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Uribe JE, Kelava S, Nava S, Cotes-Perdomo AP, Castro LR, Rivera-Paéz FA, Perea S, Mans BJ, Gofton A, Teo EJM, Zardoya R, Barker SC. New insights into the molecular phylogeny, biogeographical history, and diversification of Amblyomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitogenomes and nuclear sequences. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:139. [PMID: 38500136 PMCID: PMC10946108 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amblyomma is the third most diversified genus of Ixodidae that is distributed across the Indomalayan, Afrotropical, Australasian (IAA), Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic ecoregions, reaching in the Neotropic its highest diversity. There have been hints in previously published phylogenetic trees from mitochondrial genome, nuclear rRNA, from combinations of both and morphology that the Australasian Amblyomma or the Australasian Amblyomma plus the Amblyomma species from the southern cone of South America, might be sister-group to the Amblyomma of the rest of the world. However, a stable phylogenetic framework of Amblyomma for a better understanding of the biogeographic patterns underpinning its diversification is lacking. METHODS We used genomic techniques to sequence complete and nearly complete mitochondrial genomes -ca. 15 kbp- as well as the nuclear ribosomal cluster -ca. 8 kbp- for 17 Amblyomma ticks in order to study the phylogeny and biogeographic pattern of the genus Amblyomma, with particular emphasis on the Neotropical region. The new genomic information generated here together with genomic information available on 43 ticks (22 other Amblyomma species and 21 other hard ticks-as outgroup-) were used to perform probabilistic methods of phylogenetic and biogeographic inferences and time-tree estimation using biogeographic dates. RESULTS In the present paper, we present the strongest evidence yet that Australasian Amblyomma may indeed be the sister-group to the Amblyomma of the rest of the world (species that occur mainly in the Neotropical and Afrotropical zoogeographic regions). Our results showed that all Amblyomma subgenera (Cernyomma, Anastosiella, Xiphiastor, Adenopleura, Aponomma and Dermiomma) are not monophyletic, except for Walkeriana and Amblyomma. Likewise, our best biogeographic scenario supports the origin of Amblyomma and its posterior diversification in the southern hemisphere at 47.8 and 36.8 Mya, respectively. This diversification could be associated with the end of the connection of Australasia and Neotropical ecoregions by the Antarctic land bridge. Also, the biogeographic analyses let us see the colonization patterns of some neotropical Amblyomma species to the Nearctic. CONCLUSIONS We found strong evidence that the main theater of diversification of Amblyomma was the southern hemisphere, potentially driven by the Antarctic Bridge's intermittent connection in the late Eocene. In addition, the subgeneric classification of Amblyomma lacks evolutionary support. Future studies using denser taxonomic sampling may lead to new findings on the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Amblyomma genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Uribe
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department (BEBD), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Samuel Kelava
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Santiago Nava
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela (EEA Rafaela), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea P Cotes-Perdomo
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences of Technology, University of South-Eastern, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - Lyda R Castro
- Grupo de Investigación Evolución, Sistemática y Ecología Molecular (GIESEMOL), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Fredy A Rivera-Paéz
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Silvia Perea
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department (BEBD), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ben J Mans
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Ernest J M Teo
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rafael Zardoya
- Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department (BEBD), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen C Barker
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Tang W, Li X, Ye B, Shi B, Zhang H, Dang Z, Sun Y, Danqu L, Xia C, Quzhen D, Zhao X, Chui W, Huang F. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analyses of Haemaphysalis tibetensis Hoogstraal, 1965 (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102311. [PMID: 38262211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Ticks are specialized ectoparasites that feed on blood, causing physical harm to the host and facilitating pathogen transmission. The genus Haemaphysalis contains vectors for numerous infectious agents. These agents cause various diseases in humans and animals. Mitochondrial genome sequences serve as reliable molecular markers, forming a crucial basis for evolutionary analyses, studying species origins, and exploring molecular phylogeny. We extracted mitochondrial genome from the enriched mitochondria of Haemaphysalis tibetensis and obtained a 14,714-bp sequence. The mitochondrial genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two control regions. The nucleotide composition of H. tibetensis mitochondrial genome was 38.38 % for A, 9.61 % for G, 39.32 % for T, and 12.69 % for C. The A + T content of H. tibetensis mitochondrial genome was 77.7 %, significantly higher than the G + C content. The repeat units of H. tibetensis exhibited two identical repeat units of 33 bp in length, positioned downstream of nad1 and rrnL genes. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses based on the 13 PCGs indicated that Haemaphysalis tibetensis (subgenus Allophysalis) formed a monophyletic clade with Haemaphysalis nepalensis (subgenus Herpetobia) and Haemaphysalis danieli (subgenus Allophysalis). Although the species Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis kitaokai, Haemaphysalis kolonini, and Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri belong to the subgenus Alloceraea, which were morphologically primitive hemaphysalines just like H. tibetensis, these four tick species cannot form a single clade with H. tibetensis. In this study, the whole mitochondrial genome sequence of H. tibetensis from Tibet was obtained, which enriched the mitochondrial genome data of ticks and provided genetic markers to study the population heredity and molecular evolution of the genus Haemaphysalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Tang
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tibet Lhasa 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Tibet Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong Foshan 528225, China
| | - Bijin Ye
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong Foshan 528225, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tibet Lhasa 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Tibet Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Haoji Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong Foshan 528225, China
| | - Zhisheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at China CDC/Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuexiang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong Foshan 528225, China
| | - Lamu Danqu
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tibet Lhasa 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Tibet Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Chenyang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tibet Lhasa 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Tibet Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Danzeng Quzhen
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tibet Lhasa 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Tibet Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Xialing Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tibet Lhasa 850009, China
| | - Wenting Chui
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Qinghai Province, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangdong Foshan 528225, China.
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3
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Yuan B, He G, Dong W. The evolutionary characterization of Gamasida based on mitochondrial genes codon usage pattern. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:30. [PMID: 38085374 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mites belonging to the suborder Gamasida are species-rich and habitat-diverse, with a worldwide distribution. To adapt to the environment and obtain better living conditions, all species of the suborder Gamasida have been undergoing constant evolution. The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is an invaluable molecular marker for studying the origin of species, genetic differentiation between closely related species, and between intraspecific groups. In some species of the suborder Gamasida, mitochondrial tRNA genes are truncated and carried unstable genetic information. This study presents a comparative analysis of codon usage pattern and preference of 13 protein-coding genes of 24 species in 17 genera and 10 families of the suborder Gamasida. Results showed that have an obvious AT preference (0.664-0.829) for codon usage in the suborder Gamasida. Most of the optimal and high-frequency codons also end in A/T. The degree of natural selection varies between the same protein-coding genes of different gamasid mites or among different protein-coding genes within the same gamasid mites. Base and codon usage pattern and preference are very similar between the same species and genus, namely the closer species, the more similar their bases and codons usage patterns and preference are. T bases and C bases were the preference bases for codon usage of 24 species in the suborder Gamasida. Evolution of the suborder Gamasida was dominated by natural selection (64.1%). This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of codon usage in the suborder Gamasida, which will greatly improve our understanding of codon usage patterns and preference, genetics, and evolution of the suborder Gamasida. It will help to evaluate the degree of molecular adaptation in the suborder Gamasida and to further explore evolutionary features of the suborder Gamasida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bili Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Gangxian He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenge Dong
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China.
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Rollins RE, Margos G, Brachmann A, Krebs S, Mouchet A, Dingemanse NJ, Laatamna A, Reghaissia N, Fingerle V, Metzler D, Becker NS, Chitimia-Dobler L. German Ixodes inopinatus samples may not actually represent this tick species. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:751-761. [PMID: 37516335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of human and animal pathogens, but many questions remain unanswered regarding their taxonomy. Molecular sequencing methods have allowed research to start understanding the evolutionary history of even closely related tick species. Ixodes inopinatus is considered a sister species and highly similar to Ixodes ricinus, an important vector of many tick-borne pathogens in Europe, but identification between these species remains ambiguous with disagreement on the geographic extent of I. inopinatus. In 2018-2019, 1583 ticks were collected from breeding great tits (Parus major) in southern Germany, of which 45 were later morphologically identified as I. inopinatus. We aimed to confirm morphological identification using molecular tools. Utilizing two genetic markers (16S rRNA, TROSPA) and whole genome sequencing of specific ticks (n = 8), we were able to determine that German samples, morphologically identified as I. inopinatus, genetically represent I. ricinus regardless of previous morphological identification, and most likely are not I. ricinus/I. inopinatus hybrids. Further, our results showed that the entire mitochondrial genome, let alone singular mitochondrial genes (i.e., 16S), is unable to distinguish between I. ricinus and I. inopinatus. Our results suggest that I. inopinatus is geographically isolated as a species (northern Africa and potentially southern Spain and Portugal) and brings into question whether I. inopinatus exists in central Europe. Our results highlight the probable existence of I. inopinatus and the power of utilizing genomic data in answering questions regarding tick taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Rollins
- Institute of Avian Research "Vogelwarte Helgoland", Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Margos
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexia Mouchet
- Behavioural Ecology Group, LMU Munich/Department of Biology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; IDEEV UMR Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie, IRD, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology Group, LMU Munich/Department of Biology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - AbdElkarim Laatamna
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Nassiba Reghaissia
- Laboratory of Sciences and Living Techniques, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, University of Souk Ahras, Annaba Road 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Volker Fingerle
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Metzler
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Noémie S Becker
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Germany
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Hornok S, Kontschán J, Takács N, Heyne H, Kovács ÁB, Plantard O, Keve G, Fedorov D, Gyuranecz M, Halajian A. Molecular-phylogenetic analyses of Ixodes species from South Africa suggest an African origin of bird-associated exophilic ticks (subgenus Trichotoixodes). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:392. [PMID: 37898783 PMCID: PMC10612238 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), the genus Ixodes comprises the highest number of species, which in turn are most numerous in the Afrotropical zoogeographic region. In South Africa extensive morphological studies have been performed on Ixodes species but only few reports included molecular analyses. METHODS In this study, 58 Ixodes spp. ticks, collected from ten mammalian and eight avian host species in South Africa, were molecularly and phylogenetically analyzed. In addition, a newly collected sample of the Palearctic Ixodes trianguliceps was included in the analyses. RESULTS Among the ticks from South Africa, 11 species were identified morphologically. The majority of ticks from mammals represented the Ixodes pilosus group with two species (n = 20), followed by ticks resembling Ixodes rubicundus (n = 18) and Ixodes alluaudi (n = 3). In addition, single specimens of Ixodes rhabdomysae, Ixodes ugandanus, Ixodes nairobiensis and Ixodes simplex were also found. Considering bird-infesting ticks, Ixodes theilerae (n = 7), Ixodes uriae (n = 4) and ticks most similar to Ixodes daveyi (provisionally named I. cf. daveyi, n = 2) were identified. Molecular analyses confirmed two species in the I. pilosus group and a new species (I. cf. rubicundus) closely related to I. rubicundus sensu stricto. Phylogenetic trees based on concatenated mitochondrial or mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences indicated that the subgenus Afrixodes forms a monophyletic clade with bird-associated exophilic ticks (subgenus Trichotoixodes). Ixodes trianguliceps clustered separately whereas I. alluaudi with their morphologically assigned subgenus, Exopalpiger. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic analyses shed new lights on the relationships of Ixodes subgenera when including multiple sequences from subgenus Afrixodes and African as well as Palearctic species of subgenera Trichotoixodes and Exopalpiger. Subgenera Afrixodes and bird-associated Trichotoixodes share common ancestry, suggesting that the latter might have also originated in Africa. Regarding the subgenus Exopalpiger, I. alluaudi is properly assigned as it clusters among different Australian Ixodes, whereas I. trianguliceps should be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-UVMB Climate Change: New Blood-Sucking Parasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Jenő Kontschán
- Plant Protection Institute, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosonmagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Nóra Takács
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UVMB Climate Change: New Blood-Sucking Parasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Heloise Heyne
- Epidemiology, Parasites & Vectors (EPV), ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Áron Botond Kovács
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gergő Keve
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-UVMB Climate Change: New Blood-Sucking Parasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Denis Fedorov
- HUN-REN-UVMB Climate Change: New Blood-Sucking Parasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Health Safety, HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ali Halajian
- Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
- Department of Biodiversity, DSI-NRF SARChI Chair, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Ayanniyi OO, Lu Z, Zhang H, Li C, Luo S, Wang C, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Yang C. Epidemiological survey of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Anhui Province, China. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102059. [PMID: 37690183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases have continued to increase worldwide in both developing and many developed countries due to the widespread of different tick species and tick's adaptability to different climatic weather. In order to investigate the prevalence of the tick-borne pathogens, EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples were aseptically collected from 765 pet dogs in twenty veterinary clinics located in sixteen prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province, China, and the samples were examined and analyzed for tick-borne pathogens using both microscopy and PCR. Our result analysis revealed 17(2.22%) positive samples to Babesia spp and 4(0.52%) positive samples to Hepatozoon spp, of which case of co-infection was recorded in Lu'An and Chuzhou. The BLAST analysis results of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that the dogs were infected with Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis. All samples were negative for Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Rickettsia spp. This is the first molecular report of B. gibsoni and H. canis in dogs in Anhui, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Zhenxiao Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Chunqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Shishang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Chuanchen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Qianming Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China.
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China.
| | - Congshan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China.
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Chen B, Liu YF, Lu XY, Jiang DD, Wang X, Zhang QF, Yang GP, Yang X. Complete mitochondrial genome of Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Stenischia humilis in China provides insights into fleas phylogeny. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1255017. [PMID: 37771942 PMCID: PMC10526365 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1255017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fleas (Order Siphonaptera) are common blood-feeding ectoparasites, which have important economic significance. Limited mitochondrial genome information has impeded the study of flea biology, population genetics and phylogenetics. The Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Stenischia humilis complete mt genomes are described in this study. The samples were collected from Jianchuan, Yunnan plague foci, China. The mt genomes of C. quadratus and S. humilis were 15,938 bp and 15,617 bp, respectively. The gene arrangement of mt genome was consistent with that of other fleas, which include 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and two rRNA genes, with a total of 37 genes. The relationship between C. quadratus and S. humilis in fleas was inferred by phylogenetic analysis of mt genome sequence datasets. Phylogenetic analyzes showed that the C. quadratus and S. humilis belonged to different species in the same family, and were closely related to Hystrichopsylla weida qinlingensis in the same family; and revealed that the family Hystrichopsyllidae is paraphyletic, supporting the monophyly of the order Siphonaptera. This study decodes the complete mt genomes of the C. quadratus and S. humilis for the first time. The results demonstrate that the C. quadratus and S. humilis are distinct species, and fleas are monophyletic. Analysis of mt genome provides novel molecular data for further studying the phylogeny and evolution of fleas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Ya-fang Liu
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xin-yan Lu
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Dan-dan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan-fu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-ping Yang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
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8
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Yang HJ, Yang ZH, Ren TG, Dong WG. The complete mitochondrial genome of Eulaelaps huzhuensis (Mesostigmata: Haemogamasidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 90:301-316. [PMID: 37349609 PMCID: PMC10406673 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Some mites of the family Haemogamasidae can transmit a variety of zoonotic diseases and have important public health and safety implications. Currently, however, little attention has been paid to molecular data of Haemogamasidae species, limiting our understanding of their evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Eulaelaps huzhuensis was determined for the first time, and its genomic information was analyzed in detail. The mitochondrial genome of E. huzhuensis is 14,872 bp in length with 37 genes and two control regions. The base composition showed a distinct AT preference. Twelve protein-coding genes have a typical ATN as the start codon, and three protein-coding genes have incomplete stop codons. During the folding of tRNA genes, a total of 30 mismatches occurred, and three tRNA genes had an atypical cloverleaf secondary structure. The order of the E. huzhuensis mitochondrial genome arrangement is a new type of rearrangement in Mesostigmata. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the family Haemogamasidae is a monophyletic branch and does not belong to a subfamily of the Laelapidae. Our results lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the phylogeny and evolutionary history of the family Haemogamasidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Yang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yang
- School of Foreign Languages, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Tian-Guang Ren
- College of Nursing, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Wen-Ge Dong
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
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de Oliveira CM, Yang TS, Duarte MA, Marr H, McManus CM, André MR, Birkenheuer AJ, Paludo GR. Canine piroplasmids: Molecular detection and laboratory characterization in dogs from Brasilia, Brazil, with the first molecular evidence of dog exposure to a novel opossum-associated Babesia sp. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102181. [PMID: 37084584 PMCID: PMC10698754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Canine piroplasmid infections can be caused by Babesia spp., Theileria spp. and Rangelia vitalii. In Brazil, canine babesiosis caused by Babesia vogeli is endemic and reported throughout the country. On the other hand, Rangeliosis caused by R. vitalii has only been described so far in the South and Southeast regions. Despite that, studies analyzing the laboratory and molecular characterization of these hemoprotozoa are still scarce. To investigate the occurrence, the laboratory features, the molecular characterization, and the diversity of piroplasmids from Midwestern Brazil, a survey was performed using blood samples obtained from 276 domestic dogs from Brasília, Federal District, Midwestern Brazil. A broad-range quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU4) was used to detect piroplasmid DNA. The overall molecular occurrence of piroplasmids was 11.2% (31/276), with 9.7% (27/276) of the sequences identified as Babesia vogeli (98-100% identity to B. vogeli isolate from the USA). Based on a partial 18S rRNA sequence pairwise alignment (-250 bp), 1.4% (4/276) of the sequences showed only 76.8% identity with B. vogeli but 100% identity with opossum-associated Babesia sp. (MW290046-53). These findings suggest the exposure of dogs from Brazil to a recently described Babesia sp. isolated from white-eared opossum. None of the analyzed dogs was positive for Theileria spp. or R. vitalii. Subsequently, all positive sequences were submitted to three additional PCR assays based on the 18S rRNA, cox-1, and cytb genes, aiming at performing a haplotype network analysis. Haplotype network using cox-1 sequences showed the presence of six different haplotypes of B. vogeli; one of them was shared with isolates from Brazil, the USA, and India. When including animals co-infected with other vector-borne diseases, piroplasmid-positive dogs had 2.3 times higher chance of having thrombocytopenia than the negative ones. The molecular results demonstrated that the compared Babesia vogeli sequences showed a low variability as well as evidence of exposure to a putative novel opossum-associated Babesia sp. in dogs from Midwestern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Manoel de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV/UnB), Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro - Asa Norte, CEP, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tzushan Sharon Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Matheus Almeida Duarte
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV/UnB), Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro - Asa Norte, CEP, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Henry Marr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Concepta Margaret McManus
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam Joseph Birkenheuer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Giane Regina Paludo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV/UnB), Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Centro - Asa Norte, CEP, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil.
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Cao ML, Nie Y, Fu YT, Li R, Yi XL, Xiong J, Liu GH. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of five hard ticks and phylogenetic implications. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07891-7. [PMID: 37329345 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites with significant medical and veterinary importance, capable of transmitting bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses that cause a variety of human and animal diseases worldwide. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of five hard tick species and analyzed features of their gene contents and genome organizations. The complete mt genomes of Haemaphysalis verticalis, H. flava, H. longicornis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma asiaticum were 14855 bp, 14689 bp, 14693 bp, 14715 bp and 14722 bp in size, respectively. Their gene contents and arrangements are the same as those of most species of metastriate Ixodida, but distinct from species of genus Ixodes. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes with two different computational algorithms (Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) revealed the monophylies of the genera Rhipicephalus, Ixodes and Amblyomma, however, rejected the monophyly of the genus Haemaphysalis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete mt genome of H. verticalis. These datasets provide useful mtDNA markers for further studies of the identification and classification of hard ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Cao
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Nie
- College of Biotechnology, Hunan University of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Xi-Long Yi
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, Changsha, China.
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11
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Cotes-Perdomo AP, Nava S, Castro LR, Rivera-Paéz FA, Cortés-Vecino JA, Uribe JE. Phylogenetic relationships of the Amblyomma cajennense complex (Acari: Ixodidae) at mitogenomic resolution. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102125. [PMID: 36806845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The genus Amblyomma is the third most diverse in the number of species within the Ixodidae, with practically half of its species distributed in the Americas, though there are also species occurring in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Within the genus, there are several species complexes with veterinary and public health importance. The Amblyomma cajennense complex, in the Americas, is represented by six species with a wide distribution, from Texas to northern Argentina. We combined two sequencing techniques to generate complete mitogenomes of species belonging to the Amblyomma cajennense complex: genome skimming and long-range PCRs sequencing methods. Thus, we generated seven new mitochondrial genomes for all species of the Amblyomma cajennense complex, except for Amblyomma interandinum. Genetic distances between the mitogenomes corroborate the clear differentiation between the five species of the Amblyomma cajennense complex. The phylogenetic relationships of these species had previously been evaluated by combining partial nuclear and mitochondrial genes and here these relationships are corroborated with a more robust framework of data, which demonstrates that the conjunction of mitochondrial and nuclear partial genes can resolve close relationships when entire genes or genomes are unavailable. The gene order, structure, composition, and length are stable across these mitogenomes, and they share the general characteristics of Metastriata. Future studies should increase the number of available mitogenomes for this genus, especially for those species from the Indo-Pacific region and Africa, by means of a better understanding of their relationships and evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Cotes-Perdomo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Natural Sciences and Environmental Health Department, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Faculty of Technology, University of South-Eastern, Norway
| | - Santiago Nava
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICAL, INTA-CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela (EEA Rafaela), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lyda R Castro
- Grupo de investigación Evolución, Sistemática y Ecología Molecular (GIESEMOL), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Fredy A Rivera-Paéz
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, Manizales, Caldas 170004, Colombia
| | - Jesús A Cortés-Vecino
- Grupo de Investigación Parasitología Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Juan E Uribe
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Invertebrate Zoology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States of America.
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12
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Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis and Comparative Analysis with Other Ophiocordyceps Species. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030710. [PMID: 36980982 PMCID: PMC10048122 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis (O. lanpingensis) belongs to the genus Ophiocordyceps, which is often found in Yunnan Province, China. This species is pharmacologically important for the treatment of renal disorders induced by oxidative stress and an inadequate immune response. In the present study, the mitogenome of O. lanpingensis was determined to be a circular molecule 117,560 bp in length, and to have 31% G + C content and 69% A + T content. This mitogenome comprised 82% of the whole genome that codes for significant genes. The protein-coding regions of the O. lanpingensis mitogenome, containing 24 protein-coding genes, were associated with respiratory chain complexes, such as 3 ATP-synthase complex F0 subunits (atp6, atp8, and atp9), 2 complex IV subunits/cytochrome c oxidases (cox2 and cox3), 1 complex III subunit (cob), 4 electron transport complex I subunits/NADH dehydrogenase complex subunits (nad1, nad4, nad5, and nad6), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rns, rnl), and 11 hypothetical/predicted proteins, i.e., orf609, orf495, orf815, orf47, orf150, orf147, orf292, orf127, orf349, orf452, and orf100. It was noted that all genes were positioned on the same strand. Further, 13 mitochondrial genes with respiratory chain complexes, which presented maximum similarity with other fungal species of Ophiocordyceps, were investigated. O. lanpingensis was compared with previously sequenced species within Ophiocordycepitaceae. Comparative analysis indicated that O. lanpingensis was more closely related to O. sinensis, which is one of the most remarkable and expensive herbs due to its limited availability and the fact that it is difficult to culture. Therefore, O. lanpingensis is an important medicinal resource that can be effectively used for medicinal purposes. More extensive metabolomics research is recommended for O. lanpingensis.
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Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Dermacentor steini from different regions in China. Parasitology 2023; 150:195-205. [PMID: 36482713 PMCID: PMC10090625 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ticks are a group of blood-sucking ectoparasites that play an important role in human health and livestock production development as vectors of zoonotic diseases. The phylogenetic tree of single genes cannot accurately reflect the true kinship between species. Based on the complete mitochondrial genome analysis one can help to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among species. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Dermacentor steini (isolate Longyan) was sequenced and compared with the mitochondrial genes of 3 other Chinese isolates (Nanchang, Jinhua and Yingtan). In Dermacentor steini 4 isolates had identical or similar mitochondrial genome lengths and an overall variation of 0.76% between sequences. All nucleotide compositions showed a distinct AT preference. The most common initiation and stop codons were ATG and TAA, respectively. Fewer base mismatches were found in the tRNA gene of D. steini (isolate Longyan), and the vicinity of the control region and tRNA gene was a hot rearrangement region of the genus Dermacentor. Maximum likelihood trees and Bayesian trees indicate that D. steini is most closely related to Dermacentor auratus. The results enrich the mitochondrial genomic data of species in the genus Dermacentor and provide novel insights for further studies on the phylogeographic classification and molecular evolution of ticks.
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14
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Mitochondrial Genomes of the American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis) Isolated from Horses in the Midwestern United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0033022. [PMID: 36541790 PMCID: PMC9872707 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00330-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report two complete and three partial mitochondrial genome sequences of Dermacentor variabilis specimens collected from horses in the United States. The complete genomes are 14,837 bp long and contain 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. The sequences have been deposited under GenBank accession numbers ON052120 to ON052124.
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Liu J, Yu J, Yu X, Bi W, Yang H, Xue F, Zhang G, Zhang J, Yi D, Ma R, Zhou Y, Lan G, Gu J, Wu W, Li Z, Qi G. Complete Mitogenomes of Ticks Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus Parasitizing Giant Panda: Deep Insights into the Comparative Mitogenomic and Phylogenetic Relationship of Ixodidae Species. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2049. [PMID: 36360286 PMCID: PMC9691169 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks rank second in the world as vectors of disease. Tick infestation is one of the factors threatening the health and survival of giant pandas. Here, we describe the mitogenomes of Ixodes acutitarsus and Ixodes ovatus parasitizing giant pandas, and perform comparative and phylogenetic genomic analyses on the newly sequenced and other available mitogenomes of hard ticks. All six newly determined mitogenomes contain a typical gene component and share an ancient Arthropoda gene arrangement pattern. Our study suggests that I. ovatus is a species complex with high genetic divergence, indicating that different clades of I. ovatus represent distinct species. Comparative mitogenomic analyses show that the average A + T content of Ixodidae mitogenomes is 78.08%, their GC-skews are strongly negative, while AT-skews fluctuate around 0. A large number of microsatellites are detected in Ixodidae mitogenomes, and the main microsatellite motifs are mononucleotide A and trinucleotide AAT. We summarize five gene arrangement types, and identify the trnY-COX1-trnS1-COX2-trnK-ATP8-ATP6-COX3-trnG fragment is the most conserved region, whereas the region near the control region is the rearrangement hotspot in Ixodidae mitogenomes. The phylogenetic trees based on 15 genes provide a very convincing relationship (Ixodes + (Robertsicus + ((Bothriocroton + Haemaphysalis) + (Amblyomma + (Dermacentor + (Rhipicentor + (Hyalomma + Rhipicephalus))))))) with very strong supports. Remarkably, Archaeocroton sphenodonti is embedded in the Haemaphysalis clade with strong supports, resulting in paraphyly of the Haemaphysalis genus, so in-depth morphological and molecular studies are essential to determine the taxonomic status of A. sphenodonti and its closely related species. Our results provide new insights into the molecular phylogeny and evolution of hard ticks, as well as basic data for population genetics assessment and efficient surveillance and control for the giant panda-infesting ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Wenlei Bi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Management Center of Daxiangling Nature Reserve in Yingjing County, Ya’an 625200, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Gexiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Cyber Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Dejiao Yi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yanshan Zhou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Guanwei Lan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Zusheng Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Guilan Qi
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
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16
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Reynolds S, Hedberg M, Herrin B, Chelladurai JRJJ. Analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Dermacentor albipictus suggests a species complex. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102038. [PMID: 36170783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dermacentor albipictus is a one-host tick broadly distributed across North America. There are two easily recognizable color variants - ornate and inornate/brown - that have been taxonomically synonymized. Based on mt-cox1 and mt-16S data, there is also evidence for two genetic lineages which do not match the color variants. We present for the first time the complete mitochondrial genomes of the two color variants of D. albipictus including representatives of each lineage. The AT-rich genomes are 14,822 bp - 14,865 bp in length and contain 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes, arranged in the conserved type 3 metastriate mitochondrial genome order. The overall differences were 10.66% between the mitochondrial genomes of D. albipictus ornate variant lineage 1 and lineage 2, 10.51% between lineage 1 and inornate/brown variant and 5.87% between lineage 2 and inornate/brown variant. The inornate/brown variant did not form a separate lineage and all inornate isolates were found to belong to lineage 2. Ornate variant isolates occurred in both lineage 1 and 2. The high divergence of the mitochondrial genome suggests that D. albipictus may represent a species complex. Other barcoding genes that may help capture the genetic differences between color and lineage variants include nad1, nad2, nad5, cox1 and atp8 loci. The mtDNA data generated in this study are available in GenBank (Accession numbers: OM678457 - OM678459 and ON032564 - ON032573) for future studies on tick taxonomy, phylogenetics and molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reynolds
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine / Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Makaela Hedberg
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine / Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Brian Herrin
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine / Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jeba R J Jesudoss Chelladurai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine / Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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17
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Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective. One Health 2022; 15:100443. [PMID: 36561707 PMCID: PMC9767813 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are important arthropod vectors that transmit pathogens to humans and animals. Owing to favourable climatic and environmental conditions, along with animal importation from neighbouring countries, ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are widespread in Egyptian localities. Here, we review the current knowledge on the epidemiology of TBDs in Egypt in light of the One Health paradigm. Methods and results Five scientific databases, including "Web of Science", "Scopus", "PubMed", "Science Direct", and "Google Scholar", were searched for articles describing TBDs in Egypt. A total of 18 TBDs have been reported in humans and animals, including three protozoal diseases (babesiosis, theileriosis, and hepatozoonosis), 12 bacterial diseases (anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Lyme borreliosis, bovine borreliosis, tick-borne relapsing fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, African tick-borne fever, lymphangitis-associated rickettsiosis, bartonellosis, tularaemia, Q fever, and aegyptianellosis), and three viral diseases (Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever, and Lumpy skin disease). Conclusions Despite the circulation of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens among livestock and tick vectors, human infections have been overlooked and are potentially limited to infer the actual communicable disease burden. Therefore, facility-based surveillance of TBDs, combined with capacity building for laboratory diagnostics in healthcare facilities, is urgently required to improve diagnosis and inform policy-making in disease prevention. Additionally, collaboration between expert researchers from various disciplines (physicians, biologists, acarologists, and veterinarians) is required to develop advanced research projects to control ticks and TBDs. Considering that domestic livestock is integral to many Egyptian households, comprehensive epidemiological studies on TBDs should assess all disease contributors, including vertebrate hosts (animals, humans, and rodents) and ticks in the same ecological region, for better assessment of disease burden. Additionally, upscaling of border inspections of imported animals is required to stop crossover movements of ticks and TBDs.
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18
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Tian J, Hou X, Ge M, Xu H, Yu B, Liu J, Shao R, Holmes EC, Lei C, Shi M. The diversity and evolutionary relationships of ticks and tick-borne bacteria collected in China. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:352. [PMID: 36182913 PMCID: PMC9526939 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks (order Ixodida) are ectoparasites, vectors and reservoirs of many infectious agents affecting humans and domestic animals. However, the lack of information on tick genomic diversity leaves significant gaps in the understanding of the evolution of ticks and associated bacteria. Results We collected > 20,000 contemporary and historical (up to 60 years of preservation) tick samples representing a wide range of tick biodiversity across diverse geographic regions in China. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on individual ticks to obtain the complete or near-complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences from 46 tick species, among which mitochondrial genomes of 23 species were recovered for the first time. These new mt genomes data greatly expanded the diversity of many tick groups and revealed five cryptic species. Utilizing the same metagenomic sequence data we identified divergent and abundant bacteria in Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, Dermacentor and Carios ticks, including nine species of pathogenetic bacteria and potentially new species within the genus Borrelia. We also used these data to explore the evolutionary relationship between ticks and their associated bacteria, revealing a pattern of long-term co-divergence relationship between ticks and Rickettsia and Coxiella bacteria. Conclusions In sum, our study provides important new information on the genetic diversity of ticks based on an analysis of mitochondrial DNA as well as on the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in China. It also sheds new light on the long-term evolutionary and ecological relationships between ticks and their associated bacteria. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05485-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunHua Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.,Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430015, China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518107, China
| | - MiHong Ge
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430345, China
| | - HongBin Xu
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430015, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430015, China
| | - RenFu Shao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4558, Australia.,GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life & Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - ChaoLiang Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
| | - Mang Shi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518107, China.
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19
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Fang Y, Sun M, Fang Y, Zuo Z, Liu L, Chu L, Ding L, Hu C, Li F, Han R, Xia X, Zhou S, Sun E. Complete mitochondrial genomes of Thyreophagus entomophagus and Acarus siro (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmatina) provide insight into mitogenome features, evolution, and phylogeny among Acaroidea mites. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 88:57-74. [PMID: 36255591 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mites from the Acaroidea (Sarcoptiformes: Astigmatina) are important pests of various stored products, posing potential threats to preserved foods. In addition, mites can cause allergic diseases. Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are valuable resources for different research fields, including comparative genomics, molecular evolutionary analysis, and phylogenetic inference. We sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenomes of Thyreophagus entomophagus and Acarus siro. A comparative analysis was made between mitogenomic sequences from 10 species representing nine genera within Acaroidea. The mitogenomes of T. entomophagus and A. siro contained 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and one control region. In Acaroidea species, mitogenomes have highly conserved gene size and order, and codon usage. Among Acaroidea mites, most PCGs were found to be under purifying selection, implying that most PCGs might have evolved slowly. Our findings showed that nad4 evolved most rapidly, whereas cox1 and cox3 evolved most slowly. The evolutionary rates of Acaroidea vary considerably across families. In addition, selection analyses were also performed in 23 astigmatid mite species, and the evolutionary rate of the same genes in different superfamilies exhibited large differences. Phylogenetic results are mostly consistent with those identified by previous phylogenetic studies on astigmatid mites. The monophyly of Acaroidea was rejected, and the Suidasiidae and Lardoglyphidae appeared to deviate from the Acaroidea branch. Our research proposed a review of the current Acaroidea classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingzhong Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zetao Zuo
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Luyao Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Lingmiao Chu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Lan Ding
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Caixiao Hu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Feiyan Li
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Renrui Han
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xingquan Xia
- College of Life Science, The Provincial Key Lab of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
| | - Shulin Zhou
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Entao Sun
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Mohamed WMA, Moustafa MAM, Thu MJ, Kakisaka K, Chatanga E, Ogata S, Hayashi N, Taya Y, Ohari Y, Naguib D, Qiu Y, Matsuno K, Bawm S, Htun LL, Barker SC, Katakura K, Ito K, Nonaka N, Nakao R. Comparative mitogenomics elucidates the population genetic structure of
Amblyomma testudinarium
in Japan and a closely related
Amblyomma
species in Myanmar. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1062-1078. [PMID: 35899249 PMCID: PMC9309438 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are the second most important vector capable of transmitting diseases affecting the health of both humans and animals. Amblyomma testudinarium Koch 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), is a hard tick species having a wide geographic distribution in Asia. In this study, we analyzed the composition of A. testudinarium whole mitogenomes from various geographical regions in Japan and investigated the population structure, demographic patterns, and phylogeographic relationship with other ixodid species. In addition, we characterized a potentially novel tick species closely related to A. testudinarium from Myanmar. Phylogeographic inference and evolutionary dynamics based on the 15 mitochondrial coding genes supported that A. testudinarium population in Japan is resolved into a star‐like haplogroup and suggested a distinct population structure of A. testudinarium from Amami island in Kyushu region. Correlation analysis using Mantel test statistics showed that no significant correlation was observed between the genetic and geographic distances calculated between the A. testudinarium population from different localities in Japan. Finally, demographic analyses, including mismatch analysis and Tajima’s D test, suggested a possibility of recent population expansion occurred within Japanese haplogroup after a bottleneck event. Although A. testudinarium has been considered widespread and common in East and Southeast Asia, the current study suggested that potentially several cryptic Amblyomma spp. closely related to A. testudinarium are present in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Division of Bioinformatics, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed Moustafa
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine South Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - May June Thu
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health, Zabu Thiri, Nay Pyi Taw 15011 Myanmar
| | - Keita Kakisaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Elisha Chatanga
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Lilongwe Malawi
| | - Shohei Ogata
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yurie Taya
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Doaa Naguib
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- One Health Research Center Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Saw Bawm
- Department of International Relations and Information Technology University of Veterinary Science Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology University of Veterinary Science Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar
| | - Lat Lat Htun
- Department of Pharmacology and Parasitology University of Veterinary Science Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar
| | - Stephen C. Barker
- Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Ken Katakura
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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21
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Lu XY, Zhang QF, Jiang DD, Wang T, Sun Y, Du CH, Zhang L, Yang X. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Haemaphysalis (Alloceraea) kolonini (Ixodidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1951-1962. [PMID: 35505098 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ticks transmit diverse pathogens that cause human and animal diseases, leading to an increasing number of new challenges around the world. Genomic data research could help advance our learning of phylogenetic analysis and molecular evolution. Mitochondrial genome DNA has been helpful in illustrating the phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotes containing ticks. In this research, we sequenced and assembled the circular complete mitogenome information of Haemaphysalis kolonini. The 14,948-bp mitogenome consists of 37 genes which included 13 genes for protein-coding, two genes for ribosomal RNA, 22 genes for transfer RNA, and two control regions (D-loops). Overall, the composition and arrangement of genes were compared with Haemaphysalis ticks previously recorded in Genbank. The phylogenetic tree based on Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) computational algorithms showed that H. kolonini has a close relationship with Haemaphysalis inermis. The complete mitogenome data provide a preferable perception to the phylogenetic relationship than the single-gene data analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first research exploring the complete mitogenome for the species H. kolonini. Our results provide new insights for further research on the evolution, population genetics, systematics, and molecular ecology of ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Lu
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Fu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan-Dan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Du
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Yang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Aung A, Kaewlamun W, Narapakdeesakul D, Poofery J, Kaewthamasorn M. Molecular detection and characterization of tick-borne parasites in goats and ticks from Thailand. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Chandra S, Alanazi AD, Šlapeta J. Mitochondrial genome of Rhipicephalus cf. camicasi Morel, Mouchet et Rodhain, 1976 from a camel (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Price DC, Brennan JR, Wagner NE, Egizi AM. Comparative hologenomics of two Ixodes scapularis tick populations in New Jersey. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12313. [PMID: 34820166 PMCID: PMC8588856 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases, such as those transmitted by the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis, are a significant and growing public health problem in the US. There is mounting evidence that co-occurring non-pathogenic microbes can also impact tick-borne disease transmission. Shotgun metagenome sequencing enables sampling of the complete tick hologenome—the collective genomes of the tick and all of the microbial species contained therein, whether pathogenic, commensal or symbiotic. This approach simultaneously uncovers taxonomic composition and allows the detection of intraspecific genetic variation, making it a useful tool to compare spatial differences across tick populations. We evaluated this approach by comparing hologenome data from two tick samples (N = 6 ticks per location) collected at a relatively fine spatial scale, approximately 23 km apart, within a single US county. Several intriguing variants in the data between the two sites were detected, including polymorphisms in both in the tick’s own mitochondrial DNA and that of a rickettsial endosymbiont. The two samples were broadly similar in terms of the microbial species present, including multiple known tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum), filarial nematodes, and Wolbachia and Babesia species. We assembled the complete genome of the rickettsial endosymbiont (most likely Rickettsia buchneri) from both populations. Our results provide further evidence for the use of shotgun metagenome sequencing as a tool to compare tick hologenomes and differentiate tick populations across localized spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Price
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Julia R Brennan
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Nicole E Wagner
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andrea M Egizi
- Department of Entomology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America.,Tick-Borne Disease Laboratory, Monmouth County Mosquito Control Division, Tinton Falls, NJ, United States of America
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25
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Hyeon JY, McGinnis H, Sims M, Helal ZH, Kim J, Chung DH, Risatti GR, Lee DH. Complete mitochondrial genome of Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Neumann, 1901 (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) identified in the United States. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:2402-2405. [PMID: 34350351 PMCID: PMC8291064 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1922100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae), the Asian longhorned tick, which is native to temperate East Asia, has been recently detected in the northeastern region of the United States, drawing concerns about its potential impact on the US animal and public health sectors. Knowledge about the genetic features of H. longicornis found in the US is limited. Therefore, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mt-genome) from two H. longicornis ticks recently collected in the State of New York, USA, in 2020. These ticks were morphologically identified and tested for tick-borne pathogens at the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Storrs, CT). The mt-genome was 14,694 bp in length and encoded 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the mt-genome clustered with those of other H. longicornis identified in China. The mt-genome sequence was 99.7% identical to a H. longicornis mt-genome (GenBank: MK439888) collected in China. The cox1 gene haplotype in these ticks belonged to the H1 type, which is the dominant haplotype present in central NJ and Staten Island, NY. The complete mt-genome data are needed to provide insights into genetic changes and phylogenetic studies of H. longicornis ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Holly McGinnis
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Maureen Sims
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zeinab H. Helal
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Junwon Kim
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - David H. Chung
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Guillermo R. Risatti
- Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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26
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Estrada-Peña A, Cevidanes A, Sprong H, Millán J. Pitfalls in Tick and Tick-Borne Pathogens Research, Some Recommendations and a Call for Data Sharing. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060712. [PMID: 34200175 PMCID: PMC8229135 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the relationships of ticks and tick-borne pathogens can only be achieved by integrating data from multiple studies. The publication of raw material is a necessary step for wide-area meta-analyses and study design, data collection and reporting require harmonization. This is an opinion paper, not a consensus position, and is open to debate. This work reflects our view about how data should be communicated in mainstream journals. We indicate rules that should be observed in recording weather data, to avoid serendipitous correlations between the density of ticks and climate variables and recommend the inclusion of raw data in reports. We stress the need for standardized methods to collect ticks that cannot be obtained by standard flagging. The reporting of infection rates of pathogens in ticks should avoid conclusions based on pure molecular findings in feeding ticks. Studies demonstrating the vectorial capacity of ticks should not be supported only by molecular surveys of feeding ticks. Vacuous conclusions about vectorial or reservoir status based solely on the finding of genomic material of a pathogen should be discouraged. We stress that phylogenetic studies based on random selection of sequences from GenBank are unsuitable. We firmly support the development of a dedicated server of curated sequences of ticks and pathogens as a standard for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Estrada-Peña
- Department of Animal Health. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group in Emerging Zoonoses, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia P812, 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Hein Sprong
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Mailbox 63, Room V353, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Javier Millán
- Research Group in Emerging Zoonoses, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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27
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Köseoğlu AE, Can H, Güvendi M, Erkunt Alak S, Kandemir Ç, Taşkın T, Demir S, Akgül G, Değirmenci Döşkaya A, Karakavuk M, Döşkaya M, Gürüz AY, Ün C. Molecular investigation of bacterial and protozoal pathogens in ticks collected from different hosts in Turkey. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:270. [PMID: 34016174 PMCID: PMC8138928 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of tick-borne disease is increasing because of the effects of the temperature rise driven by global warming. In Turkey, 19 pathogens transmitted by ticks to humans and animals have been reported. Based on this, this study aimed to investigate tick-borne pathogens including Hepatozoon spp., Theileria spp., Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., and Bartonella spp. in tick samples (n = 110) collected from different hosts (dogs, cats, cattle, goats, sheep, and turtles) by molecular methods. Methods To meet this objective, ticks were identified morphologically at the genus level by microscopy; after DNA isolation, each tick sample was identified at the species level using the molecular method. Involved pathogens were then investigated by PCR method. Results Seven different tick species were identified including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, R. turanicus, R. bursa, Hyalomma marginatum, H. anatolicum, H. aegyptium, and Haemaphysalis erinacei. Among the analyzed ticks, Hepatozoon spp., Theileria spp., Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp. were detected at rates of 6.36%, 16.3%, 1.81%, and 6.36%, respectively while Borrelia spp. and Bartonella spp. were not detected. Hepatozoon spp. was detected in R. sanguineus ticks while Theileria spp., Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp. were detected in R. turanicus and H. marginatum. According to the results of sequence analyses applied for pathogen positive samples, Hepatozoon canis, Theileria ovis, Babesia caballi, and Anaplasma ovis were identified. Conclusion Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis were detected for the first time to our knowledge in H. marginatum and R. turanicus collected from Turkey, respectively. Also, B. caballi was detected for the first time to our knowledge in ticks in Turkey. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Can
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mervenur Güvendi
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sedef Erkunt Alak
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Kandemir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turğay Taşkın
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Samiye Demir
- Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Akgül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mert Döşkaya
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yüksel Gürüz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemal Ün
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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28
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Ciloglu A, Ibis O, Yildirim A, Aktas M, Duzlu O, Onder Z, Simsek E, Yetismis G, Ellis VA, Inci A. Complete mitochondrial genome characterization and phylogenetic analyses of the main vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101736. [PMID: 33992910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean tick, Hyalomma marginatum, is the most important vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus and several pathogens that cause animal and human diseases and economic losses to livestock production. Given the medical and veterinary importance of this tick species, we sequenced and characterized its mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) for the first time. We designed two new primer sets and combined long-range PCR with next generation sequencing to generate complete mitogenomes with deep coverage from 10 H. marginatum adults. The mitogenomes contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal subunits, two control regions, and three tick-box motifs. The nucleotide composition of the H. marginatum mitogenomes were A+T biased (79.76%) and exhibited negative AT- and GC- skews across most PCGs. All PCGs were initiated by ATK codons and two truncated termination codons were seen in the COX2 and COX3 genes. All tRNAs exhibited typical cloverleaf structures, except for tRNACys and tRNASer1. A total of 62 polymorphic sites defined ten unique haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 13 PCGs of 56 tick species revealed that four Hyalomma species (H. marginatum, H. asiaticum, H. rufipes, and H. truncatum) formed a monophyletic clade with strong support. The results of this study provide a comprehensive resource for further studies on the systematics, population genetics, molecular epidemiology, and evolution of ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ciloglu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey.
| | - Osman Ibis
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Yildirim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Munir Aktas
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Onder Duzlu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Onder
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Emrah Simsek
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yetismis
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo A Ellis
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Abdullah Inci
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Implementation and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Nie Y, Deng YP, Liu GH, Fu YT. The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) support the hypothesis that C. felis isolates from China and USA were the same C. f. felis subspecies. Acta Trop 2021; 217:105880. [PMID: 33662336 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is the most important ectoparasite in cats and dogs worldwide. Over the years, there has been much dispute regarding the taxonomic and systematic status of C. felis. Mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences are useful genetic markers for the identification and differentiation of ectoparasites, but the mt genome of C. felis and its subspecies has not yet been entirely characterized. In the present study, the entire mt genome of C. f. felis from China was sequenced and compared with that of C. felis from the USA. Both contain 37 genes and a long non-coding region of >6 kbp. The molecular identity between the Chinese and American isolates was 99%, except for the non-coding region. The protein-coding genes showed differences at both the nucleotide (1.2%) and amino acid (1%) levels. Interestingly, the cox1 gene of the Chinese isolate had an unusual putative start codon (TTT). Taken together, our analyses strongly support the hypothesis that C. felis isolates from China and the USA were the same C. f. felis subspecies. The mt genome sequence of the C. f. felis China isolate presented in this study provides useful molecular markers to further address the taxonomy and systematics of C. felis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.
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Gui Z, Wu L, Cai H, Mu L, Yu JF, Fu SY, Si XY. Genetic diversity analysis of Dermacentor nuttalli within Inner Mongolia, China. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:131. [PMID: 33648549 PMCID: PMC7923491 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks (Arthropoda, Ixodida), after mosquitoes, are the second most prevalent vector of infectious diseases. They are responsible for spreading a multitude of pathogens and threatening the health and welfare of animals and human beings. However, given the history of tick-borne pathogen infections in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, surprisingly, neither the genetic diversity nor the spatial distribution of haplotypes within ticks has been studied. Methods We characterized the haplotype distribution of Dermacentor nuttalli in four main pastoral areas of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, by sampling 109 individuals (recovered from sheep) in April–August 2019. The 16S rRNA gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) were amplified and sequenced from extracted DNA. Results Twenty-six haplotypes were identified using 16S rRNA sequences, 57 haplotypes were identified with COI sequences, and 75 haplotypes were identified with ITS2 sequences. Among the three genes, total haplotype diversity was greater than 0.7, while total nucleotide diversity was greater than 0.06. Neutrality tests revealed a significantly negative Tajima’s D result, while Fu's Fs was not significantly positive. Fixation index values (FST) indicated that the degree of genetic differentiation among some sampled populations was small, while for others it was moderate. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variation within populations was greater than that among populations. The mismatch analysis of D. nuttalli exhibited double peaks. Conclusion The genetic diversity of D. nuttalli populations in our region can likely adapt to different geographical environments, thereby leading to genetic diversity, and creating genetic differentiation among different populations. However, genetic differentiation is cryptic and does not form a pedigree geographical structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gui
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lan Mu
- Department of Parasitology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jing-Feng Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Shao-Yin Fu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, 010031, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Si
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Fernando DD, Fischer K. Proteases and pseudoproteases in parasitic arthropods of clinical importance. FEBS J 2020; 287:4284-4299. [PMID: 32893448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic arthropods feed on blood or skin tissue and share comparable repertoires of proteases involved in haematophagy, digestion, egg development and immunity. While proteolytically active proteases of multiple classes dominate, an increasing number of pseudoproteases have been discovered that have no proteolytic function but are pharmacologically active biomolecules, evolved to carry out alternative functions as regulatory, antihaemostatic, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory compounds. In this review, we provide an overview of proteases and pseudoproteases from clinically important arthropod parasites. Many of these act in central biological pathways of parasite survival and host-parasite interaction and may be potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepani Darshika Fernando
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katja Fischer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Ghafar A, Khan A, Cabezas-Cruz A, Gauci CG, Niaz S, Ayaz S, Mateos-Hernández L, Galon C, Nasreen N, Moutailler S, Gasser RB, Jabbar A. An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091428. [PMID: 32957540 PMCID: PMC7563897 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated ticks and tick-borne microorganisms of small ruminants from five districts of the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan. Morphological (n = 104) and molecular (n = 54) characterization of the ticks revealed the presence of six ixodid ticks: Rhipicephalus (Rh.) haemaphysaloides, Rh. microplus, Rh. turanicus, Haemaphysalis (Hs.) punctata, Hs. sulcata and Hyalomma anatolicum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data for two mitochondrial (16S and cytochrome c oxidase 1) and one nuclear (second internal transcribed spacer) DNA regions provided strong support for the grouping of the six tick species identified in this study. Microfluidic real-time PCR, employing multiple pre-validated nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers, detected 11 potential pathogens and endosymbionts in 72.2% of the ticks (n = 54) tested. Rickettsia (R.) massiliae was the most common pathogen found (42.6% of ticks) followed by Theileria spp. (33.3%), Anaplasma (A.) ovis and R. slovaca (25.9% each). Anaplasma centrale, A. marginale, Ehrlichia spp., R. aeschlimannii, R. conorii and endosymbionts (Francisella- and Coxiella-like) were detected at much lower rates (1.9–22.2%) in ticks. Ticks from goats (83.9%) carried significantly higher microorganisms than those from sheep (56.5%). This study demonstrates that ticks of small ruminants from the FATA are carrying multiple microorganisms of veterinary and medical health significance and provides the basis for future investigations of ticks and tick-borne diseases of animals and humans in this and neighboring regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ghafar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia; (A.G.); (A.K.); (C.G.G.); (R.B.G.)
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia; (A.G.); (A.K.); (C.G.G.); (R.B.G.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, The Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.C.-C.); (L.M.-H.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Charles G. Gauci
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia; (A.G.); (A.K.); (C.G.G.); (R.B.G.)
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, The Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Sultan Ayaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, The Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.C.-C.); (L.M.-H.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Clemence Galon
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.C.-C.); (L.M.-H.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Nasreen Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, The Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.A.); (N.N.)
| | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.C.-C.); (L.M.-H.); (C.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Robin B. Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia; (A.G.); (A.K.); (C.G.G.); (R.B.G.)
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee 3030, Victoria, Australia; (A.G.); (A.K.); (C.G.G.); (R.B.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Uribe JE, Nava S, Murphy KR, Tarragona EL, Castro LR. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Amblyomma ovale, comparative analyses and phylogenetic considerations. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:421-439. [PMID: 32564254 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced two complete mitochondrial genomes of Amblyomma ovale, a tick of public health importance. Sequencing two distinct individuals, the resulting mitochondrial genomes were 14,756 and 14,760 bp in length and maintained the same gene order previously reported in Amblyomma. These were combined with RNA-seq derived mitochondrial sequences from three additional species, Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma maculatum, and Amblyomma moreliae, to carry out mitogenome comparative and evolutionary analyses against all previously published tick mitochondrial genomes. We described a derivative genome rearrangement that isolates Ixodes from the remaining Ixodidae and consists of both a reverse translocation as well as an event of Tandem Duplication Random Loss. Genetic distance analyses indicated that cox2, nd1, nd5, and 16S are good candidates for future population studies in A. ovale. The phylogenetic analyses corroborated the utility of complete mitochondrial genomes as phylogenetic markers within the group. This study further supplements the genome information available for Amblyomma and facilitates future evolutionary and population genetic studies within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Uribe
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitutional Ave. NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
| | - Santiago Nava
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC 22, Rafaela, CP 2300, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Katherine R Murphy
- Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Evelina L Tarragona
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC 22, Rafaela, CP 2300, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lyda R Castro
- Grupo de Investigación Evolución, Sistemática y Ecología Molecular (GIESEMOL), Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia
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Camacho E, Rastrojo A, Sanchiz Á, González-de la Fuente S, Aguado B, Requena JM. Leishmania Mitochondrial Genomes: Maxicircle Structure and Heterogeneity of Minicircles. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100758. [PMID: 31561572 PMCID: PMC6826401 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is present in almost all eukaryotic organisms, is a useful marker for phylogenetic studies due to its relative high conservation and its inheritance manner. In Leishmania and other trypanosomatids, the mtDNA (also referred to as kinetoplast DNA or kDNA) is composed of thousands of minicircles and a few maxicircles, catenated together into a complex network. Maxicircles are functionally similar to other eukaryotic mtDNAs, whereas minicircles are involved in RNA editing of some maxicircle-encoded transcripts. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly used for assembling nuclear genomes and, currently, a large number of genomic sequences are available. However, most of the time, the mitochondrial genome is ignored in the genome assembly processes. The aim of this study was to develop a pipeline to assemble Leishmania minicircles and maxicircle DNA molecules, exploiting the raw data generated in the NGS projects. As a result, the maxicircle molecules and the plethora of minicircle classes for Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis have been characterized. We have observed that whereas the heterogeneity of minicircle sequences existing in a single cell hampers their use for Leishmania typing and classification, maxicircles emerge as an extremely robust genetic marker for taxonomic studies within the clade of kinetoplastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Camacho
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Rastrojo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - África Sanchiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sandra González-de la Fuente
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Begoña Aguado
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose M Requena
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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