1
|
Toh SY, Leong HS, Chong FT, Rodrigues-Junior DM, Ren MJ, Kwang XL, Lau DPX, Lee PH, Vettore AL, Teh BT, Tan DSW, Iyer NG. Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicular EGFR isoform D as a co-drug to target squamous cell cancers with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00442-8. [PMID: 39089249 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Targeting wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) never achieved its purported success in cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which are largely EGFR-dependent. We had previously shown that exceptional responders to TKIs have a genetic aberration that results in overexpression of an EGFR splice variant, isoform D (IsoD). IsoD lacks an integral transmembrane and kinase domain and is secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in TKI-sensitive patient-derived cultures. Remarkably, the exquisite sensitivity to TKIs could be transferred to TKI-resistant tumor cells, and IsoD protein in the EV is necessary and sufficient to transfer the phenotype in vitro and in vivo across multiple models and drugs. This drug response requires an intact endocytic mechanism, binding to full-length EGFR, and signaling through Src-phosphorylation within the endosomal compartment. We propose a therapeutic strategy using EVs containing EGFR IsoD as a co-drug to expand the use of TKI therapy to EGFR-driven cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yon Toh
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Sun Leong
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fui Teen Chong
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Meng Jie Ren
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Lin Kwang
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawn P X Lau
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po-Hsien Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre Luiz Vettore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Academic Clinical Program in Oncology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiablaem K, Jinawath A, Nuanpirom J, Arora JK, Nasaree S, Thanomchard T, Singhto N, Chittavanich P, Suktitipat B, Charoensawan V, Chairoungdua A, Jinn-Chyuan Sheu J, Kiyotani K, Svasti J, Nakamura Y, Jinawath N. Identification of RNF213 as a Potential Suppressor of Local Invasion in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102074. [PMID: 38723854 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a lethal cancer with poor survival especially when it spreads. The histopathology of its rare intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct type (IPNB) characteristically shows cancer cells originating within the confined bile duct space. These cells eventually invade and infiltrate the nearby liver tissues, making it a good model to study the mechanism of local invasion, which is the earliest step of metastasis. To discover potential suppressor genes of local invasion in ICC, we analyzed the somatic mutation profiles and performed clonal evolution analyses of the 11 pairs of macrodissected locally invasive IPNB tissues (LI-IPNB) and IPNB tissues without local invasion from the same patients. We identified a protein-truncating variant in an E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF213 (c.6967C>T; p.Gln2323X; chr17: 78,319,102 [hg19], exon 29), as the most common protein-truncating variant event in LI-IPNB samples (4/11 patients). Knockdown of RNF213 in HuCCT1 and YSCCC cells showed increased migration and invasion, and reduced vasculogenic mimicry but maintained normal proliferation. Transcriptomic analysis of the RNF213-knockdown vs control cells was then performed in the HuCCT1, YSCCC, and KKU-100 cells. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the common differentially expressed genes revealed significantly altered cytokine and oxidoreductase-oxidizing metal ion activities, as confirmed by Western blotting. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified the most enriched pathways being oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis. In sum, loss-of-function mutation of RNF213 is a common genetic alteration in LI-IPNB tissues. RNF213 knockdown leads to increased migration and invasion of ICC cells, potentially through malfunctions of the pathways related to inflammation and energy metabolisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khajeelak Chiablaem
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Artit Jinawath
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Nuanpirom
- Integrative Computational Bioscience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jantarika Kumar Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Nasaree
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanastha Thanomchard
- Ramathibodi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nilubon Singhto
- Ramathibodi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pamorn Chittavanich
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bhoom Suktitipat
- Integrative Computational Bioscience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Integrative Computational Bioscience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Siriraj Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Integrative Computational Bioscience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cai J, Qiao Y, Chen L, Lu Y, Zheng D. Regulation of the Notch signaling pathway by natural products for cancer therapy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109483. [PMID: 37848105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that modulates normal biological processes involved in cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal in a context-dependent fashion. Attributed to its pleiotropic physiological roles, both overexpression and silencing of the pathway are associated with the emergence, progression, and poorer prognosis in various types of cancer. To decrease disease incidence and promote survival, targeting Notch may have chemopreventive and anti-cancer effects. Natural products with profound historical origins have distinguished themselves from other therapies due to their easy access, high biological compatibility, low toxicity, and reliable effects at specific physiological sites in vivo. This review describes the Notch signaling pathway, particularly its normal activation process, and some main illnesses related to Notch signaling pathway dysregulation. Emphasis is placed on the effects and mechanisms of natural products targeting the Notch signaling pathway in diverse cancer types, including curcumin, ellagic acid (EA), resveratrol, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, and xanthohumol and so on. Existing evidence indicates that natural products are feasible solution to fight against cancer by targeting Notch signaling, either alone or in combination with current therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Cai
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yajie Qiao
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lingbin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hurník P, Režnarová J, Chyra Z, Motyka O, Putnová BM, Čermáková Z, Blažek T, Fománek M, Gaykalova D, Buchtová M, Ševčíková T, Štembírek J. Enhancing oral squamous cell carcinoma prediction: the prognostic power of the worst pattern of invasion and the limited impact of molecular resection margins. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1287650. [PMID: 38188288 PMCID: PMC10766711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1287650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) originates from the mucosal lining of the oral cavity. Almost half of newly diagnosed cases are classified as advanced stage IV disease, which makes resection difficult. In this study, we investigated the pathological features and mutation profiles of tumor margins in OSCC. Methods We performed hierarchical clustering of principal components to identify distinct patterns of tumor growth and their association with patient prognosis. We also used next-generation sequencing to analyze somatic mutations in tumor and marginal tissue samples. Results Our analyses uncovered that the grade of worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) is strongly associated with depth of invasion and patient survival in multivariable analysis. Mutations were primarily detected in the DNA isolated from tumors, but several mutations were also identified in marginal tissue. In total, we uncovered 29 mutated genes, mainly tumor suppressor genes involved in DNA repair including BRCA genes; however none of these mutations significantly correlated with a higher chance of relapse in our medium-size cohort. Some resection margins that appeared histologically normal harbored tumorigenic mutations in TP53 and CDKN2A genes. Conclusion Even histologically normal margins may contain molecular alterations that are not detectable by conventional histopathological methods, but NCCN classification system still outperforms other methods in the prediction of the probability of disease relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hurník
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Režnarová
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Oldřich Motyka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Barbora Moldovan Putnová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Čermáková
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Blažek
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Martin Fománek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Daria Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jan Štembírek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim S, Lee C, Kim H, Yoon SO. Genetic characteristics of advanced oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young patients. Oral Oncol 2023; 144:106466. [PMID: 37393663 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate genetic alterations in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) based on age and the clinical significance of these alterations in young OTSCC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We detected genetic alterations in 44 cases of advanced OTSCC through next-generation sequencing and analyzed and compared patients either younger or older than 45 years. Further analysis was conducted on a validation group of 96 OTSCC patients aged ≤ 45 years to examine the clinical and prognostic associations of TERT promoter (TERTp) mutations. RESULTS TP53 mutation was the most common genetic alteration in advanced OTSCC (88.6%), followed by TERTp mutation (59.1%), CDKN2A mutation (31.8%), FAT1 mutation (9.1%), NOTCH1 mutation (9.1%), EGFR amplification (18.2%), and CDKN2A homozygous deletion (4.5%). TERTp mutation was the only genetic alteration significantly enriched in young patients (81.3% in young versus 46.4% in older; P < 0.024). Within the validation group of young patients, TERTp mutation was identified in 30 cases (30/96, 31.3%) and tended to be related to both smoking and alcohol consumption (P = 0.072), higher stage (P = 0.002), more frequent perineural invasion (P = 0.094), and worse overall survival (P = 0.012) than wild type. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TERTp mutation is more frequent in young patients with advanced OTSCC and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, TERTp mutation may serve as a prognostic biomarker for OTSCC in young patients. The findings of this study may help in developing personalized treatment strategies for OTSCC based on age and genetic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyangmi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Och Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin LH, Chang KW, Cheng HW, Liu CJ. Identification of Somatic Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA from Patients with Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10408. [PMID: 37373553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires an understanding of its genomic alterations. Liquid biopsies, especially cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis, are a minimally invasive technique used for genomic profiling. We conducted comprehensive whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 50 paired OSCC cell-free plasma with whole blood samples using multiple mutation calling pipelines and filtering criteria. Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) was used to validate somatic mutations. Mutation burden and mutant genes were correlated to clinico-pathological parameters. The plasma mutation burden of cfDNA was significantly associated with clinical staging and distant metastasis status. The genes TTN, PLEC, SYNE1, and USH2A were most frequently mutated in OSCC, and known driver genes, including KMT2D, LRP1B, TRRAP, and FLNA, were also significantly and frequently mutated. Additionally, the novel mutated genes CCDC168, HMCN2, STARD9, and CRAMP1 were significantly and frequently present in patients with OSCC. The mutated genes most frequently found in patients with metastatic OSCC were RORC, SLC49A3, and NUMBL. Further analysis revealed that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, and the hypoxia-related pathway were associated with OSCC prognosis. Choline metabolism in cancer, O-glycan biosynthesis, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway were associated with distant metastatic status. About 20% of tumors carried at least one aberrant event in BCAA catabolism signaling that could possibly be targeted by an approved therapeutic agent. We identified molecular-level OSCC that were correlated with etiology and prognosis while defining the landscape of major altered events of the OSCC plasma genome. These findings will be useful in the design of clinical trials for targeted therapies and the stratification of patients with OSCC according to therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung San N. Rd., Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11121, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung San N. Rd., Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung San N. Rd., Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brandt A, Thiele B, Schultheiß C, Daetwyler E, Binder M. Circulating Tumor DNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072051. [PMID: 37046721 PMCID: PMC10093741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors shed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the plasma. “Liquid biopsies” are a diagnostic test to analyze cfDNA in order to detect minimal residual cancer, profile the genomic tumor landscape, and monitor cancers non-invasively over time. This technique may be useful in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to genetic tumor heterogeneity and limitations in imaging sensitivity. However, there are technical challenges that need to be overcome for the widespread use of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of these patients. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of HNSCC genetics and the role of cfDNA genomic analyses as an emerging precision diagnostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brandt
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thiele
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eveline Daetwyler
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mascha Binder
- Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-612-655-074; Fax: +41-612-655-316
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quah HS, Cao EY, Suteja L, Li CH, Leong HS, Chong FT, Gupta S, Arcinas C, Ouyang JF, Ang V, Celhar T, Zhao Y, Tay HC, Chan J, Takahashi T, Tan DSW, Biswas SK, Rackham OJL, Iyer NG. Single cell analysis in head and neck cancer reveals potential immune evasion mechanisms during early metastasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1680. [PMID: 36973261 PMCID: PMC10042873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Profiling tumors at single-cell resolution provides an opportunity to understand complexities underpinning lymph-node metastases in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. Single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) analysis of cancer-cell trajectories identifies a subpopulation of pre-metastatic cells, driven by actionable pathways including AXL and AURK. Blocking these two proteins blunts tumor invasion in patient-derived cultures. Furthermore, scRNAseq analyses of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T-lymphocytes show two distinct trajectories to T-cell dysfunction, corroborated by their clonal architecture based on single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing. By determining key modulators of these trajectories, followed by validation using external datasets and functional experiments, we uncover a role for SOX4 in mediating T-cell exhaustion. Finally, interactome analyses between pre-metastatic tumor cells and CD8 + T-lymphocytes uncover a putative role for the Midkine pathway in immune-modulation and this is confirmed by scRNAseq of tumors from humanized mice. Aside from specific findings, this study demonstrates the importance of tumor heterogeneity analyses in identifying key vulnerabilities during early metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Quah
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Oncology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Yiqun Cao
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisda Suteja
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Constance H Li
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Oncology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Sun Leong
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fui Teen Chong
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Camille Arcinas
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Oncology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teja Celhar
- HuNIT platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunqian Zhao
- HuNIT platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Chen Tay
- HuNIT platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Oncology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- The Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Academic Clinical Program in Oncology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su CC, Lin JW, Chang KY, Wu CT, Liu SH, Chang KC, Liu JM, Lee KI, Fang KM, Chen YW. Involvement of AMPKα and MAPK-ERK/-JNK Signals in Docetaxel-Induced Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213857. [PMID: 36430348 PMCID: PMC9696237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the oral cavity can develop in the anatomic area extending from the lip, gum, tongue, mouth, and to the palate. Histologically, about 85-90% of oral cavity cancers are of the type squamous cells carcinomas (SCCs). The incidence of oral tongue SCC is higher in the tongue than any other anatomic area of the oral cavity. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of docetaxel, which is a paclitaxel antitumor agent, on the cell growth of a human tongue SCC-derived SAS cell line. The results showed that docetaxel (10-300 nM) induced cytotoxicity and caspase-3 activity in SAS cells. Moreover, docetaxel (100 nM) promoted the expression of apoptosis-related signaling molecules, including the cleavages of caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In mitochondria, docetaxel (100 nM) decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression and increased cytosolic cytochrome c protein expression and Bax mRNA and protein expression. In terms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, docetaxel increased the expression of phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-AMPKα protein expression but not p-p38 protein expression. Moreover, the increase in caspase-3/-7 activity and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and MMP depolarization observed in docetaxel-treated SAS cells could be reversed by treatment with either SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), PD98059 (an MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2) inhibitor), or compound c (an AMPK inhibitor). The docetaxel-induced increases in p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-AMPKα protein expression could also be reversed by treatment with either SP600125, PD98059, or compound c. These results indicate that docetaxel induces human tongue SCC cell apoptosis via interdependent MAPK-JNK, MAPK-ERK1/2, and AMPKα signaling pathways. Our results show that docetaxel could possibly exert a potent pharmacological effect on human oral tongue SCC cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Wei Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yao Chang
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chih Chang
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-M.F.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-M.F.); (Y.-W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baba D, Matsuura K, Wakabayashi M, Morishita Y, Nishiya Y, Okano W, Tomioka T, Shinozaki T, Hayashi R. Comparison between three age-stratified cohorts reveals poor prognosis of young patients with tongue carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959749. [PMID: 36119483 PMCID: PMC9480824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Investigation of the prognosis of young patients with tongue carcinoma has been the focus of several recent studies aimed at improving future precision treatment. Most studies have been two-cohort investigations comparing young and older patients, who have wide discrepancies in prognosis. Older patients, especially those aged >70 years, often have a poor general condition. This affects the prognosis of the older cohort and accounts for the discrepancies observed in two-cohort studies. Accordingly, in this study, older patients (aged ≥71 years) were separated and compared to young and middle-aged patients. Methods A total of 257 patients with oral tongue carcinoma referred during 2011–2017 were analyzed. Patients were sorted into young (aged ≤40 years), middle-aged (aged ≥41 and ≤70 years), and older (aged ≥71 years) groups. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared among the groups. Furthermore, patterns of recurrence rates were compared. Results Compared with young patients, there was no difference in OS or DFS for older patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–2.7 and HR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.4–1.2, respectively) in a multivariate analysis. There was also no difference in OS (HR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–1.3) for middle-aged patients. However, middle-aged patients had low recurrence rates (HR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8). With respect to the recurrence type, middle-aged patients had a low local recurrence rate (HR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Conclusion Three-cohort studies should be conducted to evaluate whether the prognosis of young patients with tongue carcinoma is truly poor in terms of future precision treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Baba
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Baba,
| | - Kazuto Matsuura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masashi Wakabayashi
- Department of Statistical Analysis, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yohei Morishita
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Nishiya
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Wataru Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomioka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shinozaki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hayashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Histologically resolved multiomics enables precise molecular profiling of human intratumor heterogeneity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001699. [PMID: 35776767 PMCID: PMC9282480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the composition of cell types and their spatial distribution in a tissue play a critical role in cellular function, organ development, and disease progression. For example, intratumor heterogeneity and the distribution of transcriptional and genetic events in single cells drive the genesis and development of cancer. However, it can be challenging to fully characterize the molecular profile of cells in a tissue with high spatial resolution because microscopy has limited ability to extract comprehensive genomic information, and the spatial resolution of genomic techniques tends to be limited by dissection. There is a growing need for tools that can be used to explore the relationship between histological features, gene expression patterns, and spatially correlated genomic alterations in healthy and diseased tissue samples. Here, we present a technique that combines label-free histology with spatially resolved multiomics in unfixed and unstained tissue sections. This approach leverages stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to provide chemical contrast that reveals histological tissue architecture, allowing for high-resolution in situ laser microdissection of regions of interests. These microtissue samples are then processed for DNA and RNA sequencing to identify unique genetic profiles that correspond to distinct anatomical regions. We demonstrate the capabilities of this technique by mapping gene expression and copy number alterations to histologically defined regions in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our approach provides complementary insights in tumorigenesis and offers an integrative tool for macroscale cancer tissues with spatial multiomics assessments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Early-onset oral cancer as a clinical entity: aetiology and pathogenesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 51:1497-1509. [PMID: 35487818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most important medical and socio-economic problems in many of the developed countries worldwide, due to the high mortality. The incidence of OSCC among individuals under 45 years of age is growing every year; however, the aetiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. This review summarizes the available information regarding clinicopathological features, extrinsic and intrinsic aetiological factors, and the molecular and immune landscape of early-onset OSCC. This cancer shows high recurrence rates and is not associated with the aetiological factors specific to adult-onset OSCC. Young adults with OSCC are not infected with human papillomavirus and rarely consume alcohol or tobacco, but more frequently use smokeless tobacco. Data from single studies indicate the hereditary nature of early-onset OSCC: the KIR2DL1+-HLA-C2+ genotype and MMP-1 2 G allele are frequently detected in young patients. Early-onset OSCC shows specific genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes. The tumour microenvironment in early-onset OSCC is tolerogenic rather than immunogenic. All of the data suggest that OSCC in young patients is a separate clinical entity with a specific aetiology and pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to reveal the causes and molecular targets of early-onset OSCC for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin LH, Chou CH, Cheng HW, Chang KW, Liu CJ. Precise Identification of Recurrent Somatic Mutations in Oral Cancer Through Whole-Exome Sequencing Using Multiple Mutation Calling Pipelines. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741626. [PMID: 34912705 PMCID: PMC8666431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic alterations in oral carcinogenesis remains crucial for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To unveil the mutational spectrum, in this study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES), using six mutation calling pipelines and multiple filtering criteria applied to 50 paired OSCC samples. The tumor mutation burden extracted from the data set of somatic variations was significantly associated with age, tumor staging, and survival. Several genes (MUC16, MUC19, KMT2D, TTN, HERC2) with a high frequency of false positive mutations were identified. Moreover, known (TP53, FAT1, EPHA2, NOTCH1, CASP8, and PIK3CA) and novel (HYDIN, ALPK3, ASXL1, USP9X, SKOR2, CPLANE1, STARD9, and NSD2) genes have been found to be significantly and frequently mutated in OSCC. Further analysis of gene alteration status with clinical parameters revealed that canonical pathways, including clathrin-mediated endocytotic signaling, NFκB signaling, PEDF signaling, and calcium signaling were associated with OSCC prognosis. Defining a catalog of targetable genomic alterations showed that 58% of the tumors carried at least one aberrant event that may potentially be targeted by approved therapeutic agents. We found molecular OSCC subgroups which were correlated with etiology and prognosis while defining the landscape of major altered events in the coding regions of OSCC genomes. These findings provide information that will be helpful in the design of clinical trials on targeted therapies and in the stratification of patients with OSCC according to therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Osawa Y, Aoyama KI, Hosomichi K, Uchibori M, Tajima A, Kimura M, Ota Y. Somatic mutations in oral squamous cell carcinomas in 98 Japanese patients and their clinical implications. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100456. [PMID: 34563788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The somatic mutational profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among Japanese patients has been less investigated, partly because of the rarity of the tumor. Moreover, previous studies have either used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples or lacked paired normal tissues. We aimed to determine somatic mutations in the exomes of 76 genes, including 50 driver genes of solid cancers and NOTCH-related genes, some of which are previously reported as frequently mutated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used fresh-frozen tumor/normal-paired samples from 98 treatment-naïve Japanese patients with OSCC and analyzed their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. RESULTS We identified 136 exonic mutations, including 78 non-synonymous mutations, 13 synonymous mutations, 22 nonsense mutations, 2 non-frameshift deletions, 11 frameshift deletion, and 5 each of splice-site and frameshift insertions. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (36.7%), FAT1 (9.2%), NOTCH1 (8.2%), CDKN2A (7.1%), ZFHX4 (5.1%), CASP8 (4.1%), EP300 (4.1%), and KMT2D (4.1%). We followed up 90 of the 98 patients for 3 years. Among them, TP53 mutation was associated with significantly shorter 3-year disease-free survival. Most of the identified TP53 mutations occurred in the DNA-binding domain and were functionally deleterious. DISCUSSION Our findings and the mutation spectra can contribute to the development of a therapeutic strategy for Japanese patients with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Osawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine,143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aoyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine,143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uchibori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine,143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Kimura
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine,143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang YP, Liu IJ, Chen KC, Wu HC. NOTCH1 signaling promotes protein stability of HER3 through the AKT pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:59. [PMID: 34465724 PMCID: PMC8408252 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) remains the sole druggable molecular target other than the PD1/PD-L1 pathway with meaningful clinical benefit in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) confers the resistance to EGFR-targeted treatment in SCCHN. Thus, it is essential to determine the distribution and regulatory mechanisms of HER3 in SCCHN. We explored the prevalence of HER3 expression and its distribution within SCCHN by immunohistochemical staining and clinicopathological correlations were analyzed. The regulatory mechanism of HER3 expression was then dissected in vitro, using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation in a set of SCCHN cell lines. Subsequent in vivo validation in the murine model was also performed. We found that concomitant high expression of HER3 and its ligand NRG1 in SCCHN is associated with the increased presence of regional lymphatic metastasis and the majority of HER3 is located on the differentiated tumor cells. Further investigation revealed that HER3 is under positive control of NOTCH1 through transcriptional activation and inhibition of protein degradation through the polyubiquitination machinery via AKT pathway and USP8 deubiquitinating enzyme. In addition, loss of function of NOTCH1 suppresses HER3 expression through increased phosphorylation of serine 473 of AKT in SCCHN cells, and promotes the aggressiveness of the tumor cells. These data indicated that the level of HER3 is regulated by NOTCH1 in SCCHN both transcriptionally and post-translationally, and NOTCH1 is in a higher hierarchy in the regulatory system of the AKT pathway. Since NOTCH1 is inactivated in approximately 10% of SCCHN cases and this aberration strongly impacts the AKT pathway and diminishes HER3, exclusion of patients with NOTCH1-inactivated SCCHN may be beneficial for future clinical trials of HER3-targeting antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grigolato R, Accorona R, Lombardo G, Corrocher G, Garagiola U, Massari F, Nicoli S, Rossi S, Calabrese L. Oral cancer in non-smoker non-drinker patients. Could comparative pet oncology help to understand risk factors and pathogenesis? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 166:103458. [PMID: 34461267 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades there has been a progressive increase in proportion of incidence of oral cancer not related to a known etiologic factor, such as the so-called "oral cancer in young", a relevant tumor in non-smoker non-drinker (NSND) patients. The topic is matter of long standing debate, and adequate study models to analyze this entity are lacking. Spontaneous oral cancer in companion animals such as dogs and cats, presents more clinical and biological similarities with the human oral cancer than any other animal model. In our review we analyze how the study of spontaneous oral cancer in common pets can prospectively prove to be of double usefulness in unraveling the question about the origin of oral cancer in NSND patients, allowing both the analysis of environmental and behavioral risk factors, and the study of how carcinogenic viruses, chronic inflammation, and changes in immunity can influence pre-tumoral and tumoral microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grigolato
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Remo Accorona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrocher
- School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Calabrese
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, "San Maurizio" Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Liu Z, Zhou W, Liu X, Cao W. Downregulation of CCL22 and mutated NOTCH1 in tongue and mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma results in decreased Th2 cell recruitment and expression, predicting poor clinical outcome. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:922. [PMID: 34391381 PMCID: PMC8364714 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tongue and mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma (T/MF SCC) exhibits a high rate of local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis. The effect of the tumor microenvironment on T/MF SCC remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transcriptome and somatic mutation data of patients with T/MF SCC were obtained from HNSC projects of the Cancer Genome Atlas. Immune infiltration quantification in early- (clinical stage I-II) and advanced-stage (clinical stage III-IV) T/MF SCC was performed using single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and MCPcounter. Differentially expressed gene data were filtered, and their function was assessed through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression model were conducted to evaluate the survival of patients with the CCL22 signature. Maftools was used to present the overview of somatic mutations. RESULTS In T/MF SCC, T helper (Th)2 cell counts were significantly increased in patients with early-stage disease compared to those with advanced-stage disease. Expression of the Th2 cell-related chemokine, CCL22, was downregulated in patients with advanced-stage T/MF SCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that CCL22 was a good prognostic factor in T/MF SCC. A nomogram based on the expression of CCL22 was constructed to serve as a prognostic indicator for T/MF SCC. NOTCH1 mutations were found at a higher rate in patients with advanced-stage T/MF SCC than in those with early-stage T/MF SCC, resulting in the inhibition of the activation of the NOTCH1-Th2 cell differentiation pathway. The expression levels of CCL22, GATA-3, and IL4 were higher in patients with early-stage T/MF SCC than in those with advanced-stage T/MF SCC. CONCLUSION In T/MF SCC, high expression of CCL22 may promote the recruitment of Th2 cells and help predict a better survival. Mutations in NOTCH1 inhibit the differentiation of Th2 cells, facilitating tumor progression through a decrease in Th2 cell recruitment and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck, Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- National Center for stomatology, National Clinical Research Center For Oral diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck, Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- National Center for stomatology, National Clinical Research Center For Oral diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck, Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for stomatology, National Clinical Research Center For Oral diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pandey S, Søland TM, Bjerkli IH, Sand LP, Petersen FC, Costea DE, Senguven B, Sapkota D. Combined loss of expression of involucrin and cytokeratin 13 is associated with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of mobile tongue. Head Neck 2021; 43:3374-3385. [PMID: 34338386 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of expression levels of involucrin (IVL), cytokeratin (CK)-10 and -13 at different intratumor sites (tumor center and invading area) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS IVL, CK13 and CK10 expression levels were examined in a multicenter cohort of 146 OTSCCs using immunohistochemistry. External mRNA datasets were used for expression analysis and/or to validate survival associations. RESULTS External transcriptomic datasets showed downregulation of IVL and KRT13 in oral malignancies including OTSCC as compared to normal controls. The combined loss of IVL and CK13 expression at the invading core but not at the center core was significantly associated with poor differentiation and reduced 5-year overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed the loss of CK13 and IVL expression to be an independent prognostic factor. Transcriptomic dataset corroborated immunohistochemistry results. CONCLUSIONS Combined expression levlels of IVL and CK13 might be useful as prognostic biomarkers in OTSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Pandey
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tine Merete Søland
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Heidi Bjerkli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Tromsø Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Peter Sand
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Daniela Elena Costea
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Burcu Senguven
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Identification of Prognostic Genes in Neuroblastoma in Children by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:9987990. [PMID: 34354842 PMCID: PMC8331277 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9987990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor from the sympathetic nervous system, the most common extracranial tumor in children. Identifying potential prognostic markers of neuroblastoma can provide clues for early diagnosis, recurrence, and treatment. Methods RNA sequence data and clinical features of 147 neuroblastomas were obtained from the TARGET (Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments project) database. Application weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a free-scale gene coexpression network, to study the interrelationship between its potential modules and clinical features, and to identify hub genes in the module. We performed Lasso regression and Cox regression analyses to identify the three most important genes and develop a new prognostic model. Data from the GSE85047 cohort verified the predictive accuracy of the prognostic model. Results 14 coexpression modules were constructed using WGCNA. Brown coexpression modules were found to be significantly associated with disease survival status. Multivariate Cox analysis was performed on genes from univariate Cox regression and Lasso regression analyses using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Finally, we constructed a three-gene prognostic model: risk score = (0.003812659∗CKB) + (−0.152376975∗expDST) + (0.032032815∗expDUT). The prognosis of samples in the high-risk group was significantly poorer than that of samples in the low-risk group (P=1.225e − 06). The risk model was also regarded as an independent predictor of prognosis (HR = 1.632; 95% CI = 1.391–1.934; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our study constructed a neuroblastoma coexpressing gene module and identified a prognostic potential risk model for prognosis in neuroblastoma.
Collapse
|
20
|
Patel K, Bhat FA, Patil S, Routray S, Mohanty N, Nair B, Sidransky D, Ganesh MS, Ray JG, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Delineated by Tobacco Usage Habits. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660696. [PMID: 34136393 PMCID: PMC8200776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer of the oral cavity in India. Cigarette smoking and chewing tobacco are known risk factors associated with OSCC. However, genomic alterations in OSCC with varied tobacco consumption history are not well-characterized. In this study, we carried out whole-exome sequencing to characterize the mutational landscape of OSCC tumors from subjects with different tobacco consumption habits. We identified several frequently mutated genes, including TP53, NOTCH1, CASP8, RYR2, LRP2, CDKN2A, and ATM. TP53 and HRAS exhibited mutually exclusive mutation patterns. We identified recurrent amplifications in the 1q31, 7q35, 14q11, 22q11, and 22q13 regions and observed amplification of EGFR in 25% of samples with tobacco consumption history. We observed genomic alterations in several genes associated with PTK6 signaling. We observed alterations in clinically actionable targets including ERBB4, HRAS, EGFR, NOTCH1, NOTCH4, and NOTCH3. We observed enrichment of signature 29 in 40% of OSCC samples from tobacco chewers. Signature 15 associated with defective DNA mismatch repair was enriched in 80% of OSCC samples. NOTCH1 was mutated in 36% of samples and harbored truncating as well as missense variants. We observed copy number alterations in 67% of OSCC samples. Several genes associated with non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling were affected in OSCC. These molecules can serve as potential candidates for therapeutic targeting in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Firdous Ahmad Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha' O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha' O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Jay Gopal Ray
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.,Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kina S, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Miyamoto S, Arasaki A, Sunakawa H, Kinjo T. A molecular signature of well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma reveals a resistance mechanism to metronomic chemotherapy and novel therapeutic candidates. J Drug Target 2021; 29:1118-1127. [PMID: 33979258 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1929256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), accounts for approximately 10% of all HNSCCs and, while these cases are associated with good prognosis after surgery, these are resistant to chemotherapy. Here we designed a retrospective study to evaluate the effects of histological differentiation on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients undergoing surgery or metronomic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The metronomic neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival of patients with poorly or moderately differentiated tumour, but not those with well-differentiated tumour. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that FAT1 mutations were significantly enriched in more differentiated HNSCC while ASPM mutations were significantly enriched among the poorly differentiated HNSCC. Interestingly, Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated in well-differentiated HNSCC. Active β-catenin is translocated to the nucleus in the well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Wnt inhibitor, Wnt974, were synergistic with methotrexate in killing well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. TCGA data analyses reveal a signature in patients with well-differentiated HNSCC who have no benefits from metronomic neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that there might be novel nosology and therapeutic candidates for improving HNSCC patient survival. Well-differentiated OSCC is synergistically killed by combination chemotherapy with Wnt inhibitor, making it promising therapeutic candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Akira Arasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Hajime Sunakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Functional Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| | - Takao Kinjo
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Division of Morphological Pathology, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tagliabue M, Belloni P, De Berardinis R, Gandini S, Chu F, Zorzi S, Fumagalli C, Santoro L, Chiocca S, Ansarin M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic role of age in oral tongue cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2566-2578. [PMID: 33760398 PMCID: PMC8026930 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While evidence suggests an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in young adults, published findings regarding the prognostic role of age at diagnosis are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis of the literature to highlight key points that might help in understanding the association between age of oral tongue cancer patients at diagnosis and their prognosis. According to age at diagnosis, a systematic literature review of all published cohort studies assessing the recurrence risks and mortality associated with tongue cancer was conducted. We compared the risk estimates between patients aged >45 years and those aged <45 years at diagnosis. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRRs) according to different clinical outcomes and sources of between-study heterogeneity (I2 ) and bias. We included 31 independent cohort studies published between 1989 and 2019; these studies included a total of 28,288 patients. When risk estimations were not adjusted for confounders, no significant association was found between age at diagnosis and overall survival (OS). Conversely, after adjustment for confounders, older age at diagnosis was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. The difference between SRRs for adjusted and unadjusted estimates was significant (p < 0.01). Younger patients had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence. Younger patients with oral tongue cancer have better OS but a greater risk of recurrence than older patients. These findings should be validated in a large prospective cohort study which considers all confounders and prognostic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tagliabue
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Pietro Belloni
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Statistical SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - Rita De Berardinis
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Chu
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Zorzi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental OncologyIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Mohssen Ansarin
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryIEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moura ACD, Assad DX, Amorim Dos Santos J, Porto de Toledo I, Barra GB, Castilho RM, Squarize CH, Guerra ENS. Worldwide prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway mutations in head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103284. [PMID: 33675910 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the prevalence of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway mutations in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Overall, 105 studies comprising 8630 patients and 1306 mutations were selected. The estimated mutations prevalence was 13 % for PIK3CA (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 11-14; I2 = 82 %; p < 0.0001), 4% for PTEN (95 % CI = 3-5; I2 = 55 %; p < 0.0001), 3% for MTOR (95 % CI = 2-4; I2 = 5%; p = 0.40), and 2% for AKT (95 % CI = 1-2; I2 = 50 %; p = 0.0001). We further stratified the available data of the participants according to risk factors and tumor characteristics, including HPV infection, tobacco use, alcohol exposure, TNM stage, and histological tumor differentiation, and performed subgroup analysis. We identified significant associations between PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-associated mutations and advanced TNM stage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.20; 95 % CI = 0.09-0.44; I² = 71 %; p = 0.0001) and oropharyngeal HPV-positive tumors and PIK3CA mutations (OR = 17.48; 95 % CI = 4.20-72.76; I² = 69 %; p < 0.0002). No associations were found between alcohol and tobacco exposure, and tumor differentiation grade. This SR demonstrated that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway emerges as a potential prognostic factor and could offer a molecular basis for future studies on therapeutic targeting in HNC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Castelo de Moura
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB-UnB/Ebserh), Brasília, DF, Brazil; Hospital Santa Lúcia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniele Xavier Assad
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Amorim Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabela Porto de Toledo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Barcelos Barra
- Sabin Medicina Diagnóstica, SAAN Quadra 03 Lotes 145/185, Brasília, 70632-340, DF, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry. Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry. Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Division of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry. Ann Arbor, 48109-1078, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alsofyani AA, Dallol A, Farraj SA, Alsiary RA, Samkari A, Alhaj-Hussain BT, Khan JA, Al-Maghrabi J, Al-Khayyat SS, Alkhatabi H, Elaimi A, Buhmeida A, Johargy AK, Abuzenadah AM, Azhar EI, Al-Qahtani MH. Molecular characterisation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma reveals key variants potentially linked to clinical outcomes. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:213-220. [PMID: 32250288 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by frequent recurrence, poor survival with relatively few therapeutic options due to the late diagnosis in many cases. OBJECTIVES Understanding the molecular pathways underlying OTSCC tumourigenesis and the discovery of diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. METHODS We performed high-throughput mutational analysis of 44 OTSCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cases using the Cancer Hotspots Panel (CHP) v2 on the Ion Torrent™platform. We determined the frequency of human papilloma virus (HPV) using PCR and Epstein bar virus (EBV) positivity using immunohistochemistry. As a control for EBV infection we screened matched non-tumourous tissues. RESULTS Sequencing analysis identified missense, nonsense and frameshift mutations in TP53 (66%), PIK3CA (27%), CDKN2A (25%), EGFR (18%), and PTEN (14%). Interestingly, no significant associations were found between damaging mutations and clinicopathological data. A total of 10/44 of the OTSCC samples (23%) tested was positive for HPV18 DNA. OTSCC patients with positive HPV infection had worse overall survival compared to HPV-negative cases as determined by Kaplan-Meier survival (p= 0.023). Furthermore, EBNA1 expression showed a strong tumour-enriched expression pattern in 20 out of 21 samples (95%) in the epithelial compartments of the tissues analysed. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study highlights that the two most common events in OTSCC are TP53 mutations and EBV positivity. Helping to understand the contribution of TP53 mutations and EBV infection events could serve as useful biomarkers for OTSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Alsofyani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saudbin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha A Farraj
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawiah A Alsiary
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center and King Saudbin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Samkari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa T Alhaj-Hussain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalaluddin Azam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Heba Alkhatabi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Elaimi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Khalid Johargy
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Context Matters: NOTCH Signatures and Pathway in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010094. [PMID: 33430387 PMCID: PMC7827494 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a critical player in embryogenesis but also plays various roles in tumorigenesis, with both tumor suppressor and oncogenic activities. Mutations, deletions, amplifications, or over-expression of Notch receptors, ligands, and a growing list of downstream Notch-activated genes have by now been described for most human cancer types. Yet, it often remains unclear what may be the functional impact of these changes for tumor biology, initiation, and progression, for cancer therapy, and for personalized medicine. Emerging data indicate that Notch signaling can also contribute to increased aggressive properties such as invasion, tumor heterogeneity, angiogenesis, or tumor cell dormancy within solid cancer tissues; especially in epithelial cancers, which are in the center of this review. Notch further supports the “stemness” of cancer cells and helps define the stem cell niche for their long-term survival, by integrating the interaction between cancer cells and the cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The complexity of Notch crosstalk with other signaling pathways and its roles in cell fate and trans-differentiation processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) point to this pathway as a decisive player that may tip the balance between tumor suppression and promotion, differentiation and invasion. Here we not only review the literature, but also explore genomic databases with a specific focus on Notch signatures, and how they relate to different stages in tumor development. Altered Notch signaling hereby plays a key role for tumor cell survival and coping with a broad spectrum of vital issues, contributing to failed therapies, poor patient outcome, and loss of lives.
Collapse
|
26
|
Shah PA, Huang C, Li Q, Kazi SA, Byers LA, Wang J, Johnson FM, Frederick MJ. NOTCH1 Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122677. [PMID: 33322834 PMCID: PMC7764697 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker-driven targeted therapies are lacking for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which is common and lethal. Efforts to develop such therapies are hindered by a genomic landscape dominated by the loss of tumor suppressor function, including NOTCH1 that is frequently mutated in HNSCC. Clearer understanding of NOTCH1 signaling in HNSCCs is crucial to clinically targeting this pathway. Structural characterization of NOTCH1 mutations in HNSCC demonstrates that most are predicted to cause loss of function, in agreement with NOTCH1's role as a tumor suppressor in this cancer. Experimental manipulation of NOTCH1 signaling in HNSCC cell lines harboring either mutant or wild-type NOTCH1 further supports a tumor suppressor function. Additionally, the loss of NOTCH1 signaling can drive HNSCC tumorigenesis and clinical aggressiveness. Our recent data suggest that NOTCH1 controls genes involved in early differentiation that could have different phenotypic consequences depending on the cancer's genetic background, including acquisition of pseudo-stem cell-like properties. The presence of NOTCH1 mutations may predict response to treatment with an immune checkpoint or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. The latter is being tested in a clinical trial, and if validated, it may lead to the development of the first biomarker-driven targeted therapy for HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja A. Shah
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Chenfei Huang
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.H.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Qiuli Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Sawad A. Kazi
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Lauren A. Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jing Wang
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Faye M. Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.A.S.); (L.A.B.)
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713–792-6363; Fax: +1-713-792-1220
| | - Mitchell J. Frederick
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.H.); (M.J.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bahethi RR, Stepan KO, Pinotti R, Li R, Agrawal N, Puram SV, Miles BA, Barber B. Genetic Mutations in Young Nonsmoking Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review. OTO Open 2020; 4:2473974X20970181. [PMID: 33210069 PMCID: PMC7643225 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x20970181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This investigation aims to review the known genetic mutations associated with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) in young adults with limited environmental risk factors (YLERs). Data Sources A comprehensive search strategy was designed to identify studies in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus from database inception to May 2017 that included adults ≤50 years of age with OCSCC and minimal tobacco use history (≤10 pack-years) who had their tumors genetically sequenced or mutational profiles analyzed. Review Methods Identified articles were screened by 2 reviewers. Quality of evidence was graded by the MINORS criteria for case-control studies; other studies were graded by assigning a level of evidence for gene mutation literature. Results Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria, and 130 patients met our criteria for age and tobacco history. TP53 was the most commonly evaluated gene (10 of 13 studies) and the most frequently observed mutation. One study reported that nonsmokers had significantly fewer TP53 mutations, while 9 studies found no difference in the prevalence of TP53 mutations. No other mutations were found specific to this cohort. Conclusions TP53 mutations may occur at a similar rate in YLERs with OCSCC as compared with older patients or those with risk factors. However, few studies have aimed to characterize the genetic landscape of oral cavity tumors in this population, often with small sample sizes. Future studies are needed to explore unidentified genetic alterations leading to tumor susceptibility or alternative mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini R Bahethi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katelyn O Stepan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Pinotti
- Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy Library, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brett A Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Barber
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sequeira I, Rashid M, Tomás IM, Williams MJ, Graham TA, Adams DJ, Vigilante A, Watt FM. Genomic landscape and clonal architecture of mouse oral squamous cell carcinomas dictate tumour ecology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5671. [PMID: 33168804 PMCID: PMC7652942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish whether 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide-induced carcinogenesis mirrors the heterogeneity of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we have performed genomic analysis of mouse tongue lesions. The mutational signatures of human and mouse OSCC overlap extensively. Mutational burden is higher in moderate dysplasias and invasive SCCs than in hyperplasias and mild dysplasias, although mutations in p53, Notch1 and Fat1 occur in early lesions. Laminin-α3 mutations are associated with tumour invasiveness and Notch1 mutant tumours have an increased immune infiltrate. Computational modelling of clonal dynamics indicates that high genetic heterogeneity may be a feature of those mild dysplasias that are likely to progress to more aggressive tumours. These studies provide a foundation for exploring OSCC evolution, heterogeneity and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inês M Tomás
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marc J Williams
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alessandra Vigilante
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Campbell BR, Chen Z, Faden DL, Agrawal N, Li RJ, Hanna GJ, Iyer NG, Boot A, Rozen SG, Vettore AL, Panda B, Krishnan NM, Pickering CR, Myers JN, Guo X, Lang Kuhs KA. The mutational landscape of early- and typical-onset oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2020; 127:544-553. [PMID: 33146897 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is increasing among younger birth cohorts. The etiology of early-onset OTSCC (diagnosed before the age of 50 years) and cancer driver genes remain largely unknown. METHODS The Sequencing Consortium of Oral Tongue Cancer was established through the pooling of somatic mutation data of oral tongue cancer specimens (n = 227 [107 early-onset cases]) from 7 studies and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Somatic mutations at microsatellite loci and Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer mutation signatures were identified. Cancer driver genes were identified with the MutSigCV and WITER algorithms. Mutation comparisons between early- and typical-onset OTSCC were evaluated via linear regression with adjustments for patient-related factors. RESULTS Two novel driver genes (ATXN1 and CDC42EP1) and 5 previously reported driver genes (TP53, CDKN2A, CASP8, NOTCH1, and FAT1) were identified. Six recurrent mutations were identified, with 4 occurring in TP53. Early-onset OTSCC had significantly fewer nonsilent mutations even after adjustments for tobacco use. No associations of microsatellite locus mutations and mutation signatures with the age of OTSCC onset were observed. CONCLUSIONS This international, multicenter consortium is the largest study to characterize the somatic mutational landscape of OTSCC and the first to suggest differences by age of onset. This study validates multiple previously identified OTSCC driver genes and proposes 2 novel cancer driver genes. In analyses by age, early-onset OTSCC had a significantly smaller somatic mutational burden that was not explained by differences in tobacco use. LAY SUMMARY This study identifies 7 specific areas in the human genetic code that could be responsible for promoting the development of tongue cancer. Tongue cancer in young patients (under the age of 50 years) has fewer overall changes to the genetic code in comparison with tongue cancer in older patients, but the authors do not think that this is due to differences in smoking rates between the 2 groups. The cause of increasing cases of tongue cancer in young patients remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Campbell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel L Faden
- Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan J Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Head and Neck Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven G Rozen
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre L Vettore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Binay Panda
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Krystle A Lang Kuhs
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang H, Song Y, Du Z, Li X, Zhang J, Chen S, Chen F, Li T, Zhan Q. Exome sequencing identifies new somatic alterations and mutation patterns of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. J Pathol 2020; 251:353-364. [PMID: 32432340 DOI: 10.1002/path.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is an aggressive group of tumors characterized by high rates of regional lymph node metastasis and local recurrence. Emerging evidence has revealed genetic variations of TSCC across different geographical regions due to the impact of multiple risk factors such as chewing betel-quid. However, we know little of the mutational processes of TSCC in the Chinese population without the history of chewing betel-quid/tobacco. To explore the mutational spectrum of this disease, we performed whole-exome sequencing of sample pairs, comprising tumors and normal tissue, from 82 TSCC patients. In addition to identifying seven previously known TSCC-associated genes (TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, ASXL1, USH2A, and CSMD3), the analysis revealed six new genes (GNAQ, PRG4, RP1, ZNF16, NBEA, and PTPRC) that had not been reported previously in TSCC. Our in vitro experiments identified ZNF16 for the first time as a solid tumor associated gene to promote malignancy of TSCC cells. We also identified a microRNA (miR-585-5p) encoded by the 5q35.1 region and characterized it as a tumor suppressor by targeting SOX9. At least one non-silent mutation of genes involved in the 10 canonical oncogenic pathways (Notch, RTK-RAS, PI3K, Wnt, Cell cycle, p53, Myc, Hippo, TGFβ, and Nrf2) was found in 82.9% of cases. Collectively, our data extend the spectrum of TSCC mutations and define novel diagnosis markers and potential clinical targets for TSCC. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenglin Du
- China National Center for Bioinformation & National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.,Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, PR China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Boot A, Ng AWT, Chong FT, Ho SC, Yu W, Tan DSW, Iyer NG, Rozen SG. Characterization of colibactin-associated mutational signature in an Asian oral squamous cell carcinoma and in other mucosal tumor types. Genome Res 2020; 30:803-813. [PMID: 32661091 PMCID: PMC7370881 DOI: 10.1101/gr.255620.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutational signatures can reveal the history of mutagenic processes that cells were exposed to before and during tumorigenesis. We expect that as-yet-undiscovered mutational processes will shed further light on mutagenesis leading to carcinogenesis. With this in mind, we analyzed the mutational spectra of 36 Asian oral squamous cell carcinomas. The mutational spectra of two samples from patients who presented with oral bacterial infections showed novel mutational signatures. One of these novel signatures, SBS_AnT, is characterized by a preponderance of thymine mutations, strong transcriptional strand bias, and enrichment for adenines in the 4 bp 5′ of mutation sites. The mutational signature described in this manuscript was shown to be caused by colibactin, a bacterial mutagen produced by E. coli carrying the pks-island. Examination of publicly available sequencing data revealed SBS_AnT in 25 tumors from several mucosal tissue types, expanding the list of tissues in which this mutational signature is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud Boot
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Alvin W T Ng
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 117456, Singapore
| | - Fui Teen Chong
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Szu-Chi Ho
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Willie Yu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,Cancer Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Steven G Rozen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 117456, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Facompre ND, Rajagopalan P, Sahu V, Pearson AT, Montone KT, James CD, Gleber-Netto FO, Weinstein GS, Jalaly J, Lin A, Rustgi AK, Nakagawa H, Califano JA, Pickering CR, White EA, Windle BE, Morgan IM, Cohen RB, Gimotty PA, Basu D. Identifying predictors of HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and survival through patient-derived models. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3236-3249. [PMID: 32478869 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic innovation for human papilloma virus-related (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is impaired by inadequate preclinical models and the absence of accurate biomarkers. Our study establishes the first well-characterized panel of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and organoids from HPV+ HNSCCs while determining fidelity of the models to the distinguishing genetic features of this cancer type. Despite low engraftment rates, whole exome sequencing showed that PDXs retain multiple distinguishing features of HPV+ HNSCC lost in existing cell lines, including PIK3CA mutations, TRAF3 deletion and the absence of EGFR amplifications. Engrafted HPV+ tumors frequently contained NOTCH1 mutations, thus providing new models for a negatively prognostic alteration in this disease. Genotype-phenotype associations in the models were then tested for prediction of tumor progression and survival in published clinical cohorts. Observation of high tumor mutational burdens (TMBs) in the faster-growing models facilitated identification of a novel association between TMB and local progression in both HPV+ and HPV- patients that was prognostic in HPV- cases. In addition, reduced E7 and p16INK4A levels found in a PDX from an outlier case with lethal outcome led to detection of similar profiles among recurrent HPV+ HNSCCs. Transcriptional data from the Cancer Genome Atlas was used to demonstrate that the lower E2F target gene expression predicted by reduced E7 levels has potential as a biomarker of disease recurrence risk. Our findings bridge a critical gap in preclinical models for HPV+ HNSCCs and simultaneously reveal novel potential applications of quantifying mutational burden and viral oncogene functions for biomarker development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Facompre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pavithra Rajagopalan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire D James
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Gregory S Weinstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jalal Jalaly
- Department of Pathology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth A White
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bradford E Windle
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Iain M Morgan
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
de Carvalho AC, Perdomo S, Dos Santos W, Fernandes GC, de Jesus LM, Carvalho RS, Scapulatempo-Neto C, de Almeida GC, Sorroche BP, Arantes LMRB, Melendez ME, De Marchi P, Hayes N, Reis RM, Carvalho AL. Impact of genetic variants in clinical outcome of a cohort of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9970. [PMID: 32561788 PMCID: PMC7305218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco- or human papillomavirus- driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OpSCC) represent distinct clinical, biological and epidemiological entities. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants based on somatic alterations in OpSCC samples from an admixed population, and to test for association with clinical features. The entire coding region of 15 OpSCC driver genes was sequenced by next-generation sequencing in 51 OpSCC FFPE samples. Thirty-five percent of the patients (18/51) were HPV-positive and current or past tobacco consumption was reported in 86.3% (44/51). The mutation profile identified an average of 2.67 variants per sample. Sixty-three percent of patients (32/51; 62.7%) were mutated for at least one of the genes tested and TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene. The presence of mutation in NOTCH1 and PTEN, significantly decreased patient's recurrence-free survival, but only NOTCH1 mutation remained significant after stepwise selection, with a risk of recurrence of 4.5 (HR 95% CI = 1.11-14.57; Cox Regression p = 0.034). These results show that Brazilian OpSCC patients exhibit a similar clinical and genetic profile in comparison to other populations. Molecular characterization is a promising tool for the definition of clinical subgroups, aiding in a more precise tailoring of treatment and prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Perdomo
- Institute of Nutrition, Genetics and Metabolism Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- International Agency of Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics Service, Diagnósticos da América-DASA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Pelé Little Prince Research Institute, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Little Prince College, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pedro De Marchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Oncoclinicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil.
- International Agency of Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lin NC, Hsu JT, Tsai KY. Difference between Female and Male Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113978. [PMID: 32512723 PMCID: PMC7312859 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a distinct male predominance in head and neck cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological features of male and female patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to simultaneously conduct a survival analysis. Patients (n = 2573) were identified between January 2008 and December 2018, and subsequently analyzed for characteristics such as age at squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis, lifestyle factors (smoking habit, betel nut chewing and alcohol consumption), pathological American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) anatomic site, AJCC TNM stage, pathological recurrence factor and interval from first diagnosis to recurrence. A case-matched comparison between female (n = 122) and male (n = 2451) patients was conducted. Significant gender differences were noted in age at diagnosis, anatomic site of the tumor, smoking habit, betel nut chewing and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001). There were no significant gender differences in the other clinical and pathological characteristics and survival conditions. In conclusion, female patients with OSCC were older than male patients with OSCC, and mostly had tumors of the oral tongue. Once patients develop OSCC, there was no difference in survival between men and women in a Taiwanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Chin Lin
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (N.-C.L.); (J.-T.H.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (N.-C.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Kuo-Yang Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- College of Nursing and Health Science, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-693-3127-916
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chai AWY, Lim KP, Cheong SC. Translational genomics and recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 61:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
36
|
Nasser H, St. John MA. The promise of immunotherapy in the treatment of young adults with oral tongue cancer. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:235-242. [PMID: 32337355 PMCID: PMC7178456 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically considered a disease of the older male resulting from cumulative tobacco and alcohol use, more recently we have witnessed a rise in the global incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in younger adults, particularly those without any identifiable risk factor exposure. These patients appear to be at higher overall risk for locoregional treatment failure and often experience a more heterogeneous clinical course, with some afflicted with particularly aggressive, rapidly progressive disease. Recent research efforts have supported the idea that although this disease may be genomically similar in these groups, and molecular differences in the tumor immune microenvironment may account for biological differences between young and older patients, as well as patients with and without exposure to alcohol or tobacco. In this review, we seek to summarize current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of oral tongue carcinoma in the young adult patient and examine the potential role of the immune response in disease progression and as a target for novel immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasser
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer ProgramRonald Reagan Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Maie A. St. John
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer ProgramRonald Reagan Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Adeoye J, Brennan PA, Thomson P. “Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:711-719. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Peter Thomson
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
RNF213 suppresses carcinogenesis in glioblastoma by affecting MAPK/JNK signaling pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1506-1516. [PMID: 31953610 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in central nervous system. Due to absence of the mechanism underlying glioblastoma, the clinical outcome is poor. RNF213 is a ring finger protein and mutation in RNF213 gene is detected in cancers. But the role of RNF213 in glioblastoma is unknown. METHODS RNF213 expression was detected by qPCR, western blotting, IHC technology. RNF213 was overexpressed in plasmid pcDNA3.1. Assays including CCK-8, plate colony formation, wound healing, transwell and FITC/PI dye were used to detect cell behaviors. RESULTS RNF213 was shown to express much lower in tumor tissues and in tumor cell lines compared to control. The patients with higher RNF213 expression displayed longer survival time. When RNF213 was overexpressed in U87MG cells, cell proliferation and colony formation were inhibited significantly. The ability of cell migration and invasion was also suppressed. FAC analysis demonstrated that cell apoptosis was increased after RNF213 overexpression. But cell cycle distribution was not affected by RNF213. Then the expression level of MEKK1, JNK, c-Jun, and cdc42 was decreased after RNF213 overexpression, but increased reversely when RNF213 was knocked down by RNAi technology. CONCLUSIONS RNF213 suppresses carcinogenesis and affects MAPK/JNK signaling pathway in glioblastoma. This study suggests that RNF213 might be a promising target for therapy of glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hsu PJ, Yan K, Shi H, Izumchenko E, Agrawal N. Molecular biology of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 102:104552. [PMID: 31918173 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is a heterogeneous and complex disease that arises due to dysfunction of multiple molecular signaling pathways. Recent advances in high-throughput genetic sequencing technologies coupled with innovative analytical techniques have begun to characterize the molecular determinants driving OCSCC. An understanding of the key molecular signaling networks underlying the initiation and progression of is essential for informing treatment of the disease. In this chapter, we discuss recent findings of key genes altered in OCSCC and potential treatments targeting these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Hsu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kenneth Yan
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hailing Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Section of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ghias K, Rehmani SS, Razzak SA, Madhani S, Azim MK, Ahmed R, Khan MJ. Mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in a South Asian population. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 4242:526-542. [PMID: 31188922 PMCID: PMC6905448 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer
type globally and contributes significantly to burden of disease in South Asia.
In Pakistan, HNSCC is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and
females. The increasing regional burden of HNSCC along with a unique set of risk
factors merited a deeper investigation of the disease at the genomic level.
Whole exome sequencing of HNSCC samples and matched normal genomic DNA analysis
(n=7) was performed. Significant somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were
identified and pathway analysis performed to determine frequently affected
signaling pathways. We identified significant, novel recurrent mutations in
ASNS (asparagine synthetase) that may affect substrate
binding, and variants in driver genes including TP53, PIK3CA, FGFR2,
ARID2, MLL3, MYC and ALK. Using the IntOGen
platform, we identified MAP kinase, cell cycle, actin cytoskeleton regulation,
PI3K-Akt signaling and other pathways in cancer as affected in the samples. This
data is the first of its kind from the Pakistani population. The results of this
study can guide a better mechanistic understanding of HNSCC in the population,
ultimately contributing new, rational therapeutic targets for the treatment of
the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq S Rehmani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Safina A Razzak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - M Kamran Azim
- Department of Biosciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz J Khan
- Surgical Specialty Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shearston K, Fateh B, Tai S, Hove D, Farah CS. Malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in an Australian population. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:530-537. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Behrooz Fateh
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Shixiong Tai
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Dzikamai Hove
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Camile S. Farah
- UWA Dental School University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ambele MA, Pepper MS, van Heerden MB, van Heerden WFP. Molecular profile of tongue cancer in an 18-year-old female patient with no recognizable risk factor. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:310-313. [PMID: 31236464 PMCID: PMC6580056 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in nonsmoking young adults, especially females, has increased. Yet, there is no clear evidence to support the existence of any single determinant. This case reports the presence of TSCC in an 18-year-old female with no recognizable risk factor for oral cancer development. Methods Histological examination and p16 immunohistochemistry were performed. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were prepared from resected tissue and DNA was extracted for molecular OncoScan analysis. Results Histological and immunochemical analysis showed a p16-negative poorly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. OncoScan analysis of this tumor revealed a high confidence TP53:p.R213*:c.637C>T somatic mutation as well as copy number alterations of chromosomal regions including gains of 1p, 3q, 5p, 7p, 8p, 8q, 11q, 15q, 17q, and 20p, and losses on 1p, 3p, 18q, and 22q. Conclusion The TP53:p.R213*:c.637C>T mutation detected is indicative of a genetic predisposition to cancer and it is the first to be reported in TSCC in a nonsmoking young adult. Level of Evidence Case report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin A Ambele
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa.,Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Marlene B van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Willie F P van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang G, Zhou S, Zhong W, Hong L, Wang Y, Lu S, Pan J, Huang Y, Su M, Crawford R, Zhou Y, Mai R. Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Frequent Mutations in Chromatin Remodeling Genes in Mammary and Extramammary Paget's Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:789-795. [PMID: 30905357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Paget's disease (PD) is an intraepidermal adenocarcinoma of the skin at the breast (mammary PD) or urogenital locations (extramammary PD [EMPD]). At present, there is lack of clarity on PD's pathogenesis, the relationship between its subtypes, and its lineage link with the underlying invasive carcinomas. Here we describe that mammary PD and EMPD have similar mutational profiles, with the most frequent recurrent mutations occurring in the chromatin remodeling genes, such as KMT2C (MLL3, 39%) and ARID2 (22%), with additional recurrent somatic mutations detected in genes previously not known to be mutated in cancers, such as CDCC168 (34%), FSIP2 (29%), CASP8AP2 (29%), and BIRC6 (24%). In paired mammary PD and underlying breast carcinoma samples, distinct gene mutations were detected, indicating that they represent independent oncogenic events. Finally, multistage EMPD tissue sequencing revealed KMT2C gene occurring early in EMPD oncogenesis, and that multifocal EMPD samples share the same early gene mutations, suggesting clonal origin of multifocal EMPD. Our results reveal similar genomic landscapes between mammary PD and EMPD, including early aberrations in chromatin remodeling genes. In addition, mammary PD and underlying breast ductal carcinomas represent independent oncogenic events. These findings provide approaches for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songxia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixiang Zhong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangli Hong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital of and the Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Meizhou Central Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiankai Pan
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Hospital of Dermatology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuansheng Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mingwan Su
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard Crawford
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Ruiqin Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Genetic Factors Associated with a Poor Outcome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Definitive Chemoradiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040445. [PMID: 30934880 PMCID: PMC6521057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
About half of advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients can be cured by chemoradiotherapy. Patient outcome may be partially determined by the genetic alterations in HNSCC, rendering these alterations promising candidate prognostic factors and/or therapeutic targets. However, their relevance in patient outcome prognosis remains to be assessed in patients that receive standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy. We therefore tested whether frequent genetic alterations were associated with progression free survival (PFS) in advanced stage HNSCC patients who were uniformly treated with definitive platinum-based chemoradiotherapy. To this end, we performed targeted DNA sequencing on frozen pre-treatment tumor biopsy material from 77 patients with advanced stage oro- and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. This provided somatic point mutation and copy number aberration data of 556 genes. The most frequently mutated genes, TP53 (62%), CCND1 (51%), CDKN2A (30%) and PIK3CA (21%), were not associated with PFS. However, co-occurring CCND1 and CDKN2A mutations were associated with short PFS (HR 2.24, p = 0.028) in HPV-negative tumors. Furthermore, tumor mutational burden (sum of somatic point mutations) showed a trend towards decreased PFS (HR 1.9, p = 0.089), and chromosomal instability (CIN) was associated with shorter PFS (HR 2.3, p = 0.023), independent of HPV status. Our results show that tumor mutational burden, CIN markers, and co-occurring CCND1 and CDKN2A mutations are associated with chemoradiotherapy outcomes in advanced stage oro- and hypopharyngeal HNSCC patients, thereby highlighting their prognostic potential. Given their poor prognosis association and link to biological targets, they may also identify patients for novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
45
|
Jiang X, Ye J, Dong Z, Hu S, Xiao M. Novel genetic alterations and their impact on target therapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1321-1336. [PMID: 30799957 PMCID: PMC6371928 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is highly variable by tumor site, histologic type, molecular characteristics, and clinical outcome. During recent years, emerging targeted therapies have been focused on driver genes. HNSCC involves several genetic alterations, such as co-occurrence, multiple feedback loops, and cross-talk communications. These different kinds of genetic alterations interact with each other and mediate targeted therapy response. In the current review, it is emphasized that future treatment strategy in HNSCC will not solely be based on "synthetic lethality" approaches directed against overactivated genes. More importantly, biologic, genetic, and epigenetic alterations of HNSCC will be taken into consideration to guide the therapy. The emerging genetic alterations in HNSCC and its effect on targeted therapy response are discussed in detail. Hopefully, novel combination regimens for the treatment of HNSCC can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Zhihuai Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Sunhong Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fostira F, Koutsodontis G, Vagia E, Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Sasaki C, Rontogianni D, Perisanidis C, Psyrri A. Predisposing Germline Mutations in Young Patients With Squamous Cell Cancer of the Oral Cavity. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-8. [PMID: 35135152 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florentia Fostira
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - George Koutsodontis
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Vagia
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ioannis Kotsantis
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarence Sasaki
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dimitra Rontogianni
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos Perisanidis
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Florentia Fostira, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"; George Koutsodontis, Elena Vagia, Panagiota Economopoulou, Ioannis Kotsantis, and Amanda Psyrri, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Dimitra Rontogianni, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; Clarence Sasaki, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Christos Perisanidis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gupta S, Kumar P, Kaur H, Sharma N, Gupta S, Saluja D, Bharti AC, Das B. Constitutive activation and overexpression of NF-κB/c-Rel in conjunction with p50 contribute to aggressive tongue tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33011-33029. [PMID: 30250646 PMCID: PMC6152474 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a most aggressive head and neck cancer often associated with a poor survival rate. Yet, it always shows better prognosis in presence of HPV16 infection. NF-κB plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and chemo-radio resistance of cancer but its role in tongue cancer is not yet explored. In this study, a total of hundred tongue tissue biopsies comprising precancer, cancer and adjacent normal controls including two tongue cancer cell lines (HPV+/−ve) were employed to examine expression and transactivation of NF-κB proteins, their silencing by siRNA and invasion assays to understand their contributions in tongue carcinogenesis. An exclusive prevalence (28%) of HR-HPV type 16 was observed mainly in well differentiated tumors (78.5%). Increased DNA binding activity and differential expression of NF-κB proteins was observed with p50 and c-Rel being the two major DNA binding partners forming the functional NF-κB complex that increased as a function of severity of lesions in both HPV+/−ve tumors but selective participation of p65 in HPV16+ve TSCCs induced well differentiation of tumors resulting in better prognosis. siRNA treatment against c-Rel or Fra-2 led to upregulation of p27 but strong inhibition of c-Rel, c-Jun, c-myc, HPVE6/E7 and Fra-2 which is exclusively overexpressed in HPV−ve aggressive tumors. In conclusion, selective participation of c-Rel with p50 that in cross-talk with AP-1/Fra-2 induced poor differentiation and aggressive tumorigenesis mainly in HPV−ve smokers while HPV infection induced expression of p65 and p27 leading to well differentiation and better prognosis preferably in non-smoking TSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Gupta
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India.,Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India.,Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Harsimrut Kaur
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Nishi Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi-110010, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi-110010, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Bhudev Das
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India.,Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hussein AA, Forouzanfar T, Bloemena E, de Visscher J, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR, Helder MN. A review of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:724-736. [PMID: 30131545 PMCID: PMC6173763 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great interest in developing biomarkers to enhance early detection and clinical management of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). However, the developmental path towards a clinically valid biomarker remains extremely challenging. Ideally, the initial key step in moving a newly discovered biomarker towards clinical implementation is independent replication. Therefore, the focus of this review is on biomarkers that consistently showed clinical relevance in two or more publications. METHODS We searched PubMed database for relevant papers across different TSCC sample sources, i.e., body fluids (saliva, serum/plasma) and tissues. No restriction regarding the date of publication was applied except for immunohistochemistry (IHC); only studies published between 2010 and June 2017 were included. RESULTS The search strategy identified 1429 abstracts, of which 96 papers, examining 150 biomarkers, were eventually included. Of these papers, 66% were exploratory studies evaluating single or a panel of biomarkers in one publication. Ultimately, based on studies that had undergone validation for their clinical relevance in at least two independent studies, we identified 10 promising candidates, consisting of different types of molecules (IL-6, IL-8, and Prolactin in liquid samples; HIF-1α, SOX2, E-cadherin, vimentin, MALAT1, TP53, and NOTCH1 in tissue biopsies) CONCLUSIONS: Although more exploratory research is needed with newer methods to identify biomarkers for TSCC, rigorous validation of biomarkers that have already shown unbiased assessment in at least two publications should be considered a high priority. Further research on these promising biomarkers or their combination in multi-institutional studies, could provide new possibilities to develop a specific panel for early diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A Hussein
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jgam de Visscher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco N Helder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rettig EM, Bishop JA, Agrawal N, Chung CH, Sharma R, Zamuner F, Li RJ, Koch WM, Califano JA, Guo T, Gaykalova DA, Fakhry C. HEY1 is expressed independent of NOTCH1 and is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2018; 82:168-175. [PMID: 29909892 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Notch signaling is frequently altered in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the nature and clinical implications of this dysregulation are not well understood. We previously described an association of transcriptionally active NOTCH1 Intracellular Domain (NICD1) immunohistochemical (IHC) expression pattern with high-risk pathologic characteristics. Here we further characterize Notch signaling in HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS IHC expression patterns and clinicopathologic associations of Notch pathway molecules were evaluated among 78 tumors with known NOTCH1 mutation status. IHC was performed for JAG1, a NOTCH1 activating ligand, and HEY1, an NICD1 transcriptional target and Notch pathway activation marker. IHC pattern and H-score (% staining × intensity) were recorded and compared to clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models (HR). RESULTS JAG1 and NICD1 expression patterns were highly concordant among tumors without truncating NOTCH1 mutations (p < 0.001), but were dissimilar among tumors with truncating NOTCH1 mutations (p = 0.24). There was evidence for JAG1-independent NOTCH1 activation among seven tumors, all with wild-type NOTCH1. HEY1 expression was associated with neither JAG1 nor NICD1 expression, but was associated with NOTCH1 mutation status (p = 0.03). Twelve (16%) tumors expressed HEY1 but not NICD1. Higher HEY1 H-score was significantly associated with worse overall (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0-4.2) and disease-specific (aHR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.4-7.9) survival, whereas JAG1 and NICD1 expression were not associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest both NOTCH1-dependent and -independent HEY1 regulation, and imply a previously unrecognized prognostic role for HEY1 in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni M Rettig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Fernando Zamuner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Ryan J Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Wayne M Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Vossen DM, Verhagen CVM, Verheij M, Wessels LFA, Vens C, van den Brekel MWM. Comparative genomic analysis of oral versus laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2018; 81:35-44. [PMID: 29884412 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows lower locoregional control and disease specific survival rates than laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (L/P-SCC) after definitive chemoradiotherapy treatment. Despite clinical factors, this can point towards a different tumor biology that could impact chemoradiotherapy response rates. This prompted us to compare the mutational profiles of OSCC with L/P-SCC. METHODS We performed target capture DNA sequencing on 111 HPV-negative HNSCC samples (NKI dataset), 55 oral and 56 laryngeal/pharyngeal, and identified somatic point mutations and copy number aberrations. We next expanded our analysis with 276 OSCC and 134 L/P-SCC sample data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA dataset). We focused our analyses on genes that are frequently mutated in HNSCC. RESULTS The mutational profiles of OSCC and L/P-SCC showed many similarities. However, OSCC was significantly enriched for CASP8 (NKI: 15% vs 0%; TCGA: 17% vs 2%) and HRAS (TCGA: 10% vs 1%) mutations. LAMA2 (TCGA: 5% vs 19%) and NSD1 (TCGA: 7% vs 25%) mutations were enriched in L/P-SCC. Overall, we find that OSCC had fewer somatic point mutations and copy number aberrations than L/P-SCC. Interestingly, L/P-SCC scored higher in mutational and genomic scar signatures associated with homologous recombination DNA repair defects. CONCLUSION Despite showing a similar mutational profile, our comparative genomic analysis revealed distinctive features in OSCC and L/P-SCC. Some of these genes and cellular processes are likely to affect the cellular response to radiation or cisplatin. Genomic characterizations may guide or enable personalized treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Vossen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline V M Verhagen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheij
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Conchita Vens
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|