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Bhadouria N, Holguin N. Osteoporosis treatments for intervertebral disc degeneration and back pain: a perspective. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae048. [PMID: 38706880 PMCID: PMC11066806 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain derived from intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a debilitating spinal condition that, despite its prevalence, does not have any intermediary guidelines for pharmacological treatment between palliative care and invasive surgery. The development of treatments for the IVD is complicated by the variety of resident cell types needed to maintain the regionally distinct structural properties of the IVD that permit the safe, complex motions of the spine. Osteoporosis of the spine increases the risk of vertebral bone fracture that can increase the incidence of back pain. Fortunately, there are a variety of pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis that target osteoblasts, osteoclasts and/or osteocytes to build bone and prevent vertebral fracture. Of particular note, clinical and preclinical studies suggest that commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs like bisphosphonates, intermittent parathyroid hormone, anti-sclerostin antibody, selective estrogen receptor modulators and anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand inhibitor denosumab may also relieve back pain. Here, we cite clinical and preclinical studies and include unpublished data to support the argument that a subset of these therapeutics for osteoporosis may alleviate low back pain by also targeting the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neharika Bhadouria
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Nilsson Holguin
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
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2
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He Y, Liu S, Lin H, Ding F, Shao Z, Xiong L. Roles of organokines in intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340625. [PMID: 38532900 PMCID: PMC10963452 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is not isolated from other tissues. Recently, abundant research has linked intervertebral disc homeostasis and degeneration to various systemic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Organokines are a group of diverse factors named for the tissue of origin, including adipokines, osteokines, myokines, cardiokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and hepatokines. Through endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms, organokines modulate energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, and metabolic balance in various tissues to mediate cross-organ communication. These molecules are involved in the regulation of cellular behavior, inflammation, and matrix metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we aimed to summarize the impact of organokines on disc homeostasis and degeneration and the underlying signaling mechanism. We focused on the regulatory mechanisms of organokines to provide a basis for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, JingMen Central Hospital, Jingmen, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang J, Liu J. Correlation between protein expression profiling of inflammation and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:624-634. [PMID: 38357138 PMCID: PMC10862599 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthrosis significantly reduces self-perception. However, the intrinsic relationship between bone metabolism and SPP and cell activity at the molecular level remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between RA bone metabolic indicators and immune inflammation-related proteins. Methods A total of 30 patients with RA and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Four bone metabolism measures and nine proteins expression measures were collected from RA patients and healthy controls. Spearman Correlation Analysis and Logistic-regression Analysis were adopted for associations between bone metabolism and proteins. Results We screened and verified 3 key proteins, namely interleukin-11 (IL-11), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and programmed cell death-2 (PD-L2) related to immunity and inflammation through microarray analysis. Levels of IL-2, IL-5, IL-11, IL-17, CTLA4, TNF-β were higher in RA patients than in the control group (P<0.05), meanwhile, the levels of IL-8, PD-L2, TNF-β and B7-2 were low in RA patients (P>0.05).The results of Spearman Correlation Test suggested that sharp score was positively correlated with age, CCP was positively correlated with RF, SDS score was positively correlated with RF, IL-17 was positively correlated with CCP, BGP was positively correlated with BALP, RANKL was positively correlated with BALP, VAS score was negatively correlated with CRP, TCM score was negatively correlated with SF-36 score. Conclusion BALP, BGP, OPG, RANKL were strongly associated with immune inflammation-related proteins and poor SPP in RA patients, which can be used to predict poor SPP in RA patients, although the underlying mechanisms need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
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Molinos M, Fiordalisi MF, Caldeira J, Almeida CR, Barbosa MA, Gonçalves RM. Alterations of bovine nucleus pulposus cells with aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13873. [PMID: 37254638 PMCID: PMC10410011 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the major etiological factors driving intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, the main cause of low back pain. The nucleus pulposus (NP) includes a heterogeneous cell population, which is still poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to uncover main alterations in NP cells with aging. For that, bovine coccygeal discs from young (12 months) and old (10-16 years old) animals were dissected and primary NP cells were isolated. Gene expression and proteomics of fresh NP cells were performed. NP cells were labelled with propidium iodide and analysed by flow cytometry for the expression of CD29, CD44, CD45, CD146, GD2, Tie2, CD34 and Stro-1. Morphological cell features were also dissected by imaging flow cytometry. Elder NP cells (up-regulated bIL-6 and bMMP1 gene expression) presented lower percentages of CD29+, CD44+, CD45+ and Tie2+ cells compared with young NP cells (upregulated bIL-8, bCOL2A1 and bACAN gene expression), while GD2, CD146, Stro-1 and CD34 expression were maintained with age. NP cellulome showed an upregulation of proteins related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and melanosome independently of age, whereas proteins upregulated in elder NP cells were also associated with glycosylation and disulfide bonds. Flow cytometry analysis of NP cells disclosed the existence of 4 subpopulations with distinct auto-fluorescence and size with different dynamics along aging. Regarding cell morphology, aging increases NP cell area, diameter and vesicles. These results contribute to a better understanding of NP cells aging and highlighting potential anti-aging targets that can help to mitigate age-related disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Molinos
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia BiomédicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Morena F. Fiordalisi
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia BiomédicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Joana Caldeira
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia BiomédicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Catarina R. Almeida
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia BiomédicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- iBiMED – Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical SciencesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Mário A. Barbosa
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia BiomédicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Raquel M. Gonçalves
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia BiomédicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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Zhao M, Mei F, Lu J, Xiang Q, Xia G, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhang C, Shen X, Zhong Q. Gadus morhua Eggs Sialoglycoprotein Prevent Estrogen Deficiency-Induced High Bone Turnover by Controlling OPG/RANKL/TRAF6 Pathway and Serum Metabolism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871521. [PMID: 35495954 PMCID: PMC9040668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of safe and effective anti-osteoporosis factors has attracted extensive attention. In this study, an estrogen-deficient osteoporosis rat model was employed to study the improving mechanism of sialoglycoprotein isolated from Gadus morhua eggs (Gds) against osteoporosis. The results showed that compared with OVX, Gds ameliorated the trabecular microstructure, especially the increased trabecular thickness, decreased trabecular separation, and enhanced the trabecular number. The analysis of qRT-PCR and western blotting found that Gds reduced bone resorption by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. The LC-MS/MS was used to investigate serum metabolism, and the enrichment metabolites were analyzed by the KEGG pathway. The results revealed that the Gds significantly altered the fat anabolism pathway, which includes ovarian steroidogenesis pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Altogether, Gds could improve osteoporosis by suppressing high bone turnover via controlling OPG/RANKL/TRAF6 pathway, which is implicated with ovarian steroidogenesis pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. These findings indicated that Gds could be a candidate factor for anti-osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Zhao
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fengfeng Mei
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinfeng Lu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Qingying Xiang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Guanghua Xia
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghua Xia,
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuanri Shen
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiuping Zhong
- Hainan Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in South China Sea, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Qiuping Zhong,
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Henrotin Y. Osteoarthritis in year 2021: biochemical markers. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:237-248. [PMID: 34798278 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize recent scientific advances in protein-derived soluble biomarkers of osteoarthritis. DESIGN A systematic search on the PubMed electronic database of clinical studies on protein-derived soluble biochemical markers of osteoarthritis in humans that were published between January 1st 2020 and March 31th 2021. The studies were selected on the basis of objective criteria and summarized in a table. Then they were described in a narrative review. RESULTS Out of 1971 publications, 48 fulfilled all selection criteria and 16 were selected by the author for the narrative review. The papers were classified according their clinical significance as defined in the BIPEDS classification. Two papers investigated the "burden of disease", two were dedicated to "investigative biomarkers", four papers question the "prognosis", three the "efficacy of treatment" and five the "diagnosis and phenotyping" value of protein-derived biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Currently, biomarkers research is focused on their use as tools to identify molecular endotypes and clinical phenotypes and to facilitate patient screening and monitoring in clinical trials. This approach should allow a more targeted management of patients suffering from osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Henrotin
- musculoSKeletal Innovative research Lab (mSKIL), Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Department of Motricity Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium; Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium.
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Yan Q, Xiao Q, Ge J, Wu C, Wang Y, Yu H, Yang H, Zou J. Bioinformatics-Based Research on Key Genes and Pathways of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Cartilage 2021; 13:582S-591S. [PMID: 33233925 PMCID: PMC8804785 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520973247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the pathways and key genes and to reveal disc degeneration pathogenesis based on bioinformatic analyses. DESIGN The GSE70362 dataset was downloaded from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the patients having disc degeneration and healthy controls were screened by Limma package in R language. Critical genes were identified by adopting gene ontologies (GOs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. RESULTS We identified 112 DEGs, including 60 genes which were upregulated and 52 that were downregulated. Analyses, such as GO and KEGG demonstrated that the DEGs got enriched in 4 biological processes and 2 signaling pathways, mainly related to disc degeneration. The PPI network analyses identified 5 key proteins, CCND1 (cyclin D1), GATA3, TNFSF11, LEF1, and DKK1 (Dickkopf related protein 1). CONCLUSION In this study, the DEGs and pathways determined promoted us understand the disc degeneration mechanisms. Also, the study may contribute novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of disc degeneration, and seek new treatment methods to repair and even regenerate degenerative intervertebral disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
Affiliated Lianshui People’s Hospital of Kangda College of Nan Jing Medical
Universty, Lianshui, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The
First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Jun Zou, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou,
Jiangsu 215006, China.
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Zhou M, He SJ, Liu W, Yang MJ, Hou ZY, Meng Q, Qian ZL. EZH2 upregulates the expression of MAPK1 to promote intervertebral disc degeneration via suppression of miR-129-5p. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3395. [PMID: 34668273 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to verify whether enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) affects intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) development through regulation of microRNA (miR)-129-5p/MAPK1. METHODS Initially, we collected lumbar nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue samples from patients with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (n = 14) and IVDD (n = 34). We measured the expression of related genes in clinical IVDD tissues and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NP cell model. After loss- and gain- function assays, NP cell proliferation and senescence were examined. The targeting relationship between miR-129-5p and MAPK1 was explored by dual luciferase reporter gene and RIP assays. The enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in miR-129-5p promoter was verified by ChIP. Finally, an IVDD rat model was established to test the effects of transduction with lentiviral vector carrying miR-129-5p agomir and/or oe-EZH2 in vivo. RESULTS miR-129-5p was underexpressed, and EZH2 and MAPK1 levels are overexpressed in lumbar nucleus pulposus from human IVDD patients and in LPS-induced NP cells. miR-129-5p overexpression or silencing of MAPK1 promoted proliferation of NP cells, while inhibiting their senescence. EZH2 inhibited miR-129-5p through H3K27me3 modification in the miR-129-5p promoter. miR-129-5p could targeted the downregulation of MAPK1 expression. EZH2 overexpression increased the release of inflammatory factors and cell senescence factors, which was reversed by miR-129-5p agomir in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, EZH2 inhibits miR-129-5p through H3K27me3 modification, which upregulates MAPK1, thereby promoting the development of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Jun He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Danyang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yang Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qian Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Lai Qian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Ekram S, Khalid S, Bashir I, Salim A, Khan I. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their chondroprogenitor derivatives reduced pain and inflammation signaling and promote regeneration in a rat intervertebral disc degeneration model. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3191-3205. [PMID: 33864569 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an asymptomatic pathophysiological condition and a strong causative factor of low back pain. There is no cure available except spinal fusion and pain management. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is being considered as an alternative approach to treat disc diseases. The current study aimed to differentiate human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) into chondrocyte-like cells and to elucidate their feasibility and efficacy in the degenerated IVD rat model. Chondrogenic induction medium was used to differentiate hUC-MSCs into chondroprogenitors. Rat tail IVD model was established with three consecutive coccygeal discs. qPCR was performed to quantify the molecular markers of pain and inflammation. Histological staining was performed to evaluate the degree of regeneration. Induced chondroprogenitors showed the expression of chondrogenic genes, SOX9, TGF-β1, ACAN, BMP2, and GDF5. Immunocytochemical staining showed positive expression of chondrogenic proteins SOX9, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and Collagen 2. In in vivo study, transplanted chondroprogenitors showed better survival, homing, and distribution in IVD as compared to normal MSCs. Expression of pain and inflammatory genes at day 5 of cell transplantation modulated immune response significantly. The transplanted labeled MSCs and induced chondroprogenitors differentiated into functional nucleus pulposus (NP) cells as evident from co-localization of red (DiI) and green fluorescence for SOX9, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2. Alcian blue and H & E staining showed standard histological features, indicating better preservation of the NP structure and cellularity than degenerated discs. hUC-MSCs-derived chondroprogenitors showed better regeneration potential as compared to normal MSCs. The pain and inflammation genes were downregulated in the treated group as compared to the degenerated IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Ekram
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Khalid
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Bashir
- Zainab Panjwani Memorial Hospital, Mohammadali Habib Road, Numaish Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses by the human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and tissues. OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors, GDNF family receptor (GFR) α1 and rearranged during transfection (RET) in the human IVD cells and the tissues with the early and advanced stages of degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The neurotrophin family, including nerve growth factor, has been reported to be expressed in the IVDs and plays a role in hyperalgesia and neuronal sensitization. Despite having properties similar to the nerve growth factor, the expression of GDNF in the IVD remains unknown. METHODS Human IVD cells were cultured in monolayer. Immunohistochemical analyses and western blotting were performed to examine the protein levels of GDNF and its receptors. To examine the effect of proinflammatory cytokines, cells were cultured in the presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The immunohistochemical expression of these proteins was also evaluated using human IVD tissues with different stages of degeneration. RESULTS Immunofluorescent reactivity against anti-GDNF, GFRα1, and RET antibodies was identified in human IVD cells. In protein extracts from IVD cells, those protein expressions were also identified by Western blot. IL-1β significantly stimulated the mRNA expression of GDNF compared with that of the control group. There was no significant effect of IL-1β on the mRNA expression of GFRα1 and RET. The percentage of GDNF-immunopositive cells in advanced degenerated discs was significantly higher than that in early degenerated discs, whereas those of GFRα1 and RET showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS GDNF and its receptors were constitutively expressed in the human IVD cells. GDNF expression was significantly enhanced by proinflammatory stimuli, and in the microenvironment with advanced tissue degeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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11
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Involvement of the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 4 in the Increased Expression of RANK/RANKL/OPG System and Neurotrophins by Nucleus Pulposus Cells under the Degenerated Intervertebral Disc-Like Acidic Microenvironment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1328436. [PMID: 32566653 PMCID: PMC7277045 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1328436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is associated with local inflammation and increased expression of neurotrophins. Acidic microenvironment is believed to cause the progression of IVD degeneration. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the relationship between acidic microenvironment and the inflammation and expression of neurotrophins in IVD. G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) is a pH-sensing receptor, which can activate the inflammation and increase the expression levels of nerve growth factor in acidic microenvironment. In this study, culture media with pH 7.2 (representing the normal IVD-like acidic condition) and pH 6.5 (degenerated IVD-like acidic condition) were prepared. The gene and protein expression levels of GPR4 in SD rat nucleus pulposus cells were determined under the acidic conditions. And cyclic AMP (cAMP), the second messenger of GPR4, was assayed. Furthermore, the expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), RANKL ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) were also determined. To clarify the involvement of GPR4 in the upregulation of the expression of RANK/RANKL/OPG system and neurotrophins, gene knockdown and forced expression of GPR4 and inhibiting its downstream cAMP accumulation and Ca2+ mobilization were performed. The alternation of the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-13, and aggrecanase-2 (ADAMTS-5) were evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot. The results showed that GPR4 was expressed in rat nucleus pulposus cells, and the expression was upregulated under the degenerated IVD-like acidic microenvironment. cAMP accumulation levels were increased under the degenerated IVD-like acidic culture conditions. The expression levels of RANK, RANKL, OPG, NGF, and BNDF were significantly upregulated under the degenerated IVD-like acidic microenvironment. GPR4 knockdown and reduction of cAMP by the inhibitor SQ22536 abolished the upregulation of the expression of RANK, RANKL, OPG, NGF, and BNDF under the degenerated IVD-like acidic microenvironment. On the opposite, acidosis-induced cAMP accumulation and upregulation of RANK, RANKL, OPG, NGF, and BNDF were further promoted by GPR4 overexpression. The expression levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 were upregulated under the degenerated IVD-like acidic condition, which can be promoted or attenuated by GPR4 overexpression or knockdown, respectively. We concluded that GPR4-mediated cAMP accumulation was involved in the increased expression of RANK/RANKL/OPG system and neurotrophins by nucleus pulposus cells under the degenerated IVD-like acidic microenvironment.
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Goode AP, Schwartz TA, Kraus VB, Huebner JL, George SZ, Cleveland RJ, Gracely R, Jimenez M, DeFrate LE, Chen J, Golightly YM, Jordan JM. Inflammatory, Structural, and Pain Biochemical Biomarkers May Reflect Radiographic Disc Space Narrowing: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1027-1037. [PMID: 31750565 PMCID: PMC7162706 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to determine the relationship between biomarkers of inflammation, structure, and pain with radiographic disc space narrowing (DSN) in community-based participants. A total of 74 participants (37 cases and 37 controls) enrolled in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project during 2006-2010 were selected. The cases had at least mild radiographic DSN and low back pain (LBP). The controls had neither radiographic evidence of DSN nor LBP. The measured analytes from human serum included N-cadherin, Keratin-19, Lumican, CXCL6, RANTES, IL-17, IL-6, BDNF, OPG, and NPY. A standard dolorimeter measured pressure-pain threshold. The coefficients of variation were used to evaluate inter- and intra-assay reliability. Participants with similar biomarker profiles were grouped together using cluster analysis. The binomial regression models were used to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in propensity score-matched models. Significant associations were found between radiographic DSN and OPG (RR = 3.90; 95% CI: 1.83, 8.31), IL-6 (RR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.92, 3.36), and NPY (RR = 2.06 95% CI: 1.62, 2.63). Relative to a cluster with low levels of biomarkers, a cluster representing elevated levels of OPG, RANTES, Lumican, Keratin-19, and NPY (RR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.22, 7.54) and a cluster representing elevated levels of NPY (RR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.15, 7.39) were significantly associated with radiographic DSN. Clinical Significance: These findings suggest that individual and combinations of biochemical biomarkers may reflect radiographic DSN. This is just one step toward understanding the relationships between biochemical biomarkers and DSN that may lead to improved intervention delivery. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1027-1037, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Goode
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Population Health Science, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Todd A. Schwartz
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven Z. George
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Cleveland
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rick Gracely
- Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Louis E. DeFrate
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M. Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Orthopedics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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13
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Amin N, Boccardi V, Taghizadeh M, Jafarnejad S. Probiotics and bone disorders: the role of RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:363-371. [PMID: 31119697 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is the framework and in charge of body configuration preservation. As a living tissue, bones are constantly being formed and absorbed. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the main bone cells and balance between their activities indicates bone health. Several mechanisms influence the bone turnover and RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is one of them. This system, whose components are part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, exists in many organs and could play a role in bone modeling and remodeling. RANKL/RANK pathway controls osteoclasts activity and formation. In addition, they are identified as key factors on bone turnover in different pathological situations. At the same time, OPG (RANKL's decoy receptor) plays role as a bone-protective factor by binding to RANKL and prevention of extra resorption. The lack of balance between RANKL and OPG could result in excessive bone resorption. Probiotics, the beneficial microorganisms for human health, entail bones in their advantages. Recent studies suggest that probiotics could reduce inflammatory factors (for example TNF-α and IL-1β) and increase bone OPG expression. In addition, probiotics have shown to maintain bones in various ways. Although current evidence is not enough for definitive approval of probiotics' efficacy on RANKL/RANK/OPG, its positive responses from conducted studies are significant. Understanding of the probiotics' effects on RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway will help focus future studies, and assist in developing efficient treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Amin
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Cheng R, Wu Z, Li M, Shao M, Hu T. Interleukin-1β is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis: a narrative review. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:2. [PMID: 31900383 PMCID: PMC6949296 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Sano T, Akeda K, Yamada J, Takegami N, Sudo T, Sudo A. Expression of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system in the human intervertebral disc: implication for the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:225. [PMID: 31101043 PMCID: PMC6525349 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) /RANK ligand (RANKL) /osteoprotegerin (OPG) system and its association with the progression of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has recently been reported in a human IVD. However, the effect of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system on the matrix metabolism of human IVD cells, especially on the expression of catabolic factors relevant to IVD degeneration, remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system, and then to evaluate the effect of this system on the expression of catabolic factors by human IVD cells. METHODS Annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells isolated by sequential enzyme digestion from human IVD tissues obtained during spine surgeries were monolayer cultured. The expression of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system was determined using immunohistochemical methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To evaluate the influence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) stimulation on the mRNA expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG, recombinant human IL-1β (rhIL-1β) was administered in the culture media of IVD cells. To examine the influence of RANKL signaling on the expression of matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3), MMP-13, and IL-1β, the cells were cultured with exogenous recombinant human RANKL (rhRANKL), recombinant human OPG (rhOPG) or anti-human RANKL mouse monoclonal antibody (ahRANKL-mAB) with or without rhIL-1β. RESULTS Immunoreactivity to RANK/RANKL/OPG and the mRNA expression of the three genes were obviously identified in both AF and NP cells. rhIL-1β stimulation significantly upregulated the mRNA expression level of RANK/RANKL/OPG. The mRNA expression of catabolic factors was significantly upregulated by stimulation of rhRANKL in the presence of rhIL-1β. On the other hand, the administration of either rhOPG or ahRANKL-mAB significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of catabolic factors that had been upregulated by rhIL-1β stimulation. The suppressive effect of ahRANKL-mAB against rhIL-1β stimulation was also confirmed by the protein expression of MMP-3. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the RANK/RANKL/OPG system may be involved in the progression of IVD degeneration. This study also suggested the potential use of anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody and OPG as therapeutic agents to suppress the progression of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Akeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Junichi Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takao Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Wang C, Luo L, Tian F, An N, Zhang Y, Hao R, Li D, Zhou Z, Xiao P, Guo L. Effects of receptor activator nuclear factor κB gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14933. [PMID: 30921190 PMCID: PMC6456093 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore genetic association of receptor activator nuclear factor κB (RANK) polymorphisms with individual susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis (OA) in different Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades.This case-control study included 138 knee OA patients and 145 healthy individuals. RANK rs1805034 and rs8086340 polymorphisms were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The effects of RANK polymorphisms on knee OA risk were analyzed via χ test or Fisher exact test, and the results were expressed using odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).The C allele of rs1805034 polymorphism had significantly higher frequency in knee OA patients than in controls (P = .044), indicating that this allele could increase the risk of knee OA (OR = 1.424, 95% CI = 1.010-2.008). Besides, the CC genotype and C allele of the rs1805034 polymorphism were significantly associated with elevated risk of knee OA in moderate grade (CC vs TT: P = .018, OR = 3.071, 95% CI = 1.187-7.941; C vs T: P = .012, OR = 1.787, 95% CI = 1.131-2.823). However, rs8086340 polymorphism had no significant association with knee OA riskThe C allele of RANK rs1805034 polymorphism is closely correlated with increased risk of knee OA, especially for moderate grade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Ning An
- Department II of Orthopedics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Guo
- Department II of Orthopedics
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Akeda K, Yamada J, Linn ET, Sudo A, Masuda K. Platelet-rich plasma in the management of chronic low back pain: a critical review. J Pain Res 2019; 12:753-767. [PMID: 30881089 PMCID: PMC6394242 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is now regarded as the first cause of disability worldwide and should be a priority for future research on prevention and therapy. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an important pathogenesis of LBP. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood concentrate that contains a natural concentration of autologous growth factors and cytokines and is currently widely used in the clinical setting for tissue regeneration and repair. PRP has great potential to stimulate cell proliferation and metabolic activity of IVD cells in vitro. Several animal studies have shown that the injection of PRP into degenerated IVDs is effective in restoring structural changes (IVD height) and improving the matrix integrity of degenerated IVDs as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. The results of this basic research have shown the great possibility that PRP has significant biological effects for tissue repair to counteract IVD degeneration. Clinical studies for evaluating the effects of the injection of PRP into degenerated IVDs for patients with discogenic LBP have been reviewed. Although there was only one double-blind randomized controlled trial, all the studies reported that PRP was safe and effective in reducing back pain. While the clinical evidence of tissue repair of IVDs by PRP treatment is currently lacking, there is a great possibility that the application of PRP has the potential to lead to a feasible intradiscal therapy for the treatment of degenerative disc diseases. Further large-scale studies may be required to confirm the clinical evidence of PRP for the treatment of discogenic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Akeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan,
| | - Junichi Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan,
| | - Erikka T Linn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0863, USA
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan,
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0863, USA
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Hierarchical, imbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokine networks govern the pathogenesis of chronic arthropathies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:7-17. [PMID: 29074297 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory arthropathies, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS), osteoarthritis (OA), and intervertebral disc degenerative disease (DDD) constitute major public health problems that are anticipated to grow significantly as the human population ages. However, many aspects concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying their onset and progression remain unclear. DESIGN This narrative review critically analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammation-associated pathogenesis of the aforementioned joint diseases. This includes, in particular, the major role played by several key soluble factors (such as cytokines and the associated signaling pathways, designated as "fragile nodes") produced by local cells and recruited to the joints' immune cells, whose elimination by specific drugs has dramatically improved the diseases' symptomatology and outcome in human clinical trials or in rodent arthritis models. HYPOTHESIS AND THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory arthropathies is governed by hierarchical, imbalanced pro-inflammatory cytokine networks (HIPICNs) (comprising a combination of fragile nodes) that are created during the development of both autoimmune (RA, PsA, and AS) and non-autoimmune (OA and DDD) disorders. The main aim of this review is to provide evidence that despite substantial pathobiological differences between these arthropathies, the HIPICNs created are quite common, thus justifying the merging of these disorders mechanistically and suggesting that these common mechanisms exist in the onset and progression of different joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - A Kalinkovich
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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