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Cosedis Enevoldsen F, Therkildsen J, Klose-Jensen R, Lynggaard Elkjær A, Uggerby Næser E, Klicman RF, Thorup Aaen K, Søndergaard KH, Hauge EM. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography for the assessment of acro-osteolysis and calcinosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105699. [PMID: 38309517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assist the development of future treatments in systemic sclerosis (SSc), the development of reliable outcome measures is pivotal. We aimed to evaluate the use of high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) for visualization and gradation of acro-osteolysis (AO) and calcinosis compared to conventional hand radiographs (CR) in patients with SSc. METHODS HR-pQCT scans of the 2nd to 4th fingers, CR, nail fold capillaroscopy, and a clinical examination were conducted. Images were reviewed for the presence and degree of AO and calcinosis according to semiquantitative grading scales. RESULTS Forty patients were included. Fourteen had AO according to CR, whereas HR-pQCT revealed AO in 18 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of classifying patients as having AO by HR-pQCT when CR was used as reference were 93% (95% CI: 66-99%) and 80% (95% CI: 59-93%), respectively. By CR and with HR-pQCT as reference, the sensitivity and specificity were 72% (95% CI: 47-90%) and 95% (95% CI: 76-99%). Patients with AO had more or larger calcifications than patients without AO according to the proposed HR-pQCT grading system, with a median grade of 2 (IQR: 1-3) versus 0 (IQR: 0-1) (P<0.01). Grade 3 changes were observed exclusively in patients with AO (n=6/14, 42.9%). Assessment of AO and calcinosis by HR-pQCT demonstrated moderate to excellent test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION HR-pQCT allowed precise and reliable classification and grading of acro-osteolysis and acral calcinosis. The modality could prove helpful for detecting and monitoring these lesions as well as facilitating early diagnosis and guide treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Cosedis Enevoldsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark.
| | - Josephine Therkildsen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Klose-Jensen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Amanda Lynggaard Elkjær
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Esben Uggerby Næser
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fuglsang Klicman
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Katja Thorup Aaen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Klaus Henrik Søndergaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
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Garcia JPT, Tayo LL. Theoretical Studies of DNA Microarray Present Potential Molecular and Cellular Interconnectivity of Signaling Pathways in Immune System Dysregulation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:393. [PMID: 38674328 PMCID: PMC11049615 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is defined as the inability to regulate immunological activities in the body, especially in response to external triggers, leading to the attack of the tissues and organs of the host. Outcomes include the onset of autoimmune diseases whose effects are primarily due to dysregulated immune responses. In past years, there have been cases that show an increased susceptibility to other autoimmune disorders in patients who are already experiencing the same type of disease. Research in this field has started analyzing the potential molecular and cellular causes of this interconnectedness, bearing in mind the possibility of advancing drugs and therapies for the treatment of autoimmunity. With that, this study aimed to determine the correlation of four autoimmune diseases, which are type 1 diabetes (T1D), psoriasis (PSR), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by identifying highly preserved co-expressed genes among datasets using WGCNA. Functional annotation was then employed to characterize these sets of genes based on their systemic relationship as a whole to elucidate the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions of the pathways they are involved in. Lastly, drug repurposing analysis was performed to screen candidate drugs for repositioning that could regulate the abnormal expression of genes among the diseases. A total of thirteen modules were obtained from the analysis, the majority of which were associated with transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modification processes. Also, the evaluation based on KEGG suggested the possible role of TH17 differentiation in the simultaneous onset of the four diseases. Furthermore, clomiphene was the top drug candidate for regulating overexpressed hub genes; meanwhile, prilocaine was the top drug for regulating under-expressed hub genes. This study was geared towards utilizing transcriptomics approaches for the assessment of microarray data, which is different from the use of traditional genomic analyses. Such a research design for investigating correlations among autoimmune diseases may be the first of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Patrick T. Garcia
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
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Campochiaro C, Matucci-Cerinic M. Interstitial lung disease in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis patients: never let your guard down. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:589-590. [PMID: 37738274 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Kudsi M, Tarcha R, Khalayli N. Nintedanib in systemic sclerosis treatment: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:110. [PMID: 38388392 PMCID: PMC10885361 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nintedanib was approved for the treatment of scleroderma and scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease, as it decrease the forced expiratory volume. CASE PRESENTATION A 48-year-old Asian female patient with systemic scleroderma 6 years ago developed breathlessness, nausea, heart palpation, and sudden severe occipital headache over the preceding week. She was receiving aspirin 81 mg/day and amlodipine 5 mg/day. Her diagnosis was diffuse scleroderma with pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung involvement, and renal crisis. The modified Rodnan score was 18. We begin captopril at a dose of 12.5 mg, progressively escalating to 200 mg/day, and oral nintedanib was started at 150 mg. A total of 12 months after initiation of treatment, the patient's kidney function was normal. The pulmonary function tests improved. The modified Rodnan score was reduced to 10. We did not encounter any side effects in our case due to nintedanib treatment. CONCLUSION Treatment with nintedanib is crucial for slowing lung function decline. Diarrhea was the most common adverse event. Scleroderma renal crisis occurs in 10% of patients and typically presents with an abrupt onset of hypertension and kidney failure. The optimal antihypertensive agent for scleroderma renal crisis is an ACE inhibitor. The mainstay of therapy in scleroderma renal crisis has been shown to improve or stabilize renal function in approximately 70% of patients and improve survival in nearly 80% at 1 year. Nintedanib may be effective, and fairly safe to use. Further exploration is anticipated to advance a new period of systemic sclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysoun Kudsi
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Al-Mazzeh, Damascus, Syria
| | - Raghad Tarcha
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Al-Mazzeh, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Naram Khalayli
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Ishikawa Y, Tanaka N, Asano Y, Kodera M, Shirai Y, Akahoshi M, Hasegawa M, Matsushita T, Saito K, Motegi SI, Yoshifuji H, Yoshizaki A, Kohmoto T, Takagi K, Oka A, Kanda M, Tanaka Y, Ito Y, Nakano K, Kasamatsu H, Utsunomiya A, Sekiguchi A, Niiro H, Jinnin M, Makino K, Makino T, Ihn H, Yamamoto M, Suzuki C, Takahashi H, Nishida E, Morita A, Yamamoto T, Fujimoto M, Kondo Y, Goto D, Sumida T, Ayuzawa N, Yanagida H, Horita T, Atsumi T, Endo H, Shima Y, Kumanogoh A, Hirata J, Otomo N, Suetsugu H, Koike Y, Tomizuka K, Yoshino S, Liu X, Ito S, Hikino K, Suzuki A, Momozawa Y, Ikegawa S, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa O, Takehara K, Torii T, Sato S, Okada Y, Mimori T, Matsuda F, Matsuda K, Amariuta T, Imoto I, Matsuo K, Kuwana M, Kawaguchi Y, Ohmura K, Terao C. GWAS for systemic sclerosis identifies six novel susceptibility loci including one in the Fcγ receptor region. Nat Commun 2024; 15:319. [PMID: 38296975 PMCID: PMC10830486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report the largest Asian genome-wide association study (GWAS) for systemic sclerosis performed to date, based on data from Japanese subjects and comprising of 1428 cases and 112,599 controls. The lead SNP is in the FCGR/FCRL region, which shows a penetrating association in the Asian population, while a complete linkage disequilibrium SNP, rs10917688, is found in a cis-regulatory element for IRF8. IRF8 is also a significant locus in European GWAS for systemic sclerosis, but rs10917688 only shows an association in the presence of the risk allele of IRF8 in the Japanese population. Further analysis shows that rs10917688 is marked with H3K4me1 in primary B cells. A meta-analysis with a European GWAS detects 30 additional significant loci. Polygenic risk scores constructed with the effect sizes of the meta-analysis suggest the potential portability of genetic associations beyond populations. Prioritizing the top 5% of SNPs of IRF8 binding sites in B cells improves the fitting of the polygenic risk scores, underscoring the roles of B cells and IRF8 in the development of systemic sclerosis. The results also suggest that systemic sclerosis shares a common genetic architecture across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Kodera
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shirai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Akahoshi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kae Takagi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Miho Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kasamatsu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akira Utsunomiya
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisako Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emi Nishida
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Goto
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naho Ayuzawa
- Department of Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yanagida
- Department of Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Horita
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirahito Endo
- Omori Medical Center, Toho University, Rheumatic Disease Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Immunology Frontier Center, Osaka University, Statistical Immunology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Otomo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suetsugu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Ito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Immunology Frontier Center, Osaka University, Statistical Immunology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Ijinkai Takeada General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan.
- Shizuoka General Hospital, The Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
- The Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Komura K, Yanaba K, Bouaziz JD, Yoshizaki A, Hasegawa M, Varga J, Takehara K, Matsushita T. Perspective to precision medicine in scleroderma. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1298665. [PMID: 38304250 PMCID: PMC10830793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and heterogeneous disease with no relevant environmental trigger or significant responsible gene. It has been and will continue to be difficult to identify large enough patients to conduct classic population-based epidemiologic exposure/non-exposure studies with adequate power to ascertain environmental and genetic risk factors for these entities. The complexity of pathogenesis and heterogeneity are likely to require personalized/precision medicine for SSc. Since several potential drugs are currently available for specific patients if not whole SSc, classification of SSc seems to form the foundation for a better therapeutic strategy. To date, SSc has been classified based on the extent/severity of the affected area as well as some disease markers, including the autoantibody profile. However, such an analysis should also lead to improvements in the design of appropriately stratified clinical trials to determine the effects and prediction of targeted therapies. An approach based on drug response preclinically conducted using patients' own fibroblasts in vitro, can provide a precise disease marker/therapeutic selection for clinical practice. Because scleroderma dermal fibroblasts have a persistent hyper-productive phenotype occurring not only in person, but also in cell culture conditions. Thus, an accumulating approach based on disease markers ensures progression and de-escalation to re-establish a better life with a personally optimized drug environment after the onset of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Komura
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Red Cross Hospital, Japanese Red Cross Society, Kanazawa, Japan
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Koichi Yanaba
- Department of Dermatology, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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7
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Campochiaro C, Allanore Y, Braun-Moscovici Y, Matucci-Cerinic M, Balbir-Gurman A. Is cyclophosphamide still the gold standard in early severe rapidly progressive systemic sclerosis? Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103439. [PMID: 37690478 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYC) has been a gold standard of treatment for severe progressive Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), especially in patients with concomitant interstitial lung disease (ILD). This approach was based on results of several interventional studies, including randomized control trials, which mainly addressed SSc-ILD as a primary end point and skin involvement as a second one. The use of CYC is time-limited due to significant adverse events. More recently, other immunosuppressive and biological agents showed efficacy but better safety profile in patients with SSc and SSc-ILD. With regards to other end-points, post-hoc analyses, systematic reviews and metalysis showed that CYC had limited influence on patients' quality of life, event-free survival and mortality. Comprehensive patient's stratification according to a molecular, cellular and phenotypic pattern may help in choosing of personalized medicine with more ambitious treatment effect and should be the future direction. According to the above available data and even if scientific evidence may be missing, experts' opinion has changed the attitude to CYC as an anchor drug in the management of severe SSc. Indeed, CYC has been pushed to the second and even third treatment option after mycophenolate mofetil, tocilizumab or rituximab. This position became obvious during debate on this topic at CORA meeting 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Campochiaro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yolanda Braun-Moscovici
- Rheumatology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Rheumatology, Univercity of Florence, Italy; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases; Vita-Salute San Raffaele Univercity, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandra Balbir-Gurman
- Rheumatology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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8
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Distler O, Allanore Y, Denton CP, Kuwana M, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pope JE, Atsumi T, Bečvář R, Czirják L, Hachulla E, Ishii T, Ishikawa O, Johnson SR, De Langhe E, Stagnaro C, Riccieri V, Schiopu E, Silver RM, Smith V, Steen V, Stevens W, Szücs G, Truchetet ME, Wosnitza M, Laapas K, Kramer F, Khanna D. Riociguat in patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (RISE-SSc): open-label, long-term extension of a phase 2b, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e660-e669. [PMID: 38251533 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase 2b Riociguat Safety and Efficacy in Patients with Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (RISE-SSc) trial investigated riociguat versus placebo in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The long-term extension evaluated safety and exploratory treatment effects for an additional year. METHODS Patients were enrolled to RISE-SSc between Jan 15, 2015, and Dec 8, 2016. Those who completed the 52-week, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase were eligible for the long-term extension. Patients originally assigned to riociguat continued therapy (riociguat-riociguat group). Those originally assigned to placebo were switched to riociguat (placebo-riociguat group), adjusted up to 2·5 mg three times daily in a 10-week, double-blind dose-adjustment phase, followed by an open-label phase. Statistical analyses were descriptive. Safety including adverse events and serious adverse events was assessed in the long-term safety analysis set (all patients randomly assigned and treated with study medication in the double-blind phase who continued study medication in the long-term extension). The RISE-SSc trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02283762. FINDINGS In total, 87 (72%) of 121 patients in the main RISE-SSc study entered the long-term extension (riociguat-riociguat, n=42; placebo-riociguat, n=45). 65 (75%) of 87 patients were women, 22 (25%) were men, and 62 (71%) were White. Overall, 82 (94%) of 87 patients in the long-term extension had an adverse event; most (66 [76%] of 87) were of mild to moderate severity, with no increase in pulmonary-related serious adverse events in patients with interstitial lung disease. INTERPRETATION No new safety signals were observed with long-term riociguat in patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Study limitations include the absence of a comparator group in this open-label extension study. FUNDING Bayer and Merck Sharp & Dohme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Rheumatology A Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Janet E Pope
- Schulich School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Radim Bečvář
- Institute of Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eric Hachulla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Referral Centre for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases North and North-West of France (CeRAINO), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, University of Lille, Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Tomonori Ishii
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohuko University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Ishii Hospital, Division of Dermatology, Isezaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sindhu R Johnson
- Toronto Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiara Stagnaro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Schiopu
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Richard M Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Virginia Steen
- Division of Rheumatology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wendy Stevens
- Department of Rheumatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriella Szücs
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Frank Kramer
- Research & Development, Bayer, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine University Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Junfei Z, Meihua G, Shuai Z, Xiangting L, Zhidan L, Tianming C, Yajing L, Chu T, Lipu S. Retrospective comparative study of the efficacy of JAK inhibitor (tofacitinib) in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2823-2832. [PMID: 37335409 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The oral Janus kinases inhibitor (JAKi) has improved the management of skin manifestations in systemic sclerosis (SSc), and our study aimed to explore the efficacy of non-selective JAKi tofacitinib in ameliorating interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the patients with SSc. The hospitalization data of the SSc-ILD patients from April 2019 to April 2021 were collected, and the changes of pulmonary function and the radiological findings in pulmonary high-resolution CT (HRCT) from the 9 patients who received tofacitinib for at least 6 months and a matched group of 35 SSc-ILD patients treated with conventional immunosuppressants or glucocorticoids, were compared and analyzed. There were no significant differences in demographic data and clinical characteristics between the tofacitinib-treated group (tofa-group) and the matched group. However, in the tofa-group, the changes in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration and serum interleukin-6 levels were significantly lower than those in the matched group. Moreover, the tofa-group showed amelioration in decreased diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (62.05 ± 9.47 vs. 66.61 ± 12.39, p = 0.046), reductions in ground-glass attenuation involvement (1.00 ± 0.86 vs. 0.33 ± 0.50, p = 0.024) and irregular pleural thickening (1.33 ± 0.50 vs. 0.67 ± 0.51, p = 0.004) in pulmonary HRCTs, alleviated modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) of skin sclerosis (9.22 ± 3.81 vs. 7.11 ± 3.92, p = 0.048), and reduced HRCT scores of pulmonary fibrosis (15.00 ± 3.87 vs. 12.66 ± 4.92, p = 0.009). Logistic regression analysis showed that the involvement of ground-glass attenuation (OR 11.43) and the add-on therapy of tofacitinib (OR 9.98) were the relevant factors in the amelioration of HRCT. Our results indicate that the use of JAKi (tofacitinib) may be relevant to significant improvement of the sclerosis and early radiological abnormalities in SSc-ILD patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore its efficacy more precisely. Key Points • The currently available therapies for SSc-ILD have limited therapeutic benefits. • The add-on therapy of the oral JAK inhibitor is available in the real world. • The tofacitinib was promising in the improvement of the sclerosis and early radiological abnormalities in SSc-ILD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Junfei
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Gao Meihua
- Department of Geriatrics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhang Shuai
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lu Xiangting
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lei Zhidan
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Cheng Tianming
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Liu Yajing
- Department of Respiratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Shi Lipu
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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10
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Campochiaro C, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Avouac J, Henes J, de Vries-Bouwstra J, Smith V, Siegert E, Airò P, Oksel F, Pellerito R, Vanthuyne M, Pozzi MR, Inanc M, Sibilia J, Gabrielli A, Distler O, Allanore Y. Sex influence on outcomes of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: a EUSTAR database analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:2483-2491. [PMID: 36413079 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of sex on SSc-ILD. METHODS EUSTAR SSc patients with radiologically confirmed ILD and available percentage predicted forced vital capacity (%pFVC) were included. Demographics and disease features were recorded. A change in %pFVC over 12 months (s.d. 6) (cohort 1) was classified into stable (≤4%), mild (5-9%) and large progression (≥10%). In those with 2-year longitudinal %pFVC (cohort 2), the %pFVC change at each 12-month (s.d. 6) interval was calculated. Logistic regression analyses [odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI] and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and %pFVC were applied. RESULTS A total of 1136 male and 5253 female SSc-ILD patients were identified. Males were significantly younger, had a shorter disease duration, had a higher prevalence of CRP elevation and frequently had diffuse cutaneous involvement. In cohort 1 (1655 females and 390 males), a higher percentage of males had stable ILD (74.4% vs 69.4%, P = 0.056). In multivariable analysis, disease duration and %pFVC [OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98, 0.99) and OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.95, 0.99), respectively] in males and age, %pFVC and anti-centromere [OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00, 1.04), OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.96, 0.98) and OR 0.39 (95% CI 0.245, 0.63), respectively] in females were associated with large progression. The 1-year mortality rate was higher in males (5.1% vs 2.5%, P = 0.013). In cohort 2 (849 females and 209 males), a higher percentage of females showed periods of large progression (11.7% vs 7.7%, P = 0.023), the percentage of patients with none, one or two periods of worsening was not different. The overall death rate was 30.9% for males and 20.4% in females (P < 0.001). In the survival analysis, male sex was a predictor of mortality [OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.66, 2.28)]. CONCLUSIONS Male SSc-ILD patients have a poorer prognosis and sex-specific predictors exist in SSc-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jerome Avouac
- Service de Rheumatologie, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jörg Henes
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Auto-Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Internal Medicine II (Haematology, Oncology, Immunology and Rheumatology), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elise Siegert
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Airò
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Department, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fahrettin Oksel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Marie Vanthuyne
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Murat Inanc
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jean Sibilia
- Service de Rheumatologie, RESO: Centre de Reference des Maladies Autoimmunes Systémiques Rares Est Sud-Ouest, Hôpital De Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Universita' Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Service de Rheumatologie, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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11
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Farina N, Campochiaro C, Lescoat A, Benanti G, De Luca G, Khanna D, Dagna L, Matucci-Cerinic M. Drug development and novel therapeutics to ensure a personalized approach in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1131-1142. [PMID: 37366065 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2230370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic disease encompassing autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. SSc is still burdened by high mortality and morbidity rates. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of SSc have identified novel potential therapeutic targets. Several clinical trials have been subsequently designed to evaluate the efficacy of a number of new drugs. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with useful information about these novel molecules. AREA COVERED In this narrative review, we summarize the available evidence regarding the most promising targeted therapies currently under investigation for the treatment of SSc. These medications include kinase inhibitors, B-cell depleting agents, and interleukin inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Over the next five years, several new, targeted drugs will be introduced in clinical practice for the treatment of SSc. Such pharmacological agents will expand the existing pharmacopoeia and enable a more personalized and effective approach to patients with SSc. Thus, it will not only possible to target a specific disease domain, but also different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Farina
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - C Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lescoat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - G Benanti
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - G De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - D Khanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - L Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - M Matucci-Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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12
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Colic J, Campochiaro C, Hughes M, Matucci Cerinic M, Dagna L. Investigational drugs for the treatment of scleroderma: what's new? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:601-614. [PMID: 37526079 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2242762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an orphan, chronic, autoimmune, fibrotic disease with unknown etiology characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. SSc has the highest mortality, the deadliest among the connective tissue diseases, despite the introduction of new treatment options in the past decades. AREAS COVERED The aim of the current systematic review was to investigate new targeted therapy and their impact on disease progression, mainly focusing on phase I and II clinical trials within the past three years. EXPERT OPINION Despite recent groundbreaking advancements in understanding SSc pathophysiology, early diagnosis and early introduction of effective targeted treatments within the optimal window of opportunity to prevent irreversible disease damage still represents a significant clinical challenge. Ongoing significant research for new molecular and epigenetics pathways is of fundamental importance to offer new perspectives on disease phenotype and for the development of personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Colic
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Hughes
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Marco Matucci Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC) and Denothe Centre, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
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13
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Bruni C, Campochiaro C, de Vries-Bouwstra JK. Interstitial Lung Disease: How Should Therapeutics Be Implemented? Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:279-293. [PMID: 37028835 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is a major complication of SSc resulting in important morbidity and mortality. Next to cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil, tocilizumab and nintedanib have proven efficacy in the treatment of SSc-ILD. The highly variable course of SSc-ILD, the complexity in determining and predicting the progression of SSc-ILD, and the diversity of treatment options for SSc-ILD, pose many challenges for everyday clinical practice. In this review, currently available evidence for monitoring and treatment of SSc-ILD is summarized and areas where additional evidence is highly desirable are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 24, Zurich 8006, Switzerland; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Careggi University Hospital - University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy. https://twitter.com/CampochiaroCor
| | - Jeska K de Vries-Bouwstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, Postal Zone C1-R, PO Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
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14
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Fritzler MJ, Bentow C, Beretta L, Palterer B, Perurena-Prieto J, Sanz-Martínez MT, Guillen-Del-Castillo A, Marín A, Fonollosa-Pla V, Callejas-Moraga E, Simeón-Aznar CP, Mahler M. Anti-U11/U12 Antibodies as a Rare but Important Biomarker in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071257. [PMID: 37046475 PMCID: PMC10093660 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-nuclear (ANA) are present in approximately 90% of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and are key biomarkers in supporting the diagnosis and determining the prognosis of this disease. In addition to the classification criteria autoantibodies for SSc [i.e., anti-centromere, anti-topoisomerase I (Scl-70), anti-RNA polymerase III], other autoantibodies have been associated with important SSc phenotypes. Among them, anti-U11/U12 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies, also known as anti-RNPC-3, were first reported in a patient with SSc, but very little is known about their association and clinical utility. The U11/U12 RNP macromolecular complex consists of several proteins involved in alternative mRNA splicing. More recent studies demonstrated associations of anti-anti-U11/U12 antibodies with SSc and severe pulmonary fibrosis as well as with moderate to severe gastrointestinal dysmotility. Lastly, anti-U11/U12 autoantibodies have been strongly associated with malignancy in SSc patients. Here, we aimed to summarize the knowledge of anti-U11/U12/RNPC-3 antibodies in SSc, including their seroclinical associations in a narrative literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J. Fritzler
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chelsea Bentow
- Research and Development, Werfen, Autoimmunity Headquarters and Technology Center, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Scleroderma Unit and (Referral) Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Janire Perurena-Prieto
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Sanz-Martínez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Guillen-Del-Castillo
- Unit of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Marín
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Fonollosa-Pla
- Unit of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Pilar Simeón-Aznar
- Unit of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Mahler
- Research and Development, Werfen, Autoimmunity Headquarters and Technology Center, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA
- Correspondence: or
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15
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Campochiaro C, De Luca G, Lazzaroni MG, Armentaro G, Spinella A, Vigone B, Ruaro B, Stanziola A, Benfaremo D, De Lorenzis E, Moccaldi B, Bosello SL, Cuomo G, Beretta L, Zanatta E, Giuggioli D, Del Papa N, Airo P, Confalonieri M, Moroncini G, Dagna L, Matucci-Cerinic M. Real-life efficacy and safety of nintedanib in systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease: data from an Italian multicentre study. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002850. [PMID: 36813476 PMCID: PMC9950968 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nintedanib (NTD) has been shown to be effective in systemic sclerosis (SSc)-interstitial lung disease (ILD). Here we describe the efficacy and safety of NTD in a real-life setting. METHODS Patients with SSc-ILD treated with NTD were retrospectively evaluated at 12 months prior to NTD introduction; at baseline and at 12 months after NTD introduction. The following parameters were recorded: SSc clinical features, NTD tolerability, pulmonary function tests and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). RESULTS 90 patients with SSc-ILD (65% female, mean age 57.6±13.4 years, mean disease duration 8.8±7.6 years) were identified. The majority were positive for anti-topoisomerase I (75%) and 77 (85%) patients were on immunosuppressants. A significant decline in %predicted forced vital capacity (%pFVC) in the 12 months prior to NTD introduction was observed in 60%. At 12 months after NTD introduction, follow-up data were available for 40 (44%) patients and they showed a stabilisation in %pFVC (64±14 to 62±19, p=0.416). The percentage of patients with significant lung progression at 12 months was significantly lower compared with the previous 12 months (60% vs 17.5%, p=0.007). No significant mRSS change was observed. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects were recorded in 35 (39%) patients. After a mean time of 3.6±3.1 months, NTD was maintained after dose adjustment in 23 (25%) patients. In nine (10%) patients, NTD was stopped after a median time of 4.5 (1-6) months. During the follow-up, four patients died. CONCLUSIONS In a real-life clinical scenario, NTD, in combination with immunosuppressants, may stabilise lung function. GI side effects are frequent and NTD dose adjustment may be necessary to retain the drug in patients with SSc-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia Lazzaroni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Amelia Spinella
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigone
- Scleroderma Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruaro
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Stanziola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Devis Benfaremo
- Clinica Medica, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico De Lorenzis
- Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Laura Bosello
- Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cuomo
- Precision Medicine, Universita degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Scleroderma Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Airo
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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16
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Al-Adwi Y, Westra J, van Goor H, Burgess JK, Denton CP, Mulder DJ. Macrophages as determinants and regulators of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:535-545. [PMID: 35861385 PMCID: PMC9891414 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SSc is a multiphase autoimmune disease with a well-known triad of clinical manifestations including vasculopathy, inflammation and fibrosis. Although a plethora of drugs has been suggested as potential candidates to halt SSc progression, nothing has proven clinically efficient. In SSc, both innate and adaptive immune systems are abnormally activated fuelling fibrosis of the skin and other vital organs. Macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc and are thought to be a major source of immune dysregulation. Due to their plasticity, macrophages can initiate and sustain chronic inflammation when classically activated while, simultaneously or parallelly, when alternatively activated they are also capable of secreting fibrotic factors. Here, we briefly explain the polarization process of macrophages. Subsequently, we link the activation of macrophages and monocytes to the molecular pathology of SSc, and illustrate the interplay between macrophages and fibroblasts. Finally, we present recent/near-future clinical trials and discuss novel targets related to macrophages/monocytes activation in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehya Al-Adwi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
| | - Harry van Goor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher P Denton
- UCL Division of Medicine, University College London.,UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Douwe J Mulder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine
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17
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Goldman N, Han J, LaChance A. Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Manifestations of Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2285-2312. [PMID: 36320926 PMCID: PMC9618245 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s360801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous features of autoimmune connective tissue disease pose a unique challenge to patients and clinicians managing these conditions. In this review, we outline the key elements of diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, and morphea. This article also aims to present an update on gold standard as well as new and emerging therapies for these conditions. Overall, dermatologists can play a key role in diagnosing and treating autoimmune connective tissue diseases and this review intends to provide an up-to-date toolkit to guide clinical dermatologists in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Goldman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Han
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avery LaChance
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence: Avery LaChance, Connective Tissue Diseases Clinic, Health Policy and Advocacy, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA, Tel +1 617-582-6060, Fax +1 617-532-6060, Email
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18
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Campochiaro C, Lazzaroni MG, Bruni C, Zanatta E, De Luca G, Matucci-Cerinic M. Open questions on the management of targeted therapies for the treatment of systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease: results of a EUSTAR survey based on a systemic literature review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221116408. [PMID: 36051631 PMCID: PMC9425887 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221116408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The results of randomized controlled (RCT) and retrospective studies have expanded the armamentarium of drugs for systemic sclerosis (SSc) - interstitial lung disease (ILD) treatment. The correct positioning of these drugs is not yet clarified. Objectives Systemic literature review (SLR) on rituximab (RTX), tocilizumab (TCZ), nintedanib and abatacept (ABT) for the treatment of SSc-ILD. The results of the SLR were used to create a dedicated survey. Design The study was performed as a systematic review. Data sources and methods the SLR was performed using the following terms: "(systemic sclerosis OR scleroderma) AND (interstitial lung disease OR lung fibrosis OR pulmonary fibrosis) AND (rituximab OR tocilizumab OR abatacept OR nintedanib)". The results of the SLR were integrated in a survey including 8 domains. These were sent to all EUSTAR members and to the participants of the 2020 Scleroderma World Congress. Results 41 studies (34 on RTX, 5 on TCZ, 2 on ABT, and 1 on nintedanib) were identified. RCTs supported the use of TCZ and nintedanib, while retrospective studies supported the use of RTX for SSc-ILD. No clear data were obtained about ABT. The survey showed that RTX is the most available option (96%) whereas the most frequent reason for targeted therapy introduction is lung progression while on csDMARDs (86% RTX, 59% TCZ and 63% nintedanib). Combination therapy was the most frequently mentioned therapeutic scheme for nintedanib (75%) and RTX (63%). Physicians' perception of safety was similar for all drugs, while drug efficacy was the same for RTX and nintedanib, followed by TCZ (4.8 ± 2). The most frequently raised concerns pertained to efficacy, safety and combination regimens. Conclusion Our SLR supports the use of RTX, TCZ and nintedanib for SSc-ILD patients and underlines the need for more data about upfront combination versus monotherapy. It also highlighted the need to identify predictors supporting drug choice according to both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lazzaroni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Zanatta
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Disease, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
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19
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Karassa FB, Bougioukas KI, Pelechas E, Skalkou A, Argyriou E, Haidich AB. Pharmacological treatment for connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung involvement: Protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272327. [PMID: 35921316 PMCID: PMC9348721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most important pulmonary manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) since it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, there is uncertainty on what constitutes the optimal treatment options from a variety of competing interventions. The aim of the overview is to summarize existing evidence of the effectiveness and harm of pharmacological therapies for adults with CTD-ILD.
Methods
A literature search will be conducted in MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination Health Technology Assessment database, Epistemonikos.org, KSR Evidence, and PROSPERO. We will search for systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that examine pharmacological treatment for CTD-ILD. Updated supplemental search will also be undertaken to identify additional randomized controlled trials. The primary outcomes will be changes in lung function measures and adverse events. The methodological quality of the included reviews will be assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The overall quality of the evidence will be evaluated using the GRADE rating. Summarized outcome data extracted from systematic reviews will be described in narrative form or in tables. For each meta-analysis we will estimate the summary effect size by use of random-effects and fixed-effects models with 95% confidence intervals, the between-study heterogeneity expressed by I², and the 95% prediction interval. If feasible, given sufficient data, network meta-analysis will be conducted to combine direct and indirect evidence of class and agent comparisons.
Discussion
While many factors are crucial in selecting an appropriate treatment for patients with CTD-ILD, evidence for the efficacy and safety of a drug is essential in guiding this decision. Thus, this overview will aid clinicians in balancing the risks versus benefits of the available therapies by providing high-quality evidence to support informed decision-making and may contribute to future guideline development.
Systematic review registration
MedRxiv: DOI 10.1101/2022.01.25.22269807
PROSPERO: CRD42022303180
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini B. Karassa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Bougioukas
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine & Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Pelechas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia Skalkou
- Division of Rheumatology, Police Medical Center of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine & Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- * E-mail:
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20
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Assessment of disease outcome measures in systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:527-541. [PMID: 35859133 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of disease activity in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is challenging owing to its heterogeneous manifestations across multiple organ systems, the variable rate of disease progression and regression, and the relative paucity of patients in early-phase therapeutic trials. Despite some recent successes, most clinical trials have failed to show efficacy, underscoring the need for improved outcome measures linked directly to disease pathogenesis, particularly applicable for biomarker studies focused on skin disease. Current outcome measures in SSc-associated interstitial lung disease and SSc skin disease are largely adequate, although advancing imaging technology and the incorporation of skin mRNA biomarkers might provide opportunities for earlier detection of the therapeutic effect. Biomarkers can further inform pathogenesis, enabling early phase trials to act as reverse translational studies through the incorporation of routine high-throughput sequencing.
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21
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Noviani M, Chellamuthu VR, Albani S, Low AHL. Toward Molecular Stratification and Precision Medicine in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:911977. [PMID: 35847779 PMCID: PMC9279904 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a complex multi-systemic disease characterized by immune dysregulation, vasculopathy and fibrosis, is associated with high mortality. Its pathogenesis is only partially understood. The heterogenous pathological processes that define SSc and its stages present a challenge to targeting appropriate treatment, with differing treatment outcomes of SSc patients despite similar initial clinical presentations. Timing of the appropriate treatments targeted at the underlying disease process is critical. For example, immunomodulatory treatments may be used for patients in a predominantly inflammatory phase, anti-fibrotic treatments for those in the fibrotic phase, or combination therapies for those in the fibro-inflammatory phase. In advancing personalized care through precision medicine, groups of patients with similar disease characteristics and shared pathological processes may be identified through molecular stratification. This would improve current clinical sub-setting systems and guide personalization of therapies. In this review, we will provide updates in SSc clinical and molecular stratification in relation to patient outcomes and treatment responses. Promises of molecular stratification through advances in high-dimensional tools, including omic-based stratification (transcriptomics, genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, cytomics, microbiomics) and machine learning will be discussed. Innovative and more granular stratification systems that integrate molecular characteristics to clinical phenotypes would potentially improve therapeutic approaches through personalized medicine and lead to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Noviani
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Salvatore Albani
- Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Hsiu Ling Low
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Andrea Hsiu Ling Low
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22
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González-Sánchez E, Muñoz-Callejas A, Gómez-Román J, San Antonio E, Marengo A, Tsapis N, Bohne-Japiassu K, González-Tajuelo R, Pereda S, García-Pérez J, Cavagna L, González-Gay MÁ, Vicente-Rabaneda E, Meloni F, Fattal E, Castañeda S, Urzainqui A. Everolimus targeted nanotherapy reduces inflammation and fibrosis in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) developed by PSGL-1 deficient mice. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4534-4548. [PMID: 35726496 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the main cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and current therapies available are of low efficacy or high toxicity. Thus, the identification of innovative less toxic and high efficacy therapeutic approaches to ILD treatment is a crucial point. P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 (PSGL-1) interaction with P-selectin initiates leukocyte extravasation and the lack of its expression brings to SSc-like syndrome with high incidence of ILD in aged mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aged PSGL-1-/- mice were used to assay the therapeutic efficacy of an innovative nanotherapy with everolimus (Ev), included in liposomes decorated with high MW hyaluronic acid (LipHA+Ev) and administrated intratracheally to specifically target CD44-expressing lung cells. KEY RESULTS PSGL-1-/- mice had increased number of CD45+ and CD45- cells, including alveolar and interstitial macrophages, eosinophils, granulocytes and NK cells, and elevated number of myofibroblasts in broncoalveolar lavage (BAL). CD45+ and CD45- cells expressing proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines were also increased. PSGL-1-/- mice lung histopathology showed increased immune cell infiltration and apoptosis and exacerbated interstitial and peribronchial fibrosis. Targeted nanotherapy with LipHA+Ev reduced BAL number of myofibroblast, cells producing proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and the degree of lung inflammation at histology. LipHA+Ev treatment also provided an important decrease in severity of peribronchial and interstitial lung fibrosis from moderate to mild injury score. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our preclinical study in PSGL-1-/- mice indicates that targeted nanotherapy with LipHA+Ev represents an effective treatment for SSc-ILD, reducing the number of inflammatory and fibrotic cells in BAL and reducing inflammation and fibrosis in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Sánchez
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Román
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Esther San Antonio
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro Marengo
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kamila Bohne-Japiassu
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rafael González-Tajuelo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saray Pereda
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- Pneumology Department, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Rheumatology Department, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Gay
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Vicente-Rabaneda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federica Meloni
- Internal Medicine Department, Pneumology Division, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation and Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR CNRS 8612. School of Pharmacy at University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Cathedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica (FIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Ahmed S, Handa R. Management of Connective Tissue Disease-related Interstitial Lung Disease. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 11:86-98. [PMID: 35530438 PMCID: PMC9062859 DOI: 10.1007/s13665-022-00290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review aims to collate current evidence on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of various connective tissue disease (CTD)–associated interstitial lung diseases (CTD-ILD) and present a contemporary framework for the management of such patients. It also seeks to summarize treatment outcomes including efficacy and safety of immunosuppressants, anti-fibrotics, and stem cell transplantation in CTD-ILD. Recent Findings Screening for ILD has been augmented by the use of artificial intelligence, ultra-low dose computerized tomography (CT) of the chest, and the use of chest ultrasound. Serum biomarkers have not found their way into clinical practice as yet. Identifying patients who need treatment and choosing the appropriate therapy is important to minimize the risk of therapy-related toxicity. The first-line drugs for systemic sclerosis (SSc) ILD include mycophenolate and cyclophosphamide. Nintedanib, an anti-fibrotic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for use in SSc-ILD. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved tocilizumab subcutaneous injection for slowing the rate of decline in pulmonary function in adult patients with SSc-ILD. Autologous stem cell transplantation may have a role in select cases of SSc-ILD. Summary CTD-ILD is a challenging area with diverse entities and variable outcomes. High-resolution CT is the investigative modality of choice. Treatment decisions need to be individualized and are based on patient symptoms, lung function, radiologic abnormalities, and the risk of disease progression. Precision medicine may play an important role in determining the optimal therapy for an individual patient in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakir Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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24
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Systemic Scleroderma-Definition, Clinical Picture and Laboratory Diagnostics. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092299. [PMID: 35566425 PMCID: PMC9100749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Scleroderma (Sc) is a rare connective tissue disease classified as an autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. (2) Methods: This article reviews the literature on systemic scleroderma (SSc). A review of available scientific articles was conducted using the PubMed database with a time range of January 1985 to December 2021. (3) Results and Conclusions: The article is a review of information on epidemiology, criteria for diagnosis, pathogenesis, a variety of clinical pictures and the possibility of laboratory diagnostic in the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic scleroderma.
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25
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Farina N, Benanti G, De Luca G, Palmisano A, Peretto G, Tomassetti S, Giorgione V, Forma O, Esposito A, Danese S, Dagna L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Campochiaro C. The Role of the Multidisciplinary Health Care Team in the Management of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:815-824. [PMID: 35480063 PMCID: PMC9035450 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s295478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterised by immune dysfunction, vascular damage and fibrosis affecting the skin and multiple internal organs. The clinical spectrum of SSc is wide and its manifestations may lead to severe morbidity and mortality, in addition to a great impact on patients’ quality of life. Due to the multifaceted clinical manifestations of SSc, its management requires a combined expertise of different medical specialists to guarantee an adequate disease control and prevent organ complications. Multi-disciplinary teams (MDT), which are composed by physicians and other specialized health professionals, represent therefore a key element for the comprehensive management of SSc patients. Moreover, MTD can improve communication and patients’ empowerment while the presence of dedicated nurses can help patients to ask questions about their condition. The scope of this narrative review is to analyse the available evidences regarding the role of MDT in the management of SSc patients, and how this holistic approach may improve different disease domains and the overall prognosis. MDT regarding the cardiovascular and lung complication are the more represented in literature, given the great impact in prognosis. Nonetheless, MDT have been shown to be fundamental also in other disease domains as they can intercept early manifestations, thus stratifying patients based on the individual risks in order to personalize patients’ follow-up. MDTs may also minimize the treatment delay, enabling fast-track specialist referral. On the other hand, there are few trials specifically studying MDT in SSc and several authors have highlight the lack of standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Farina
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benanti
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Palmisano
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- Unit of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Giorgione
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ornella Forma
- Vulnology Nursing Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence and Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: Corrado Campochiaro, Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, 20132, Italy, Tel +39 0226437060, Fax +39 0226433729, Email
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Glynn P, Hale S, Hussain T, Freed BH. Cardiovascular Imaging for Systemic Sclerosis Monitoring and Management. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:846213. [PMID: 35433887 PMCID: PMC9008238 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex connective tissue disease with multiple clinical and subclinical cardiac manifestations. SSc can affect most structural components of the heart, including the pericardium, myocardium, valves, and conduction system through a damaging cycle of inflammation, ischemia, and fibrosis. While cardiac involvement is the second leading SSc-related cause of death, it is frequently clinically silent in early disease and often missed with routine screening. To facilitate identification of cardiac disease in this susceptible population, we present here a review of cardiac imaging modalities and potential uses in the SSc patient population. We describe well-characterized techniques including electrocardiography and 2D echocardiography with Doppler, but also discuss more advanced imaging approaches, such as speckle-tracking echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and stress imaging, among others. We also suggest an algorithm for the appropriate application of these modalities in the workup and management of patients with SSc. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for cardiac imaging in SSc research to achieve early detection and to optimize treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Glynn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah Hale
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tasmeen Hussain
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Freed
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Benjamin H. Freed,
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Herrick AL, Assassi S, Denton CP. Skin involvement in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: an unmet clinical need. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:276-285. [PMID: 35292731 PMCID: PMC8922394 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) is associated with high mortality resulting from early internal-organ involvement. Clinicians therefore tend to focus on early diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening cardiorespiratory and renal disease. However, the rapidly progressive painful, itchy skin tightening that characterizes dcSSc is the symptom that has the greatest effect on patients' quality of life, and there is currently no effective disease-modifying treatment for it. Considerable advances have been made in predicting the extent and rate of skin-disease progression (which vary between patients), including the development of techniques such as molecular analysis of skin biopsy samples. Risk stratification for progressive skin disease is especially relevant now that haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is a treatment option, because stratification will inform the balance of risk versus benefit for each patient. Measurement of skin disease is a major challenge. Results from clinical trials have highlighted limitations of the modified Rodnan skin score (the current gold standard). Alternative patient-reported and other potential outcome measures have been and are being developed. Patients with early dcSSc should be referred to specialist centres to ensure best-practice management, including the management of their skin disease, and to maximize opportunities for inclusion in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Shervin Assassi
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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Kodumudi V, Bibb LA, Adalsteinsson JA, Shahriari N, Skudalski L, Santiago S, Grant-Kels JM, Lu J. Emerging Therapeutics in the Management of Connective Tissue Disease. Part II. Dermatomyositis and Scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 87:21-38. [PMID: 35202777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of connective tissue diseases is dramatically evolving with the advent of biologics and novel oral systemic therapeutics. Despite involvement in the care of these complex patients, there is a knowledge gap in the field of dermatology regarding these emerging agents. The second article in this continuing medical education series discusses new and emerging therapeutics for dermatomyositis and scleroderma that target cells, intracellular signaling pathways, and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kodumudi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Lorin A Bibb
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Neda Shahriari
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sueheidi Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT.
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Lazzaroni MG, Crisafulli F, Moschetti L, Semeraro P, Cunha AR, Neto A, Lojacono A, Ramazzotto F, Zanardini C, Zatti S, Airò P, Tincani A, Franceschini F, Andreoli L. Reproductive Issues and Pregnancy Implications in Systemic Sclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 64:321-342. [PMID: 35040084 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease that can influence reproductive health. SSc has a strong female predominance, and the disease onset can occur during fertility age in almost 50% of patients. Preconception counseling, adjustment of treatment, and close surveillance during pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team, are key points to minimize fetal and maternal risks and favor successful pregnancy outcomes. The rates of spontaneous pregnancy losses are comparable to those of the general obstetric population, except for patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and severe internal organ involvement who may carry a higher risk of abortion. Preterm birth can frequently occur in women with SSc, as it happens in other rheumatic diseases. Overall disease activity generally remains stable during pregnancy, but particular attention should be paid to women with major organ disease, such as renal and cardiopulmonary involvement. Women with such severe involvement should be thoroughly informed about the risks during pregnancy and possibly discouraged from getting pregnant. A high frequency of sexual dysfunction has been described among SSc patients, both in females and in males, and pathogenic mechanisms of SSc may play a fundamental role in determining this impairment. Fertility is overall normal in SSc women, while no studies in the literature have investigated fertility in SSc male patients. Nevertheless, some considerations regarding the impact of some immunosuppressive drugs should be done with male patients, referring to the knowledge gained in other rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Grazia Lazzaroni
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Crisafulli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Liala Moschetti
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Semeraro
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ana-Rita Cunha
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Agna Neto
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Andrea Lojacono
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, ASST Garda Ospedale of Desenzano, Desenzano del Garda, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Zanardini
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Zatti
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Airò
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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30
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Herrick AL. Advances in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022. [DOI: 10.17925/rmd.2022.1.2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although systemic sclerosis (SSc) is currently incurable, there have been recent advances in treatment. This review article begins by providing a brief background to SSc in terms of disease subtyping and autoantibodies, because both predict disease trajectory and help clinicians to select appropriate monitoring and treatment protocols. Broad principles of management are then described: ‘disease-modifying’ therapies and therapies directed at reducing disease burden and/or progression of SSc-related digital vascular disease and of internal organ involvement. Next, advances in the management of digital vasculopathy, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and early diffuse cutaneous SSc are discussed in turn, for example: (a) increased use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists for digital vasculopathy; (b) early recognition and treatment of PAH, including with combination therapies; (c) increased use of mycophenolate mofetil and of nintedanib in ILD; and (d) immunosuppression now as standard practice in early diffuse cutaneous SSc, and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for highly selected patients with progressive diffuse disease. Finally, future challenges are discussed, including ensuring that all patients with SSc are monitored and treated according to best practice guidelines, and whenever possible giving patients the opportunity to participate in clinical trials.
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Hoa S, Baron M, Hudson M. Screening and management of subclinical interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: an international survey. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:3401-3407. [PMID: 34918033 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Experts now recommend HRCT screening in all SSc patients and treatment of subclinical ILD in SSc patients with high-risk phenotypes. We undertook an international survey to understand current screening and treatment practices in subclinical SSc-ILD. METHODS An electronic REDCap survey was distributed to 611 general rheumatologists, 348 national and international SSc experts, 285 general respirologists and 57 ILD experts. RESULTS 198 participants responded to the survey, including 135 (68%) rheumatologists and 54 (27%) respirologists. Over half (59%) of respondents routinely ordered HRCTs in all newly diagnosed SSc patients, although this practice was more common in Europe (83%), the United States (68%), Asia (73%) and Latin America (100%) compared to Canada (40%) and Australia (40%). Nearly half (48%) of respondents would not treat subclinical SSc-ILD, whereas 52% would treat or consider treatment. At least 70% would likely treat subclinical ILD in the setting of diffuse SSc, anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies, disease duration below 18 months, ground-glass opacities, oxygen desaturation, or significant ILD progression on imaging or pulmonary function tests. The majority (67%) of respirologists would not treat subclinical ILD. Mycophenolate mofetil was the preferred first-line drug for the treatment of subclinical SSc-ILD. CONCLUSION This international survey highlights important regional variations in SSc-ILD screening and significant heterogeneity among rheumatologists and respirologists in the treatment of subclinical SSc-ILD. High-quality research addressing these questions is needed to produce evidence-based guidelines and harmonize the approach to identification and treatment of subclinical SSc-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hoa
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Murray Baron
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Thoreau B, Chaigne B, Renaud A, Mouthon L. Treatment of systemic sclerosis. Presse Med 2021; 50:104088. [PMID: 34718109 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by skin and visceral fibrosis, vascular hyperreactivity and obliterative vasculopathy. Some of its complications such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and heart involvement can be life-threatening and are associated with a high mortality and a poor prognosis. Many clinical trials were carried out in order to improve the survival and prognosis of SSc patients. The management of SSc is based on the frequent and regular assessment of the potential organ damage, and if present, the establishment of graduated pharmacological therapeutic strategies, associated with non-pharmacological procedures. Several randomized clinical trials have showed significant positive outcomes regarding some specific involvements. Many advances have been made, especially in the field of targeted therapies and personalized medicine, based on specific characteristics of the patient and the SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thoreau
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence Maladies Systémiques Autoimmunes Rares d'Ile de France, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Chaigne
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence Maladies Systémiques Autoimmunes Rares d'Ile de France, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Arthur Renaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Compétence Maladies Systémiques Autoimmunes Rares, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence Maladies Systémiques Autoimmunes Rares d'Ile de France, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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33
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Promise and challenge of systemic sclerosis therapies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:581-582. [PMID: 34363066 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Romano E, Rosa I, Fioretto BS, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. New Insights into Profibrotic Myofibroblast Formation in Systemic Sclerosis: When the Vascular Wall Becomes the Enemy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:610. [PMID: 34202703 PMCID: PMC8307837 DOI: 10.3390/life11070610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In systemic sclerosis (SSc), abnormalities in microvessel morphology occur early and evolve into a distinctive vasculopathy that relentlessly advances in parallel with the development of tissue fibrosis orchestrated by myofibroblasts in nearly all affected organs. Our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying such a unique relationship between SSc-related vasculopathy and fibrosis has profoundly changed over the last few years. Indeed, increasing evidence has suggested that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a process in which profibrotic myofibroblasts originate from endothelial cells, may take center stage in SSc pathogenesis. While in arterioles and small arteries EndoMT may lead to the accumulation of myofibroblasts within the vessel wall and development of fibroproliferative vascular lesions, in capillary vessels it may instead result in vascular destruction and formation of myofibroblasts that migrate into the perivascular space with consequent tissue fibrosis and microvessel rarefaction, which are hallmarks of SSc. Besides endothelial cells, other vascular wall-resident cells, such as pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, may acquire a myofibroblast-like synthetic phenotype contributing to both SSc-related vascular dysfunction and fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of myofibroblasts inside the vessel wall provides the rationale for novel targeted therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (E.R.); (B.S.F.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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