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Britsemmer JH, Krause C, Taege N, Geißler C, Lopez-Alcantara N, Schmidtke L, Naujack AM, Wagner J, Wolter S, Mann O, Kirchner H. Fatty Acid Induced Hypermethylation in the Slc2a4 Gene in Visceral Adipose Tissue Is Associated to Insulin-Resistance and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076417. [PMID: 37047391 PMCID: PMC10094548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis (DNL) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with systemic insulin sensitivity. DNL in VAT is regulated through ChREBP activity and glucose uptake through Glut4 (encoded by Slc2a4). Slc2a4 expression, ChREBP activity, and DNL are decreased in obesity, the underlying cause however remains unidentified. We hypothesize that increased DNA methylation in an enhancer region of Slc2a4 decreases Slc2a4 expression in obesity and insulin resistance. We found that SLC2A4 expression in VAT of morbidly obese subjects with high HbA1c (>6.5%, n = 35) is decreased, whereas DNA methylation is concomitantly increased compared to morbidly obese subjects with low HbA1c (≤6.5%, n = 65). In diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, DNA methylation of Slc2a4 persistently increases with the onset of obesity and insulin resistance, while gene expression progressively decreases. The regulatory impact of DNA methylation in the investigated enhancer region on SLC2A4 gene expression was validated with a reporter gene assay. Additionally, treatment of 3T3 pre-adipocytes with palmitate/oleate during differentiation decreased DNA methylation and increased Slc2a4 expression. These findings highlight a potential regulation of Slc2a4 by DNA methylation in VAT, which is induced by fatty acids and may play a role in the progression of obesity and insulin resistance in humans.
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Cruz-García EM, Frigolet ME, Canizales-Quinteros S, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Differential Gene Expression of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue among Lean, Obese, and after RYGB (Different Timepoints): Systematic Review and Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224925. [PMID: 36432612 PMCID: PMC9693162 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main roles of adipose tissue include triglycerides storage and adipokine secretion, which regulate energy balance and inflammation status. In obesity, adipocyte dysfunction leads to proinflammatory cytokine production and insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity, the gold-standard technique being Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Since metabolic improvements after RYGB are clear, a better understanding of adipose tissue molecular modifications could be derived from this study. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to find differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of lean, obese and post-RYGB (distinct timepoints). To address this objective, publications from 2015-2022 reporting gene expression (candidate genes or transcriptomic approach) of subcutaneous adipose tissue from lean and obese individuals before and after RGYB were searched in PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer Link. Excluded publications were reviews, studies analyzing serum, other types of tissues, or bariatric procedures. A risk-of-bias summary was created for each paper using Robvis, to finally include 17 studies. Differentially expressed genes in post-RYGB vs. obese and lean vs. obese were obtained and the intersection among these groups was used for analysis and gene classification by metabolic pathway. Results showed that the lean state as well as the post-RYGB is similar in terms of increased expression of insulin-sensitizing molecules, inducing lipogenesis over lipolysis and downregulating leukocyte activation, cytokine production and other factors that promote inflammation. Thus, massive weight loss and metabolic improvements after RYGB are accompanied by gene expression modifications reverting the "adipocyte dysfunction" phenomenon observed in obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marisol Cruz-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - María E. Frigolet
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genόmica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5552289917 (ext. 4509)
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de Paula DG, Bohlen TM, Zampieri TT, Mansano NS, Vieira HR, Gusmao DO, Wasinski F, Donato J, Frazao R. Distinct effects of growth hormone deficiency and disruption of hypothalamic kisspeptin system on reproduction of male mice. Life Sci 2021; 285:119970. [PMID: 34562435 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is a common cause of late sexual maturation and fertility issues. To determine whether GH-induced effects on reproduction are associated with alterations in hypothalamic kisspeptin system, we studied the male reproduction in two distinct GH deficiency mouse models. In the first model, mice present GH deficiency secondary to arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) lesions induced by posnatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) injections. MSG-induced ARH lesions led to significant reductions in hypothalamic Ghrh mRNA expression and consequently growth. Hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression and Kiss1-expressing cells in the ARH were disrupted in the MSG-treated mice. In contrast, kisspeptin immunoreactivity remained preserved in the anteroventral periventricular and rostral periventricular nuclei (AVPV/PeN) of MSG-treated mice. Importantly, ARH lesions caused late sexual maturation and infertility in male mice. In our second mouse model, we studied animals profound GH deficiency due to a loss-of-function mutation in the Ghrhr gene (Ghrhrlit/lit mice). Interestingly, although Ghrhrlit/lit mice exhibited late puberty onset, hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression and hypothalamic kisspeptin fiber density were normal in Ghrhrlit/lit mice. Despite presenting dwarfism, the majority of Ghrhrlit/lit male mice were fertile. These findings suggest that spontaneous GH deficiency during development does not compromise the kisspeptin system. Furthermore, ARH Kiss1-expressing neurons are required for fertility, while AVPV/PeN kisspeptin expression is sufficient to allow maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella G de Paula
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tabata M Bohlen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Tessari Zampieri
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naira S Mansano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique R Vieira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela O Gusmao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Regulation of lymphatic function and injury by nitrosative stress in obese mice. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101081. [PMID: 32941994 PMCID: PMC7536739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity results in lymphatic dysfunction, but the cellular mechanisms that mediate this effect remain largely unknown. Previous studies in obese mice have shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing (iNOS+) inflammatory cells accumulate around lymphatic vessels. In the current study, we therefore tested the hypothesis that increased expression of iNOS results in nitrosative stress and injury to the lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In addition, we tested the hypothesis that lymphatic injury, independent of obesity, can modulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods We compared the metabolic changes and lymphatic function of wild-type and iNOS knockout mice fed a normal chow or high-fat diet for 16 weeks. To corroborate our in vivo findings, we analyzed the effects of reactive nitrogen species on isolated LECs. Finally, using a genetically engineered mouse model that allows partial ablation of the lymphatic system, we studied the effects of acute lymphatic injury on glucose and lipid metabolism in lean mice. Results The mesenteric lymphatic vessels of obese wild-type animals were dilated, leaky, and surrounded by iNOS+ inflammatory cells with resulting increased accumulation of reactive nitrogen species when compared with lean wild-type or obese iNOS knockout animals. These changes in obese wild-type mice were associated with systemic glucose and lipid abnormalities, as well as decreased mesenteric LEC expression of lymphatic-specific genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and antioxidant genes as compared with lean wild-type or obese iNOS knockout animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that isolated LECs were more sensitive to reactive nitrogen species than blood endothelial cells, and that this sensitivity was ameliorated by antioxidant therapies. Finally, using mice in which the lymphatics were specifically ablated using diphtheria toxin, we found that the interaction between metabolic abnormalities caused by obesity and lymphatic dysfunction is bidirectional. Targeted partial ablation of mesenteric lymphatic channels of lean mice resulted in increased accumulation of iNOS+ inflammatory cells and increased reactive nitrogen species. Lymphatic ablation also caused marked abnormalities in insulin sensitivity, serum glucose and insulin concentrations, expression of insulin-sensitive genes, lipid metabolism, and significantly increased systemic and mesenteric white adipose tissue (M-WAT) inflammatory responses. Conclusions Our studies suggest that increased iNOS production in obese animals plays a key role in regulating lymphatic injury by increasing nitrosative stress. In addition, our studies suggest that obesity-induced lymphatic injury may amplify metabolic abnormalities by increasing systemic and local inflammatory responses and regulating insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that manipulation of the lymphatic system may represent a novel means of treating metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity. Increased iNOS+ cells around mesenteric lymphatics of high fat diet-induced obese mice. iNOS knockout mice are protected from obesity-induced lymphatic dysfunction. Lymphatic endothelial cells are highly sensitive to nitrosative stress. Nitrosative stress causes lymphatic gene regulation. Lymphatic injury alone enhances iNOS+ cells and causes insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
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Nathanael J, Harsono HCA, Wibawa AD, Suardana P, Vianney YM, Dwi Putra SE. The genetic basis of high-carbohydrate and high-monosodium glutamate diet related to the increase of likelihood of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review. Endocrine 2020; 69:18-29. [PMID: 32172486 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases. Aside from the genetic factor, previous studies stated that other factors such as environment, lifestyle, and paternal-maternal condition play critical roles in diabetes through DNA methylation in specific areas of the genome. One of diabetic cases is caused by insulin resistance and changing the homeostasis of blood glucose control so glucose concentration stood beyond normal rate (hyperglycemia). High fat diet has been frequently studied and linked to triggering diabetes. However, most Asians consume rice (or food with high carbohydrate) and food with monosodium glutamate (MSG). This habit could lead to pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Previous studies showed that high-carbohydrate or high-MSG diet could change gene expression or modify protein activity in body metabolism. This imbalanced metabolism can lead to pleiotropic effects of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the authors have attempted to relate various changes in genes expression or protein activity to the high-carbohydrate and high-MSG-induced diabetes. The authors have also tried to relate several genes that contribute to pathophysiology of T2D and proposed several ideas of genes as markers and target for curing people with T2D. These are done by investigating altered activities of various genes that cause or are caused by diabetes. These genes are selected based on their roles in pathophysiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nathanael
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Hans Cristian Adhinatya Harsono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Aubrey Druce Wibawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Putu Suardana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Raya Kalirungkut, Surabaya, East Java, 60292, Indonesia.
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Han XQ, Zhang LY, Ding L, Shi HH, Xue CH, Zhang TT, Wang YM. Synergistic effect of sea cucumber saponins and EPA-enriched phospholipids on insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2020; 10:3955-3964. [PMID: 31199413 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber saponins (SCS) exhibit a significant effect on ameliorating glucose and lipid disorders by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis; however, high cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity limit their application. Eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) significantly ameliorate insulin resistance and elevate the level of hepatic lipolysis, which may have a synergistic effect with SCS in alleviating obesity-related insulin resistance via multiple mechanisms. In the present study, high-fat diet-induced male C57BL/6J mice with obesity-related insulin resistance were used to evaluate the synergistic effect of SCS and EPA-PL on alleviating the insulin resistance. Results show that the combination of SCS and EPA-PL at a half dose exhibited a significant improvement on glucose intolerance and systematic insulin sensitivity than SCS or EPA-PL alone. Moreover, the half dose-combination remarkably inhibited the macrophage infiltration (F4/80) to white adipose tissue (WAT) and significantly down-regulated the level of MCP1, TNF-α and IL-6 compared with SCS and EPA-PL alone. Consequently, the combined administration not only decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased hepatic glycogen synthesis (P < 0.05), but also stimulated the glucose uptake in WAT and muscle (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, neither SCS or EPA-PL alone exhibited any effect on the glucose uptake. The combination of SCS and EPA-PL contributed to a synergistic effect on alleviating the obesity-related insulin resistance due to the amelioration of an inflammation-centric peripheral insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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7
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Shen X, Wang L, Zhou N, Gai S, Liu X, Zhang S. Beneficial effects of combination therapy of phloretin and metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and improved insulin sensitivity in vitro. Food Funct 2020; 11:392-403. [PMID: 31821397 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin combined with metformin ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism in STZ-induced T2D rats via AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Air Force Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Libin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Air Force Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shouchang Gai
- Department of Pharmacy
- Hospital of 79 Group Army
- Liaoyang
- China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Air Force Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Air Force Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
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Marucci A, Antonucci A, De Bonis C, Mangiacotti D, Scarale MG, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. GALNT2 as a novel modulator of adipogenesis and adipocyte insulin signaling. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2448-2457. [PMID: 31040393 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A better understanding of adipose tissue biology is crucial to tackle insulin resistance and eventually coronary heart disease and diabetes, leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. GALNT2, a GalNAc-transferase, positively modulates insulin signaling in human liver cells by down-regulating ENPP1, an insulin signaling inhibitor. GALNT2 expression is increased in adipose tissue of obese as compared to that of non-obese individuals. Whether this association is secondary to a GALNT2-insulin sensitizing effect exerted also in adipocytes is unknown. We then investigated in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes the GALNT2 effect on adipogenesis, insulin signaling and expression levels of both Enpp1 and 72 adipogenesis-related genes. METHODS Stable over-expressing GALNT2 and GFP preadipocytes (T0) were generated. Adipogenesis was induced with (R+) or without (R-) rosiglitazone and investigated after 15 days (T15). Lipid accumulation (by Oil Red-O staining) and intracellular triglycerides (by fluorimetric assay) were measured. Lipid droplets (LD) measures were analyzed at confocal microscope. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR and insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR), IRS1, JNK and AKT phosphorylation by Western blot. RESULTS Lipid accumulation, triglycerides and LD measures progressively increased from T0 to T15R- and furthermore to T15R+. Such increases were significantly higher in GALNT2 than in GFP cells so that, as compared to T15R+GFP, T15R- GALNT2 cells showed similar (intracellular lipid and triglycerides accumulation) or even higher (LD measures, p < 0.01) values. In GALNT2 preadipocytes, insulin-induced IR, IRS1 and AKT activation was higher than that in GFP cells. GALNT2 effect was totally abolished during adipocyte maturation and completely reversed at late stage maturation. Such GALNT2 effect trajectory was paralleled by coordinated changes in the expression of Enpp1 and adipocyte-maturation key genes. CONCLUSIONS GALNT2 is a novel modulator of adipogenesis and related cellular phenotypes, thus becoming a potential target for tackling the obesity epidemics and its devastating sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Antonucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta De Bonis
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Mangiacotti
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Mori RC, Poças da Silva T, Campello RS, Machado UF. Carbenoxolone enhances peripheral insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of obese rats: Potential participation of UBC9 protein. Life Sci 2019; 229:157-165. [PMID: 31077719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the insulin sensitizer effect of carbenoxolone (CBX) and potentially involved peripheral mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Taking glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) as a marker of glucose disposal, we investigated the CBX effects on whole-body insulin sensitivity and solute carrier 2a4 (Slc2a4)/GLUT4 expression in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues and soleus muscle of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats. Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1), an enhancer of Slc2a4 expression was analyzed through mRNA content and SREBP1-binding to Slc2a4 promoter. Finally, the small ubiquitin-modifier conjugating enzyme 9 (UBC9), whose low content indicates accelerated GLUT4 degradation was analyzed in soleus. KEY FINDINGS Hypercorticosteronemia, hyperinsulinemia and low glucose decay rate in the insulin tolerance test of obese rats were restored by CBX (P < 0.05). Slc2a4/GLUT4 increased in SAT (P < 0.05) and decreased in VAT (P < 0.01) of obese rats. In soleus, obesity increased Slc2a4 but decreased GLUT4 (P < 0.01), possibly by accelerating GLUT4 degradation, as suggested by decreased UBC9 (P < 0.01). CBX restored both UBC9 and GLUT4 contents. SREBP1 did not participate in the Slc2a4 transcriptional regulation. SIGNIFICANCE The insulin sensitizer effect of CBX involves the increase of GLUT4 expression in soleus, indicating an increased glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. This observation reinforces the skeletal muscle as the main site of insulin-induced glucose uptake and sheds new light on the metabolic effects of 11βHSD1 inhibitors, since most of the studies so far have focused on its effects on liver and adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Cristina Mori
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Poças da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Saldanha Campello
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Guedes JAC, Esteves JV, Morais MR, Zorn TM, Furuya DT. Osteocalcin improves insulin resistance and inflammation in obese mice: Participation of white adipose tissue and bone. Bone 2018; 115:68-82. [PMID: 29183784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The discovery of osteocalcin, a protein synthetized by osteoblasts, as a hormone that has positive effects on insulin resistance, contributed to support the concept of bone as an endocrine organ. However, very little is known about the molecular pathways involved in osteocalcin improved-insulin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of osteocalcin on insulin resistance and inflammation in obese mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Lean control, saline-treated obese and uncarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC)-treated obese mice were subjected to insulin tolerance test in vivo. Blood was collect for biochemical/metabolic profile analysis; and, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and bone were collected for protein (Western blotting) and mRNA (RT-qPCR) analysis. uOC effects on insulin resistance and inflammation were also investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes challenged with tumor necrosis factor. Osteocalcin treatment improved in vivo insulin resistance in obese mice. In WAT, osteocalcin had positive effects such as (1) WAT weight reduction; (2) upregulation of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 protein and its mRNA (Slc2a4); (3) improved insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation; (4) downregulation of several genes involved in inflammation and inflammassome transcriptional machinery, and (5) reduction of the density of macrophage in crown-like structures (histomorphometrical analysis). Notably, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, osteocalcin restored Slc2a4/GLUT4 content and reduced the expression of inflammatory genes after TNF-a challenge; moreover, osteocalcin treatment increased AKT phosphorylation induced by insulin. Finally, it was observed that in bone, osteocalcin improves insulin resistance by increasing insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation and reducing the expression of genes involved in bone insulin resistance, resulting in increased secretion of uncarboxylated osteocalcin in circulation. CONCLUSION We provided some mechanisms of action for osteocalcin in the amelioration of insulin resistance in obesity: in WAT, osteocalcin improves insulin resistance by decreasing inflammation, and increasing insulin signaling and the expression of Slc2a4/GLUT4; and, in bone, osteocalcin increases the secretion of uncarboxylated osteocalcin by improving insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C Guedes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J V Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Morais
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Zorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D T Furuya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ebersbach-Silva P, Poletto AC, David-Silva A, Seraphim PM, Anhê GF, Passarelli M, Furuya DT, Machado UF. Palmitate-induced Slc2a4/GLUT4 downregulation in L6 muscle cells: evidence of inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress involvement. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:64. [PMID: 29609616 PMCID: PMC5879605 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is strongly associated to insulin resistance, inflammation, and elevated plasma free fatty acids, but the mechanisms behind this association are not fully comprehended. Evidences suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a role in this complex pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of inflammation and ER stress in the modulation of glucose transporter GLUT4, encoded by Slc2a4 gene, in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Methods L6 cells were acutely (2 h) and chronically (6 and 12 h) exposed to palmitate, and the expression of several proteins involved in insulin resistance, ER stress and inflammation were analyzed. Results Chronic and acute palmitate exposure significantly reduced GLUT4 protein (~ 39%, P < 0.01) and its mRNA (18%, P < 0.01) expression. Only acute palmitate treatment increased GRP78 (28%, P < 0.05), PERK (98%, P < 0.01), eIF-2A (35%, P < 0.01), IRE1a (60%, P < 0.05) and TRAF2 (23%, P < 0.05) protein content, and PERK phosphorylation (106%, P < 0.001), but did not elicit eIF-2A, IKK phosphorylation or increased XBP1 nuclear content. Additionally, acute and chronic palmitate increased NFKB p65 nuclear content (~ 30%, P < 0.05) and NFKB binding activity to Slc2a4 gene promoter (~ 45%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Different pathways are activated in acute and chronic palmitate induced-repression of Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression. This regulation involves activation of initial component of ER stress, such as the formation of a IRE1a-TRAF2-IKK complex, and converges to NFKB-induced repression of Slc2a4/GLUT4. These results link ER stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in L6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ebersbach-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Poletto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Aline David-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Monteiro Seraphim
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Tomie Furuya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
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12
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Dias S, Paredes S, Ribeiro L. Drugs Involved in Dyslipidemia and Obesity Treatment: Focus on Adipose Tissue. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2637418. [PMID: 29593789 PMCID: PMC5822899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2637418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome can be defined as a state of disturbed metabolic homeostasis characterized by visceral obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and insulin resistance. The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome will certainly contribute to the burden of cardiovascular disease. Obesity and dyslipidemia are main features of metabolic syndrome, and both can present with adipose tissue dysfunction, involved in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this syndrome. We revised the effects, and underlying mechanisms, of the current approved drugs for dyslipidemia and obesity (fibrates, statins, niacin, resins, ezetimibe, and orlistat; sibutramine; and diethylpropion, phentermine/topiramate, bupropion and naltrexone, and liraglutide) on adipose tissue. Specifically, we explored how these drugs can modulate the complex pathways involved in metabolism, inflammation, atherogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and adipogenesis. The clinical outcomes of adipose tissue modulation by these drugs, as well as differences of major importance for clinical practice between drugs of the same class, were identified. Whether solutions to these issues will be found in further adjustments and combinations between drugs already in use or necessarily in new advances in pharmacology is not known. To better understand the effect of drugs used in dyslipidemia and obesity on adipose tissue not only is challenging for physicians but could also be the next step to tackle cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Dias
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Paredes
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Serena C, Keiran N, Madeira A, Maymó-Masip E, Ejarque M, Terrón-Puig M, Espin E, Martí M, Borruel N, Guarner F, Menacho M, Zorzano A, Millan M, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Crohn's Disease Disturbs the Immune Properties of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Related to Inflammasome Activation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1109-1123. [PMID: 28966116 PMCID: PMC5639166 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by the expansion of mesenteric fat, also known as “creeping fat.” We explored the plasticity and immune properties of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in the context of CD as potential key players in the development of creeping fat. Mesenteric CD-derived ASCs presented a more proliferative, inflammatory, invasive, and phagocytic phenotype than equivalent cells from healthy donors, irrespective of the clinical stage. Remarkably, ASCs from the subcutaneous depot of patients with CD also showed an activated immune response that was associated with a reduction in their immunosuppressive properties. The invasive phenotype of mesenteric CD ASCs was governed by an inflammasome-mediated inflammatory state since blocking inflammasome signaling, mainly the secretion of interleukin-1β, reversed this characteristic. Thus, CD alters the biological functions of ASCs as adipocyte precursors, but also their immune properties. Selection of ASCs with the best immunomodulatory properties is advocated for the success of cell-based therapies. ASCs isolated from CD patients are highly proliferative, invasive, and phagocytic Proliferative ASCs may be responsible for the development of creeping fat ASCs from CD patients have dampened immunosuppressive properties Selection of the best immunosuppressive ASCs for cell therapy is advocated
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Serena
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Noelia Keiran
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Madeira
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarida Terrón-Puig
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eloy Espin
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Martí
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Borruel
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Menacho
- Digestive Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Millan
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
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Abolaji AO, Olaiya CO, Oluwadahunsi OJ, Farombi EO. Dietary consumption of monosodium L-glutamate induces adaptive response and reduction in the life span ofDrosophila melanogaster. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:164-170. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amos O. Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Charles O. Olaiya
- Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
| | | | - Ebenezer O. Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine; University of Ibadan; Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria
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15
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Shen X, Zhou N, Mi L, Hu Z, Wang L, Liu X, Zhang S. Phloretin exerts hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and improves insulin resistance in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:313-324. [PMID: 28223777 PMCID: PMC5304989 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s127010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the possible antiobesity and hypoglycemic effects of phloretin (Ph). In an attempt to discover the hypoglycemic effect and potential mechanism of Ph, we used the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and (L6) myotubes. Daily oral treatment with Ph for 4 weeks significantly (P<0.05) reduced postprandial blood glucose and improved islet injury and lipid metabolism. Glucose consumption and glucose tolerance were improved by Ph via GOD–POD method. Western blot results revealed that the expression of Akt, PI3K, IRS-1, and GLUT4 were upregulated in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes (T2D) rats and in L6 myotubes by Ph. The immunofluorescence studies confirmed that Ph improved the translocation of GLUT4 in L6 myotubes. Ph exerted hypoglycemic effects in vivo and in vitro, hence it may play an important role in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
| | - Le Mi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
| | - Zishuo Hu
- Student Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
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Sousa LMMDC, Silva RDS, Fonseca VUD, Leandro RM, Di Vincenzo TS, Alves-Wagner AB, Machado UF, Papa PDC. Is the canine corpus luteum an insulin-sensitive tissue? J Endocrinol 2016; 231:223-233. [PMID: 27679426 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine in the canine corpus luteum throughout the dioestrus (1) the influence of insulin on glucose uptake; (2) the regulation of genes potentially involved; and (3) the influence of hypoxia on glucose transporter expression and steroidogenesis, after treatment with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Glucose uptake by luteal cells increased 2.7 folds (P < 0.05) in response to insulin; a phenomenon related to increased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). The gene expression of insulin receptor and SLC2A4 (codifier of GLUT4) genes after insulin stimulation increased on day 20 post ovulation (p.o.) and declined on day 40 p.o. (P < 0.05). Regarding potentially involved molecular mechanisms, the nuclear factor kappa B gene RELA was upregulated on days 30/40 p.o., when SLC2A4 mRNA was low, and the interleukin 6 (IL6) gene was upregulated in the first half of dioestrus, when SLC2A4 mRNA was high. CoCl2 in luteal cell cultures increased the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1A/HIF1A and the SLC2A4/GLUT4 expression, and decreased progesterone (P4) production and hydroxyl-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta (HSD3B) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). This study shows that the canine luteal cells are responsive to insulin, which stimulates glucose uptake in AKT/GLUT4-mediated pathway; that may be related to local activity of RELA and IL6. Besides, the study reveals that luteal cells under hypoxia activate HIF1A-modulating luteal function and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These data indicate that insulin regulates luteal cells' glucose disposal, participating in the maintenance and functionality of the corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Dos Santos Silva
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Uemura da Fonseca
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magdanelo Leandro
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Senna Di Vincenzo
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Bárbara Alves-Wagner
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Carvalho Papa
- Department of SurgerySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hypothalamic Obesity in Craniopharyngioma Patients: Disturbed Energy Homeostasis Related to Extent of Hypothalamic Damage and Its Implication for Obesity Intervention. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1774-97. [PMID: 26371051 PMCID: PMC4600159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4091774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic obesity (HO) occurs in patients with tumors and lesions in the medial hypothalamic region. Hypothalamic dysfunction can lead to hyperinsulinemia and leptin resistance. This review is focused on HO caused by craniopharyngiomas (CP), which are the most common childhood brain tumors of nonglial origin. Despite excellent overall survival rates, CP patients have substantially reduced quality of life because of significant long-term sequelae, notably severe obesity in about 50% of patients, leading to a high rate of cardiovascular mortality. Recent studies reported that both hyperphagia and decreased energy expenditure can contribute to severe obesity in HO patients. Recognized risk factors for severe obesity include large hypothalamic tumors or lesions affecting several medial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei that impact satiety signaling pathways. Structural damage in these nuclei often lead to hyperphagia, rapid weight gain, central insulin and leptin resistance, decreased sympathetic activity, low energy expenditure, and increased energy storage in adipose tissue. To date, most efforts to treat HO have shown disappointing long-term success rates. However, treatments based on the distinct pathophysiology of disturbed energy homeostasis related to CP may offer options for successful interventions in the future.
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Quines CB, Rosa SG, Chagas PM, da Rocha JT, Dobrachinski F, Carvalho NR, Soares FA, da Luz SCA, Nogueira CW. Homeostatic effect of p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide on glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function alterations induced by monosodium glutamate administration to rats. Amino Acids 2015; 48:137-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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