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Muhammad I, Pan S, Elken EM, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Kong L, Ma H. Antibiotic resistance of probiotics isolated from Chinese corn stover silage. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2165088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inam Muhammad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shrengal, Pakistan
| | - Siyu Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Emad Mohammed Elken
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Dekham K, Jones SM, Jitrakorn S, Charoonnart P, Thadtapong N, Intuy R, Dubbs P, Siripattanapipong S, Saksmerprome V, Chaturongakul S. Functional and genomic characterization of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii KD1 against shrimp WSSV infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21610. [PMID: 38062111 PMCID: PMC10703779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
White Spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes rapid shrimp mortality and production loss worldwide. This study demonstrates potential use of Lactobacillus johnsonii KD1 as an anti-WSSV agent for post larva shrimp cultivation and explores some potential mechanisms behind the anti-WSSV properties. Treatment of Penaeus vannamei shrimps with L. johnsonii KD1 prior to oral challenge with WSSV-infected tissues showed a significantly reduced mortality. In addition, WSSV copy numbers were not detected and shrimp immune genes were upregulated. Genomic analysis of L. johnsonii KD1 based on Illumina and Nanopore platforms revealed a 1.87 Mb chromosome and one 15.4 Kb plasmid. Only one antimicrobial resistance gene (ermB) in the chromosome was identified. Phylogenetic analysis comparing L. johnsonii KD1 to other L. johnsonii isolates revealed that L. johnsonii KD1 is closely related to L. johnsonii GHZ10a isolated from wild pigs. Interestingly, L. johnsonii KD1 contains isolate-specific genes such as genes involved in a type I restriction-modification system and CAZymes belonging to the GT8 family. Furthermore, genes coding for probiotic survival and potential antimicrobial/anti-viral metabolites such as a homolog of the bacteriocin helveticin-J were found. Protein-protein docking modelling suggests the helveticin-J homolog may be able to block VP28-PmRab7 interactions and interrupt WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Dekham
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Samuel Merryn Jones
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Sarocha Jitrakorn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Patai Charoonnart
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nalumon Thadtapong
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rattanaporn Intuy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Padungsri Dubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Vanvimon Saksmerprome
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Castro-López C, García-Galaz A, García HS, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Hernández-Mendoza A. Potential probiotic lactobacilli strains isolated from artisanal Mexican Cocido cheese: evidence-based biosafety and probiotic action-related traits on in vitro tests. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2137-2152. [PMID: 37450104 PMCID: PMC10485211 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosafety of four potentially probiotic lactobacilli strains, isolated from artisanal Mexican Cocido cheese, was assessed through in vitro tests aimed to determine (1) the antibiotic susceptibility profile by broth microdilution, (2) the transferability of antibiotic resistance determinants by filter-mating, and (3) the phenotypic and genotypic stability during serial batch sub-culture (100-day period) by evaluating physiological and probiotic features and RAPD-PCR fingerprinting. Lactobacilli strains exhibited multidrug-resistance; however, resistance determinants were not transferred in the filter-mating assay. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in bacterial morphology and some functional and technological properties when strains were serially sub-cultured over 50 generations (G50), compared to the initial cultures (G0). Conversely, the strains did not show mucinolytic and hemolytic activities either at G0 or after 100 generations (G100). Genetic polymorphism and genomic template instability on selected strains were detected, which suggest possible evolutionary arrangements that may occur when these bacteria are largely cultured. Our findings suggest that the assessed strains did not raise in vitro biosafety concerns; however, complementary studies are still needed to establish the safe potential applications in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46. Hermosillo, Sonora, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Alfonso García-Galaz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Polifásica y Bioactividades, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos‒UNIDA, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, Veracruz, México, 91897
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46. Hermosillo, Sonora, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46. Hermosillo, Sonora, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46. Hermosillo, Sonora, Sonora, 83304, México.
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Song EJ, Lee ES, Kim YI, Shin DU, Eom JE, Shin HS, Lee SY, Nam YD. Gut microbial change after administration of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AO356 is associated with anti-obesity in a mouse model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1224636. [PMID: 37705572 PMCID: PMC10496115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The status of an impaired gut microbial community, known as dysbiosis, is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance. The use of probiotics has been considered an effective approach for the treatment and prevention of obesity and related gut microbial dysbiosis. The anti-obesity effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AO356 was recently reported. However, the effect of L. paracasei AO356 on the gut microbiota has not yet been identified. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of L. paracasei AO356 on gut microbiota and ensure its safety for use as a probiotic. Methods Oral administration of L. paracasei AO356 (107 colony-forming units [CFU]/mg per day, 5 days a week, for 10 weeks) to mice fed a high-fat diet significantly suppressed weight gain and fat mass. We investigated the composition of gut microbiota and explored its association with obesity-related markers. Results Oral administration of L. paracasei AO356 significantly changed the gut microbiota and modified the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Oscillospira. Bacteroides and Oscillospira were significantly related to the lipid metabolism pathway and obesity-related markers. We also confirmed the safety of L. paracasei AO356 using antibiotics resistance, hemolysis activity, bile salt hydrolase activity, lactate production, and toxicity tests following the safety assessment guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Discussion This study demonstrated that L. paracasei AO356 is not only associated with an anti-obesity effect but also with changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways related to obesity. Furthermore, the overall safety assessment seen in this study could increase the potential use of new probiotic materials with anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Song
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young In Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Shin
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Eom
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
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Uezen JD, Ficoseco CA, Fátima Nader-Macías ME, Vignolo GM. Identification and characterization of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from pig feces at various production stages. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2023; 87:127-145. [PMID: 37020571 PMCID: PMC10069149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, identified, and characterized from pig feces at various growth stages and feed rations in order to be used as probiotic feed additives. Lactic acid bacteria numbers ranged from 7.10 ± 1.50 to 9.40 log CFUs/g for growing and lactating pigs, respectively. Isolates (n = 230) were identified by (GTG)5-polymerase chain reaction and partial sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Major LAB populations were Limosilactobacillus reuteri (49.2%), Pediococcus pentosaceus (20%), Lactobacillus amylovorus (11.4%), and L. johnsonii (8.7%). In-vitro assays were performed, including surface characterization and tolerance to acid and bile salts. Several lactobacilli exhibited hydrophobic and aggregative characteristics and were able to withstand gastrointestinal tract conditions. In addition, lactobacilli showed starch- and phytate-degrading ability, as well as antagonistic activity against Gram-negative pathogens and the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances. When resistance or susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated, high phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline and susceptibility towards clindamycin and chloramphenicol was observed in the assayed LAB. Genotypic characterization showed that 5 out of 15 resistance genes were identified in lactobacilli; their presence did not correlate with phenotypic traits. Genes erm(B), strA, strB, and aadE conferring resistance to erythromycin and streptomycin were reported among all lactobacilli, whereas tet(M) gene was harbored by L. reuteri and L. amylovorus strains. Based on these results, 6 probiotic LAB strains (L. reuteri F207R/G9R/B66R, L. amylovorus G636T/S244T, and L. johnsonii S92R) can be selected to explore their potential as direct feed additives to promote swine health and replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Uezen
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Aristimuño Ficoseco
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María E Fátima Nader-Macías
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela M Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department, Batalla de Chacabuco 145 (CP: T4000ILC). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Rabaoui G, Sánchez-Juanes F, Tebini M, Naghmouchi K, Bellido JLM, Ben-Mahrez K, Réjiba S. Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria with Anti-Penicillium expansum Activity from Different Species of Tunisian Edible Snails. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:82-106. [PMID: 35022998 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the digestive tract, meat and slime of edible snails (Helix lucorum, Helix aspersa and Eobania vermiculata) and investigate their antagonistic activity against Penicillium expansum. They were then characterized for their probiotic potential. Among 900 bacterial isolates, 47 LAB exhibiting anti-P. expansum activity were identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as Levilactobacillus brevis (25), Lactococcus lactis (3), Enterococcus faecium (12), Enterococcus faecalis (4), Enterococcus casseliflavus (1), and Enterococcus mundtii (2). Sixty-two percent of the strains were tolerant to 100 mg/L of lysozyme. Seventy two percent of the isolates were able to survive at pH 3 and most of them tolerate 2.5% bile salt concentration. Moreover, 23% of the strains displayed bile salt hydrolase activity. Interestingly, all strains were biofilm strong producers. However, their auto- and co-aggregation properties were time and pH dependent with high aggregative potentiality at pH 4.5 after 24 h. Remarkably, 48.94% of the strains showed high affinity to chloroform. The safety assessment revealed that the 47 LAB had no hemolytic activity and 64% of them lacked mucin degradation activity. All isolated strains were susceptible to gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Overall, 43 LAB strains showed inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Our findings suggest that L. brevis (EVM12 and EVM14) and Ent. faecium HAS34 strains could be potential candidates for probiotics with interesting antibacterial and anti-P. expansum activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Rabaoui
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mohamed Tebini
- Mixed Tunisian-Moroccan Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology and Climate Change (LPBV2C. LR11ES09), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University 46000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Karim Naghmouchi
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia.,College of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kamel Ben-Mahrez
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia
| | - Samia Réjiba
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory LR01ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, El Manar II, Tunisia. .,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana-Tunis, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Characterization of Autochthonous Strains from the Cecal Content of Creole Roosters for a Potential Use as Probiotics. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030455. [PMID: 36766343 PMCID: PMC9913217 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Five strains (CLP2, CLP3, CLP4, CLP5, and CLP6) were isolated from the cecal content of Creole roosters fed without antibiotic growth promoters. Biochemical and morphological tests (negative catalase and oxidase) confirmed the presence of lactic acid bacteria. Additionally, considering the 16s RNA, Lactobacillus vaginalis (CLP2, CLP3, CLP5, and CLP6) and Lactobacillus reuteri (CLP4) were identified. All strains (mainly CLP4 and CLP5) showed variable and significant growth (p < 0.001) at different levels of pH. Likewise, all bacterial cultures were quantified at 42 °C, although only strains CLP4 and CLP5 managed to grow at 30 °C. Additionally, the CLP4, CLP5, and CLP6 strains grew from 0.05 to 0.30% of biliary salts. However, only the CLP4 isolate grew at different concentrations of NaCl (2-10%), and CLP5 grew at 2% NaCl. The CLP4 strain was able to inhibit the in vitro growth of enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli ATCC® 11775TM, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC® 14028TM, and Clostridium perfringens ATCC® 13124TM. In addition, CLP4 had lower sensitivity in the presence of amoxicillin and tetracycline compared to these pathogenic bacteria. Considering these in vitro results, it is necessary to carry out in vivo studies with the CLP4 strain to test the hypothesis of its probiotic effect in poultry.
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Antibiotic Susceptibility, Resistance Gene Determinants and Corresponding Genomic Regions in Lactobacillus amylovorus Isolates Derived from Wild Boars and Domestic Pigs. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010103. [PMID: 36677394 PMCID: PMC9863647 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in pigs lead to the continuous search for new probiotics serving as an alternative to antibiotics. One of the key parameters for probiotic bacteria selection is the absence of horizontally transmissible resistance genes. The aim of our study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility profiles in 28 Lactobacillus amylovorus isolates derived from the digestive tract of wild boars and farm pigs by means of the broth microdilution method and whole genome sequencing (WGS). We revealed genetic resistance determinants and examined sequences flanking resistance genes in these strains. Our findings indicate that L. amylovorus strains from domestic pigs are predominantly resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and ampicillin. WGS analysis of horizontally transmissible genes revealed only three genetic determinants (tetW, ermB and aadE) of which all tetW and ermB genes were present only in strains derived from domestic pigs. Sequence analysis of coding sequences (CDS) in the neighborhood of the tetW gene revealed the presence of site-specific recombinase (xerC/D), site-specific DNA recombinase (spoIVCA) or DNA-binding transcriptional regulator (xre), usually directly downstream of the tetW gene. In the case of ermB, CDS for omega transcriptional repressor or mobilization protein were detected upstream of the ermB gene.
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Dou W, Abdalla HB, Chen X, Sun C, Chen X, Tian Q, Wang J, Zhou W, Chi W, Zhou X, Ye H, Bi C, Tian X, Yang Y, Wong A. ProbResist: a database for drug-resistant probiotic bacteria. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6665407. [PMID: 35962763 PMCID: PMC9375527 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a global threat, and the rising trend of consuming probiotic-containing foods, many of which harbor antibiotic resistant determinants, has raised serious health concerns. Currently, the lack of accessibility to location-, drug- and species-specific information of drug-resistant probiotics has hampered efforts to combat the global spread of drug resistance. Here, we describe the development of ProbResist, which is a manually curated online database that catalogs reports of probiotic bacteria that have been experimentally proven to be resistant to antibiotics. ProbResist allows users to search for information of drug resistance in probiotics by querying with the names of the bacteria, antibiotic or location. Retrieved results are presented in a downloadable table format containing the names of the antibiotic, probiotic species, resistant determinants, region where the study was conducted and digital article identifiers (PubMed Identifier and Digital Object Identifier) hyperlinked to the original sources. The webserver also presents a simple analysis of information stored in the database. Given the increasing reports of drug-resistant probiotics, an exclusive database is necessary to catalog them in one platform. It will enable medical practitioners and experts involved in policy making to access this information quickly and conveniently, thus contributing toward the broader goal of combating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Dou
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Hemn Barzan Abdalla
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Changyi Sun
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Qiwen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Hailv Ye
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Chuyun Bi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center , Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University , 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325060, China
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Qiu T, Huo L, Guo Y, Gao M, Wang G, Hu D, Li C, Wang Z, Liu G, Wang X. Metagenomic assembly reveals hosts and mobility of common antibiotic resistome in animal manure and commercial compost. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:42. [PMID: 35953830 PMCID: PMC9367140 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) used in intensive animal farming threaten human health worldwide; however, the common resistome, ARG mobility, and ARG host composition in different animal manures and mixed manure composts remain unclear. In the present study, metagenomic assembly and cross-sample mapping were used to comprehensively decipher the common resistome and its potential mobility and hosts in animal manure and composts. RESULTS In total, 201 ARGs were shared among different animal (layer, broiler, swine, beef cow, and dairy cow) manures and accounted for 86-99% of total relative abundance of ARGs. Except for multidrug, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes, the relative abundance of most ARGs in composts was significantly lower than that in animal manure. Procrustes analysis indicated that antibiotic residues positively correlated with ARG composition in manure but not in composts. More than 75% ARG subtypes were shared between plasmids and chromosomes in our samples. Transposases could play a pivotal role in mediating the transfer of ARGs between different phyla in animal manure and composting. Cross-sample mapping to contigs carrying ARGs showed that the hosts of common resistome in manure had preference on animal species, and the dominant genus of ARG host shifted from Enterococcus in manure to Pseudomonas in composts. The broad host range and linking with diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were two key factors for ARGs, such as sul1 and aadA, which could survive during composting. The multidrug resistance genes represented the dominant ARGs in pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria in manure but could be effectively controlled by composting. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments revealed the common resistome in animal manure, classified and relative quantified the ARG hosts, and assessed the mobility of ARGs. Composting can mitigate ARGs in animal manure by altering the bacterial hosts; however, persistent ARGs can escape from the removal because of diverse host range and MGEs. Our findings provide an overall background for source tracking, risk assessment, and control of livestock ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhe Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Hu
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment, Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwu Wang
- Institute of Agro-Resources and Environment, Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Li Y, Yang Y, Ma L, Liu J, An Q, Zhang C, Yin G, Cao Z, Pan H. Comparative Analyses of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Jejunum Microbiota of Pigs in Different Areas. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887428. [PMID: 35719330 PMCID: PMC9204423 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging environmental contaminants that threaten human and animal health. Intestinal microbiota may be an important ARGs repository, and intensive animal farming is a likely contributor to the environmental burden of ARGs. Using metagenomic sequencing, we investigated the structure, function, and drug resistance of the jejunal microbial community in Landrace (LA, Kunming), Saba (SB, Kunming), Dahe (DH, Qujing), and Diannan small-ear piglets (DS, Xishuangbanna) from different areas in Yunnan Province, China. Remarkable differences in jejunal microbial diversity among the different pig breeds, while the microbial composition of pig breeds in close areas tends to be similar. Functional analysis showed that there were abundant metabolic pathways and carbohydrate enzymes in all samples. In total, 32,487 ARGs were detected in all samples, which showed resistance to 38 categories of drugs. The abundance of ARGs in jejunum was not significantly different between LA and SB from the same area, but significantly different between DS, DH and LA or SB from different areas. Therefore, the abundance of ARGs was little affected by pig breeds and microorganism community structure, but it was closely related to geographical location. In addition, as a probiotic, Lactobacillus amylovorus is also an important ARGs producing bacterium. Our results revealed the antibiotic exposure and intestinal microbial resistance of farms in the study areas, which could provide basic knowledge and potential strategies for rational use of antibiotics and reducing the risk of ARGs transmission in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institiute of Animal husbandry, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingcong An
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Gefen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenhui Cao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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12
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Fathima S, Shanmugasundaram R, Adams D, Selvaraj RK. Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Their Manipulation for Improved Growth and Performance in Chickens. Foods 2022; 11:1401. [PMID: 35626971 PMCID: PMC9140538 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut of warm-blooded animals is colonized by microbes possibly constituting at least 100 times more genetic material of microbial cells than that of the somatic cells of the host. These microbes have a profound effect on several physiological functions ranging from energy metabolism to the immune response of the host, particularly those associated with the gut immune system. The gut of a newly hatched chick is typically sterile but is rapidly colonized by microbes in the environment, undergoing cycles of development. Several factors such as diet, region of the gastrointestinal tract, housing, environment, and genetics can influence the microbial composition of an individual bird and can confer a distinctive microbiome signature to the individual bird. The microbial composition can be modified by the supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics. Supplementing these additives can prevent dysbiosis caused by stress factors such as infection, heat stress, and toxins that cause dysbiosis. The mechanism of action and beneficial effects of probiotics vary depending on the strains used. However, it is difficult to establish a relationship between the gut microbiome and host health and productivity due to high variability between flocks due to environmental, nutritional, and host factors. This review compiles information on the gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and additives such as probiotics, postbiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, which are capable of modifying gut microbiota and elaborates on the interaction of these additives with chicken gut commensals, immune system, and their consequent effects on health and productivity. Factors to be considered and the unexplored potential of genetic engineering of poultry probiotics in addressing public health concerns and zoonosis associated with the poultry industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahna Fathima
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.F.); (D.A.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Daniel Adams
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.F.); (D.A.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.F.); (D.A.); (R.K.S.)
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13
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Moradi J, Fathollahi M, Halimi S, Alvandi A, Abiri R, Vaziri S, Rezaei A. Characterization of resistome in Lactobacillus genomic sequences from the human gut. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:451-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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14
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Zeng Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Li K, Gong S, Li F, Wang P, Iqbal M, Kulyar MFEA, Li J. Probiotic Potential of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus Isolated from Tibetan Yaks, China. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:579-594. [PMID: 35445290 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Yak (Bos grunniens) inhabit an oxygen-deficient environment at the altitude of 3000 m on the Tibetan Plateau, with a distinctive gut micro-ecosystem. This study evaluated the probiotic potential and physiological property of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus isolated from the gut of yaks. Four strains, two Bacillus licheniformis (named D1 and D2) and two Bacillus pumilus (named X1 and X2), were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. All strains had potential antibacterial ability against three indicator pathogens: Escherichia coli C83902, Staphylococcus aureus BNCC186335, and Salmonella enteritidis NTNC13349. The antioxidant activity test showed that D2 sample showed the highest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, all four strains had a higher hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and antibiotic sensitivity, which all contribute to their survival in the gastrointestinal tract and clinical utility. The animal experimentation (40 KM mice, equally divided into five groups of eight mice each) showed that the strain supplementation not only increased daily weight gain and reduced feed conversion ratio, but also increased the length of the jejunum villi and the value of the V/C (Villi/Crypt). In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrated the probiotic potential of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus isolated from yaks, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application and development of new feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Saisai Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet, 860000, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Tjandrawinata RR, Kartawijaya M, Hartanti AW. In vitro Evaluation of the Anti-hypercholesterolemic Effect of Lactobacillus Isolates From Various Sources. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825251. [PMID: 35295304 PMCID: PMC8920493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of 11 Lactobacillus isolates was investigated in vitro by measuring remaining cholesterol in growth media, growth ability in media supplemented with cholesterol, and BSH activity. Among the selected isolates, DLBSH104, DLBSH122, and DLBSK207 have demonstrated outstanding potential as cholesterol-lowering cultures. The three isolates showed high cholesterol removal by growing cells, whereas resting and dead cells showed less cholesterol removal. Furthermore, visualization of those isolates in growing and non-growing states by SEM showed the ability of DLBSH104 to attach cholesterol to their cell surface. In contrast, alteration of DLBSH122 and DLBSK207 cells did not involve surface attachment of cholesterol. Thus, the isolates’ ability to remove cholesterol is mainly attributed to the cells’ metabolically active state that assimilates and incorporates cholesterol into the cell membrane as reflected by a significantly higher cholesterol removal in a growing state than a non-growing state. Only in DLBSH104 did cholesterol removal also involve attachment on the cell surface. Moreover, DLBSH104 has beneficially affected the host cell by a significant reduction of NPC1L1 mRNA levels that are responsible for intestinal cholesterol absorption. In hepatic cells, cell-free supernatant (CFS) from DLBSH104 and DLBSK207 were able to reduce LDLR and HMGCR mRNA at the transcription level. To sum up, L. helveticus DLBSH104 and L. plantarum DLBSK207 are confirmed as isolates with an anti-hypercholesterolemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata,
| | - Medicia Kartawijaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, PT Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
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16
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Aziz G, Zaidi A, Tariq M. Compositional Quality and Possible Gastrointestinal Performance of Marketed Probiotic Supplements. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:288-312. [PMID: 35199309 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The local pharmacies and shops are brimming with various probiotic products that herald a range of health benefits. The poor quality of probiotic products in both dosage and species is symptomatic of this multi-billion-dollar market making it difficult for consumers to single out reliable ones. This study aims to fill the potential gap in the labeling accuracy of probiotic products intended for human consumption. We describe a combinatorial approach using classical culture-dependent technique to quantify and molecular techniques (16 s rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence, and ribotyping) for strain recognition of the microbial contents. The full gamut of probiotic characteristics including acid, bile and lysozyme tolerances, adhesiveness, anti-pathogenicity, and degree of safeness were performed. Their capacity to endure gastro-intestinal (GIT) stresses and select drugs was assessed in vitro. Our results forced us to declare that the local probiotic market is essentially unregulated. Almost none of the probiotic products tested met the label claim. Some (11%) have no viable cells, and a quarter (27%) showing significant inter-batch variation. A lower microbial count was typical with undesirables constituting a quarter of the total (~ 27%). Half of the products contained antibiotic-resistant strains; the unregulated use of these probiotics carries the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance to gut pathobionts. Poor tolerance to gut conditions and mediocre functionalism make the case worse. The current regulatory systems do not take this discrepancy into account. We recommend an evidence-based regular market surveillance of marketed probiotics to ensure the authenticity of the claims and product effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aziz
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
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17
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Wang Y, Dong J, Wang J, Chi W, Zhou W, Tian Q, Hong Y, Zhou X, Ye H, Tian X, Hu R, Wong A. Assessing the drug resistance profiles of oral probiotic lozenges. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2019992. [PMID: 35024089 PMCID: PMC8745366 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2019992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic lozenges have been developed to harvest the benefits of probiotics for oral health, but their long-term consumption may encourage the transfer of resistance genes from probiotics to commensals, and eventually to disease-causing bacteria. Aim To screen commercial probiotic lozenges for resistance to antibiotics, characterize the resistance determinants, and examine their transferability in vitro. Results Probiotics of all lozenges were resistant to glycopeptide, sulfonamide, and penicillin antibiotics, while some were resistant to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. High minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected for streptomycin (>128 µg/mL) and chloramphenicol (> 512 µg/mL) for all probiotics but only one was resistant to piperacillin (MIC = 32 µg/mL). PCR analysis detected erythromycin (erm(T), ermB or mefA) and fluoroquinolone (parC or gyr(A)) resistance genes in some lozenges although there were no resistant phenotypes. The dfrD, cat-TC, vatE, aadE, vanX, and aph(3")-III or ant(2")-I genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin, and streptomycin, respectively, were detected in resistant probiotics. The rifampicin resistance gene rpoB was also present. We found no conjugal transfer of streptomycin resistance genes in our co-incubation experiments. Conclusion Our study represents the first antibiotic resistance profiling of probiotics from oral lozenges, thus highlighting the health risk especially in the prevailing threat of drug resistance globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingya Dong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiwen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hailv Ye
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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18
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Stępień-Pyśniak D, Hauschild T, Dec M, Marek A, Brzeski M, Kosikowska U. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101491. [PMID: 34695638 PMCID: PMC8554262 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry, the percentage of multidrug resistant bacteria, isolated from both adult birds and chicks, remains high. These bacteria can spread between countries via hatching eggs or chicks. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can also pose a threat to hatchery and farm workers or to consumers of poultry. The aim of the study was to perform a phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the drug resistance of E. faecalis isolates from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks from Poland and the Netherlands and to determine their genetic diversity. The tests revealed resistance to antibiotics from category D, that is, tetracycline (69.7%); category C – lincomycin (98.7%), erythromycin (51.3%), aminoglycosides (high-level streptomycin and kanamycin resistance – 10.5% and 3.95%, respectively), and chloramphenicol (7.9%); and category B – ciprofloxacin (25% with resistance or intermediate resistance). No resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, tigecycline, or linezolid was noted. Various combinations of the erm(B), tet(M), tet(L), tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, ant(4′)-Ia, cat, and msr(A/B) genes were detected in all isolates (irrespective of the drug-resistance phenotype). Among isolates that carried the tet(M) and/or the tet(L) gene, 28% also had the Int-Tn gene, in contrast with isolates possessing tet(O). There were 28 sequence types and 43 PFGE restriction patterns. About 60% of isolates were of sequences types ST59, ST16, ST116, ST282, ST36, and ST82. Nine new sequence types were shown (ST836-ST844). In conclusion, broiler chicks can be a source of drug-resistant sequence types of E. faecalis that are potentially hazardous for people and animals. Restrictive programs for antibiotic use in broiler breeding flocks should be developed to decrease drug resistance in day-old chicks and reduce economic losses during rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, 20-612 Poland.
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, 15-245 Poland
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, 20-612 Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, 20-612 Poland
| | - Michał Brzeski
- Veterinary Cabinet - Brzeski and partners, Giżycko, 11-500 Poland
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, 20-093 Poland
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19
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Mindus C, van Staaveren N, Fuchs D, Gostner JM, Kjaer JB, Kunze W, Mian MF, Shoveller AK, Forsythe P, Harlander-Matauschek A. L. rhamnosus improves the immune response and tryptophan catabolism in laying hen pullets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19538. [PMID: 34599202 PMCID: PMC8486881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, early-life probiotic supplementation is a promising tool for preventing unfavourable, gut microbiome-related behavioural, immunological, and aromatic amino acid alterations later in life. In laying hens, feather-pecking behaviour is proposed to be a consequence of gut-brain axis dysregulation. Lactobacillus rhamnosus decreases stress-induced severe feather pecking in adult hens, but whether its effect in pullets is more robust is unknown. Consequently, we investigated whether early-life, oral supplementation with a single Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain can prevent stress-induced feather-pecking behaviour in chickens. To this end, we monitored both the short- and long-term effects of the probiotic supplement on behaviour and related physiological parameters. We hypothesized that L. rhamnosus would reduce pecking behaviour by modulating the biological pathways associated with this detrimental behaviour, namely aromatic amino acid turnover linked to neurotransmitter production and stress-related immune responses. We report that stress decreased the proportion of cytotoxic T cells in the tonsils (P = 0.047). Counteracting this T cell depression, birds receiving the L. rhamnosus supplementation significantly increased all T lymphocyte subset proportions (P < 0.05). Both phenotypic and genotypic feather peckers had lower plasma tryptophan concentrations compared to their non-pecking counterparts. The probiotic supplement caused a short-term increase in plasma tryptophan (P < 0.001) and the TRP:(PHE + TYR) ratio (P < 0.001). The administration of stressors did not significantly increase feather pecking in pullets, an observation consistent with the age-dependent onset of pecking behaviour. Despite minimal changes to behaviour, our data demonstrate the impact of L. rhamnosus supplementation on the immune system and the turnover of the serotonin precursor tryptophan. Our findings indicate that L. rhamnosus exerts a transient, beneficial effect on the immune response and tryptophan catabolism in pullets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mindus
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Nienke van Staaveren
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joergen B. Kjaer
- grid.417834.dInstitute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Celle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kunze
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - M. Firoz Mian
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Paul Forsythe
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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20
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Ahmed S, Ashraf F, Tariq M, Zaidi A. Aggrandizement of fermented cucumber through the action of autochthonous probiotic cum starter strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. ANN MICROBIOL 2021; 71:33. [PMID: 34483789 PMCID: PMC8406656 DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cucumber fermentation is traditionally done using lactic acid bacteria. The involvement of probiotic cultures in food fermentation guarantees enhanced organoleptic properties and protects food from spoilage. Methods Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria were isolated from spontaneously fermented cucumber and identified to species level. Only strains adjudged as safe for human consumption were examined for their technological and functional characteristics. Strain efficiency was based on maintaining high numbers of viable cells during simulated GIT conditions and fermentation, significant antioxidant activity, EPS production, nitrite degradation, and antimicrobial ability against Gram-positive and Gram-negative foodborne pathogens. Result Two strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NPL 1258 and Pediococcus pentosaceus NPL 1264, showing a suite of promising functional and technological attributes, were selected as a mixed-species starter for carrying out a controlled lactic acid fermentations of a native cucumber variety. This consortium showed a faster lactic acid-based acidification with more viable cells, at 4% NaCl and 0.2% inulin (w/v) relative to its constituent strains when tested individually. Sensory evaluation rated the lactofermented cucumber acceptable based on texture, taste, aroma, and aftertaste. Conclusion The results suggest that the autochthonous LAB starter cultures can shorten the fermentation cycle and reduce pathogenic organism’ population, thus improving the shelf life and quality of fermented cucumber. The development of these new industrial starters would increase the competitiveness of production and open the country’s frontiers in the fermented vegetable market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ahmed
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 Pakistan
| | - Fatima Ashraf
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650 Pakistan
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21
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Stefańska I, Kwiecień E, Jóźwiak-Piasecka K, Garbowska M, Binek M, Rzewuska M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains of Potential Use as Feed Additives - The Basic Safety and Usefulness Criterion. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:687071. [PMID: 34277757 PMCID: PMC8281277 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.687071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of resistance to antibiotics is a major health concern worldwide due to the increasing rate of isolation of multidrug resistant pathogens hampering the treatment of infections. The food chain has been recognized as one of the key routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans. Considering that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could act as a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, LAB strains intended to be used as feed additives should be monitored for their safety. Sixty-five LAB strains which might be potentially used as probiotic feed additives or silage inoculants, were assessed for susceptibility to eight clinically relevant antimicrobials by a minimum inhibitory concentration determination. Among antimicrobial resistant strains, a prevalence of selected genes associated with the acquired resistance was investigated. Nineteen LAB strains displayed phenotypic resistance to one antibiotic, and 15 strains were resistant to more than one of the tested antibiotics. The resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were the most prevalent and were found in 37 and 26% of the studied strains, respectively. Phenotypic resistance to other antimicrobials was found in single strains. Determinants related to resistance phenotypes were detected in 15 strains as follows, the aph(3″)-IIIa gene in 9 strains, the lnu(A) gene in three strains, the str(A)-str(B), erm(B), msr(C), and tet(M) genes in two strains and the tet(K) gene in one strain. The nucleotide sequences of the detected genes revealed homology to the sequences of the transmissible resistance genes found in lactic acid bacteria as well as pathogenic bacteria. Our study highlights that LAB may be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants, thus, the first and key step in considering the usefulness of LAB strains as feed additives should be an assessment of their antibiotic resistance. This safety criterion should always precede more complex studies, such as an assessment of adaptability of a strain or its beneficial effect on a host. These results would help in the selection of the best LAB strains for use as feed additives. Importantly, presented data can be useful for revising the current microbiological cut-off values within the genus Lactobacillus and Pediococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Stefańska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak-Piasecka
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Garbowska
- Division of Milk Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marian Binek
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Fitriani VY, Suprapti B, Amin M. The characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented food as potential probiotics. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:743-749. [PMID: 34214350 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri from fermented soursop fruit juice and cow's milk, respectively as probiotic candidate based on exposure to pH, bile salts, pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotics. METHODS In vitro studies were conducted to examine the resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri in pH 2, 2.5, 3.2, and 7.2, resistance to bile salts, resistance to pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and antituberculosis antibiotics. RESULTS Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri isolates remained unchanged (6.3 × 107 CFU/mL and 5.03 × 107 CFU/mL) at various acidic pH, and had a low survival rate in Ox gall 0.3% (bile salts). These isolates also showed antibacterial properties against pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. Both of these bacteria are quite safe to be used together with ofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin, antibiotic for tuberculosis therapy. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri from fermented soursop fruit juice and cow's milk respectively fulfilled the characteristics of probiotic and could potentially be used as adjunct therapy in tuberculosis drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Yulita Fitriani
- Doctoral Programme in Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Budi Suprapti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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23
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Śliżewska K, Chlebicz-Wójcik A, Nowak A. Probiotic Properties of New Lactobacillus Strains Intended to Be Used as Feed Additives for Monogastric Animals. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:146-162. [PMID: 32577907 PMCID: PMC7904557 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the safety and probiotic properties of selected Lactobacillus strains, which are intended to be fed to monogastric animals. The Lactobacillus spp. appeared to be safe since they did not degrade mucus and did not exhibit β-haemolysis. Moreover, the survival of Caco-2 cells in the presence of metabolites of the selected strains was high, which also indicated their safety. The analysed strains showed moderate or strong antagonistic activity against Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which was tested with the usage of the agar slab method. Furthermore, the strains showed high survivability in an acidic environment and the presence of bile salts (~90%). High resistivity or moderate susceptibility to antibiotics was also observed, as a result of the disc diffusion method. The strains were mostly moderately hydrophilic (hydrophobicity: 10.43–41.14%); nevertheless, their auto-aggregation capability exceeded 50% and their co-aggregation with pathogens varied between 12.12 and 85.45%. The ability of the selected strains to adhere to Caco-2 cells was also analysed; they were found to be moderately adhesive (85.09–95.05%) and able to hinder pathogens attaching to the cells (up to 62.58%). The analysed strains exhibit probiotic properties, such as high survivability and adherence to epithelial cells; therefore, they are suitable for administration to monogastric animals. Since the overuse of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and accumulation of chemotherapeutic residues in food of animal origin, it is of vital importance to introduce alternative feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Chlebicz-Wójcik
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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24
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Liu X, Guo W, Cui S, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. A Comprehensive Assessment of the Safety of Blautia producta DSM 2950. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050908. [PMID: 33922843 PMCID: PMC8146736 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Blautia has attracted attention for its role in ameliorating host diseases. In particular, Blautia producta DSM 2950 has been considered a potential probiotic due to its ability to mitigate inflammation in poly(I:C) induced HT-29 cells. Thus, to promote the development of indigenous intestinal microorganisms with potential probiotic function, we conducted a comprehensive experimental analysis of DSM 2950 to determine its safety. This comprised a study of its potential virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, genomic islands, antibiotic resistance, and hemolytic activity and a 14-day test of its acute oral toxicity in mice. The results indicated no toxin-related virulence genes in the DSM 2950 genome. Most of the genomic islands in DSM 2950 were related to metabolism, rather than virulence expression. DSM 2950 was sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics but was tolerant of treatment with kanamycin, neomycin, clindamycin, or ciprofloxacin, probably because it possessed the corresponding antibiotic resistance genes. Oral acute toxicity tests indicated that the consumption of DSM 2950 does not cause toxic side effects in mice. Overall, the safety profile of DSM 2950 confirmed that it could be a candidate probiotic for use in food and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (B.M.); Tel.: +86-510-8591-2155 (B.M.)
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (B.M.); Tel.: +86-510-8591-2155 (B.M.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (W.G.); (X.T.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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25
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Dec M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Puchalski A, Hauschild T, Pietras-Ożga D, Ignaciuk S, Urban-Chmiel R. Biodiversity of Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strains from Poultry and Domestic Pigeons. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040972. [PMID: 33807321 PMCID: PMC8065712 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ligilactobcillus salivarius is a Gram-positive bacterium that commonly colonizes the mucous membranes of the digestive tracts of humans and animals, including birds. It belongs to the group of lactic acid bacteria which, by producing lactic acid, acidify the intestinal environment and limit the development of undesirable intestinal microflora. In addition, L. salivarius can produce other antimicrobial substances, such as bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide. Due to limiting the development of unfavourable microflora and other health-promoting effects, L. salivarius bacteria are considered as potential probiotics that may increase animal health, and thus animal production indicators. In this work, we undertook research on the characteristics of L. salivarius strains from chickens, geese, turkeys and domestic pigeons. We showed great variation in phenotypic and genotypic traits between strains and the evolutionary adaptation of L. salivarius strains to the colonization of a specific host. The results of the study contribute to knowledge of the characteristics of the species L. salivarius and may be useful in the selection of probiotic strains. Abstract Ligilactobacillus salivarius is an important member of the human and animal gut microbiota, and selected strains are promising probiotics, but knowledge of the characteristics of avian isolates is still limited. In this study, we examined selected phenotypic and genotypic traits of 33 L. salivarius strains from geese, chickens, turkeys and pigeons. The strains varied in terms of cell size, colony morphology, broth growth characteristics, biofilm formation, tolerance to bile, hydrophobicity and phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. Large variation among strains was noted for the utilization of sorbitol, salicin, trehalose, rhamnose, inulin and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The presence of genes related to sugar metabolism, i.e., mipB, tktA, rhaB and LSL_1894, was not always correlated with the biochemical phenotypic profile. Correlations were recorded between the host and utilization of certain sugars as well as tolerance to bile. The repA-type megaplasmid and genes coding for Abp118 bacteriocin were detected in 94% and 51.5% of L. salivarius strains, respectively. Phylogeny based on groEL gene sequences was partly correlated with the origin of the strains and revealed an evolutionary distance between L. salivarius strains from humans and birds. The results of the study contribute to knowledge of the characteristics of the species L. salivarius. Intraspecies variations of L. salivarius strains may affect their ability to colonize specific niches and utilize nutrients and reveal potential strain-dependent effects on host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrzej Puchalski
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Dorota Pietras-Ożga
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Szymon Ignaciuk
- Sub-Department of Mathematics, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (D.S.-P.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814-456-036
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26
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Liu Y, Liu B, Liu C, Hu Y, Liu C, Li X, Li X, Zhang X, Irwin DM, Wu Z, Chen Z, Jin Q, Zhang S. Differences in the gut microbiomes of dogs and wolves: roles of antibiotics and starch. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:112. [PMID: 33676490 PMCID: PMC7937242 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dogs are domesticated wolves. Change of living environment, such as diet and veterinary care may affect the gut bacterial flora of dogs. The aim of this study was to assess the gut bacterial diversity and function in dogs compared with captive wolves. We surveyed the gut bacterial diversity of 27 domestic dogs, which were fed commercial dog food, and 31 wolves, which were fed uncooked meat, by 16S rRNA sequencing. In addition, we collected fecal samples from 5 dogs and 5 wolves for shotgun metagenomic sequencing to explore changes in the functions of their gut microbiome. Results Differences in the abundance of core bacterial genera were observed between dogs and wolves. Together with shotgun metagenomics, the gut microbiome of dogs was found to be enriched in bacteria resistant to clinical drugs (P < 0.001), while wolves were enriched in bacteria resistant to antibiotics used in livestock (P < 0.001). In addition, a higher abundance of putative α-amylase genes (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) was observed in the dog samples. Conclusions Living environment of dogs and domestic wolves has led to increased numbers of bacteria with antibiotic resistance genes, with exposure to antibiotics through direct and indirect methods. In addition, the living environment of dogs has allowed the adaptation of their microbiota to a starch-rich diet. These observations align with a domestic lifestyle for domestic dogs and captive wolves, which might have consequences for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Institute of Pet Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Shenyang Police Dog Technical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumiao Hu
- Shenyang Forest Zoological Garden, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Changchun Animals and Plants Park, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Institute of Pet Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xibao Li
- Institute of Pet Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Institute of Pet Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - David M Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Institute of Pet Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- Institute of Pet Sciences, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Wang S, Zhang D, Jiang C, He H, Cui C, Duan W, Hu S, Wang J, Cai X. Strain Characterization of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 28 and 31, Which Harbor the Resistance Genes optrA and ant(6)-Ia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020213. [PMID: 33669225 PMCID: PMC7919788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis causes disease in pigs and is implicated increasingly in human disease worldwide. Although most clinical cases are associated with serotype 2, infections by other serotypes have sometimes been reported. Here, we sequenced the genome of a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 28 (strain 11313) and a multidrug-resistant S. suis serotype 31 (strain 11LB5). Strain 11313 was apathogenic in mouse infection models, whereas strain 11LB5 displayed ganglion demyelination, meningeal thickening, congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, massive proliferation of cortical glial cells, and bacteria (>104 CFU/g) in the spinal cord and ganglia in mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry found that the heavily infiltrated glial cells were astrocytes. Strain 11313 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), optrA, tet(l), tet(o), and strain 11LB5 harbored the resistance genes ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), tet(40), tet(o/w/32/o), aac(6′)-aph(2″). Mouse studies showed that strain 11LB5 exhibited a similar virulence to serotype 2 strain 700794, highlighting the need for surveillance of the other serotype S. suis isolates, in addition to serotype 2, in farms. This is the first report of the aminoglycoside resistance gene ant(6)-Ia in S. suis from animals. This suggests that S. suis might serve as an antibiotic resistance reservoir, which spreads the resistance gene ant(6)-Ia or optrA to other streptococcal pathogens on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Defu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China;
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Haijuan He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Weitong Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Shouping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; (C.J.); (H.H.); (C.C.); (W.D.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (X.C.)
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Juricova H, Matiasovicova J, Kubasova T, Cejkova D, Rychlik I. The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in chicken gut microbiota commensals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3290. [PMID: 33558560 PMCID: PMC7870933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens or several indicator bacteria is commonly studied but the extent of antibiotic resistance in bacterial commensals colonising the intestinal tract is essentially unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes among chicken gut microbiota members in 259 isolates with known whole genomic sequences. Altogether 124 isolates contained at least one gene coding for antibiotic resistance. Genes coding for the resistance to tetracyclines (detected in 101 isolates), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics (28 isolates) and aminoglycosides (25 isolates) were the most common. The most frequent tetracycline resistance genes were tet(W), tet(32), tet(O) and tet(Q). Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae frequently encoded tet(W). Lachnospiraceae commonly coded also for tet(32) and tet(O). The tet(44) gene was associated with Erysipelotrichaceae and tet(Q) was detected in the genomes of Bacteroidaceae and Porphyromonadaceae. Without any bias we have shown that antibiotic resistance is quite common in gut commensals. However, a comparison of codon usage showed that the above-mentioned families represent the most common current reservoirs but probably not the original host of the detected resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darina Cejkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Abstract
The absence of acquired resistance to antimicrobials has become an important criterion in evaluation of the biosafety of lactobacilli used as industrial starter or probiotic cultures. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in starter and non-starter lactobacilli of food origin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and vancomycin were established in 81 strains of lactobacilli (L. acidophilus, L. animalis, L. brevis, L. curvatus, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. helveticus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. sakei) by the microdilution method. The strains were classified as susceptible or resistant to antimicrobials based on the cut-off values according to the EFSA guideline. Sixty-two strains (77% food isolates, 76% starter or adjunct cultures) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent (the most frequently to aminoglycosides). Adjunct cultures showed a higher antibiotic resistance (80%) than starters (60%). Four multiresistant strains (3 food isolates, 1 adjunct culture) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. One potentially transferable aadE gene (responsible for streptomycin resistance) was detected only in one multi-drug resistant strain of L. animalis originating from an adjunct culture. Thus, there is a risk of horizontal transmission of this gene. It is necessary to eliminate such strains from use in the food industry. This study provides relevant data concerning the use of lactobacilli in safe food production. To ensure food safety, detailed characterization of resistance to antimicrobials is necessary not only in starter strains but also in non-starter lactic acid bacteria isolated from food products.
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30
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Duarte ASR, Röder T, Van Gompel L, Petersen TN, Hansen RB, Hansen IM, Bossers A, Aarestrup FM, Wagenaar JA, Hald T. Metagenomics-Based Approach to Source-Attribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants - Identification of Reservoir Resistome Signatures. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:601407. [PMID: 33519742 PMCID: PMC7843941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics can unveil the genetic content of the total microbiota in different environments, such as food products and the guts of humans and livestock. It is therefore considered of great potential to investigate the transmission of foodborne hazards as part of source-attribution studies. Source-attribution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has traditionally relied on pathogen isolation, while metagenomics allows investigating the full span of AMR determinants. In this study, we hypothesized that the relative abundance of fecal resistome components can be associated with specific reservoirs, and that resistomes can be used for AMR source-attribution. We used shotgun-sequences from fecal samples of pigs, broilers, turkeys- and veal calves collected across Europe, and fecal samples from humans occupationally exposed to livestock in one country (pig slaughterhouse workers, pig and broiler farmers). We applied both hierarchical and flat forms of the supervised classification ensemble algorithm Random Forests to classify resistomes into corresponding reservoir classes. We identified country-specific and -independent AMR determinants, and assessed the impact of country-specific determinants when attributing AMR resistance in humans. Additionally, we performed a similarity percentage analysis with the full spectrum of AMR determinants to identify resistome signatures for the different reservoirs. We showed that the number of AMR determinants necessary to attribute a resistome into the correct reservoir increases with a larger reservoir heterogeneity, and that the impact of country-specific resistome signatures on prediction varies between countries. We predicted a higher occupational exposure to AMR determinants among workers exposed to pigs than among those exposed to broilers. Additionally, results suggested that AMR exposure on pig farms was higher than in pig slaughterhouses. Human resistomes were more similar to pig and veal calves’ resistomes than to those of broilers and turkeys, and the majority of these resistome dissimilarities can be explained by a small set of AMR determinants. We identified resistome signatures for each individual reservoir, which include AMR determinants significantly associated with on-farm antimicrobial use. We attributed human resistomes to different livestock reservoirs using Random Forests, which allowed identifying pigs as a potential source of AMR in humans. This study thus demonstrates that it is possible to apply metagenomics in AMR source-attribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Ribeiro Duarte
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timo Röder
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liese Van Gompel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Nordahl Petersen
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Inge Marianne Hansen
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tine Hald
- Division of Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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31
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Baquero F, F Lanza V, Duval M, Coque TM. Ecogenetics of antibiotic resistance in Listeria monocytogenes. Mol Microbiol 2020; 113:570-579. [PMID: 32185838 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes has maintained a high rate of susceptibility to the antibiotics used for decades to treat human and animal infections. However, L. monocytogenes can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other organisms' plasmids and conjugative transposons. Ecological factors could account for its susceptibility. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature, most frequently including reservoirs unexposed to antibiotics, including intracellular sanctuaries. L. monocytogenes has a remarkably closed genome, reflecting limited community interactions, small population sizes and high niche specialization. The L. monocytogenes species is divided into variants that are specialized in small specific niches, which reduces the possibility of coexistence with potential donors of antibiotic resistance. Interactions with potential donors are also hampered by interspecies antagonism. However, occasional increases in population sizes (and thus the possibility of acquiring antibiotic resistance) can derive from selection of the species based on intrinsic or acquired resistance to antibiotics, biocides, heavy metals or by a natural tolerance to extreme conditions. High-quality surveillance of the emergence of resistance to the key drugs used in primary therapy is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Val F Lanza
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Bioinformatics Unit, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mélodie Duval
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, and Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Selection of Potential Probiotic Bacteria from Exclusively Breastfed Infant Faeces with Antagonistic Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:739-750. [PMID: 33190215 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has brought a significant rise in antimicrobial resistance, and the ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species) have considerably aggravated a threat to public health, causing nosocomial infections worldwide. The objective of the current study was to isolate novel probiotic strain with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. For this purpose, eighteen breastfed infant faeces were collected and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antagonistic activity were isolated. Out of 102 anaerobic LAB isolated, only nine exhibited inhibitory activity against all ESKAPE pathogens. These selected nine isolates were further characterized for their probiotic attributes such as lysozyme tolerance, simulated gastrointestinal tolerance, cellular auto-aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity. Bile salt deconjugation and cholesterol-lowering capacity was also determined. Among all nine, isolate LBM220 was found to possess superior probiotic potential. Confirmatory identification of isolate LBM220 was done by both 16S rRNA sequence analysis and mass spectrometric analysis using MALDI-TOF. Based on BLAST result, isolate LBM220 was identified as Lactobacillus gasseri. Phylogenetic analysis of Lactobacillus gasseri LBM220 [accession number MN097539] was performed. Also, detailed safety evaluation study of Lact. gasseri LBM220 showed the presence of intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the absence of hemolytic, DNase, gelatinase and toxic mucinolytic activity. Time kill assay was also performed to confirm the strong kill effect of Lact. gasseri LBM220 on all six multidrug resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Thus, Lact. gasseri LBM220 can be utilized and explored as potential probiotic with therapeutic intervention.
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33
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Aslam S, Sayeed Saraf V, Saleem S, Saeed S, Javed S, Junjua M, Bokhari H. Lactobacillus species signature in association with term and preterm births from low-income group of Pakistan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2843-2852. [PMID: 32892671 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1810660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM/PURPOSE OF STUDY It is estimated that around 15 million babies are born prematurely every year and approximately one million children die each year due to complications of preterm birth (PTB). Many survivors face a lifetime of disability, including learning disabilities and visual and hearing problems. The current study aimed to characterize Lactobacillus species isolated from vaginal swabs and determine their antibiotic susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 term and 20 preterm samples were processed by culturing on MRS agar and initial identification was carried out using sugar fermentation reactions and 16S rRNA PCR. Moreover, Lactobacillus species from preterm and term cases using paired samples, i.e. vaginal swabs and placenta tissues from 8 preterm delivering mothers were further recruited for metagenomics study to possibly detect uncultured Lactobacillus species known to cause PTB. RESULTS 40% samples from preterm delivering mothers lack any Lactobacillus species whereas in contrast vaginal microflora of all term delivering mothers carry one or more species of Lactobacillus. L. crispatus (46% in term group and 25% preterm group) was found to be the most abundant group followed by L. jensenii (25% in both groups) and L. gasseri (19% in term group and 10% in preterm group). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile suggests that preterm isolates were least resistant to linezolid (20% resistance rate) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (22% resistant rate) compared to term isolates (>60% for each drug group). Furthermore, the metagenomics data for paired samples (8 VS and 8 PT) from extreme PTB suggested that Lactobacillus Iners was the main difference between term and preterm deliveries. Moreover, overall lack of lactobacillus species or presence of rogue Lactobacillus species such as L. iners and L. vaginilis is associated with PTB. ERIC-PCR analysis using Lactobacillus crispatus revealed that all the pre-term samples are closely related and fall in same cluster while all the term samples fall in different cluster. CONCLUSION The study not only provides a baseline data of distinct signatures of associated lactobacillus species with the PTB which may be further transmitted to new born infants but also developing further therapeutic interventions to better manage the PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Aslam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sidra Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salma Saeed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maira Junjua
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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34
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Dec M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Nowaczek A, Puchalski A, Urban-Chmiel R. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of fecal lactobacilli from domesticated pigeons in Poland. Anaerobe 2020; 65:102251. [PMID: 32781109 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus species play an important role in the host and although they are non-pathogenic, they could act as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes, with the potential risk of transfer to other bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to identify Lactobacillus species derived from feces of domesticated pigeons and to characterize their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. A total of 57 Lactobacillus isolates were classified into six species using the MALDI-TOF technique and 16S rDNA restriction analysis. Strains of L. ingluviei (31%), L. salivarius (28%) and L. agilis (23%) were the dominant species isolated. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility by the microdilution broth method showed widespread resistance to kanamycin (89%), tetracycline (84%), streptomycin (63%), and enrofloxacin (37%). Less than 30% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, lincosamides, gentamycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin. Over half (51%) of the lactobacilli were classified as multidrug resistant. Tet genes were detected in 79% of isolates; the lnuA, cat, ermB, ermC, ant(6)-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, and int-Tn genes were found at a lower frequency. Sequence analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR)of the gyrA gene showed that fluoroquinolone resistance in lactobacilli was the result of a mutation that lead to a change in the amino acid sequence (Ser83→Tyr/Leu/Phe). Domesticated pigeons could be a reservoir for AMR Lactobacillus strains and AMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Nowaczek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Puchalski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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35
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Petit RA, Read TD. Bactopia: a Flexible Pipeline for Complete Analysis of Bacterial Genomes. mSystems 2020; 5:e00190-20. [PMID: 32753501 PMCID: PMC7406220 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00190-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of bacterial genomes using Illumina technology has become such a standard procedure that often data are generated faster than can be conveniently analyzed. We created a new series of pipelines called Bactopia, built using Nextflow workflow software, to provide efficient comparative genomic analyses for bacterial species or genera. Bactopia consists of a data set setup step (Bactopia Data Sets [BaDs]), which creates a series of customizable data sets for the species of interest, the Bactopia Analysis Pipeline (BaAP), which performs quality control, genome assembly, and several other functions based on the available data sets and outputs the processed data to a structured directory format, and a series of Bactopia Tools (BaTs) that perform specific postprocessing on some or all of the processed data. BaTs include pan-genome analysis, computing average nucleotide identity between samples, extracting and profiling the 16S genes, and taxonomic classification using highly conserved genes. It is expected that the number of BaTs will increase to fill specific applications in the future. As a demonstration, we performed an analysis of 1,664 public Lactobacillus genomes, focusing on Lactobacillus crispatus, a species that is a common part of the human vaginal microbiome. Bactopia is an open source system that can scale from projects as small as one bacterial genome to ones including thousands of genomes and that allows for great flexibility in choosing comparison data sets and options for downstream analysis. Bactopia code can be accessed at https://www.github.com/bactopia/bactopiaIMPORTANCE It is now relatively easy to obtain a high-quality draft genome sequence of a bacterium, but bioinformatic analysis requires organization and optimization of multiple open source software tools. We present Bactopia, a pipeline for bacterial genome analysis, as an option for processing bacterial genome data. Bactopia also automates downloading of data from multiple public sources and species-specific customization. Because the pipeline is written in the Nextflow language, analyses can be scaled from individual genomes on a local computer to thousands of genomes using cloud resources. As a usage example, we processed 1,664 Lactobacillus genomes from public sources and used comparative analysis workflows (Bactopia Tools) to identify and analyze members of the L. crispatus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Petit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy D Read
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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36
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Horackova S, Vesela K, Klojdova I, Bercikova M, Plockova M. Bile salt hydrolase activity, growth characteristics and surface properties in Lactobacillus acidophilus. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Aziz G, Fakhar H, Rahman SU, Tariq M, Zaidi A. An assessment of the aggregation and probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus species isolated from native (desi) chicken gut. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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38
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Dec M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Gnat S, Fratini F, Urban-Chmiel R, Cerri D, Winiarczyk S, Turchi B. Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Genes in Enterococcus Isolates from Wild Mammals Living in Tuscany, Italy. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:505-519. [PMID: 31663834 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is of great importance to human and animal health, but wild environments are still poorly understood in terms of their function as reservoirs of dangerous microbes and resistance determinants. The aim of the study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus bacteria from wildlife in Tuscany, Italy. Of the 36 mammalian fecal samples, 52 isolates were derived and classified as Enterococcus faecium (46% of isolates), Enterococcus hirae (19%), Enterococcus faecalis (13%), Enterococcus gallinarum (8%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (6%), Enterococcus durans (4%), Enterococcus mundtii (2%), and Enterococcus canintestini (2%) using both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and methods based on analysis of genetic material. The isolates tested showed the most frequent resistance to tetracycline (36.5% isolates), ciprofloxacin (36.5%), and erythromycin (25%). Three isolates showed high level of resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration ≥1,024 μg/mL) to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and 15% of the isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. No isolate resistant to ampicillin, linezolid, or streptomycin was found. Among resistance genes, aac(6)-Ii (50% isolates), msrA/B (48%), msrC (42%), and tetM (31%) were identified most frequently. All E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates were positive for the efaAfm and efaAfs genes, respectively. Other virulence-associated genes, that is, gelE, cylA, asa1, esp, ace, orf1481, ptsD, and sgrA, were found in the majority of E. faecalis and several E. faecium isolates. Multilocus sequence typing analysis performed for selected isolates revealed three new sequence types. The results obtained indicate that wild mammals might act as reservoirs of resistance and virulence determinants that could be transferred between different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Domenico Cerri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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39
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Pokrant E, Maddaleno A, Lobos R, Trincado L, Lapierre L, San Martín B, Cornejo J. Assessing the depletion of lincomycin in feathers from treated broiler chickens: a comparison with the concentration of its residues in edible tissues. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1647-1653. [PMID: 31535930 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1662952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lincomycin is the first antimicrobial agent described for the lincosamide class and it is commonly used for the treatment of infectious enteric and respiratory diseases in poultry. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) in edible tissues have been established for this antimicrobial, however, no regulation has been proposed yet for by-products that are not intended for direct human consumption. Feathers are a by-product from poultry farming that might be used as an ingredient for diets fed to other farm animal species. The presence of antimicrobial residues in them is not monitored in spite of the fact that several studies have proved that they can persist in feathers. Currently though, no evidence has been presented regarding the behaviour of lincomycin in this matrix. Hence, this work intended to assess the depletion of lincomycin residues in feathers of birds treated with therapeutic doses and compare them with those detected in muscle and liver samples. Samples were collected for several days after ceasing treatment from a group of broiler chickens treated with a 25% lincomycin formulation. Methanol and Florisil® columns were used to extract and retain the analyte, and samples were analysed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (API 5500, AB SCIEX™). On day 1 after ceasing treatment, average concentrations of lincomycin detected in feather samples reached up to 8582 μg kg-1 and by day 16, these had only declined by 63%, to an average of 3138 μg kg-1. Lincomycin residues were detected in feathers at every sampling point, even after they were not detectable in edible tissues. Depletion time was 98 days for feathers, considering the LOQ established for the methodology as cut-off value for the calculations. Data showed that lincomycin is highly persistent in feathers, which may result in this matrix becoming a re-entry route for its residues into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pokrant
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Lobos
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Trincado
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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40
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Hazırolan G, Gündoğdu A, Nigiz S, Altun B, Gür D. Presence of OXA-48 Gene in a Clinical Isolate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:840-843. [PMID: 31373839 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are part of the microbiota and are also used as probiotics. However, in recent years they have been associated with invasive infections, especially bacteremia. Lactobacillus spp. are usually susceptible to penicillins, macrolides, and carbapenems, but Lactobacillus rhamnosus is intrinsically resistant to glycopeptides. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and resistance mechanism of a clinical isolate of L. rhamnosus isolated from 10 sets of blood cultures of the same patient. The isolate was identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics; BD, Bremen, Germany) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In vitro susceptibilities to penicillin, ampicillin, imipenem, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and linezolid were determined with gradient test strips (bioMérieux, France) on Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD. The isolate was resistant to vancomycin and imipenem. Polymerase chain reaction test was positive for blaOXA-48 and the presence of this carbapenemase was confirmed by gene sequencing. Although plasmid analysis suggested that the blaOXA-48 is chromosomal in this isolate, it is still an alarming finding for potential transmission of antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria in the gut. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of blaOXA-48 in a Lactobacillus spp. and has utmost importance as these bacteria are used as probiotics. The isolation of these bacteria from sterile body sites should not go unnoticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Hazırolan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aycan Gündoğdu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seyma Nigiz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgin Altun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Gür
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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A Preliminary Study on Probiotic Characteristics of Sporosarcina spp. for Poultry Applications. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:448-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Campedelli I, Mathur H, Salvetti E, Clarke S, Rea MC, Torriani S, Ross RP, Hill C, O'Toole PW. Genus-Wide Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance in Lactobacillus spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01738-18. [PMID: 30366997 PMCID: PMC6293106 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01738-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus species are widely used as probiotics and starter cultures for a variety of foods, supported by a long history of safe usage. Although more than 35 species meet the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) criteria for qualified presumption of safety status, the safety of Lactobacillus species and their carriage of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes is under continuing ad hoc review. To comprehensively update the identification of AR in the genus Lactobacillus, we determined the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 182 Lactobacillus type strains and compared these phenotypes to their genotypes based on genome-wide annotations of AR genes. Resistances to trimethoprim, vancomycin, and kanamycin were the most common phenotypes. A combination of homology-based screening and manual annotation identified genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (20 sequences), tetracycline (18), erythromycin (6), clindamycin (60), and chloramphenicol (42). In particular, the genes aac(3) and lsa, involved in resistance to aminoglycosides and clindamycin, respectively, were found in Lactobacillus spp. Acquired determinants predicted to code for tetracycline and erythromycin resistance were detected in Lactobacillus ingluviei, Lactobacillus amylophilus, and Lactobacillus amylotrophicus, flanked in the genome by mobile genetic elements with potential for horizontal transfer.IMPORTANCELactobacillus species are generally considered to be nonpathogenic and are used in a wide variety of foods and products for humans and animals. However, many of the species examined in this study have antibiotic resistance levels which exceed those recommended by the EFSA, suggesting that these cutoff values should be reexamined in light of the genetic basis for resistance discussed here. Our data provide evidence for rationally revising the regulatory guidelines for safety assessment of lactobacilli entering the food chain as starter cultures, food preservatives, or probiotics and will facilitate comprehensive genotype-based assessment of strains for safety screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsh Mathur
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisa Salvetti
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Clarke
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Anisimova E, Yarullina D. Characterization of Erythromycin and Tetracycline Resistance in Lactobacillus fermentum Strains. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:3912326. [PMID: 30534155 PMCID: PMC6252201 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3912326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus fermentum colonizing gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of humans and animals is widely used in manufacturing of fermented products and as probiotics. These bacteria may function as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes, which can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, monitoring and control of transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants in these microorganisms is necessary to approve their safety status. The aim of this study was to characterize erythromycin and tetracycline resistance of L. fermentum isolates and to estimate the potential transfer of resistance genes from lactobacilli to the other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among six L. fermentum strains isolated from human feces and commercial dairy products, five strains demonstrated phenotypic resistance to tetracycline. PCR screening for antibiotic resistance determinants revealed plasmid-located tetracycline resistance genes tet(K) and tet(M) in all strains and erythromycin resistance genes erm(B) in the chromosome of L. fermentum 5-1 and erm(C) in the plasmid of L. fermentum 3-4. All tested lactobacilli lacked conjugative transposon Tn916 and were not able to transfer tetracycline resistance genes to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, and Escherichia coli by filter mating. Staphylococcus haemolyticus did not accept erythromycin resistance genes from corresponding Lactobacillus strains. Thus, in the present study, L. fermentum was not implicated in the spread of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance, but still these strains pose the threat to the environment and human health because they harbored erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in their plasmids and therefore should not be used in foods and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Anisimova
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Dina Yarullina
- Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Dec M, Nowaczek A, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Wawrzykowski J, Urban-Chmiel R. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of lactobacilli isolated from turkeys. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:168. [PMID: 30373569 PMCID: PMC6206647 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify Lactobacillus isolates derived from turkeys from six Polish farms and to characterize their phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles. Results Among 62 isolates identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and restriction analysis of 16S rDNA, the dominant species was L. salivarius (35%), followed by L. crispatus (21%), L. ingluviei (14.5%) and L. johnsonii (10%). A high prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (68% resistant isolates), lincomycin (64.5%) and enrofloxacin (60%) among the lactobacilli tested was observed. Fewer than 50% isolates were resistant to ampicillin (47%), erythromycin (45%), streptomycin (31%), chloramphenicol (29%) and gentamicin (10%). As many as 64,5% of the isolates showed multidrug resistance. High MIC values for ampicillin (≥64 μg/ml) were usually accompanied by elevated MICs for cephalosporins (≥16 μg/ml) and high MICs for tiamulin, i.e. ≥32 μg/ml, were noted in most of the turkey lactobacilli (61%). The occurrence of resistance genes was associated with phenotypic resistance, with the exception of five phenotypically susceptible isolates that contained the tetM, tetL, ermC, ermB or cat genes. The most frequently identified were ermB (45% isolates), tetL (40%), tetW (37%) and tetM (29%), and the occurrence of lnuA (18%), cat (10%), ermC (6%), ant(6)-Ia (5%) and aadE (5%) was less frequent. The mechanism of ampicillin resistance has not been elucidated, but the results of nitrocefin test confirmed that it is not involved in the production of beta-lactamases. Conclusions The high rate of antibiotic resistance observed in this study indicates the need to implement the principles of rational use of antibiotics in poultry. The presence of transmissible resistant genes in lactobacilli may contribute to the development of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains that pose a threat to both poultry and consumers. The results of these studies may be useful for committees providing guidance on antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms in order to revise and supplement current microbiological cut-offs values within the genus Lactobacillus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1269-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Nowaczek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Aristimuño Ficoseco C, Mansilla FI, Maldonado NC, Miranda H, Fátima Nader-Macias ME, Vignolo GM. Safety and Growth Optimization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Feedlot Cattle for Probiotic Formula Design. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2220. [PMID: 30323790 PMCID: PMC6172481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to eliminate the widespread use of antibiotics in livestock production, the research for alternatives has increased lately. This study examined the safety of 40 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from bovine feedlot environment and previously selected as potential probiotics. A high sensitivity prevalence to ampicillin (AMP, 100%), gentamicin (GEN, 96.3%), kanamycin (KAN, 96.3%), clindamycin (CLI, 85.2%), chloramphenicol (CHL, 92.6%) and streptomycin (STR, 88.9%) while moderate and high resistance against erythromycin (ERY, 48%) and tetracycline (TET, 79%) respectively, were determined. Feedlot enterococci and pediococci displayed high resistance to CLI, ERY, GEN and TET (73, 100, 54.5, and 73%, respectively). Among fifteen resistance genes investigated, seven were identified in lactobacilli; their presence not always was correlated with phenotypic resistance. STR resistance genes, aadA and ant(6) were observed in 7.4 and 3.7% of isolates, respectively; genes responsible for aminoglycosides resistance, such as bla (7.4%), and aph(3”)-III (3.7%) were also recognized. In addition, resistance cat and tetS genes (3.7 and 7.4%, respectively) were harbored by feedlot lactobacilli strains. The presence of ermB gene in 22.3% of isolates, including two of the six strains phenotypically resistant to ERY, exhibited the highest prevalence among the assessed antibiotics. None of the feedlot lactobacilli harbored virulence factors genes, while positive PCR amplification for ace, agg, fsrA, and atpA genes was found for enterococci. With the objective of producing large cell biomass for probiotic delivery, growth media without peptone but containing glucose and skim milk powder (Mgl and Mlac) were selected as optimal. Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL2074, L. amylovorus CRL2115, L. mucosae CRL2069, and L. rhamnosus CRL2084 were strains selected as free of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants, able to reach high cell numbers in non-expensive culture media and being compatible among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Aristimuño Ficoseco
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Flavia I Mansilla
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Natalia C Maldonado
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Hortencia Miranda
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - María E Fátima Nader-Macias
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Graciela M Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
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DEC M, NOWACZEK A, URBAN-CHMIEL R, STĘPIEŃ-PYŚNIAK D, WERNICKI A. Probiotic potential of Lactobacillus isolates of chicken origin with anti-Campylobacter activity. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1195-1203. [PMID: 29877314 PMCID: PMC6115247 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is currently the most frequent zoonosis in humans and the main source of infection is contaminated poultry meat. As chickens are a natural host for Campylobacter species, one strategy to prevent infection in humans is to eliminate these bacteria on poultry farms. A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic potential of 46 Lactobacillus isolates from chickens faeces or cloacae. All lactobacilli were able to produce active compounds on solid media with antagonistic properties against C. jejuni and C. coli, with L. salivarius and L. reuteri exhibiting particularly strong antagonism. The cell-free culture supernatants had a much weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of Campylobacter, and the neutralization of organic acids caused them to completely lose their inhibitory properties. The ability to produce H2O2 was exhibited by 93% of isolates; most of isolates had a hydrophobic surface, showed excellent survival at pH 2.0 or 1.5, and displayed tolerance to bile; 50% isolates displayed the ability to biofilm formation. Determination of MICs of various antibiotics showed that as much as 80.4% of Lactobacillus isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Seven ultimately selected isolates that met all the basic criteria for probiotics may have potential application in reducing Camylobacter spp. in chickens and thus prevent infections in both birds and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta DEC
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases,
Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna NOWACZEK
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases,
Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata URBAN-CHMIEL
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases,
Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara STĘPIEŃ-PYŚNIAK
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases,
Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej WERNICKI
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases,
Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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47
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Rozos G, Voidarou C, Stavropoulou E, Skoufos I, Tzora A, Alexopoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E. Biodiversity and Microbial Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated From the Traditional Greek Cheese Kopanisti. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:517. [PMID: 29623072 PMCID: PMC5875084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kopanisti is a Greek artisan cheese produced from raw milk in the island of Mykonos, Greece. The milk is left to rest for 12–24 h and then the rennet is added. After its formation the curd is left to drain for 2–3 days and is ready either for consumption (as tyrovolia fresh cheese), or with the addition of extra salt, the curd is left to ripen through further fermentation and surface development of Penicillium fungi, aprocess leading to the production of the traditional Greek cheese Kopanisti. From 120 samples of kopanisti, 574 Lactobacillus strains were isolated, distributed in 17 species (16 of them isolated from tyrovolia as well). Strains from 15 species were found resistant or multiresistant against 15 antimicrobial agents, representing all categories of antibiotics. Analysis revealed that the resistance was moderated during ripening of the curd from tyrovolia to Kopanisti. Resistance against penicillin G, ampicillin/sulbactam, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, trimethoprim, metronidazole, vancomycin, teichoplanin, and quinupristin/dalvopristin was significantly enhanced, while the resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, gentamycin, and fucidic acid was significantly reduced. These changes during ripening suggest that resistance to antimicrobials is a dynamic process subjected to environmental factors. The biodiversity of isolated Lactobacillus strains is impressive and explains the exquisite sensorial characteristics of the cheese. However, the extent of the resistance is alarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Rozos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Chrysa Voidarou
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Service des Urgences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
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