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Bader I, Groot C, Tan HS, Milongo JMA, Haan JD, Verberk IMW, Yong K, Orellina J, Campbell S, Wilson D, van Harten AC, Kok PHB, van der Flier WM, Pijnenburg YAL, Barkhof F, van de Giessen E, Teunissen CE, Bouwman FH, Ossenkoppele R. Rationale and design of the BeyeOMARKER study: prospective evaluation of blood- and eye-based biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease pathology in the eye clinic. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:190. [PMID: 39169442 PMCID: PMC11340081 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease that may require screening across multiple routes of referral to enable early detection and subsequent future implementation of tailored interventions. Blood- and eye-based biomarkers show promise as low-cost, scalable and patient-friendly tools for early AD detection given their ability to provide information on AD pathophysiological changes and manifestations in the retina, respectively. Eye clinics provide an intriguing real-world proof-of-concept setting to evaluate the performance of these potential AD screening tools given the intricate connections between the eye and brain, presumed enrichment for AD pathology in the aging population with eye disorders, and the potential for an accelerated diagnostic pathway for under-recognized patient groups. METHODS The BeyeOMARKER study is a prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study aiming to include individuals visiting an eye-clinic. Inclusion criteria entail being ≥ 50 years old and having no prior dementia diagnosis. Excluded eye-conditions include traumatic insults, superficial inflammation, and conditions in surrounding structures of the eye that are not engaged in vision. The BeyeOMARKER cohort (n = 700) will undergo blood collection to assess plasma p-tau217 levels and a brief cognitive screening at the eye clinic. All participants will subsequently be invited for annual longitudinal follow-up including remotely administered cognitive screening and questionnaires. The BeyeOMARKER + cohort (n = 150), consisting of 100 plasma p-tau217 positive participants and 50 matched negative controls selected from the BeyeOMARKER cohort, will additionally undergo Aβ-PET and tau-PET, MRI, retinal imaging including hyperspectral imaging (primary), widefield imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-Angiography (secondary), and cognitive and cortical vision assessments. RESULTS We aim to implement the current protocol between April 2024 until March 2027. Primary outcomes include the performance of plasma p-tau217 and hyperspectral retinal imaging to detect AD pathology (using Aβ- and tau-PET visual read as reference standard) and to detect cognitive decline. Initial follow-up is ~ 2 years but may be extended with additional funding. CONCLUSIONS We envision that the BeyeOMARKER study will demonstrate the feasibility of early AD detection based on blood- and eye-based biomarkers in alternative screening settings, and will improve our understanding of the eye-brain connection. TRIAL REGISTRATION The BeyeOMARKER study (Eudamed CIV ID: CIV-NL-23-09-044086; registration date: 19th of March 2024) is approved by the ethical review board of the Amsterdam UMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Bader
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands.
| | - Colin Groot
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - H Stevie Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marie A Milongo
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands
| | - Jurre den Haan
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Keir Yong
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Dementia Research Centre, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Argonde C van Harten
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline H B Kok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands.
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Jiskoot LC, van den Berg E, Vollebergh H, de Haan R, de Boer L, Poos JM, Franzen S, van Hemmen J, Seelaar H. Occupational differences in a Dutch sample of patients with primary progressive aphasia, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's dementia. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38615690 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2339514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve is a potential mechanism to cope with brain damage as a result of dementia, which can be defined by indirect proxies, including education level, leisure time activities, and occupational attainment. In this study we explored the association between dementia diagnosis and type of occupation in a retrospective Dutch outpatient memory clinic sample of patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and Alzheimer's Dementia (AD). METHODS We included data from 427 patients (bvFTD n = 87, PPA n = 148, AD n = 192) and compared the frequency of occupations (11 categories) between patients and data from the Dutch census using Pearson Χ2 tests and we calculated odds ratios (OR) by means of multinomial logistic regression analyses. We also investigated patient group differences in age, sex, education, disease duration, and global cognition. RESULTS The frequency of teachers in patients with PPA was significantly higher than the frequency of teachers in patients with bvFTD [OR = 4.79, p = .007] and AD [OR = 2.04, p = .041]. The frequency of teachers in patients with PPA (16%) was also significantly higher than the frequency of teachers in the Dutch census [5.3%; OR = 3.27, p < .001]. The frequency of teachers in both bvFTD and AD groups were not significantly different from the frequency of teachers in the Dutch census (p = .078 and p = .513, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A potential explanation for our results is the so called "wear and tear" hypothesis, suggesting that teachers have a communication-wise demanding occupation - and therefore are at higher risk to develop PPA. Alternatively, teaching requires continuous communication, hence teachers are more sensitive to subtle changes in their speech and language abilities. Our findings broaden our understanding of the relationship between occupational activity and cognitive reserve in the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize C Jiskoot
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther van den Berg
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Vollebergh
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romy de Haan
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liset de Boer
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackie M Poos
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Franzen
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judy van Hemmen
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Fan Y, Shi L. Treadmill exercise pretreatment ameliorated structural synaptic plasticity impairments of medial prefrontal cortex in vascular dementia rat and improved recognition memory. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7116. [PMID: 38531892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate structural synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats under treadmill exercise pretreatment or naive conditions in a vascular dementia model, followed by recognition memory performance in a novel object recognition task. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained and randomly assigned into 4 groups as follows: control group (Con group, n = 6), vascular dementia (VD group, n = 6), exercise and vascular dementia group (Exe + VD group, n = 6), and exercise group (Exe group, n = 6). Initially, 4 weeks of treadmill exercise intervention was administered to the rats in the Exe + VD and Exe groups. Then, to establish the vascular dementia model, the rats both in the VD and Exe + VD groups were subjected to bilateral common carotids arteries surgery. One week later, open-field task and novel recognition memory task were adopted to evaluate anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory in each group. Then, immunofluorescence and Golgi staining were used to evaluate neuronal number and spine density in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the synaptic ultrastructure. Finally, microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the levels of 5-HT and dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex. The behavior results showed that 4 weeks of treadmill exercise pretreatment significantly alleviated recognition memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in VD rats (P < 0.01), while the rats in VD group exhibited impaired recognition memory and anxiety-like behavior when compared with the Con group (P < 0.001). Additionally, NeuN immunostaining results revealed a significant decrease of NeuN-marked neuron in the VD group compared to Con group (P < 0.01), but a significantly increase in this molecular marker was found in the Exe + VD group compared to the Con group (P < 0.01). Golgi staining results showed that the medial prefrontal cortex neurons in the VD group displayed fewer dendritic spines than those in the Con group (P < 0.01), and there were more spines on the dendrites of medial prefrontal cortex cells in Exe + VD rats than in VD rats (P < 0.01). Transmission electron microscopy further revealed that there was a significant reduction of synapses intensity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats in the VD group when compared with the Con group(P < 0.01), but physical exercise was found to significantly increased synapses intensity in the VD model (P < 0.01). Lastly, the levels of dopamine and 5-HT in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats in the VD group was significantly lower compared to the Con group (P < 0.01), and treadmill exercise was shown to significantly increased the levels of dopamine and 5-HT in the VD rats (P < 0.05). Treadmill exercise pretreatment ameliorated structural synaptic plasticity impairments of medial prefrontal cortex in VD rat and improved recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Psychology and Education, Shantou Polytechnic, Shantou, 515071, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e347-e913. [PMID: 38264914 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2024 AHA Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2023 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and AHA staff members. The AHA strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional global data, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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5
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Fugar S, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Ho JE, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Levine DA, Liu J, Ma J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e93-e621. [PMID: 36695182 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1303] [Impact Index Per Article: 1303.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Taati Moghadam M, Amirmozafari N, Mojtahedi A, Bakhshayesh B, Shariati A, Masjedian Jazi F. Association of perturbation of oral bacterial with incident of Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24483. [PMID: 35689551 PMCID: PMC9279996 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case-control study was designed to compare the composition of the predominant oral bacterial microbiome in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control group. SUBJECT A total of 30 adult participants (15 AD and 15 healthy individuals) were entered in this study. The composition of oral bacterial microbiome was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using bacterial 16S rDNA gene. The levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines in both groups were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS The loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia were significantly more abundant in the AD compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans were relatively frequent in the AD group, no significance difference was observed in their copy number between two groups. Although the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were higher in the AD group, there was a significant difference in their levels between the two groups (p < 0.05). Finally, there was a significant relationship between increased number of pathogenic bacteria in oral microbiome and higher concentration of cytokines in patient's blood. CONCLUSION Our knowledge of oral microbiome and its exact association with AD is rather limited; our study showed a significant association between changes in oral microbiome bacteria, increased inflammatory cytokines, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Taati Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nour Amirmozafari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mojtahedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshayesh
- Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and medicine research center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang NY, Yaffe K, Martin SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e153-e639. [PMID: 35078371 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2499] [Impact Index Per Article: 1249.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2022 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population and an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, and the global burden of cardiovascular disease and healthy life expectancy. RESULTS Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Dynamic Changes of Beclin-1 in the Hippocampus of Male Mice with Vascular Dementia at Different Time Points. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1611-1618. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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