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Feter N, Ligeza TS, Bashir N, Shanmugam RJ, Montero Herrera B, Aldabbagh T, Usman AF, Yonezawa A, McCarthy S, Herrera D, Vargas D, Mir EM, Syed T, Desai S, Shi H, Kim W, Puhar N, Gowda K, Nowak O, Kuang J, Quiroz F, Caputo EL, Yu Q, Pionke JJ, Zou L, Raine LB, Gratton G, Fabiani M, Lubans DR, Hallal PC, Pindus DM. Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108444. [PMID: 39197948 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the acute and chronic effects of reducing prolonged sedentary time (ST) with physical activity (PA) on cognitive and brain health. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to 17 June 2024, with healthy participants without cognitive impairment or neurological conditions that affect cognitive functioning, aged ≥4 years, testing acute and chronic effects of reducing ST and/or prolonged ST by reallocating ST to PA on cognitive function, brain function, and structure. RESULTS We included 25 RCTs (n=1289) investigating acute (21 studies) and chronic (4 studies) effects on cognitive function (acute: n=20, chronic: n=4) and brain function (acute: n=7, chronic: n=1); there were no studies on brain structure. Acutely interrupting continuous ST with either multiple or a single PA bout improved cognitive function measured from 3 hours to three consecutive days based on 91 effect sizes (g=0.17, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.29, p=0.005, I 2=45.5%). When comparing single versus multiple PA bouts, only multiple PA bouts yielded a positive effect on cognitive function based on 72 effect sizes (g=0.20, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.35, p=0.006; I 2=48.8%). Chronic studies reported null findings on cognitive function (n=4), with some evidence of improved neural efficiency of the hippocampus (n=1). CONCLUSION Interrupting ST with PA acutely improves cognitive function. The evidence from chronic studies remains inconclusive. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020200998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tomasz S Ligeza
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Neha Bashir
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramiya J Shanmugam
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan Montero Herrera
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tamara Aldabbagh
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne-Farah Usman
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ayumi Yonezawa
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Shane McCarthy
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Danielle Herrera
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Denise Vargas
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Emaad M Mir
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- The School of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Talha Syed
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sanam Desai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hector Shi
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - William Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalie Puhar
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kushi Gowda
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- College of Medicine Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Olivia Nowak
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Research & Development Solutions, IQVIA, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
| | - Jin Kuang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Flor Quiroz
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eduardo L Caputo
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Pionke
- iSchool, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Liye Zou
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - David R Lubans
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle Australia, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Dominika M Pindus
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Lai TF, Chang CC, Hsueh MC, Koohsari MJ, Shibata A, Liao Y, Oka K. Association of 24-Hour movement behavior and cognitive function in older Taiwanese adults. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:60-66. [PMID: 38986430 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates how 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep) relate to cognitive performance in older adults. METHODS 213 adults (aged 65+) wore accelerometers to track activity. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Isotemporal substitution analysis examined how replacing one behavior with another affected cognition. RESULTS Increased light physical activity was linked to better cognitive function, whereas longer sleep had a negative impact. Replacing 30 min of sedentary behavior or sleep with light physical activity improved orientation, attention, language, and short-term memory. Substituting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity did not have the same cognitive benefit. CONCLUSION Encouraging older adults to replace sedentary time or excess sleep with light physical activity could support cognitive health and potentially help prevent dementia. These findings have implications for public health strategies promoting cognitive well-being in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fu Lai
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea; Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Raichlen DA, Ally M, Aslan DH, Sayre MK, Bharadwaj PK, Maltagliati S, Lai MHC, Wilcox RR, Habeck CG, Klimentidis YC, Alexander GE. Associations between accelerometer-derived sedentary behavior and physical activity with white matter hyperintensities in middle-aged to older adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e70001. [PMID: 39183745 PMCID: PMC11342350 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.70001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the relationship between sedentary behavior (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, a common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker associated with risk of neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged to older adults. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank (n = 14,415; 45 to 81 years) that included accelerometer-derived measures of SB and MVPA, and WMH volumes from MRI. RESULTS Both MVPA and SB were associated with WMH volumes (βMVPA = -0.03 [-0.04, -0.01], p < 0.001; βSB = 0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.007). There was a significant interaction between SB and MVPA on WMH volumes (βSB×MVPA = -0.015 [-0.028, -0.001], p SB×MVPA = 0.03) where SB was positively associated with WMHs at low MVPA, and MVPA was negatively associated with WMHs at high SB. DISCUSSION While this study cannot establish causality, the results highlight the potential importance of considering both MVPA and SB in strategies aimed at reducing the accumulation of WMH volumes in middle-aged to older adults. Highlights SB is associated with greater WMH volumes and MVPA is associated with lower WMH volumes.Relationships between SB and WMH are strongest at low levels of MVPA.Associations between MVPA and WMH are strongest at high levels of SB.Considering both SB and MVPA may be effective strategies for reducing WMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology SectionDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Madeline Ally
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Daniel H. Aslan
- Human and Evolutionary Biology SectionDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Human and Evolutionary Biology SectionDepartment of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark H. C. Lai
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rand R. Wilcox
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christian G. Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience DivisionDepartment of Neurology and Taub InstituteColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yann C. Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public HealthUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary ProgramUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary ProgramUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Arizona Alzheimer's ConsortiumPhoenixArizonaUSA
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Paiva Prudente T, Oliva HNP, Oliva IO, Mezaiko E, Monteiro-Junior RS. Effects of Physical Exercise on Cerebral Blood Velocity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:847. [PMID: 37887497 PMCID: PMC10604216 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the older population grows, there is an increasing interest in understanding how physical exercise can counteract the changes seen with aging. The benefits of exercise to general health, and especially to the cardiovascular system, have been a topic of discussion for decades. However, there is still a need to elucidate the effects of training programs on the cerebrovascular blood velocity in older people. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of physical exercise on the cerebral blood velocity in older people (PROSPERO CRD42019136305). A search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus from the inception of this study to October 2023, retrieving 493 results, of which 26 were included, analyzing more than 1000 participants. An overall moderate risk of bias was found for the studies using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools for randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. The pooled results of randomized trials showed that older people who underwent physical exercise presented a statistically significant increase in cerebral blood velocity (3.58; 95%CI = 0.51, 6.65; p = 0.02). This result indicates that physical exercise is important to help maintain cerebral health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Paiva Prudente
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Postgraduation Programme of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Oliveira Oliva
- School of Medicine, Centro Universitario FIPMoc (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros 39408-007, MG, Brazil;
| | - Eleazar Mezaiko
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Postgraduation Programme of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
- Postgraduation Programme of Neurology/Neuroscience, Universidade Federal, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
- Research and Study Group in Neuroscience, Exercise, Health and Sport—GENESEs, Physical Education Department, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
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Pinto AJ, Bergouignan A, Dempsey PC, Roschel H, Owen N, Gualano B, Dunstan DW. Physiology of sedentary behavior. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2561-2622. [PMID: 37326297 PMCID: PMC10625842 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors (SB) are characterized by low energy expenditure while in a sitting or reclining posture. Evidence relevant to understanding the physiology of SB can be derived from studies employing several experimental models: bed rest, immobilization, reduced step count, and reducing/interrupting prolonged SB. We examine the relevant physiological evidence relating to body weight and energy balance, intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and immunity and inflammatory responses. Excessive and prolonged SB can lead to insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, shift in substrate use toward carbohydrate oxidation, shift in muscle fiber from oxidative to glycolytic type, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, loss of muscle mass and strength and bone mass, and increased total body fat mass and visceral fat depot, blood lipid concentrations, and inflammation. Despite marked differences across individual studies, longer term interventions aimed at reducing/interrupting SB have resulted in small, albeit marginally clinically meaningful, benefits on body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function in adults and older adults. There is more limited evidence for other health-related outcomes and physiological systems and for children and adolescents. Future research should focus on the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning adaptations to increasing and reducing/interrupting SB and the necessary changes in SB and physical activity to impact physiological systems and overall health in diverse population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J Pinto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Yang S, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhang Y, Gan X, Wu Q, Zhou C, He P, Zhang Y, Qin X. Variety and Duration of Different Sedentary Behaviors, Inflammation, Genetic Susceptibility, and New-Onset Dementia in the Older Population. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1396-1404. [PMID: 37451311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the relationship of the variety and duration of different sedentary behaviors (TV-watching, driving, and nonoccupational computer use) with the risk of dementia in older participants, and examine whether inflammation and genetic susceptibility may modify the relationship. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 173,829 older participants (≥60 years) without prior dementia in the UK Biobank were enrolled. METHODS A healthy sedentary behavior score was calculated as the number of the 3 major sedentary behaviors with a duration associated with the lowest risk of dementia. The primary outcome was new-onset all-cause dementia. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 4965 (2.9%) participants developed new-onset dementia. There were U-shaped associations for TV-watching and driving time, and a reversed J-shaped association for nonoccupational computer use time with new-onset all-cause dementia, with the lowest dementia risk at >0-<2 hours/day for all the 3 sedentary behaviors. Moreover, a higher healthy sedentary behavior score was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia (per 1 score increment: hazard ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.81), with a stronger inverse association in those with higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and monocytes (both P-interactions <.05). Genetic risks of dementia did not significantly modify the association. Similar trends were found for new-onset Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The associations between the duration of different sedentary behaviors and new-onset dementia were different in the older population. Moreover, the variety of sedentary behavior was inversely associated with new-onset dementia, especially among those with higher levels of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gan
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimeng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Collins AM, Molina-Hidalgo C, Aghjayan SL, Fanning J, Erlenbach ED, Gothe NP, Velazquez-Diaz D, Erickson KI. Differentiating the influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on brain health in late adulthood. Exp Gerontol 2023; 180:112246. [PMID: 37356467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Public health messaging calls for individuals to be more physically active and less sedentary, yet these lifestyle behaviors have been historically studied independently. Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are linked through time-use in a 24-hour day and are related to health outcomes, such as neurocognition. While the benefits of PA on brain health in late adulthood have been well-documented, the influence of SB remains to be understood. The purpose of this paper was to critically review the evolving work on SB and brain health in late adulthood and emphasize key areas of consideration to inform potential research. Overall, the existing literature studying the impact of SB on the components and mechanisms of brain health are mixed and inconclusive, provided largely by cross-sectional and observational work employing a variety of measurement techniques of SB and brain health outcomes. Further, many studies did not conceptually or statistically account for the role of PA in the proposed relationships. Therefore, our understanding of the way in which SB may influence neurocognition in late adulthood is limited. Future efforts should include more prospective longitudinal and randomized clinical trials with intentional methodological approaches to better understand the relationships between SB and the brain in late adulthood, and how these potential links are differentiated from PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Collins
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | | | - Sarah L Aghjayan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Emily D Erlenbach
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Neha P Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Velazquez-Diaz
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Exphy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Schock S, Hakim A. The Physiological and Molecular Links Between Physical Activity and Brain Health: A Review. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231191523. [PMID: 37600456 PMCID: PMC10436988 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231191523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently an epidemic of sedentary behavior throughout the world, leading to negative impacts on physical health and contributing to both mortality and burden of disease. The consequences of this also impact the brain, where increased levels of cognitive decline are observed in individuals who are more sedentary. This review explores the physiological and molecular responses to our sedentary propensity, its contribution to several medical conditions and cognitive deficits, and the benefits of moderate levels of physical activity and exercise. Also presented is the recommended level of activity for overall physical health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schock
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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9
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Zhong Q, Zhou R, Huang YN, Chen HW, Liu HM, Huang Z, Yuan Z, Wu K, Cao BF, Liu K, Fan WD, Liang YQ, Wu XB. The independent and joint association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with dementia: a cohort study in the UK Biobank. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:59. [PMID: 37198574 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the association of physical activity and sedentary time with dementia is accumulating, though elusive, and the interaction effects of the two remain unclear. We analysed the joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with risk of incident dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia). METHODS A total of 90,320 individuals from the UK Biobank were included. Accelerometer-measured total volume of physical activity (TPA) and sedentary time were measured at baseline and dichotomised by median (low TPA [< 27 milli-gravity (milli-g)], high TPA [≥ 27 milli-g]; low sedentary time [< 10.7 h/day], high sedentary time [≥ 10.7 h/day]). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the joint associations with incident dementia on both additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 501 cases of all-cause dementia were identified. Higher TPA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia; the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) per 10 milli-g increase were 0.63 (0.55-0.71), 0.74 (0.60-0.90) and 0.69 (0.51-0.93), respectively. Sedentary time was only found to be linked to all-cause dementia, and the HR for high sedentary time was 1.03 (1.01-1.06) compared with that for low sedentary time. No additive and multiplicative relationship of TPA and sedentary time to incident dementia was found (all P values > 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher TPA level was related to a lower risk of incident dementia irrespective of sedentary time, which highlighted the implication of promoting physical activity participation to counteract the potential detrimental effect of sedentary time on dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Ning Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao-Wen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zelin Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Keyi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bi-Fei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei-Dong Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yong-Qi Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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10
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Raja D, Ravichandran S, Chandrasekaran B, Kadavigere R, Babu MGR, Almeshari M, Alyahyawi AR, Alzamil Y, Abanomy A, Sukumar S. Association between Physical Activity Levels and Brain Volumes in Adults Visiting Radio-Imaging Center of Tertiary Care Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17079. [PMID: 36554962 PMCID: PMC9779605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is evidence to support the favorable impact of physical activity (PA) on brain volume. However, the empirical evidence exploring the relationship between physical and sedentary behavior remains mixed. We aimed to explore the relationship between PA and sedentary behavior and brain volume. METHODS The study sample (n = 150, mean age = 39.7 years) included patients interviewed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) who underwent an MRI brain scan. From the images obtained, we measured total intracranial, gray matter, and white matter volume along with the hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Multivariable linear regression analysis was done. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Left hippocampus and overall PA were positively and significantly associated (β = 0.71, p = 0.021) whereas time spent on vigorous physical activity showed a negative association (β = -0.328, p = 0.049) with left hippocampal volume. CONCLUSION We found a positive association between total PA and the left hippocampus, whereas vigorous PA showed a negative association with the left hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raja
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad R. Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
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Dillon K, Morava A, Prapavessis H, Grigsby-Duffy L, Novic A, Gardiner PA. Total Sedentary Time and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:127. [PMID: 36224459 PMCID: PMC9556686 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background An estimated 47 million people have dementia globally, and around 10 million new cases are diagnosed each year. Many lifestyle factors have been linked to cognitive impairment; one emerging modifiable lifestyle factor is sedentary time. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature examining the association between total sedentary time with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults under the moderating conditions of (a) type of sedentary time measurement; (b) the cognitive domain being assessed; (c) looking at sedentary time using categorical variables (i.e., high versus low sedentary time); and (d) the pattern of sedentary time accumulation (e.g., longer versus shorter bouts). We also aimed to examine the prevalence of sedentary time in healthy versus cognitively impaired populations and to explore how experimental studies reducing or breaking up sedentary time affect cognitive function. Lastly, we aimed to conduct a quantitative pooled analysis of all individual studies through meta-analysis procedures to derive conclusions about these relationships. Methods Eight electronic databases (EMBASE; Web of Science; PsycINFO; CINAHL; SciELO; SPORTDiscus; PubMed; and Scopus) were searched from inception to February 2021. Our search included terms related to the exposure (i.e., sedentary time), the population (i.e., middle-aged and older adults), and the outcome of interest (i.e., cognitive function). PICOS framework used middle-aged and older adults where there was an intervention or exposure of any sedentary time compared to any or no comparison, where cognitive function and/or cognitive impairment was measured, and all types of quantitative, empirical, observational data published in any year were included that were published in English. Risk of bias was assessed using QualSyst. Results Fifty-three studies including 83,137 participants met the inclusion criteria of which 23 studies had appropriate data for inclusion in the main meta-analysis. The overall meta-analysis suggested that total sedentary time has no association with cognitive function (r = −0.012 [95% CI − 0.035, 0.011], p = 0.296) with marked heterogeneity (I2 = 89%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated a significant negative association for studies using a device to capture sedentary time r = −0.035 [95% CI − 0.063, − 0.008], p = 0.012). Specifically, the domains of global cognitive function (r = −0.061 [95% CI − 0.100, − 0.022], p = 0.002) and processing speed (r = −0.067, [95% CI − 0.103, − 0.030], p < 0.001). A significant positive association was found for studies using self-report (r = 0.037 [95% CI − 0.019, 0.054], p < 0.001). Specifically, the domain of processing speed showed a significant positive association (r = 0.057 [95% CI 0.045, 0.069], p < 0.001). For prevalence, populations diagnosed with cognitive impairment spent significantly more time sedentary compared to populations with no known cognitive impairments (standard difference in mean = −0.219 [95% CI − 0.310, − 0.128], p < 0.001). Conclusions The association of total sedentary time with cognitive function is weak and varies based on measurement of sedentary time and domain being assessed. Future research is needed to better categorize domains of sedentary behaviour with both a validated self-report and device-based measure in order to improve the strength of this relationship. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018082384. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00507-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Dillon
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Kinesiology, London, ON Canada
| | - Anisa Morava
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Kinesiology, London, ON Canada
| | - Harry Prapavessis
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Kinesiology, London, ON Canada
| | - Lily Grigsby-Duffy
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Adam Novic
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gardiner
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Kinesiology, London, ON Canada ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1048.d0000 0004 0473 0844Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, The University of Southern Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Werneck AO, Kandola A, Tebar WR, Silva DR, Stubbs B, Christofaro DG. Does physical activity moderate the association between device-measured sedentary time patterns and depressive symptoms in adults? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2022; 44:584-589. [PMID: 36580609 PMCID: PMC9851761 DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2022-2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between sedentary time (ST) patterns and depressive symptoms, and whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can moderate this association. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 243 adults (mean age 41.8±16.7 years, 56.4% women) from a city in Southeast Brazil. Depressive symptoms were estimated through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). ST patterns (i.e., number of breaks, mean length of sedentary bouts, and number of long sedentary bouts), total ST, and MVPA were assessed using accelerometers. RESULTS Poisson regression models revealed associations of total ST (ß = 0.063; 95%CI 0.011 to 0.116) and number of long bouts (0.108; 0.047 to 0.171) with depressive symptoms among men. MVPA moderated the associations of breaks and longer bouts of ST with depressive symptoms, with an increase of one break/hour, the increase of one long bout, and a decrease of 1 minute in mean bout length being associated with a reduction of 0.211 and increases of 0.081 and 0.166, respectively, in the number of depressive symptoms among men with physical inactivity (breaks = -0.211; -0.360 to -0.063; mean bout length = 0.081; 0.003 to 0.158; number of long bouts = 0.166; 0.090 to 0.242). CONCLUSION Interventions that encourage breaking up ST should be helpful to reduce depressive symptoms among people with physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O. Werneck
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Nutrição e Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - William R. Tebar
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo R. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Physiotherapy, South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Diego G.D. Christofaro
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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13
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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14
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Jiang J, Xia Z, Sun X, Wang X, Luo S. Social Infrastructure and Street Networks as Critical Infrastructure for Aging Friendly Community Design: Mediating the Effect of Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11842. [PMID: 36231144 PMCID: PMC9565500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Establishing an age-friendly environment at the community level is essential for promoting healthy aging. This study focused on the relationship between older adults and the community environment through their levels of satisfaction within it. We measured their physical activity (PA) in the community environment and three variables of community-level satisfaction: community environment (SCE), community social infrastructure (SSI), and community street networks (SSN). We analyzed 108 older adult participants in Suzhou using mediation analysis and multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between physical activity and the community environment. The results of the mediation effect model showed that SCE, SSI, and SSN all affected the physical functions of older adults via the total amount of physical activity (TPA); SSI and SSN affected older adults' physical functions by affecting the total duration of moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA). In addition, SSI and SSN are related to the types of community facilities, street space quality, and accessibility. Our study provides valuable insights into optimizing aging-friendly neighborhoods through moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PAs at both the facility and street space levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Jiang
- School of Architecture, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhengwei Xia
- School of Architecture, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaodi Sun
- School of Architecture, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuanxuan Wang
- School of Architecture, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren-ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shixian Luo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University-Matsudo Campus, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
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15
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Maasakkers CM, Weijs RWJ, Dekkers C, Gardiner PA, Ottens R, Olde Rikkert MGM, Melis RJF, Thijssen DHJ, Claassen JAHR. Sedentary behaviour and brain health in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104802. [PMID: 35908592 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour may increase the risk of dementia. Studying physiological effects of sedentary behaviour on cerebral health may provide new insights into the nature of this association. Accordingly, we reviewed if and how acute and habitual sedentary behaviour relate to brain health factors in middle-aged and older adults (≥45 years). Four databases were searched. Twenty-nine studies were included, with mainly cross-sectional designs. Nine studies examined neurotrophic factors and six studied functional brain measures, with the majority of these studies finding no associations with sedentary behaviour. The results from studies on sedentary behaviour and cerebrovascular measures were inconclusive. There was a tentative association between habitual sedentary behaviour and structural white matter health. An explanatory pathway for this effect might relate to the immediate vascular effects of sitting, such as elevation of blood pressure. Nevertheless, due to the foremost cross-sectional nature of the available evidence, reverse causality could also be a possible explanation. More prospective studies are needed to understand the potential of sedentary behaviour as a target for brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn M Maasakkers
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ralf W J Weijs
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Dekkers
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 34 Cornwall Street, 4102 Brisbane, Australia; School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, N6A 3K7 London, Canada
| | - Romy Ottens
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - René J F Melis
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L3 3AF Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics/Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Liu H, Song Y, Zhao D, Zhan M. Effect of exercise on cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialyses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Ren Care 2022; 48:243-252. [PMID: 35338760 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of exercise on cognition in patients undergoing haemodialysis has been examined. However, evidence elucidating the effects in this patient group is scarce. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of exercise on cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialysis and provide insight into the effects of various characteristics of exercise on cognitive impairment in this population. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis, following the guidance of PRISMA was undertaken. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients undergoing haemodialysis. RESULTS This review found that exercise significantly improved cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialysis (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.60, p = 0.002). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that both intradialytic exercise (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.26, p < 0.001) and interdialytic exercise (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.47, p = 0.038), exercise for 16 weeks or over (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.58, p = 0.012), and lasting for more than 30 minutes (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.86, p = 0.004) significantly alleviated cognitive impairment. The effect of exercise on cognitive impairment in patients less than 65 years of age (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.68, p = 0.009) was significantly better than those over 65. CONCLUSION Exercise significantly improves cognitive impairment in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Both Intradialytic and interdialytic exercise of at least 30 minutes duration, 3 times weekly, and at least for 16 weeks may play a significant role in alleviating cognitive impairment in patients under 65 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Song
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Danyan Zhao
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Minqi Zhan
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Fan JL, Brassard P, Rickards CA, Nogueira RC, Nasr N, McBryde FD, Fisher JP, Tzeng YC. Integrative cerebral blood flow regulation in ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:387-403. [PMID: 34259070 PMCID: PMC8985438 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211032029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing cerebral perfusion is key to rescuing salvageable ischemic brain tissue. Despite being an important determinant of cerebral perfusion, there are no effective guidelines for blood pressure (BP) management in acute stroke. The control of cerebral blood flow (CBF) involves a myriad of complex pathways which are largely unaccounted for in stroke management. Due to its unique anatomy and physiology, the cerebrovascular circulation is often treated as a stand-alone system rather than an integral component of the cardiovascular system. In order to optimize the strategies for BP management in acute ischemic stroke, a critical reappraisal of the mechanisms involved in CBF control is needed. In this review, we highlight the important role of collateral circulation and re-examine the pathophysiology of CBF control, namely the determinants of cerebral perfusion pressure gradient and resistance, in the context of stroke. Finally, we summarize the state of our knowledge regarding cardiovascular and cerebrovascular interaction and explore some potential avenues for future research in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Lin Fan
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrice Brassard
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, Canada
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo C Nogueira
- Neurology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neurology Department, Hospital Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Nasr
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, NSERM UMR 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Fiona D McBryde
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James P Fisher
- Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Chieh Tzeng
- Wellington Medical Technology Group, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery & Anaesthesia, Centre for Translational Physiology, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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18
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Heiland EG, Kjellenberg K, Tarassova O, Fernström M, Nyberg G, Ekblom MM, Helgadottir B, Ekblom Ö. ABBaH teens: Activity Breaks for Brain Health in adolescents: study protocol for a randomized crossover trial. Trials 2022; 23:22. [PMID: 34991692 PMCID: PMC8733916 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity breaks are widely being implemented in school settings as a solution to increase academic performance and reduce sitting time. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms suggested to improve cognitive function from physical activity and the frequency, intensity, and duration of the breaks remain unknown. This study will investigate the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on task-related prefrontal cerebral blood flow, cognitive performance, and psychological factors. Additionally, the moderating and mediating effects of arterial stiffness on changes in cerebral blood flow will be tested. METHODS This is a protocol for a randomized crossover study that will recruit 16 adolescents (13-14 years old). Participants will undergo three different conditions in a randomized order, on three separate days, involving sitting 80 min with a different type of break every 17 min for 3 min. The breaks will consist of (1) seated social breaks, (2) simple resistance activities, and (3) step-up activities. Before and after the 80-min conditions, prefrontal cerebral blood flow changes will be measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (primary outcome), while performing working memory tasks (1-, 2-, and 3-back tests). Arterial stiffness (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) and psychological factors will also be assessed pre and post the 80-min interventions. DISCUSSION Publication of this protocol will help to increase rigor in science. The results will inform regarding the underlying mechanisms driving the association between physical activity breaks and cognitive performance. This information can be used for designing effective and feasible interventions to be implemented in schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04552626 . Retrospectively registered on September 21, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald G. Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14B, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Kjellenberg
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nyberg
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Björg Helgadottir
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 17177 Solna, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Lidingövägen 1, 11433 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Olanrewaju O, Carmichael C, Wallis J, Smith L. Reducing sedentary behaviour and cognitive function in older people with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results of a randomized feasibility study. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Claassen JAHR, Thijssen DHJ, Panerai RB, Faraci FM. Regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans: physiology and clinical implications of autoregulation. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1487-1559. [PMID: 33769101 PMCID: PMC8576366 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands, appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching requires continuous regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which can be categorized into four broad topics: 1) autoregulation, which describes the response of the cerebrovasculature to changes in perfusion pressure; 2) vascular reactivity to vasoactive stimuli [including carbon dioxide (CO2)]; 3) neurovascular coupling (NVC), i.e., the CBF response to local changes in neural activity (often standardized cognitive stimuli in humans); and 4) endothelium-dependent responses. This review focuses primarily on autoregulation and its clinical implications. To place autoregulation in a more precise context, and to better understand integrated approaches in the cerebral circulation, we also briefly address reactivity to CO2 and NVC. In addition to our focus on effects of perfusion pressure (or blood pressure), we describe the impact of select stimuli on regulation of CBF (i.e., arterial blood gases, cerebral metabolism, neural mechanisms, and specific vascular cells), the interrelationships between these stimuli, and implications for regulation of CBF at the level of large arteries and the microcirculation. We review clinical implications of autoregulation in aging, hypertension, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, anesthesia, and dementias. Finally, we discuss autoregulation in the context of common daily physiological challenges, including changes in posture (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, syncope) and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ronney B Panerai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- >National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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21
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Heiland EG, Tarassova O, Fernström M, English C, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom MM. Frequent, Short Physical Activity Breaks Reduce Prefrontal Cortex Activation but Preserve Working Memory in Middle-Aged Adults: ABBaH Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:719509. [PMID: 34602995 PMCID: PMC8481573 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.719509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged sitting is increasingly common and may possibly be unfavorable for cognitive function and mood. In this randomized crossover study, the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on cognitive task-related activation of the prefrontal cortex were investigated. The effects on working memory, psychological factors, and blood glucose were also examined, and whether arterial stiffness moderated prefrontal cortex activation. Thirteen subjects (mean age 50.5 years; eight men) underwent three 3-h sitting conditions, interrupted every 30-min by a different 3-min break on separate, randomized-ordered days: seated social interactions (SOCIAL), walking (WALK), or simple resistance activities (SRA). Arterial stiffness was assessed at baseline. Before and after each 3-h condition, psychological factors (stress, mood, sleepiness, and alertness) were assessed through questionnaires and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure changes in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb), indicative of cortical activation, while performing working memory tasks [1- (baseline), 2-, and 3-back]. Blood glucose levels were continuously measured throughout the conditions. Results revealed no significant changes in Oxy-Hb during the 2-back compared with the 1-back test in any condition, and no time-by-condition interactions. During the 3-back test, there was a significant decrease in Oxy-Hb compared with the 1-back after the WALK condition in the right prefrontal cortex, but there were no time-by-condition interactions, although 3-back reaction time improved only in the WALK condition. Mood and alertness improved after the WALK condition, which was significantly different from the SOCIAL condition. Arterial stiffness moderated the effects, such that changes in Oxy-Hb were significantly different between WALK and SOCIAL conditions only among those with low arterial stiffness. Blood glucose during the interventions did not differ between conditions. Thus, breaking up prolonged sitting with frequent, short physical activity breaks may reduce right prefrontal cortex activation, with improvements in some aspects of working memory, mood, and alertness. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04137211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald G. Heiland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Tarassova
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, and Biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Fernström
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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22
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Sit less and move more for cardiovascular health: emerging insights and opportunities. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:637-648. [PMID: 34017139 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour - put simply, too much sitting, as a distinct concept from too little exercise - is a novel determinant of cardiovascular risk. This definition provides a perspective that is complementary to the well-understood detrimental effects of physical inactivity. Sitting occupies the majority of the daily waking hours in most adults and has become even more pervasive owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for a broad cardiovascular health benefit exists through an integrated approach that involves 'sitting less and moving more'. In this Review, we first consider observational and experimental evidence on the adverse effects of prolonged, uninterrupted sitting and the evidence identifying the possible mechanisms underlying the associated risk. We summarize the results of randomized controlled trials demonstrating the feasibility of changing sedentary behaviour. We also highlight evidence on the deleterious synergies between sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity as the underpinnings of our case for addressing them jointly in mitigating cardiovascular risk. This integrated approach should not only reduce the specific risks of too much sitting but also have a positive effect on the total amount of physical activity, with the potential to more broadly benefit the health of individuals living with or at risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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23
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Sedentary Lifestyle Matters as Past Sedentariness, Not Current Sedentariness, Predicts Cognitive Inhibition Performance among College Students: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147649. [PMID: 34300101 PMCID: PMC8303919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Currently, sedentariness is assessed over a short period of time, thus it is difficult to study its cognitive implications. To investigate the cognitive consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, the past level (i.e., the sedentary time accumulated over the years) and current level of sedentariness should be considered. This pilot study aimed to investigate the negative association between a sedentary lifestyle and cognition by considering both the current and past sedentariness. It was expected that the physical activity level moderates the potential negative association between sedentariness and cognition. Methods: 52 college students (Mage = 20.19, SDage = 2; 36 women) participated in the study. Current sedentariness (ratio of sedentary time in the last year), past sedentariness (ratio of sedentary time accumulated in previous years), and physical activity (ratio of time spent in physical activity in years) were assessed using a questionnaire. Cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory updating were measured through three specific tests. Results: Past sedentariness significantly explained the inhibition performance when controlled for physical activity, whereas current sedentariness did not. More precisely, past sedentariness only negatively predicted cognitive inhibition when the physical activity level was low (β = -3.15, z(48) = -2.62, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The impact of sedentariness on cognitive functioning might only be revealed when past sedentariness and physical activity are controlled.
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24
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O'Brien MW, Al-Hinnawi A, Johns JA, Kimmerly DS. Spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity is unaffected by an acute bout of prolonged sitting: no impact of sex, menstrual phase, or oral contraceptive pill phase. Clin Auton Res 2021; 31:783-786. [PMID: 34275025 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-021-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myles W O'Brien
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Amera Al-Hinnawi
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jarrett A Johns
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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25
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Objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior and global cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111524. [PMID: 34181963 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are important factors for healthy ageing. This systematic review aimed to determine the association of objectively assessed (instrumented) PA and SB with global cognitive function in older adults. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library (via Wiley), CINAHL, PsychINFO, and SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO) were searched from inception to June 21, 2020 for articles that described associations of objectively assessed PA/SB with global cognitive function in older adults aged 60 years and older. Results were synthesized using an effect direction heat map and albatross plots portrayed estimated effect sizes (standardized regression coefficients (βs)), which were summarized in boxplots. RESULTS In total, 45 articles were included representing a total of 15,817 older adults (mean/median age ranged from 65 to 88 years; 49.5% female). Longitudinal studies (n = 7) showed that higher moderate-to-vigorous and light PA (MVPA and LPA, respectively) and lower SB were associated with better global cognitive function. Standardized βs of cross-sectional studies (n = 38) showed that lower SB (median [IQR], β = 0.078 [0.004-0.184] and higher LPA (β = 0.096 [0.046-0.188]), activity counts (β = 0.131 [0.049-0.224]), number of steps (β = 0.155 [0.096-0.246]), MVPA (β = 0.163 [0.069-0.285]) and total PA (TPA) (β = 0.174 [0.147-0.255]) were associated with better global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Higher PA and lower SB are associated with better global cognitive function in older adults. The greatest estimated effect sizes were found for moderate-to-vigorous and TPA, suggesting that greater duration of any PA, and high intensity PA could be most beneficial for global cognitive function.
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26
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Hakim AM. A Proposed Hypothesis on Dementia: Inflammation, Small Vessel Disease, and Hypoperfusion Is the Sequence That Links All Harmful Lifestyles to Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:679837. [PMID: 33994998 PMCID: PMC8116506 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.679837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing consensus that certain lifestyles can contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia, but the physiological steps that link a harmful lifestyle to its negative impact are not always evident. It is also unclear whether all lifestyles that contribute to dementia do so through the same intermediary steps. This article will focus on three lifestyles known to be risk factors for dementia, namely obesity, sedentary behavior, and insufficient sleep, and offer a unifying hypothesis proposing that lifestyles that negatively impact cognition do so through the same sequence of events: inflammation, small vessel disease, decline in cerebral perfusion, and brain atrophy. The hypothesis will then be tested in a recently identified risk factor for dementia, namely hearing deficit. If further studies confirm this sequence of events leading to dementia, a significant change in our approach to this debilitating and costly condition may be necessary, possible, and beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M. Hakim
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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27
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Does breaking up prolonged sitting improve cognitive functions in sedentary adults? A mapping review and hypothesis formulation on the potential physiological mechanisms. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:274. [PMID: 33711976 PMCID: PMC7955618 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged (excessive) sitting is detrimentally associated with cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health. Moreover, prolonged sitting has been associated with poor executive function, memory, attention and visuospatial skills, which are important cognitive aspects of work performance. Breaking up prolonged sitting with standing or light-intensity exercises at the workplace is recognized as a potential measure in improving cognition. However, preliminary evidence, primarily from acute laboratory experiments, has enabled formulating hypothesis on the possible mechanistic pathways. Hence, the aim of this mapping review is to gather preliminary evidence and substantiate possible physiological mechanisms underpinning the putative effects of breaking prolonged sitting on improving cognitive function among sedentary office workers. Mapping method We searched four databases to identify relevant studies that explored the effects of uninterrupted sitting on cognitive function. First, we introduce how prolonged sitting increases the risks of hyperglycemia, autonomic stability, inflammation, adverse hormonal changes and restrictions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and alters cognitive function. Second, we elucidate the direct and indirect effects of breaking up prolonged sitting time that may prevent a decline in cognitive performance by influencing glycaemic variability, autonomic stability, hormones (brain derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine, serotonin), vascular functions, and CBF. We highlight the importance of breaking up prolonged sitting on metabolic, vascular and endocrine functions, which in turn may improve cognitive functions and eventually foster work productivity. Improved synaptic transmission or neuroplasticity due to increased brain glucose and mitochondrial metabolism, increased endothelial shear and CBF, increased brain neurotrophic factors (dopamine) and accelerated anti-inflammatory functions are some of the hypothetical mechanisms underpinning improved cognitive functions. Conclusion We postulate that improving cognitive function by breaking up prolonged sitting periods is biologically plausible with the myriad of (suggested) physiological mechanisms. Future experimental studies to ascertain the aforementioned hypothetical mechanisms and clinical trials to break sedentary behavior and improve cognitive functions in sedentary office workers are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04136-5.
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28
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Rantanen T, Eronen J, Kauppinen M, Kokko K, Sanaslahti S, Kajan N, Portegijs E. Life-Space Mobility and Active Aging as Factors Underlying Quality of Life Among Older People Before and During COVID-19 Lockdown in Finland-A Longitudinal Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:e60-e67. [PMID: 33125043 PMCID: PMC7665359 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social distancing, i.e. avoiding places with other people and staying at home, was recommended to prevent viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. Potentially, reduced out-of-home mobility and lower activity levels among older people may lower their quality of life (QOL). We studied cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of and changes in life-space mobility, active ageing and QOL during COVID-19 social distancing compared to two years before. Methods Altogether 809 community-living participants initially aged 75, 80 or 85 years of our active aging study (AGNES) conducted in 2017-2018 took part in the current AGNES-COVID-19 survey in May and June 2020. Outdoor mobility was assessed with the Life-Space Assessment (range 0-120). Active approach to life was assessed with the University of Jyväskylä Active Aging Scale (range 0–272), and QOL with the shortened Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (range13-65; higher scores better for all). Data were analyzed with General Estimating Equations, General Linear Models, and Oneway-ANOVA. Results Life-space mobility (B -10.8, SE 0.75, p<0.001), the active ageing score (B -24.1, SE 0.88, p<0.001) and the QOL score (B -1.65, SE 0.21, p<0.001) were lower during COVID-19 social distancing vs. two years before. Concurrent life-space mobility and active ageing scores, age and sex explained 48% of QOL at the baseline and 42% during social distancing. Longitudinally, steeper declines in all three variables coincided. Conclusions The observed declines indicate compliance with social distancing recommendation, but underline the importance of participation in meaningful life situations as a factor underlying good QOL also during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Johanna Eronen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Markku Kauppinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Sini Sanaslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Niina Kajan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Erja Portegijs
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
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29
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Hwang CL, Chen SH, Chou CH, Grigoriadis G, Liao TC, Fancher IS, Arena R, Phillips SA. The physiological benefits of sitting less and moving more: Opportunities for future research. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 73:61-66. [PMID: 33453285 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) are important risk factors of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. In addition to increasing the amount of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), the current PA guidelines recommend that adults should reduce SB, or any waking activity performed while sitting, reclining, or lying, with low energy expenditure. While mounting evidence has emphasized the benefits of increasing MVPA, little has focused on the effect of SB on health. Therefore, this review discusses the pathophysiological effects of SB and the potential physiological benefits of reducing/breaking up SB at the levels below the current guidelines for PA. Such knowledge is important, given that the majority of the United States population performs insufficient or no MVPA and is at high risk of being negatively impacted by SB. Interventions targeting sedentary time, such as breaking up SB by standing and moving, may be safe, feasible, and applicable to execute daily for a wide range of the population. This review also discusses the importance of monitoring SB in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the clinical implications of sitting less and moving more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Szu-Hua Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chih-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georgios Grigoriadis
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Liao
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
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30
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Caldwell HG, Coombs GB, Rafiei H, Ainslie PN, Little JP. Hourly staircase sprinting exercise "snacks" improve femoral artery shear patterns but not flow-mediated dilation or cerebrovascular regulation: a pilot study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:521-529. [PMID: 33242251 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthy males (n = 10; age: 24 ± 4 years; body mass index: 24 ± 2 kg·m-2) completed 2 randomized conditions separated by ≥48 h involving 6-8.5 h of sitting with ("stair snacks") and without (sedentary) hourly staircase sprint interval exercise (∼14-20 s each). Resting blood flow and shear rates were measured in the femoral artery, internal carotid artery, and vertebral artery (Duplex ultrasound). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was quantified as an index of peripheral endothelial function in the femoral artery. Neurovascular coupling (NVC; regional blood flow response to local increases in cerebral metabolism) was assessed in the posterior cerebral artery (transcranial Doppler ultrasound). Femoral artery hemodynamics were higher following the active trial with no change in the sedentary trial, including blood flow (+32 ± 23% vs. -10 ± 28%; P = 0.015 and P = 0.253, respectively), vascular conductance (+32 ± 27% vs. -15 ± 26%; P = 0.012 and P = 0.098, respectively), and mean shear rate (+17 ± 8% vs. -8 ± 28%; P = 0.004 and P = 0.310, respectively). The change in FMD was not different within or between conditions (P = 0.184). Global cerebral blood flow (CBF), conductance, shear patterns, and NVC were not different within or between conditions (all P > 0.05). Overall, exercise "stair snacks" improve femoral artery blood flow and shear patterns but not peripheral (e.g., FMD) or cerebral (e.g., CBF and NVC) vascular function following prolonged sitting. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03374436). Novelty: Breaking up 8.5 h of sitting with hourly staircase sprinting exercise "snacks" improves resting femoral artery shear patterns but not FMD. Cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling were unaltered following 6 h of sitting with and without hourly exercise breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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31
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Wanders L, Cuijpers I, Kessels RPC, van de Rest O, Hopman MTE, Thijssen DHJ. Impact of prolonged sitting and physical activity breaks on cognitive performance, perceivable benefits, and cardiometabolic health in overweight/obese adults: The role of meal composition. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2259-2269. [PMID: 33873267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Physical activity (PA) breaks may effectively attenuate the detrimental impact of prolonged sitting on acute cognitive performance, perceivable benefits (e.g. mood), vascular function, and metabolic health. To date, the impact of meal composition on the effects of sedentary behavior and/or PA breaks on health has been scarcely studied. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether meal composition alters how sedentary behavior and PA breaks affect these acute health outcomes. METHODS A total of 24 overweight and obese, sedentary adults completed four conditions in randomized order in a cross-over design: [a] high-protein, low-fat breakfast (HPLF) + 4hrs uninterrupted sitting (SIT), [b] HPLF + 4hrs interrupted sitting (ACT; 5-min cycling every 30 min), [c] Western breakfast (WEST; higher in fats/simple sugars, lower in protein/fiber) + SIT, [d] WEST + ACT. WEST and HPLF were isocaloric. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in cognitive performance (Test of Attentional Performance), perceivable benefits (Likert-scales, Profile of Mood States questionnaire), vascular health (carotid artery reactivity, blood pressure), and metabolic health (post-breakfast glucose, insulin, lipids). RESULTS Independent of meal composition, we did not observe any effect of PA breaks on cognitive performance, vascular health and post-breakfast lipid responses. PA breaks delayed post-breakfast mood and vigor decrements, as well as increases in fatigue and sleepiness (all p < 0.05), but effects were independent of meal composition (p > 0.05). WEST resulted in higher post-breakfast glucose levels compared to HPLF (p < 0.05), while PA breaks did not impact this response (p > 0.05). PA breaks reduced post-breakfast insulin (p < 0.05), which did not differ between meals (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The acute impact of PA breaks and/or prolonged sitting on cognitive performance, perceivable benefits, and vascular and metabolic health was not altered by the composition of a single meal in overweight/obese, sedentary adults. Possibly, breaking up prolonged sitting, rather than meal composition, is a more potent strategy to impact acute health outcomes, such as perceivable benefits and insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wanders
- TiFN, P.O. Box 557, 6700 AN, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Medical Psychology (925), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health (Bode 62), P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Radboudumc, Department of Physiology (392), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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