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Nair DG, Weiskirchen R. Recent Advances in Liver Tissue Engineering as an Alternative and Complementary Approach for Liver Transplantation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:262-278. [PMID: 38248320 PMCID: PMC10814863 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting millions of people. Liver transplantation is the primary intervention method, replacing a non-functional liver with a functional one. However, the field of liver transplantation faces challenges such as donor shortage, postoperative complications, immune rejection, and ethical problems. Consequently, there is an urgent need for alternative therapies that can complement traditional transplantation or serve as an alternative method. In this review, we explore the potential of liver tissue engineering as a supplementary approach to liver transplantation, offering benefits to patients with severe liver dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep G. Nair
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Gupta S, Sharma A, Petrovski G, Verma RS. Vascular reconstruction of the decellularized biomatrix for whole-organ engineering-a critical perspective and future strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1221159. [PMID: 38026872 PMCID: PMC10680456 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1221159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-organ re-engineering is the most challenging goal yet to be achieved in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. One essential factor in any transplantable and functional tissue engineering is fabricating a perfusable vascular network with macro- and micro-sized blood vessels. Whole-organ development has become more practical with the use of the decellularized organ biomatrix (DOB) as it provides a native biochemical and structural framework for a particular organ. However, reconstructing vasculature and re-endothelialization in the DOB is a highly challenging task and has not been achieved for constructing a clinically transplantable vascularized organ with an efficient perfusable capability. Here, we critically and articulately emphasized factors that have been studied for the vascular reconstruction in the DOB. Furthermore, we highlighted the factors used for vasculature development studies in general and their application in whole-organ vascular reconstruction. We also analyzed in detail the strategies explored so far for vascular reconstruction and angiogenesis in the DOB for functional and perfusable vasculature development. Finally, we discussed some of the crucial factors that have been largely ignored in the vascular reconstruction of the DOB and the future directions that should be addressed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, Split, Croatia
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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3
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Cardinale V, Lanthier N, Baptista PM, Carpino G, Carnevale G, Orlando G, Angelico R, Manzia TM, Schuppan D, Pinzani M, Alvaro D, Ciccocioppo R, Uygun BE. Cell transplantation-based regenerative medicine in liver diseases. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1555-1572. [PMID: 37557073 PMCID: PMC10444572 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the current preclinical state of liver bioengineering, the clinical context for liver cell therapies, the cell sources, the delivery routes, and the results of clinical trials for end-stage liver disease. Different clinical settings, such as inborn errors of metabolism, acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and acute-on-chronic liver failure, as well as multiple cellular sources were analyzed; namely, hepatocytes, hepatic progenitor cells, biliary tree stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and macrophages. The highly heterogeneous clinical scenario of liver disease and the availability of multiple cellular sources endowed with different biological properties make this a multidisciplinary translational research challenge. Data on each individual liver disease and more accurate endpoints are urgently needed, together with a characterization of the regenerative pathways leading to potential therapeutic benefit. Here, we critically review these topics and identify related research needs and perspectives in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Roberta Angelico
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Maria Manzia
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.O.U.I. Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Basak E Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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4
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de Paula AP, de Lima JD, Bastos TSB, Czaikovski AP, dos Santos Luz RB, Yuasa BS, Smanioto CCS, Robert AW, Braga TT. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix: The Role of This Complex Biomaterial in Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22256-22267. [PMID: 37396215 PMCID: PMC10308580 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is understood as a technique where an organ from a donor patient is transferred to a recipient patient. This practice gained strength in the 20th century and ensured advances in areas of knowledge such as immunology and tissue engineering. The main problems that comprise the practice of transplants involve the demand for viable organs and immunological aspects related to organ rejection. In this review, we address advances in tissue engineering for reversing the current challenges of transplants, focusing on the possible use of decellularized tissues in tissue engineering. We address the interaction of acellular tissues with immune cells, especially macrophages and stem cells, due to their potential use in regenerative medicine. Our goal is to exhibit data that demonstrate the use of decellularized tissues as alternative biomaterials that can be applied clinically as partial or complete organ substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordana Dinorá de Lima
- Department
of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana 80060-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruna Sadae Yuasa
- Department
of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana 80060-000, Brazil
| | | | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem
Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas
Institute − FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Parana 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Department
of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana 80060-000, Brazil
- Graduate
Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Parana 81310-020, Brazil
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5
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Bogomiakova ME, Sekretova EK, Anufrieva KS, Khabarova PO, Kazakova AN, Bobrovsky PA, Grigoryeva TV, Eremeev AV, Lebedeva OS, Bogomazova AN, Lagarkova MA. iPSC-derived cells lack immune tolerance to autologous NK-cells due to imbalance in ligands for activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 37038186 PMCID: PMC10088155 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dozens of transplants generated from pluripotent stem cells are currently in clinical trials. The creation of patient-specific iPSCs makes personalized therapy possible due to their main advantage of immunotolerance. However, some reports have claimed recently that aberrant gene expression followed by proteome alterations and neoantigen formation can result in iPSCs recognition by autologous T-cells. Meanwhile, the possibility of NK-cell activation has not been previously considered. This study focused on the comparison of autologous and allogeneic immune response to iPSC-derived cells and isogeneic parental somatic cells used for reprogramming. METHODS We established an isogeneic cell model consisting of parental dermal fibroblasts, fibroblast-like iPSC-derivatives (iPS-fibro) and iPS-fibro lacking beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). Using the cells obtained from two patients, we analyzed the activation of autologous and allogeneic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells co-cultured with target cells. RESULTS Here we report that cells differentiated from iPSCs can be recognized by NK-cells rather than by autologous T-cells. We observed that iPS-fibro elicited a high level of NK-cell degranulation and cytotoxicity, while isogeneic parental skin fibroblasts used to obtain iPSCs barely triggered an NK-cell response. iPSC-derivatives with B2M knockout did not cause an additional increase in NK-cell activation, although they were devoid of HLA-I, the major inhibitory molecules for NK-cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant imbalance of ligands for activating and inhibitory NK-cell receptors in iPS-fibro. Compared to parental fibroblasts, iPSC-derivatives had a reduced expression of HLA-I simultaneously with an increased gene expression of major activating ligands, such as MICA, NECTIN2, and PVR. The lack of inhibitory signals might be due to insufficient maturity of cells differentiated from iPSCs. In addition, we showed that pretreatment of iPS-fibro with proinflammatory cytokine IFNγ restored the ligand imbalance, thereby reducing the degranulation and cytotoxicity of NK-cells. CONCLUSION In summary, we showed that iPSC-derived cells can be sensitive to the cytotoxic potential of autologous NK-cells regardless of HLA-I status. Thus, the balance of ligands for NK-cell receptors should be considered prior to iPSC-based cell therapies. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Bogomiakova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
| | - Elizaveta K Sekretova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ksenia S Anufrieva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Polina O Khabarova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Anastasia N Kazakova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Pavel A Bobrovsky
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | | | - Artem V Eremeev
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Olga S Lebedeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Alexandra N Bogomazova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, Russia, 119435
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
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6
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Tissue engineering of decellularized pancreas scaffolds for regenerative medicine in diabetes. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:49-66. [PMID: 36427686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global disease requiring long-term treatment and monitoring. At present, pancreas or islet transplantation is the only reliable treatment for achieving stable euglycemia in Type I diabetes patients. However, the shortage of viable pancreata for transplantation limits the use of this therapy for the majority of patients. Organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome the shortage of viable organs for transplantation by providing a potential alternative source of donor organs. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have been performed, and show promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an overview of the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with an outlook on the remaining work that needs to be done in order to realize the goal of using this technology to create bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreas or islet transplantation is a means of providing insulin-independence in diabetes patients. However, due to the shortage of viable pancreata, whole-organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome organ shortage for transplantation. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have shown promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we highlight the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with future work that needs to be done in order to realize clinical translation of bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients.
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7
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Advances in Recellularization of Decellularized Liver Grafts with Different Liver (Stem) Cells: Towards Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020301. [PMID: 36672236 PMCID: PMC9856398 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the only curative therapy for patients with acute or chronic liver failure. However, a dramatic gap between the number of available liver grafts and the number of patients on the transplantation waiting list emphasizes the need for valid liver substitutes. Whole-organ engineering is an emerging field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It aims to generate transplantable and functional organs to support patients on transplantation waiting lists until a graft becomes available. It comprises two base technologies developed in the last decade; (1) organ decellularization to generate a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix scaffold of an organ, and (2) scaffold recellularization to repopulate both the parenchymal and vascular compartments of a decellularized organ. In this review article, recent advancements in both technologies, in relation to liver whole-organ engineering, are presented. We address the potential sources of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells for repopulation studies, and the role of stem-cell-derived liver progeny is discussed. In addition, different cell seeding strategies, possible graft modifications, and methods used to evaluate the functionality of recellularized liver grafts are outlined. Based on the knowledge gathered from recent transplantation studies, future directions are summarized.
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8
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Zhang X, Chen X, Hong H, Hu R, Liu J, Liu C. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: Recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:15-31. [PMID: 34901526 PMCID: PMC8637010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of scaffolding materials is believed to hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration. Despite the widespread application and rapid advance of several tissue-engineered scaffolds such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, they have limited repair capacity due to the difficulties in overcoming the immunogenicity, simulating in-vivo microenvironment, and performing mechanical or biochemical properties similar to native organs/tissues. Fortunately, the emergence of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds provides an attractive way to overcome these hurdles, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment with native three-dimensional structures and various bioactive components. The consequent cell-seeded construct based on dECM scaffolds, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. Herein, we review recent developments in dECM scaffolds and put forward perspectives accordingly, with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellularized scaffolds, as well as the application of decellularized scaffolds and their combinations with stem cells (recellularized scaffolds) in tissue engineering, including skin, bone, nerve, heart, along with lung, liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Hong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rubei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiashang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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9
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Demchenko A, Lavrov A, Smirnikhina S. Lung organoids: current strategies for generation and transplantation. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:317-333. [PMID: 36178558 PMCID: PMC9522545 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases occupy a leading position in human morbidity and are the third leading cause of death. Often the chronic forms of these diseases do not respond to therapy, so that lung transplantation is the only treatment option. The development of cellular and biotechnologies offers a new solution-the use of lung organoids for transplantation in such patients. Here, we review types of lung organoids, methods of their production and characterization, and experimental works on transplantation in vivo. These results show the promise of work in this direction. Despite the current problems associated with a low degree of cell engraftment, immune response, and insufficient differentiation, we are confident that organoid transplantation will find it is clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Demchenko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Genome Editing, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - Alexander Lavrov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Genome Editing, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - Svetlana Smirnikhina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Genome Editing, Moscow, 115522 Russia
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10
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Klak M, Łojszczyk I, Berman A, Tymicki G, Adamiok-Ostrowska A, Sierakowski M, Olkowski R, Szczepankiewicz AA, Kamiński A, Dobrzyń A, Wszoła M. Impact of Porcine Pancreas Decellularization Conditions on the Quality of Obtained dECM. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137005. [PMID: 34209772 PMCID: PMC8267664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited number of organ donors, 3D printing of organs is a promising technique. Tissue engineering is increasingly using xenogeneic material for this purpose. This study was aimed at assessing the safety of decellularized porcine pancreas, together with the analysis of the risk of an undesirable immune response. We tested eight variants of the decellularization process. We determined the following impacts: rinsing agents (PBS/NH3·H2O), temperature conditions (4 °C/24 °C), and the grinding method of native material (ground/cut). To assess the quality of the extracellular matrix after the completed decellularization process, analyses of the following were performed: DNA concentration, fat content, microscopic evaluation, proteolysis, material cytotoxicity, and most importantly, the Triton X-100 content. Our analyses showed that we obtained a product with an extremely low detergent content with negligible residual DNA content. The obtained results confirmed the performed histological and immuno-fluorescence staining. Moreover, the TEM microscopic analysis proved that the correct collagen structure was preserved after the decellularization process. Based on the obtained results, we chose the most favorable variant in terms of quality and biology. The method we chose is an effective and safe method that gives a chance for the development of transplant and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Klak
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (A.A.-O.)
- Polbionica Ltd., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Łojszczyk
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (A.A.-O.)
| | - Andrzej Berman
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (A.A.-O.)
- Polbionica Ltd., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
- Medispace Medical Centre, 01-044 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Tymicki
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (A.A.-O.)
| | - Anna Adamiok-Ostrowska
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (A.A.-O.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Sierakowski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Radosław Olkowski
- Department of Transplantology and Central Tissue Bank, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (R.O.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrzej Antoni Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Kamiński
- Department of Transplantology and Central Tissue Bank, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (R.O.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Michał Wszoła
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Ł.); (A.B.); (G.T.); (A.A.-O.)
- Polbionica Ltd., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
- Medispace Medical Centre, 01-044 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Asadi M, Khalili M, Lotfi H, Vaghefi Moghaddam S, Zarghami N, André H, Alizadeh E. Liver bioengineering: Recent trends/advances in decellularization and cell sheet technologies towards translation into the clinic. Life Sci 2021; 276:119373. [PMID: 33744324 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel technologies provides the best tissue constructs engineering and maximizes their therapeutic effects in regenerative therapy, especially for liver dysfunctions. Among the currently investigated approaches of tissue engineering, scaffold-based and scaffold-free tissues are widely suggested for liver regeneration. Analogs of liver acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) are utilized in native scaffolds to increase the self-repair and healing ability of organs. Native ECM analog could improve liver repairing through providing the supportive framework for cells and signaling molecules, exerting normal biomechanical, biochemical, and physiological signal complexes. Recently, innovative cell sheet technology is introduced as an alternative for conventional tissue engineering with the advantage of fewer scaffold restrictions and cell culture on a Thermo-Responsive Polymer Surface. These sheets release the layered cells through a temperature-controlled procedure without enzymatic digestion, while preserving the cell-ECM contacts and adhesive molecules on cell-cell junctions. In addition, several novelties have been introduced into the cell sheet and decellularization technologies to aid cell growth, instruct differentiation/angiogenesis, and promote cell migration. In this review, recent trends, advancements, and issues linked to translation into clinical practice are dissected and compared regarding the decellularization and cell sheet technologies for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institute, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Morrissey J, Mesquita FCP, Hochman-Mendez C, Taylor DA. Whole Heart Engineering: Advances and Challenges. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:395-405. [PMID: 33640893 DOI: 10.1159/000511382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering a solid organ for organ replacement is a growing endeavor in regenerative medicine. Our approach - recellularization of a decellularized cadaveric organ scaffold with human cells - is currently the most promising approach to building a complex solid vascularized organ to be utilized in vivo, which remains the major unmet need and a key challenge. The 2008 publication of perfusion-based decellularization and partial recellularization of a rat heart revolutionized the tissue engineering field by showing that it was feasible to rebuild an organ using a decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold. Toward the goal of clinical translation of bioengineered tissues and organs, there is increasing recognition of the underlying need to better integrate basic science domains and industry. From the perspective of a research group focusing on whole heart engineering, we discuss the current approaches and advances in whole organ engineering research as they relate to this multidisciplinary field's 3 major pillars: organ scaffolds, large numbers of cells, and biomimetic bioreactor systems. The success of whole organ engineering will require optimization of protocols to produce biologically-active scaffolds for multiple organ systems, and further technological innovation both to produce the massive quantities of high-quality cells needed for recellularization and to engineer a bioreactor with physiologic stimuli to recapitulate organ function. Also discussed are the challenges to building an implantable vascularized solid organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelynn Morrissey
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fernanda C P Mesquita
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Camila Hochman-Mendez
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Campo H, López-Martínez S, Cervelló I. Decellularization Methods of Uterus in Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1345:141-152. [PMID: 34582020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82735-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new field of investigation which aims to design tissues and organs similar to their native origin has been developed recently, named as regenerative medicine (tissue engineering and bio-engineering). Uterus is the main organ for regeneration and contributes in the fertility. At an ultimate level, the uterus plays a role in embryo implantation, sperm migration and fetal nutrition. Uterine congenital anomalies, attained uterine lesions and immune system disorders may affect such uterine functions preventing successful pregnancy. Due to following reasons, it is essential to consider regenerative medicine as a new approach for the treatment of uterine dysfunctions to overcome the failures that cannot be treated with clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Campo
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara López-Martínez
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Cervelló
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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Liu J, Zheng H, Dai X, Poh PSP, Machens HG, Schilling AF. Transparent PDMS Bioreactors for the Fabrication and Analysis of Multi-Layer Pre-vascularized Hydrogels Under Continuous Perfusion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:568934. [PMID: 33425863 PMCID: PMC7785876 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.568934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering in combination with stem cell technology has the potential to revolutionize human healthcare. It aims at the generation of artificial tissues that can mimic the original with complex functions for medical applications. However, even the best current designs are limited in size, if the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the cells and the removal of cellular metabolites waste is mainly dependent on passive diffusion. Incorporation of functional biomimetic vasculature within tissue engineered constructs can overcome this shortcoming. Here, we developed a novel strategy using 3D printing and injection molding technology to customize multilayer hydrogel constructs with pre-vascularized structures in transparent Polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) bioreactors. These bioreactors can be directly connected to continuous perfusion systems without complicated construct assembling. Mimicking natural layer-structures of vascular walls, multilayer vessel constructs were fabricated with cell-laden fibrin and collagen gels, respectively. The multilayer design allows functional organization of multiple cell types, i.e., mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in outer layer, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) the inner layer and smooth muscle cells in between MSCs and HUVECs layers. Multiplex layers with different cell types showed clear boundaries and growth along the hydrogel layers. This work demonstrates a rapid, cost-effective, and practical method to fabricate customized 3D-multilayer vascular models. It allows precise design of parameters like length, thickness, diameter of lumens and the whole vessel constructs resembling the natural tissue in detail without the need of sophisticated skills or equipment. The ready-to-use bioreactor with hydrogel constructs could be used for biomedical applications including pre-vascularization for transplantable engineered tissue or studies of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Huaiyuan Zheng
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrina S P Poh
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department of Hand Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Hsieh DJ, Srinivasan P, Yen KC, Yeh YC, Chen YJ, Wang HC, Tarng YW. Protocols for the preparation and characterization of decellularized tissue and organ scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biotechniques 2020; 70:107-115. [PMID: 33307815 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are extensively used in tissue engineering studies and numerous clinical applications for tissue and organ reconstructions. Due to the global severe shortage of human tissues and organs, xenogeneic biomaterials are a common source for human tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Traditional methods for decellularization often disrupt the 3D architecture and damage the structural integrity of the ECM scaffold. To efficiently obtain natural ECM scaffolds from animal tissues and organs with intact architecture, we have developed a platform decellularization process using supercritical CO2 and tested its potential application in tissue engineering. A combination of human mesenchymal stem cells with a decellularized dermal matrix scaffold allowed complete regeneration of skin structure in a porcine full-thickness wound model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar-Jen Hsieh
- R&D Center, ACRO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Periasamy Srinivasan
- R&D Center, ACRO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chung Yen
- R&D Center, ACRO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- R&D Center, ACRO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- R&D Center, ACRO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Wang
- R&D Center, ACRO Biomedical Co., Ltd. Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Wen Tarng
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, no. 386, Da-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, 813414, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cui J. Recognized trophoblast-like cells conversion from human embryonic stem cells by BMP4 based on convolutional neural network. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 99:39-47. [PMID: 33249234 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of models of stem cell differentiation to trophoblastic cells provides an effective perspective for understanding the early molecular events in the establishment and maintenance of human pregnancy. In combination with the newly developed deep learning technology, the automated identification of this process can greatly accelerate the contribution to relevant knowledge. Based on the transfer learning technique, we used a convolutional neural network to distinguish the microscopic images of Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from differentiated trophoblast -like cells (TBL). To tackle the problem of insufficient training data, the strategies of data augmentation were used. The results showed that the convolutional neural network could successfully recognize trophoblast cells and stem cells automatically, but could not distinguish TBL from the immortalized trophoblast cell lines in vitro (JEG-3 and HTR8-SVneo). We compare the recognition effect of the commonly used convolutional neural network, including DenseNet, VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, and Xception. This study extends the deep learning technique to trophoblast cell phenotype classification and paves the way for automatic bright-field microscopic image analysis of trophoblast cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Gynecological Oncology Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University Translational Medicine Platform, Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University Translational Medicine Platform, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Gynecological Oncology Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University Translational Medicine Platform, Zhengzhou University, China.
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Uday Chandrika K, Tripathi R, Kameshwari Y, Rangaraj N, Mahesh Kumar J, Singh S. Refunctionalization of Decellularized Organ Scaffold of Pancreas by Recellularization: Whole Organ Regeneration into Functional Pancreas. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 18:99-112. [PMID: 33098547 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering centers on creating a niche similar to the natural one, with a purpose of developing an organ construct. A natural scaffold can replace none while creating a scaffold unique to each tissue in composition, architecture and cues that regulate the character of cells. METHODS Whole pancreas from mouse was decellularized using detergent and enzymes, followed by recellularizing with MSC from human placenta. This construct was transplanted in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Histopathology of both decellularized and recellularized transplanted pancreas and qPCR analysis were performed to assess its recovery. RESULTS Decellularization removes the cells leaving behind extracellular matrix rich natural scaffold. After reseeding with mesenchymal stem cells, these cells differentiate into pancreas specific cells. Upon transplantation in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, this organ was capable of restoring its histomorphology and functioning. Restoration of endocrine (islets), the exocrine region (acinar) and vascular network was seen in transplanted pancreas. The process of functional recovery of endocrine system took about 20 days when the mice start showing blood glucose reduction, though none achieved gluconormalization. CONCLUSION Natural decellularized scaffolds of soft organs can be refunctionalized using recipient's mesenchymal stem cells to restore structure and function; and counter immune problems arising during transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uday Chandrika
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Rekha Tripathi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Y Kameshwari
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Nandini Rangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - J Mahesh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Shashi Singh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Alshaikh AB, Padma AM, Dehlin M, Akouri R, Song MJ, Brännström M, Hellström M. Decellularization and recellularization of the ovary for bioengineering applications; studies in the mouse. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:75. [PMID: 32703228 PMCID: PMC7376865 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertility preservation is particularly challenging in young women diagnosed with hematopoietic cancers, as transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian cortex in these women carries the risk for re-introducing cancer cells. Therefore, the construction of a bioengineered ovary that can accommodate isolated small follicles was proposed as an alternative to minimize the risk of malignancy transmission. Various options for viable bioengineered scaffolds have been reported in the literature. Previously, we reported three protocols for producing mouse ovarian scaffolds with the decellularization technique. The present study examined these scaffolds further, specifically with regards to their extracellular composition, biocompatibility and ability to support recellularization with mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three decellularization protocols based on 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (Protocol 1; P1), or 2% sodium deoxycholate (P2), or a combination of the two detergents (P3) were applied to produce three types of scaffolds. The levels of collagen, elastin and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) were quantified in the remaining extracellular matrix. Detailed immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy imaging were conducted to assess the morphology and recellularization efficiency of the constructs after 14 days in vitro utilizing red fluorescent protein-labelled mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS All protocols efficiently removed the DNA while the elastin content was not significantly reduced during the procedures. The SDS-protocol (P1) reduced the sGAG and the collagen content more than the SDC-protocol (P2). All scaffolds were biocompatible and recellularization was successful, particularly in several P2-derived scaffolds. The cells were extensively distributed throughout the constructs, with a denser distribution observed towards the ovarian cortex. The cell density was not significantly different (400 to 550 cells/mm2) between scaffold types. However, there was a tendency towards a higher cell density in the SDC-derived constructs. Scanning electron microscope images showed fibrous scaffolds with a dense repopulated surface structure. CONCLUSIONS While there were differences in the key structural macromolecules between protocols, all scaffolds were biocompatible and showed effective recellularization. The results indicate that our SDC-protocol might be better than our SDS-protocol. However, additional studies are necessary to determine their suitability for attachment of small follicles and folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Baker Alshaikh
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arvind Manikantan Padma
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matilda Dehlin
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Randa Akouri
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Min Jong Song
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mats Brännström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Stockholm IVF-EUGIN, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Ayala-García MA, Ríos Zambudio A, Martínez-Martínez OI, González Yebra B, Cancino Marentes ME, Rivera Barragán V, Pantoja Hernández MÁ, Cargill Foster NR, Soto Saldaña L, Reyes Sánchez J, Vázquez Guerrero MÁ, Castillo Cardiel JA, Flores-Vargas G. Multicentric Study to Evaluate Mexican Medical Students' Knowledge of Transplants and Organ Donation. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1030-1035. [PMID: 32241634 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transplants and organ donation are greatly aided by future medical professionals having adequate knowledge of this topic. This study aimed to elucidate the level of Mexican medical students' knowledge in the field of transplants and organ donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The evaluation instrument was designed and validated. The design used simple sampling with replacement, selecting a random sample of 5 universities from among the institutional members of the Mexican Association of Departments and Schools of Medicine (Asociación Mexicana de Facultades y Escuelas de Medicina [AMFEM]). The sample was composed of 3214 medical students. Measures of central tendency were determined, and the mean scores obtained across the different universities were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test. The odds ratio was calculated for the students whose school or department included instruction on transplants and donation within their curriculum. Kendall correlation was used for the students' academic grade level and score. All analyses considered a threshold of P < .05. RESULTS A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 2563 students to evaluate their knowledge of transplants and organ donation. The average score was 4.02 on a scale of 0 to 10 (standard deviation 0.03), with a 95% confidence interval (3.96-4.08). Students whose school or department taught the subject of transplants and donations within their curriculum obtained an odds ratio of 1.44 (P = .0000822). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that medical students in Mexico do not have sufficient knowledge of transplants and organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Ayala-García
- Surgery Department, Hospital General Regional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, México; Research Commettee, Medical School Universidad Quetzalcóatl en Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México; Colaborative Proyect Internacional Donor, España.
| | - Antonio Ríos Zambudio
- Colaborative Proyect Internacional Donor, España; Trasplants Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España; Surgery Department, Universidad de Murcia, España
| | | | - Beatriz González Yebra
- Medical and Nutricional Department, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, León, Guanajuato, México; Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - Martha Edith Cancino Marentes
- Public Health Master Degree Coordination (PNPC CONACyT), Medical Academy Unit Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Virgilio Rivera Barragán
- Medicine Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | | | - Nelly Ruth Cargill Foster
- Medicine Faculty, Health Science Academy Division, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Lisandra Soto Saldaña
- Research Commettee, Medical School Universidad Quetzalcóatl en Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Jorge Reyes Sánchez
- Odontology Faculty, Universidad Quetzalcóatl en Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | | | - Gilberto Flores-Vargas
- Master in Probability and Statistics, Centro de Investigaciones en Matemáticas, A.C, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
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Liu G, David BT, Trawczynski M, Fessler RG. Advances in Pluripotent Stem Cells: History, Mechanisms, Technologies, and Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:3-32. [PMID: 31760627 PMCID: PMC6987053 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, and particularly in the last decade, significant developmental milestones have driven basic, translational, and clinical advances in the field of stem cell and regenerative medicine. In this article, we provide a systemic overview of the major recent discoveries in this exciting and rapidly developing field. We begin by discussing experimental advances in the generation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), next moving to the maintenance of stem cells in different culture types, and finishing with a discussion of three-dimensional (3D) cell technology and future stem cell applications. Specifically, we highlight the following crucial domains: 1) sources of pluripotent cells; 2) next-generation in vivo direct reprogramming technology; 3) cell types derived from PSCs and the influence of genetic memory; 4) induction of pluripotency with genomic modifications; 5) construction of vectors with reprogramming factor combinations; 6) enhancing pluripotency with small molecules and genetic signaling pathways; 7) induction of cell reprogramming by RNA signaling; 8) induction and enhancement of pluripotency with chemicals; 9) maintenance of pluripotency and genomic stability in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); 10) feeder-free and xenon-free culture environments; 11) biomaterial applications in stem cell biology; 12) three-dimensional (3D) cell technology; 13) 3D bioprinting; 14) downstream stem cell applications; and 15) current ethical issues in stem cell and regenerative medicine. This review, encompassing the fundamental concepts of regenerative medicine, is intended to provide a comprehensive portrait of important progress in stem cell research and development. Innovative technologies and real-world applications are emphasized for readers interested in the exciting, promising, and challenging field of stem cells and those seeking guidance in planning future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gele Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Brian T David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Matthew Trawczynski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Richard G Fessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical College, 1725 W. Harrison St., Suite 855, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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21
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Three-dimensional spheroids of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells promote osteogenesis by activating stemness and Wnt/β-catenin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:458-464. [PMID: 31882121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent and self-renewal cells that are widely used in regenerative medicine. The culture of three-dimensional (3D) spheroid MSCs more accurately mimics the biological microenvironment. However, it is unclear which key molecules are responsible for the cell fate control of MSCs during 3D spheroid formation and their impact on the functional characteristics of these stem cells. Furthermore, it remains unclear what effects 3D spheroid MSC transplantation has on new bone formation compared with that of 2D monolayer MSCs. We assessed whether the osteogenerative potential of 3D spheroid MSCs is greater than that of 2D monolayer MSCs in vitro. In addition, to elucidate the ability of 3D spheroid MSCs to regenerate bone, we examined the effects of transplanting wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) spheroid MSCs on new bone formation in mice calvarial defect model in vitro. The 3D spheroid MSC culture dramatically upregulated into stemness markers compared with the 2D monolayer MSC culture. In contrast, BMP-2 significantly increased the osteogenesis-related molecules in the 3D spheroid MSCs but, in turn, downregulated the stemness markers. BMP-2 activated Smad1/5 together with Wnt/β-catenin in 3D spheroid MSCs. Transplantation of these MSCs into aged mice with calvarial defects promoted new bone formation compared with that of 2D monolayer MSCs. In contrast, transplantation of 3D or 2D β-catenin knockout MSCs induced little new bone formation. The 3D spheroid MSC culture had higher stemness compared with the 2D monolayer MSC culture. The culture of 3D spheroid MSCs rapidly promoted osteoblastogenesis and bone formation through synergistic activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vitro. The transformation of 3D spheroid, but not 2D monolayer, MSCs promoted new bone regeneration in vivo. These results indicate that transplantation of 3D spheroid MSCs in regeneration therapy contributes to a shorter regenerative healing process, including new bone formation.
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A Hepatic Scaffold from Decellularized Liver Tissue: Food for Thought. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120813. [PMID: 31810291 PMCID: PMC6995515 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic liver transplantation is still deemed the gold standard solution for end-stage organ failure; however, donor organ shortages have led to extended waiting lists for organ transplants. In order to overcome the lack of donors, the development of new therapeutic options is mandatory. In the last several years, organ bioengineering has been extensively explored to provide transplantable tissues or whole organs with the final goal of creating a three-dimensional growth microenvironment mimicking the native structure. It has been frequently reported that an extracellular matrix-based scaffold offers a structural support and important biological molecules that could help cellular proliferation during the recellularization process. The aim of the present review is to underline the recent developments in cell-on-scaffold technology for liver bioengineering, taking into account: (1) biological and synthetic scaffolds; (2) animal and human tissue decellularization; (3) scaffold recellularization; (4) 3D bioprinting; and (5) organoid technology. Future possible clinical applications in regenerative medicine for liver tissue engineering and for drug testing were underlined and dissected.
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23
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Methods to generate tissue-derived constructs for regenerative medicine applications. Methods 2019; 171:3-10. [PMID: 31606388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor organs for transplantation remains a continued problem for patients with irreversible end-stage organ failure. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aims to develop therapies to provide viable solutions for these patients. Use of decellularized tissue scaffolds has emerged as an attractive approach to generate tissue constructs that mimic native tissue architecture and vascular networks. The process of decellularization which involves the removal of resident cellular components from donor tissues has been successfully translated to the clinic for applications in patients. However, transplantation of bioengineered solid organs using this approach remains a challenge as the process requires repopulating target cells to achieve functioning organs. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the methods used to achieve decellularization, the types of decellularizing agents, and the potential cell sources that could be used to achieve tissue function. Understanding the mechanism of action of the decellularizing agent and the processing methods will provide the optimal results for applications.
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Abstract
In this issue of Stem Cell Reports, Hamanaka et al. (2018) describe the generation of chimeric mice with all vascular endothelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells. This approach is desirable to prevent immune rejection when human stem cells are combined with animal embryos to grow human organs in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A J Roelen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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25
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Pereira RHA, Prado AR, Caro LFCD, Zanardo TÉC, Alencar AP, Nogueira BV. A non-linear mathematical model using optical sensor to predict heart decellularization efficacy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12211. [PMID: 31434981 PMCID: PMC6704168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main problems of the decellularization technique is the subjectivity of the final evaluation of its efficacy in individual organs. This problem can result in restricted cell repopulation reproducibility and worse responses to transplant tissues. Our proposal is to analyze the optical profiles produced by hearts during perfusion decellularization, as an additional method for evaluating the decellularization process of each individual organ. An apparatus comprised of a structured LED source and photo detector on an adjustable base was developed to capture the relationship between transmitted light during the perfusion of murine hearts, and residual DNA content. Voltage-time graphic records were used to identify a nonlinear mathematical model to discriminate between decellularizations with remaining DNA above (Incomplete Decellularization) and below (Complete Decellularization) the standardized limits. The results indicate that temporal optical evaluation of the process enables inefficient cell removal to be predicted in the initial stages, regardless of the apparent transparency of the organ. Our open system also creates new possibilities to add distinct photo detectors, such as for specific wavelengths, image acquisition, and physical-chemical evaluation of the scaffold, in order to collect different kinds of information, from dozens of studies. These data, when compiled and submitted to machine learning techniques, have the potential to initiate an exponential advance in tissue bioengineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Helena Arruda Pereira
- Carlos Alberto Redins Cell Ultrastructure Laboratory (LUCCAR) and Tissue Engineering Core, Department of Morphology - Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Adilson Ribeiro Prado
- Department of Control Engineering and Automation, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Serra, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Tadeu Ériton Caliman Zanardo
- Carlos Alberto Redins Cell Ultrastructure Laboratory (LUCCAR) and Tissue Engineering Core, Department of Morphology - Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Airlane Pereira Alencar
- Department of Statistic, Institute of Mathematics and Statics, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Carlos Alberto Redins Cell Ultrastructure Laboratory (LUCCAR) and Tissue Engineering Core, Department of Morphology - Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
- Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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26
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Immune responses towards bioengineered tissues and strategies to control them. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 24:582-589. [PMID: 31385889 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research into development of artificial tissues and bioengineered organs to replace physiological functions of injured counterparts has highlighted a previously underestimated challenge for its clinical translatability: the immune response against biomaterials. Herein, we will provide an update and review current knowledge regarding this important barrier to regenerative medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Although a clear understanding of the immune reactivity against biomaterials remains elusive, accumulating evidence indicates that innate immune cells, primarily neutrophils and macrophages, play a key role in the initial phases of the immune response. More recently, data have shown that in later phases, T and B cells are also involved. The use of physicochemical modifications of biomaterials and cell-based strategies to modulate the host inflammatory response is being actively investigated for effective biomaterial integration. SUMMARY The immune response towards biomaterials and bioengineered organs plays a crucial role in determining their utility as transplantable grafts. Expanding our understanding of these responses is necessary for developing protolerogenic strategies and delivering on the ultimate promise of regenerative medicine.
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Brovold M, Almeida JI, Pla-Palacín I, Sainz-Arnal P, Sánchez-Romero N, Rivas JJ, Almeida H, Dachary PR, Serrano-Aulló T, Soker S, Baptista PM. Naturally-Derived Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1077:421-449. [PMID: 30357702 PMCID: PMC7526297 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally-derived biomaterials have been used for decades in multiple regenerative medicine applications. From the simplest cell microcarriers made of collagen or alginate, to highly complex decellularized whole-organ scaffolds, these biomaterials represent a class of substances that is usually first in choice at the time of electing a functional and useful biomaterial. Hence, in this chapter we describe the several naturally-derived biomaterials used in tissue engineering applications and their classification, based on composition. We will also describe some of the present uses of the generated tissues like drug discovery, developmental biology, bioprinting and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brovold
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joana I Almeida
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iris Pla-Palacín
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Sainz-Arnal
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jesus J Rivas
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helen Almeida
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Royo Dachary
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Trinidad Serrano-Aulló
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research Network Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Alshaikh AB, Padma AM, Dehlin M, Akouri R, Song MJ, Brännström M, Hellström M. Decellularization of the mouse ovary: comparison of different scaffold generation protocols for future ovarian bioengineering. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:58. [PMID: 31228949 PMCID: PMC6588934 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to preserve fertility in young women with disseminated cancer, e.g. leukemia, an approach that has been suggested is to retransplant isolated small follicles within an ovarian matrix free from malignant cells and with no risk for contamination. The present study evaluates the first step to create a bioengineered ovarian construct that can act as growth-supporting tissue for isolated small follicles that are dependent on a stroma for normal follicular maturation. The present study used the intact mouse ovary to develop a mouse ovarian scaffold through various protocols of decellularization. Material and methods Potential Immunogenic DNA and intracellular components were removed from whole mouse ovaries by agitation in a 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution (Protocol 1; P1), or in a 2% sodium deoxycholate solution (P2) or by a combination of the two (P3). The remaining decelluralized ovarian extracellular matrix structure was then assessed based on the DNA- and protein content, and was further evaluated histologically by haematoxylin and eosin-, Verhoeff’s van gieson- (for elastin), Masson’s trichrome- (for collagens) and Alcian blue (for glycosaminoglycans) staining. We also evaluated the decellularization efficiency using the mild detergent Triton-X100 (1%). Results Sodium dodecyl sulfate efficiently removed DNA and intracellular components from the ovarian tissue but also significantly reduced the integrity of the remaining ovarian extracellular matrix. Sodium deoxycholate, a considerably milder detergent compared to sodium dodecyl sulfate, preserved the ovarian extracellular matrix better, evident by a more distinct staining for glycosaminoglycan, collagen and elastic fibres. Triton-X100 was found ineffective as a decellularization reagent for mouse ovaries in our settings. Conclusions The sodium dodecyl sulfate generated ovarian scaffolds contained minute amounts of DNA that may be an advantage to evade a detrimental immune response following engraftment. The sodium deoxycholate generated ovarian scaffolds had higher donor DNA content, yet, retained the extracellular composition better and may therefore have improved recellularization and other downstream bioengineering applications. These two novel types of mouse ovarian scaffolds serve as promising scaffold-candidates for future ovarian bioengineering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Baker Alshaikh
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Arvind Manikantan Padma
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Matilda Dehlin
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Randa Akouri
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Min Jong Song
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mats Brännström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Stockholm IVF-EUGIN, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden. .,Kvinnokliniken, Blå stråket 6, SE-413 45, Göteborg, Sweden.
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29
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Eivazkhani F, Abtahi NS, Tavana S, Mirzaeian L, Abedi F, Ebrahimi B, Montazeri L, Valojerdi MR, Fathi R. Evaluating two ovarian decellularization methods in three species. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:670-682. [PMID: 31147040 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since there is dearth of practical ways to obtain mature follicles from cryopreserved or native ovarian tissues, especially in patients suffering from ovarian dysfunction, tissue engineering may help in restoring ovarian function and/or fertility. In the present study, the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the decellularization of ovarian tissues were studied in order to ascertain their suitability in creating suitable bioscaffolds. Cells were removed from the ovarian tissues of mouse, sheep and human. The samples were distributed among three groups, viz., control (not treated), SDS and NaOH treated. Qualitative histological evaluations, quantitative assessments (nuclear contents, collagen and glycosaminoglycan), immunohistochemistry staining (for laminin, fibronectin and Collagen I), cell viability and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) assays were performed for all experimental groups. Finally, suspensions of mouse ovarian cells were injected into human NaOH treated scaffolds and subsequently auto-transplanted to ovariectomized mice. H&E and IHC staining (GDF-9) were performed on human recellularized NaOH treated scaffolds 1 month after auto-transplantation. Although histological studies and quantitative evaluations confirmed the successful decellularization and presence of key factors in ovarian scaffolds under both treatment methods, NaOH showed more interesting outcomes. Cell metabolic activity in sheep and human ovaries treated with NaOH was statistically (p < 0.05) higher than for SDS treated samples after 72 h. Moreover, spherical associations with cuboidal cells in human NaOH treated scaffolds were observed and this follicular reconstruction was also confirmed by GDF-9. NaOH was found to be more suitable than SDS for the decellularization of ovarian tissues and it supports follicular reconstruction better than SDS. This is a valuable finding in tissue engineering research and can help in the creation of appropriate ovarian bioscaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Eivazkhani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Sadat Abtahi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Tavana
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mirzaeian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abedi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Ebrahimi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Aubin H. Extrazelluläre Matrixgerüste auf Basis von dezellularisiertem nativem Gewebe. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-018-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Vishwakarma SK, Lakkireddy C, Bardia A, Paspala SAB, Tripura C, Habeeb MA, Khan AA. Bioengineered functional humanized livers: An emerging supportive modality to bridge the gap of organ transplantation for management of end-stage liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:822-836. [PMID: 30533183 PMCID: PMC6280164 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i11.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
End stage liver diseases (ESLD) represent a major, neglected global public health crisis which requires an urgent action towards finding a proper cure. Orthotropic liver transplantation has been the only definitive treatment modality for ESLD. However, shortage of donor organs, timely unavailability, post-surgery related complications and financial burden on the patients limits the number of patients receiving the transplants. Since last two decades cell-based therapies have revolutionized the field of organ/tissue regeneration. However providing an alternative organ source to address the donor liver shortage still poses potential challenges. The developments made in this direction provide useful futuristic approaches, which could be translated into pre-clinical and clinical settings targeting appropriate applications in specific disease conditions. Earlier studies have demonstrated the applicability of this particular approach to generate functional organ in rodent system by connecting them with portal and hepatic circulatory networks. However, such strategy requires very high level of surgical expertise and also poses the technical and financial questions towards its future applicability. Hence, alternative sites for generating secondary organs are being tested in several types of disease conditions. Among different sites, omentum has been proved to be more appropriate site for implanting several kinds of functional tissue constructs without eliciting much immunological response. Hence, omentum may be considered as better site for transplanting humanized bioengineered ex vivo generated livers, thereby creating a secondary organ at intra-omental site. However, the expertise for generating such bioengineered organs are limited and only very few centres are involved for investigating the potential use of such implants in clinical practice due to gap between the clinical transplant surgeons and basic scientists working on the concept evolution. Herein we discuss the recent advances and challenges to create functional secondary organs through intra-omental transplantation of ex vivo generated bioengineered humanized livers and their further application in the management of ESLD as a supportive bridge for organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
- Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrakala Lakkireddy
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
- Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Avinash Bardia
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
- Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Syed Ameer Basha Paspala
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
- Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Chaturvedula Tripura
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Md Aejaz Habeeb
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
- Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
- Dr Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India.
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Grant R, Hay D, Callanan A. From scaffold to structure: the synthetic production of cell derived extracellular matrix for liver tissue engineering. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aacbe1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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The potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling diabetic wound healing in vitro. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1629-1643. [PMID: 30108152 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing and ulceration caused by diabetes mellitus, is a significant healthcare burden, markedly impairs quality of life for patients, and is the major cause of amputation worldwide. Current experimental approaches used to investigate the complex wound healing process often involve cultures of fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes in vitro, which can be limited in terms of complexity and capacity, or utilisation of rodent models in which the mechanisms of wound repair differ substantively from that in humans. However, advances in tissue engineering, and the discovery of strategies to reprogramme adult somatic cells to pluripotency, has led to the possibility of developing models of human skin on a large scale. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from tissues donated by diabetic patients allows the (epi)genetic background of this disease to be studied, and the ability to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cell types found within skin may facilitate the development of more complex skin models; these advances offer key opportunities for improving modelling of wound healing in diabetes, and the development of effective therapeutics for treatment of chronic wounds.
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34
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Zheng CX, Sui BD, Hu CH, Qiu XY, Zhao P, Jin Y. Reconstruction of structure and function in tissue engineering of solid organs: Toward simulation of natural development based on decellularization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1432-1447. [PMID: 29701314 DOI: 10.1002/term.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Failure of solid organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidney, remains a major cause of the world's mortality due to critical shortage of donor organs. Tissue engineering, which uses elements including cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to fabricate functional organs in vitro, is a promising strategy to mitigate the scarcity of transplantable organs. Within recent years, different construction strategies that guide the combination of tissue engineering elements have been applied in solid organ tissue engineering and have achieved much progress. Most attractively, construction strategy based on whole-organ decellularization has become a popular and promising approach, because the overall structure of extracellular matrix can be well preserved. However, despite the preservation of whole structure, the current constructs derived from decellularization-based strategy still perform partial functions of solid organs, due to several challenges, including preservation of functional extracellular matrix structure, implementation of functional recellularization, formation of functional vascular network, and realization of long-term functional integration. This review overviews the status quo of solid organ tissue engineering, including both advances and challenges. We have also put forward a few techniques with potential to solve the challenges, mainly focusing on decellularization-based construction strategy. We propose that the primary concept for constructing tissue-engineered solid organs is fabricating functional organs based on intact structure via simulating the natural development and regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
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Yu H, Chen Y, Kong H, He Q, Sun H, Bhugul PA, Zhang Q, Chen B, Zhou M. The rat pancreatic body tail as a source of a novel extracellular matrix scaffold for endocrine pancreas bioengineering. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29719565 PMCID: PMC5923185 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are promising approaches for organ transplantation. Extracellular matrix (ECM) based scaffolds obtained through the decellularization of natural organs have become the preferred platform for organ bioengineering. In the field of pancreas bioengineering, acellular scaffolds from different animals approximate the biochemical, spatial and vascular relationships of the native extracellular matrix and have been proven to be a good platform for recellularization and in vitro culture. However, artificial endocrine pancreases based on these whole pancreatic scaffolds have a critical flaw, specifically their difficult in vivo transplantation, and connecting their vessels to the recipient is a major limitation in the development of pancreatic tissue engineering. In this study, we focus on preparing a novel acellular extracellular matrix scaffold derived from the rat pancreatic body tail (pan-body-tail ECM scaffold). Results Several analyses confirmed that our protocol effectively removes cellular material while preserving ECM proteins and the native vascular tree. DNA quantification demonstrated an obvious reduction of DNA compared with that of the natural organ (from 931.9 ± 267.8 to 11.7 ± 3.6 ng/mg, P < 0.001); the retention of the sGAG in the decellularized pancreas (0.878 ± 0.37) showed no significant difference from the natural pancreas (0.819 ± 0.1) (P > 0.05). After transplanted with the recellularized pancreas, fasting glucose levels declined to 9.08 ± 2.4 mmol/l within 2 h of the operation, and 8 h later, they had decreased to 4.7 ± 1.8 mmol/l (P < 0.05). Conclusions The current study describes a novel pancreatic ECM scaffold prepared from the rat pancreatic body tail via perfusion through the left gastric artery. We further showed the pioneering possibility of in vivo circulation-connected transplantation of a recellularized pancreas based on this novel scaffold. By providing such a promising pancreatic ECM scaffold, the present study might represent a key improvement and have a positive impact on endocrine pancreas bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Yu
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Hongru Kong
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Qikuan He
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Pravin Avinash Bhugul
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengtao Zhou
- 1Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou, China
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Hülsmann J, Aubin H, Oberle F, Schütterle N, Bandesha ST, Iijima M, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. Mechanistics of biomass discharge during whole-heart decellularization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:035014. [PMID: 29465410 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Whole-organ engineering-based on the functional repopulation of acellular whole-organ scaffolds derived from perfusion-based in toto decellularization of the specific organ system-is one of the most promising fields in tissue engineering. However, to date, we still have hardly any insights into the process of perfusion-based scaffold generation itself, with human-scale scaffolds usually obtained by adoption of small animal decellularization models, although those organs are of decreased biomass and potentially different biological characteristics. Therefore, in this study we analyzed perfusion-based human-scale whole-heart decellularization by evaluating and comparing the dynamics of biomass discharge and its kinetic characteristics during in toto decellularization of ovine and rodent hearts, while introducing a theoretical model of biomass depletion during perfusion-based whole-heart decellularization. Our results suggest highly varying process characteristics for the in toto decellularization of individual human-scale organs, such as protein discharge kinetics or time-dependent viscoelasticity of formed debris, despite seemingly consistent inter-sample decellularization efficacy, as evaluated by conventional disruptive analysis of obtained ECM scaffolds. Hence, the here exposed insights into the mechanistics of whole-heart decellularization as well as the introduced non-disruptive process accompanying tools may help to monitor and further optimize the decellularization process, especially with regards to human-scale scaffold production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Hülsmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Courtenay JC, Sharma RI, Scott JL. Recent Advances in Modified Cellulose for Tissue Culture Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E654. [PMID: 29538287 PMCID: PMC6017284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly advancing field in regenerative medicine, with much research directed towards the production of new biomaterial scaffolds with tailored properties to generate functional tissue for specific applications. Recently, principles of sustainability, eco-efficiency and green chemistry have begun to guide the development of a new generation of materials, such as cellulose, as an alternative to conventional polymers based on conversion of fossil carbon (e.g., oil) and finding technologies to reduce the use of animal and human derived biomolecules (e.g., foetal bovine serum). Much of this focus on cellulose is due to it possessing the necessary properties for tissue engineering scaffolds, including biocompatibility, and the relative ease with which its characteristics can be tuned through chemical modification to adjust mechanical properties and to introduce various surface modifications. In addition, the sustainability of producing and manufacturing materials from cellulose, as well as its modest cost, makes cellulose an economically viable feedstock. This review focusses specifically on the use of modified cellulose materials for tissue culturing applications. We will investigate recent techniques used to promote scaffold function through physical, biochemical and chemical scaffold modifications, and describe how these have been utilised to reduce reliance on the addition of matrix ligands such as foetal bovine serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Courtenay
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ram I Sharma
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Janet L Scott
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Metabolic Reprogramming and the Recovery of Physiological Functionality in 3D Cultures in Micro-Bioreactors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29518979 PMCID: PMC5874888 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of physiological functionality, which is commonly seen in tissue mimetic three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates (organoids, spheroids, acini, etc.), has been observed in cells of many origins (primary tissues, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and immortal cell lines). This plurality and plasticity suggest that probably several basic principles promote this recovery process. The aim of this study was to identify these basic principles and describe how they are regulated so that they can be taken in consideration when micro-bioreactors are designed. Here, we provide evidence that one of these basic principles is hypoxia, which is a natural consequence of multicellular structures grown in microgravity cultures. Hypoxia drives a partial metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis and an increased anabolic synthesis. A second principle is the activation of cytoplasmic glutaminolysis for lipogenesis. Glutaminolysis is activated in the presence of hypo- or normo-glycaemic conditions and in turn is geared to the hexosamine pathway. The reducing power needed is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway, a prime function of glucose metabolism. Cytoskeletal reconstruction, histone modification, and the recovery of the physiological phenotype can all be traced to adaptive changes in the underlying cellular metabolism. These changes are coordinated by mTOR/Akt, p53 and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, while myc and NF-kB appear to be relatively inactive. Partial metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis, originally described by Warburg, is independent of the cell’s rate of proliferation, but is interwoven with the cells abilities to execute advanced functionality needed for replicating the tissues physiological performance.
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Rajabi S, Pahlavan S, Ashtiani MK, Ansari H, Abbasalizadeh S, Sayahpour FA, Varzideh F, Kostin S, Aghdami N, Braun T, Baharvand H. Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells efficiently colonize in bFGF-tethered natural matrix to construct contracting humanized rat hearts. Biomaterials 2018; 154:99-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Johnson MB, March AR, Morsut L. Engineering multicellular systems: using synthetic biology to control tissue self-organization. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 4:163-173. [PMID: 29308442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion B Johnson
- The Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine 1425 San Pablo Avenue, BCC-507, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Alexander R March
- The Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine 1425 San Pablo Avenue, BCC-507, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Leonardo Morsut
- The Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine 1425 San Pablo Avenue, BCC-507, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
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41
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Ma J, Guo W, Gao M, Huang B, Qi Q, Ling Z, Chen Y, Hu H, Zhou H, Yu F, Chen K, Richards G, Lin J, Zhou Z, Xiao D, Zou X. Biomimetic matrix fabricated by LMP-1 gene-transduced MC3T3-E1 cells for bone regeneration. Biofabrication 2017; 9:045010. [PMID: 28930090 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa8dd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone healing is regulated by multiple microenvironmental signals provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study aimed to mimic the native osteoinductive microenvironment by developing an ECM using gene-transduced cells. The LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) gene was transferred to murine pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) using lentiviral vectors. Western blotting assay indicated that the MC3T3-E1 cells expressed an increased level of bone morphologic protein-2, -4 and -7 (BMP-2, -4 and -7) after LMP-1 gene transduction. The transduced cells were then seeded into calcined bovine bone scaffolds and cultured for 7, 14, and 21 days to construct ECMs on the scaffolds. The ECM-scaffold composites were then decellularized using the freeze-drying method. Scaffolds without ECM deposition were used as controls. The composites and controls were implanted into critical-sized bone defects created in the distal femurs of New Zealand rabbits. Twelve weeks after the surgery, both microcomputed tomography and histologic results indicated that the 7-day-cell-modified ECM-scaffold composites induced bone regeneration with significantly larger volume, trabecular thickness and connectivity than the controls. However, the 14- and 21-day-cell-modified ECM-scaffold composites triggered sustained inflammation response even at 12 weeks after the surgery and showed less bone ingrowth and integration than their 7-day-cell-modified counterparts. In conclusion, these results highlight the viable gene transfer techniques for manipulating cells in a constructed microenvironment of ECM for bone regeneration. However, the unresolved inflammation relating to the duration of ECM modification needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wintle BC, Boehm CR, Rhodes C, Molloy JC, Millett P, Adam L, Breitling R, Carlson R, Casagrande R, Dando M, Doubleday R, Drexler E, Edwards B, Ellis T, Evans NG, Hammond R, Haseloff J, Kahl L, Kuiken T, Lichman BR, Matthewman CA, Napier JA, ÓhÉigeartaigh SS, Patron NJ, Perello E, Shapira P, Tait J, Takano E, Sutherland WJ. A transatlantic perspective on 20 emerging issues in biological engineering. eLife 2017; 6:e30247. [PMID: 29132504 PMCID: PMC5685469 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biological engineering are likely to have substantial impacts on global society. To explore these potential impacts we ran a horizon scanning exercise to capture a range of perspectives on the opportunities and risks presented by biological engineering. We first identified 70 potential issues, and then used an iterative process to prioritise 20 issues that we considered to be emerging, to have potential global impact, and to be relatively unknown outside the field of biological engineering. The issues identified may be of interest to researchers, businesses and policy makers in sectors such as health, energy, agriculture and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Wintle
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian R Boehm
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine Rhodes
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C Molloy
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Piers Millett
- Future of Humanity InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Adam
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Malcolm Dando
- Division of Peace Studies and the Bradford Centre for International DevelopmentUniversity of BradfordBradfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert Doubleday
- Centre for Science and PolicyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric Drexler
- Future of Humanity InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Brett Edwards
- Department of Politics, Languages & International StudiesUniversity of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom Ellis
- Centre for Synthetic Biology and InnovationImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas G Evans
- Department of PhilosophyUniversity of MassachusettsLowellUnited States
| | | | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Linda Kahl
- BioBricks FoundationSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Todd Kuiken
- Genetic Engineering & Society CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Seán S ÓhÉigeartaigh
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Philip Shapira
- Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business SchoolUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- School of Public PolicyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Joyce Tait
- Innogen InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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Cravedi P, Farouk S, Angeletti A, Edgar L, Tamburrini R, Duisit J, Perin L, Orlando G. Regenerative immunology: the immunological reaction to biomaterials. Transpl Int 2017; 30:1199-1208. [PMID: 28892571 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine promises to meet two of the most urgent needs of modern organ transplantation, namely immunosuppression-free transplantation and an inexhaustible source of organs. Ideally, bioengineered organs would be manufactured from a patient's own biomaterials-both cells and the supporting scaffolding materials in which cells would be embedded and allowed to mature to eventually regenerate the organ in question. While some groups are focusing on the feasibility of this approach, few are focusing on the immunogenicity of the scaffolds that are being developed for organ bioengineering purposes. This review will succinctly discuss progress in the understanding of immunological characteristics and behavior of different scaffolds currently under development, with emphasis on the extracellular matrix scaffolds obtained decellularized animal or human organs which seem to provide the ideal template for bioengineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samira Farouk
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, Specialty Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant Unit, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lauren Edgar
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Riccardo Tamburrini
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jerome Duisit
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale (CHEX), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Perin
- Division of Urology, GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Jakus AE, Laronda MM, Rashedi AS, Robinson CM, Lee C, Jordan SW, Orwig KE, Woodruff TK, Shah RN. "Tissue Papers" from Organ-Specific Decellularized Extracellular Matrices. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1700992. [PMID: 29104526 PMCID: PMC5665058 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using an innovative, tissue-independent approach to decellularized tissue processing and biomaterial fabrication, the development of a series of "tissue papers" derived from native porcine tissues/organs (heart, kidney, liver, muscle), native bovine tissue/organ (ovary and uterus), and purified bovine Achilles tendon collagen as a control from decellularized extracellular matrix particle ink suspensions cast into molds is described. Each tissue paper type has distinct microstructural characteristics as well as physical and mechanical properties, is capable of absorbing up to 300% of its own weight in liquid, and remains mechanically robust (E = 1-18 MPa) when hydrated; permitting it to be cut, rolled, folded, and sutured, as needed. In vitro characterization with human mesenchymal stem cells reveals that all tissue paper types support cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation over four weeks. Ovarian tissue papers support mouse ovarian follicle adhesion, viability, and health in vitro, as well as support, and maintain the viability and hormonal function of nonhuman primate and human follicle-containing, live ovarian cortical tissues ex vivo for eight weeks postmortem. "Tissue papers" can be further augmented with additional synthetic and natural biomaterials, as well as integrated with recently developed, advanced 3D-printable biomaterials, providing a versatile platform for future multi-biomaterial construct manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Jakus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Monica M Laronda
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexandra S Rashedi
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christina M Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chris Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sumanas W Jordan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Teresa K Woodruff
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ramille N Shah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Divsion of Organ Transplantation, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Emerging advancements in liver regeneration and organogenesis as tools for liver replacement. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 21:581-587. [PMID: 27755169 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although the liver possesses a unique, innate ability to regenerate through mass compensation, transplantation remains the only therapy when damage outpaces regeneration, or liver metabolic capacity is irreversibly impacted. Recent insight from developmental biology has greatly influenced the advancement of alternative options to transplantation in these settings. RECENT FINDINGS Factors known to direct liver cell specification, expansion, and differentiation have been used to generate hepatocyte-like cells from stem and somatic cells for developing cell therapies. Additionally, interactions between hepatic epithelial and nonepithelial cells key to establishing hepatic architecture have been used in tissue engineering approaches to advance self-organizing hepatic organoids and bioartificial liver devices. Simultaneously, recent clinically applicable advances in human hepatocyte transplantation and promotion of innate hepatic regeneration have been limited. SUMMARY Although mature hepatocytes have the potential to bridge to, or replace whole organ transplantation, limits in the ability to obtain healthy cells, stabilize in-vitro expansion, cryopreserve, and alleviate rejection, still exist. Alternative sources for generating hepatocytes hold promise for cell therapy and tissue engineering. These may allow generation of autologous or universal donor cells that eliminate the need for immunosuppression; however, limits exist regarding hepatocyte maturity and efficacy at liver repopulation, as well as applicability to human chronic liver disease.
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Kuljanin M, Brown CFC, Raleigh MJ, Lajoie GA, Flynn LE. Collagenase treatment enhances proteomic coverage of low-abundance proteins in decellularized matrix bioscaffolds. Biomaterials 2017; 144:130-143. [PMID: 28829951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in the application of advanced proteomic techniques to characterize decellularized tissues in order to develop a deeper understanding of the effects of the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) composition on the cellular response to these pro-regenerative bioscaffolds. However, the identification of proteins in ECM-derived bioscaffolds is hindered by the high abundance of collagen in the samples, which can interfere with the detection of lower-abundance constituents that may be important regulators of cell function. To address this limitation, we developed a novel multi-enzyme digestion approach using treatment with a highly-purified collagenase derived from Clostridium Histolyticum to selectively deplete collagen from ECM-derived protein extracts, reducing its relative abundance from up to 90% to below 10%. Moreover, we applied this new method to characterize the proteome of human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT), human decellularized cancellous bone (DCB), and commercially-available bovine tendon collagen (BTC). We successfully demonstrated with all three sources that collagenase treatment increased the depth of detection and enabled the identification of a variety of signaling proteins that were masked by collagen in standard digestion protocols with trypsin/LysC, increasing the number of proteins identified in the DAT by ∼2.2 fold, the DCB by ∼1.3 fold, and the BTC by ∼1.6 fold. In addition, quantitative proteomics using label-free quantification demonstrated that the DAT and DCB extracts were compositionally distinct, and identified a number of adipogenic and osteogenic proteins that were consistently more highly expressed in the DAT and DCB respectively. Overall, we have developed a new processing method that may be applied in advanced mass spectrometry studies to improve the high-throughput proteomic characterization of bioscaffolds derived from mammalian tissues. Further, our study provides new insight into the complex ECM composition of two human decellularized tissues of interest as cell-instructive platforms for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Kuljanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Cody F C Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Matthew J Raleigh
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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Grant R, Hay DC, Callanan A. A Drug-Induced Hybrid Electrospun Poly-Capro-Lactone: Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix Scaffold for Liver Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:650-662. [PMID: 28437180 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplant is the only treatment option for patients with end-stage liver failure, however, there are too few donor livers available for transplant. Whole organ tissue engineering presents a potential solution to the problem of rapidly escalating donor liver shortages worldwide. A major challenge for liver tissue engineers is the creation of a hepatocyte microenvironment; a niche in which liver cells can survive and function optimally. While polymers and decellularized tissues pose an attractive option for scaffold manufacturing, neither alone has thus far proved sufficient. This study exploited cell's native extracellular matrix (ECM) producing capabilities using two different histone deacetylase inhibitors, and combined these with the customizability and reproducibility of electrospun polymer scaffolds to produce a "best of both worlds" niche microenvironment for hepatocytes. The resulting hybrid poly-capro-lactone (PCL)-ECM scaffolds were validated using HepG2 hepatocytes. The hybrid PCL-ECM scaffolds maintained hepatocyte growth and function, as evidenced by metabolic activity and DNA quantitation. Mechanical testing revealed little significant difference between scaffolds, indicating that cells were responding to a biochemical and topographical profile rather than mechanical changes. Immunohistochemistry showed that the biochemical profile of the drug-derived and nondrug-derived ECMs differed in ratio of Collagen I, Laminin, and Fibronectin. Furthermore, the hybrid PCL-ECM scaffolds influence the gene expression profile of the HepG2s drastically; with expression of Albumin, Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Polypeptide 1, Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Polypeptide 2, Cytochrome P450 Family 3 Subfamily A Polypeptide 4, Fibronectin, Collagen I, and Collagen IV undergoing significant changes. Our results demonstrate that drug-induced hybrid PCL-ECM scaffolds provide a viable, translatable platform for creating a niche microenvironment for hepatocytes, supporting in vivo phenotype and function. These scaffolds offer great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies for whole organ tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Grant
- 1 Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hay
- 2 MRC Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Callanan
- 1 Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Seetapun D, Ross JJ. Eliminating the organ transplant waiting list: The future with perfusion decellularized organs. Surgery 2017; 161:1474-1478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mattei G, Magliaro C, Pirone A, Ahluwalia A. Decellularized Human Liver Is Too Heterogeneous for Designing a Generic Extracellular Matrix Mimic Hepatic Scaffold. Artif Organs 2017; 41:E347-E355. [PMID: 28543403 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized human livers are considered the perfect extracellular matrix (ECM) surrogate because both three-dimensional architecture and biological features of the hepatic microenvironment are thought to be preserved. However, donor human livers are in chronically short supply, both for transplantation or as decellularized scaffolds, and will become even scarcer as life expectancy increases. It is hence of interest to determine the structural and biochemical properties of human hepatic ECM to derive design criteria for engineering biomimetic scaffolds. The intention of this work was to obtain quantitative design specifications for fabricating scaffolds for hepatic tissue engineering using human livers as a template. To this end, hepatic samples from five patients scheduled for hepatic resection were decellularized using a protocol shown to reproducibly conserve matrix composition and microstructure in porcine livers. The decellularization outcome was evaluated through histological and quantitative image analyses to evaluate cell removal, protein, and glycosaminoglycan content per unit area. Applying the same decellularization protocol to human liver samples obtained from five different patients yielded five different outcomes. Only one liver out of five was completely decellularized, while the other four showed different levels of remaining cells and matrix. Moreover, protein and glycosaminoglycan content per unit area after decellularization were also found to be patient- (or donor-) dependent. This donor-to-donor variability of human livers thus precludes their use as templates for engineering a generic "one-size fits all" ECM-mimic hepatic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Brännström M. Uterus transplantation and beyond. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:70. [PMID: 28357688 PMCID: PMC5371630 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5872-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Uterus transplantation is today the only available treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility which is caused by either congenital/surgical uterine absence or that a present uterus is non-functioning. Structured animal-based research, from rodents to nonhuman primates, was the scientific basis for a successful introduction of uterus transplantation as a clinical procedure. The patient groups for uterus transplantation, the preclinical research and data from the published human cases will be covered herein. During recent years the concept of bioengineering of organs and tissues has emerged. Creation of a bioengineered uterus is in the initial research state, with experiments performed in rodents. The research that has been performed to create a bioengineered uterus will be summarized. In conclusion, uterus transplantation is now a clinical experimental procedure for treatment of uterine factor infertility. In parallel to the establishment of this combined assisted reproduction technique and transplantation procedure as a routine clinical procedure, we predict that uterus bioengineering will develop further towards introduction within the human setting, but that this process will take several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden and Stockholm IVF, Stockholm, Sweden.
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