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Gornostaeva AN, Bobyleva PI, Andreeva ER, Gogiya BS, Buravkova LB. Alteration of PBMC transcriptome profile after interaction with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells under "physiological" hypoxia. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152766. [PMID: 38091798 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated a pronounced immunosuppressive activity, the manifestation of which depends on the microenvironmental factors, including O2 level. Here we examined the effects of MSCs on transcriptomic profile of allogeneic phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after interaction at ambient (20%) or "physiological" hypoxia (5%) O2. As revealed with microarray analysis, PBMC transcriptome at 20% O2 was more affected, which was manifested as differential expression of more than 300 genes, whereas under 5% O2 220 genes were changed. Most of genes at 20% O2 were downregulated, while at hypoxia most of genes were upregulated. Altered gene patterns were only partly overlapped at different O2 levels. A set of altered genes at hypoxia only was of particular interest. According to Gene Ontology a part of above genes was responsible for adhesion, cell communication, and immune response. At both oxygen concentrations, MSCs demonstrated effective immunosuppression manifested as attenuation of T cell activation and proliferation as well as anti-inflammatory shift of cytokine profile. Thus, MSC-mediated immunosuppression is executed with greater efficacy at a "physiological" hypoxia, since the same result has been achieved through a change in the expression of a fewer genes in target PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gornostaeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia.
| | - P I Bobyleva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - E R Andreeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - B Sh Gogiya
- Department of Herniology and Plastic Surgery, A. V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya Str, 27, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - L B Buravkova
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoye shosse 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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Ko E, Yoon T, Lee Y, Kim J, Park YB. ADSC secretome constrains NK cell activity by attenuating IL-2-mediated JAK-STAT and AKT signaling pathway via upregulation of CIS and DUSP4. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:329. [PMID: 37964351 PMCID: PMC10648656 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic effects on autoimmune diseases through their secreted factors, referred to as the secretome. However, the specific key factors of the MSC secretome and their mechanisms of action in immune cells have not been fully determined. Most in vitro experiments are being performed using immune cells, but experiments using natural killer (NK) cells have been neglected, and a few studies using NK cells have shown discrepancies in results. NK cells are crucial elements of the immune system, and adjustment of their activity is essential for controlling various pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) secretome on NK cell activity. METHODS To obtain the ADSC secretome, we cultured ADSCs in medium and concentrated the culture medium using tangential flow filtration (TFF) capsules. We assessed NK cell viability and proliferation using CCK-8 and CFSE assays, respectively. We analyzed the effects of the ADSC secretome on NK cell activity and pathway-related proteins using a combination of flow cytometry, ELISA, cytotoxicity assay, CD107a assay, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. To identify the composition of the ADSC secretome, we performed LC-MS/MS profiling and bioinformatics analysis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, we used mRNA sequencing to profile the transcriptional expression of human blood NK cells. RESULTS The ADSC secretome was found to restrict IL-2-mediated effector function of NK cells while maintaining proliferative potency. This effect was achieved through the upregulation of the inhibitory receptor CD96, as well as downregulation of activating receptors and IL-2 receptor subunits IL-2Rα and IL-2Rγ. These changes were associated with attenuated JAK-STAT and AKT pathways in NK cells, which were achieved through the upregulation of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS, encoded by Cish) and dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4). Furthermore, proteomic analysis revealed twelve novel candidates associated with the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a detailed cellular outcome and regulatory mechanism of NK cell activity by the ADSC secretome and suggest a therapeutic tool for treating NK-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases using the MSC secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Ko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Yoon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Kim
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Liu T, Guo S, Ji Y, Zhu W. Role of cancer-educated mesenchymal stromal cells on tumor progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115405. [PMID: 37660642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is the main cause of human deaths worldwide. Current therapies focusing on the tumor itself have achieved unprecedented benefits. Various pro-tumorigenic factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) could abolish the effect of cancer therapy. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are one of the substantial components in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to tumor progression. However, MSCs are not inherently tumor-promoting. Indeed, they acquire pro-tumorigenic properties under the education of the TME. We herein review how various elements in the TME including tumor cells, immune cells, pro-inflammatory factors, hypoxia, and extracellular matrix influence the biological characteristics of MSCs through complex interactions and demonstrate the underlying mechanisms. We also highlight the importance of tumor-associated mesenchymal stromal cells (TA-MSCs) in promoting tumor progression. Our review gives a new insight into the TA-MSCs as a potential tumor therapeutic target. It is anticipated that subverting MSCs education will facilitate the outbreak of therapeutic strategies against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Shuwei Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Xu W, Yang Y, Li N, Hua J. Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells during Bone Injury Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14484. [PMID: 37833933 PMCID: PMC10572976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractures are the most common large organ trauma in humans. The initial inflammatory response promotes bone healing during the initial post-fracture phase, but chronic and persistent inflammation due to infection or other factors does not contribute to the healing process. The precise mechanisms by which immune cells and their cytokines are regulated in bone healing remain unclear. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cellular therapy of bone injuries is a novel clinical treatment approach. Bone progenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but also interact with the immune system to promote the healing process. We review in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system and bone marrow MSCs in bone healing and their interactions. A deeper understanding of this paradigm may provide clues to potential therapeutic targets in the healing process, thereby improving the reliability and safety of clinical applications of MSCs to promote bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Li
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (W.X.); (Y.Y.)
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Pochon C, Laroye C, Kimmoun A, Reppel L, Dhuyser A, Rousseau H, Gauthier M, Petitpain N, Chabot JF, Valentin S, de Carvalho Bittencourt M, Peres M, Aarnink A, Decot V, Bensoussan D, Gibot S. Efficacy of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells infusions in moderate to severe SARS-Cov-2 related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a phase 2a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1224865. [PMID: 37706025 PMCID: PMC10495568 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1224865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused a wave of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a high in-hospital mortality, especially in patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Wharton Jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (WJ-MSCs) may counteract the pulmonary damage induced by the SARS-CoV-2 infection through pro-angiogenic effects, lung epithelial cell protection, and immunomodulation. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial, adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 induced moderate or severe ARDS were assigned to receive 1 intravenous infusion of 1 × 106 WJ-MSCs/kg or placebo within 48 h of invasive ventilation followed by 2 infusions of 0.5 × 106 WJ-MSCs/kg or placebo over 5 days. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with a PaO2/FiO2 > 200 on day 10. Results Thirty patients were included from November 2020 to May 2021, 15 in the WJ-MSC group and 15 in the placebo group. We did not find any significant difference in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at day 10, with 18 and 15% of WJ-MSCs and placebo-treated patients reaching a ratio >200, respectively. Survival did not differ in the 2 groups with a 20% mortality rate at day 90. While we observed a higher number of ventilation-free days at 28 days in the WJ-MSC arm, this difference was not statistically significant (median of 11 (0-22) vs. 0 (0-18), p = 0.2). The infusions were well tolerated, with a low incidence of anti-HLA alloimmunization after 90 days. Conclusion While treatment with WJ-MSCs appeared safe and feasible in patients with SARS-CoV2 moderate or severe ARDS in this phase 2a trial, the treatment was not associated with an increased percentage of patients with P/F > 200 at 10d, nor did 90 day mortality improve in the treated group. Clinical trial registration https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04625738, identifier NCT04625738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Pochon
- CHRU-Nancy, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Nancy, France
- Team 6 IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Laroye
- Team 6 IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et banque de tissus, Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Kimmoun
- CHRU-Nancy, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Loic Reppel
- Team 6 IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et banque de tissus, Nancy, France
| | - Adéle Dhuyser
- CHRU-Nancy, HLA and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Nancy, France
| | - Hélène Rousseau
- CHRU-Nancy, Département Méthodologie, Promotion, Investigation, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Mélanie Gauthier
- Team 6 IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et banque de tissus, Nancy, France
| | - Nadine Petitpain
- CHRU-Nancy, Département de Pharmacovigilance, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-François Chabot
- CHRU-Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | - Simon Valentin
- CHRU-Nancy, Pôle des Spécialités Médicales/Département de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Nancy, France
| | | | - Michael Peres
- CHRU-Nancy, HLA and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Nancy, France
| | - Alice Aarnink
- Team 6 IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, HLA and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Nancy, France
| | - Véronique Decot
- Team 6 IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et banque de tissus, Nancy, France
| | - Danièle Bensoussan
- Team 6 IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et banque de tissus, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Gibot
- CHRU-Nancy, Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Central, Nancy, France
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Zhao W, Zhang H, Liu R, Cui R. Advances in Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosome on Immune Cells in Scar Formation. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3643-3662. [PMID: 37427367 PMCID: PMC10327916 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s412717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological scars are the result of over-repair and excessive tissue proliferation of the skin injury. It may cause serious dysfunction, resulting in psychological and physiological burdens on the patients. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) displayed a promising therapeutic effect on wound repair and scar attenuation. But the regulatory mechanisms are opinions vary. In view of inflammation has long been proven as the initial factor of wound healing and scarring, and the unique immunomodulation mechanism of MSC-Exo, the utilization of MSC-Exo may be promising therapeutic for pathological scars. However, different immune cells function differently during wound repair and scar formation. The immunoregulatory mechanism of MSC-Exo would differ among different immune cells and molecules. Herein, this review gave a comprehensive summary of MSC-Exo immunomodulating different immune cells in wound healing and scar formation to provide basic theoretical references and therapeutic exploration of inflammatory wound healing and pathological scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongtao Cui
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Yang G, Fan X, Liu Y, Jie P, Mazhar M, Liu Y, Dechsupa N, Wang L. Immunomodulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1214-1231. [PMID: 37058201 PMCID: PMC10103048 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as highly promising cells for allogeneic cell therapy, owing to their multipotent nature and ability to display potent and varied functions in different diseases. The functions of MSCs, including native immunomodulation, high self-renewal characteristic, and secretory and trophic properties, can be employed to improve the immune-modulatory functions in diseases. MSCs impact most immune cells by directly contacting and/or secreting positive microenvironmental factors to influence them. Previous studies have reported that the immunomodulatory role of MSCs is basically dependent on their secretion ability from MSCs. This review discusses the immunomodulatory capabilities of MSCs and the promising strategies to successfully improve the potential utilization of MSCs in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pingping Jie
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Maryam Mazhar
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Charvátová S, Motais B, Czapla J, Cichoń T, Smolarczyk R, Walek Z, Giebel S, Hájek R, Bagó JR. Novel Local "Off-the-Shelf" Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Myeloma Bone Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030448. [PMID: 36766789 PMCID: PMC9914109 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloma bone disease (MBD) is one of the major complications in multiple myeloma (MM)-the second most frequent hematologic malignancy. It is characterized by the formation of bone lesions due to the local action of proliferating MM cells, and to date, no effective therapy has been developed. In this study, we propose a novel approach for the local treatment of MBD with a combination of natural killer cells (NKs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within a fibrin scaffold, altogether known as FINM. The unique biological properties of the NKs and MSCs, joined to the injectable biocompatible fibrin, permitted to obtain an efficient "off-the-shelf" ready-to-use composite for the local treatment of MBD. Our in vitro analyses demonstrate that NKs within FINM exert a robust anti-tumor activity against MM cell lines and primary cells, with the capacity to suppress osteoclast activity (~60%) within in vitro 3D model of MBD. Furthermore, NKs' post-thawing cytotoxic activity is significantly enhanced (~75%) in the presence of MSCs, which circumvents the decrease of NKs cytotoxicity after thawing, a well-known issue in the cryopreservation of NKs. To reduce the tumor escape, we combined FINM with other therapeutic agents (bortezomib (BZ), and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)), observing a clear therapeutic synergistic effect in vitro. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of FINM in combination with BZ and TRAIL was assessed in a mouse model of MM, achieving 16-fold smaller tumors compared to the control group without treatment. These results suggest the potential of FINM to serve as an allogeneic "off-the-shelf" approach to improve the outcomes of patients suffering from MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Charvátová
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Motais
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 70100 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zuzana Walek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Giebel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Hájek
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Juli R. Bagó
- Department of Haematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-(05)-97372092
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Rivera-Cruz CM, Figueiredo ML. Evaluation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell Toll-like receptor priming and effects on interaction with prostate cancer cells. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:33-45. [PMID: 36257875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a multipotent cell population of clinical interest because of their ability to migrate to injury and tumor sites, where they may participate in tissue repair and modulation of immune response. Although the processes regulating MSC function are incompletely understood, it has been shown that stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can alter MSC activity. More specifically, it has been reported that human bone marrow-derived MSCs can be "polarized" by TLR priming into contrasting immunomodulatory functions, with opposite (supportive or suppressive) roles in tumor progression and inflammation. Adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) represent a promising alternative MSC subpopulation for therapeutic development because of their relative ease of isolation and higher abundance compared with their bone marrow-derived counterparts; however, the polarization of ASCs remains unreported. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic and functional consequences of short-term, low-level stimulation of ASCs with TLR3 and TLR4 agonists. RESULTS In these assays, we identified transient gene expression changes resembling the reported pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory MSC phenotypes. Furthermore, these priming strategies led to changes in the functional properties of ASCs, affecting their ability to migrate and modulate immune-mediated responses to prostate cancer cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS TLR3 stimulation significantly decreased ASC migration, and TLR4 stimulation increased ASC immune-mediated killing potential against prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosette M Rivera-Cruz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Marxa L Figueiredo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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Boland L, Bitterlich LM, Hogan AE, Ankrum JA, English K. Translating MSC Therapy in the Age of Obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943333. [PMID: 35860241 PMCID: PMC9289617 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has seen increased attention as a possible option to treat a number of inflammatory conditions including COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As rates of obesity and metabolic disease continue to rise worldwide, increasing proportions of patients treated with MSC therapy will be living with obesity. The obese environment poses critical challenges for immunomodulatory therapies that should be accounted for during development and testing of MSCs. In this review, we look to cancer immunotherapy as a model for the challenges MSCs may face in obese environments. We then outline current evidence that obesity alters MSC immunomodulatory function, drastically modifies the host immune system, and therefore reshapes interactions between MSCs and immune cells. Finally, we argue that obese environments may alter essential features of allogeneic MSCs and offer potential strategies for licensing of MSCs to enhance their efficacy in the obese microenvironment. Our aim is to combine insights from basic research in MSC biology and clinical trials to inform new strategies to ensure MSC therapy is effective for a broad range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Boland
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Laura Melanie Bitterlich
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: James A. Ankrum, ; Karen English,
| | - Karen English
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth, Ireland
- *Correspondence: James A. Ankrum, ; Karen English,
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11
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Wang S, Lei B, Zhang E, Gong P, Gu J, He L, Han L, Yuan Z. Targeted Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes: From Basic to Clinics. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1757-1781. [PMID: 35469174 PMCID: PMC9034888 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s355366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial and physiological process, but there are a number of inflammatory diseases which have detrimental effects on the body. In addition, the drugs used to treat inflammation have toxic side effects when used over a long period of time. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues and can be differentiate into diverse cell types under appropriate conditions. They also exhibit noteworthy anti-inflammatory properties, providing new options for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is currently being investigated for various inflammatory diseases, such as kidney injury, lung injury, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MSCs can perform multiple functions, including immunomodulation, homing, and differentiation, to enable damaged tissues to form a balanced inflammatory and regenerative microenvironment under severe inflammatory conditions. In addition, accumulated evidence indicates that exosomes from extracellular vesicles of MSCs (MSC-Exos) play an extraordinary role, mainly by transferring their components to recipient cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and clinical trials of MSCs and MSC-Exos in various inflammatory diseases in detail, with a view to contributing to the treatment of MSCs and MSC-Exos in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biyu Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Officers College of People’s Armed Police, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610213, People’s Republic of China
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhixiang Yuan; Lu Han, Email ;
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12
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Sharma A, Gupta S, Archana S, Verma RS. Emerging Trends in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Current Status and Advances. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1546-1602. [PMID: 35122226 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible myocardium infarction is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related death and its quantum is expected to grow in coming years. Pharmacological intervention has been at the forefront to ameliorate injury-related morbidity and mortality. However, its outcomes are highly skewed. As an alternative, stem cell-based tissue engineering/regenerative medicine has been explored quite extensively to regenerate the damaged myocardium. The therapeutic modality that has been most widely studied both preclinically and clinically is based on adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) delivered to the injured heart. However, there is debate over the mechanistic therapeutic role of MSC in generating functional beating cardiomyocytes. This review intends to emphasize the role and use of MSC in cardiac regenerative therapy (CRT). We have elucidated in detail, the various aspects related to the history and progress of MSC use in cardiac tissue engineering and its multiple strategies to drive cardiomyogenesis. We have further discussed with a focus on the various therapeutic mechanism uncovered in recent times that has a significant role in ameliorating heart-related problems. We reviewed recent and advanced technologies using MSC to develop/create tissue construct for use in cardiac regenerative therapy. Finally, we have provided the latest update on the usage of MSC in clinical trials and discussed the outcome of such studies in realizing the full potential of MSC use in clinical management of cardiac injury as a cellular therapy module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Archana
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Wang Y, Qi Z, Yan Z, Ji N, Yang X, Gao D, Hu L, Lv H, Zhang J, Li M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: A Novel Intervention Mechanism in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:742088. [PMID: 35096808 PMCID: PMC8790228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.742088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the member of multipotency stem cells, which possess the capacity for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and have several characteristics, including multi-lineage differentiation potential and immune regulation, which make them a promising source for cell therapy in inflammation, immune diseases, and organ transplantation. In recent years, MSCs have been described as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases because they are potent modulators of immune system with the ability to modulating immune cell subsets, coordinating local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby enabling the formation of a stable inflammatory microenvironment in damaged cardiac tissues. In this review, the immunoregulatory characteristics and potential mechanisms of MSCs are sorted out, the effect of these MSCs on immune cells is emphasized, and finally the application of this mechanism in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is described to provide help for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwen Qi
- Institute of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Ji
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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14
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Arabpour E, Khoshdel S, Tabatabaie N, Akhgarzad A, Zangiabadian M, Nasiri MJ. Stem Cells Therapy for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:737590. [PMID: 34912818 PMCID: PMC8666565 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.737590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccination seems to be a good solution for preventing and controlling coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, but still there are some challenges in COVID-19 vaccination. Investigating new therapeutic options for COVID-19 is necessary. The current study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cells in treating patients with COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the relevant scientific literature published up to April 1, 2021. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI was assessed using a fixed or random-effect model. We considered P < 0.05 as statistically significant for publication bias. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, Version 2.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Results: After reviewing 1,262 records, we identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that stem cell therapy could significantly reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.471, 95% CI: 0.270–0.821) and morbidity (RR 0.788, 95% CI: 0.626–0.992) in patients with COVID-19; compared with the control group. Conclusions: The present study suggests that stem cell therapy has a remarkable effect on reducing mortality and morbidity of patients with COVID-19. Further large-scale studies are needed to approve these results. Defining a protocol for stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19 can lead to achieving the best clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Arabpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Khoshdel
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Tabatabaie
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akhgarzad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Zangiabadian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Ehnert S, Relja B, Schmidt-Bleek K, Fischer V, Ignatius A, Linnemann C, Rinderknecht H, Huber-Lang M, Kalbitz M, Histing T, Nussler AK. Effects of immune cells on mesenchymal stem cells during fracture healing. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1667-1695. [PMID: 34909117 PMCID: PMC8641016 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, bone is considered an osteoimmune system which encompasses functions of a locomotive organ, a mineral reservoir, a hormonal organ, a stem cell pool and a cradle for immune cells. This osteoimmune system is based on cooperatively acting bone and immune cells, cohabitating within the bone marrow. They are highly interdependent, a fact that is confounded by shared progenitors, mediators, and signaling pathways. Successful fracture healing requires the participation of all the precursors, immune and bone cells found in the osteoimmune system. Recent evidence demonstrated that changes of the immune cell composition and function may negatively influence bone healing. In this review, first the interplay between different immune cell types and osteoprogenitor cells will be elaborated more closely. The separate paragraphs focus on the specific cell types, starting with the cells of the innate immune response followed by cells of the adaptive immune response, and the complement system as mediator between them. Finally, a brief overview on the challenges of preclinical testing of immune-based therapeutic strategies to support fracture healing will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Institute of Health Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Caren Linnemann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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16
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Yang C, Sun J, Tian Y, Li H, Zhang L, Yang J, Wang J, Zhang J, Yan S, Xu D. Immunomodulatory Effect of MSCs and MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714832. [PMID: 34603289 PMCID: PMC8481702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune connective tissue disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and MSC derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and contribute to the immune homeostasis in SLE. The effects of MSCs and EVs on SLE have been drawing more and more attention during the past few years. This article reviews the immunomodulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of MSC/MSC-EVs in SLE, which provides novel insight into understanding SLE pathogenesis and guiding the biological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianmei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Chemistry, Food and Drug, Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Tian
- Material Procurement Office of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinghan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shushan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Diseases Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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17
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Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Roudkenar MH, Langerodi HZ, Roushandeh AM. Taming of Covid-19: potential and emerging application of mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:253-298. [PMID: 33776206 PMCID: PMC7982879 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has turned out to cause a pandemic, with a sky scraping mortality. The virus is thought to cause tissue injury by affecting the renin-angiotensin system. Also, the role of the over-activated immune system is noteworthy, leading to severe tissue injury via the cytokine storms. Thus it would be feasible to modulate the immune system response in order to attenuate the disease severity, as well as treating the patients. Today different medicines are being administered to the patients, but regardless of the efficacy of these treatments, adverse effects are pretty probable. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prove to be an effective candidate for treating the patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia, owing to their immunomodulatory and tissue-regenerative potentials. So far, several experiments have been conducted; transplanting MSCs and results are satisfying with no adverse effects being reported. This paper aims to review the recent findings regarding the novel coronavirus and the conducted experiments to treat patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia utilizing MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Habib Zayeni Langerodi
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center (GRRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Anatomical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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18
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Tang WY, Liu JH, Peng CJ, Liao Y, Luo JS, Sun X, Tang YL, Luo XQ. Functional Characteristics and Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:7. [PMID: 33713197 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare, heterogeneous autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease that affects both sexes and all races, although this disease exhibits its highest incidence/prevalence among the black population and shows a predilection for women of reproductive age. Although SLE has no cure, treatment can help decrease its signs and symptoms. Thus, we should focus primarily on personalized treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, among other cell types, are potential candidates for use in a promising strategy to treat severe and refractory SLE. MSCs have an immunomodulatory function that can suppress the proliferation and activities of many immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Substantial progress has recently been made in MSC therapy, and experimental and clinical data suggest that such a therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of severe and refractory SLE. In this review, we highlight the effects of MSCs on different immune cell types, describe the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated immunoregulation, and discuss the treatment of SLE with MSCs from different sources in various animal models and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Hua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Jin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Liao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Si Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Soudi A, Yazdanian M, Ranjbar R, Tebyanian H, Yazdanian A, Tahmasebi E, Keshvad A, Seifalian A. Role and application of stem cells in dental regeneration: A comprehensive overview. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:454-489. [PMID: 33746673 PMCID: PMC7975587 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a growing attention has been observed toward potential advantages of stem cell (SC)-based therapies in regenerative treatments. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are now considered excellent candidates for tissue replacement therapies and tissue engineering. Autologous MSCs importantly contribute to the state-of-the-art clinical strategies for SC-based alveolar bone regeneration. The donor cells and immune cells play a prominent role in determining the clinical success of MSCs therapy. In line with the promising future that stem cell therapy has shown for tissue engineering applications, dental stem cells have also attracted the attention of the relevant researchers in recent years. The current literature review aims to survey the variety and extension of SC-application in tissue-regenerative dentistry. In this regard, the relevant English written literature was searched using keywords: "tissue engineering", "stem cells", "dental stem cells", and "dentistry strategies". According to the available database, SCs application has become increasingly widespread because of its accessibility, plasticity, and high proliferative ability. Among the growing recognized niches and tissues containing higher SCs, dental tissues are evidenced to be rich sources of MSCs. According to the literature, dental SCs are mostly present in the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle tissues. In this regard, the present review has described the recent findings on the potential of dental stem cells to be used in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Soudi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdanian
- Department of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Keshvad
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
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20
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Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in both military and civilian populations. Given the complexity and diversity of traumatic injuries, novel and individualized treatment strategies are required to optimize outcomes. Cellular therapies have potential benefit for the treatment of acute or chronic injuries, and various cell-based pharmaceuticals are currently being tested in preclinical studies or in clinical trials. Cellular therapeutics may have the ability to complement existing therapies, especially in restoring organ function lost due to tissue disruption, prolonged hypoxia or inflammatory damage. In this article we highlight the current status and discuss future directions of cellular therapies for the treatment of traumatic injury. Both published research and ongoing clinical trials are discussed here.
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21
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Gugjoo MB, Hussain S, Amarpal, Shah RA, Dhama K. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Immuno-Modulatory and Anti- Inflammatory Mechanisms in Immune and Allergic Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 14:3-14. [PMID: 32000656 PMCID: PMC7509741 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x14666200130100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are present in almost all the tissues of the body and act as the backbone of the internal tissue homeostasis. Among their various characteristic features, immuno-modulatory and/ anti-inflammatory properties play an important role in therapeutics. Objective: The current topic focuses on the characterization and immuno-modulatory and/ anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs. To present and discuss the current status of MSCs immuno-modulatory properties. Methods: Available literature on MSCs properties and patents have been detailed, critically interpreted, and discussed based upon available literature. The main focus has been on their characteristic immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties though some of the basic characterization markers have also been detailed. The databases searched for the literature include PubMed, Med Line, PubMed Central, Science Direct and a few other scientific databases. Results: MSCs are present in a very limited concentration in the tissues, and as such their culture expansion becomes imperative. MSCs immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory roles are achieved through direct cell-cell contact and / by the release of certain factors. Such properties are controlled by micro-environment upon which currently very limited control can be exerted. Besides, further insights in the xeno-protein free culture media as against the fetal bovine serum is required. Conclusion: MSCs have been well-isolated, cultured and characterized from numerous tissues of the body. The majority of the studies have shown MSCs as immuno-compromised with immunomodulatory and / or anti-inflammatory properties except some of the latest studies that have failed to achieve the desired results and thus, demand further research. Further research is required in the area to translate the results into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir B Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, Shuhama, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, Shuhama, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz A Shah
- Divison of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, Shuhama, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICARIndian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Thirlwell KL, Colligan D, Mountford JC, Samuel K, Bailey L, Cuesta-Gomez N, Hewit KD, Kelly CJ, West CC, McGowan NWA, Casey JJ, Graham GJ, Turner ML, Forbes S, Campbell JDM. Pancreas-derived mesenchymal stromal cells share immune response-modulating and angiogenic potential with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and can be grown to therapeutic scale under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:762-771. [PMID: 32828673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues are under investigation as cellular therapeutics in a wide range of diseases. It is appreciated that the basic biological functions of MSCs vary depending on tissue source. However, in-depth comparative analyses between MSCs isolated from different tissue sources under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions are lacking. Human clinical-grade low-purity islet (LPI) fractions are generated as a byproduct of islet isolation for transplantation. MSC isolates were derived from LPI fractions with the aim of performing a systematic, standardized comparative analysis of these cells with clinically relevant bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM MSCs). METHODS MSC isolates were derived from LPI fractions and expanded in platelet lysate-supplemented medium or in commercially available xenogeneic-free medium. Doubling rate, phenotype, differentiation potential, gene expression, protein production and immunomodulatory capacity of LPIs were compared with those of BM MSCs. RESULTS MSCs can be readily derived in vitro from non-transplanted fractions resulting from islet cell processing (i.e., LPI MSCs). LPI MSCs grow stably in serum-free or platelet lysate-supplemented media and demonstrate in vitro self-renewal, as measured by colony-forming unit assay. LPI MSCs express patterns of chemokines and pro-regenerative factors similar to those of BM MSCs and, importantly, are equally able to attract immune cells in vitro and in vivo and suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro. Additionally, LPI MSCs can be expanded to therapeutically relevant doses at low passage under GMP conditions. CONCLUSIONS LPI MSCs represent an alternative source of GMP MSCs with functions comparable to BM MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh L Thirlwell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK; Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Colligan
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne C Mountford
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kay Samuel
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura Bailey
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kay D Hewit
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK; Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J Kelly
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Neil W A McGowan
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John J Casey
- Transplant Unit, National Islet Transplant Programme, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marc L Turner
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shareen Forbes
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Transplant Unit, National Islet Transplant Programme, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John D M Campbell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK; Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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23
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The Immunomodulatory Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Retinal Inflammatory Environment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:880-891. [PMID: 31863334 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degenerative disorders are characterized by a local upregulation of inflammatory factors, infiltration with cells of the immune system, a vascular dysfunction and by the damage of retinal cells. There is still a lack of treatment protocols for these diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy using immunoregulatory, regenerative and differentiating properties of MSCs offers a promising treatment option. In this study, we analyzed the immunomodulatory properties of mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs after their intravitreal delivery to the inflammatory environment in the eye, caused by the application of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ. The intravitreal administration of these cytokines induces an increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as IL-1α, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor in the retina. However, a significant decrease in the expression of genes for all these pro-inflammatory molecules was observed after the intravitreal injection of MSCs. We further showed that an increased infiltration of the retina with immune cells, mainly with macrophages, which was observed after pro-inflammatory cytokine application, was significantly reduced after the intravitreal application of MSCs. The similar immunosuppressive effects of MSCs were also demonstrated in vitro in cultures of cytokine-stimulated retinal explants and MSCs. Overall, the results show that intravitreal application of MSCs inhibits the early retinal inflammation caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and propose MSCs as a promising candidate for stem cell-based therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Widowati W, Jasaputra DK, Sumitro SB, Widodo MA, Mozef T, Rizal R, Kusuma HSW, Laksmitawati DR, Murti H, Bachtiar I, Faried A. Effect of interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-18) on receptors activation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in breast cancer cell. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:822-832. [PMID: 33163049 PMCID: PMC7609126 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Metastasis in BC is caused by immunosurveillance deficiency, such NK cell maturation, low NK activity and decreasing cytotoxicity. This study was performed to improve activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells using interleukins (ILs). METHODS Human recombinant IL-2, -15, and -18 were used to induce NK cells. We measured the activating and inhibiting receptors, proliferation activity of NK cells, and the cytotoxicity of NK cells on BC cells (MCF7). The effects of ILs were tested on the NK cell receptors CD314, CD158a and CD107a with flowcytometry, proliferation at various incubation times with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ by NK cells with ELISA. RESULTS ILs increased NK cell receptor levels (CD314, CD158a, and CD107a) at 24 hours of incubation. ILs increased NK cell viability, which increased with longer incubation. Moreover, ILs-induced NK cells inhibited proliferation in MCF7 cells, as well as increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion. CONCLUSION IL-2, IL-15, and IL-18 improved activating receptors and proliferation of NK cells. IL-induced NK cells increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion and cytotoxic activity on BC cells. High NK cell numbers increased BC cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Widowati
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Diana K Jasaputra
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman B Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145 East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad A Widodo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tjandrawati Mozef
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Rizal Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Sari W Kusuma
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dian R Laksmitawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan 12640, Indonesia
| | - Harry Murti
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl A Yani no 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Indra Bachtiar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl A Yani no 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Faried
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
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An Experimental Study Comparing the Expansion of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer (NK) Cells Cultured with Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells, in the Presence or Absence of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:306-315. [PMID: 32193710 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. The main challenge for the success of this approach is to obtain a great quantity of activated NK cells for adoptive transfer. The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. NK cells were obtained from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers. NK expansion and activation were stimulated by culture with artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) and IL-2, in the presence or absence of BM-MSCs. NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. Both culture conditions showed high NK purity with predominance of NK CD56brightCD16+ subset post expansion. However, cultures without the presence of MSCs showed higher NK proliferation, expression of activation markers (CD16 and NKG2D) and related cytotoxic activity. In this experimental study, the presence of a feeder layer of irradiated BM-MSCs interfered negatively in the expansion of PB-NKs, limiting their growth and activation. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms of NK-MSC interaction and its implications.
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Henze K, Herten M, Haversath M, Busch A, Brandau S, Hackel A, Flohé SB, Jäger M. Surgical vacuum filter-derived stromal cells are superior in proliferation to human bone marrow aspirate. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 31753037 PMCID: PMC6868799 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During joint replacement, surgical vacuum suction guarantees a sufficient overview on the situs. We assume high concentrations of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on surgical vacuum filters. We compared the in vitro proliferative and differentiation potency of cells from the following: (i) bone marrow (BM), (ii) cancellous bone (CB), (iii) vacuum filter (VF), and (iv) cell saver filtrate reservoir (SF) in 32 patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. Methods Mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated, and cell proliferation and colony-forming units (CFU) were measured. Adherent cells were characterized by flow cytometry for MSC surface markers. Cells were incubated with osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic stimuli. Cells were cytochemically stained and osteoblastic expression (RUNX-2, ALP, and BMP-2) investigated via qPCR. Results Dependent on the source, initial MNC amount as well as CFU number was significantly different whereas generation time did not vary significantly. CFU numbers from VF were superior to those from SR, BM, and CB. The resulting amount of MSC from the respective source was highest in the vacuum filter followed by reservoir, aspirate, and cancellous bone. Cells from all groups could be differentiated into the three mesenchymal lines demonstrating their stemness nature. However, gene expression of osteoblastic markers did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion We conclude that surgical vacuum filters are able to concentrate tissue with relevant amounts of MSCs. A new potent source of autologous regeneration material with clinical significance is identified. Further clinical studies have to elucidate the regenerative potential of this material in an autologous setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Henze
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Herten
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Haversath
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - André Busch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hackel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie B Flohé
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Duisburg Essen & St. Marien Hospital Mülheim an der Ruhr / Contilia, Kaiserstrasse 50, 45468, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Jiang W, Xu J. Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12712. [PMID: 31730279 PMCID: PMC6985662 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues with multipotent and self‐renewal abilities. The characteristics of presenting no major ethical concerns, having low immunogenicity and possessing immune modulation functions make MSCs promising candidates for stem cell therapies. MSCs could promote inflammation when the immune system is underactivated and restrain inflammation when the immune system is overactivated to avoid self‐overattack. These cells express many immune suppressors to switch them from a pro‐inflammatory phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, resulting in immune effector cell suppression and immune suppressor cell activation. We would discuss the mechanisms governing the immune modulation function of these cells in this review, especially the immune‐suppressive effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Hu CHD, Kosaka Y, Marcus P, Rashedi I, Keating A. Differential Immunomodulatory Effects of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Natural Killer Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:933-943. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Donna Hu
- Cell Therapy Translational Research Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoko Kosaka
- Cell Therapy Translational Research Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula Marcus
- Cell Therapy Translational Research Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iran Rashedi
- Cell Therapy Translational Research Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armand Keating
- Cell Therapy Translational Research Laboratory, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan M, Merimi M, Burny A, Bron D, Fayyad-Kazan H, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Natural Killer Cells: A Complex Story of Love and Hate. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:14-21. [PMID: 30207245 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180912125736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), characterized by both multidifferentiation potential and potent immunomodulatory capacity, represent a promising, safe and powerful cell based-therapy for repairing tissue damage and/or treating diseases associated with aberrant immune responses. Natural killer (NK) cells are granular lymphocytes of the innate immune system that function alone or in combination with other immune cells to combat both tumors and virally infected cells. After their infusion, MSCs are guided by host inflammatory elements and can interact with different immune cells, particularly those of the innate immune system. Although some breakthroughs have been achieved in understanding these interactions, much remains to be determined. In this review, we discuss the complex interactions between NK cells and MSCs, particularly the importance of improving the therapeutic value of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Arsène Burny
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent tissue stem cells that differentiate into a number of mesodermal tissue types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myofibroblasts. MSCs were originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) of humans and other mammals, but recent studies have shown that they are multilineage progenitors in various adult organs and tissues. MSCs that localize at perivascular sites function to rapidly respond to external stimuli and coordinate with the vascular and immune systems to accomplish the wound healing process. Cancer, considered as wounds that never heal, is also accompanied by changes in MSCs that parallels the wound healing response. MSCs are now recognized as key players at distinct steps of tumorigenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of MSCs in wound healing and cancer progression with the goal of providing insight into the development of novel MSC-manipulating strategies for clinical cancer treatment.
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Kleinertz H, Hepner-Schefczyk M, Ehnert S, Claus M, Halbgebauer R, Boller L, Huber-Lang M, Cinelli P, Kirschning C, Flohé S, Sander A, Waydhas C, Vonderhagen S, Jäger M, Dudda M, Watzl C, Flohé SB. Circulating growth/differentiation factor 15 is associated with human CD56 bright natural killer cell dysfunction and nosocomial infection in severe systemic inflammation. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:380-391. [PMID: 30992245 PMCID: PMC6557805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation induced by sterile or infectious insults is associated with an enhanced susceptibility to life-threatening opportunistic, mostly bacterial, infections due to unknown pathogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the defence against bacterial infections through the release of Interferon (IFN) γ in response to Interleukin (IL) 12. Considering the relevance of NK cells in the immune defence we investigated whether the function of NK cells is disturbed in patients suffering from serious systemic inflammation. Methods NK cells from severely injured patients were analysed from the first day after the initial inflammatory insult until the day of discharge in terms of IL-12 receptor signalling and IFN-γ synthesis. Findings During systemic inflammation, the expression of the IL-12 receptor β2 chain, phosphorylation of signal transducer and activation 4, and IFN-γ production on/in NK cells was impaired upon exposure to Staphylococcus aureus. The profound suppression of NK cells developed within 24 h after the initial insult and persisted for several weeks. NK cells displayed signs of exhaustion. Extrinsic changes were mediated by the early and long-lasting presence of growth/differentiation factor (GDF) 15 in the circulation that signalled through the transforming growth factor β receptor I and activated Smad1/5. Moreover, the concentration of GDF-15 in the serum inversely correlated with the IL-12 receptor β2 expression on NK cells and was enhanced in patients who later acquired septic complications. Interpretation GDF-15 is associated with the development of NK cell dysfunction during systemic inflammation and might represent a novel target to prevent nosocomial infections. Fund The study was supported by the Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kleinertz
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Monika Hepner-Schefczyk
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maren Claus
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, IfADo, TU-Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Boller
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sascha Flohé
- Department of Hand- and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Dusseldorf, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - André Sander
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Waydhas
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja Vonderhagen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Dudda
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, IfADo, TU-Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefanie B Flohé
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Durand N, Russell A, Zubair AC. Effect of Comedications and Endotoxins on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretomes, Migratory and Immunomodulatory Capacity. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040497. [PMID: 30979082 PMCID: PMC6517980 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are becoming an increasingly popular therapeutic option among patients with a broad range of ailments to modulate immunity and induce regeneration. The majority of patients receiving these MSC therapies are on concurrent medication or have ongoing infection. In the present study, we examined the effect of immunosuppressive drugs and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/endotoxins on the secretory profile, migration towards site of injury, and suppression of lymphocyte proliferation of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs). Generally, LPS coculture augmented the secretory capacity of BMSCs while exposure to immunosuppressive drugs resulted primarily in no change or attenuated secretion, with some cases of increased secretion, dependent on the cytokine assayed. Among the immunosuppressants evaluated, Hydrocortisone had the most widespread inhibitory effect, while LPS from E. coli O111:B4 had the most potent stimulatory effect. In addition, we also showed that Hydrocortisone or LPS from E. coli O111:B4 affected the migratory and immunosuppressive capacity of BMSCs. Following simulation with Hydrocortisone, BMSC migration was attenuated, and immunosuppressive capacity against T cell proliferation was enhanced, however, the opposite effects were seen with LPS from E. coli O111:B4. Our data suggests that the clinical outcomes of MSC-based therapy are affected by the use of immunosuppressive medication or the presence of endotoxemia in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Durand
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Nourian Dehkordi A, Mirahmadi Babaheydari F, Chehelgerdi M, Raeisi Dehkordi S. Skin tissue engineering: wound healing based on stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:111. [PMID: 30922387 PMCID: PMC6440165 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal wound healing is a dynamic and complex multiple phase process involving coordinated interactions between growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and various cells. Any failure in these phases may lead wounds to become chronic and have abnormal scar formation. Chronic wounds affect patients' quality of life, since they require repetitive treatments and incur considerable medical costs. Thus, much effort has been focused on developing novel therapeutic approaches for wound treatment. Stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies have been proposed to treat these wounds. They have shown considerable potential for improving the rate and quality of wound healing and regenerating the skin. However, there are many challenges for using stem cells in skin regeneration. In this review, we present some sets of the data published on using embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells in healing wounds. Additionally, we will discuss the different angles whereby these cells can contribute to their unique features and show the current drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Nourian Dehkordi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirahmadi Babaheydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Laminarin enhances the activity of natural killer cells in immunosuppressed mice. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:357-363. [PMID: 32140046 PMCID: PMC7050051 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of laminarin on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of immunosuppressive mice and its mechanism. Cyclophosphamide (cy) was used to make an immunosuppressive model of mice. The mice of two groups were given interventions by gavage with laminarin 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg every day for 10 days. MACS was adopted to isolate spleen NK cells, and cytotoxicity of NK cells and IL-12, IFN-γ level in serum were detected in vivo. Cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells, activating receptors (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and NKG2D) and perforin and granzyme B expression were detected in vitro. Compared to the normal control group, the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ level in serum in the cy model group were all reduced significantly (p < 0.01). Compared to the cy model group, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in serum significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity, NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B expressions of NK92-MI cells (p < 0.01). This research showed that laminarin can promote NK cell cytotoxicity in immunosuppressive mice by increasing the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in serum and expressions of NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B.
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Poltavtseva RA, Poltavtsev AV, Lutsenko GV, Svirshchevskaya EV. Myths, reality and future of mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:563-574. [PMID: 30456646 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy represents an alternative approach for tissue regeneration and inflammation control. In spite of a huge amount of preclinical data that has been accumulated on the therapeutic properties of MSCs, there are many conflicting results, possibly due to differences in the properties of MSCs obtained from different sources or underestimated mechanisms of MSC in vivo behavior. This review consolidates the in vivo effects of MSC therapy, discusses the fate of MSCs after intravascular and local delivery and proposes possible trends in MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Poltavtseva
- Federal State Budget Institution "Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology" Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Oparin St, 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997
| | - A V Poltavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya St, 16/10, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997
| | - G V Lutsenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya St, 16/10, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997
| | - E V Svirshchevskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya St, 16/10, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117997.
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Current Status of Canine Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8329174. [PMID: 30123294 PMCID: PMC6079340 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8329174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has prompted the expansion of veterinary medicine both experimentally and clinically, with the potential to contribute to contemporary treatment strategies for various diseases and conditions for which limited or no therapeutic options are presently available. Although the application of various types of stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs), and umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), has promising potential to improve the health of different species, it is crucial that the benefits and drawbacks are completely evaluated before use. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of stem cells; nonetheless, isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from UCB presents technical challenges. Although MSCs have been isolated from UCB of diverse species such as human, equine, sheep, goat, and canine, there are inherent limitations of using UCB from these species for the expansion of MSCs. In this review, we investigated canine UCB (cUCB) and compared it with UCB from other species by reviewing recent articles published from February 2003 to June 2017 to gain an understanding of the limitations of cUCB in the acquisition of MSCs and to determine other suitable sources for the isolation of MSCs from canine. Our review indicates that cUCB is not an ideal source of MSCs because of insufficient volume and ethical issues. However, canine reproductive organs discarded during neutering may help broaden our understanding of effective isolation of MSCs. We recommend exploring canine reproductive and adipose tissue rather than UCB to fulfill the current need in veterinary medicine for the well-designed and ethically approved source of MSCs.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Immunomodulation: Properties and Clinical Application. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3057624. [PMID: 30013600 PMCID: PMC6022321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3057624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells characterized by self-renewal, production of clonal cell populations, and multilineage differentiation. They exist in nearly all tissues and play a significant role in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs possess wide immunoregulatory properties via interaction with immune cells in both innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to immunosuppression of various effector functions. Numerous bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs, particularly cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, exert autocrine/paracrine effects that modulate the physiological processes of MSCs. These invaluable virtues of MSCs provide new insight into potential treatments for tissue damage and inflammation. In particular, their extensive immunosuppressive properties are being explored for promising therapeutic application in immune disorders. Recently, clinical trials for MSC-mediated therapies have rapidly developed for immune-related diseases following reports from preclinical studies declaring their therapeutic safety and efficacy. Though immunotherapy of MSCs remains controversial, these clinical trials pave the way for their widespread therapeutic application in immune-based diseases. In this review, we will summarize and update the latest research findings and clinical trials on MSC-based immunomodulation.
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Cassano JM, Schnabel LV, Goodale MB, Fortier LA. Inflammatory licensed equine MSCs are chondroprotective and exhibit enhanced immunomodulation in an inflammatory environment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:82. [PMID: 29615127 PMCID: PMC5883371 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory licensed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to promote functional tissue repair. This study specifically sought to understand how the recipient tissue environment reciprocally affects MSC function. Inflammatory polarized macrophages, modeling an injured tissue environment, were exposed to licensed MSCs, and the resultant effects of MSC immunomodulation and functionality of the MSC secretome on chondrocyte homeostasis were studied. Methods Inflammatory licensed MSCs were generated through priming with either IFN-γ or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Macrophages were polarized to an inflammatory phenotype using IFN-γ. Licensed MSCs were co-cultured with inflammatory macrophages and immunomodulation of MSCs was assessed in a T-cell proliferation assay. MSC gene expression was analyzed for changes in immunogenicity (MHC-I, MHC-II), immunomodulation (IDO, PTGS2, NOS2, TGF-β1), cytokine (IL-6, IL-8), and chemokine (CCL2, CXCL10) expression. Macrophages were assessed for changes in cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and chemokine (CCL2, CXCL10) expression. Conditioned medium representing the secretome from IFN-γ or poly I:C-primed MSCs was applied to IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes, which were analyzed for catabolic (IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL10, MMP-13, PTGS2) and matrix synthesis (ACAN, COL2A1) genes. Results IFN-γ-primed MSCs had a superior ability to suppress T-cell proliferation compared to naïve MSCs, and this ability was maintained following exposure to proinflammatory macrophages. In naïve and licensed MSCs exposed to inflammatory macrophages, MHC-I and MHC-II gene expression was upregulated. The secretome from licensed MSCs was chondroprotective and downregulated inflammatory gene expression in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Conclusions In-vitro inflammatory licensing agents enhanced the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs exposed to inflammatory macrophages, and the resultant secretome was biologically active, protecting chondrocytes from catabolic stimulation. Use of licensing agents produced a more consistent immunomodulatory MSC population compared to exposure to inflammatory macrophages. The clinical implications of this study are that in-vitro licensing prior to therapeutic application could result in a more predictable immunomodulatory and reparative response to MSC therapy compared to in-vivo inflammatory licensing by the recipient environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0840-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cassano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Margaret B Goodale
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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40
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Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan M, Meuleman N, Bron D, Fayyad-Kazan H, Lagneaux L. Immunological impact of Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells and natural killer cell co-culture. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 447:111-124. [PMID: 29380244 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to their easier isolation, multilineage potential, and immunomodulatory capacity, Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) exhibit promising efficacy in the field of regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. Characterization of WJ-MSCs-natural killer (NK) cells crosstalk is required for ameliorating the medicinal value of WJ-MSCs. Here, we revealed that the outcome of WJ-MSCs-NK cells crosstalk varied according to the type of cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-21) utilized to activate NK cells. Differently activated NK cells exerted distinct cytotoxicities against WJ-MSCs causing their probable death. Cell surface ligands (CD112, CD155, ULPB-3) and receptors (LAIR, CD226, CD314, CD335, CD336 and CD337) governing the interaction between NK cells and their targets, exhibited altered expression profiles following the co-culture with WJ-MSCs. Although partly inhibited NK cell proliferation, WJ-MSCs enhanced activated NK-cell-mediated secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Moreover, WJ-MSCs reinforced NK cells' degranulation as well as secretion of perforin and granzymes. On the other hand, WJ-MSCs displayed only slight increase in ROS generation but significant decrease in A1 and C1 serpins expression following co-culture with activated NK cells. Altogether, our results highlight that WJ-MSCs-NK cells interaction may affect both cell type features and, therefore, their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121, Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.,Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121, Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.,Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121, Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan M, Meuleman N, Bron D, Fayyad-Kazan H, Lagneaux L. Immunomodulatory effects of foreskin mesenchymal stromal cells on natural killer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5243-5254. [PMID: 29194614 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Foreskin-mesenchymal stromal cells (FSK-MSCs) are immune-privileged thus making them valuable immunotherapeutic cell product. Characterization of the relationship between FSK-MSCs and natural killer (NK) cells is essential to improve cell-based therapy. In the present study, we studied for the first time FSK-MSCs-NK interaction and showed that the result of such cross talk was robustly dependent on the type of cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-21) employed to activate NK cells. Distinctly activated-NK cells showed uneven cytotoxicity against FSK-MSCs, triggering their death in fine. The expression of different cell-surface ligands (CD112, CD155, ULPB-3) and receptors (LAIR, KIRs) ensuring such interaction was altered following co-culture of both populations. Despite their partial negative effect on NK cell proliferation, FSK-MSCs boosted the capacity of activated NK-cells to secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α. Moreover, FSK-MSCs enhanced degranulation of NK cells, reinforced secretion of perforin and granzymes, while only modestly increased ROS production. On the other hand, FSK-MSCs-mediated expression of C1 and B9 serpins was significantly lowered in the presence of activated NK cells. Altogether, our results highlight major immunological changes following FSK-MSCs-NK interaction. Understanding these outcomes will therefore enhance the value of the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.,Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.,Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan M, Meuleman N, Bron D, Fayyad-Kazan H, Lagneaux L. Mesenchymal stromal cells of the bone marrow and natural killer cells: cell interactions and cross modulation. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:673-688. [PMID: 29350342 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have shown promise for several different therapeutic applications. As they are able to modulate the function of several types of immune cells, BM-MSCs are highly important in the field of cell-based immunotherapy. Understanding BM-MSC-natural killer (NK) cell interactions is crucial for improving their therapeutic efficiency. Here, we observed that the type of NK cell-activating cytokine (e.g., IL-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-21) strongly influenced the outcomes of their interactions with BM-MSCs. The expression patterns of the ligands (CD112, CD155, ULPB-3) and receptors (LAIR, NCR) mediating the cross-talk between BM-MSCs and NK cells were critically modulated following co-culture. BM-MSCs partially impaired NK cell proliferation but up-regulated their secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α. As they are cytotoxic, activated NK cells induced the killing of BM-MSCs. Indeed, BM-MSCs triggered the degranulation of NK cells and increased their release of perforin and granzymes. Interestingly, activated NK cells induced ROS generation within BM-MSCs that caused their decreased viability and reduced expression of serpin B9. Collectively, our observations reveal that BM-MSC-NK cell interactions may impact the immunobiology of both cell types. The therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs will be significantly improved once these issues are well characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121, Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.,Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121, Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.,Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121, Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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Hassan G, Kasem I, Soukkarieh C, Aljamali M. A Simple Method to Isolate and Expand Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Using Explant Method and Umbilical Cord Blood Serum. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:184-192. [PMID: 28844128 PMCID: PMC5741200 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated from umbilical cords and are therapeutically used because of their ability to differentiate into various types of cells, in addition to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), considered as the standard additive when isolating and culturing MSCs, has a major limitation related to its animal origin. Here, we employed a simple and economically efficient protocol to isolate MSCs from human umbilical cord tissues without using digestive enzymes and replacing FBS with umbilical cord blood serum (CBS). Methods and Results MSCs were isolated by culturing umbilical cord pieces in CBS or FBS supplemented media. Expansion and proliferation kinetics of cells isolated by explant method in the presence of either FBS or CBS were measured, with morphology and multi-differentiation potential of expanded cells characterized by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. MSCs maintained morphology, immunophenotyping, multi-differentiation potential, and self-renewal ability, with better proliferation rates for cells cultured in CBS compared to FBS supplement media. Conclusions We here present a simple, reliable and efficient method to isolate MSCs from umbilical cord tissues, where cells maintained proliferation, differentiation potential and immunophenotyping properties and could be efficiently expanded for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Issam Kasem
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
| | - Majd Aljamali
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,National Commission for Biotechnology (NCBT), Damascus, Syria
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Li N, Hua J. Interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and the immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2345-2360. [PMID: 28214990 PMCID: PMC11107583 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being multi-potent, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory functions that have been investigated as potential treatments in various immune disorders. MSCs can robustly interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, either through direct cell-cell contact or through their secretome. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding the interplay between MSCs and different immune cell subsets. We also draw attention to the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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45
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Xu C, Fu F, Li X, Zhang S. Mesenchymal stem cells maintain the microenvironment of central nervous system by regulating the polarization of macrophages/microglia after traumatic brain injury. Int J Neurosci 2017; 127:1124-1135. [PMID: 28464695 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1325884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are regarded as promising candidates for cell replacement therapies, are able to regulate immune responses after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary immune response following the mechanical injury is the essential factor leading to the necrosis and apoptosis of neural cells during and after the cerebral edema has subsided and there is lack of efficient agent that can mitigate such neuroinflammation in the clinical application. By means of three molecular pathways (prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor-necrosis-factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), and progesterone receptor (PR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR)), MSCs induce the activation of macrophages/microglia and drive them polarize into the M2 phenotypes, which inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes tissue repair and nerve regeneration. The regulation of MSCs and the polarization of macrophages/microglia are dynamically changing based on the inflammatory environment. Under the stimulation of platelet lysate (PL), MSCs also promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, the statue of macrophages/microglia exerts significant effects on the survival, proliferation, differentiation and activation of MSCs by changing the niche of cells. They form positive feedback loops in maintaining the homeostasis after TBI to relieving the secondary injury and promoting tissue repair. MSC therapies have obtained great achievements in several central nervous system disease clinical trials, which will accelerate the application of MSCs in TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- a Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital , Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin 300162 , China
| | - Feng Fu
- a Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital , Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin 300162 , China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- a Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital , Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin 300162 , China
| | - Sai Zhang
- a Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital , Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin 300162 , China
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46
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex chronic relapsing inflammatory disease. Although the exact mechanism remains unknown, it is commonly accepted that the development of psoriasis is a result of multi-system interactions among the epidermis, dermis, blood vessels, immune system, neuroendocrine system, metabolic system, and hematopoietic system. Many cell types have been confirmed to participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Here, we review the stem cell abnormalities related to psoriasis that have been investigated recently.
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