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Barcena AJR, Ravi P, Kundu S, Tappa K. Emerging Biomedical and Clinical Applications of 3D-Printed Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Devices and Delivery Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:705. [PMID: 39061787 PMCID: PMC11273440 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is widely used in the field of medicine due to its biocompatibility, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. Three-dimensional (3D) printing or the systematic deposition of PLA in layers has enabled the fabrication of customized scaffolds for various biomedical and clinical applications. In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 3D-printed PLA has been mostly used to generate bone tissue scaffolds, typically in combination with different polymers and ceramics. PLA's versatility has also allowed the development of drug-eluting constructs for the controlled release of various agents, such as antibiotics, antivirals, anti-hypertensives, chemotherapeutics, hormones, and vitamins. Additionally, 3D-printed PLA has recently been used to develop diagnostic electrodes, prostheses, orthoses, surgical instruments, and radiotherapy devices. PLA has provided a cost-effective, accessible, and safer means of improving patient care through surgical and dosimetry guides, as well as enhancing medical education through training models and simulators. Overall, the widespread use of 3D-printed PLA in biomedical and clinical settings is expected to persistently stimulate biomedical innovation and revolutionize patient care and healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan John R. Barcena
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Prashanth Ravi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Taheri M, Tehrani HA, Dehghani S, Alibolandi M, Arefian E, Ramezani M. Nanotechnology and bioengineering approaches to improve the potency of mesenchymal stem cell as an off-the-shelf versatile tumor delivery vehicle. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1596-1661. [PMID: 38299924 DOI: 10.1002/med.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeting actionable mutations in oncogene-driven cancers and the evolution of immuno-oncology are the two prominent revolutions that have influenced cancer treatment paradigms and caused the emergence of precision oncology. However, intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity are the main challenges in both fields of precision cancer treatment. In other words, finding a universal marker or pathway in patients suffering from a particular type of cancer is challenging. Therefore, targeting a single hallmark or pathway with a single targeted therapeutic will not be efficient for fighting against tumor heterogeneity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess favorable characteristics for cellular therapy, including their hypoimmune nature, inherent tumor-tropism property, straightforward isolation, and multilineage differentiation potential. MSCs can be loaded with various chemotherapeutics and oncolytic viruses. The combination of these intrinsic features with the possibility of genetic manipulation makes them a versatile tumor delivery vehicle that can be used for in vivo selective tumor delivery of various chemotherapeutic and biological therapeutics. MSCs can be used as biofactory for the local production of chemical or biological anticancer agents at the tumor site. MSC-mediated immunotherapy could facilitate the sustained release of immunotherapeutic agents specifically at the tumor site, and allow for the achievement of therapeutic concentrations without the need for repetitive systemic administration of high therapeutic doses. Despite the enthusiasm evoked by preclinical studies that used MSC in various cancer therapy approaches, the translation of MSCs into clinical applications has faced serious challenges. This manuscript, with a critical viewpoint, reviewed the preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated MSCs as a selective tumor delivery tool in various cancer therapy approaches, including gene therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Then, the novel nanotechnology and bioengineering approaches that can improve the potency of MSC for tumor targeting and overcoming challenges related to their low localization at the tumor sites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdul Tehrani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Wang Y, Wen J, Lu T, Han W, Jiao K, Li H. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone-Related Diseases: Intercellular Communication Messengers and Therapeutic Engineering Protagonists. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3233-3257. [PMID: 38601346 PMCID: PMC11005933 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s441467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can deliver various bioactive molecules among cells, making them promising diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives in diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have shown therapeutic potential similar to MSCs but with drawbacks such as lower yield, reduced biological activities, off-target effects, and shorter half-lives. Improving strategies utilizing biotechniques to pretreat MSCs and enhance the properties of released EVs, as well as modifying MSC-EVs to enhance targeting abilities and achieve controlled release, shows potential for overcoming application limitations and enhancing therapeutic effects in treating bone-related diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in functionalizing MSC-EVs to treat bone-related diseases. Firstly, we underscore the significance of MSC-EVs in facilitating crosstalk between cells within the skeletal environment. Secondly, we highlight strategies of functional-modified EVs for treating bone-related diseases. We explore the pretreatment of stem cells using various biotechniques to enhance the properties of resulting EVs, as well as diverse approaches to modify MSC-EVs for targeted delivery and controlled release. Finally, we address the challenges and opportunities for further research on MSC-EVs in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Han P, Raveendran N, Liu C, Basu S, Jiao K, Johnson N, Moran CS, Ivanovski S. 3D bioprinted small extracellular vesicles from periodontal cells enhance mesenchymal stromal cell function. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 158:213770. [PMID: 38242057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that combining 3D bioprinting and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) offers a promising 'cell-free' regenerative medicine approach for various tissue engineering applications. Nonetheless, the majority of existing research has focused on bioprinting of sEVs sourced from cell lines. There remains a notable gap in research regarding the bioprinting of sEVs derived from primary human periodontal cells and their potential impact on ligamentous and osteogenic differentiation. Here, we investigated the effect of 3D bioprinted periodontal cell sEVs constructs on the differentiation potential of human buccal fat pad-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBFP-MSCs). Periodontal cell-derived sEVs were enriched by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with particle-shaped morphology, and characterized by being smaller than 200 nm in size and CD9/CD63/CD81 positive, from primary human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). The sEVs were then 3D bioprinted in 10 % gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) via microextrusion bioprinting. Release of sEVs from bioprinted constructs was determined by DiO-labelling and confocal imaging, and CD9 ELISA. Attachment and ligament/osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of hBFP-MSCs was assessed on bioprinted GelMA, without and with sEVs (GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs and GelMA/hGFs-sEVs), scaffolds. hBFP-MSCs seeded on the bioprinted sEVs constructs spread well with significantly enhanced focal adhesion, mechanotransduction associated gene expression, and ligament and osteogenesis/cementogenesis differentiation markers in GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs, compared to GelMA/hGFs-sEVs and GelMA groups. A 2-week osteogenic and ligamentous differentiation showed enhanced ALP staining, calcium formation and toluidine blue stained cells in hBFP-MSCs on bioprinted GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs constructs compared to the other two groups. The proof-of-concept data from this study supports the notion that 3D bioprinted GelMA/hPDLCs-sEVs scaffolds promote cell attachment, as well as ligamentous, osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation, of hBFP-MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Nimal Raveendran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Saraswat Basu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kexin Jiao
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Nigel Johnson
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Kouhi M, de Souza Araújo IJ, Asa'ad F, Zeenat L, Bojedla SSR, Pati F, Zolfagharian A, Watts DC, Bottino MC, Bodaghi M. Recent advances in additive manufacturing of patient-specific devices for dental and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Dent Mater 2024; 40:700-715. [PMID: 38401992 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Customization and the production of patient-specific devices, tailoring the unique anatomy of each patient's jaw and facial structures, are the new frontiers in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. As a technological advancement, additive manufacturing has been applied to produce customized objects based on 3D computerized models. Therefore, this paper presents advances in additive manufacturing strategies for patient-specific devices in diverse dental specialties. METHODS This paper overviews current 3D printing techniques to fabricate dental and maxillofacial devices. Then, the most recent literature (2018-2023) available in scientific databases reporting advances in 3D-printed patient-specific devices for dental and maxillofacial applications is critically discussed, focusing on the major outcomes, material-related details, and potential clinical advantages. RESULTS The recent application of 3D-printed customized devices in oral prosthodontics, implantology and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, and endodontics are presented. Moreover, the potential application of 4D printing as an advanced manufacturing technology and the challenges and future perspectives for additive manufacturing in the dental and maxillofacial area are reported. SIGNIFICANCE Additive manufacturing techniques have been designed to benefit several areas of dentistry, and the technologies, materials, and devices continue to be optimized. Image-based and accurately printed patient-specific devices to replace, repair, and regenerate dental and maxillofacial structures hold significant potential to maximize the standard of care in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Kouhi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Isaac J de Souza Araújo
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lubna Zeenat
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Sri Sai Ramya Bojedla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Fattahi N, Gorgannezhad L, Masoule SF, Babanejad N, Ramazani A, Raoufi M, Sharifikolouei E, Foroumadi A, Khoobi M. PEI-based functional materials: Fabrication techniques, properties, and biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103119. [PMID: 38447243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have recently attracted considerable interest as research breakthroughs for various industrial and biomedical applications. They are particularly interesting due to their highly positive charges, acceptable physicochemical properties, and ability to undergo further modifications, making them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. Polyethyleneimines (PEIs), as the most extensively utilized polymers, are one of the valuable and prominent classes of polycations. Owing to their flexible polymeric chains, broad molecular weight (MW) distribution, and repetitive structural units, their customization for functional composites is more feasible. The specific beneficial attributes of PEIs could be introduced by purposeful functionalization or modification, long service life, biocompatibility, and distinct geometry. Therefore, PEIs have significant potential in biotechnology, medicine, and bioscience. In this review, we present the advances in PEI-based nanomaterials, their transfection efficiency, and their toxicity over the past few years. Furthermore, the potential and suitability of PEIs for various applications are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review aims to inspire readers to investigate innovative approaches for the design and development of next-generation PEI-based nanomaterials possessing cutting-edge functionalities and appealing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Lena Gorgannezhad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shabnam Farkhonde Masoule
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifikolouei
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Ponnaiyan D, Rughwani RR, Victor DJ, Shetty G. Stem Cells in the Periodontium-Anatomically Related Yet Physiologically Diverse. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:1-13. [PMID: 36588293 PMCID: PMC10959637 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex chronic disease discernible by the deterioration of periodontal tissue. The goal of periodontal therapy is to achieve complete tissue regeneration, and one of the most promising treatment options is to harness the regenerative potential of stem cells available within the periodontal complex. Periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival mesenchymal stem cells, oral periosteal stem cells, and dental follicle stem cells have structural similarities, but their immunological responses and features differ. The qualities of diverse periodontal stem cells, their immune-modulatory effects, and variances in their phenotypes and characteristics will be discussed in this review. Although there is evidence on each stem cell population in the periodontium, understanding the differences in markers expressed, the various research conducted so far on their regenerative potential, will help in understanding which stem cell population will be a better candidate for tissue engineering. The possibility of selecting the most amenable stem cell population for optimal periodontal regeneration and the development and current application of superior tissue engineering treatment options such as autologous transplantation, three-dimensional bioengineered scaffolds, dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ponnaiyan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roshan R. Rughwani
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhayanand John Victor
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Shetty
- Dental and Orthodontic Clinic, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Pasini C, Pandini S, Ramorino G, Sartore L. Tailoring the properties of composite scaffolds with a 3D-Printed lattice core and a bioactive hydrogel shell for tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106305. [PMID: 38096608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The optimal performance of scaffolds for tissue engineering relies on a proper combination of their constituent biomaterials and on the design of their structure. In this work, composite scaffolds with a core-shell architecture are realized by grafting a gelatin-chitosan hydrogel onto a 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) core, aiming in particular at bone regeneration. This hydrogel was recently found to sustain osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells, leading to new bone tissue formation. Here, the integration with rigid PLA lattice structures provides improved mechanical support and finer control of strength and stiffness. The core is prepared by fused deposition modeling with the specific aim to study several lattice structures and thereby better tune the scaffold mechanical properties. In fact, the core architecture dictates the scaffold strength and stiffness, which are seen to match those of different types of bone tissue. For all lattice types, the hydrogel is found to penetrate throughout the entire core and to present highly interconnected pores for cell colonization. By varying the void volume fraction in the core it is possible to significantly change the bioactive shell content, as well as the mechanical properties, over a wide range of values. Looking for design guidelines, relationships between stiffness/strength and density are here outlined for scaffolds featuring different lattice parameters. Moreover, by acting on the core strut arrangement, scaffolds are reinforced along specific directions, as evaluated under compressive and bending loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pasini
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Pandini
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - G Ramorino
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Sartore
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Taeb S, Rostamzadeh D, Mafi S, Mofatteh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Safari A, Khodamoradi E, Najafi M. Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Crucial Player in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:98-113. [PMID: 36573062 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221226143814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy has spread, and it has made tremendous progress with the advancement of new technology. Immunotherapy, which serves to assist the natural defenses of the body in eradicating cancerous cells, is a remarkable achievement that has revolutionized both cancer research and cancer treatments. Currently, the use of stem cells in immunotherapy is widespread and shares a special characteristic, including cancer cell migration, bioactive component release, and immunosuppressive activity. In the context of cancer, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are rapidly being identified as vital stromal regulators of tumor progression. MSCs therapy has been implicated in treating a wide range of diseases, including bone damage, autoimmune diseases, and particularly hematopoietic abnormalities, providing stem cell-based therapy with an extra dimension. Moreover, the implication of MSCs does not have ethical concerns, and the complications known in pluripotent and totipotent stem cells are less common in MSCs. MSCs have a lot of distinctive characteristics that, when coupled, make them excellent for cellular-based immunotherapy and as vehicles for gene and drug delivery in a variety of inflammations and malignancies. MSCs can migrate to the inflammatory site and exert immunomodulatory responses via cell-to-cell contacts with lymphocytes by generating soluble substances. In the current review, we discuss the most recent research on the immunological characteristics of MSCs, their use as immunomodulatory carriers, techniques for approving MSCs to adjust their immunological contour, and their usages as vehicles for delivering therapeutic as well as drugs and genes engineered to destroy tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sahar Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
- Lincoln College, University of Oxford, Turl Street, Oxford OX1 3DR, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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11
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Luo H, Birjandi AA, Ren F, Sun T, Sharpe PT, Sun H, An Z. Advances in oral mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in health and disease. Genes Dis 2024; 11:346-357. [PMID: 37588220 PMCID: PMC10425856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-size vesicles secreted naturally by all cells into the extracellular space and have been recognized as important cell-cell mediators in multicellular organisms. EVs contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other cellular components, regulating many basic biological processes and playing an important role in regenerative medicine and diseases. EVs can be traced to their cells of origin and exhibit a similar function. Moreover, EVs demonstrate low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, and fewer side effects, compared to their parent cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most important resource cells for EVs, with a great capacity for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, and play an essential role in stem cell therapy. The mechanism of MSC therapy was thought to be attributed to the differentiation of MSCs after targeted migration, as previously noted. However, emerging evidence shows the previously unknown role of MSC-derived paracrine factors in stem cell therapy. Especially EVs derived from oral tissue MSCs (OMSC-EVs), show more advantages than those of all other MSCs in tissue repair and regeneration, due to their lower invasiveness and easier accessibility for sample collection. Here, we systematically review the biogenesis and biological characteristics of OMSC-EVs, as well as the role of OMSC-EVs in intercellular communication. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic roles of OMSC-EVs in oral and systemic diseases. We highlight the current challenges and future directions of OMSC-EVs to focus more attention on clinical translation. We aim to provide valuable insights for the explorative clinical application of OMSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Luo
- Department of Oral Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Anahid Ahmadi Birjandi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Feilong Ren
- Department of Oral Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Department of Oral Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Paul T. Sharpe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhengwen An
- Department of Oral Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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12
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Olaechea A, Benabdellah K, Vergara-Buenaventura A, Gómez-Melero S, Cafferata EA, Meza-Mauricio J, Padial-Molina M, Galindo-Moreno P. Preclinical Evidence for the Use of Oral Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Regenerative Therapy: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:791-800. [PMID: 37715961 PMCID: PMC10726404 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) therapies has revolutionized personalized medicine, opening up new possibilities for treatment. EVs have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool within this field due to their crucial role in intercellular communication across various cell types and organisms. This systematic review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of oral mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs for bone regeneration, specifically focusing on findings from preclinical models. Sixteen articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected following document analysis. The biological effects of oral MSC-derived EVs predominantly involve the upregulation of proteins associated with angiogenesis, and inflammation resolution, alongside the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, these therapeutic agents have been found to contain a significant quantity of different molecules (proteins, lipids, DNA, microRNAs, etc) further contributing to their modulatory potential. The findings from this systematic review underscore that oral MSC-derived EVs, irrespective of their specific population, have the ability to enhance the osteogenic repair response in maxillary bone or periodontal defects. In summary, this systematic review highlights the promising potential of oral MSC-derived EVs for bone regeneration based on evidence from preclinical models. The comprehensive assessment of their biological effects and the presence of microRNAs underscores their therapeutic significance. These findings support the utilization of oral MSC-derived EVs in enhancing the osteogenic repair response in various maxillary bone or periodontal defects, providing insights into the mechanisms involved and potential therapeutic applications in the field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allinson Olaechea
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario IBS Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sara Gómez-Melero
- Maimonides Biomedical research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Carolinum, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Meza-Mauricio
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Miguel Padial-Molina
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario IBS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario IBS Granada, Granada, Spain
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13
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Liu YC, Lo GJ, Shyu VBH, Tsai CH, Chen CH, Chen CT. Surface Modification of Polylactic Acid Bioscaffold Fabricated via 3D Printing for Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17410. [PMID: 38139240 PMCID: PMC10744214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a promising solution for advanced bone defect reconstruction after severe trauma. In bone tissue engineering, scaffolds in three-dimensional (3D) structures are crucial components for cell growth, migration, and infiltration. The three-dimensional printing technique is well suited to manufacturing scaffolds since it can fabricate scaffolds with highly complex designs under good internal structural control. In the current study, the 3D printing technique was utilized to produce polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds. BMSCs were seeded onto selected scaffolds, either hydrogel-mixed or not, and cultivated in vitro to investigate the osteogenic potential in each group. After osteogenic incubation in vitro, BMSC-seeded scaffolds were implanted onto rat cranium defects, and bone regeneration was observed after 12 weeks. Our results demonstrated that BMSCs were able to seed onto 3D-printed PLA scaffolds under high-resolution observation. Real-time PCR analysis showed their osteogenic ability, which could be further improved after BMSCs were mixed with hydrogel. The in vivo study showed significantly increased bone regeneration when rats' cranium defects were implanted with a hydrogel-mixed BMSC-seeded scaffold compared to the control and those without cell or hydrogel groups. This study showed that 3D-printed PLA scaffolds are a feasible option for BMSC cultivation and osteogenic differentiation. After mixing with hydrogel, BMSC-seeded 3D-printed scaffolds can facilitate bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (G.-J.L.); (V.B.-H.S.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Guan-Jie Lo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (G.-J.L.); (V.B.-H.S.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Victor Bong-Hang Shyu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (G.-J.L.); (V.B.-H.S.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (G.-J.L.); (V.B.-H.S.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (G.-J.L.); (V.B.-H.S.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chien-Tzung Chen
- Division of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Craniofacial Research Center at Taoyuan, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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14
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Yan Z, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xiao S, Gao J. Extracellular vesicle biopotentiated hydrogels for diabetic wound healing: The art of living nanomaterials combined with soft scaffolds. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100810. [PMID: 37810755 PMCID: PMC10550777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds (DWs) pose a major challenge for the public health system owing to their high incidence, complex pathogenesis, and long recovery time; thus, there is an urgent need to develop innovative therapies to accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds. As natural nanovesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rich in sources with low immunogenicity and abundant nutritive molecules and exert potent therapeutic effects on diabetic wound healing. To avoid the rapid removal of EVs, a suitable delivery system is required for their controlled release. Owing to the advantages of high porosity, good biocompatibility, and adjustable physical and chemical properties of hydrogels, EV biopotentiated hydrogels can aid in achieving precise and favorable therapy against diabetic wounds. This review highlights the different design strategies, therapeutic effects, and mechanisms of EV biopotentiated hydrogels. We also discussed the future challenges and opportunities of using EV biopotentiated hydrogels for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yan
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichu Xiao
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang W, Xu Z, Liu M, Cai M, Liu X. Prospective applications of extracellular vesicle-based therapies in regenerative medicine: implications for the use of dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1278124. [PMID: 37936823 PMCID: PMC10627172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1278124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has made remarkable advancements. Recently, researchers have uncovered the exceptional biological features of EVs, highlighting their prospective use as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, innovative drug delivery systems, and standalone therapeutic agents. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells stand out as the most potent source of EVs for clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Owing to their accessibility and capability of undergoing numerous differentiation inductions, dental stem cell-derived EVs (DSC-EVs) offer distinct advantages in the field of tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, it is essential to note that unmodified EVs are currently unsuitable for use in the majority of clinical therapeutic scenarios. Considering the high feasibility of engineering EVs, it is imperative to modify these EVs to facilitate the swift translation of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. The review succinctly presents the known biotherapeutic effects of odontogenic EVs and the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, the current state of functional cargo loading for engineered EVs is critically discussed. For enhancing EV targeting and in vivo circulation time, the review highlights cutting-edge engineering solutions that may help overcome key obstacles in the clinical application of EV therapeutics. By presenting innovative concepts and strategies, this review aims to pave the way for the adaptation of DSC-EVs in regenerative medicine within clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zinan Xu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Liu
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Cai
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Belda-Perez R, Heras S, Cimini C, Romero-Aguirregomezcorta J, Valbonetti L, Colosimo A, Colosimo BM, Santoni S, Barboni B, Bernabò N, Coy P. Advancing bovine in vitro fertilization through 3D printing: the effect of the 3D printed materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1260886. [PMID: 37929185 PMCID: PMC10621798 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1260886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays there is an increasing demand for assisted reproductive technologies due to the growth of infertility problems. Naturally, fertilization occurs in the oviduct, where the oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) secrete many molecules that affect the embryo's metabolism and protect it from oxidative stress. When the OECs are grown in 3D culture systems, they maintain a great part of their functional characteristics, making them an excellent model for in vitro fertilization (IVF) studies. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the suitability of different 3D-printing processes in conjunction with the corresponding set of commercially available biomaterials: extrusion-based processing using polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) and stereolithography or digital-light processing using polyethylene-glycol-diacrylate (PEGDA) with different stiffness (PEGDA500, PEGDA200, PEGDA PhotoInk). All the 3D-printed scaffolds were used to support IVF process in a bovine embryo assay. Following fertilization, embryo development and quality were assessed in terms of cleavage, blastocyst rate at days 7 and 8, total cell number (TCN), inner cell mass/trophectoderm ratio (ICN/TE), and apoptotic cell ratio (ACR). We found a detrimental effect on cleavage and blastocyst rates when the IVF was performed on any medium conditioned by most of the materials available for digital-light processing (PEGDA200, PEGDA500). The observed negative effect could be possibly due to some leaked compound used to print and stabilize the scaffolds, which was not so evident however with PEGDA PhotoInk. On the other hand, all the extrusion-based processable materials did not cause any detrimental effect on cleavage or blastocyst rates. The principal component analysis reveals that embryos produced in presence of 3D-printed scaffolds produced via extrusion exhibit the highest similarity with the control embryos considering cleavage, blastocyst rates, TCN, ICN/TE and ACR per embryo. Conversely, all the photo-cross linkable materials or medium conditioned by PLA, lead to the highest dissimilarities. Since the use of PCL scaffolds, as well as its conditioned medium, bring to embryos that are more similar to the control group. Our results suggest that extrusion-based 3D printing of PCL could be the best option to be used for new IVF devices, possibly including the support of OECs, to enhance bovine embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramses Belda-Perez
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Heras
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Costanza Cimini
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jon Romero-Aguirregomezcorta
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNRIBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Colosimo
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Santoni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Department of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNRIBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Pilar Coy
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Alonso-Fernández I, Haugen HJ, López-Peña M, González-Cantalapiedra A, Muñoz F. Use of 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in preclinical in vivo studies: A systematic review. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:1-21. [PMID: 37454707 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
3D-printed composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. The aim of the study was to systematically review the feasibility of using PLA/bioceramic composite scaffolds manufactured by 3D-printing technologies as bone grafting materials in preclinical in vivo studies. Electronic databases were searched using specific search terms, and thirteen manuscripts were selected after screening. The synthesis of the scaffolds was carried out using mainly extrusion-based techniques. Likewise, hydroxyapatite was the most used bioceramic for synthesizing composites with a PLA matrix. Among the selected studies, seven were conducted in rats and six in rabbits, but the high variability that exists regarding the experimental process made it difficult to compare them. Regarding the results, PLA/Bioceramic composite scaffolds have shown to be biocompatible and mechanically resistant. Preclinical studies elucidated the ability of the scaffolds to be used as bone grafts, allowing bone growing without adverse reactions. In conclusion, PLA/Bioceramics scaffolds have been demonstrated to be a promising alternative for treating bone defects. Nevertheless, more care should be taken when designing and performing in vivo trials, since the lack of standardization of the processes, which prevents the comparison of the results and reduces the quality of the information. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. Since preclinical in vivo studies with animal models represent a mandatory step for clinical translation, the present manuscript analyzed and discussed not only those aspects related to the selection of the bioceramic material, the synthesis of the implants and their characterization. But provides a new approach to understand how the design and perform of clinical trials, as well as the selection of the analysis methods, may affect the obtained results, by covering authors' knowledgebase from veterinary medicine to biomaterial science. Thus, this study aims to systematically review the feasibility of using polylactic acid/bioceramic scaffolds as grafting materials in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alonso-Fernández
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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18
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Alavi MS, Memarpour S, Pazhohan-Nezhad H, Salimi Asl A, Moghbeli M, Shadmanfar S, Saburi E. Applications of poly(lactic acid) in bone tissue engineering: A review article. Artif Organs 2023; 47:1423-1430. [PMID: 37475653 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach to large-scale bone regeneration. This involves the use of an artificial extracellular matrix or scaffold and osteoblasts to promote osteogenesis and ossification at defect sites. Scaffolds are constructed using biomaterials that typically have properties similar to those of natural bone. METHOD In this study, which is a review of the literature, various evidences have been discussed in the field of Poly Lactic acid (PLA) polymer application and modifications made on it in order to induce osteogenesis and repair bone lesions. RESULTS PLA is a synthetic aliphatic polymer that has been extensively used for scaffold construction in bone tissue engineering owing to its good processability, biocompatibility, and flexibility in design. However, PLA has some drawbacks, including low osteoconductivity, low cellular adhesion, and the possibility of inflammatory reactions owing to acidic discharge in a living environment. To overcome these issues, a combination of PLA and other biomaterials has been introduced. CONCLUSIONS This short review discusses PLA's characteristics of PLA, its applications in bone regeneration, and its combination with other biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Sadat Alavi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Memarpour
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Salimi Asl
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soraya Shadmanfar
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Ma Y, Brocchini S, Williams GR. Extracellular vesicle-embedded materials. J Control Release 2023; 361:280-296. [PMID: 37536545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells. EVs are emerging as a promising class of therapeutic entity that could be adapted in formulation due to their lack of immunogenicity and targeting capabilities. EVs have been shown to have similar regenerative and therapeutic effects to their parental cells and also have potential in disease diagnosis. To improve the therapeutic potential of EVs, researchers have developed various strategies for modifying them, including genetic engineering and chemical modifications which have been examined to confer target specificity and prevent rapid clearance after systematic injection. Formulation efforts have focused on utilising hydrogel and nano-formulation strategies to increase the persistence of EV localisation in a specific tissue or organ. Researchers have also used biomaterials or bioscaffolds to deliver EVs directly to disease sites and prolong EV release and exposure. This review provides an in-depth examination of the material design of EV delivery systems, highlighting the impact of the material properties on the molecular interactions and the maintenance of EV stability and function. The various characteristics of materials designed to regulate the stability, release rate and biodistribution of EVs are described. Other aspects of material design, including modification methods to improve the targeting of EVs, are also discussed. This review aims to offer an understanding of the strategies for designing EV delivery systems, and how they can be formulated to make the transition from laboratory research to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Ma
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Trebuňová M, Petroušková P, Balogová AF, Ižaríková G, Horňak P, Bačenková D, Demeterová J, Živčák J. Evaluation of Biocompatibility of PLA/PHB/TPS Polymer Scaffolds with Different Additives of ATBC and OLA Plasticizers. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:412. [PMID: 37623657 PMCID: PMC10455870 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the blends that is usable for 3D printing while not being toxic to cell cultures is the lactic acid (PLA)/polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blend. The addition of plasticizers can change the rate of biodegradation and the biological behavior of the material. In order to evaluate the potential of the PLA/PHB/TPS material in combination with additives (plasticizers: acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and oligomeric lactic acid (OLA)), for use in the field of biomedical tissue engineering, we performed a comprehensive in vitro characterization of selected mixture materials. Three types of materials were tested: I: PLA/PHB/TPS + 25% OLA, II: PLA/PHB/TPS + 30% ATBC, and III: PLA/PHB/TPS + 30% OLA. The assessment of the biocompatibility of the materials included cytotoxicity tests, such as monitoring the viability, proliferation and morphology of cells and their deposition on the surface of the materials. The cell line 7F2 osteoblasts (Mus musculus) was used in the experiments. Based on the test results, the significant influence of plasticizers on the material was confirmed, with their specific proportions in the mixtures. PLA/PHB/TPS + 25% OLA was evaluated as the optimal material for biocompatibility with 7F2 osteoblasts. The tested biomaterials have the potential for further investigation with a possible change in the proportion of plasticizers, which can have a fundamental impact on their biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Trebuňová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (A.F.B.); (G.I.); (D.B.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Alena Findrik Balogová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (A.F.B.); (G.I.); (D.B.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Gabriela Ižaríková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (A.F.B.); (G.I.); (D.B.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Peter Horňak
- Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (A.F.B.); (G.I.); (D.B.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Jana Demeterová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (A.F.B.); (G.I.); (D.B.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Jozef Živčák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (A.F.B.); (G.I.); (D.B.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
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21
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Wu N, Song J, Liu X, Ma X, Guo X, Liu T, Wu M. Effect of an low-energy Nd: YAG laser on periodontal ligament stem cell homing through the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:501. [PMID: 37468947 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key to the success of endogenous regeneration is to improve the homing rate of stem cells, and low-energy laser is an effective auxiliary means to promote cell migration and proliferation. The purpose of this study was to observe whether low-energy neodymium (Nd: YAG) laser with appropriate parameters can affect the proliferation and migration of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) through SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. METHODS h PDLSCs were cultured and identified. CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of h PDLSCs after different power (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 W) Nd: YAG laser (MSP, 10 Hz, 30 s, 300 μ m) irradiation at 2th, 3rd,5th, and 7th days, and the optimal laser irradiation parameters were selected for subsequent experiments. Then, the cells were categorized into five groups: control group (C), SDF-1 group (S), AMD3100 group (A), Nd: YAG laser irradiation group (N), and Nd: YAG laser irradiation + AMD3100 group (N + A). the migration of h PDLSCs was observed using Transwell, and the SDF-1 expression was evaluated using ELISA andRT-PCR. The SPSS Statistics 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The fibroblasts cultured were identified as h PDLSCs. Compared with the C, when the power was 1 W, the proliferation rate of h PDLSCs was accelerated (P < 0.05). When the power was 1.5 W, the proliferation rate decreased (P < 0.05). When the power was 0.25 and 0.5 W, no statistically significant difference in the proliferation rate was observed (P > 0.05). The number of cell perforations values as follows: C (956.5 ± 51.74), A (981.5 ± 21.15), S (1253 ± 87.21), N (1336 ± 48.54), and N + A (1044 ± 22.13), that increased significantly in group N (P < 0.05), but decreased in group N + A (P < 0.05). The level of SDF-1 and the expression level of SDF-1 mRNA in groups N and N + A was higher than that in group C (P < 0.05) but lower than that in group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nd: YAG laser irradiation with appropriate parameters provides a new method for endogenous regeneration of periodontal tissue. SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway may be the mechanism of LLLT promoting periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology (II), Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 383, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Laser Medicine, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology (II), Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 383, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Laser Medicine, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology (II), Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 383, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Laser Medicine, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology (II), Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 383, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Laser Medicine, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology (II), Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 383, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Laser Medicine, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Taohong Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology (II), Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 383, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Laser Medicine, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Periodontology (II), Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 383, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Laser Medicine, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Debnath K, Heras KL, Rivera A, Lenzini S, Shin JW. Extracellular vesicle-matrix interactions. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2023; 8:390-402. [PMID: 38463907 PMCID: PMC10919209 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-023-00551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix in microenvironments harbors a variety of signals to control cellular functions and the materiality of tissues. Most efforts to synthetically reconstitute the matrix by biomaterial design have focused on decoupling cell-secreted and polymer-based cues. Cells package molecules into nanoscale lipid membrane-bound extracellular vesicles and secrete them. Thus, extracellular vesicles inherently interact with the meshwork of the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we discuss various aspects of extracellular vesicle-matrix interactions. Cells receive feedback from the extracellular matrix and leverage intracellular processes to control the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Once secreted, various biomolecular and biophysical factors determine whether extracellular vesicles are locally incorporated into the matrix or transported out of the matrix to be taken up by other cells or deposited into tissues at a distal location. These insights can be utilized to develop engineered biomaterials where EV release and retention can be precisely controlled in host tissue to elicit various biological and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Debnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kevin Las Heras
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU)
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ambar Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Stephen Lenzini
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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23
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Wei X, Liu S, Cao Y, Wang Z, Chen S. Polymers in Engineering Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Current Status and Prospective. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051496. [PMID: 37242738 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a high delivery efficiency by traditional nanomedicines during cancer treatment is a challenging task. As a natural mediator for short-distance intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention owing to their low immunogenicity and high targeting ability. They can load a variety of major drugs, thus offering immense potential. In order to overcome the limitations of EVs and establish them as an ideal drug delivery system, polymer-engineered extracellular vesicle mimics (EVMs) have been developed and applied in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the current status of polymer-based extracellular vesicle mimics in drug delivery, and analyze their structural and functional properties based on the design of an ideal drug carrier. We anticipate that this review will facilitate a deeper understanding of the extracellular vesicular mimetic drug delivery system, and stimulate the progress and advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sihang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yifeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Electronic Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Sundoc Pharmaceutical Science and Tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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24
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Davies OG. Extracellular vesicles: From bone development to regenerative orthopedics. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1251-1274. [PMID: 36869588 PMCID: PMC10188641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to promote the replacement of tissues lost to damage or disease. While positive outcomes have been observed experimentally, challenges remain in their clinical translation. This has led to growing interest in applying extracellular vesicles (EVs) to augment or even replace existing approaches. Through the engineering of culture environments or direct/indirect manipulation of EVs themselves, multiple avenues have emerged to modulate EV production, targeting, and therapeutic potency. Drives to modulate release using material systems or functionalize implants for improved osseointegration have also led to outcomes that could have real-world impact. The purpose of this review is to highlight advantages in applying EVs for the treatment of skeletal defects, outlining the current state of the art in the field and emphasizing avenues for further investigation. Notably, the review identifies inconsistencies in EV nomenclature and outstanding challenges in defining a reproducible therapeutic dose. Challenges also remain in the scalable manufacture of a therapeutically potent and pure EV product, with a need to address scalable cell sources and optimal culture environments. Addressing these issues will be critical if we are to develop regenerative EV therapies that meet the demands of regulators and can be translated from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen G Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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25
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Rahmati S, Khazaei M, Nadi A, Alizadeh M, Rezakhani L. Exosome-loaded scaffolds for regenerative medicine in hard tissues. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102102. [PMID: 37178527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering can be used to repair tissue by employing bioscaffolds that provide better spatial control, porosity, and a three-dimensional (3D) environment like the human body. Optimization of injectability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and controlled drug release are also features of such scaffolds. The 3D shape of the scaffold can control cell interaction and improve cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Exosomes (EXOs) are nanovesicles that can regulate osteoblast activity and proliferation using a complex composition of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in their vesicles. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and efficient cellular internalization, EXOs have enormous potential as desirable drug/gene delivery vectors in the field of regenerative medicine. They can cross the biological barrier with minimal immunogenicity and side effects. Scaffolds that contain EXOs have been studied extensively in both basic and preclinical settings for the regeneration and repair of both hard (bone, cartilage) and soft (skin, heart, liver, kidney) tissue. Cell motility, proliferation, phenotype, and maturation can all be controlled by EXOs. The angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of EXOs significantly influence tissue healing. The current study focused on the use of EXO-loaded scaffolds in hard tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rahmati
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Akram Nadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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26
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Man K, Eisenstein NM, Hoey DA, Cox SC. Bioengineering extracellular vesicles: smart nanomaterials for bone regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:137. [PMID: 37106449 PMCID: PMC10134574 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of bone development, homeostasis and repair. EV-based therapies have the potential to circumnavigate key issues hindering the translation of cell-based therapies including functional tissue engraftment, uncontrolled differentiation and immunogenicity issues. Due to EVs' innate biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high physiochemical stability, these naturally-derived nanoparticles have garnered growing interest as potential acellular nanoscale therapeutics for a variety of diseases. Our increasing knowledge of the roles these cell-derived nanoparticles play, has made them an exciting focus in the development of novel pro-regenerative therapies for bone repair. Although these nano-sized vesicles have shown promise, their clinical translation is hindered due to several challenges in the EV supply chain, ultimately impacting therapeutic efficacy and yield. From the biochemical and biophysical stimulation of parental cells to the transition to scalable manufacture or maximising vesicles therapeutic response in vivo, a multitude of techniques have been employed to improve the clinical efficacy of EVs. This review explores state of the art bioengineering strategies to promote the therapeutic utility of vesicles beyond their native capacity, thus maximising the clinical potential of these pro-regenerative nanoscale therapeutics for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Man
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil M Eisenstein
- Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, ICT Centre, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2SQ, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Heritage Building, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
- Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin 2, D02 DK07, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin 2, D02 VN51, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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27
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Wang DR, Pan J. Extracellular vesicles: Emerged as a promising strategy for regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:165-181. [PMID: 37181006 PMCID: PMC10173817 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation therapy has certain limitations including immune rejection and limited cell viability, which seriously hinder the transformation of stem cell-based tissue regeneration into clinical practice. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) not only possess the advantages of its derived cells, but also can avoid the risks of cell transplantation. EVs are intelligent and controllable biomaterials that can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological activities, tissue repair and regeneration by transmitting a variety of biological signals, showing great potential in cell-free tissue regeneration. In this review, we summarized the origins and characteristics of EVs, introduced the pivotal role of EVs in diverse tissues regeneration, discussed the underlying mechanisms, prospects, and challenges of EVs. We also pointed out the problems that need to be solved, application directions, and prospects of EVs in the future and shed new light on the novel cell-free strategy for using EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Ri Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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28
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Pu Y, Lin X, Zhi Q, Qiao S, Yu C. Microporous Implants Modified by Bifunctional Hydrogel with Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties Promote Bone Integration in Infected Bone Defects. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040226. [PMID: 37103316 PMCID: PMC10143991 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosthesis implantation and bone integration under bacterial infection are arduous challenges in clinical practice. It is well known that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by bacterial infection around the bone defects will further hinder bone healing. To solve this problem, we prepared a ROS-scavenging hydrogel by cross-linking polyvinyl alcohol and a ROS-responsive linker, N1-(4-boronobenzyl)-N3-(4-boronophenyl)-N1, N1, N3, N3-tetramethylpropane-1, 3-diaminium, to modify the microporous titanium alloy implant. The prepared hydrogel was used as an advanced ROS-scavenging tool to promote bone healing by inhibiting the ROS levels around the implant. Bifunctional hydrogel serving as a drug delivery system can release therapeutic molecules, including vancomycin, to kill bacteria and bone morphogenetic protein-2 to induce bone regeneration and integration. This multifunctional implant system that combines mechanical support and disease microenvironment targeting provides a novel strategy for bone regeneration and integration of implants in infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Pu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200001, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xuecai Lin
- Hongqiao Community Health Service Center, Minhang District, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Qiang Zhi
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shichong Qiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chuangqi Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200001, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200001, China
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29
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Scocozza F, Di Gravina GM, Bari E, Auricchio F, Torre ML, Conti M. Prediction of the mechanical response of a 3D (bio)printed hybrid scaffold for improving bone tissue regeneration by structural finite element analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105822. [PMID: 37116309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering should be osteoinductive, osteoconductive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and, at the same time, exhibit proper mechanical properties. The present study investigated the mechanical properties of a coprinted hybrid scaffold made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an alginate-based hydrogel, which was conceived to possess a double function of in vivo bio-integration (due to the ability of the hydrogel to release lyosecretome, a freeze-dried formulation of mesenchymal stem cell secretome with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties) and withstanding loads (due to the presence of polycaprolactone, which provides mechanical resistance). To this end, an in-silico study was conducted to predict mechanical properties. Structural finite element analysis (FEA) of the hybrid scaffold under compression was performed to compare the numerical results with the corresponding experimental data. The impact of alginate inclusion and infill patterns on scaffold stiffness was investigated. Results show an increase in mechanical properties by changing the scaffold infill pattern (linear: 145.38±28.90 vs. honeycomb: 278.96±50.19, mean and standard deviation, n = 8), while alginate inclusion does not always impact the mechanical performance of the hybrid scaffold (stiffness: 145.38±28.90 vs. 195.42±38.68 N/mm, with vs without hydrogel inclusion, respectively). This is confirmed by FEA analysis, in which a good correspondence between experimental and numerical stiffness is shown (142±28.94 vs. 117.18, respectively, linear scaffold with hydrogel inclusion). In conclusion, the computational framework is a valid tool for predicting the mechanical performance of scaffolds and is promising for future clinical applications in the maxillofacial field.
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Ma S, Jiang Y, Qian Y, Du J, Yu X, Luo S, Chen Z. The Emerging Biological Functions of Exosomes from Dental Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:53-64. [PMID: 37053510 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are one kind of small-cell extracellular membranous vesicles that can regulate intercellular communication and give rise to mediating the biological behaviors of cells, involving in tissue formation, repair, the modulation of inflammation, and nerve regeneration. The abundant kinds of cells can secret exosomes, among them, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are very perfect cells for mass production of exosomes. Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs), including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human periodontal ligament (PDLSCs), gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells, dental follicle stem cells, tooth germ stem cells, and alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells, are now known as a potent tool in the area of cell regeneration and therapy, more importantly, DT-MSCs can also release numerous types of exosomes, participating in the biological functions of cells. Hence, we briefly depict the characteristics of exosomes, give a detailed description of the biological functions and clinical application in some respects of exosomes from DT-MSCs through systematically reviewing the latest evidence, and provide a rationale for their use as tools for potential application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yidi Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuyan Qian
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiyi Luo
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Huang X, Li Y, Liao H, Luo X, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Xiang Q. Research Advances on Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promoting the Reconstruction of Alveolar Bone through RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040193. [PMID: 37103283 PMCID: PMC10145790 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal bone tissue defects and bone shortages are the most familiar and troublesome clinical problems in the oral cavity. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have biological properties similar to their sources, and they could be a promising acellular therapy to assist with periodontal osteogenesis. In the course of alveolar bone remodeling, the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is an important pathway involved in bone metabolism. This article summarizes the experimental studies of SC-EVs applied for the therapy of periodontal osteogenesis recently and explores the role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway in their mechanism of action. Their unique patterns will open a new field of vision for people, and they will help to advance a possible future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yueping Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiying Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Lam EHY, Yu F, Zhu S, Wang Z. 3D Bioprinting for Next-Generation Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076357. [PMID: 37047328 PMCID: PMC10094501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, immense progress has been made in advancing personalized medicine to effectively address patient-specific disease complexities in order to develop individualized treatment strategies. In particular, the emergence of 3D bioprinting for in vitro models of tissue and organ engineering presents novel opportunities to improve personalized medicine. However, the existing bioprinted constructs are not yet able to fulfill the ultimate goal: an anatomically realistic organ with mature biological functions. Current bioprinting approaches have technical challenges in terms of precise cell deposition, effective differentiation, proper vascularization, and innervation. This review introduces the principles and realizations of bioprinting with a strong focus on the predominant techniques, including extrusion printing and digital light processing (DLP). We further discussed the applications of bioprinted constructs, including the engraftment of stem cells as personalized implants for regenerative medicine and in vitro high-throughput drug development models for drug discovery. While no one-size-fits-all approach to bioprinting has emerged, the rapid progress and promising results of preliminary studies have demonstrated that bioprinting could serve as an empowering technology to resolve critical challenges in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hau Yin Lam
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Fengqing Yu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Sabrina Zhu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Pinkhasov I, Kabakov L, Nemcovsky CE, Weinreb M, Schlesinger P, Bender O, Gal M, Bar DZ, Weinberg E. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of oral masticatory and lining mucosa-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:807-818. [PMID: 36864739 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the heterogeneity of ex vivo-cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from either masticatory or lining oral mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were retrieved from the lamina propria of the hard palate and alveolar mucosa of three individuals. The analysis of transcriptomic-level differences was accomplished using single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS Cluster analysis clearly distinguished between cells from the masticatory and lining oral mucosa, and revealed 11 distinct cell sub-populations, annotated as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells or mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, cells presenting a mesenchymal stem cell-like gene expression pattern were predominantly found in masticatory mucosa. Although cells of masticatory mucosa origin were highly enriched for biological processes associated with wound healing, those from the lining oral mucosa were highly enriched for biological processes associated with the regulation of epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our previous work had shown that cells from the lining and masticatory oral mucosae are phenotypically heterogeneous. Here, we extend these findings to show that these changes are not the result of differences in averages but rather represent two distinct cell populations, with mesenchymal stem cells more common in masticatory mucosa. These features may contribute to specific physiological functions and have relevance for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Pinkhasov
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Kabakov
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carlos E Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miron Weinreb
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pnina Schlesinger
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Bender
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Gal
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Three-Dimensional Impression of Biomaterials for Alveolar Graft: Scoping Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020076. [PMID: 36826875 PMCID: PMC9961517 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial bone defects are one of the biggest clinical challenges in regenerative medicine, with secondary autologous bone grafting being the gold-standard technique. The development of new three-dimensional matrices intends to overcome the disadvantages of the gold-standard method. The aim of this paper is to put forth an in-depth review regarding the clinical efficiency of available 3D printed biomaterials for the correction of alveolar bone defects. A survey was carried out using the following databases: PubMed via Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and gray literature. The inclusion criteria applied were the following: in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and clinical studies; and studies that assessed bone regeneration resorting to 3D printed biomaterials. The risk of bias of the in vitro and in vivo studies was performed using the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, respectively. In total, 92 publications were included in the final sample. The most reported three-dimensional biomaterials were the PCL matrix, β-TCP matrix, and hydroxyapatite matrix. These biomaterials can be combined with different polymers and bioactive molecules such as rBMP-2. Most of the included studies had a high risk of bias. Despite the advances in the research on new three-dimensionally printed biomaterials in bone regeneration, the existing results are not sufficient to justify the application of these biomaterials in routine clinical practice.
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Ivanova EA, Dzyuman AN, Dvornichenko MV. Local biocompatibility and biochemical profile of hepatic cytolysis in subcutaneous implantation of polylactide matrices. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-4-63-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate local biocompatibility and systemic effects of nonwoven polylactide (PLA) matrices on blood and liver parameters after their subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats.Materials and methods. Bioabsorbable fibrous PLA matrices were produced by electrospinning and had dimensions (10 × 10 mm², thickness of no more than 0.5 mm; fiber diameter in the matrix ~1 μm) appropriate for subcutaneous implantation in white laboratory rats. Polymer implants were sterilized in ethylene oxide vapor. Thirty days after the implantation of PLA matrices, local biocompatibility according to GOST ISO 10993-6-2011, cellular parameters (total leukocyte count, hemogram, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration), and biochemical blood parameters (lactate concentration, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels) were studied, and a standard histologic evaluation of the liver was performed.Results. PLA matrix samples were mild local irritants on a scale of 1–1.9 points according to GOST ISO 10993-6-2011 criteria 30 days after the subcutaneous implantation. The median density of distribution of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) in the connective tissue around and in PLA matrices was 1,500 (1,350; 1,550) per 1 mm² of a slice. Pronounced leukocytic reaction due to lymphocytosis was noted (an increase by 1.7 times compared with a sham-operated (SO) control group, р < 0.02). The absence of a significant neutrophil count in the blood revealed sterile inflammation proceeding in the subcutaneous tissue around the PLA materials. Normalization of hepatic cytolysis markers (ALT and AST activity) in the blood without pronounced changes in the structure of the liver and the number of binuclear hepatocytes was noted. These markers were increased in SO controls (ALT up to 123% and AST up to 142%, p < 0.001 compared with values in the intact group).Conclusion. Nonwoven PLA matrices are biocompatible with subcutaneous tissue, undergo bioresorption by MNGCs, and have a distant protective effect on the functional state of the liver in laboratory animals. Hypotheses on the detected systemic effect during subcutaneous implantation of PLA matrices were discussed; however, specific mechanisms require further study.
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Flores-Jiménez MS, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Fuentes-Aguilar RQ. Review on Porous Scaffolds Generation Process: A Tissue Engineering Approach. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1-23. [PMID: 36599046 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Porous scaffolds have been widely explored for tissue regeneration and engineering in vitro three-dimensional models. In this review, a comprehensive literature analysis is conducted to identify the steps involved in their generation. The advantages and disadvantages of the available techniques are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering pore geometrical parameters such as curvature and size, and summarizing the requirements to generate the porous scaffold according to the desired application. This paper considers the available design tools, mathematical models, materials, fabrication techniques, cell seeding methodologies, assessment methods, and the status of pore scaffolds in clinical applications. This review compiles the relevant research in the field in the past years. The trends, challenges, and future research directions are discussed in the search for the generation of a porous scaffold with improved mechanical and biological properties that can be reproducible, viable for long-term studies, and closer to being used in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Flores-Jiménez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Gonzalez
- Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Rita Q Fuentes-Aguilar
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramon Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45121Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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Tian T, Qiao S, Tannous BA. Nanotechnology-Inspired Extracellular Vesicles Theranostics for Diagnosis and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:182-199. [PMID: 35929960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shuttling various bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) bidirectionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been opening new frontiers for the diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, clinical translation of EV-based theranostics remains challenging due to difficulties in effective EV engineering for superior imaging/therapeutic potential, ultrasensitive EV detection for small sample volume, as well as scale-up and standardized EV production. In the past decade, continuous advancement in nanotechnology provided extensive concepts and strategies for EV engineering and analysis, which inspired the application of EVs for CNS diseases. Here we will review the existing types of EV-nanomaterial hybrid systems with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for CNS diseases. A summary of recent progress in the incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures in EV production, separation, and analysis will also be provided. Moreover, the convergence between nanotechnology and microfluidics for integrated EV engineering and liquid biopsy of CNS diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Shuya Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Cai R, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu B, Wu Y, Pang J, Ma C. The role of extracellular vesicles in periodontitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151322. [PMID: 37114060 PMCID: PMC10126335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent disease and one of the leading causes of tooth loss. Biofilms are initiating factor of periodontitis, which can destroy periodontal tissue by producing virulence factors. The overactivated host immune response is the primary cause of periodontitis. The clinical examination of periodontal tissues and the patient's medical history are the mainstays of periodontitis diagnosis. However, there is a lack of molecular biomarkers that can be used to identify and predict periodontitis activity precisely. Non-surgical and surgical treatments are currently available for periodontitis, although both have drawbacks. In clinical practice, achieving the ideal therapeutic effect remains a challenge. Studies have revealed that bacteria produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to export virulence proteins to host cells. Meanwhile, periodontal tissue cells and immune cells produce EVs that have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, EVs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Recent studies have also presented that the content and composition of EVs in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can serve as possible periodontitis diagnostic indicators. In addition, studies have indicated that stem cell EVs may encourage periodontal regeneration. In this article, we mainly review the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Pang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
| | - Chufan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
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Alka, Verma A, Mishra N, Singh N, Singh P, Nisha R, Pal RR, Saraf SA. Polymeric Gel Scaffolds and Biomimetic Environments for Wound Healing. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3221-3239. [PMID: 37584354 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230816100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Infected wounds that do not heal are a worldwide problem that is worsening, with more people dying and more money being spent on care. For any disease to be managed effectively, its root cause must be addressed. Effective wound care becomes a bigger problem when various traditional wound healing methods and products may not only fail to promote good healing. Still, it may also hinder the healing process, causing wounds to stay open longer. Progress in tissue regeneration has led to developing three-dimensional scaffolds (3D) or constructs that can be leveraged to facilitate cell growth and regeneration while preventing infection and accelerating wound healing. Tissue regeneration uses natural and fabricated biomaterials that encourage the growth of tissues or organs. Even though the clinical need is urgent, the demand for polymer-based therapeutic techniques for skin tissue abnormalities has grown quickly. Hydrogel scaffolds have become one of the most imperative 3D cross-linked scaffolds for tissue regeneration because they can hold water perfectly and are porous, biocompatible, biodegradable, and biomimetic. For damaged organs or tissues to heal well, the porosity topography of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) should be imitated. This review details the scaffolds that heal wounds and helps skin tissue to develop. After a brief overview of the bioactive and drug-loaded polymeric hydrogels, the discussion moves on to how the scaffolds are made and what they are made of. It highlights the present uses of in vitro and in-vivo employed biomimetic scaffolds. The prospects of how well bioactiveloaded hydrogels heal wounds and how nanotechnology assists in healing and regeneration have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (A Central University), Uttar Pradesh, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang W, Liang X, Zheng K, Ge G, Chen X, Xu Y, Bai J, Pan G, Geng D. Horizon of exosome-mediated bone tissue regeneration: The all-rounder role in biomaterial engineering. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100355. [PMID: 35875196 PMCID: PMC9304878 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bone injury repair has always been a tricky problem in clinic, the recent emergence of bone tissue engineering provides a new direction for the repair of bone injury. However, some bone tissue processes fail to achieve satisfactory results mainly due to insufficient vascularization or cellular immune rejection. Exosomes with the ability of vesicle-mediated intercellular signal transmission have gained worldwide attention and can achieve cell-free therapy. Exosomes are small vesicles that are secreted by cells, which contain genetic material, lipids, proteins and other substances. It has been found to play the function of material exchange between cells. It is widely used in bone tissue engineering to achieve cell-free therapy because it not only does not produce some immune rejection like cells, but also can play a cell-like function. Exosomes from different sources can bind to scaffolds in various ways and affect osteoblast, angioblast, and macrophage polarization in vivo to promote bone regeneration. This article reviews the recent research progress of exosome-loaded tissue engineering, focusing on the mechanism of exosomes from different sources and the application of exosome-loaded scaffolds in promoting bone regeneration. Finally, the existing deficiencies and challenges, future development directions and prospects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
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Liu Z, Wang S, Huo N, Yang S, Shi Q, Xu J. Extracellular vesicles: A potential future strategy for dental and maxillofacial tissue repair and regeneration. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012241. [PMID: 36479350 PMCID: PMC9719951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized bilayer membrane structures containing lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, play key roles in intercellular communication. Compared to stem cells, EVs have lower tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, are easier to manage and cause fewer ethic problems. In recent years, EVs have emerged as a potential solution for tissue regeneration in stomatology through cell-free therapies. The present review focuses on the role of EVs in dental and maxillofacial tissue repair and regeneration, including in dental and periodontal tissue, maxilla and mandible bone, temporomandibular joint cartilage, peripheral nerve and soft tissue. We also make a brief overview on the mechanism of EVs performing functions. However, limitations and challenges in clinical application of EVs still exist and should be addressed in future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Situo Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Huo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Shahverdi M, Seifi S, Akbari A, Mohammadi K, Shamloo A, Movahhedy MR. Melt electrowriting of PLA, PCL, and composite PLA/PCL scaffolds for tissue engineering application. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19935. [PMID: 36402790 PMCID: PMC9675866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of well-ordered and bio-mimetic scaffolds is one of the most important research lines in tissue engineering. Different techniques have been utilized to achieve this goal, however, each method has its own disadvantages. Recently, melt electrowriting (MEW) as a technique for fabrication of well-organized scaffolds has attracted the researchers' attention due to simultaneous use of principles of additive manufacturing and electrohydrodynamic phenomena. In previous research studies, polycaprolactone (PCL) has been mostly used in MEW process. PCL is a biocompatible polymer with characteristics that make it easy to fabricate well-arranged structures using MEW device. However, the mechanical properties of PCL are not favorable for applications like bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, it is of vital importance to demonstrate the capability of MEW technique for processing a broad range of polymers. To address aforementioned problems, in this study, three ten-layered box-structured well-ordered scaffolds, including neat PLA, neat PCL, and PLA/PCL composite are fabricated using an MEW device. Printing of the composite PLA/PCL scaffold using the MEW device is conducted in this study for the first time. The MEW device used in this study is a commercial fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer which with some changes in its setup and configuration becomes prepared for being used as an MEW device. Since in most of previous studies, a setup has been designed and built for MEW process, the use of the FDM device can be considered as one of the novelties of this research. The printing parameters are adjusted in a way that scaffolds with nearly equal pore sizes in the range of 140 µm to 150 µm are fabricated. However, PCL fibers are mostly narrower (diameters in the range of 5 µm to 15 µm) than PLA fibers with diameters between 15 and 25 µm. Unlike the MEW process of PCL, accurate positioning of PLA fibers is difficult which can be due to higher viscosity of PLA melt compared to PCL melt. The printed composite PLA/PCL scaffold possesses a well-ordered box structure with improved mechanical properties and cell-scaffold interactions compared to both neat PLA and PCL scaffolds. Besides, the composite scaffold exhibits a higher swelling ratio than the neat PCL scaffold which can be related to the presence of less hydrophobic PLA fibers. This scaffold demonstrates an anisotropic behavior during uniaxial tensile test in which its Young's modulus, ultimate tensile stress, and strain to failure all depend on the direction of the applied tensile force. This anisotropy makes the composite PLA/PCL scaffold an exciting candidate for applications in heart tissue engineering. The results of in-vitro cell viability test using L929 mouse murine fibroblast and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells demonstrate that all of the printed scaffolds are biocompatible. In particular, the composite scaffold presents the highest cell viability value among the fabricated scaffolds. All in all, the composite PLA/PCL scaffold shows that it can be a promising substitution for neat PCL scaffold used in previous MEW studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahverdi
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Seifi
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Nano BioTechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaivan Mohammadi
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Nano BioTechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Movahhedy
- grid.412553.40000 0001 0740 9747Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran
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Yazdanian M, Alam M, Abbasi K, Rahbar M, Farjood A, Tahmasebi E, Tebyaniyan H, Ranjbar R, Hesam Arefi A. Synthetic materials in craniofacial regenerative medicine: A comprehensive overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:987195. [PMID: 36440445 PMCID: PMC9681815 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.987195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art approach to regenerating different tissues and organs is tissue engineering which includes the three parts of stem cells (SCs), scaffolds, and growth factors. Cellular behaviors such as propagation, differentiation, and assembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) are influenced by the cell's microenvironment. Imitating the cell's natural environment, such as scaffolds, is vital to create appropriate tissue. Craniofacial tissue engineering refers to regenerating tissues found in the brain and the face parts such as bone, muscle, and artery. More biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds are more commensurate with tissue remodeling and more appropriate for cell culture, signaling, and adhesion. Synthetic materials play significant roles and have become more prevalent in medical applications. They have also been used in different forms for producing a microenvironment as ECM for cells. Synthetic scaffolds may be comprised of polymers, bioceramics, or hybrids of natural/synthetic materials. Synthetic scaffolds have produced ECM-like materials that can properly mimic and regulate the tissue microenvironment's physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, manage adherence of biomolecules and adjust the material's degradability. The present review article is focused on synthetic materials used in craniofacial tissue engineering in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahbar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amin Farjood
- Orthodontic Department, Dental School, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Hesam Arefi
- Dental Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Pan Z, Sun W, Chen Y, Tang H, Lin W, Chen J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles in Tissue Engineering: Biology and Engineered Strategy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201384. [PMID: 36053562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as an important ingredient of intercellular communication through paracrine actions, have gained tremendous attention in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Moreover, these nanosized extracellular particles (30-140 nm) can be incorporated into biomaterials according to different principles to facilitate signal delivery in various regenerative processes directly or indirectly. Bioactive biomaterials as the carrier will extend the retention time and realize the controlled release of EVs, which further enhance their therapeutic efficiency in tissue regeneration. Herein, the basic biological characteristics of EVs are first introduced, and then their outstanding performance in exerting direct impacts on target cells in tissue regeneration as well as indirect effects on promoting angiogenesis and regulating the immune environment, due to specific functional components of EVs (nucleic acid, protein, lipid, etc.), is emphasized. Furthermore, different design ideas for suitable EV-loaded biomaterials are also demonstrated. In the end, this review also highlights the engineered strategies, which aim at solving the problems related to natural EVs such as highly heterogeneous functions, inadequate tissue targeting capabilities, insufficient yield and scalability, etc., thus promoting the therapeutic pertinence and clinical potential of EV-based approaches in TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weiyan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weikang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, 200433, China
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McLaughlin C, Datta P, Singh YP, Lo A, Horchler S, Elcheva IA, Ozbolat IT, Ravnic DJ, Koduru SV. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Use and in Bioengineering Applications. Cells 2022; 11:3366. [PMID: 36359762 PMCID: PMC9657427 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are naturally released from cells into body fluids, and therefore can travel and convey regulatory functions in the distal parts of the body. EVs can transmit paracrine signaling by carrying over cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, interleukins (ILs), transcription factors, and nucleic acids such as DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs, piRNAs, lncRNAs, sn/snoRNAs, mtRNAs and circRNAs; these EVs travel to predecided destinations to perform their functions. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve healing and facilitate treatments of various diseases, the allogenic use of these cells is often accompanied by serious adverse effects after transplantation. MSC-produced EVs are less immunogenic and can serve as an alternative to cellular therapies by transmitting signaling or delivering biomaterials to diseased areas of the body. This review article is focused on understanding the properties of EVs derived from different types of MSCs and MSC-EV-based therapeutic options. The potential of modern technologies such as 3D bioprinting to advance EV-based therapies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Pallab Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Yogendra P. Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alexis Lo
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Summer Horchler
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Irina A. Elcheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dino J. Ravnic
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Srinivas V. Koduru
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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46
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Yu W, Li S, Zhang G, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. New frontiers of oral sciences: Focus on the source and biomedical application of extracellular vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1023700. [PMID: 36338125 PMCID: PMC9627311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1023700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of nanoparticles that are derived from almost any type of cell in the organism tested thus far and are present in all body fluids. With the capacity to transfer "functional cargo and biological information" to regulate local and distant intercellular communication, EVs have developed into an attractive focus of research for various physiological and pathological conditions. The oral cavity is a special organ of the human body. It includes multiple types of tissue, and it is also the beginning of the digestive tract. Moreover, the oral cavity harbors thousands of bacteria. The importance and particularity of oral function indicate that EVs derived from oral cavity are quite complex but promising for further research. This review will discuss the extensive source of EVs in the oral cavity, including both cell sources and cell-independent sources. Besides, accumulating evidence supports extensive biomedical applications of extracellular vesicles in oral tissue regeneration and development, diagnosis and treatment of head and neck tumors, diagnosis and therapy of systemic disease, drug delivery, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The immune cell source, odontoblasts and ameloblasts sources, diet source and the application of EVs in tooth development and HGT were reviewed for the first time. In conclusion, we concentrate on the extensive source and potential applications offered by these nanovesicles in oral science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ramasubramanian L, Du S, Gidda S, Bahatyrevich N, Hao D, Kumar P, Wang A. Bioengineering Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200087. [PMID: 35778828 PMCID: PMC9588622 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and interventions, there is still a crucial need for new multifaceted therapeutics that can address the complicated pathophysiological mechanisms driving CVD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are secreted by all types of cells to transport molecular cargo and regulate intracellular communication. EVs represent a growing field of nanotheranostics that can be leveraged as diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of CVD and as targeted drug delivery vesicles to promote cardiovascular repair and recovery. Though a promising tool for CVD therapy, the clinical application of EVs is limited by the inherent challenges in EV isolation, standardization, and delivery. Hence, this review will present the therapeutic potential of EVs and introduce bioengineering strategies that augment their natural functions in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalithasri Ramasubramanian
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Shixian Du
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Siraj Gidda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Nataliya Bahatyrevich
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
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48
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Zeng ZL, Xie H. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a possible therapeutic strategy for orthopaedic diseases: a narrative review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:175-187. [PMID: 36654775 PMCID: PMC9840092 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone diseases is closely related to paracrine-generated extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to the extracellular space and affect the bone microenvironment. They have similar biological functions to MSCs, such as the ability to repair organ and tissue damage. In addition, MSC-EVs also have the advantages of long half-life, low immunogenicity, attractive stability, ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier, and demonstrate excellent performance with potential practical applications in bone diseases. In this review, we summarise the current applications and mechanisms of MSC-EVs in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone tumours, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and fractures, as well as the development of MSC-EVs combined with materials science in the field of orthopaedics. Additionally, we explore the critical challenges involved in the clinical application of MSC-EVs in orthopaedic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Lin Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Centre, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Corresponding author: Hui Xie,
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Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182792. [PMID: 36139367 PMCID: PMC9496740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that plant extracts or compounds promoted the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of different oral stem cells. This review is carried out by following the PRISMA guidelines and focusing mainly on the effects of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated dental, bone, and neural regeneration. It is observed that in recent years studies were mainly focused on the utilization of oral stem cell-mediated regeneration of bone or dental mesenchymal cells, however, the utility of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated regeneration requires additional assessment beyond in vitro and in vivo studies, and requires more randomized clinical trials and case studies.
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50
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Engineered extracellular vesicles: Regulating the crosstalk between the skeleton and immune system. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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