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Yang Y, Li S, Peng Q, Guo Y, Gao Y, Gong Y, Lu J, Zhang Y, Shi X. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promoted tumor cell growth associated with increased interleukin-18 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:762. [PMID: 38874690 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is experiencing a concerning rise in both incidence and mortality rates. Current therapeutic strategies are limited in their effectiveness, largely due to the complex causes of the disease and significant levels of drug resistance. Given the latest developments in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) research, there is a debate over the continued use of stem cell transplantation for treating tumors. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the role of hUC-MSCs in the management of HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS HUC-MSCs increased the number (10.75 ± 1.50) in the DEN/TCPOBOP-induced mice hepatoma model, compared with DMSO group (7.25 ± 1.71). Moreover, the liver index in hUC-MSCs group (0.21 ± 0.06) was greater than that in DMSO group (0.09 ± 0.01). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed that while hUC-MSCs did not alter Foxp3 expression, they significantly stimulated Ki67 expression, indicative of increased tumor cellular proliferation. Additionally, immunofluorescence (IF) studies showed that hUC-MSCs increased CD8+ T cell counts without affecting macrophage numbers. Notably, granzyme B expression remained nearly undetectable. We observed that serum IL-18 levels were higher in the hUC-MSCs group (109.66 ± 0.38 pg/ml) compared to the DMSO group (91.14 ± 4.37 pg/ml). Conversely, IL-1β levels decreased in the hUC-MSCs group (63.00 ± 0.53 pg/ml) relative to the DMSO group (97.38 ± 9.08 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS According to this study, hUC-MSCs promoted the growth of liver tumors. Therefore, we proposed that hUC-MSCs are not suitable for treating HCC, as they exhibit clinically prohibited abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguang Yang
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinglin Guo
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junlan Lu
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuman Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Jia H, Chang Y, Song J. The pig as an optimal animal model for cardiovascular research. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:136-147. [PMID: 38773343 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-024-01377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Preclinical cardiovascular research using animals is needed to explore potential targets and therapeutic options. Compared with rodents, pigs have many advantages, with their anatomy, physiology, metabolism and immune system being more similar to humans. Here we present an overview of the available pig models for cardiovascular diseases, discuss their advantages over other models and propose the concept of standardized models to improve translation to the clinical setting and control research costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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Wang X, Yang C, Ma X, Li X, Qi Y, Bai Z, Xu Y, Ma K, Luo Y, Song J, Jia W, He Z, Liu Z. A division-of-labor mode contributes to the cardioprotective potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in heart failure post myocardial infarction. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363517. [PMID: 38562923 PMCID: PMC10982400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of heart failure post myocardial infarction (post-MI HF) with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) holds great promise. Nevertheless, 2-dimensional (2D) GMP-grade MSCs from different labs and donor sources have different therapeutic efficacy and still in a low yield. Therefore, it is crucial to increase the production and find novel ways to assess the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs. Materials and methods hUC-MSCs were cultured in 3-dimensional (3D) expansion system for obtaining enough cells for clinical use, named as 3D MSCs. A post-MI HF mouse model was employed to conduct in vivo and in vitro experiments. Single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analyses were performed on 3D MSCs. A total of 125 combination algorithms were leveraged to screen for core ligand genes. Shinyapp and shinycell workflows were used for deploying web-server. Result 3D GMP-grade MSCs can significantly and stably reduce the extent of post-MI HF. To understand the stable potential cardioprotective mechanism, scRNA-seq revealed the heterogeneity and division-of-labor mode of 3D MSCs at the cellular level. Specifically, scissor phenotypic analysis identified a reported wound-healing CD142+ MSCs subpopulation that is also associated with cardiac protection ability and CD142- MSCs that is in proliferative state, contributing to the cardioprotective function and self-renewal, respectively. Differential expression analysis was conducted on CD142+ MSCs and CD142- MSCs and the differentially expressed ligand-related model was achieved by employing 125 combination algorithms. The present study developed a machine learning predictive model based on 13 ligands. Further analysis using CellChat demonstrated that CD142+ MSCs have a stronger secretion capacity compared to CD142- MSCs and Flow cytometry sorting of the CD142+ MSCs and qRT-PCR validation confirmed the significant upregulation of these 13 ligand factors in CD142+ MSCs. Conclusion Clinical GMP-grade 3D MSCs could serve as a stable cardioprotective cell product. Using scissor analysis on scRNA-seq data, we have clarified the potential functional and proliferative subpopulation, which cooperatively contributed to self-renewal and functional maintenance for 3D MSCs, named as "division of labor" mode of MSCs. Moreover, a ligand model was robustly developed for predicting the secretory efficacy of MSCs. A user-friendly web-server and a predictive model were constructed and available (https://wangxc.shinyapps.io/3D_MSCs/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyao Qi
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Keming Ma
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Song
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
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Yan W, Xia Y, Zhao H, Xu X, Ma X, Tao L. Stem cell-based therapy in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: Promise, challenges, and future directions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:1-14. [PMID: 38246086 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells represent an attractive resource for cardiac regeneration. However, the survival and function of transplanted stem cells is poor and remains a major challenge for the development of effective therapies. As two main cell types currently under investigation in heart repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) indirectly support endogenous regenerative capacities after transplantation, while induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) functionally integrate into the damaged myocardium and directly contribute to the restoration of its pump function. These two cell types are exposed to a common microenvironment with many stressors in ischemic heart tissue. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanisms and challenges of MSCs and iPSC-CMs in post-MI heart repair, introduces several randomized clinical trials with 3D-mapping-guided cell therapy, and outlines recent findings related to the factors that affect the survival and function of stem cells. We also discuss the future directions for optimization such as biomaterial utilization, cell combinations, and intravenous injection of engineered nucleus-free MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huishou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Siemionow M, Cyran M, Stawarz K, Chambily L, Kusza K. Transplantation of Donor-Recipient Chimeric Cells Restores Peripheral Blood Cell Populations and Increases Survival after Total Body Irradiation-Induced Injury in a Rat Experimental Model. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0009. [PMID: 38782370 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Current therapies for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) involve bone marrow transplantation (BMT), leading to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). To address this challenge, we have developed a novel donor-recipient chimeric cell (DRCC) therapy to increase survival and prevent GvHD following total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic injury without the need for immunosuppression. In this study, 20 Lewis rats were exposed to 7 Gy TBI to induce ARS, and we assessed the efficacy of various cellular therapies following systemic intraosseous administration. Twenty Lewis rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 5/group): saline control, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT), DRCC, and alloBMT + DRCC. DRCC were created by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of bone marrow cells from 24 ACI (RT1a) and 24 Lewis (RT11) rat donors. Fusion feasibility was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The impact of different therapies on post-irradiation peripheral blood cell recovery was evaluated through complete blood count, while GvHD signs were monitored clinically and histopathologically. The chimeric state of DRCC was confirmed. Post-alloBMT mortality was 60%, whereas DRCC and alloBMT + DRCC therapies achieved 100% survival. DRCC therapy also led to the highest white blood cell counts and minimal GvHD changes in kidney and skin samples, in contrast to alloBMT treatment. In this study, transplantation of DRCC promoted the recovery of peripheral blood cell populations after TBI without the development of GVHD. This study introduces a novel and promising DRCC-based bridging therapy for treating ARS and extending survival without GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Siemionow
- Chair and Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics, and Surgery of the Hand, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Małgorzata Cyran
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Stawarz
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucile Chambily
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kusza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Pain Management, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Kim MS, Kong D, Han M, Roh K, Koo H, Lee S, Kang KS. Canine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate atopic dermatitis through regeneration and immunomodulation. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2055-2070. [PMID: 37421548 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for treating immune disorders. However, the immunomodulatory effects of canine MSCs compared with other commercialized biologics for treating immune disorders have not been well studied. In this study we investigated the characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of canine amnion membrane (cAM)-MSCs. We examined gene expression of immune modulation and T lymphocytes from activated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. As a result, we confirmed that cAM-MSCs upregulated immune modulation genes (TGF-β1, IDO1 and PTGES2) and suppressed the proliferation capacity of T cells. Moreover, we confirmed the therapeutic effect of cAM-MSCs compared with oclacitinib (OCL), the most commonly used Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, as a treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (AD) using a mouse AD model. As a result, we confirmed that cAM-MSCs with PBS treatment groups (passage 4, 6 and 8) compared with PBS only (PBS) though scores of dermatologic signs, tissue pathologic changes and inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced. In particular, cAM-MSCs were more effective than OCL in the recovery of wound dysfunction, regulation of mast cell activity and expression level of immune modulation protein. Interestingly, subcutaneous injection of cAM-MSCs induced weight recovery, but oral administration of oclacitinib induced weight loss as a side effect. In conclusion, this study suggests that cAM-MSCs can be developed as a safe canine treatment for atopic dermatitis without side effects through effective regeneration and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghee Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounghwan Roh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co. Ltd, Ace Highend Tower 8, 84, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08590, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Koo
- Smile Veterinary Clinic, Jungbu-daero, Cheoin-gu, yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 1510, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co. Ltd, Ace Highend Tower 8, 84, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08590, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Abouzid MR, Ali K, Kamel I, Esteghamati S, Saleh A, Ghanim M. The Safety and Efficacy of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients With Heart Failure and Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Cureus 2023; 15:e49645. [PMID: 38033439 PMCID: PMC10686683 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (HUC-MSCs) may be useful in treating heart failure and acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, the effects of stem cell therapy on patients with heart failure remain the subject of ongoing controversy, and the safety and effectiveness of HUC-MSCs therapy have not yet been proven. To date, there has been no systematic overview and meta-analysis of clinical studies using HUC-MSCs therapy for heart failure and MI. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of HUC-MSC therapy versus a placebo in patients with heart failure and MI. While preparing this systematic review and meta-analysis, we adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A computer literature search of PubMed was performed. We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported data on the safety and efficacy of HUC-MSC transplantation in patients with heart failure and MI. Two investigators independently searched the literature, extracted data, and rated the quality of the included research. Pooled data were analyzed using the fixed-effect model or the random-effect model in Review Manager 5.3. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the bias of included studies. The primary outcome was ejection fraction (EF), whereas the secondary outcomes were readmission and mortality rates. Three RCTs (201 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect did not favor either of the two groups in terms of risk of readmission (risk ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-1.15, p = 0.10) as well as mortality rate (risk ratio = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.14-1.44, p = 0.18). However, there was an improvement in EF in patients who received HUC-MSCs compared to placebo after 12 months of transplantation (mean difference (MD) = 3.21, 95% CI = 2.91-3.51, p < 0.00001). At the six-month follow-up period, there was no significant improvement in EF (MD = 1.30, 95% CI = -1.94-4.54), p = 0.43), indicating that the duration of follow-up can shape the response to therapy. Our findings indicate that HUC-MSC transplantation can improve EF but has no meaningful effect on readmission or mortality rates. Existing evidence is insufficient to confirm the efficacy of HUC-MSCs for broader therapeutic applications. Therefore, additional double-blind RCTs with larger sample sizes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Abouzid
- Internal Medicine, Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, USA
| | - Karim Ali
- Internal Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ibrahim Kamel
- Internal Medicine, Steward Carney Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Amr Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Mohammed Ghanim
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, ARE
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Wang W, Tayier B, Guan L, Yan F, Mu Y. Optimization of the cotransfection of SERCA2a and Cx43 genes for myocardial infarction complications. Life Sci 2023; 331:122067. [PMID: 37659592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
As our previous study showed, the therapeutic effect of two genes (SERCA2a and Cx43) on heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) was greater than that of single gene (SERCA2a or Cx43) therapy for bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) transplantation. Based on previous research, the aim of this study was to investigate the optimal ratio of codelivery of SERCA2a and Cx43 genes for MI therapy after biotinylated microbubble (BMB) transplantation via ultrasonic-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD). Forty rats underwent left anterior descending (LAD) ligation and BMSC injection into the infarct and border zones. Four weeks later, the genes SERCA2a and Cx43 were codelivered at different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) into the infarcted heart via UTMD. Cardiac mechanoelectrical function was determined at 4 wks after gene delivery, and the hearts of the rats were harvested for measurement of MI size and detection of SERCA2a and Cx43 expression. Q-PCR analysis of the expression of Nkx2.5 and GATA4 in the myocardial infarct zone and measurement of neovascularization in infarcted hearts. After comparing the therapeutic effects of different cogene ratios, the SERCA2a/Cx43-1:2 group showed remarkable cardiac electrical stability and strengthened the role of anti-arrhythmia. In conclusion, the optimum ratio of the SERCA2a/Cx43 gene is 1:2, which is advantageous for maintaining cardiac electrophysiological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China; Department of Ultrasound, Urumqi Friendship Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Baihetiya Tayier
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuming Mu
- Department of Echocardiography, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, China.
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Siemionow M, Cwykiel J, Chambily L, Gacek S, Brodowska S. Novel Human Umbilical Di-Chimeric (HUDC) cell therapy for transplantation without life-long immunosuppression. Stem Cell Investig 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 37614644 PMCID: PMC10442563 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2023-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Cell-based therapies are promising for tolerance induction in bone marrow (BM), solid organs, and vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). The toxicity of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) protocols precludes this approach from routine clinical applications. To address this problem, we developed a new therapy of Human Umbilical Di-Chimeric (HUDC) cells for tolerance induction in transplantation. This study established in vitro characterization of the created HUDC cells. Methods We performed sixteen ex vivo polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated fusions of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells from two unrelated donors. Fusion feasibility was confirmed in vitro by flow cytometry (FC) and confocal microscopy (CM). The HUDC cells' genotype was assessed by lymphocytotoxicity test and short tandem repeat-polymerase chain reaction (STR-PCR) analysis, phenotype by FC, viability by LIVE/DEAD® assay, and apoptosis level by Annexin V staining. We used COMET assay to assess HUDC cells' genotoxicity after the fusion procedure. Clonogenic properties of HUDC cells were evaluated by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay assessed immunogenic and tolerogenic properties of HUDC cells. Results We confirmed the creation of HUDC cells from two unrelated human donors of UCB cells by FC and CM. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II typing, and STR-PCR analysis of HUDC cells confirmed the presence of alleles and loci from both unrelated UCB donors (donor chimerism: 49%±8.3%, n=4). FC confirmed the hematopoietic phenotype of HUDC cells. We confirmed high HUDC cells' viability (0.47% of dead cells) and a low apoptosis level of fused HUDC cells (15.9%) compared to positive control of PKH-stained UCB cells (20.4%) before fusion. COMET assay of HUDC cells revealed a lack of DNA damage. CFU assay confirmed clonogenic properties of HUDC cells, and MLR assay revealed a low immunogenicity of HUDC cells. Conclusions This study confirmed creation of a novel HUDC cell line by ex vivo PEG-mediated fusion of UCB cells from two unrelated donors. The unique concept of creating a HUDC cell line, representing the genotype and phenotype of both, transplant donor and the recipient, introduces a promising approach for tolerance induction in BM, solid organs, and VCA transplantation.
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Hu X, Xu W, Ren Y, Wang Z, He X, Huang R, Ma B, Zhao J, Zhu R, Cheng L. Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:245. [PMID: 37357239 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties of neural regeneration in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate the pathological mechanism of SCI and identify effective strategies to promote axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling, but the results have not been ideal. Recently, new pathological mechanisms of SCI, especially the interactions between immune and neural cell responses, have been revealed by single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis. With the development of bioactive materials and stem cells, more attention has been focused on forming intermediate neural networks to promote neural regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction than on promoting axonal regeneration in the corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies to control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism and ultrasound have been constantly innovated and applied in neural cell fate regulation. Among these advanced novel strategies and technologies, stem cell therapy, biomaterial transplantation, and electromagnetic stimulation have entered into the stage of clinical trials, and some of them have already been applied in clinical treatment. In this review, we outline the overall epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCI, expound on the latest research progress related to neural regeneration and circuit reconstruction in detail, and propose future directions for SCI repair and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Ren
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
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Raposo L, Cerqueira RJ, Leite S, Moreira-Costa L, Laundos TL, Miranda JO, Mendes-Ferreira P, Coelho JA, Gomes RN, Pinto-do-Ó P, Nascimento DS, Lourenço AP, Cardim N, Leite-Moreira A. Human-umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal cells improved left ventricular contractility independently of infarct size in swine myocardial infarction with reperfusion. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186574. [PMID: 37342444 PMCID: PMC10277821 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCM-MSC) have demonstrated beneficial effects in experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Reperfusion injury hampers myocardial recovery in a clinical setting and its management is an unmet need. We investigated the efficacy of intracoronary (IC) delivery of xenogeneic hUCM-MSC as reperfusion-adjuvant therapy in a translational model of AMI in swine. Methods In a placebo-controlled trial, pot-belied pigs were randomly assigned to a sham-control group (vehicle-injection; n = 8), AMI + vehicle (n = 12) or AMI + IC-injection (n = 11) of 5 × 105 hUCM-MSC/Kg, within 30 min of reperfusion. AMI was created percutaneously by balloon occlusion of the mid-LAD. Left-ventricular function was blindly evaluated at 8-weeks by invasive pressure-volume loop analysis (primary endpoint). Mechanistic readouts included histology, strength-length relationship in skinned cardiomyocytes and gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing. Results As compared to vehicle, hUCM-MSC enhanced systolic function as shown by higher ejection fraction (65 ± 6% vs. 43 ± 4%; p = 0.0048), cardiac index (4.1 ± 0.4 vs. 3.1 ± 0.2 L/min/m2; p = 0.0378), preload recruitable stroke work (75 ± 13 vs. 36 ± 4 mmHg; p = 0.0256) and end-systolic elastance (2.8 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 mmHg*m2/ml; p = 0.0663). Infarct size was non-significantly lower in cell-treated animals (13.7 ± 2.2% vs. 15.9 ± 2.7%; Δ = -2.2%; p = 0.23), as was interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the remote myocardium. Sarcomere active tension improved, and genes related to extracellular matrix remodelling (including MMP9, TIMP1 and PAI1), collagen fibril organization and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were downregulated in animals treated with hUCM-MSC. Conclusion Intracoronary transfer of xenogeneic hUCM-MSC shortly after reperfusion improved left-ventricular systolic function, which could not be explained by the observed extent of infarct size reduction alone. Combined contributions of favourable modification of myocardial interstitial fibrosis, matrix remodelling and enhanced cardiomyocyte contractility in the remote myocardium may provide mechanistic insight for the biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Raposo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Cruz - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Cardiovascular, Hospital da Luz – Lisboa, Luz Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui J. Cerqueira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Leite
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Anta Family Health Unit, Espinho/Gaia Healthcare Centre, Espinho, Portugal
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Moreira-Costa
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago L. Laundos
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana O. Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), UMR_S 999, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - João Almeida Coelho
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita N. Gomes
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S. Nascimento
- ICBAS- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- I3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André P. Lourenço
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cardim
- Centro Cardiovascular, Hospital da Luz – Lisboa, Luz Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Yu Y, Tham SK, Roslan FF, Shaharuddin B, Yong YK, Guo Z, Tan JJ. Large animal models for cardiac remuscularization studies: A methodological review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1011880. [PMID: 37008331 PMCID: PMC10050756 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1011880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of heart failure, one of the most fatal non-communicable diseases worldwide. The disease could potentially be treated if the dead, ischemic heart tissues are regenerated and replaced with viable and functional cardiomyocytes. Pluripotent stem cells have proven the ability to derive specific and functional cardiomyocytes in large quantities for therapy. To test the remuscularization hypothesis, the strategy to model the disease in animals must resemble the pathophysiological conditions of myocardial infarction as in humans, to enable thorough testing of the safety and efficacy of the cardiomyocyte therapy before embarking on human trials. Rigorous experiments and in vivo findings using large mammals are increasingly important to simulate clinical reality and increase translatability into clinical practice. Hence, this review focus on large animal models which have been used in cardiac remuscularization studies using cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. The commonly used methodologies in developing the myocardial infarction model, the choice of animal species, the pre-operative antiarrhythmics prophylaxis, the choice of perioperative sedative, anaesthesia and analgesia, the immunosuppressive strategies in allowing xenotransplantation, the source of cells, number and delivery method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Yu
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | | | - Fatin Fazrina Roslan
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bakiah Shaharuddin
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, China
- Correspondence: Jun Jie Tan Zhikun Guo
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Jun Jie Tan Zhikun Guo
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13
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Wang J, Cheng C, Liu Z, Lin Y, Yang L, Zhang Z, Sun X, Zhou M, Jing P, Zhong Z. Inhibition of A1 Astrocytes and Activation of A2 Astrocytes for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:767-780. [PMID: 36418652 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious injury to the central nervous system that causes significant physical and psychological trauma to the patient. SCI includes primary spinal cord injuries and secondary spinal cord injuries. The secondary injury refers to the pathological process or reaction after the primary injury. Although SCI has always been thought to be an incurable injury, the human nerve has the ability to repair itself after an injury. However, the reparability is limited because glial scar formation impedes functional recovery. There is a type of astrocyte that can differentiate into two forms of reactive astrocytes known as 'A1' and 'A2' astrocytes. A1 astrocytes release cytotoxic chemicals that cause neurons and oligodendrocytes to die and perform a harmful role. A2 astrocytes can produce neurotrophic factors and act as neuroprotectors. This article discusses ways to block A1 astrocytes while stimulating A2 astrocytes to formulate a new treatment for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Cai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoduan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Manshori M, Kazemnejad S, Naderi N, Darzi M, Aboutaleb N, Golshahi H. Greater angiogenic and immunoregulatory potency of bFGF and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine pre-treated menstrual blood stem cells in compare to bone marrow stem cells in rat model of myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:578. [PMID: 36587199 PMCID: PMC9805241 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-03032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is designed to compare the menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs)-secreted factors with or without pre-treatment regimen using basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza) and also regenerative capacity of pre-treated MenSCs and/or BMSCs in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS BMSCs and MenSCs were pre-treated with bFGF and 5-aza for 48 h and we compared the paracrine activity by western blotting. Furthermore, MI model was created and the animals were divided into sham, MI, pre-treated BMSCs, and pre-treated MenSCs groups. The stem cells were administrated via tail vain. 35 days post-MI, serum and tissue were harvested for further investigations. RESULTS Following pre-treatment, vascular endothelium growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and hepatocyte growth factor were significantly increased in secretome of MenSCs in compared to BMSCs. Moreover, systemic administration of pre-treated MenSCs, leaded to improvement of cardiac function, preservation of myocardium from further subsequent injuries, promotion the angiogenesis, and reduction the level of NF-κB expression in compared to the pre-treated BMSCs. Also, pre-treated MenSCs administration significantly decreased the serum level of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in compared to the pre-treated BMSCs and MI groups. CONCLUSIONS bFGF and 5-aza pre-treated MenSCs offer superior cardioprotection compare to bFGF and 5-aza pre-treated BMSCs following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Manshori
- grid.417689.5Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- grid.417689.5Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Darzi
- grid.417689.5Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Golshahi
- grid.417689.5Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Abdolmohammadi K, Mahmoudi T, Alimohammadi M, Tahmasebi S, Zavvar M, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy as a new therapeutic approach for acute inflammation. Life Sci 2022; 312:121206. [PMID: 36403645 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammatory diseases such as acute colitis, kidney injury, liver failure, lung injury, myocardial infarction, pancreatitis, septic shock, and spinal cord injury are significant causes of death worldwide. Despite advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology, there are many restrictions in the treatment of these diseases, and new therapeutic approaches are required. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy due to immunomodulatory and regenerative properties is a promising candidate for acute inflammatory disease management. Based on preclinical results, mesenchymal stem cells and their-derived secretome improved immunological and clinical parameters. Furthermore, many clinical trials of acute kidney, liver, lung, myocardial, and spinal cord injury have yielded promising results. In this review, we try to provide a comprehensive view of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in acute inflammatory diseases as a new treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Abdolmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mahmoudi
- 17 Shahrivar Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zavvar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanothechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Chetty S, Yarani R, Swaminathan G, Primavera R, Regmi S, Rai S, Zhong J, Ganguly A, Thakor AS. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells—from bench to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1006295. [PMID: 36313578 PMCID: PMC9597686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1006295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have generated a lot of attention due to their paracrine and immuno-modulatory properties. mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord (UC) are becoming increasingly recognized as having increased therapeutic potential when compared to mesenchymal stromal cells from other sources. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various compartments of umbilical cord tissue from which mesenchymal stromal cells can be isolated, the differences and similarities with respect to their regenerative and immuno-modulatory properties, as well as the single cell transcriptomic profiles of in vitro expanded and freshly isolated umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential and biodistribution of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells following systemic administration while providing an overview of pre-clinical and clinical trials involving umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells and their associated secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The clinical applications of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells are also discussed, especially in relation to obstacles and potential solutions for their effective translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Chetty
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ganesh Swaminathan
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Shobha Regmi
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sravanthi Rai
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jim Zhong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Avnesh S Thakor,
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17
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Sun Y, Wang TE, Hu Q, Zhang W, Zeng Y, Lai X, Zhang L, Shi M. Systematic comparation of the biological and transcriptomic landscapes of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells under serum-containing and serum-free conditions. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:490. [PMID: 36195964 PMCID: PMC9530421 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are splendid cell sources for clinical application in the administration of numerous refractory and relapse diseases. Despite the preferable prospect of serum-free (SF) condition for cell product standardization and pathogenic contamination remission, yet the systematic and detailed impact upon hAMSCs at both cellular and transcriptomic levels is largely obscure. Methods For the purpose, we preconditioned hAMSCs under serum-containing (SC) and SF medium for 48 h and compared the biological signatures and biofunctions from the view of cell morphology, immunophenotypes, multi-lineage differentiation in vitro, cell vitality, cytokine expression, and immunosuppressive effect upon the subpopulations of T lymphocytes, together with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling reactivation upon cell vitality. Meanwhile, we took advantage of RNA-SEQ and bioinformatic analyses to verify the gene expression profiling and genetic variation spectrum in the indicated hAMSCs. Results Compared with those maintained in SC medium, hAMSCs pretreated in SF conditions manifested conservation in cell morphology, immunophenotypes, adipogenic differentiation, and immunosuppressive effect upon the proliferation and activation of most of the T cell subpopulations, but with evaluated cytokine expression (e.g., TGF-β1, IDO1, NOS2) and declined osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation as well as proapoptotic and apoptotic cells. The declined proliferation in the SF group was efficiently rescued by PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling reactivation. Notably, hAMSCs cultured in SF and SC conditions revealed similarities in gene expression profiling and variations in genetic mutation at the transcriptome level. Instead, based on the differentially expressed genes and variable shear event analyses, we found those genes were mainly involved in DNA synthesis-, protein metabolism-, and cell vitality-associated biological processes and signaling pathways (e.g., P53, KRAS, PI3K-Akt-mTOR). Conclusions Collectively, our data revealed the multifaceted cellular and molecular properties of hAMSCs under SC and SF conditions, which suggested the feasibility of serum-free culture for the preferable preparation of standardized cell products for hAMSC drug development and clinical application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03179-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.,Department of Hematology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ti-Er Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Xun Lai
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province & NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Radiation Technology and Biophysics, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China. .,Center for Cellular Therapies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Mingxia Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China.
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18
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Overexpression of PYGO1 promotes early cardiac lineage development in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1722-1735. [PMID: 36085540 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease still has the highest mortality. Gene-modified mesenchymal stromal/stem cells could be a promising therapy. Pygo plays an important role in embryonic development and regulates life activities with a variety of regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the overexpression of the PYGO1 gene can promote the differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (HUC-MSCs) into early cardiac lineage cells and to preliminary explore the relevant mechanisms. In this study, HUC-MSCs were isolated by the explant method and were identified by flow cytometry and differentiation assay, followed by transfected with lentivirus carrying the PYGO1 plasmid. In PYGO1 group (cells were incubated with lentiviral-PYGO1), the mRNA expressions of cardiac differentiation-specific markers (MESP1, NKX2.5, GATA4, MEF2C, ISL1, TBX5, TNNT2, ACTC1, and MYH6 genes) and the protein expressions of NKX2.5 and cTnT were significantly up-regulated compared with the NC group (cells were incubated with lentiviral-empty vector). In addition, the proportion of NKX2.5, GATA4, and cTnT immunofluorescence-positive cells increased with the inducement time. Overexpression of PYGO1 statistically significantly increased the relative luciferase expression level of Topflash plasmid, the protein expression level of β-catenin and the mRNA expression level of CYCLIND1. Compared with the control group, decreased protein levels of NKX2.5 and cTnT were detected in PYGO1 group after application of XAV-939, the specific inhibitor of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our study suggests that overexpression of PYGO1 significantly promotes the differentiation of HUC-MSCs into early cardiac lineage cells, which is regulated by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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19
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Liu J, Liang X, Li M, Lin F, Ma X, Xin Y, Meng Q, Zhuang R, Zhang Q, Han W, Gao L, He Z, Zhou X, Liu Z. Intramyocardial injected human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSCs) contribute to the recovery of cardiac function and the migration of CD4 + T cells into the infarcted heart via CCL5/CCR5 signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:247. [PMID: 35690805 PMCID: PMC9188247 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSCs) have been recognized as a promising cell for treating myocardial infarction (MI). Inflammatory response post MI is critical in determining the cardiac function and subsequent adverse left ventricular remodeling. However, the local inflammatory effect of HucMSCs after intramyocardial injection in murine remains unclear. Methods HucMSCs were cultured and transplanted into the mice after MI surgery. Cardiac function of mice were analyzed among MI-N.S, MI-HucMSC and MI-HucMSC-C–C Motif Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist groups, and angiogenesis, fibrosis and hypertrophy, and immune cells infiltration of murine hearts were evaluated between MI-N.S and MI-HucMSC groups. We detected the expression of inflammatory cytokines and their effects on CD4+ T cells migration. Results HucMSCs treatment can significantly improve the cardiac function and some cells can survive at least 28 days after MI. Intramyocardial administration of HucMSCs also improved angiogenesis and alleviated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Moreover, we found the much higher numbers of CD4+ T cells and CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the heart with HucMSCs than that with N.S treatment on day 7 post MI. In addition, the protein level of C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) greatly increased in HucMSCs treated heart compared to MI-N.S group. In vitro, HucMSCs inhibited CD4+ T cells migration and addition of CCL5 antibody or CCR5 antagonist significantly reversed this effect. In vivo results further showed that addition of CCR5 antagonist can reduce the cardioprotective effect of HucMSCs administration on day 7 post MI injury. Conclusion These findings indicated that HucMSCs contributed to cardiac functional recovery and attenuated cardiac remodeling post MI. Intramyocardial injection of HucMSCs upregulated the CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs and contributed to the migration of CD4+ T cells into the injured heart via CCL5/CCR5 pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02914-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Mimi Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Xin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshu Meng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Rulin Zhuang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingliu Zhang
- Department of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shanghai, 200335, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Heart Failure Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Cui X, Sun G, Cao H, Liu Q, Liu K, Wang S, Zhu B, Gao X. Referred Somatic Hyperalgesia Mediates Cardiac Regulation by the Activation of Sympathetic Nerves in a Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:386-402. [PMID: 35471719 PMCID: PMC9068860 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia (MI) causes somatic referred pain and sympathetic hyperactivity, and the role of sensory inputs from referred areas in cardiac function and sympathetic hyperactivity remain unclear. Here, in a rat model, we showed that MI not only led to referred mechanical hypersensitivity on the forelimbs and upper back, but also elicited sympathetic sprouting in the skin of the referred area and C8-T6 dorsal root ganglia, and increased cardiac sympathetic tone, indicating sympathetic-sensory coupling. Moreover, intensifying referred hyperalgesic inputs with noxious mechanical, thermal, and electro-stimulation (ES) of the forearm augmented sympathetic hyperactivity and regulated cardiac function, whereas deafferentation of the left brachial plexus diminished sympathoexcitation. Intradermal injection of the α2 adrenoceptor (α2AR) antagonist yohimbine and agonist dexmedetomidine in the forearm attenuated the cardiac adjustment by ES. Overall, these findings suggest that sensory inputs from the referred pain area contribute to cardiac functional adjustment via peripheral α2AR-mediated sympathetic-sensory coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Honglei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Needling Manipulation, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xinyan Gao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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21
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Miloradovic D, Miloradovic D, Ljujic B, Jankovic MG. Optimal Delivery Route of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiac Repair: The Path to Good Clinical Practice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022:83-100. [PMID: 35389200 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a promising therapy for treating progressive heart disease. However, translation into clinics efficiently and successfully has proven to be much more complicated. Many questions remain for optimizing treatment. Application method influences destiny of MSCs and afterwards impacts results of procedure, yet there is no general agreement about most suitable method of MSC delivery in the clinical setting. Herein, we explain principle of most-frequent MSCs delivery techniques in cardiology. This chapter summarizes crucial translational obstacles of clinical employment of MSCs for cardiac repair when analysed trough a prism of latest research centred on different techniques of MSCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Miloradovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miloradovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic Jankovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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22
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Tang XL, Wysoczynski M, Gumpert AM, Li Y, Wu WJ, Li H, Stowers H, Bolli R. Effect of intravenous cell therapy in rats with old myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:431-444. [PMID: 34783963 PMCID: PMC8896398 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that cell therapy provides therapeutic benefits in experimental and clinical settings of chronic heart failure. However, direct cardiac delivery of cells via transendocardial injection is logistically complex, expensive, entails risks, and is not amenable to multiple dosing. Intravenous administration would be a more convenient and clinically applicable route for cell therapy. Thus, we determined whether intravenous infusion of three widely used cell types improves left ventricular (LV) function and structure and compared their efficacy. Rats with a 30-day-old myocardial infarction (MI) received intravenous infusion of vehicle (PBS) or 1 of 3 types of cells: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs), and c-kit-positive cardiac cells (CPCs), at a dose of 12 × 106 cells. Rats were followed for 35 days after treatment to determine LV functional status by serial echocardiography and hemodynamic studies. Blood samples were collected for Hemavet analysis to determine inflammatory cell profile. LV ejection fraction (EF) dropped ≥ 20 points in all hearts at 30 days after MI and deteriorated further at 35-day follow-up in the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, deterioration of EF was halted in rats that received MSCs and attenuated in those that received CMCs or CPCs. None of the 3 types of cells significantly altered scar size, myocardial content of collagen or CD45-positive cells, or Hemavet profile. This study demonstrates that a single intravenous administration of 3 types of cells in rats with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy is effective in attenuating the progressive deterioration in LV function. The extent of LV functional improvement was greatest with CPCs, intermediate with CMCs, and least with MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Anna M Gumpert
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wen-Jian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Heather Stowers
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson Street, ACB Bldg, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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23
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Barati S, Kashani IR, Tahmasebi F. The effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocyte and demyelination in the cuprizone model. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:333-346. [PMID: 35031895 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune disease, is characterized by symptoms such as demyelination, axonal damage, and astrogliosis. As the most abundant type of glial cells, astrocytes play an important role in MS pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of stromal cells that have the potential for migration, immune-modulation, differentiation, remyelination, and neuroregeneration. Therefore, the present study evaluates the effects of MSC transplantation on A1 reactive astrocytes and the remyelination process in the cuprizone mouse model. The study used 30 male C57BL/6 mice, which were randomly distributed into three subgroups (n = 10), i.e., control, cuprizone, and transplanted MSCs groups. In order to generate a chronic demyelination model, the mice in the cuprizone group received food mixed with 0.2% cuprizone powder for 12 weeks. Then, 2 μl of DMEM containing approximately 3 × 105 DiI labeled cells was injected with a 4-min interval into the right lateral ventricle using a 10-μl Hamilton syringe. After 2 weeks of cell transplantation, we used the rotarod test to evaluate the behavioral deficits, while the remyelination process was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining. We assessed the population of A1 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes using specific markers, such as C3, GFAP, and Olig2, using the immunefleurocent method. The pro-inflammatory and trophic factors were assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. According to our data, the specific marker of A1 astrocytes (C3) decreased in the MSCs group, while the number of oligodendrocytes significantly increased in this group compared to the cuprizone mice. Additionally, MSC was able to enhance the remyelination process after cuprizone usage, as shown by LFB and TEM images. The molecular results showed that MSCs could reduce pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-1 and TNF-α, through the secretion of BDNF and TGF-β as trophic factors. The obtained results indicated that MSC could reduce demyelination and inflammation by decreasing A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors secretion in the chronic cuprizone demyelination model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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24
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Pittenger MF, Eghtesad S, Sanchez PG, Liu X, Wu Z, Chen L, Griffith BP. MSC Pretreatment for Improved Transplantation Viability Results in Improved Ventricular Function in Infarcted Hearts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:694. [PMID: 35054878 PMCID: PMC8775864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many clinical studies utilizing MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, or multipotential stromal cells) are underway in multiple clinical settings; however, the ideal approach to prepare these cells in vitro and to deliver them to injury sites in vivo with maximal effectiveness remains a challenge. Here, pretreating MSCs with agents that block the apoptotic pathways were compared with untreated MSCs. The treatment effects were evaluated in the myocardial infarct setting following direct injection, and physiological parameters were examined at 4 weeks post-infarct in a rat permanent ligation model. The prosurvival treated MSCs were detected in the hearts in greater abundance at 1 week and 4 weeks than the untreated MSCs. The untreated MSCs improved ejection fraction in infarcted hearts from 61% to 77% and the prosurvival treated MSCs further improved ejection fraction to 83% of normal. The untreated MSCs improved fractional shortening in the infarcted heart from 52% to 68%, and the prosurvival treated MSCs further improved fractional shortening to 77% of normal. Further improvements in survival of the MSC dose seems possible. Thus, pretreating MSCs for improved in vivo survival has implications for MSC-based cardiac therapies and in other indications where improved cell survival may improve effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F. Pittenger
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.E.); (P.G.S.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Saman Eghtesad
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.E.); (P.G.S.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Pablo G. Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.E.); (P.G.S.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.E.); (P.G.S.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.E.); (P.G.S.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ling Chen
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bartley P. Griffith
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.E.); (P.G.S.); (X.L.); (Z.W.)
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25
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Zhao X, Li Q, Guo Z, Li Z. Constructing a cell microenvironment with biomaterial scaffolds for stem cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:583. [PMID: 34809719 PMCID: PMC8607654 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is widely recognized as a promising strategy for exerting therapeutic effects after injury in degenerative diseases. However, limitations such as low cell retention and survival rates after transplantation exist in clinical applications. In recent years, emerging biomaterials that provide a supportable cellular microenvironment for transplanted cells have optimized the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in injured tissues or organs. Advances in the engineered microenvironment are revolutionizing our understanding of stem cell-based therapies by co-transplanting with synthetic and tissue-derived biomaterials, which offer a scaffold for stem cells and propose an unprecedented opportunity to further employ significant influences in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zongjin Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China. .,Nankai University School of Medicine, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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26
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Ahani-Nahayati M, Niazi V, Moradi A, Pourjabbar B, Roozafzoon R, Baradaran-Rafii A, Keshel SH. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells potential to treat organ disorders; an emerging strategy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:126-146. [PMID: 34493190 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210907164046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted growing attention in the context of cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. Following the first successful procurement of human MSCs from bone marrow (BM), these cells isolation has been conducted from various origins, in particular, the umbilical cord (UC). Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UC-MSCs) can be acquired by a non-invasive plan and simply cultured, and thereby signifies their superiority over MSCs derived from other sources for medical purposes. Due to their unique attributes, including self-renewal, multipotency, and accessibility concomitant with their immunosuppressive competence and lower ethical concerns, UC-MSCs therapy is described as encouraging therapeutic options in cell-based therapies. Regardless of their unique aptitude to adjust inflammatory response during tissue recovery and delivering solid milieu for tissue restoration, UC-MSCs can be differentiated into a diverse spectrum of adult cells (e.g., osteoblast, chondrocyte, type II alveolar, hepatocyte, and cardiomyocyte). Interestingly, they demonstrate a prolonged survival and longer telomeres compared with MSCs derived from other sources, suggesting that UC-MSCs are desired source to use in regenerative medicine. In the present review, we deliver a brief review of UC-MSCs isolation, expansion concomitantly with immunosuppressive activities, and try to collect and discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical researches based on the use of UC-MSCs in regenerative medicine, focusing on with special focus on in vivo researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ahani-Nahayati
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran
| | - Bahareh Pourjabbar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran
| | - Reza Roozafzoon
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran
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Zhang LS, Yu Y, Yu H, Han ZC. Therapeutic prospects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases: From bench to bedside. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1058-1071. [PMID: 34567425 PMCID: PMC8422925 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become a sudden public emergency of international concern and seriously threatens millions of people’s life health. Two current studies have indicated a favorable role for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in clinical remission of COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases, yet the systematical elaboration of the therapeutics and underlying mechanism is far from satisfaction. In the present review, we summarize the therapeutic potential of MSCs in COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases such as pneumonia induced acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, we review the underlying mechanism of MSCs including direct- and trans-differentiation, autocrine and paracrine anti-inflammatory effects, homing, and neovascularization, as well as constitutive microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the prospects and supervision of MSC-based cytotherapy for COVID-19 management before large-scale application in clinical practice. Collectively, this review supplies overwhelming new references for understanding the landscapes of MSCs in the remission of COVID-19 associated pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Sheng Zhang
- Qianfoshan Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhong-Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
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Foo JB, Looi QH, Chong PP, Hassan NH, Yeo GEC, Ng CY, Koh B, How CW, Lee SH, Law JX. Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:2616807. [PMID: 34422061 PMCID: PMC8378970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2616807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy involves the transplantation of human cells to replace or repair the damaged tissues and modulate the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the body. Nowadays, many different types of cell-based therapy are developed and used to treat a variety of diseases. In the past decade, cell-free therapy has emerged as a novel approach in regenerative medicine after the discovery that the transplanted cells exerted their therapeutic effect mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors. More and more evidence showed that stem cell-derived secretome, i.e., growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can repair the injured tissues as effectively as the cells. This finding has spurred a new idea to employ secretome in regenerative medicine. Despite that, will cell-free therapy slowly replace cell therapy in the future? Or are these two modes of treatment still needed to address different diseases and conditions? This review provides an indepth discussion about the values of stem cells and secretome in regenerative medicine. In addition, the safety, efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of using these two modes of treatment in regenerative medicine are also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- My Cytohealth Sdn Bhd, Bandar Seri Petaling, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pan Pan Chong
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Hassan
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Genieve Ee Chia Yeo
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Raposo L, Lourenço AP, Nascimento DS, Cerqueira R, Cardim N, Leite-Moreira A. Human umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells as adjuvant therapy for myocardial infarction: a review of current evidence focusing on pre-clinical large animal models and early human trials. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:974-979. [PMID: 34112613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although biologically appealing, the concept of tissue regeneration underlying first- and second-generation cell therapies has failed to translate into consistent results in clinical trials. Several types of cells from different origins have been tested in pre-clinical models and in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained attention because of their potential for immune modulation and ability to promote endogenous tissue repair, mainly through their secretome. MSCs can be easily obtained from several human tissues, the umbilical cord being the most abundant source, and further expanded in culture, making them attractive as an allogeneic "of-the-shelf" cell product, suitable for the AMI setting. The available evidence concerning umbilical cord-derived MSCs in AMI is reviewed, focusing on large animal pre-clinical studies and early human trials. Molecular and cellular mechanisms as well as current limitations and possible translational solutions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Raposo
- Cardiology Department, Santa Cruz Hospital, West Lisbon Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal; Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Luz Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - André P Lourenço
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Centre São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Cerqueira
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Centre São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cardim
- Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Luz Saúde, Lisbon, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Centre São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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MiR-467a-5p aggravates myocardial infarction by modulating ZEB1 expression in mice. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:767-780. [PMID: 33997926 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a great threat to patients all over the word. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs and can regulate initiation and progression of MI. The current research aimed to investigate the role of miR-467a-5p in MI. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to detective relative expression of miR-467a-5p in cardiac tissues and mouse cardiomyocytes (MCMs). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to reveal the histology of the myocardium. Echocardiography was utilized to reveal cardiac function of mice. Flow cytometer analysis was used to reveal cell apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay was applied for determining the binding capacity between molecules. We discovered that the level of miR-467a-5p was up-regulated in MI mice and in MCMs induced by H2O2 or hypoxia. Functionally, an elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter, as well as a decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening were observed in MI mice. In addition, deficiency of miR-467a-5p improved MI in mice by increasing the contents of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde and reducing the activity of superoxide dismutase in serum. Moreover, silencing of miR-467a-5p reversed hypoxia-induced apoptosis of MCMs. Mechanistically, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was confirmed as the target of miR-467a-5p. Moreover, miR-467a-5p negatively regulated ZEB1 level in MI mice and MCMs. Finally, the promotive effect of miR-467a-5p inhibition on cell apoptosis was reversed by knockdown of ZEB1. All the experimental results demonstrate that miR-467a-5p aggravates MI by modulating ZEB1 expression in mice, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for MI.
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Shin HS, Shin HH, Shudo Y. Current Status and Limitations of Myocardial Infarction Large Animal Models in Cardiovascular Translational Research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673683. [PMID: 33996785 PMCID: PMC8116580 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing an appropriate disease model that mimics the complexities of human cardiovascular disease is critical for evaluating the clinical efficacy and translation success. The multifaceted and complex nature of human ischemic heart disease is difficult to recapitulate in animal models. This difficulty is often compounded by the methodological biases introduced in animal studies. Considerable variations across animal species, modifications made in surgical procedures, and inadequate randomization, sample size calculation, blinding, and heterogeneity of animal models used often produce preclinical cardiovascular research that looks promising but is irreproducible and not translatable. Moreover, many published papers are not transparent enough for other investigators to verify the feasibility of the studies and the therapeutics' efficacy. Unfortunately, successful translation of these innovative therapies in such a closed and biased research is difficult. This review discusses some challenges in current preclinical myocardial infarction research, focusing on the following three major inhibitors for its successful translation: Inappropriate disease model, frequent modifications to surgical procedures, and insufficient reporting transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Heather Hyeyoon Shin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Shudo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Bolli R, Solankhi M, Tang XL, Kahlon A. Cell Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review and Emerging Concepts. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:951-976. [PMID: 33871588 PMCID: PMC8930075 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the results of clinical trials of cell therapy in patients with heart failure (HF). In contrast to acute myocardial infarction (where results have been consistently negative for more than a decade), in the setting of HF the results of Phase I–II trials are encouraging, both in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Several well-designed Phase II studies have met their primary endpoint and demonstrated an efficacy signal, which is remarkable considering that only one dose of cells was used. That an efficacy signal was seen 6–12 months after a single treatment provides a rationale for larger, rigorous trials. Importantly, no safety concerns have emerged. Amongst the various cell types tested, mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord, or adipose tissue show the greatest promise. In contrast, embryonic stem cells are not likely to become a clinical therapy. Unfractionated BM cells and cardiosphere-derived cells have been abandoned. The cell products used for HF will most likely be allogeneic. New approaches, such as repeated cell treatment and intravenous delivery, may revolutionize the field. As is the case for most new therapies, the development of cell therapies for HF has been slow, plagued by multifarious problems, and punctuated by many setbacks; at present, the utility of cell therapy in HF remains to be determined. What the field needs is rigorous, well-designed Phase III trials. The most important things to move forward are to keep an open mind, avoid preconceived notions, and let ourselves be guided by the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Mitesh Solankhi
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Xiang-Liang Tang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
| | - Arunpreet Kahlon
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292
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33
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Rubinstein L, Paul AM, Houseman C, Abegaz M, Tabares Ruiz S, O’Neil N, Kunis G, Ofir R, Cohen J, Ronca AE, Globus RK, Tahimic CGT. Placenta-Expanded Stromal Cell Therapy in a Rodent Model of Simulated Weightlessness. Cells 2021; 10:940. [PMID: 33921854 PMCID: PMC8073415 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long duration spaceflight poses potential health risks to astronauts during flight and re-adaptation after return to Earth. There is an emerging need for NASA to provide successful and reliable therapeutics for long duration missions when capability for medical intervention will be limited. Clinically relevant, human placenta-derived therapeutic stromal cells (PLX-PAD) are a promising therapeutic alternative. We found that treatment of adult female mice with PLX-PAD near the onset of simulated weightlessness by hindlimb unloading (HU, 30 d) was well-tolerated and partially mitigated decrements caused by HU. Specifically, PLX-PAD treatment rescued HU-induced thymic atrophy, and mitigated HU-induced changes in percentages of circulating neutrophils, but did not rescue changes in the percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, T-cells and splenic atrophy. Further, PLX-PAD partially mitigated HU effects on the expression of select cytokines in the hippocampus. In contrast, PLX-PAD failed to protect bone and muscle from HU-induced effects, suggesting that the mechanisms which regulate the structure of these mechanosensitive tissues in response to disuse are discrete from those that regulate the immune- and central nervous system (CNS). These findings support the therapeutic potential of placenta-derived stromal cells for select physiological deficits during simulated spaceflight. Multiple countermeasures are likely needed for comprehensive protection from the deleterious effects of prolonged spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rubinstein
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA; (L.R.); (A.M.P.)
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Amber M. Paul
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA; (L.R.); (A.M.P.)
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
- Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
| | - Charles Houseman
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98154, USA
| | - Metadel Abegaz
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98154, USA
| | - Steffy Tabares Ruiz
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98154, USA
| | - Nathan O’Neil
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98154, USA
| | - Gilad Kunis
- Pluristem Ltd., Haifa 31905, Israel; (G.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Racheli Ofir
- Pluristem Ltd., Haifa 31905, Israel; (G.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Jacob Cohen
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
| | - April E. Ronca
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
- Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ruth K. Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
| | - Candice G. T. Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (C.H.); (M.A.); (S.T.R.); (N.O.); (J.C.); (A.E.R.); (R.K.G.)
- KBR, Houston, TX 77002, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Geng H, Su Y, Huang R, Fan M, Li X, Lu X, Sheng H. Specific protein 1 inhibitor mithramycin A protects cardiomyocytes from myocardial infarction via interacting with PARP. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:315-323. [PMID: 33580416 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Specific protein 1 (SP1) might act as a critical transcription regulator in myocardial infarction (MI), but little evidence about its function in regulating cardiac apoptosis, a major cause of MI development, has been revealed. This study tried to investigate the role of SP1 in MI and its interaction with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)-1 by using SP1 inhibitor, mithramycin A (mithA). Primary mouse cardiomyocytes and commercial mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to mithA treatment under hypoxia conditions, while cell viability, Nix promoter activity, and its expression were detected correspondingly. PARP overexpression and knockdown were conducted, respectively, in mithA-treated and SP1-overexpressing cells. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between PARP and SP1. For in vivo experiments, mithA administration was performed after the injections of adenovirus for PARP overexpression, and then, MI introduction was carried out. Infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase level were measured to assess MI injury. SP1 inhibitor mithA attenuated hypoxia-induced decrease of cell viability and Nix transcriptional activation, which could be inhibited by PARP overexpression. Knockdown of PARP prevented SP1-induced transcription of Nix and cell viability change, and PARP showed direct interaction with SP1. Furthermore, mithA administration reduced MI injuries, while PARP overexpression could suppress the improvement. The cardioprotective role of SP1 inhibitor mithA was demonstrated here expanding the role of SP1 in MI development involving hypoxia-induced cardiac apoptosis. Moreover, PARP acted as a transcriptional coactivator in Nix transcription involving its interaction with SP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Rd, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamin Su
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Rd, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Rd, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengkang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Rd, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Rd, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Rd, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongzhuan Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Rd, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang AT, Zhao M, Feng Y, Jia H, Zhang L, Yu H, Li Z, Han Z, Han Z. Multifaceted Optimization of MSC-Based Formulation upon Sodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis Models by Combining Advantageous HA/PG Hydrogel and Fluorescent Tracer. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1-13. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8827212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the boundedness of conventional remedies upon articular cartilage for self-rehabilitation and the incrementally senior citizens, the incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing worldwide. Empirical studies have revealed the advantageous and promising potentials of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) on the refractory OA, whereas the deficiency of systematic and detailed exploration of MSC-based therapy largely hampers the large-scale applications in regenerative medicine. Herein, we initially utilized the monosodium iodoacetate- (MIA-) induced OA rabbit models and investigated the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord-derived UC-MSCs at serial dose gradients with the splendid hyaluronic acid and/or propylene glycol hydrogels (HA, HA/PG), respectively. Afterwards, we turned to a dual-luciferase reporter tracing system and evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and metabolokinetics of bifluorescence expressing UC-MSCs (BF-MSCs) in OA rats. Of the aforementioned trials, we verified that the combination of HA/PG and middle-dose MSCs (
cells/ml) eventually manifested the optimal efficacy on OA rabbits. Furthermore, with the aid of the bioluminescence imaging (BLI) technology for dynamic in vitro and in vivo tracking, we intuitively delineated the spatiotemporal distribution and therapeutic process of BF-MSCs in OA rats, which substantially confirmed the reinforcement of HA/PG on BF-MSCs for OA treatment. Collectively, our data conformably demonstrated that the middle dose of UC-MSCs combined with HA/PG hydrogel was sufficient for optimal MSC-based formulation for blocking OA progression and promoting cartilage repair, which supplied overwhelming new references and enlightened MSC-based therapeutic strategies for cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-tong Wang
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Honghong Jia
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd., Shangrao 334000, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Cell Products of National Engineering Center & National Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Tianjin IMCELL Stem Cell and Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
- Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd., Shangrao 334000, China
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Zhang L, Wei Y, Chi Y, Liu D, Yang S, Han Z, Li Z. Two-step generation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from human pluripotent stem cells with reinforced efficacy upon osteoarthritis rabbits by HA hydrogel. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:6. [PMID: 33407870 PMCID: PMC7787598 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current studies have enlightened the rosy prospects of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine. However, systematic investigation of their signatures and applications with alternative biomaterials in osteoarthritis (OA) remains indistinct. Methods Herein, we initially took advantage of a small molecule library-mediated programming strategy for hPSC-MSC induction. Then, with the aid of multifaceted analyses such as flow cytometry (FCM), chromosome karyocyte and cell vitality, wound healing and microtubule formation assay and coculturing with T lymphocytes, we systematically evaluated the characterizations of signatures in vitro and the in vivo efficacy of hPSC-MSCs and HA hydrogel composite on rabbit osteoarthritis model. Results We found the combination of LLY-507 and AZD5153 was sufficient for high-efficiency CD73+CD90+CD105+CD31−CD34−CD45−HLA-DR− MSC induction from both hESCs and hiPSCs with stemness (POU5F1/SOX2/NANOG). The programmed hPSC-MSCs revealed conservative transcriptome variations and went through a heterogeneous intermediate-stage with mesenchymal-associated gene expression (NT5E, ENG, VIM and FN1) as well as displayed typical cytomorphology, immunophenotypes and normal karyotyping, multilineage differentiation potential, favorable cell vitality, proangiogenic and immunoregulatory properties in vitro. Meanwhile, the cell population exhibited preferable restorative and ameliorative function on OA rabbits with HA hydrogel in vivo. Conclusions Collectively, we established a rapid and convenient procedure for hPSC-MSC generation without redundant manipulations. The fundamental and clinical studies upon osteoarthritis (OA) treatment would benefit tremendously from the combination of the inexhaustible hPSC-MSCs and advantageous biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisheng Zhang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,The Enterprise Postdoctoral Working Station, Tianjin Chase Sun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Ji-nan, 250014, China. .,Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd, Shangrao, 334000, China.
| | - Yimeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ying Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dengke Liu
- The Enterprise Postdoctoral Working Station, Tianjin Chase Sun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Sijun Yang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Jiangxi Research Center of Stem Cell Engineering, Jiangxi Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co., Ltd, Shangrao, 334000, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Progress and Challenges of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells in Therapy of Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010102. [PMID: 33374215 PMCID: PMC7794729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, claiming an estimated total of 17.9 million lives each year, of which one-third of the people are under the age of 70 years. Since adult cardiomyocytes fail to regenerate, the heart loses the ability to repair itself after an injury, making patients with heart disease suffer from poor prognosis. Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro through a well-established process, which is a new advancement in cardiac regeneration therapy. However, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have certain drawbacks, such as the risk of arrhythmia and immune incompatibility. Thus, amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs), a relatively novel source of stem cells, have been exploited for their ability of pluripotent differentiation. In addition, since AFSCs are weakly positive for the major histocompatibility class II molecules, they may have high immune tolerance. In summary, the possibility of development of cardiomyocytes from AFSCs, as well as their transplantation in host cells to produce mechanical contraction, has been discussed. Thus, this review article highlights the progress of AFSC therapy and its application in the treatment of heart diseases in recent years.
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Xie Q, Liu R, Jiang J, Peng J, Yang C, Zhang W, Wang S, Song J. What is the impact of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on clinical treatment? Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:519. [PMID: 33261658 PMCID: PMC7705855 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) present in the umbilical cord tissue are self-renewing and multipotent. They can renew themselves continuously and, under certain conditions, differentiate into one or more cell types constituting human tissues and organs. HUC-MSCs differentiate, among others, into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes and have the ability to secrete cytokines. The possibility of noninvasive harvesting and low immunogenicity of HUC-MSCs give them a unique advantage in clinical applications. In recent years, HUC-MSCs have been widely used in clinical practice, and some progress has been made in their use for therapeutic purposes. Main body This article describes two aspects of the clinical therapeutic effects of HUC-MSCs. On the one hand, it explains the benefits and mechanisms of HUC-MSC treatment in various diseases. On the other hand, it summarizes the results of basic research on HUC-MSCs related to clinical applications. The first part of this review highlights several functions of HUC-MSCs that are critical for their therapeutic properties: differentiation into terminal cells, immune regulation, paracrine effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-fibrotic effects, and regulating non-coding RNA. These characteristics of HUC-MSCs are discussed in the context of diabetes and its complications, liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, arthritis, brain injury and cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, spinal cord injury, respiratory diseases, viral infections, and other diseases. The second part emphasizes the need to establish an HUC-MSC cell bank, discusses tumorigenicity of HUC-MSCs and the characteristics of different in vitro generations of these cells in the treatment of diseases, and provides technical and theoretical support for the clinical applications of HUC-MSCs. Conclusion HUC-MSCs can treat a variety of diseases clinically and have achieved good therapeutic effects, and the development of HUC-MSC assistive technology has laid the foundation for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Xie
- Anhui Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Anhui Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Song
- Anhui Key Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Hou H, Zhang L, Duan L, Liu Y, Han Z, Li Z, Cao X. Spatio-Temporal Metabolokinetics and Efficacy of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells on Mice with Refractory Crohn's-like Enterocutaneous Fistula. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1292-1304. [PMID: 33011925 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) with externally fistulizing openings indicates the aggressive and relapsing manifestation and results in undesirable long-term outcomes of patients. MSC-based approach combined with multidisciplinary strategy has mandated a redefinition of the administration and management of numerous recurrent and refractory diseases whereas the spatio-temporal evaluation of the metabolokinetics and efficacy of MSCs on intractable CD with enterocutaneous fistula (EF) are largely inaccessible and dauntingly complex. Herein, we primitively established dual-fluorescence expressing placenta-derived MSCs (DF-MSCs) and explored their multidimensional attributes, including cytomorphology, immunophenotying, multilineage differentiation and long-term proliferation, together with the recognition of bifluorescence intensity (BLI). Then, with the aid of in vivo living imaging, clinicopathological or inflammatory cytokine examinations and in vitro analyses, we systematically and meticulously dissected the metabolokinetics and curative effect of MSCs on mice with refractory Crohn's-like EF (EF mice), together with revealing the underlying mechanism including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neovascularization. Strikingly, the DF-MSCs exhibited stabilized BLI and biological properties. The spatio-temporal distribution and therapeutic process of MSCs in EF mice were intuitively delineated. Meanwhile, our data indicated the curative mechanisms of DF-MSCs by simultaneously downregulating ROS and accelerating neovascularization. Collectively, we systematically illuminated the spatio-temporal biofunction and mechanism of DF-MSCs on EF mice. Our findings have supplied new references for safety and effectiveness assessments as well as the establishment of guidelines for optimal administrations of MSC-based cytotherapy in preclinical studies, which collectively indicates the prospect of P-MSC administration in clinical trials during a wide spectrum of disease remodeling including the fistulizing CD. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China. .,Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China.
| | - Liyun Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & National Clinical Research Center for Blood Disease, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.,Precision Medicine Division, Health-Biotech (Tianjin) Stem Cell Research Institute Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Ramallo M, Carreras-Sánchez I, López-Fernández A, Vélez R, Aguirre M, Feldman S, Vives J. Advances in translational orthopaedic research with species-specific multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:19-30. [PMID: 32914860 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compliance with current regulations for the development of innovative medicines require the testing of candidate therapies in relevant translational animal models prior to human use. This poses a great challenge when the drug is composed of cells, not only because of the living nature of the active ingredient but also due to its human origin, which can subsequently lead to a xenogeneic response in the animals. Although immunosuppression is a plausible solution, this is not suitable for large animals and may also influence the results of the study by altering mechanisms of action that are, in fact, poorly understood. For this reason, a number of procedures have been developed to isolate homologous species-specific cell types to address preclinical pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. In this work, we present and discuss advances in the methodologies for derivation of multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from the umbilical cord, in general, and Wharton's jelly, in particular, from medium to large animals of interest in orthopaedics research, as well as current and potential applications in studies addressing proof of concept and preclinical regulatory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ramallo
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM, - Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory, Biological Chemistry Cat., School of Medicine, National Rosario University, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Alba López-Fernández
- Servei de Teràpia Cellular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain.,Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Vélez
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Màrius Aguirre
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Feldman
- School of Medicine, LABOATEM, - Osteoarticular Biology, Tissue Engineering and Emerging Therapies Laboratory, Biological Chemistry Cat., School of Medicine, National Rosario University, Argentina.,Researh Council of the Rosario National University, (CIUNR) and CONICET, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Servei de Teràpia Cellular, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain.,Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hess A, Nekolla SG, Meier M, Bengel FM, Thackeray JT. Accuracy of cardiac functional parameters measured from gated radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in mice. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1317-1327. [PMID: 31044402 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative cardiac contractile function assessment is the primary indicator of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in small animals. Operator dependency is a major challenge with commonly used echocardiography. Simultaneous assessment of cardiac perfusion and function in nuclear scans would reduce burden on the animal and facilitate longitudinal studies. We evaluated the accuracy of contractile function measurements obtained from electrocardiogram-gated nuclear perfusion imaging compared with anatomic imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS In healthy C57Bl/6N mice (n = 11), 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT and 13N-ammonia PET underestimated left ventricular volumes (23 to 28%, P = 0.02) compared to matched anatomic images, though ejection fraction (LVEF) was comparable (%, SPECT: 73 ± 8 vs CMR: 72 ± 6, P = 0.1). At 1 week after myocardial infarction (n = 13), LV volumes were significantly lower in perfusion images compared to CMR and contrast CT (P = 0.003), and LVEF was modestly overestimated (%, SPECT: 37 ± 8, vs CMR: 27 ± 7, P = 0.003). Nuclear images exhibited good intra- and inter-reader agreement. Perfusion SPECT accurately calculated infarct size compared to histology (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac function can be calculated by gated nuclear perfusion imaging in healthy mice. After infarction, perfusion imaging overestimates LVEF, which should be considered for comparison to other modalities. Combined functional and infarct size analysis may optimize imaging protocols and reduce anaesthesia duration for longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hess
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Imaging Center of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - James T Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Wang L, Zhang L, Liang X, Zou J, Liu N, Liu T, Wang G, Ding X, Liu Y, Zhang B, Liang R, Wang S. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells from Type 2 Diabetics Reveal Conservative Alterations in Multidimensional Characteristics. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:268-278. [PMID: 32587133 PMCID: PMC7378902 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are recognized as an advantaged source for the prevention and treatment of diverse diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, alterations in characteristics of ASCs from the aforementioned T2DM patients are still obscure, which also hinder the rigorous and systematic illumination of progression and pathogenesis. Methods and Results In this study, we originally isolated peripancreatic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells from both human type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic donors (T2DM-ASCs, ND-ASCs) with the parental consent, respectively. We noticed that T2DM-ASCs exhibited indistinguishable immunophenotype, cell vitality, chondrogenic differentiation and stemness as ND-ASCs. Simultaneously, there’s merely alterations in migration and immunoregulatory capacities in T2DM-ASCs. However, differing from ND-ASCs, T2DM-ASCs exhibited deficiency in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and in particular, the delayed cell cycle and different cytokine expression spectrum. Conclusions The conservative alterations of T2DM-ASCs in multifaceted characteristics indicated the possibility of autologous application of ASCs for cell-based T2DM treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Leisheng Zhang
- The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengli Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanqiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejie Ding
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaojuan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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Mokhtari B, Aboutaleb N, Nazarinia D, Nikougoftar M, Razavi Tousi SMT, Molazem M, Azadi MR. Comparison of the effects of intramyocardial and intravenous injections of human mesenchymal stem cells on cardiac regeneration after heart failure. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:879-885. [PMID: 32774809 PMCID: PMC7395194 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.40886.9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Existing studies have demonstrated that intravenous and intramyocardial-administrated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) lead to tissue repair after cardiac disorders. We compared the efficiency of both administration methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of isoproterenol-induced heart failure (ISO-HF) was established to compare the effects of intravenous and intramyocardial-administrated MSCs on cardiac fibrosis and function. The animals were randomly assigned into six groups: i) control or normal, ii) ISO-HF (HF) iii) ISO-HF rats treated with intramyocardial administration of culture medium (HF+IM/CM), iv) ISO-HF rats treated with intravenous administration of culture medium ( HF+IV/CM), v) ISO-HF rats treated with intravenous administration of MSCs (HF+IV/MSCs), vi) ISO-HF rats treated with intramyocardial administration of MSCs ( HF+IM/MSCs). Cultured MSCs and culture medium were administrated at 4 weeks after final injection of ISO. Heart function, identification of MSCs, osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation, cardiac fibrosis and tissue damage were evaluated by echocardiography, flow-cytometery, von Kossa, oil red O, Masson's trichrome and H & E staining, respectively. RESULTS Both intravenous and intramyocardial MSCs therapy significantly improved heart function and reduced cardiac fibrosis and tissue damage (P<0.05), whereas the cultured medium had no beneficial effects. CONCLUSION In sum, our results confirm the validity of both administration methods in recovery of HF, but more future research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donya Nazarinia
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Molazem
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Azadi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jin G, Li W, Song F, Zhao J, Wang M, Liu Q, Li A, Huang G, Xu F. Fluorescent conjugated polymer nanovector for in vivo tracking and regulating the fate of stem cells for restoring infarcted myocardium. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:195-207. [PMID: 32294553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for cardiac regeneration. However, the lack of ability to control stem cell fate after in vivo transplantation greatly restricts its therapeutic outcomes. MicroRNA delivery has emerged as a powerful tool to control stem cell fate for enhanced cardiac regeneration. However, the clinical translation of therapy based on gene-transfected stem cells remains challenging, due to the unknown in vivo behaviors of stem cells. Here, we developed a nano-platform (i.e., PFBT@miR-1-Tat NPs) that can achieve triggered release of microRNA-1 to promote cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and long-term tracking of transplanted MSCs through bright and ultra-stable fluorescence of conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT). We found that PFBT@miR-1-Tat NP-treated MSCs significantly restored the infarcted myocardium by promoting stem cell cardiac differentiation and integration with the in situ cardiac tissues. Meanwhile, MSCs without gene delivery improved the infarcted heart functions mainly through a paracrine effect and blood vessel formation. The developed conjugated polymer nanovector should be a powerful tool for manipulating as well as revealing the fate of therapeutic cells in vivo, which is critical for optimizing the therapeutic route of gene and cell combined therapy and therefore for accelerating clinical translation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lack of controllability in stem cell fate and the unclear in vivo cellular behaviors restrict the therapeutic outcomes of stem cell therapy. Herein, we engineered fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles as gene delivery nanovectors with controlled release and high intracellular delivery capability to harness the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo, meanwhile to reveal the cellular mechanism of gene-treated stem cell therapy. As compared with only MSC treatment that improves infarcted myocardium functions through paracrine effect, treatment with conjugated polymer nanovector-treated MSCs significantly restored infarcted myocardium through enhancing MSC cardiac differentiation and integration with the in-situ cardiac tissues. These findings demonstrate that the conjugated polymer nanovector would be a powerful tool in optimizing gene and cell combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenfang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Lab Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Macrophage Subpopulation Dynamics Shift following Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2007-2022. [PMID: 32531238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is thought to be a viable treatment for numerous disorders. Although the intrinsic immunosuppressive ability of MSCs has been credited for this therapeutic effect, their exact impact on endogenous tissue-resident cells following delivery has not been clearly characterized. Moreover, multiple studies have reported pulmonary sequestration of MSCs upon intravenous delivery. Despite substantial efforts to improve MSC homing, it remains unclear whether MSC migration to the site of injury is necessary to achieve a therapeutic effect. Using a murine excisional wound healing model, we offer an explanation of how sequestered MSCs improve healing through their systemic impact on macrophage subpopulations. We demonstrate that infusion of MSCs leads to pulmonary entrapment followed by rapid clearance, but also significantly accelerates wound closure. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of the wound, we show that following MSC delivery, innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, exhibit distinctive transcriptional changes. We identify the appearance of a pro-angiogenic CD9+ macrophage subpopulation, whose induction is mediated by several proteins secreted by MSCs, including COL6A1, PRG4, and TGFB3. Our findings suggest that MSCs do not need to act locally to induce broad changes in the immune system and ultimately treat disease.
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Maghin E, Garbati P, Quarto R, Piccoli M, Bollini S. Young at Heart: Combining Strategies to Rejuvenate Endogenous Mechanisms of Cardiac Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:447. [PMID: 32478060 PMCID: PMC7237726 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
True cardiac regeneration of the injured heart has been broadly described in lower vertebrates by active replacement of lost cardiomyocytes to functionally and structurally restore the myocardial tissue. On the contrary, following severe injury (i.e., myocardial infarction) the adult mammalian heart is endowed with an impaired reparative response by means of meager wound healing program and detrimental remodeling, which can lead over time to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Lately, a growing body of basic, translational and clinical studies have supported the therapeutic use of stem cells to provide myocardial regeneration, with the working hypothesis that stem cells delivered to the cardiac tissue could result into new cardiovascular cells to replenish the lost ones. Nevertheless, multiple independent evidences have demonstrated that injected stem cells are more likely to modulate the cardiac tissue via beneficial paracrine effects, which can enhance cardiac repair and reinstate the embryonic program and cell cycle activity of endogenous cardiac stromal cells and resident cardiomyocytes. Therefore, increasing interest has been addressed to the therapeutic profiling of the stem cell-derived secretome (namely the total of cell-secreted soluble factors), with specific attention to cell-released extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, carrying cardioprotective and regenerative RNA molecules. In addition, the use of cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix has been recently suggested as promising biomaterial to develop novel therapeutic strategies for myocardial repair, as either source of molecular cues for regeneration, biological scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering or biomaterial platform for the functional release of factors. In this review, we will specifically address the translational relevance of these two approaches with ad hoc interest in their feasibility to rejuvenate endogenous mechanisms of cardiac repair up to functional regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Maghin
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Garbati
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Quarto
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,UOC Cellular Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Hotham WE, Henson FMD. The use of large animals to facilitate the process of MSC going from laboratory to patient-'bench to bedside'. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:103-114. [PMID: 32206986 PMCID: PMC7196082 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Large animal models have been widely used to facilitate the translation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the laboratory to patient. MSC, with their multi-potent capacity, have been proposed to have therapeutic benefits in a number of pathological conditions. Laboratory studies allow the investigation of cellular and molecular interactions, while small animal models allow initial 'proof of concept' experiments. Large animals (dogs, pigs, sheep, goats and horses) are more similar physiologically and structurally to man. These models have allowed clinically relevant assessments of safety, efficacy and dosing of different MSC sources prior to clinical trials. In this review, we recapitulate the use of large animal models to facilitate the use of MSC to treat myocardial infarction-an example of one large animal model being considered the 'gold standard' for research and osteoarthritis-an example of the complexities of using different large animal models in a multifactorial disease. These examples show how large animals can provide a research platform that can be used to evaluate the value of cell-based therapies and facilitate the process of 'bench to bedside'.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Hotham
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - F M D Henson
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
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Ke X, Li M, Wang X, Liang J, Wang X, Wu S, Long M, Hu C. An injectable chitosan/dextran/β -glycerophosphate hydrogel as cell delivery carrier for therapy of myocardial infarction. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Human Supernumerary Teeth-Derived Apical Papillary Stem Cells Possess Preferable Characteristics and Efficacy on Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:6489396. [PMID: 32399047 PMCID: PMC7204141 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6489396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental tissue has been acknowledged as an advantaged source for high-quality dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) preparation. However, despite the accomplishment of the separation of DPSCs from permanent teeth and supernumerary teeth, the deficiency of rigorous and systematic clarification on the signatures and efficacy will hinder their prospects in regenerative medicine. In this study, we primitively isolated permanent teeth-derived DPSCs and supernumerary teeth-derived apical papillary stem cells (SCAP-Ss) with parental consent. Immunophenotype of DPSCs and SCAP-Ss was determined by a flow cytometry assay, and the cell viability was verified by multidimensional detections including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and senescence. The migration and clonogenic capacity were examined by a wound healing test and crystal violet staining, respectively. The multilineage differentiation potential was quantitated by utilizing Oil Red O staining and Alizarin Red staining, together with real-time PCR analysis. The efficacy on a mouse hepatic fibrosis model was evaluated by using histologic sections and liver function tests. Herein, we showed that SCAP-Ss exhibited comparable immunophenotype and adipogenic differentiation capacity as DPSCs. However, different from DPSCs, SCAP-Ss exhibited superiority in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. Simultaneously, injection of DPSCs and SCAP-Ss significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration, enhanced liver-associated gene expression, and finally relieved symptoms of hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, SCAP-Ss possess preferable characteristics and efficacy on hepatic fibrosis in mice. Our findings suggest that SCAP-Ss are an easily accessible postnatal stem cell source with multifaceted characteristics for regenerative medicine.
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Chen Y, Li C, Li C, Chen J, Li Y, Xie H, Lin C, Fan M, Guo Y, Gao E, Yan W, Tao L. Tailorable Hydrogel Improves Retention and Cardioprotection of Intramyocardial Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013784. [PMID: 31955638 PMCID: PMC7033822 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Poor engraftment of intramyocardial stem cells limits their therapeutic efficiency against myocardial infarction (MI)‐induced cardiac injury. Transglutaminase cross‐linked Gelatin (Col‐Tgel) is a tailorable collagen‐based hydrogel that is becoming an excellent biomaterial scaffold for cellular delivery in vivo. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Col‐Tgel increases retention of intramyocardially‐injected stem cells, and thereby reduces post‐MI cardiac injury. Methods and Results Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were co‐cultured with Col‐Tgel in a 3‐dimensional system in vitro, and Col‐Tgel encapsulated ADSCs were observed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Vitality, proliferation, and migration of co‐cultured ADSCs were evaluated. In addition, mice were subjected to MI and were intramyocardially injected with ADSCs, Col‐Tgel, or a combination thereof. ADSCs engraftment, survival, cardiac function, and fibrosis were assessed. In vitro MTT and Cell Counting Kit‐8 assays demonstrated that ADSCs survive and proliferate up to 4 weeks in the Col‐Tgel. In addition, MTT and transwell assays showed that ADSCs migrate outside the edge of the Col‐Tgel sphere. Furthermore, when compared with ADSCs alone, Col‐Tgel‐encapsulated ADSCs significantly enhanced the long‐term retention and cardioprotective effect of ADSCs against MI‐induced cardiac injury. Conclusions In the current study, we successfully established a 3‐dimensional co‐culture system using ADSCs and Col‐Tgel. The Col‐Tgel creates a suitable microenvironment for long‐term retention of ADSCs in an ischemic area, and thereby enhances their cardioprotective effects. Taken together, this study may provide an alternative biomaterial for stem cell‐based therapy to treat ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhu Chen
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Congye Li
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chengxiang Li
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiangwei Chen
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Huaning Xie
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational MedicineTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of CardiologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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