1
|
Shi L, Zeng H, An Z, Chen W, Shan Y, Ji C, Qian H. Extracellular vesicles: Illuminating renal pathophysiology and therapeutic frontiers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176720. [PMID: 38880217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute sacs released by cells into the extracellular milieu, harboring an array of biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Notably, a large number of studies have demonstrated the important involvement of EVs in both physiological and pathological aspects of renal function. EVs can facilitate communication between different renal cells, but it is important to recognize their dual role: they can either transmit beneficial information or lead to renal damage and worsening of existing conditions. The composition of EVs in the context of the kidneys offers valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying specific renal functions or disease states. In addition, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs have the potential to alleviate acute and chronic kidney diseases. More importantly, the innate nanoparticle properties of EVs, coupled with their engineering potential, make them effective tools for drug delivery and therapeutic intervention. In this review, we focus on the intricate biological functions of EVs in the kidney. In addition, we explore the emerging role of EVs as diagnostic tools and innovative therapeutic agents in a range of renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linru Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Houcheng Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwu An
- Department of Laboratory, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjie Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed LA, Al-Massri KF. Exploring the Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Diabetic and Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5916-5927. [PMID: 38252384 PMCID: PMC11249772 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies are known for long-term complications that are associated with uncontrolled hyperglycemia and cancer treatment, respectively. Peripheral neuropathy often requires long-term therapy and could persist after treatment provoking detrimental effects on the patient's quality of life. Despite continuous drug discoveries, development of efficient therapies is still needed for the significant management of diabetic and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles that show great promise recently in tissue regeneration and injury repair compared to their parent stem cells. Herein, we provided a summary for the use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in diabetic and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in addition to recent advancements and ways proposed for the enhancement of their efficacy in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Din MAU, Wan A, Chu Y, Zhou J, Yan Y, Xu Z. Therapeutic role of extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their wide therapeutic implications in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory disorder. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1406547. [PMID: 39139783 PMCID: PMC11319305 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1406547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly affects the gastrointestinal system. While the precise etiology of IBD remains elusive, extensive research suggests that a range of pathophysiological pathways and immunopathological mechanisms may significantly contribute as potential factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant potential in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for various medical conditions. However, some MSCs have been found to exhibit tumorigenic characteristics, which limit their potential for medical treatments. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), paracrine factors play a crucial role in the therapeutic benefits conferred by MSCs. The EVs consist of proteins, microRNAs, and lipids, and are instrumental in facilitating intercellular communication. Due to the ease of maintenance, and decreased immunogenicity, tumorigenicity the EVs have become a new and exciting option for whole cell treatment. This review comprehensively assesses recent preclinical research on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs as a potential IBD therapy. It comprehensively addresses key aspects of various conditions, including diabetes, cancer, dermal injuries, neurological disorders, cardiovascular issues, liver and kidney diseases, and bone-related afflictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, China
| | | | - Ying Chu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jasim SA, Salahdin OD, Malathi H, Sharma N, Rab SO, Aminov Z, Pramanik A, Mohammed IH, Jawad MA, Gabel BC. Targeting Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) and Related Drug Resistance by Small Interfering RNA (siRNA). Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01423-5. [PMID: 39060914 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence after curative therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells' resistance to conventional therapies is the reasons for the worse clinical results of HCC patients. A tiny population of cancer cells with a strong potential for self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenesis has been identified as cancer stem cells (CSCs). The discovery of CSC surface markers and the separation of CSC subpopulations from HCC cells have been made possible by recent developments in the study of hepatic (liver) CSCs. Hepatic CSC surface markers include epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM), CD133, CD90, CD13, CD44, OV-6, ALDH, and K19. CSCs have a significant influence on the development of cancer, invasiveness, self-renewal, metastasis, and drug resistance in HCC, and thus provide a therapeutic chance to treat HCC and avoid its recurrence. Therefore, it is essential to develop treatment approaches that specifically and effectively target hepatic stem cells. Given this, one potential treatment approach is to use particular small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target CSC, disrupting their behavior and microenvironment as well as changing their epigenetic state. The characteristics of CSCs in HCC are outlined in this study, along with new treatment approaches based on siRNA that may be used to target hepatic CSCs and overcome HCC resistance to traditional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H Malathi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, 140307, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Israa Hussein Mohammed
- College of nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Abed Jawad
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Benien C Gabel
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Wu X. New Perspectives and Prospects of microRNA Delivery in Diabetic Wound Healing. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 106:84-91. [PMID: 39019572 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.124.000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The remarkable potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a class of biotherapeutic agents in the treatment of diverse pathological conditions has garnered significant interest in recent years. To heal both acute and chronic wounds, miRNAs work by post-transcriptionally controlling various proteins and the pathways that are linked to them. Diabetes mellitus predisposes to several macro- and microvascular defects of end organs such as atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and impaired wound healing. Here, miRNAs emerge as a beacon of hope, with the capacity to heal diabetic wounds by precisely modulating the expression of genes involved in the healing process. Despite the therapeutic promise, the journey to realizing the full potential of miRNAs is fraught with challenges. Their intrinsic instability and the inefficient delivery into target cells pose significant barriers to their clinical application. Consequently, a major focus of current research is the discovery of novel miRNAs and the development of innovative delivery systems that can effectively transport these nucleic acids into the cells where they are needed most. This review delves into the intricate roles that miRNAs play at various stages of diabetic wound healing, providing a comprehensive overview of the latest research findings. The review also addresses the obstacles and opportunities that come with translating miRNA-based strategies into clinical practice, offering a critical assessment of the field's advancements and the hurdles that remain to be overcome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The potential of microRNA delivery using new biological or nonbiological carriers may create a revolutionary treatment method for chronic wounds of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushun Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China (Y.W.) and Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.W.)
| | - Xueping Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine,Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, China (Y.W.) and Institute of Wound Prevention and Treatment, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (X.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamidi SH, Etebar N, Rahimzadegan M, Zali A, Roodsari SR, Niknazar S. Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes in multiple sclerosis disease: from paper to practice. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1643-1671. [PMID: 38977625 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Current medicines are not sufficient to control the inflammation and progressive damage to the CNS that is known in MS. These drawbacks highlight the need for novel treatment options. Cell therapy can now be used to treat complex diseases when conventional therapies are ineffective. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a diverse group of multipotential non-hematopoietic stromal cells which have immunomodulatory, neurogenesis, and remyelinating capacity. Their advantageous effects mainly rely on paracrine, cell-cell communication and differentiation properties which introduced them as excellent candidates for MS therapy. Exosomes, as one of the MSCs secretomes, have unique properties that make them highly promising candidates for innovative approach in regenerative medicine. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their derived exosomes as a novel treatment for MS, highlighting the differences between these two approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hootan Hamidi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Acharya BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bachelor of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Negar Etebar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahmati Roodsari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Shi X. The potential mechanisms and treatment effects of stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiac reengineering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:362005. [PMID: 38834043 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad53d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of diverse compositions that are secreted by numerous cell types. Exosomes contain significant bioactive components, including lipids, proteins, mRNA, and miRNA. Exosomes play an important role in regulating cellular signaling and trafficking under both normal physiological and pathological circumstances. A multitude of factors, including thermal stress, ribosomal stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress influence the concentrations of exosomal mRNA, miRNA, proteins, and lipids. It has been stated that exosomes derived from stem cells (SCs) modulate a range of stresses by preventing or fostering cell balance. Exosomes derived from SCs facilitate recovery by facilitating cross-cellular communication via the transmission of information in the form of proteins, lipids, and other components. For this reason, exosomes are used as biomarkers to diagnose a wide variety of diseases. The focus of this review is the bioengineering of artificial exosomal cargoes. This process encompasses the control and transportation of particular exosomal cargoes, including but not limited to small molecules, recombinant proteins, immune modulators, and therapeutic medications. Therapeutic approaches of this nature have the potential to deliver therapeutic medications precisely to the intended site for the cure of a variety of disorders. Notably, our attention has been directed towards the therapeutic implementations of exosomes derived from SCs in the cure of cardiovascular ailments, including but not limited to ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, sepsis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac fibrosis. In general, researchers employ two methodologies when it comes to exosomal bioengineering. This review aims to explain the function of exosomes derived from SCs in the regulation of stress and present a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311225, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulian Shi
- Emergency Department, Chun'an First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong XL, Huang Y, Du Y, He LZ, Chen YW, Cheng Y, Liu H. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes Derived From Nasal Olfactory Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Restoring Synaptic Plasticity, Neurogenesis, and Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:600-614. [PMID: 38086528 PMCID: PMC11059802 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifaceted mental disorder marked by a spectrum of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, cognitive deficits, and negative symptoms. Its etiology involves intricate interactions between genetic and environmental factors, posing significant challenges for effective treatment. We hypothesized that intranasal administration of exosomes derived from nasal olfactory mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs-exos) could alleviate SCZ-like behaviors in a murine model induced by methylazoxymethanol (MAM). STUDY DESIGN We conducted a comprehensive investigation to assess the impact of intranasally delivered OM-MSC-exos on SCZ-like behaviors in MAM-induced mice. This study encompassed behavioral assessments, neuroinflammatory markers, glial activation, synaptic protein expression, and neurogenesis within the hippocampus. STUDY RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that intranasal administration of OM-MSC-exos effectively ameliorated SCZ-like behaviors, specifically addressing social withdrawal and sensory gating deficits in the MAM-induced murine model. Furthermore, OM-MSC-exos intervention yielded a reduction in neuroinflammatory markers and a suppression of microglial activation within the hippocampus. Simultaneously, we observed an upregulation of key synaptic protein expression, including PSD95 and TH, the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the therapeutic potential of OM-MSC-exos in mitigating SCZ-like behavior. The OM-MSC-exos have the capacity to modulate glial cell activation, diminish neuroinflammation, and promote BDNF-associated synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, thus ameliorating SCZ-like behaviors. In summary, intranasal administration of OM-MSC-exos offers a multifaceted approach to address SCZ mechanisms, promising innovative treatments for this intricate disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Zhong
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention (Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- First Clinical Department, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R.China
| | - Yang Du
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Zheng He
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-wen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention (Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu D, Sun Z, Wei J, Zhang Y, An W, Lin Y, Li X. BMP7-Loaded Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis by Targeting Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3475-3495. [PMID: 38623080 PMCID: PMC11018131 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s450284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are natural nanocarriers with promising potential in treating liver fibrosis and have widespread applications in the fields of nanomedicine and regenerative medicine. However, the therapeutic efficacy of natural hucMSC-sEVs is currently limited owing to their non-specific distribution in vivo and partial removal by mononuclear macrophages following systemic delivery. Thus, the therapeutic efficacy can be improved through the development of engineered hucMSC-sEVs capable to overcome these limitations. Patients and Methods To improve the anti-liver fibrosis efficacy of hucMSC-sEVs, we genetically engineered hucMSC-sEVs to overexpress the anti-fibrotic gene bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) in parental cells. This was achieved using lentiviral transfection, following which BMP7-loaded hucMSC-sEVs were isolated through ultracentrifugation. First, the liver fibrosis was induced in C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) twice a week for 8 weeks. These mice were subsequently treated with BMP7+sEVs via tail vein injection, and the anti-liver fibrosis effect of BMP7+sEVs was validated using small animal in vivo imaging, immunohistochemistry (IHC), tissue immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, cell function studies were performed to confirm the in vivo results. Results Liver imaging and liver histopathology confirmed that the engineered hucMSC-sEVs could reach the liver of mice and aggregate around activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) with a significantly stronger anti-liver fibrosis effect of BMP7-loaded hucMSC-sEVs compared to those of blank or negative control-transfected hucMSC-sEVs. In vitro, BMP7-loaded hucMSC-sEVs promoted the phenotypic reversal of aHSCs and inhibited their proliferation to enhance the anti-fibrotic effects. Conclusion These engineered BMP7-loaded hucMSC-sEVs offer a novel and promising strategy for the clinical treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongbin Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayun Wei
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing An
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- General Surgery Department, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Almeria C, Weiss R, Keck M, Weber V, Kasper C, Egger D. Dynamic cultivation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for the production of extracellular vesicles in a 3D bioreactor system. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:279-293. [PMID: 38349512 PMCID: PMC10902030 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3D cell culture and hypoxia have been demonstrated to increase the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, a process for the production of MSC-EVs in a novel 3D bioreactor system under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was established and the resulting EVs were characterized. METHODS Human adipose-derived MSCs were seeded and cultured on a 3D membrane in the VITVO® bioreactor system for 7 days. Afterwards, MSC-EVs were isolated and characterized via fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry with staining against annexin V (Anx5) as a marker for EVs exposing phosphatidylserine, as well as CD73 and CD90 as MSC surface markers. RESULTS Cultivation of MSC in the VITVO® bioreactor system demonstrated a higher concentration of MSC-EVs from the 3D bioreactor (9.1 × 109 ± 1.5 × 109 and 9.7 × 109 ± 3.1 × 109 particles/mL) compared to static 2D culture (4.2 × 109 ± 7.5 × 108 and 3.9 × 109 ± 3.0 × 108 particles/mL) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively. Also, the particle-to-protein ratio as a measure for the purity of EVs increased from 3.3 × 107 ± 1.1 × 107 particles/µg protein in 2D to 1.6 × 108 ± 8.3 × 106 particles/µg protein in 3D. Total MSC-EVs as well as CD73-CD90+ MSC-EVs were elevated in 2D normoxic conditions. The EV concentration and size did not differ significantly between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The production of MSC-EVs in a 3D bioreactor system under hypoxic conditions resulted in increased EV concentration and purity. This system could be especially useful in screening culture conditions for the production of 3D-derived MSC-EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciarra Almeria
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Maike Keck
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hassanzadeh A, Shomali N, Kamrani A, Nasiri H, Ahmadian Heris J, Pashaiasl M, Sadeghi M, Sadeghvand S, Valedkarimi Z, Akbari M. Detailed role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosome therapy in cardiac diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:401-420. [PMID: 38741729 PMCID: PMC11089093 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There are numerous therapeutic reperfusion methods, including thrombolytic therapy, primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and anti-remodeling drugs like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers. Despite this, there is no pharmacological treatment that can effectively stop cardiomyocyte death brought on by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. For the purpose of regenerating cardiac tissue, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has recently gained more attention. The pleiotropic effects of MSCs are instead arbitrated by the secretion of soluble paracrine factors and are unrelated to their capacity for differentiation. One of these paracrine mediators is the extracellular vesicle known as an exosome. Exosomes deliver useful cargo to recipient cells from MSCs, including peptides, proteins, cytokines, lipids, miRNA, and mRNA molecules. Exosomes take part in intercellular communication processes and help tissues and organs that have been injured or are ill heal. Exosomes alone were found to be the cause of MSCs' therapeutic effects in a variety of animal models, according to studies. Here, we have focused on the recent development in the therapeutic capabilities of exosomal MSCs in cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pashaiasl
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 51376563833, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shimatani K, Sato H, Mizukami K, Saito A, Sasai M, Enmi JI, Watanabe K, Kamohara M, Yoshioka Y, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y. Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Pericyte-Like Cells Transduced with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Promotes Angiogenic Recovery in Mice with Severe Chronic Hindlimb Ischemia. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10496-9. [PMID: 38376701 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a state of severe peripheral artery disease, with no effective treatment. Cell therapy has been investigated as a therapeutic tool for CLI, and pericytes are promising therapeutic candidates based on their angiogenic properties. We firstly generated highly proliferative and immunosuppressive pericyte-like cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells. In order to enhance the angiogenic potential, we transduced the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene into the pericyte-like cells and found a significant enhancement of angiogenesis in a Matrigel plug assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the bFGF-expressing pericyte-like cells in the previously established chronic hindlimb ischemia model in which bone marrow-derived MSCs were not effective. As a result, bFGF-expressing pericyte-like cells significantly improved blood flow in both laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). These findings suggest that bFGF-expressing pericyte-like cells differentiated from ES cells may be a therapeutic candidate for CLI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Shimatani
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine Applied Cell Therapy Research, Astellas Pharma Incorporated, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Sato
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine Applied Cell Therapy Research, Astellas Pharma Incorporated, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mizukami
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine Applied Cell Therapy Research, Astellas Pharma Incorporated, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Saito
- Joint Research Chair On Design for Advanced Medical System, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masao Sasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Enmi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and Osaka University, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masazumi Kamohara
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine Applied Cell Therapy Research, Astellas Pharma Incorporated, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and Osaka University, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Future Medicine Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cui E, Lv L, Wang B, Li L, Lu H, Hua F, Chen W, Chen N, Yang L, Pan R. Umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes improve alveolar macrophage function and reduce LPS-induced acute lung injury. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30519. [PMID: 38224137 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with a high mortality rate. Currently, no specific and compelling drug treatment plan exists. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies as a potential treatment for ALI and other lung-related conditions due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to regenerate various cell types. The present study focuses on analyzing the role of umbilical cord MSC (UC-MSC))-derived exosomes in reducing lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI and investigating the mechanism involved. The study demonstrates that UC-MSC-derived exosomes effectively improved the metabolic function of alveolar macrophages and promoted their shift to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, leading to a reduction in ALI. The findings also suggest that creating three-dimensional microspheres from the MSCs first can enhance the effectiveness of the exosomes. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action and optimize the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretome in ALI and other lung-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enhai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Li
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huadong Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qiu M, Xie Y, Tan G, Wang X, Huang P, Hong L. Synovial mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-485-3p relieves cartilage damage in osteoarthritis by targeting the NRP1-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway: Exosomal miR-485-3p relieves cartilage damage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24042. [PMID: 38293485 PMCID: PMC10826677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related musculoskeletal disease that results in pain and functional disability. Stem cell therapy has been considered as a promising treatment for OA. In this study, the therapeutic action and potential mechanism of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs)-derived exosomes (Exos) in OA cartilage damage were investigated. Cartilage cells were stimulated with IL-1β to establish an in vitro model of OA cartilage damage. Cartilage cell functions were detected by CCK-8, scratch assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. Target molecule levels were measured by qRT‒PCR and Western blotting. Exos-induced differential expression of miRNAs in cartilage cells were analyzed by microarray analysis. The interaction between miR-485-3p and neuropilin-1 (NRP1) was validated by dual luciferase reporter and RIP assays. We found that treatment with Exos promoted proliferation, migration, and ECM secretion, but restrained apoptosis and inflammation of IL-1β-exposed cartilage cells via up-regulation of miR-485-3p. Additionally, miR-485-3p directly targeted NRP1 to repress NRP1 expression, which subsequently caused inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. The protective effect of Exos on cartilage damage was counteracted by NRP1 overexpression-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, Exos delivered miR-485-3p to attenuate IL-1β-induced cartilage degradation by targeting NRP1 and succedent inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our findings shed light on the novel protective mechanism of Exos in OA, which suggest that the restoration of miR-485-3p by Exos might be a novel approach for OA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Qiu
- Department of joint surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Department of orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, China
| | - Guanghua Tan
- Department of joint surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of joint surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, China
| | - Peiguan Huang
- Department of joint surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, China
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of joint surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shang Y, Sun L, Gan J, Xu D, Zhao Y, Sun L. A Biomimetic Cardiac Fibrosis-on-a-Chip as a Visible Disease Model for Evaluating Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:829-838. [PMID: 38153966 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis acts as a serious worldwide health issue due to its prevalence in numerous forms of cardiac disease and its essential link to cardiac failure. Considering the efficiency of stem cell therapy for cardiac fibrosis, great efforts have been dedicated to developing accurate models for investigating their underlying therapeutic mechanisms. Herein we present an elaborate biomimetic cardiac fibrosis-on-a-chip based on Janus structural color film (SCF) to provide microphysiological visuals for stem cell therapeutic studies. By coculturing cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (FBs) on Janus SCF with fibrosis induction, the chip can recreate physiological intercellular crosstalk within the fibrotic microenvironment, elucidating the physiological alterations of fibrotic hearts. In particular, the Janus structural color film possesses superior perceptual capabilities for capturing and responding to a weak cardiac force, demonstrating synchronized structural color shifts. Based on these features, we have not only explored the dynamic relationship between color mapping and the evaluated disease phenotype but also demonstrated the self-reporting capacity of the cardiac fibrosis-on-a-chip for the assessment of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome therapy. These features suggest that such a chip can potentially facilitate the evolution of precision medicine strategies and create a protocol for preclinical cardiac drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Shang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jingjing Gan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dolatshahi M, Bahrami AR, Sheikh QI, Ghanbari M, Matin MM. Gastric cancer and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: from pro-tumorigenic effects to anti-cancer vehicles. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:1-19. [PMID: 38151649 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world, with a high mortality rate in both women and men. Conventional treatments, like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, are facing some drawbacks like acquired drug resistance and various side effects, leading to cancer recurrence and increased morbidity; thus, development of novel approaches in targeted therapy would be very beneficial. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a size distribution of sub-150 nm, interplay in physiological and pathophysiological cell-cell communications and can pave the way for targeted cancer therapy. Accumulating pieces of evidence have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXs) can act as a double-edged sword in some cancers. The purpose of this review is to assess the differences between stem cell therapy and exosome therapy. Moreover, our aim is to demonstrate how naïve MSCs transform into GC-MSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the tumorigenic and anti-proliferation effects of MSC-EXs derived from different origins were investigated. Finally, we suggest potential modifications and combination options that involve utilizing MSC-EXs from the foreskin and umbilical cord as promising sources to enhance the efficacy of gastric cancer treatment. This approach is presented in contrast to bone marrow cells, which are more heterogeneous, age-related, and are also easily affected by the patient's circulation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dolatshahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Qaiser Iftikhar Sheikh
- School of Biosciences, Western Bank, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang HS, Lin S, Yu HM. Exosome-mediated Repair of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: The Potential Role of miRNAs. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:798-808. [PMID: 37150986 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230504094233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a serious condition that manifests as low back pain, intervertebral disc protrusion, and spinal canal stenosis. At present, the main treatment methods for IVDD are surgical interventions such as discectomy, total disc replacement, and spinal fusion. However, these interventions have shown limitations, such as recurrent lumbar disc herniation after discectomy, lesions in adjacent segments, and failure of fixation. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been exploring stem cell transplantation therapy, such as mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, but the treatment results are still controversial. Therefore, researchers are in search of new methods that are more efficient and have better outcomes. The exosomes from stem cells contain a variety of bioactive molecules that mediate cell interactions, and these components have been investigated for their potential therapeutic role in the repair of various tissue injuries. Recent studies have shown that MSC-derived miRNAs in exosomes and vesicles have therapeutic effects on nucleus pulposus cells, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate. miRNAs play a role in many cell activities, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine release, by acting on mRNA translation, and they may have immense therapeutic potential, especially when combined with stem cell therapy. This article reviews the current status of research on intervertebral disc repair, especially with regard to the latest research findings on the molecular biological mechanisms of miRNAs in MSC-derived exosomes in intervertebral disc repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hai-Ming Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang S, Zhang Y, Peng Q, Meng B, Wang J, Sun H, Chen L, Dai R, Zhang L. Regulating pyroptosis by mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles: A promising strategy to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116001. [PMID: 38128182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of low back pain (LBP), which can lead to disability and thus generate a heavy burden on society. IVDD is characterized by a decrease in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), degradation of the extracellular matrix, macrophage infiltration, and blood vessel and nerve ingrowth. To date, the therapeutic approaches regarding IVDD mainly include conservative treatment and surgical intervention. However, both can only relieve symptoms rather than stop or revert the progression of IVDD, since the pathogenesis of IVDD is not yet clear. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by Caspase family dependence and conducted by the Gasdermin family, is a newly discovered mode of programmed cell death. Pyroptosis has been observed in NPCs, annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs), chondrocytes, MSCs, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and neurons and may contribute to IVDD. MSCs are a kind of pluripotent stem cell that can be found in almost all tissues. MSCs have a strong ability to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. EVs derived from MSCs play an important role in pyroptosis regulation and could be beneficial for alleviating IVDD. This review focuses on clarifying the regulation of pyroptosis to improve IVDD by MSCs and EVs derived from MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an 82 Hospital, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liuyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koprivec S, Majdič G. Extracellular Vesicles in Domestic Animals: Cellular Communication in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1450:39-57. [PMID: 37421538 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic and healthy cells of domestic animals release membrane-enclosed particles from their plasma membrane. These special structures, called extracellular vesicles, play an important role in intercellular communication. In the past, it was believed that their function was mainly to dispose unwanted cell contents and to help maintain cell homeostasis. However, we now know that they have important roles in health and disease and have diagnostic value as well as great potential for therapy in veterinary medicine. Extracellular vesicles facilitate cellular exchanges by delivering functional cargo molecules to nearby or distant tissues. They are produced by various cell types and are found in all body fluids. Their cargo reflects the state of the releasing parent cell, and despite their small size, this cargo is extraordinarily complex. Numerous different types of molecules contained in vesicles make them an extremely promising tool in the field of regenerative veterinary medicine. To further increase research interest and discover their full potential, some of the basic biological mechanisms behind their function need to be better understood. Only then will we be able to maximize the clinical relevance for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various domestic animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saša Koprivec
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hormozi A, Hasanzadeh S, Ebrahimi F, Daei N, Hajimortezayi Z, Mehdizadeh A, Zamani M. Treatment with Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Window of Healing Science in Regenerative Medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:879-893. [PMID: 37622719 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230824165014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on the potential applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) over recent years due to their growing importance in regenerative medicine. Exosomes are considered cargos capable of transporting proteins, peptides, lipids, mRNAs, and growth factors. MSCsderived exosomes are also involved in the prevention or treatment of a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, skin disorders, lung diseases, osteoarthritis, damaged tissue repair, and other diseases. This review attempted to summarize the importance of employing MSCs in regenerative medicine by gathering and evaluating information from current literature. The role of MSCs and the potential applications of MSCs-derived exosomes have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hormozi
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sajedeh Hasanzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Narges Daei
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajimortezayi
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shao J, Wang W, Tao B, Cai Z, Li H, Chen J. Extracellular vesicle-carried GTF2I from mesenchymal stem cells promotes the expression of tumor-suppressive FAT1 and inhibits stemness maintenance in thyroid carcinoma. Front Med 2023; 17:1186-1203. [PMID: 37707678 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Through bioinformatics predictions, we identified that GTF2I and FAT1 were downregulated in thyroid carcinoma (TC). Further, Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a positive correlation between GTF2I expression and FAT1 expression. Therefore, we selected them for this present study, where the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (BMSDs-EVs) enriched with GTF2I were evaluated on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness maintenance in TC. The under-expression of GTF2I and FAT1 was validated in TC cell lines. Ectopically expressed GTF2I and FAT1 were found to augment malignant phenotypes of TC cells, EMT, and stemness maintenance. Mechanistic studies revealed that GTF2I bound to the promoter region of FAT1 and consequently upregulated its expression. MSC-EVs could shuttle GTF2I into TPC-1 cells, where GTF2I inhibited TC malignant phenotypes, EMT, and stemness maintenance by increasing the expression of FAT1 and facilitating the FAT1-mediated CDK4/FOXM1 downregulation. In vivo experiments confirmed that silencing of GTF2I accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, our work suggests that GTF2I transferred by MSC-EVs confer antioncogenic effects through the FAT1/CDK4/FOXM1 axis and may be used as a promising biomarker for TC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Baorui Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zihao Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu S, Wang J, Suo M, Huang H, Liu X, Wang J, Li Z. Can extracellular vesicles be considered as a potential frontier in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102094. [PMID: 37863436 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
As a global public health problem, low back pain (LBP) caused by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) seriously affects patients' quality of life. In addition, the prevalence of IDD tends to be younger, which brings a huge burden to individuals and society economically. Current treatments do not delay or reverse the progression of IDD. The emergence of biologic therapies has brought new hope for the treatment of IDD. Among them, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanoscale bioactive substances that mediate cellular communication, have now produced many surprising results in the research of the treatment of IDD. This article reviews the mechanisms and roles of EVs in delaying IDD and describes the prospects and challenges of EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengxu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, the People's Republic of China
| | - Moran Suo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Huagui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, the People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, the People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shelash Al-Hawary SI, Yahya Ali A, Mustafa YF, Margiana R, Maksuda Ilyasovna S, Ramadan MF, Almalki SG, Alwave M, Alkhayyat S, Alsalamy A. The microRNAs (miRs) overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in neurological disorders; hope or hype. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3383. [PMID: 37642165 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Altered expression of multiple miRNAs was found to be extensively involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. One of the biggest concerns within gene-based therapy is the delivery of the therapeutic microRNAs to the intended place, which is obligated to surpass the biological barriers without undergoing degradation in the bloodstream or renal excretion. Hence, the delivery of modified and unmodified miRNA molecules using excellent vehicles is required. In this light, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. The MSCs can be genetically modified to express or overexpress a particular microRNA aimed with promote neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The current review has focused on the therapeutic capabilities of microRNAs-overexpressing MSCs to ameliorate functional deficits in neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anas Yahya Ali
- Department of Nursing, Al-maarif University College, Ramadi, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marim Alwave
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Safa Alkhayyat
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Castillo-Peña A, Molina-Pinelo S. Landscape of tumor and immune system cells-derived exosomes in lung cancer: mediators of antitumor immunity regulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279495. [PMID: 37915578 PMCID: PMC10616833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in cancer, including lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, has revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer, but a large subset of patients either do not respond or develop resistance. Exosomes, essential mediators of cell-to-cell communication, exert a profound influence on the tumor microenvironment and the interplay between cancer and the immune system. This review focuses on the role of tumor-derived exosomes and immune cells-derived exosomes in the crosstalk between these cell types, influencing the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Depending on their cell of origin and microenvironment, exosomes can contain immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory molecules that can either promote or inhibit tumor growth, thus playing a dual role in the disease. Furthermore, the use of exosomes in lung cancer immunotherapy is discussed. Their potential applications as cell-free vaccines and drug delivery systems make them an attractive option for lung cancer treatment. Additionally, exosomal proteins and RNAs emerge as promising biomarkers that could be employed for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the disease. In summary, this review assesses the relationship between exosomes, lung cancer, and the immune system, shedding light on their potential clinical applications and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Castillo-Peña
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Al-Dhalimy AMB, Salim HM, Shather AH, Naser IH, Hizam MM, Alshujery MK. The pathological and therapeutically role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosome in degenerative diseases; Particular focus on LncRNA and microRNA. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154778. [PMID: 37683391 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
By releasing exosomes, which create the ideal milieu for the resolution of inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance tissue healing and have strong immunomodulatory capabilities. MSCs-derived exosome also can affect tumor progress by a myriad of mechanisms. Exosomes function as a cell-cell communication tool to affect cellular activity in recipient cells and include an array of efficient bioactive chemicals. Understanding the fundamental biology of inflammation ablation, tissue homeostasis, and the creation of therapeutic strategies is particularly interested in the horizontal transfer of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) to recipient cells, where they affect target gene expression. Herein, we propose an exosomal lncRNA and microRNA profile in neurological, renal, cardiac, lung, and liver diseases as well as skin wounds and arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haitham Mukhlif Salim
- Ministry of Health, Directorat of the Public Health, Health Promotion Departments, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A H Shather
- Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Al Kitab University, Altun Kopru, Kirkuk 00964, Iraq
| | - Israa Habeeb Naser
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Manar Mohammed Hizam
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nazari S, Pourmand SM, Motevaseli E, Hassanzadeh G. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes in animal models of central nervous system diseases: Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:794-810. [PMID: 37278718 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that is engaged in the innate immune system and plays a vital role in inflammatory reactions. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines can be triggered by microbial infection or cellular injury. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS), ranging from stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and depression. Furthermore, emerging evidence has suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes may modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a way that might be promising for the therapeutic management of CNS diseases. In the present review, particular focus is placed on highlighting and discussing recent scientific evidence regarding the regulatory effects of MSC-based therapies on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and their potential to counteract proinflammatory responses and pyroptotic cell death in the CNS, thereby achieving neuroprotective impacts and improvement in behavioral impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Pourmand
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qin X, He J, Wang X, Wang J, Yang R, Chen X. The functions and clinical application potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on wound repair: a review of recent research advances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256687. [PMID: 37691943 PMCID: PMC10486026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound repair is a complex problem for both clinical practitioners and scientific investigators. Conventional approaches to wound repair have been associated with several limitations, including prolonged treatment duration, high treatment expenses, and significant economic and psychological strain on patients. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for more efficacious and secure treatment modalities to enhance the existing treatment landscapes. In the field of wound repair, cell-free therapy, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), has made notable advancements in recent years. Exosomes, which are small lipid bilayer vesicles discharged by MSCs, harbor bioactive constituents such as proteins, lipids, microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). These constituents facilitate material transfer and information exchange between the cells, thereby regulating their biological functions. This article presents a comprehensive survey of the function and mechanisms of MSC-Exos in the context of wound healing, emphasizing their beneficial impact on each phase of the process, including the regulation of the immune response, inhibition of inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis, advancement of cell proliferation and migration, and reduction of scar formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Qin
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nouralishahi A, Fazlinejad N, Pecho RDC, Zaidan HK, Kheradjoo H, Amin AH, Mohammadzadehsaliani S. Pathological role of inflammation in ocular disease progress and its targeting by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosome; current status and prospect. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154619. [PMID: 37406377 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique capacity for differentiation to a diversity of cell lineages and immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are being looked at as a potential new treatment option in ophthalmology. The MSCs derived from all tissue sources possess immunomodulatory attributes through cell-to-cell contact and releasing a myriad of immunomodulatory factors (IL-10, TGF-β, growth-related oncogene (GRO), indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)). Such mediators, in turn, alter both the phenotype and action of all immune cells that serve a pathogenic role in the progression of inflammation in eye diseases. Exosomes from MSCs, as natural nano-particles, contain the majority of the bioactive components of parental MSCs and can easily by-pass all biological barriers to reach the target epithelial and immune cells in the eye without interfering with nearby parenchymal cells, thus having no serious side effects. We outlined the most recent research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of MSC and MSC-exosome in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases in the current article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nouralishahi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; KIMS Hospital, Oman
| | | | | | - Haider Kamil Zaidan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu H, Qian X, Liang G. The Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Myocardial Protection: a Review of Current Advances and Future Perspectives. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07472-x. [PMID: 37227567 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered one of the most promising biological therapies in recent years. The protective effect of MSCs-derived SEVs on myocardium is mainly related to their ability to deliver cargo, anti-inflammatory properties, promotion of angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and other factors. Herein, this review focuses on the biological properties, isolation methods, and functions of SEVs. Then, the roles and potential mechanisms of SEVs and engineered SEVs in myocardial protection are summarized. Finally, the current situation of clinical research on SEVs, the difficulties encountered, and the future fore-ground of SEVs are discussed. In conclusion, although there are some technical difficulties and conceptual contradictions in the research of SEVs, the unique biological functions of SEVs provide a new direction for the development of regenerative medicine. Further exploration is warranted to establish a solid experimental and theoretical basis for future clinical application of SEVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingkai Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guiyou Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu HW, Chen HD, Chen YH, Mao XL, Feng YY, Li SW, Zhou XB. The Effects of Programmed Cell Death of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Development of Liver Fibrosis. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4586398. [PMID: 37214784 PMCID: PMC10195177 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4586398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have shown noticeable potential for unlimited self-renewal. They can differentiate into specific somatic cells, integrate into target tissues via cell-cell contact, paracrine effects, exosomes, and other processes and then regulate the target cells and tissues. Studies have demonstrated that transplantation of MSCs could decrease the expression and concentration of collagen in the liver, thereby reducing liver fibrosis. A growing body of evidence indicates that apoptotic MSCs could inhibit harmful immune responses and reduce inflammatory responses more effectively than viable MSCs. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial transfer from MSCs is a novel strategy for the regeneration of various damaged cells via the rescue of their respiratory activities. This study is aimed at reviewing the functions of MSCs and the related roles of the programmed cell death of MSCs, including autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulatory pathogenic mechanisms of MSCs in liver fibrosis. Research has demonstrated that the miR-200B-3p gene is differentially expressed gene between LF and normal liver samples, and that the miR-200B-3p gene expression is positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, suggesting that MSCs could inhibit liver fibrosis through pyroptosis. It was confirmed that circulating monocytes could deliver MSC-derived immunomodulatory molecules to different sites by phagocytosis of apoptotic MSCs, thereby achieving systemic immunosuppression. Accordingly, it was suggested that characterization of the programmed cell death-mediated immunomodulatory signaling pathways in MSCs should be a focus of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He-dan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-yi Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-bin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mehralizadeh H, Nazari A, Oruji F, Roostaie M, Hosseininozari G, Yazdani O, Esbati R, Roudini K. Cytokine sustained delivery for cancer therapy; special focus on stem cell- and biomaterial- based delivery methods. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154528. [PMID: 37257247 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As immune regulators, cytokines serve critical role as signaling molecules in response to danger, tissue damage, or injury. Importantly, due to their vital role in immunological surveillance, cytokine therapy has become a promising therapeutics for cancer therapy. Cytokines have, however, been used only in certain clinical settings. Two key characteristics of cytokines contribute to this clinical translational challenge: first, they are highly pleiotropic, and second, in healthy physiology, they are typically secreted and act very locally in tissues. Systemic administration of the cytokines can consequently result in serious side effects. Thus, scientists have sought various strategies to circumvent theses hurdles. Recent in vivo reports signify that cytokine delivery platforms can increase their safety and therapeutic efficacy in tumor xenografts. Meanwhile, cytokine delivery using multipotent stem cells, in particular mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and also a diversity of particles and biomaterials has demonstrated greater capability in this regards. Herein, we take a glimpse into the recent advances in cytokine sustained delivery using stem cells and also biomaterials to ease safe and effective treatments of a myriad of human tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Oruji
- College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Minoo Roostaie
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hosseininozari
- Department of Cell and Molecular biology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamran Roudini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rahmati S, Khazaei M, Nadi A, Alizadeh M, Rezakhani L. Exosome-loaded scaffolds for regenerative medicine in hard tissues. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102102. [PMID: 37178527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering can be used to repair tissue by employing bioscaffolds that provide better spatial control, porosity, and a three-dimensional (3D) environment like the human body. Optimization of injectability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and controlled drug release are also features of such scaffolds. The 3D shape of the scaffold can control cell interaction and improve cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Exosomes (EXOs) are nanovesicles that can regulate osteoblast activity and proliferation using a complex composition of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in their vesicles. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and efficient cellular internalization, EXOs have enormous potential as desirable drug/gene delivery vectors in the field of regenerative medicine. They can cross the biological barrier with minimal immunogenicity and side effects. Scaffolds that contain EXOs have been studied extensively in both basic and preclinical settings for the regeneration and repair of both hard (bone, cartilage) and soft (skin, heart, liver, kidney) tissue. Cell motility, proliferation, phenotype, and maturation can all be controlled by EXOs. The angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of EXOs significantly influence tissue healing. The current study focused on the use of EXO-loaded scaffolds in hard tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rahmati
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Akram Nadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lotfy A, AboQuella NM, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in clinical trials. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:66. [PMID: 37024925 PMCID: PMC10079493 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are widely utilized in cell therapy because of their robust immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Their paracrine activity is one of the most important features that contribute to their efficacy. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the production of various factors via extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, governs the principal efficacy of MSCs after infusion in experimental models. Compared to MSCs themselves, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have provided significant advantages by efficiently decreasing unfavorable adverse effects, such as infusion-related toxicities. MSC-Exos is becoming a promising cell-free therapeutic tool and an increasing number of clinical studies started to assess the therapeutic effect of MSC-Exos in different diseases. In this review, we summarized the ongoing and completed clinical studies using MSC-Exos for immunomodulation, regenerative medicine, gene delivery, and beyond. Additionally, we summarized MSC-Exos production methods utilized in these studies with an emphasis on MSCs source, MSC-Exos isolation methods, characterization, dosage, and route of administration. Lastly, we discussed the current challenges and future directions of exosome utilization in different clinical studies as a novel therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lotfy
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Noha M AboQuella
- International Graduate Program Medical Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lu Y, Mai Z, Cui L, Zhao X. Engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as therapeutic carriers for bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 36978165 PMCID: PMC10053084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy has become an effective therapeutic approach for bone regeneration. However, there are still limitations in successful clinical translation. Recently, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, especially exosome, plays a critical role in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Exosomes are nanosized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures carrying proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines and have attracted great attention for their potential application in bone regenerative medicine. In addition, preconditioning of parental cells and exosome engineering can enhance the regenerative potential of exosomes for treating bone defects. Moreover, with recent advancements in various biomaterials to enhance the therapeutic functions of exosomes, biomaterial-assisted exosomes have become a promising strategy for bone regeneration. This review discusses different insights regarding the roles of exosomes in bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of engineering exosomes and biomaterial-assisted exosomes as safe and versatile bone regeneration agent delivery platforms. The current hurdles of transitioning exosomes from bench to bedside are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Thakur A. Shedding Lights on the Extracellular Vesicles as Functional Mediator and Therapeutic Decoy for COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030840. [PMID: 36983995 PMCID: PMC10052528 DOI: 10.3390/life13030840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that first appeared in late 2019 and has since spread across the world. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath and can lead to death in severe cases. To help contain the virus, measures such as social distancing, handwashing, and other public health measures have been implemented. Vaccine and drug candidates, such as those developed by Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Novavax, and Johnson & Johnson, have been developed and are being distributed worldwide. Clinical trials for drug treatments such as remdesivir, dexamethasone, and monoclonal antibodies are underway and have shown promising results. Recently, exosomes have gained attention as a possible mediator of the COVID-19 infection. Exosomes, small vesicles with a size of around 30-200 nm, released from cells, contain viral particles and other molecules that can activate the immune system and/or facilitate viral entry into target cells. Apparently, the role of exosomes in eliciting various immune responses and causing tissue injury in COVID-19 pathogenesis has been discussed. In addition, the potential of exosomes as theranostic and therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19 has been elaborated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zahmatkesh E, Khoshdel Rad N, Hossein-Khannazer N, Mohamadnejad M, Gramignoli R, Najimi M, Malekzadeh R, Hassan M, Vosough M. Cell and cell-derivative-based therapy for liver diseases: current approaches and future promises. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:237-249. [PMID: 36692130 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2172398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the recent updates from World Health Organization, liver diseases are the 12th most common cause of mortality. Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective and the only treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Owing to several shortcomings like finite numbers of healthy organ donors, lifelong immunosuppression, and complexity of the procedure, cell and cell-derivatives therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative for liver diseases. Various cell types and therapies have been proposed and their therapeutic effects evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies, including hepatocytes, hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from stem cells, human liver stem cells (HLSCs), combination therapies with various types of cells, organoids, and implantable cell-biomaterial constructs with synthetic and natural polymers or even decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM). AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlighted the current status of cell and cell-derivative-based therapies for liver diseases. Furthermore, we discussed future prospects of using HLCs, liver organoids, and their combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Promising application of stem cell-based techniques including iPSC technology has been integrated into novel techniques such as gene editing, directed differentiation, and organoid technology. iPSCs offer promising prospects to represent novel therapeutic strategies and modeling liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohamadnejad
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dementia is a syndrome with several possible pathologies. To date, definitive methods for diagnosis and treatment of sub-types of dementia have not been established. Emerging evidence suggests that exosomes can provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of several subtypes of dementia. This article reviews recent studies on the application of exosomes in dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) through transporting toxic proteins such as amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein. Exosomal microRNAs (miR) and proteins reflect the disease state, and therefore, exosomes can be used as diagnostic markers for diseases such as AD, PD, Huntington's disease (HD), vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been shown to ameliorate disease pathology, and improve cognitive function in AD, PD, and VAD. SUMMARY Recent studies have shown that exosomes could be novel diagnostic agents for dementia because they contain molecules that could be potential biomarker candidates indicative of the type and stage of dementia. Therapeutic application of exosomes in dementia has revealed that exosomes only, or exosomes loaded with an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), ameliorate disease phenotype of dementia. Further work is needed to exploit this potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Su Joo
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang
| | - Ha Yeong Jeon
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang
| | - Eun Be Hong
- INEXOPLAT, Inc. M2704, 32, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang
| | - Jung Min Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang
- INEXOPLAT, Inc. M2704, 32, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gerami MH, Khorram R, Rasoolzadegan S, Mardpour S, Nakhaei P, Hashemi S, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Aminian A, Samimi S. Emerging role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and MSCs-derived exosomes in bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders: a new frontier. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:86. [PMID: 36803566 PMCID: PMC9939872 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membranous vesicles with a 30 to 150 nm diameter secreted by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and other cells, such as immune cells and cancer cells. Exosomes convey proteins, bioactive lipids, and genetic components to recipient cells, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Consequently, they have been implicated in regulating intercellular communication mediators under physiological and pathological circumstances. Exosomes therapy as a cell-free approach bypasses many concerns regarding the therapeutic application of stem/stromal cells, including undesirable proliferation, heterogeneity, and immunogenic effects. Indeed, exosomes have become a promising strategy to treat human diseases, particularly bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders, because of their characteristics, such as potentiated stability in circulation, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and toxicity. In this light, a diversity of studies have indicated that inhibiting inflammation, inducing angiogenesis, provoking osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation and migration, and negative regulation of matrix-degrading enzymes result in bone and cartilage recovery upon administration of MSCs-derived exosomes. Notwithstanding, insufficient quantity of isolated exosomes, lack of reliable potency test, and exosomes heterogeneity hurdle their application in clinics. Herein, we will deliver an outline respecting the advantages of MSCs-derived exosomes-based therapy in common bone- and joint-associated musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, we will have a glimpse the underlying mechanism behind the MSCs-elicited therapeutic merits in these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Gerami
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Rasoolzadegan
- grid.411600.2Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mardpour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Nakhaei
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyla Hashemi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XObstetrician, Gynaecology & Infertility Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Aminian
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahar Samimi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao L, Yu L, Wang X, He J, Zhu X, Zhang R, Yang A. Mechanisms of function and clinical potential of exosomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 553:215993. [PMID: 36328162 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains one of the most lethal and widespread malignancies in China. Exosomes, a subset of tiny extracellular vesicles manufactured by all cells and present in all body fluids, contribute to intercellular communication and have become a focus of the search for new therapeutic strategies for cancer. A number of global analyses of exosome-mediated functions and regulatory mechanism in malignant diseases have recently been reported. There is extensive evidence that exosomes can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer. However, our understanding of their clinical value and mechanisms of action in ESCC is still limited and has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we review current research specifically focused on the functions and mechanisms of action of ESCC tumor-derived exosomes and non-ESCC-derived exosomes in ESCC progression and describe opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jangtao He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Angang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saadh MJ, Mikhailova MV, Rasoolzadegan S, Falaki M, Akhavanfar R, Gonzáles JLA, Rigi A, Kiasari BA. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-based cell therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) therapy. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:47. [PMID: 36707899 PMCID: PMC9881387 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) therapy has become an emerging therapeutic modality for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), given their immunoregulatory and pro-survival attributes. MSCs alleviate dysregulated inflammatory responses through the secretion of a myriad of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), etc. Indeed, MSC treatment of IBD is largely carried out through local microcirculation construction, colonization and repair, and immunomodulation, thus alleviating diseases severity. The clinical therapeutic efficacy relies on to the marked secretion of various secretory molecules from viable MSCs via paracrine mechanisms that are required for gut immuno-microbiota regulation and the proliferation and differentiation of surrounding cells like intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal stem cells (ISCs). For example, MSCs can induce IECs proliferation and upregulate the expression of tight junction (TJs)-associated protein, ensuring intestinal barrier integrity. Concerning the encouraging results derived from animal studies, various clinical trials are conducted or ongoing to address the safety and efficacy of MSCs administration in IBD patients. Although the safety and short-term efficacy of MSCs administration have been evinced, the long-term efficacy of MSCs transplantation has not yet been verified. Herein, we have emphasized the illumination of the therapeutic capacity of MSCs therapy, including naïve MSCs, preconditioned MSCs, and also MSCs-derived exosomes, to alleviate IBD severity in experimental models. Also, a brief overview of published clinical trials in IBD patients has been delivered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J. Saadh
- grid.449114.d0000 0004 0457 5303Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831 Jordan
| | - Maria V. Mikhailova
- grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Soheil Rasoolzadegan
- grid.411600.2Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Falaki
- grid.411600.2Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Akhavanfar
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XSchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Rigi
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Nursing, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zahedan Branch, Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oveili E, Vafaei S, Bazavar H, Eslami Y, Mamaghanizadeh E, Yasamineh S, Gholizadeh O. The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as microRNAs delivery systems in different diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:20. [PMID: 36690996 PMCID: PMC9869323 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA. Moreover, it has been shown that miRNAs expression are changed in various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune disease, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative Diseases. The suppression of miRNA function can be easily attained by utilizing of anti-miRNAs. In contrast, an enhancement in miRNA function can be achieved through the utilization of modified miRNA mimetics. The discovery of appropriate miRNA carriers in the body has become an interesting subject for investigators. Exosomes (EXOs) therapeutic efficiency and safety for transferring different cellular biological components to the recipient cell have attracted significant attention for their capability as miRNA carriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized to generate a wide range of EXOs (MSC-EXOs), showing that MSCs may be effective for EXO generation in a clinically appropriate measure as compared to other cell origins. MSC-EXOs have been widely investigated because of their immune attributes, tumor-homing attributes, and flexible characteristics. In this article, we summarized the features of miRNAs and MSC-EXOs, including production, purification, and miRNA loading methods of MSC-EXOs, and the modification of MSC-EXOs for targeted miRNA delivery in various diseases. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Oveili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Azad Islamic University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Bazavar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Eslami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mamaghanizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nasrolahi A, Azizidoost S, Radoszkiewicz K, Najafi S, Ghaedrahmati F, Anbiyaee O, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M, Uddin S. Signaling pathways governing glioma cancer stem cells behavior. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110493. [PMID: 36228964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor that develops in the glial tissue. Several studies have identified that glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play important roles in tumor-initiating features in malignant gliomas. GCSCs are a small population in the brain that presents an essential role in the metastasis of glioma cells to other organs. These cells can self-renew and differentiate, which are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of glioma. Therefore, targeting GCSCs might be a novel strategy for the treatment of glioma. Accumulating evidence revealed that several signaling pathways, including Notch, TGF-β, Wnt, STAT3, AKT, and EGFR mediated GCSC growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in the regulation of GCSC pathogenesis and drug resistance. Therefore, targeting these pathways could open a new avenue for glioma management. In this review, we summarized critical signaling pathways involved in the stimulation or prevention of GCSCs tumorigenesis and invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Nemazi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hu P, Ying J, Wang Y, Jiang T, Pan Z, Zhao C, Li J, Li C. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From 3D Cultured Antler Stem Cells Serve as a New Drug Vehicle in Osteosarcoma Treatment. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231219830. [PMID: 38102784 PMCID: PMC10725652 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231219830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from antler reserve mesenchymal (RM) cells play an important role in the paracrine regulation during rapid growth of antler without forming a tumor; therefore, RM-EVs become novel materials for anti-tumor studies, such as osteosarcoma treatment. However, the problem of low production of RM-EVs in traditional 2D culture limits its mechanism research and application. In this study, we established an optimal 3D culture system for antler RM cells to produce EVs (3D-RM-EVs). Morphology and property of harvested 3D-RM-EVs were normal compared with EVs from conventional 2D culture, and the miRNA profile in them was basically the same through transcriptome sequencing analysis. Based on the same number of RM cells, the volume of the culture medium collected by 3D cultural system concentrated nearly 30 times, making it more convenient for subsequent purification. In addition, EVs were harvested 30 times in 3D cultural system, greatly increasing the total amount of EVs (harvested a total of 2-3 times in 2D culture). Although 3D-RM-EVs had a limited inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K7M2 cells, the inhibition effect of 3D-RM-EVs loaded drugs (Ifosfamide + Etoposide) were more significant than that of positive drug group alone (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that 3D-RM-EVs loaded drugs (Ifosfamide + Etoposide) had the most significant tumor inhibition effect, with decreased tumor size, and could slow down body weight loss compared with Ifosfamide + Etoposide (IFO + ET) group. These results demonstrated that 3D-RM-EVs were efficiently prepared from antler RM cells and were effective as drug vehicles for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hu
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinchi Ying
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yusu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiantian Jiang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiping Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghasempour E, Hesami S, Movahed E, keshel SH, Doroudian M. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy in the brain tumors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:527. [PMID: 36536420 PMCID: PMC9764546 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are one of the most mortal cancers, leading to many deaths among kids and adults. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are available options for brain tumor treatment. However, these methods are not able to eradicate cancer cells. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most important barriers to treat brain tumors that prevents adequate drug delivery to brain tissue. The connection between different brain parts is heterogeneous and causes many challenges in treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate to brain tumor cells and have anti-tumor effects by delivering cytotoxic compounds. They contain very high regenerative properties, as well as support the immune system. MSCs-based therapy involves cell replacement and releases various vesicles, including exosomes. Exosomes receive more attention due to their excellent stability, less immunogenicity and toxicity compare to cells. Exosomes derived from MSCs can develop a powerful therapeutic strategy for different diseases and be a hopeful candidate for cell-based and cell-free regenerative medicine. These nanoparticles contain nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and other biologically active substances. Many studies show that each microRNA can prevent angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis in glioblastoma. These exosomes can-act as a suitable nanoparticle carrier for therapeutic applications of brain tumors by passing through the BBB. In this review, we discuss potential applications of MSC and their produced exosomes in the treatment of brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghasempour
- grid.411600.2Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shilan Hesami
- grid.411600.2Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Movahed
- grid.238491.50000 0004 0367 6866Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY USA
| | - Saeed Heidari keshel
- grid.411600.2Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- grid.412265.60000 0004 0406 5813Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Koken GY, Abamor ES, Allahverdiyev A, Karaoz E. Wharton Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell's Exosomes Demonstrate Significant Antileishmanial and Wound Healing Effects in Combination with Aloe-Emodin: An in Vitro Study. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3232-3242. [PMID: 35995206 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the antileishmanial performance and wound healing effect of exosomes isolated from Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in combination with aloe-emodin. MSCs obtained from Wharton Jelly were characterized by flow cytometry. Exosomes were isolated from cultivated stem cells by ultacentrifugation method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and flow cytometry were used for characterization of obtained exosomes. The cytotoxicities of characterized exosomes and aloe-emodin at different concentrations were investigated on L929 and J774 cell lines. Non-toxic concentrations of each agent were combined and their inhibitory efficacies on L.major promastigotes and amastigotes were investigated by different techniques such as MTT, parasite count and measurements of infection index. Finally, wound healing activities of combinations were examined on in vitro artifical wound model and compared with the use of exosomes alone. According to outcome of flow cytometic analysis, vesicles isolated from WJ-MSCs highly expressed the markers such as CD63 special for exosome profile. SEM and NTA results demonstrated that derived exosomes possessed dimensions between 150 to 200 nanometers and elicited the cup-shape specific to exosomes. Combinations including non-toxic dosages of exosomes and aloe-emodin demonstrated superior antileishmanial effectivenesses both on promastigotes and amastigotes in contrast to use of exosome alone since they lead to inhibition of promastigotes and amastigotes for 4 and 10-folds in comparison to control, respectively. Additionally, combinations elicited more rapidly and effective in vitro wound-healing performance in contrast to use of exosome alone. At the end of 24 h incubation application of combinations gave rise to wound closure at a rate of 72 %, while in the control group 52 % of wound area has not been healed, yet. These results reflect that mentioned combination has great potential to be used in treatment of cutaneus leishmaniasis (CL) since they have magnificient capacity to inhibit Leishmania parasites while enhancing wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Yildirim Koken
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil Allahverdiyev
- V. Akhundov National Scientific Research Medical Prophylactic Institute, Baku, Azarrbaijan Republic.
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (LivMedCell), Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bio-Pulsed Stimulation Effectively Improves the Production of Avian Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles That Enhance the Bioactivity of Skin Fibroblasts and Hair Follicle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315010. [PMID: 36499339 PMCID: PMC9740660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (exosomes) possess regeneration, cell proliferation, wound healing, and anti-senescence capabilities. The functions of exosomes can be modified by preconditioning MSCs through treatment with bio-pulsed reagents (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb extract). However, the beneficial effects of bio-pulsed small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) on the skin or hair remain unknown. This study investigated the in vitro mechanistic basis through which bio-pulsed sEVs enhance the bioactivity of the skin fibroblasts and hair follicle cells. Avian-derived MSCs (AMSCs) were isolated, characterized, and bio-pulsed to produce AMSC-sEVs, which were isolated, lyophilized, characterized, and analyzed. The effects of bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs on cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression associated with skin and hair bioactivity were examined using human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). Bio-pulsed treatment significantly enhanced sEVs production by possibly upregulating RAB27A expression in AMSCs. Bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs contained more exosomal proteins and RNAs than the control. Bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs significantly augmented cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression in HSFs and HFDPCs. The present study investigated the role of bio-pulsed AMSC-sEVs in the bioactivity of the skin fibroblasts and hair follicle cells as mediators to offer potential health benefits for skin and hair.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hao M, Duan M, Yang Z, Zhou H, Li S, Xiang J, Wu H, Liu H, Chang L, Wang D, Liu W. Engineered stem cell exosomes for oral and maxillofacial wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1038261. [PMID: 36353739 PMCID: PMC9637828 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1038261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing of the oral and maxillofacial area affects the quality of life and mental health of the patient; therefore, effective therapies are required to promote wound healing. However, traditional treatment methods have limited efficacy. Exosomes secreted by stem cells used for oral and maxillofacial wound healing have shown outstanding results. Stem cell-derived exosomes possess the regenerative and repair ability of stem cells. Moreover, they are nontumorigenic and have good biosafety. However, the application of natural stem cell exosomes is limited owing to their low yield, impurity, lack of targeting, and low drug delivery rate. Many modification methods have been developed to engineered stem cell exosomes with beneficial properties, such as modifying parent cells and directly processing stem cell exosomes. These methods include coincubation, genetic engineering, electroporation, ultrasound, and artificial synthesis of engineered stem cell exosomes. These engineered stem cell exosomes can cargo nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. This gives them anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation regulatory abilities and enables the targeted promotion of efficient soft tissue repair after trauma. Engineered stem cell exosomes can decrease inflammation, promote fibroblast proliferation, and angiogenesis, and decrease scar formation to promote oral and maxillofacial wound healing, including diabetic and burn wounds. Thus, engineered stem cell exosomes are an effective treatment that has the potential for oral and maxillofacial wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - MengNa Duan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhijing Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuangji Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingcheng Xiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yao Y, Jiang Y, Song J, Wang R, Li Z, Yang L, Wu W, Zhang L, Peng Q. Exosomes as Potential Functional Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2022:e2201989. [PMID: 36253093 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles of 40-160 nm diameter, which carry numerous biomolecules and transmit information between cells. They are used as functional nanomaterials with great potential in biomedical areas, such as active agents and delivery systems for advanced drug delivery and disease therapy. In recent years, potential applications of exosomes in tissue engineering have attracted significant attention, and some critical progress has been made. This review gives a complete picture of exosomes and their applications in the regeneration of various tissues, such as the central nervous systems, kidney, bone, cartilage, heart, and endodontium. Approaches employed for modifying exosomes to equip them with excellent targeting capacity are summarized. Furthermore, current concerns and future outlook of exosomes in tissue engineering are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ruojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hong CG, Chen ML, Duan R, Wang X, Pang ZL, Ge LT, Lu M, Xie H, Liu ZZ. Transplantation of Nasal Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells Benefits Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7323-7336. [PMID: 36173534 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that contributes to 60-70% of dementia in elderly people and is currently incurable. Current treatments only relieve the symptoms of AD and slow its progression. Achieving effective neural regeneration to ameliorate cognitive impairment is a major challenge in the treatment of AD. For the first time, we alleviated symptoms of AD in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice (hereafter referred to as AD mice) by transplantation of olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs). Our study demonstrated that OM-MSC transplantation promotes amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance, downregulates the inflammatory response, and increases the M2/M1 ratio; OM-MSCs promote the conversion of BV2 (microglia) from M1 to M2 and also Aβ clearance in SH-SY5YAPPswe (AD cell model). OM-MSC-transplanted AD mice show improved cognitive learning and locomotive behavior. Our study suggests that OM-MSC transplantation could alleviate the symptoms of AD and promote Aβ clearance through immunomodulation, thus demonstrating the great potential and social value of OM-MSC treatment for AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Gu Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Meng-Lu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Pang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Te Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (921 Hospital of PLA), Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (921 Hospital of PLA), Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ding Y, Luo Q, Que H, Wang N, Gong P, Gu J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810972. [PMID: 36142881 PMCID: PMC9502508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease has become a major global health and economic burden due to its broad spectrum of diseases, multiple causes and difficult treatment. Most liver diseases progress to end-stage liver disease, which has a large amount of matrix deposition that makes it difficult for the liver and hepatocytes to regenerate. Liver transplantation is the only treatment for end-stage liver disease, but the shortage of suitable organs, expensive treatment costs and surgical complications greatly reduce patient survival rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective treatment modality. Cell-free therapy has become a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have regulatory properties and transport functional "cargo" through physiological barriers to target cells to exert communication and regulatory activities. These exosomes also have little tumorigenic risk. MSC-derived exosomes promote hepatocyte proliferation and repair damaged liver tissue by participating in intercellular communication and regulating signal transduction, which supports their promise as a new strategy for the treatment of liver diseases. This paper reviews the physiological functions of exosomes and highlights the physiological changes and alterations in signaling pathways related to MSC-derived exosomes for the treatment of liver diseases in some relevant clinical studies. We also summarize the advantages of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles and discuss the challenges of exosome treatment of liver diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Puyang Gong
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-28-85656463 (J.G.)
| | - Jian Gu
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-28-85656463 (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|