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Wang Y, Tang T, Yuan Y, Li N, Wang X, Guan J. Copper and Copper Complexes in Tumor Therapy. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400060. [PMID: 38443744 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), a crucial trace element in physiological processes, has garnered significant interest for its involvement in cancer progression and potential therapeutic applications. The regulation of cellular copper levels is essential for maintaining copper homeostasis, as imbalances can lead to toxicity and cell death. The development of drugs that target copper homeostasis has emerged as a promising strategy for anticancer treatment, with a particular focus on copper chelators, copper ionophores, and novel copper complexes. Recent research has also investigated the potential of copper complexes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingxi Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pinto CIG, Branco ADM, Bucar S, Fonseca A, Abrunhosa AJ, da Silva CL, Guerreiro JF, Mendes F. Evaluation of the theranostic potential of [ 64Cu]CuCl 2 in glioblastoma spheroids. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:26. [PMID: 38453813 PMCID: PMC10920519 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is an extremely aggressive malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis. Due to the increased proliferation rate of glioblastoma, there is the development of hypoxic regions, characterized by an increased concentration of copper (Cu). Considering this, 64Cu has attracted attention as a possible theranostic radionuclide for glioblastoma. In particular, [64Cu]CuCl2 accumulates in glioblastoma, being considered a suitable agent for positron emission tomography. Here, we explore further the theranostic potential of [64Cu]CuCl2, by studying its therapeutic effects in advanced three-dimensional glioblastoma cellular models. First, we established spheroids from three glioblastoma (T98G, U373, and U87) and a non-tumoral astrocytic cell line. Then, we evaluated the therapeutic responses of spheroids to [64Cu]CuCl2 exposure by analyzing spheroids' growth, viability, and cells' proliferative capacity. Afterward, we studied possible mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic outcomes, including the uptake of 64Cu, the expression levels of a copper transporter (CTR1), the presence of a cancer stem cell population, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Results revealed that [64Cu]CuCl2 is able to significantly reduce spheroids' growth and viability, while also affecting cells' proliferation capacity. The uptake of 64Cu, the presence of cancer stem-like cells and the production of ROS were in accordance with the therapeutic response. However, expression levels of CTR1 were not in agreement with uptake levels, revealing that other mechanisms could be involved in the uptake of 64Cu. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results further support [64Cu]CuCl2 potential as a theranostic agent for glioblastoma, unveiling potential mechanisms that could be involved in the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I G Pinto
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André D M Branco
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Bucar
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Fonseca
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS PHARMA, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J Abrunhosa
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ICNAS PHARMA, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana F Guerreiro
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa and Laboratório Associado Para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- C2TN - Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- DECN - Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Shinada M, Suzuki H, Hanyu M, Igarashi C, Matsumoto H, Takahashi M, Hihara F, Tachibana T, Sogawa C, Zhang MR, Higashi T, Sato H, Kurihara H, Yoshii Y, Doi Y. Trace Metal Impurities Effects on the Formation of [ 64Cu]Cu-diacetyl-bis( N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([ 64Cu]Cu-ATSM). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:10. [PMID: 38275997 PMCID: PMC10821298 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
[64Cu]Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([64Cu]Cu-ATSM) is a radioactive hypoxia-targeting therapeutic agent being investigated in clinical trials for malignant brain tumors. For the quality management of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM, understanding trace metal impurities' effects on the chelate formation of 64Cu and ATSM is important. In this study, we conducted coordination chemistry studies on metal-ATSM complexes. First, the effects of nonradioactive metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+) on the formation of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM were evaluated. When the amount of Cu2+ or Ni2+ added was 1.2 mol or 288 mol, equivalent to ATSM, the labeling yield of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM fell below 90%. Little effect was observed even when excess amounts of Zn2+ or Fe2+ were added to the ATSM. Second, these metals were reacted with ATSM, and chelate formation was measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. UV-Vis spectra showed a rapid formation of Cu2+ and the ATSM complex upon mixing. The rate of chelate formation by Ni2+ and ATSM was lower than that by Cu-ATSM. Zn2+ and Fe2+ showed much slower reactions with the ATSM than Ni2+. Trace amounts of Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ showed little effect on [64Cu]Cu-ATSM' quality, while the concentration of impurity Cu2+ must be controlled. These results can provide process management tools for radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Shinada
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Masayuki Hanyu
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Chika Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Fukiko Hihara
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Tomoko Tachibana
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Chizuru Sogawa
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Hidemitsu Sato
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kurihara
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Yukie Yoshii
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Doi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
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Fantin J, Toutain J, Pérès EA, Bernay B, Mehani SM, Helaine C, Bourgeois M, Brunaud C, Chazalviel L, Pontin J, Corroyer-Dulmont A, Valable S, Cherel M, Bernaudin M. Assessment of hypoxia and oxidative-related changes in a lung-derived brain metastasis model by [ 64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET and proteomic studies. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:102. [PMID: 38006431 PMCID: PMC10676347 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BM) are the most frequent malignant brain tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BM and particularly hypoxia and redox state, known to play a role in tumor growth and treatment resistance with multimodal PET and MRI imaging, immunohistochemical and proteomic approaches in a human lung cancer (H2030-BrM3)-derived BM model in rats. RESULTS First, in vitro studies confirmed that H2030-BrM3 cells respond to hypoxia with increasing expression of HIF-1, HIF-2 and their target genes. Proteomic analyses revealed, among expression changes, proteins associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, metal response and hypoxia signaling in particular in cortical BM. [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET revealed a significant uptake by cortical BM (p < 0.01), while no uptake is observed in striatal BM 23 days after tumor implantation. Pimonidazole, HIF-1α, HIF-2α, CA-IX as well as GFAP, CTR1 and DMT1 immunostainings are positive in both BM. CONCLUSION Overall, [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] imaging and proteomic results showed the presence of hypoxia and protein expression changes linked to hypoxia and oxidative stress in BM, which are more pronounced in cortical BM compared to striatal BM. Moreover, it emphasized the interest of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] PET to characterize TME of BM and depict inter-metastasis heterogeneity that could be useful to guide treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Fantin
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Elodie A Pérès
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Benoit Bernay
- Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ., US EMerode, Plateforme Proteogen, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Sarina Maya Mehani
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Charly Helaine
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Mickael Bourgeois
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS-ERL6075, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
- GIP ARRONAX, F-44800, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Carole Brunaud
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chazalviel
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Julien Pontin
- Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie Univ., US EMerode, Plateforme Proteogen, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Michel Cherel
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR1307, CNRS-ERL6075, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
- GIP ARRONAX, F-44800, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ., ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14000, Caen, France.
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Liu T, Dahle MA, Lystad MH, Marignol L, Karlsen M, Redalen KR. In vitro and in vivo characterization of [ 64Cu][Cu(elesclomol)] as a novel theranostic agent for hypoxic solid tumors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3576-3588. [PMID: 37382663 PMCID: PMC10547809 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxic tumors are associated with therapy resistance and poor cancer prognosis, but methods to detect and counter tumor hypoxia remain insufficient. Our purpose was to investigate 64Cu(II)-elesclomol ([64Cu][Cu(ES)]) as a novel theranostic agent for hypoxic tumors, by implementing an improved production method and assessing its therapeutic and diagnostic potential compared to the established Cu-64 radiopharmaceuticals [64Cu]CuCl2 and [diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]. METHODS Cu-64 was produced using a biomedical cyclotron at 12 MeV with the reaction 64Ni(p,n)64Cu, followed by synthesis of [64Cu]CuCl2, [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)], and [64Cu][Cu(ES)]. In vitro therapeutic effects were assessed in both normoxic and hypoxic cells (22Rv1 and PC3 prostate cancer cells, and U-87MG glioblastoma cells) using the clonogenic assay and analyzing cellular uptake and internalization. In vivo therapeutic effects were assessed in 22Rv1 xenografts in BALB/cAnN-Foxn1nu/nu/Rj mice receiving a single or multiple doses of radiopharmaceutical, before their feasibility to detect tumor hypoxia was assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) in 22Rv1 and U-87MG xenografts. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that [64Cu][Cu(ES)] reduced cell survival and inhibited tumor growth more effectively than [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and [64Cu]CuCl2. Hypoxia increased the cellular uptake and internalization of [64Cu][Cu(ES)] and [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]. [64Cu][Cu(ES)]-PET tumor hypoxia detection was feasible and also revealed an unexpected finding of uptake in the brain. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that ES is radiolabeled with [64Cu]CuCl2 to [64Cu][Cu(ES)]. We demonstrated superior therapeutic effects of [64Cu][Cu(ES)] compared to [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and [64Cu]CuCl2 and that [64Cu][Cu(ES)]-PET is feasible. [64Cu][Cu(ES)] is a promising theranostic agent for hypoxic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Liu
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Aanesland Dahle
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mathilde Hirsum Lystad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laure Marignol
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Morten Karlsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Fiz F, Bottoni G, Ugolini M, Righi S, Cirone A, Garganese MC, Verrico A, Rossi A, Milanaccio C, Ramaglia A, Mastronuzzi A, Abate ME, Cacchione A, Gandolfo C, Colafati GS, Garrè ML, Morana G, Piccardo A. Diagnostic and Dosimetry Features of [ 64Cu]CuCl 2 in High-Grade Paediatric Infiltrative Gliomas. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:391-400. [PMID: 36042116 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REPORT Paediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas (PDHGG) are rare central nervous system neoplasms lacking effective therapeutic options. Molecular imaging of tumour metabolism might identify novel diagnostic/therapeutic targets. In this study, we evaluated the distribution and the dosimetry aspects of [64Cu]CuCl2 in PDHGG subjects, as copper is a key element in cellular metabolism whose turnover may be increased in tumour cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Paediatric patients with PDHGG were prospectively recruited. [64Cu]CuCl2 PET/CT was performed 1 h after tracer injection; if the scan was positive, it was repeated 24 and 72 h later. Lesion standardised uptake value (SUV) and target-to-background ratio (TBR) were calculated. Tumour and organ dosimetry were computed using the MIRD algorithm. Each patient underwent an MRI scan, including FLAIR, T2-weighted and post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. RESULTS Ten patients were enrolled (median age 9, range 6-16 years, 6 females). Diagnoses were diffuse midline gliomas (n = 8, 5 of which with H3K27 alterations) and diffuse hemispheric gliomas (n = 2). Six patients had visible tracer uptake (SUV: 1.0 ± 0.6 TBR: 5 ± 3.1). [64Cu]CuCl2 accumulation was always concordant with MRI contrast enhancement and was higher in the presence of radiological signs of necrosis. SUV and TBR progressively increased on the 24- and 72-h acquisitions (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The liver and the abdominal organs received the highest non-target dose. CONCLUSIONS [64Cu]CuCl2 is a well-tolerated radiotracer with reasonably favourable dosimetric properties, showing selective uptake in tumour areas with visible contrast enhancement and necrosis, thus suggesting that blood-brain barrier damage is a pre-requisite for its distribution to the intracranial structures. Moreover, tracer uptake showed an accumulating trend over time. These characteristics could deserve further analysis, to determine whether this radiopharmaceutical might have a possible therapeutic role as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Ugolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Righi
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Cirone
- Medical Physics Department, E.O. Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Garganese
- Nuclear Medicine Unit/Imaging Department, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Verrico
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Antonia Ramaglia
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Cacchione
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Gandolfo
- Imaging Department, Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Morana
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
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7
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Chen S, Zhang S, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Li J, Li T, Zuo M, Feng W, Chen M, Liu Y. Prognostic value of cuproptosis-related genes signature and its impact on the reshaped immune microenvironment of glioma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1016520. [PMID: 36267281 PMCID: PMC9576857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1016520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent malignancy in the central nervous system. The impact of ion-induced cell death on malignant tumors’ development and immune microenvironment has attracted broad attention in recent years. Cuproptosis is a novel copper-dependent mechanism that could potentially regulate tumor cell death by targeting mitochondria respiration. However, the role of cuproptosis in gliomas remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between the expression of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and tumor characteristics, including prognosis and microenvironment of glioma, by analyzing multiple public databases and our cohort. Consensus clustering based on the expression of twelve CRGs stratified the glioma patients into three subgroups with significantly different prognosis and immune microenvironment landscapes. Reduced immune infiltration was associated with the less aggressive CRG cluster. A prognostic CRGs risk signature (CRGRS), based on eight critical CRGs, classified the patients into low- and high-risk groups in the training set and was endorsed by validation sets from multiple cohorts. The high-risk group manifested a shorter overall survival, and further survival analysis demonstrated that the CRGRS was an independent prognostic factor. The nomogram combining CRGRS and other clinicopathological factors exhibited good accuracy in predicting the prognosis of glioma patients. Moreover, analyses of tumor immune microenvironment indicated that higher CRGRS was correlated with increased immune cell infiltration but diminished immune function. Gliomas in the high-risk group exhibited higher expression of multiple immune checkpoints, including PD-1 and PD-L1, and a better predicted therapy response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In conclusion, our study elucidated the connections between CRGs expression and the aggressiveness of gliomas, and the application of CRGRS derived a new robust model for prognosis evaluation of glioma patients. The correlations between the profiles of CRGs expression and immune tumor microenvironment illuminated prospects and potential indications of immunotherapy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunbo Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingrong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mina Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Mina Chen, ; Yanhui Liu,
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Mina Chen, ; Yanhui Liu,
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8
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Gallez B. The Role of Imaging Biomarkers to Guide Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Tumor Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853568. [PMID: 35910347 PMCID: PMC9335493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that contributes to angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, altered metabolism and genomic instability. As hypoxia is a major actor in tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, multiple approaches have emerged to target tumor hypoxia. It includes among others pharmacological interventions designed to alleviate tumor hypoxia at the time of radiation therapy, prodrugs that are selectively activated in hypoxic cells or inhibitors of molecular targets involved in hypoxic cell survival (i.e., hypoxia inducible factors HIFs, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, unfolded protein response). While numerous strategies were successful in pre-clinical models, their translation in the clinical practice has been disappointing so far. This therapeutic failure often results from the absence of appropriate stratification of patients that could benefit from targeted interventions. Companion diagnostics may help at different levels of the research and development, and in matching a patient to a specific intervention targeting hypoxia. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of the existing hypoxia biomarkers, their current status and the challenges for their future validation as companion diagnostics adapted to the nature of the intervention.
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9
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Parrilha GL, dos Santos RG, Beraldo H. Applications of radiocomplexes with thiosemicarbazones and bis(thiosemicarbazones) in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Earley DF, Esteban Flores J, Guillou A, Holland JP. Photoactivatable bis(thiosemicarbazone) derivatives for copper-64 radiotracer synthesis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5041-5052. [PMID: 35285835 PMCID: PMC8962981 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00209d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, copper-64 and copper-67 have been considered as a useful theranostic pair in nuclear medicine, due to their favourable and complementary decay properties. As 67Cu and 64Cu are chemically identical, development of both existing and new bifunctional chelators for 64Cu imaging agents can be readily adapted for the 67Cu-radionuclide. In this study, we explored the use of photoactivatable copper chelators based on the asymmetric bis(thiosemicarbazone) scaffold, H2ATSM/en, for the photoradiolabelling of protein. Photoactivatable 64CuATSM-derivatives were prepared by both direct synthesis and transmetallation from the corresponding natZn complex. Then, irradiation with UV light in the presence of a protein of interest in a pH buffered aqueous solution afforded the 64Cu-labelled protein conjugates in decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 86.9 ± 1.0% via the transmetallation method and 35.3 ± 1.7% from the direct radiolabelling method. This study successfully demonstrates the viability of photochemically induced conjugation methods for the development of copper-based radiotracers for potential applications in diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. In recent years, copper-64 and copper-67 have been considered as a useful theranostic pair in nuclear medicine. Here, we report a photochemically-mediated approach for radiolabelling biologically relevant protein with copper radionuclides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Earley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jose Esteban Flores
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Amaury Guillou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jason P Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Nachankar A, Oike T, Hanaoka H, Kanai A, Sato H, Yoshida Y, Obinata H, Sakai M, Osu N, Hirota Y, Takahashi A, Shibata A, Ohno T. 64Cu-ATSM Predicts Efficacy of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Associated with Cellular Antioxidant Capacity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246159. [PMID: 34944777 PMCID: PMC8699283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carbon ion radiotherapy is an emerging cancer treatment modality that has a greater therapeutic window than conventional photon radiotherapy. To maximize the efficacy of this extremely scarce medical resource, it is important to identify predictive biomarkers of higher carbon ion relative biological effectiveness (RBE) over photons. Here we show that the carbon ion RBE in human cancer cells correlates with the cellular uptake of 64Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (64Cu-ATSM), a potential radioligand that reflects an over-reduced intracellular environment. High RBE/64Cu-ATSM cells show greater steady-state levels of antioxidant proteins and increased capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species in response to X-rays than low RBE/64Cu-ATSM counterparts. These data suggest that the cellular antioxidant activity is a possible determinant of carbon ion RBE predictable by 64Cu-ATSM uptake. Abstract Carbon ion radiotherapy is an emerging cancer treatment modality that has a greater therapeutic window than conventional photon radiotherapy. To maximize the efficacy of this extremely scarce medical resource, it is important to identify predictive biomarkers of higher carbon ion relative biological effectiveness (RBE) over photons. We addressed this issue by focusing on cellular antioxidant capacity and investigated 64Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (64Cu-ATSM), a potential radioligand that reflects an over-reduced intracellular environment. We found that the carbon ion RBE correlated with 64Cu-ATSM uptake both in vitro and in vivo. High RBE/64Cu-ATSM cells showed greater steady-state levels of antioxidant proteins and increased capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species in response to X-rays than low RBE/64Cu-ATSM counterparts; this upregulation of antioxidant systems was associated with downregulation of TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) sensitized high RBE/64Cu-ATSM cells to X-rays, thereby reducing RBE values to levels comparable to those in low RBE/64Cu-ATSM cells. These data suggest that the cellular activity of Nrf2-driven antioxidant systems is a possible determinant of carbon ion RBE predictable by 64Cu-ATSM uptake. These new findings highlight the potential clinical utility of 64Cu-ATSM imaging to identify high RBE tumors that will benefit from carbon ion radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Nachankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8383
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Radiotheranostics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (H.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Ayaka Kanai
- Department of Radiotheranostics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (H.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Hideru Obinata
- Laboratory for Analytical Instruments, Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Naoto Osu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuka Hirota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (A.N.); (H.S.); (N.O.); (Y.H.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
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12
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Abstract
The use of PET imaging agents in oncology, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease shows the power of this technique in evaluating the molecular and biological characteristics of numerous diseases. These agents provide crucial information for designing therapeutic strategies for individual patients. Novel PET tracers are in continual development and many have potential use in clinical and research settings. This article discusses the potential applications of tracers in diagnostics, the biological characteristics of diseases, the ability to provide prognostic indicators, and using this information to guide treatment strategies including monitoring treatment efficacy in real time to improve outcomes and survival.
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13
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Bolcaen J, Kleynhans J, Nair S, Verhoeven J, Goethals I, Sathekge M, Vandevoorde C, Ebenhan T. A perspective on the radiopharmaceutical requirements for imaging and therapy of glioblastoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:7911-7947. [PMID: 34335972 PMCID: PMC8315062 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinical trials and pre-clinical developments, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains a challenge. The current survival rate of GB averages one year, even with an optimal standard of care. However, the future promises efficient patient-tailored treatments, including targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Advances in radiopharmaceutical development have unlocked the possibility to assess disease at the molecular level allowing individual diagnosis. This leads to the possibility of choosing a tailored, targeted approach for therapeutic modalities. Therapeutic modalities based on radiopharmaceuticals are an exciting development with great potential to promote a personalised approach to medicine. However, an effective targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of GB entails caveats and requisites. This review provides an overview of existing nuclear imaging and TRT strategies for GB. A critical discussion of the optimal characteristics for new GB targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and clinical indications are provided. Considerations for target selection are discussed, i.e. specific presence of the target, expression level and pharmacological access to the target, with particular attention to blood-brain barrier crossing. An overview of the most promising radionuclides is given along with a validation of the relevant radiopharmaceuticals and theranostic agents (based on small molecules, peptides and monoclonal antibodies). Moreover, toxicity issues and safety pharmacology aspects will be presented, both in general and for the brain in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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14
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Spinello A, Borišek J, Pavlin M, Janoš P, Magistrato A. Computing Metal-Binding Proteins for Therapeutic Benefit. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2034-2049. [PMID: 33740297 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Over one third of biomolecules rely on metal ions to exert their cellular functions. Metal ions can play a structural role by stabilizing the structure of biomolecules, a functional role by promoting a wide variety of biochemical reactions, and a regulatory role by acting as messengers upon binding to proteins regulating cellular metal-homeostasis. These diverse roles in biology ascribe critical implications to metal-binding proteins in the onset of many diseases. Hence, it is of utmost importance to exhaustively unlock the different mechanistic facets of metal-binding proteins and to harness this knowledge to rationally devise novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or cure pathological states associated with metal-dependent cellular dysfunctions. In this compendium, we illustrate how the use of a computational arsenal based on docking, classical, and quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations can contribute to extricate the minutiae of the catalytic, transport, and inhibition mechanisms of metal-binding proteins at the atomic level. This knowledge represents a fertile ground and an essential prerequisite for selectively targeting metal-binding proteins with small-molecule inhibitors aiming to (i) abrogate deregulated metal-dependent (mis)functions or (ii) leverage metal-dyshomeostasis to selectively trigger harmful cells death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Spinello
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-, Institute of Materials (IOM) c/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jure Borišek
- National Institute of Chemistry Institution Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Pavlin
- Laboratory of Microsensor Structures and Electronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana Tržaška cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pavel Janoš
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-, Institute of Materials (IOM) c/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Magistrato
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-, Institute of Materials (IOM) c/o International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
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15
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Castellano A, Bailo M, Cicone F, Carideo L, Quartuccio N, Mortini P, Falini A, Cascini GL, Minniti G. Advanced Imaging Techniques for Radiotherapy Planning of Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051063. [PMID: 33802292 PMCID: PMC7959155 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of target delineation in radiation treatment (RT) planning of cerebral gliomas is crucial to achieve high tumor control, while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, represents the current standard imaging modality for target volume delineation of gliomas. However, conventional sequences have limited capability to discriminate treatment-related changes from viable tumors, owing to the low specificity of increased blood-brain barrier permeability and peritumoral edema. Advanced physiology-based MRI techniques, such as MR spectroscopy, diffusion MRI and perfusion MRI, have been developed for the biological characterization of gliomas and may circumvent these limitations, providing additional metabolic, structural, and hemodynamic information for treatment planning and monitoring. Radionuclide imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) with amino acid radiopharmaceuticals, are also increasingly used in the workup of primary brain tumors, and their integration in RT planning is being evaluated in specialized centers. This review focuses on the basic principles and clinical results of advanced MRI and PET imaging techniques that have promise as a complement to RT planning of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Castellano
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Michele Bailo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesco Cicone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, and Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-961-369-4155
| | - Luciano Carideo
- National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Natale Quartuccio
- A.R.N.A.S. Ospedale Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, 90144 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Pietro Mortini
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Andrea Falini
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, and Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital “Mater Domini”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Minniti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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16
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Planeta K, Setkowicz Z, Janik-Olchawa N, Matusiak K, Ryszawy D, Drozdz A, Janeczko K, Ostachowicz B, Chwiej J. Comparison of Elemental Anomalies Following Implantation of Different Cell Lines of Glioblastoma Multiforme in the Rat Brain: A Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4447-4459. [PMID: 33205959 PMCID: PMC7747222 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with a very high degree of malignancy and is classified by WHO as a glioma IV. At present, the treatment of patients suffering from GBM is based on surgical resection of the tumor with maximal protection of surrounding tissues followed by radio- and pharmacological therapy using temozolomide as the most frequently recommended drug. This strategy, however, does not guarantee success and has devastating consequences. Testing of new substances or therapies having potential in the treatment of GBM as well as detection of their side effects cannot be done on humans. Animal models of the disease are usually used for these purposes, and one possibility is the implantation of human tumor cells into rodent brains. Such a solution was used in the present study the purpose of which was comparison of elemental anomalies appearing in the brain as a result of implantation of different glioblastoma cell lines. These were two commercially available cell lines (U87MG and T98G), as well as tumor cells taken directly from a patient diagnosed with GBM. Using total reflection X-ray fluorescence we determined the contents of P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se in implanted-left and intact-right brain hemispheres. The number of elemental anomalies registered for both hemispheres was positively correlated with the invasiveness of GBM cells and was the highest for animals subjected to U87MG cell implantation, which presented significant decrease of P, K, and Cu levels and an increase of Se concentration within the left hemisphere. The abnormality common for all three groups of animals subjected to glioma cell implantation was increased Fe level in the brain, which may result from higher blood supply or the presence of hemorrhaging regions. In the case of the intact hemisphere, elevated Fe concentration may also indicate higher neuronal activity caused by taking over some functions of the left hemisphere impaired as a result of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Planeta
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Setkowicz
- Jagiellonian
University, Institute of Zoology
and Biomedical Research, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | - Natalia Janik-Olchawa
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matusiak
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- Jagiellonian
University, Faculty of Biochemistry,
Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Drozdz
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Janeczko
- Jagiellonian
University, Institute of Zoology
and Biomedical Research, Krakow 31-007, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Joanna Chwiej
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow 30-059, Poland
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17
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Simões JCS, Sarpaki S, Papadimitroulas P, Therrien B, Loudos G. Conjugated Photosensitizers for Imaging and PDT in Cancer Research. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14119-14150. [PMID: 32990442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection and perfect understanding of the disease are imperative toward efficient treatments. It is straightforward that, for choosing a specific cancer treatment methodology, diagnostic agents undertake a critical role. Imaging is an extremely intriguing tool since it assumes a follow up to treatments to survey the accomplishment of the treatment and to recognize any conceivable repeating injuries. It also permits analysis of the disease, as well as to pursue treatment and monitor the possible changes that happen on the tumor. Likewise, it allows screening the adequacy of treatment and visualizing the state of the tumor. Additionally, when the treatment is finished, observing the patient is imperative to evaluate the treatment methodology and adjust the treatment if necessary. The goal of this review is to present an overview of conjugated photosensitizers for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C S Simões
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.,BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Sarpaki
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Bruno Therrien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - George Loudos
- BioEmission Technology Solutions, Alexandras Avenue 116, 11472 Athens, Greece
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18
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Valtorta S, Salvatore D, Rainone P, Belloli S, Bertoli G, Moresco RM. Molecular and Cellular Complexity of Glioma. Focus on Tumour Microenvironment and the Use of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5631. [PMID: 32781585 PMCID: PMC7460665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the importance and the complexity of tumour biology and microenvironment in the progression and therapy resistance of glioma. Specific gene mutations, the possible functions of several non-coding microRNAs and the intra-tumour and inter-tumour heterogeneity of cell types contribute to limit the efficacy of the actual therapeutic options. In this scenario, identification of molecular biomarkers of response and the use of multimodal in vivo imaging and in particular the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) based molecular approach, can help identifying glioma features and the modifications occurring during therapy at a regional level. Indeed, a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and the development of diagnostic procedures can favor the identification of a cluster of patients for personalized medicine in order to improve the survival and their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Belloli
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
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19
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Liu T, Karlsen M, Karlberg AM, Redalen KR. Hypoxia imaging and theranostic potential of [ 64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts: a review of current evidence and discussion of the retention mechanisms. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:33. [PMID: 32274601 PMCID: PMC7145880 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia (low tissue oxygenation) is an adverse condition of the solid tumor environment, associated with malignant progression, radiotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis. One method to detect tumor hypoxia is by positron emission tomography (PET) with the tracer [64Cu][Cu-diacetyl-bis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone)] ([64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]), as demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, emerging studies suggest using [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] for molecular radiotherapy, mainly due to the release of therapeutic Auger electrons from copper-64, making [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] a “theranostic” agent. However, the radiocopper retention based on a metal-ligand dissociation mechanism under hypoxia has long been controversial. Recent studies using ionic Cu(II) salts as tracers have raised further questions on the original mechanism and proposed a potential role of copper itself in the tracer uptake. We have reviewed the evidence of using the copper radiopharmaceuticals [60/61/62/64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]/ionic copper salts for PET imaging of tumor hypoxia, their possible therapeutic applications, issues related to the metal-ligand dissociation mechanism, and possible explanations of copper trapping based on studies of the copper metabolism under hypoxia. Results We found that hypoxia selectivity of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] has been clearly demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical therapeutic studies in mice have also demonstrated promising results, recently reporting significant tumor volume reductions and improved survival in a dose-dependent manner. Cu(II)-[Cu(ATSM)] appears to be accumulated in regions with substantially higher CD133+ expression, a marker for cancer stem cells. This, combined with the reported requirement of copper for activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), provides a possible explanation for the therapeutic effects of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]. Comparisons between [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts have showed similar results in both imaging and therapeutic studies, supporting the argument for the central role of copper itself in the retention mechanism. Conclusions We found promising evidence of using copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals for both PET imaging and treatment of hypoxic tumors. The Cu(II)-[Cu(ATSM)] retention mechanism remains controversial and future mechanistic studies should be focused on understanding the role of copper itself in the hypoxic tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Liu
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Karlsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Maria Karlberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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