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Long C, Sun C, Lin H, Gao X, Qu Z. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy combined with omalizumab in children with dust mite-induced asthma. J Asthma 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38888746 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2368193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefits of combining omalizumab with specific immunotherapy (SCIT) in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma. METHODS In this study, 83 children with asthma were treated at the Allergy Department of Qingdao University from January 2019 to February 2020. Participants were divided into three groups: SCIT, combination (omalizumab + SCIT), and control (standard asthma medications). We assessed Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and lung function at baseline, 24 wk, and 48 wk. Additionally, asthma medication scores were compared at 24 and 48 wk. Adverse reactions were monitored in both the SCIT and combination groups. RESULTS The combination group demonstrated lower ACQ scores at both 24 and 48 wk, and improved VAS scores at 48 wk compared to the other groups. Additionally, lung function parameters (FEV1 and FEF50) showed significant improvement in the combination group. Reduced asthma medication scores were noted in the combination group at 24 and 48 wk. Local adverse reactions were fewer in the combination group, and no systemic adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSION Combining omalizumab with SCIT provides quicker asthma control, lowers medication requirements, and enhances lung function with fewer adverse effects, making it a safe and effective treatment for children with bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Long
- Department of Pediatrics (III), Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Allergy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Allergy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghai Qu
- Children's Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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2
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Olivieri B, Günaydın FE, Corren J, Senna G, Durham SR. The combination of allergen immunotherapy and biologics for inhalant allergies: Exploring the synergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00365-X. [PMID: 38897405 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibodies that selectively target IgE and type 2 immunity has opened new possibilities in the treatment of allergies. Although they have been used mainly as single therapies found to have efficacy in the management of asthma and other T2-mediated diseases, there is a growing interest in using these monoclonal antibodies in combination with allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT has transformed the treatment of allergic diseases by aiming to modify the underlying immune response to allergens rather than just providing temporary symptom relief. Despite the proven efficacy and safety of AIT, unmet needs call for further research and innovation. Combination strategies involving biologics and AIT exhibit potential in improving short-term efficacy, reducing adverse events, and increasing immunologic tolerance. Anti-IgE emerges as the most promising therapeutic strategy, not only enhancing AIT's safety and tolerability but also providing additional evidence of efficacy compared with AIT alone. Anti-interleukin-4 receptor offers a reduction in adverse effects and an improved immunologic profile when combined with AIT; however, its impact on short-term efficacy seems limited. The combination of cat dander subcutaneous immunotherapy with anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin was synergistic with enhanced efficacy and altered immune responses that persisted for 1 year after discontinuation compared with AIT alone. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the sustained benefits and safety profiles of combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Olivieri
- Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fatma Esra Günaydın
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Diseases, Ordu University Education and Training Hospital, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Jonathan Corren
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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3
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Jutel M, Klimek L, Richter H, Brüggenjürgen B, Vogelberg C. House dust mite SCIT reduces asthma risk and significantly improves long-term rhinitis and asthma control-A RWE study. Allergy 2024; 79:1042-1051. [PMID: 38429981 DOI: 10.1111/all.16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The German Therapy Allergen Ordinance (TAO) triggered an ongoing upheaval in the market for house dust mite (HDM) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) products. Three HDM subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) products hold approval in Germany and therefore will be available after the scheduled completion of the TAO procedure in 2026. In general, data from clinical trials on the long-term effectiveness of HDM AIT are rare. We evaluated real-world data (RWD) in a retrospective, observational cohort study based on a longitudinal claims database including 60% of all German statutory healthcare prescriptions to show the long-term effectiveness of one of these products in daily life. Aim of this analysis was to provide a per product analysis on effectiveness of mite AIT as it is demanded by international guidelines on AIT. METHODS Subjects between 5 and 70 years receiving their first (index) prescription of SCIT with a native HDM product (SCIT group) between 2009 and 2013 were included. The exactly 3:1 matched control group received prescriptions for only symptomatic AR medication (non-AIT group); the evaluation period for up to 6 years of follow-up ended in February 2017. Study endpoints were the progression of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, asthma occurrence and time to the onset of asthma after at least 2 treatment years. RESULTS In total, 892 subjects (608 adults and 284 children/adolescents) were included in the SCIT group and 2676 subjects (1824 adults and 852 children/adolescents) in the non-AIT group. During the follow-up period after at least 2 years of SCIT, the number of prescriptions in the SCIT group was reduced by 62.8% (p < .0001) for AR medication and by 42.4% for asthma medication (p = .0003). New-onset asthma risk was significantly reduced in the SCIT vs non-AIT group by 27.0% (p = .0212). The asthma-preventive effect of SCIT occurred 15 months after start of the treatment. In the SCIT group, the time to onset of asthma was prolonged compared to the non-AIT group (p = .0010). CONCLUSION In this first product based RWD analysis on SCIT with a native HDM product, patients aged 5 to 70 years benefited from AIT in the long term in terms of reduced progression of AR and asthma after at least 2 years of treatment. The effects seemed to last for up to 6 years after treatment termination. A significantly reduced risk of asthma onset was observed, starting after 15 months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jutel
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Brüggenjürgen
- Institute for Health Services Research and Technical Orthopedics, Orthopedic Clinic of Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- Department of Pneumology and Allergology, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Pfaar O, Portnoy J, Nolte H, Chaker AM, Luna-Pech JA, Patterson A, Pandya A, Larenas-Linnemann D. Future Directions of Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Experts' Perspective. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:32-44. [PMID: 37716529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is broadly used all over the world as the only available disease-modifying treatment option. The aim of this experts' perspective is to address 7 important unmet needs for the further direction of AIT and to provide the readership with the authors' positions on these topics. An international group of experts in the field of AIT have formulated 7 important aspects for the future position of AIT, performed a current literature review, and proposed a consented position on these topics. The aspects discussed and consented by the authors include: (1) alternative routes of allergen application in AIT, (2) potential of recombinant vaccines, (3) the role of allergy diagnosis based on component-resolved diagnosis for AIT composition, (4) the impact of COVID-19 vaccination for further innovations in AIT, (5) potential of combining biologics to AIT, (6) future innovations in high-risk children/adolescents, and (7) the future regulatory position on AIT. Important unmet needs and topics for AIT have been addressed in this expert review. The authors' views and personal position on these 7 aspects have also been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jay Portnoy
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo
| | | | - Adam M Chaker
- TUM School of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Center of Allergy and Environment, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorge A Luna-Pech
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológico e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Amber Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio; Auni Allergy, Findlay, Ohio
| | - Aarti Pandya
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo
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5
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Li S, Murakami D, Nagatoishi S, Liu Y, Tsumoto K, Katayama Y, Mori T. One-pot preparation of mannan-coated antigen nanoparticles using human serum albumin as a matrix for tolerance induction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:955-965. [PMID: 37392685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) for allergen immunotherapy have garnered attention for their high efficiency and safety compared with naked antigen proteins. In this work, we present mannan-coated protein NPs, incorporating antigen proteins for antigen-specific tolerance induction. The heat-induced formation of protein NPs is a one-pot preparation method and can be applied to various proteins. Here, the NPs were formed spontaneously via heat denaturation of three component proteins: an antigen protein, human serum albumin (HSA) as a matrix protein, and mannoprotein (MAN) as a targeting ligand for dendritic cells (DCs). HSA is non-immunogenic, therefore suitable as a matrix protein, while MAN coats the surface of the NP. We applied this method to various antigen proteins and found that the self-disperse after heat denaturation was a requirement for incorporation into the NPs. We also established that the NPs could target DCs, and the incorporation of rapamycin into the NPs enhanced the induction of a tolerogenic phenotype of DC. The MAN coating provided steric hindrance and heat denaturation destroyed recognition structures, successfully preventing anti-antigen antibody binding, indicating the NPs may avoid anaphylaxis induction. The MAN-coated NPs proposed here, prepared by a simple method, have the potential for effective and safe allergies treatment for various antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Japan; International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Centre for Advanced Medicine Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Japan.
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6
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Ai T, Zhang P, Luo R, Fan Y, Xia W, Wang L. Effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite drops in asthmatic children at different ages. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1170860. [PMID: 37377755 PMCID: PMC10291045 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1170860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory allergies in children, such as asthma and rhinitis, are becoming progressively common every year. Recent studies found that pediatric patients with asthma receiving regular medication and specific immunotherapy (SIT) had improved therapeutic outcomes in a wide age range. However, there are few studies that have examined the effectiveness of SIT treatment in children with allergic asthma at different ages in terms of the degree of asthma control, improvements in lung function, and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Method A total of 200 asthmatic pediatric patients who had been receiving regular treatment for at least a year were split into the observation and the control groups, which depended on whether sublingual immunotherapy was added based on conventional treatment medicines. The children who were divided by an age cut-off of 6 years old in these two groups were compared before and after therapy based on the exhaled levels of FeNO, pulmonary function, visual analog scale, medication scores, daytime and nighttime ratings of asthma symptom, and rhinitis symptom scores. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in various indicators of the patients under 6 years old; and in the older children (6-16 years old) group, the scores of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The FEF75, FEF50, FEF25, and MMEF75/MMEF25 indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical significance in other indexes (P > 0.05). The scores of ACT, FEF75, FEF50, MMEF72/MMEF25, and FeNO in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05), and the differences in other indexes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Between the young-age group and the elder group, there was no significant difference in all indexes in the observation group before and after treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusion Children with asthma of all ages can considerably benefit from sublingual immunotherapy. Specifically, younger patients showed greater tendency on the improvement of small airway resistance, whereas school-age children with asthma significantly improved their small airway resistance as well as their asthma control and inflammation alleviation.
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7
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Pfaar O, Becker S, Calabria C, Hartenstein D, Jung J, Zimmer J, Ponda P. Comparison of allergen immunotherapy practice patterns in inhalant allergies in the United States of America and Europe: Similarities and differences 2023. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100766. [PMID: 37251813 PMCID: PMC10220280 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis are common chronic diseases in the western world. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) plays a fundamental role in the treatment of allergic patients by modulating the underlying immune mechanisms. Though this treatment is integrated in practice-patterns globally, many differences are found in the application of AIT on the national or international level due to heterogeneous methods, and clinical recommendations are given in different parts of the world. This review from authors in Europe and the United States highlights differences and similarities in important aspects of AIT application in the 2 global regions. First, the regulatory situation differs regarding marketing authorization and licensing. Secondly, differences are elaborated in manufacturing practices, marketing distribution and formulations of AIT products. Thirdly, clinical administration patterns in the current guidelines show similarities in indications and contraindications of AIT, but also are divergent in some practical aspects. Informing the readership on similarities, as well as differences of standards in AIT in the United States and Europe, the authors highlight the unmet need of thorough harmonization of standards of AIT, as it is the only disease modifying treatment option available for patients with allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Christopher Calabria
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Jenna Jung
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Julia Zimmer
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Punita Ponda
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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8
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Tahlawi R, Aljabri HA. Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Children. Cureus 2022; 14:e32464. [PMID: 36644088 PMCID: PMC9834958 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammation of the nasal membranes characterized by multiple allergic symptoms. It is a widespread health problem that affects patients' ability to engage in social and physical activity, which lowers their quality of life. The pathophysiology of AR is complex and requires sensitization and the development of a specific immune response to the allergen. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a therapeutic method that induces specific immune tolerance to allergens. The objectives of this review are to demonstrate the mechanism of action of immunotherapy, explain how it alleviates clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis, list the indications and contraindications of immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, and identify different modalities of allergen immunotherapy, their disease-modifying effects, as well as their potential risks and benefits. The review of the literature highlights that T-cell and B-cell responses to inhaled allergens are altered by AIT, which decreases both early and late reactions to allergen exposure. To induce clinical and immunologic tolerance, especially in the pediatric age, escalating dosages of the causing allergen are administered subcutaneously or sublingually. AIT is indicated for severe persistent AR when avoidance measures and medications are inadequate to control the symptoms. To conclude, AIT is a disease-modifying therapy that is safe and effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It is indicated when the symptoms are uncontrolled or when there are undesirable effects from pharmacotherapy.
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9
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Sun J, Dong S, Li J, Zhao H. A comprehensive review on the effects of green tea and its components on the immune function. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Sousa-Pinto B, Azevedo LF, Sá-Sousa A, Vieira RJ, Amaral R, Klimek L, Czarlewski W, Anto JM, Bedbrook A, Kvedariene V, Ventura MT, Ansotegui IJ, Bergmann KC, Brussino L, Canonica GW, Cardona V, Carreiro-Martins P, Casale T, Cecchi L, Chivato T, Chu DK, Cingi C, Costa EM, Cruz AA, De Feo G, Devillier P, Fokkens WJ, Gaga M, Gemicioğlu B, Haahtela T, Ivancevich JC, Ispayeva Z, Jutel M, Kuna P, Kaidashev I, Kraxner H, Larenas-Linnemann DE, Laune D, Lipworth B, Louis R, Makris M, Monti R, Morais-Almeida M, Mösges R, Mullol J, Odemyr M, Okamoto Y, Papadopoulos NG, Patella V, Pham-Thi N, Regateiro FS, Reitsma S, Rouadi PW, Samolinski B, Sova M, Todo-Bom A, Taborda-Barata L, Tomazic PV, Toppila-Salmi S, Sastre J, Tsiligianni I, Valiulis A, Wallace D, Waserman S, Yorgancioglu A, Zidarn M, Zuberbier T, Fonseca JA, Bousquet J, Pfaar O. Allergen immunotherapy in MASK-air users in real-life: Results of a Bayesian mixed-effects model. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12128. [PMID: 35344295 PMCID: PMC8967259 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence regarding the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on allergic rhinitis has been provided mostly by randomised controlled trials, with little data from real‐life studies. Objective To compare the reported control of allergic rhinitis symptoms in three groups of users of the MASK‐air® app: those receiving sublingual AIT (SLIT), those receiving subcutaneous AIT (SCIT), and those receiving no AIT. Methods We assessed the MASK‐air® data of European users with self‐reported grass pollen allergy, comparing the data reported by patients receiving SLIT, SCIT and no AIT. Outcome variables included the daily impact of allergy symptoms globally and on work (measured by visual analogue scales—VASs), and a combined symptom‐medication score (CSMS). We applied Bayesian mixed‐effects models, with clustering by patient, country and pollen season. Results We analysed a total of 42,756 days from 1,093 grass allergy patients, including 18,479 days of users under AIT. Compared to no AIT, SCIT was associated with similar VAS levels and CSMS. Compared to no AIT, SLIT‐tablet was associated with lower values of VAS global allergy symptoms (average difference = 7.5 units out of 100; 95% credible interval [95%CrI] = −12.1;−2.8), lower VAS Work (average difference = 5.0; 95%CrI = −8.5;−1.5), and a lower CSMS (average difference = 3.7; 95%CrI = −9.3;2.2). When compared to SCIT, SLIT‐tablet was associated with lower VAS global allergy symptoms (average difference = 10.2; 95%CrI = −17.2;−2.8), lower VAS Work (average difference = 7.8; 95%CrI = −15.1;0.2), and a lower CSMS (average difference = 9.3; 95%CrI = −18.5;0.2). Conclusion In patients with grass pollen allergy, SLIT‐tablet, when compared to no AIT and to SCIT, is associated with lower reported symptom severity. Future longitudinal studies following internationally‐harmonised standards for performing and reporting real‐world data in AIT are needed to better understand its ‘real‐world’ effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Azevedo
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sá-Sousa
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael José Vieira
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Amaral
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Josep M Anto
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Violeta Kvedariene
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maria Teresa Ventura
- University of Bari Medical School, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, Bari, Italy
| | - Ignacio J Ansotegui
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Brussino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Torino & Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - G Walter Canonica
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.,Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Victoria Cardona
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron & ARADyAL Research Network, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Carreiro-Martins
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School/Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy/immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Tomás Chivato
- School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Derek K Chu
- Department of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cemal Cingi
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, ENT Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Elisio M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUINTE, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing of University of Porto (Porto4Ageing), Porto, Portugal
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Fundaçao ProAR, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Giulia De Feo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Philippe Devillier
- VIM Suresnes, UMR_0892, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Gaga
- ERS President 2017-2018, Athens Chest Hospital, 7th Respiratory Medicine Department and Asthma Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Bilun Gemicioğlu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Zhanat Ispayeva
- Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of the Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Helga Kraxner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Désirée E Larenas-Linnemann
- Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Brian Lipworth
- Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Cardiovascular & Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liege, Belgium.,GIGA I3 Research Group, Liege, Belgium
| | - Michaël Makris
- Allergy Unit 'D Kalogeromitros', 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Riccardo Monti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ralph Mösges
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Cologne, Germany.,IMSB, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikaëla Odemyr
- EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Vincenzo Patella
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Agency of Health ASL Salerno, 'Santa Maria della Speranza' Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nhân Pham-Thi
- Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau, IRBA (Institut de Recherche bio-Médicale des Armées), Bretigny, France
| | - Frederico S Regateiro
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip W Rouadi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.,ENT Department, Dar Al Shifa Hospital, Salmiya, Kuwait
| | - Boleslaw Samolinski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milan Sova
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Hospital Brno, Liskovec, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Todo-Bom
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Taborda-Barata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,UBIAir-Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Peter Valentin Tomazic
- Department of General ORL, H&NS, Medical University of Graz, ENT-University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sanna Toppila-Salmi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERES, Faculty of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.,International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dana Wallace
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Susan Waserman
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mihaela Zidarn
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - João Almeida Fonseca
- MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medicina, EDucação, I&D e Avaliação, Lda (MEDIDA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Xu C, Song Y, Wang Z, Jiang J, Piao Y, Li L, Jin S, Li L, Zhu L, Yan G. Pterostilbene suppresses oxidative stress and allergic airway inflammation through AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1406-1417. [PMID: 34342160 PMCID: PMC8589405 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pterostilbene (Pts) may be used for allergic asthma treatment. The AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways are potential targets for asthma treatement. However, the relationship between Pts and AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways in asthma is unclear. Herein, we aim to explore the pharmacological effects of Pts on oxidative stress and allergic inflammatory response as well as the mechanism involving AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways. Methods Asthma model was established in mice with ovalbumin (OVA). The model mice were treated by different concentrations of Pts. Lung pathological changes were observed through histological staining. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated 16HBE cells were treated with Pts. The siAMPKα2, siSirt1 and siNrf2 knockdown, and treatment with compound C, EX‐527 or ML385 were also performed in 16HBE cells. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐13, IL‐5, total and OVA specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and interferon γ (IFN‐γ). Pneumonography was used to measure the airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to measure protein levels. Results Pts significantly attenuated lung inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell proliferation. Meanwhile, Pts treatment could reduce IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐5, and IgE (total and OVA specific) levels in the asthma model mice. However, IFN‐γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was elevated. In addition, Pts reduced AHR. We also found that Pts treatment promoted serum SOD and CAT, and reduced MDA. In vitro results showed that Pts treatment promoted iNOS, TNF‐α, COX‐2, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 expressions in 16HBE cells, prolonged G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and resulted in a shortened G2M phase. Moreover, we found that Pts promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK in 16HBE, and meanwhile inhibited the increase of ROS induced by LPS. Additionally, Pts treatment inhibited p‐AMPK, Sirt1, Nrf2 and HO‐1, which in turn leads to the alleviation of AMPK/Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways. Conclusion Pts alleviated oxidative stress and allergic airway inflammation via regulation of AMPK/Sirt1and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yilan Song
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiguang Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yihua Piao
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Li Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.,Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China
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12
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Wang L, Ai T, Luo R, Fan Y, Duan Y. Benefit Effect of Sublingual Dust Mite Drops on the Control of Asthma in Children. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3431-3438. [PMID: 34285566 PMCID: PMC8286724 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s316448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of sublingual dust mite drops on inhaled corticosteroid replacement and its effect on asthma control level. METHODS Two hundred children with asthma who had received regular treatment for one year or more were divided into the observation group (71 cases) and control group (89 cases) according to whether sublingual dust mite drops were added on the basis of conventional treatment drugs. After treatment, C-ACT score, VAS score, drug score, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide level, and "ICS avoidance" were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Before treatment, FVC and PEF25 scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in other indicators between the two groups. There was no statistical significance in each index between the single allergic group and the multiple allergic group. Both the observation group and the control group showed statistically significant differences in each index before and after treatment. C-ACT score, FVC, FEV1, PEF, PEF75, PEF50, PEF25, MMEF75/MMEF25 after treatment were all higher than before treatment in both groups; VAS score, drug score and FeNO after treatment were all lower than before treatment. Except PEF, the difference between the observation group and the control group before and after treatment was statistically significant. Among them, after treatment, the increased values of C-ACT, FVC, FEV1, PEF75, PEF50, PEF25, MMEF75/MMEF25 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the decreased values of VAS score, drug score and FeNO were higher than those in the control group. The differences were statistically significant. After treatment, the increased value of FEV1 in the single allergic group was higher than that in the multiple allergic group, and the difference was statistically significant. There was no statistical significance in the changes in other indexes between the two groups before and after treatment. The ICS avoidance rate in the observation group was 57.4% (58/100), higher than that in the control group (17.0%, 17/100), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=35.108, P < 0.01). The ICS avoidance rate was 55.6% (15/27) in the single allergic group and 58.1% (43/74) in the multiple allergic group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.053, P=0.818). CONCLUSION Sublingual dust mite drops can significantly improve the asthma control levels in children with asthma and have the effect of inhaled corticosteroid replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ai
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Luo
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Fan
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Duan
- Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Allergen immunotherapy for pediatric asthma: current evidence and knowledge gaps. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 20:162-167. [PMID: 31972602 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The introduction of high-quality and standardized extracts for immunotherapy has renewed the interest in the treatment of pediatric allergic asthma that represents a high-prevalence disease. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to clinical trials, several systematic reviews and metaanalyses were published, confirming overall the clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in pediatric asthma. In addition, new data on the preventive effect of the treatment on asthma onset were published. Despite this, many intriguing questions emerged, in parallel to the development of knowledge. SUMMARY Allergen immunotherapy is overall effective for the treatment of asthma in children, but a class-effect should not be claimed, rather the efficacy of each single product. According to the recent findings, the challenge for the future research will be to clarify: when to start immunotherapy in children, which are (if they exist) the predictive biomarkers for efficacy in the single individual, the magnitude of the preventive effect and the optimal duration of the treatment.
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14
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Di Bona D, Paoletti G, Chu DK, Pepys J, Macchia L, Heffler E, Canonica GW. Allergen immunotherapy for respiratory allergy: Quality appraisal of observational comparative effectiveness studies using the REal Life Evidence AssessmeNt Tool. An EAACI methodology committee analysis. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12033. [PMID: 34141180 PMCID: PMC8203181 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational comparative effectiveness studies in allergen immunotherapy (AIT) represent an important evidence source answering research questions that can be challenging to obtain from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such as long-term benefits of AIT, the effects on asthma prevention and the onset of new allergen sensitizations. However, observational studies are prone to several sources of bias, which limit their reliability.The REal Life Evidence AssessmeNt Tool (RELEVANT) was recently developed to assist in quality appraisal of observational comparative research to enable identification of useful nonrandomized studies to be considered within guideline development. Objective To systematically appraise the quality of published observational comparative AIT studies using RELEVANT. Methods Observational studies comparing AIT to pharmacotherapy for respiratory allergies, assessing as outcome measures reduction of symptoms and/or medication use reduction, were retrieved by computerized bibliographic searches. According to RELEVANT, a failure to meet any one of primary items (background, design, measures, analysis, results, discussion/interpretation, and conflict of interest) represents a critical flaw, significantly undermining the validity of the study results. Results The 14 studies identified supported the benefit of AIT in real-life, which persists after treatment discontinuation. However, none of them met all the 7 primary RELEVANT criteria. The main defects were reported in the design (28.6% of studies), measures and analysis (64.3% of studies), and results (78.6% of studies) items, due to selection bias and lack of methods for adjusting controls. Half of the studies did not report on conflict of interest. Conclusion There is a need for more robust observational research in AIT. RELEVANT appears as an easy-to-use and sensitive tool for quality appraisal in AIT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Di Bona
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology University of Bari Aldo Moro Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele Italy
| | - Derek K Chu
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods Evidence & Impact McMaster University.,The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton. Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Jack Pepys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele Italy
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology University of Bari Aldo Moro Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Pieve Emanuele Italy
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15
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Akar-Ghibril N, Casale T, Custovic A, Phipatanakul W. Allergic Endotypes and Phenotypes of Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:429-440. [PMID: 32037107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is defined as asthma associated with sensitization to aeroallergens, which leads to asthma symptoms and airway inflammation. Allergic asthma is the most common asthma phenotype. The onset of allergic asthma is most often in childhood and is usually accompanied by other comorbidities including atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. It is often persistent although there is a wide variation in disease severity. It is a TH2-driven process. Biomarkers have been identified to distinguish patients with allergic asthma, particularly serum IgE levels, tests to indicate sensitization to aeroallergens such as specific IgE or skin prick test positivity, blood and sputum eosinophil levels, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and periostin. Treatments for allergic asthma include environmental control measures, allergen immunotherapy, and glucocorticoids. Biologics, targeting the TH2 pathway, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Akar-Ghibril
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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16
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Tabar AI, Delgado J, González-Mancebo E, Arroabarren E, Soto Retes L, Domínguez-Ortega J. Recent Advances in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy as Treatment for Allergic Asthma: A Practical Overview. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:496-514. [PMID: 33631755 DOI: 10.1159/000513811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Asthma Report updated in 2019 stated that potential benefits of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), compared to pharmacological and avoidance options, must be weighed against the risk of adverse effects and the inconvenience and cost of the prolonged course of therapy in asthma. Thus, with the aim of clarifying some aspects with regard to the possible use of AIT in allergic asthma treatment armamentarium, a group of expert allergists from the Spanish Allergy and Clinical Immunology Scientific Society (SEAIC), particularly from the Immunotherapy and Asthma Interest Groups developed a frequently asked questions in clinical practice. This document updates relevant topics on the use of AIT in asthma and could facilitate physician clinical decisions and improve health outcomes for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Tabar
- Department of Allergy, Hospital Complex of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Cooperative Health Research Thematic Networks (RETICs) for Asthma, Adverse Reactions to Drugs, and Allergy (ARADYAL) Research Network, Pamplona, Spain,
| | - Julio Delgado
- Clinical Management for Allergy Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloina González-Mancebo
- Department of Allergy, University Hospital Fuenlabrada, La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Cooperative Health Research Thematic Networks (RETICs) for Asthma, Adverse Reactions to Drugs and Allergy (ARADYAL) Research Network, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Soto Retes
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Domínguez-Ortega
- Department of Allergy, La Paz Hospital Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Braun C, Vocanson M, Nicolas JF, Nosbaum A. Physiopathologie de la dermatite atopique et des autres maladies atopiques : une approche globale est-elle possible ? Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:11S4-11S11. [PMID: 33250137 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(20)31082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atopy is defined by the propensity to develop an exaggerated type-2 inflammatory response to environmental molecules. Clinically, atopy is diagnosed when atopic disease occurs: atopic dermatitis, food allergy, atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Whereas the classical "atopic march" is increasingly challenged through epidemiological studies, type-2 cellular inflammation is a characteristic shared by the atopic diseases. This inflammation can be innate (non-specific: eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells [ILC]), or adaptive (antigen-specific, involving T cells). Interleukins (IL-)4, 5 and 13 are major actors of type-2 inflammation and are mainly produced by ILC and T cells. The efficacy of treatments targeting these type-2 cytokines highlight the importance of type-2 inflammation in atopic diseases. However, several patients do not respond to type-2 targeting treatments, highlighting the presence of other actors in pathophysiology of atopic diseases: alteration of epithelial barrier, IgE-mediated allergic responses, type-17 inflammation. Thus, the term "endotype" can illustrate this diversity in pathophysiology. Finally, a global approach of atopic diseases, as type-2 inflammatory diseases, is fundamental, but not sufficient. An approach by endotype is advisable, in a personalized medicine perspective. © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Braun
- CIRI - Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (International Center for Infectiology Research), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, service de pneumologie et allergologie pédiatriques, Bron, France.
| | - M Vocanson
- CIRI - Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (International Center for Infectiology Research), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - J F Nicolas
- CIRI - Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (International Center for Infectiology Research), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, service d'allergologie et immunologie clinique, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - A Nosbaum
- CIRI - Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (International Center for Infectiology Research), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, service d'allergologie et immunologie clinique, Pierre-Bénite, France
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18
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Branco ACCC, Sato MN, Alberca RW. The Possible Dual Role of the ACE2 Receptor in Asthma and Coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:550571. [PMID: 33072624 PMCID: PMC7538685 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.550571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common long-term respiratory disease affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide. Approximately half of people with asthma have an important allergic component to their disease, which may provide an opportunity for targeted treatment. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) aims to reduce asthma symptoms by delivering increasing doses of an allergen (e.g. house dust mite, pollen extract) under the tongue to induce immune tolerance. Fifty-two studies were identified and synthesised in the original Cochrane Review in 2015, but questions remained about the safety and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for people with asthma. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy compared with placebo or standard care for adults and children with asthma. SEARCH METHODS The original searches for trials from the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register (CAGR), ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP, and reference lists of all primary studies and review articles found trials up to 25 March 2015. The most recent search for trials for the current update was conducted on 29 October 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included parallel randomised controlled trials, irrespective of blinding or duration, that evaluated sublingual immunotherapy versus placebo or as an add-on to standard asthma management. We included both adults and children with asthma of any severity and with any allergen-sensitisation pattern. We included studies that recruited participants with asthma, rhinitis, or both, providing at least 80% of trial participants had a diagnosis of asthma. We selected outcomes to reflect recommended outcomes for asthma clinical trials and those most important to people with asthma. Primary outcomes were asthma exacerbations requiring a visit to the emergency department (ED) or admission to hospital, validated measures of quality of life, and all-cause serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcomes were asthma symptom scores, exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids, response to provocation tests, and dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the search results for included trials, extracted numerical data, and assessed risk of bias, all of which were cross-checked for accuracy. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion. We analysed dichotomous data as odds ratios (ORs) or risk differences (RDs) using study participants as the unit of analysis; we analysed continuous data as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) using random-effects models. We considered the strength of evidence for all primary and secondary outcomes using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS Sixty-six studies met the inclusion criteria for this update, including 52 studies from the original review. Most studies were double-blind and placebo-controlled, varied in duration from one day to three years, and recruited participants with mild or intermittent asthma, often with comorbid allergic rhinitis. Twenty-three studies recruited adults and teenagers; 31 recruited only children; three recruited both; and nine did not specify. The pattern of reporting and results remained largely unchanged from the original review despite 14 further studies and a 50% increase in participants studied (5077 to 7944). Reporting of primary efficacy outcomes to measure the impact of SLIT on asthma exacerbations and quality of life was infrequent, and selective reporting may have had a serious effect on the completeness of the evidence; 16 studies did not contribute any data, and a further six studies could only be included in a post hoc analysis of all adverse events. Allocation procedures were generally not well described; about a quarter of the studies were at high risk of performance or detection bias (or both); and participant attrition was high or unknown in around half of the studies. The primary outcome in most studies did not align with those of interest to the review (mostly asthma or rhinitis symptoms), and only two small studies reported our primary outcome of exacerbations requiring an ED or hospital visit; the pooled estimate from these studies suggests SLIT may reduce exacerbations compared with placebo or usual care, but the evidence is very uncertain (OR 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10 to 1.20; n = 108; very low-certainty evidence). Nine studies reporting quality of life could not be combined in a meta-analysis and, whilst the direction of effect mostly favoured SLIT, the effects were often uncertain and small. SLIT likely does not increase SAEs compared with placebo or usual care, and analysis by risk difference suggests no more than 1 in 100 people taking SLIT will have a serious adverse event (RD -0.0004, 95% CI -0.0072 to 0.0064; participants = 4810; studies = 29; moderate-certainty evidence). Regarding secondary outcomes, asthma symptom and medication scores were mostly measured with non-validated scales, which precluded meaningful meta-analysis or interpretation, but there was a general trend of SLIT benefit over placebo. Changes in ICS use (MD -17.13 µg/d, 95% CI -61.19 to 26.93; low-certainty evidence), exacerbations requiring oral steroids (studies = 2; no events), and bronchial provocation (SMD 0.99, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.82; low-certainty evidence) were not often reported. Results were imprecise and included the possibility of important benefit or little effect and, in some cases, potential harm from SLIT. More people taking SLIT had adverse events of any kind compared with control (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.67; high-certainty evidence; participants = 4251; studies = 27), but events were usually reported to be transient and mild. Lack of data prevented most of the planned subgroup and sensitivity analyses. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite continued study in the field, the evidence for important outcomes such as exacerbations and quality of life remains too limited to draw clinically useful conclusions about the efficacy of SLIT for people with asthma. Trials mostly recruited mixed populations with mild and intermittent asthma and/or rhinitis and focused on non-validated symptom and medication scores. The review findings suggest that SLIT may be a safe option for people with well-controlled mild-to-moderate asthma and rhinitis who are likely to be at low risk of serious harm, but the role of SLIT for people with uncontrolled asthma requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fortescue
- Cochrane Airways, Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kayleigh M Kew
- Cochrane Editorial and Methods Department, Cochrane, London, UK
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Akkoc T. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1247:101-108. [PMID: 31802444 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the worldwide respiratory health problem that affect children and adult. Current treatment strategies such as conventional and allergen immunotherapy still fall behind. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have wide regenerative capacity and immunoregulatory activity with their wide range of secretions and contact dependent manner. In this review, we focus on the current treatment strategies for asthma and MSCs as a new therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunc Akkoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Chen Z, Liu L, Gao C, Chen W, Vong CT, Yao P, Yang Y, Li X, Tang X, Wang S, Wang Y. Astragali Radix (Huangqi): A promising edible immunomodulatory herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112895. [PMID: 32330511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese), the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., possesses diverse therapeutic effects against fatigue, dyspepsia, diarrhea, heart diseases, hepatitis, and anemia. In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated the multiple immunomodulatory activities of AR in preclinical and clinical studies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review attempts to elaborate the immunomodulatory effects of AR and its potential application in the treatment of immune related diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search AR was carried out using multiple internationally recognized databases (including Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and CNKI). RESULTS The immunomodulatory effects of AR are closely attributed to its active constituents such as polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids. We also demonstrate that AR can be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for immune related diseases through regulating immune organs, mucosal immune, and immune system (innate immunity and acquired immunity). CONCLUSION AR promotes the development of immune organs, enhances mucosal immune function, increases the quantity and phagocytic capacity of innate immunity, promotes the maturation and differentiation of acquired immunity cells, and improves the expression of antibodies in acquired immunity. We believe that AR has a broad research space in the adjuvant treatment of immune related diseases, which could be a breakthrough point to improve the application value of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; PU-UM Innovative Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd, Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Arasi S, Pajno GB, Panasiti I, Sandoval M, Alvaro-Lozano M. Allergen Immunotherapy in children with respiratory allergic diseases. Minerva Pediatr 2020; 72:343-357. [PMID: 32731732 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.20.05959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-established treatment for allergic respiratory diseases. It represents a cornerstone in the clinical management of allergic children since it is the only curative option to date able to modify the natural history of Ig-E mediated allergic diseases. Through a well-defined immunologic mechanism, AIT promotes regulatory T cells and cuts down the immune response induced by allergens. According to current guidelines based on up-to-date evidence, AIT should be offered to children with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis and/or controlled asthma starting from 5 years of age, further to an adequate risk-benefit assessment which includes patient's adherence to the treatment and a proper selection of the right product. Younger age and mild disease could be considered based on an individual evaluation. Both subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) routes of administration have a good efficacy and safety profile with safer outcomes for SLIT compared to SCIT. Only standardized products with documented evidence of clinical efficacy should be used. Although AIT is used worldwide, there are still gaps and limitations, including the lack of reliable biomarkers predictive of the clinical outcome. Novel adjuvants are currently under investigations to boost the strength and efficiency of the immune response, as well as new formulations with better efficacy and better patient's adherence to the treatment. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of current key evidence with major regard to clinical practice as well as knowledge gaps and future research needs in the context of AIT in children with respiratory allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Arasi
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Multifactorial and Systemic Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy -
| | - Giovanni B Pajno
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ilenia Panasiti
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mónica Sandoval
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alvaro-Lozano
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Allergen Immunotherapy in Pediatric Asthma: A Pragmatic Point of View. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7060058. [PMID: 32521598 PMCID: PMC7346201 DOI: 10.3390/children7060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To date, the only disease-modifying treatment strategy for allergic rhinitis and asthma is allergen immunotherapy (AIT). There is evidence that AIT improves allergic rhinitis and asthma, such as reducing symptom severity and medication use and improving of quality of life, with a long-lasting effect after the end of the course. The recent clinical trials evidenced AIT effectiveness and safety in allergic asthma. Consequently, the current version of the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines recommend AIT as an add-on therapy for asthma. There is also evidence that AIT may exert preventive activity on the possible progression from allergic rhinitis to asthma in children and the onset of new sensitizations. The present review provides a pragmatic summary of the clinical indications of AIT in pediatric asthma, including the immunological mechanisms, the predictive biomarkers, and the safety issues in clinical practice.
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Akkoç T, Genç D. Asthma immunotherapy and treatment approaches with mesenchymal stem cells. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:665-674. [PMID: 32489107 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways where exaggerated T helper 2 immune responses and inflammatory mediators play a role. Current asthma treatment options can effectively suppress symptoms and control the inflammatory process; however, cannot modulate the dysregulated immune response. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is one of the effective treatments capable of disease modification. Injecting allergens under the skin in allergen-specific immunotherapy can reduce asthma and improve the sensitivity of the lungs, however, has a risk of severe reactions. Mesenchymal stem cells have immunoregulatory activity with their soluble mediators and contact dependent manner. In this review, we focus on the current treatment strategies with mesenchymal stem cells in asthma as a new therapeutic tool and compare those with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunç Akkoç
- Department of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Genç
- Department of Pediatric Health & Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Passalacqua G, Bagnasco D, Canonica GW. 30 years of sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy 2020; 75:1107-1120. [PMID: 31715001 DOI: 10.1111/all.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) was introduced in clinical practice on an empirical basis more than 100 years ago. Since the first attempts, AIT was administered subcutaneously. Indeed, other routes of administration were proposed and studied, in particular to improve the safety, but only the sublingual route (SLIT) achieved a credibility based on evidence and was then accepted as a viable "alternative" option to the subcutaneous route. SLIT was largely used in clinical trials and clinical practice in this last 30 years. Thus, a large amount of data is available, coming from either controlled trials and postmarketing surveillance studies. It is clear that SLIT is overall effective, but it is also clear that the efficacy is not "class-related," as derived from meta-analyses, but restricted to each specific product. The 30-year lasting use of SLIT allowed to clarify many clinical aspects, such as efficacy, safety, use in asthma, regimens of administration, and optimal doses. In parallel, the mechanisms of action of AIT were elucidated, and new indications were proposed (eg food allergy, atopic dermatitis). In addition, the introduction of molecular-based diagnosis, allowed to better refine the prescription of SLIT, based on specific sensitization profiles. The present article will describe the origin and evolution of SLIT for respiratory allergy, taking into account the clinical context that suggested this form of treatment, the recently developed aspects, the future perspectives and unmet needs, This is not, therefore, a systematic review, rather a narrative historical description of the past history, and a look forward to the future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases IRCCS Policlinico San Martino ‐University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases IRCCS Policlinico San Martino ‐University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases IRCCS Policlinico San Martino ‐University of Genoa Genoa Italy
- Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy ‐ Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS Rozzano (MI) Italy
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Huang R, Qin R, Hu Q, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Luo T, Li J. Effect of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Immunotherapy on Upper and Lower Airway Eosinophilic Inflammatory Response to Nasal Allergen Challenge. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:844-858. [PMID: 32638564 PMCID: PMC7347002 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.5.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It remains unknown whether allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) could attenuate airway inflammatory response triggered by allergen exposure. Methods We performed Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der-p) nasal provocation tests (NPTs) in allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or asthma patients without AIT (non-AIT), or at 16, 52, 104, or 156 weeks after Der-p AIT. Rhinitis and asthma visual analog scale (VAS; VAS of nasal symptoms [VAS-NS], VAS of asthma symptoms), the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ), nasal lavage, sputum induction, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), nasal airway resistance, pulmonary function, and airway hyperresponsiveness were performed before and after NPT. Results Non-AIT subjects demonstrated significantly higher VAS-NS before and after NPT compared to AIT subjects (P < 0.05). NPT response was positive in 14 (100%) non-AIT, 7 (70%) 16 weeks-AIT, 6 (60%) 52 weeks-AIT, 6 (60%) 104 weeks-AIT, and 2 (20%) 156 weeks-AIT subjects. The NPT grade significantly correlated with AIT duration and baseline RQLQ score (r = −0.561, P < 0.001 and r = 0.525, P < 0.001, respectively). Sputum and nasal lavage eosinophil count, and FeNO in non-AIT subjects were significantly increased 6 hours after NPT (P < 0.05). AIT subjects did not change their sputum or nasal lavage eosinophil count before and after NPT. Subjects with 156 weeks-AIT demonstrated significantly lower levels of sputum and nasal lavage eosinophil count before and after NPT when compared with non-AIT patients (P < 0.05). Sputum eosinophil counts positively correlated with nasal lavage eosinophil counts at baseline and 6 hours after NPT (r = 0.719, P = 0.006 and r = 0.823, P < 0.001, respectively) in non-AIT patients. Conclusion Our results show that AIT can attenuate both upper and lower airway immune response to nasal allergen exposure in patients with AR and/or asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbin Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rundong Qin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiurong Hu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuKai Liu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Luo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Rhyou HI, Nam YH. Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Asthma in Real World Practice. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:99-109. [PMID: 31743967 PMCID: PMC6875479 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces immunological tolerance, and there is increasing evidence of the clinical efficacy of AIT in the treatment of allergic asthma. However, the optimal parameters for asthma control in clinical trials are still unclear. We investigated the efficacy of AIT with respect to changes in the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose in patients with allergic asthma. Methods A total of 117 adults with allergic asthma who had used ICS for more than 1 year in a single tertiary hospital in Korea were included in this retrospective study. We compared the clinical parameters and outcomes between the AIT group (ICS with AIT, n = 48) and the non-AIT group (ICS without AIT, n = 69) by applying an inverse probability of treatment weighting method. The patients in the AIT group had received subcutaneous AIT monthly as a maintenance treatment for more than 1 year. The changes in the ICS dose from baseline were evaluated in the 2 groups for 3 years. Results The proportion of responders who discontinued or decreased in the ICS dose with achieving control status of asthma was significantly higher in the AIT group than in the non-AIT group throughout the study period (at 6 months, 52.1% vs. 24.6%; at 1 year, 70.8% vs. 34.7%; at 2 years, 89.5% vs. 35.6%; at 3 years, 96.3% vs. 51.2%). Treatment responses did not differ significantly by type of allergen (single- or multi-allergens or 3 different products) used throughout the study period. Conclusions Irrespective of the type of allergen, long-term maintenance AIT helps to spare ICS dose and achieve better control in patients with allergic asthma in real-world clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Rhyou
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.
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Resolution of allergic asthma. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:665-674. [PMID: 31705318 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing and bronchoconstriction. Chronic inflammation may finally lead to structural damage followed by airway remodeling. Various studies in recent years contributed to unravel important aspects of the immunopathogenesis of asthma and adapted new pharmaceutical developments. Here, I consider some novel insights into the immunopathogenesis of asthma and the protective and pathogenic roles of some innate and adaptive immune cells as well as the function of soluble mediators such as cytokines. Particular attention will be given to new concepts on resolution of chronic airway inflammation for prevention of airway structural damage.
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Porcaro F, Cutrera R, Pajno GB. Options of immunotherapeutic treatments for children with asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:937-949. [PMID: 31414917 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1656533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children. Avoiding triggers, and pharmacologic treatment with short acting beta-agonist, inhaler corticosteroids and anti-leukotriene are often enough to obtain symptoms control. Nevertheless, there is a subset of children with severe asthma and poor symptom control despite maximal therapy. In these patients, anti-IgE and anti-IL5 monoclonal antibodies are suggested as the fifth step of Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Area covered: Immunotherapeutic treatments are now suggested for asthma management. This article will discuss the available evidence on allergen immunotherapy and biologic drugs in pediatric asthma treatment. Expert opinion: Previously published studies demonstrated a good efficacy and safety profile of Allergen Immunotherapy in patients with mild-moderate asthma and sensitization to one main allergen. New understanding of mechanisms underlying severe asthma inflammation has allowed the identifications of specific biomarkers guiding the clinician in the choice of patient specific drug. Among the suggested immunotherapeutic options, omalizumab (blocking IgE) remains the first choice for atopic 'early onset' asthma in patients aged over 6 years. Instead, mepolizumab (blocking the IL5 ligand) should be considered for 'eosinophilic' asthma. Other biologic drugs are under consideration but data on the pediatric population are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Porcaro
- Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long-Term Ventilation Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Renato Cutrera
- Pediatric Pulmonology & Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Sleep and Long-Term Ventilation Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
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Giallongo A, Parisi GF, Licari A, Pulvirenti G, Cuppari C, Salpietro C, Marseglia GL, Leonardi S. Novel therapeutic targets for allergic airway disease in children. Drugs Context 2019; 8:212590. [PMID: 31391855 PMCID: PMC6668505 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of precision medicine is setting up targeted therapies for selected patients that would ideally have high effectiveness and few side effects. This is made possible by targeted therapy drugs that selectively act on a specific pathway. Precision medicine is spreading to many medical specialties, and there is increasing interest in the context of allergic airway diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma. This review is an update of new targets in the treatment of childhood allergic upper airway diseases and asthma, including the most recent biologic drugs that have already been licensed or are in the pipeline to be tested with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giallongo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Pulvirenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Cuppari
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi,' Unit of Pediatric Emergency, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Salpietro
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi,' Unit of Pediatric Emergency, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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What you should not miss from the systematic reviews and meta-analyses on allergen-specific immunotherapy in 2017. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 18:168-176. [PMID: 29629956 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well recognized and extensively studied therapeutic intervention for some allergic diseases. Every year new systematic reviews and meta-analysis provide the most powerful source of evidence to orient decision making on prevention or efficacy of AIT. We here discuss systematic reviews and meta-analyses on AIT (published January 2017 to February 2018). RECENT FINDINGS We identified 4 systematic reviews and 10 meta-analyses. Subcutaneous and sublingual AIT (SCIT/SLIT) significantly reduced the development of asthma in children-adolescents with moderate/severe allergic rhinitis, but evidence for a short-term, preventive effect for new allergic sensitizations was nonconclusive. SCIT/SLIT proved to significantly improve symptom and medication scores versus placebo or active comparators in respiratory allergy, with various effect sizes. Oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated food allergy resulted in substantial benefit in desensitization rates. Data on venom AIT and latex AIT, although limited in quantity and quality, respectively, suggest a large and discrete beneficial effect. SUMMARY Although current evidence extracted from meta-analyses and systematic reviews support AIT as an effective, relatively safe, and well tolerated alternative for some allergic diseases, heterogeneity and some methodological inconsistencies represent matters of concern as they may affect the validity and applicability of their results, especially in the context of individual, real-life settings.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cat allergy can manifest as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and/or asthma. With widespread cat ownership and exposure, cat allergy has emerged as a major cause of morbidity. Cat allergen immunotherapy is a potential disease modifying treatment for patients with cat allergy. We examine evidence on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and safety of cat allergen immunotherapy and consider the clinical contexts in which it should be prescribed. RECENT FINDINGS The European Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology systematic reviews on allergic rhinitis and asthma along with the accompanying guidelines on allergic rhinitis were used as primary sources of evidence. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are most common routes of administration for allergen immunotherapy (AIT). A limited number of high-quality studies related to cat dander have shown mixed results in improvements in ocular and nasal symptoms, asthma symptoms, peak expiratory flow rate and medication use scores with subcutaneous immunotherapy. Two studies examining cat dander and cat-related allergy response with sublingual immunotherapy have shown mixed results in terms of symptomatic response. One randomized trial examining intralymphatic immunotherapy has shown a positive symptom response and a favourable safety profile. Although studies have reported mixed results regarding safety of SCIT, adverse events have been reported more commonly with SCIT than SLIT. SUMMARY There is a limited body of high-quality evidence on the effectiveness and safety of cat AIT and no high-quality data on its cost-effectiveness. The available evidence on effectiveness is mixed based on studying a limited array of immunological, physiological and patient-reported outcome measures. Based on this evidence and extrapolating on the wider evidence base in AIT, it is likely that some patients may benefit from this modality of treatment, particularly those with moderate-to-severe disease who are inadequately controlled on allergen avoidance measures and pharmacotherapy and those who are monosensitized to Felix Domesticus 1. Further evidence is, however, required from larger trials before more definitive advice can be offered.
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Ahmed H, Ospina MB, Sideri K, Vliagoftis H. Retrospective analysis of aeroallergen's sensitization patterns in Edmonton, Canada. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:6. [PMID: 30809266 PMCID: PMC6375155 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitization to common environmental aeroallergens plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and severity of respiratory allergic disorders, specifically asthma and allergic rhinitis. Understanding sensitization patterns helps clinicians tailor care more effectively. This study examines patterns of sensitization to aeroallergens in subjects suspected of having an allergic disease in Edmonton and catchment area. Methods Retrospective chart review of skin prick test (SPT) results to 11 environmental aeroallergens performed between January 1st and June 30th 2014 at a University-based clinic, where patients are referred for SPT by allergists, respirologists, otolaryngologists, internists and general practitioners. Potential differences in aeroallergen sensitization patterns were evaluated. Results A total of 623 patients (36.9% males; 63.1% females), aged 4–84 years (mean age 38.6 years) had SPT done, of which 438 (70.3%) had a positive test for at least one aeroallergen (atopy). There were no significant sex differences in the frequency of atopy (males: 71.3% versus females: 69.7%; p = 0.373). The frequency of sensitivity to particular allergens among atopic subjects was: cat (53.1%), house dust mites (50.3%), grass (39.2%), birch (23.7%), alternaria (23.7%), dog (17.3%), poplar (12.1%), cedar (9.6%), aspergillus (9.6%), hormodendrum (8%), and penicillium (6.2%). Of 438 atopic patients, 110 (25.1%) were mono sensitized, 199 (45.4%) oligosensitized (2–3 allergens), and 129 (29.5%) polysensitized (≥ 4 allergens). There were no significant differences between males and females in the odds of being oligo-sensitized (OR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.58, 1.57). Polysensitization was significantly more frequent in males 37.2% than in females 24.8%; (OR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.58, 1.57). Conclusion Cat is the most frequent perennial allergen and timothy grass pollen the most frequent seasonal allergen in Edmonton and catchment area. There was no significant difference in the frequency of atopy between males and females. However, males were more likely to be polysensitized compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ahmed
- 1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON N2M 5E2 Canada
| | - Maria B Ospina
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medicine, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9 Canada
| | - Kyriaki Sideri
- 3Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- 3Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3 Canada
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Luna-Pech JA. House Dust Mite Tablets Now Officially Accepted as Treatment in GINA: What Is the Evidence and What’s Next? CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-018-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bousquet J, Akdis CA, Grattan C, Eigenmann PA, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Hellings PW, Agache I. Highlights and recent developments in airway diseases in EAACI journals (2017). Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:49. [PMID: 30498567 PMCID: PMC6258432 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) owns three journals: Allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Clinical and Translational Allergy. One of the major goals of EAACI is to support health promotion in which prevention of allergy and asthma plays a critical role and to disseminate the knowledge of allergy to all stakeholders including the EAACI junior members. There was substantial progress in 2017 in the identification of basic mechanisms of allergic and respiratory disease and the translation of these mechanisms into clinics. Better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms, efforts for the development of biomarkers for disease prediction, novel prevention and intervention studies, elucidation of mechanisms of multimorbidies, entrance of new drugs in the clinics as well as recently completed phase three clinical studies and publication of a large number of allergen immunotherapy studies and metaanalyses have been the highlights of the last year.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, France.,3UMR-S 1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.,CHRU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C A Akdis
- 5Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - C Grattan
- 6St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - P A Eigenmann
- 7Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- 8Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P W Hellings
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium.,9Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - I Agache
- 10Transylvania University Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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Tsang MSM, Cheng SW, Zhu J, Atli K, Chan BCL, Liu D, Chan HYT, Sun X, Chu IMT, Hon KL, Lam CWK, Shaw PC, Leung PC, Wong CK. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pentaherbs formula and Its Influence on Gut Microbiota in Allergic Asthma. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112776. [PMID: 30373169 PMCID: PMC6278535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a highly prevalent airway inflammatory disease, which involves the interaction between the immune system, environmental and genetic factors. Co-relation between allergic asthma and gut microbiota upon the change of diet have been widely reported, implicating that oral intake of alternative medicines possess a potential in the management of allergic asthma. Previous clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies have shown that the Pentaherbs formula (PHF) comprising five traditional Chinese herbal medicines Lonicerae Flos, Menthae Herba, Phellodendri Cortex, Moutan Cortex, and Atractylodis Rhizoma possesses an anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory potential through suppressing various immune effector cells. In the present study, to further investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of PHF in allergic asthma, intragastrical administration of PHF was found to reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, airway wall remodeling and goblet cells hyperplasia in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mice model. PHF also significantly suppressed pulmonary eosinophilia and asthma-related cytokines IL-4 and IL-33 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In addition, PHF modulated the splenic regulatory T cells population, up-regulated regulatory interleukin (IL)-10 in serum, altered the microbial community structure and the short chain fatty acids content in the gut of the asthmatic mice. This study sheds light on the anti-inflammatory activities of PHF on allergic asthma. It also provides novel in vivo evidence that herbal medicines can ameliorate symptoms of allergic diseases may potentially prevent the development of subsequent atopic disorder such as allergic asthma through the influence of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sau-Wan Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karam Atli
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dehua Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Helen Yau-Tsz Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ida Miu-Ting Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kam-Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Miller MH, Shehat MG, Alcedo KP, Spinel LP, Soulakova J, Tigno-Aranjuez JT. Frontline Science: RIP2 promotes house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:447-459. [PMID: 30052281 PMCID: PMC6113092 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0118-017rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) are one of the most significant environmental allergens in the establishment of the so-called "Atopic March." It is known that the immune response to HDM is Th2 dominant, but the innate mechanisms leading to HDM-induced type 2 responses are still not completely understood. A number of innate immune receptors have been implicated in the response to HDM including toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and protease activated receptors. NOD2 is a member of the NOD-like receptor family, which has been reported to be involved in the establishment of type 2 immunity and in blocking respiratory tolerance. NOD2 mediates its effects through its downstream effector kinase, receptor interacting protein (RIP2). It has not been shown if RIP2 is involved in the innate response to HDM and in the resulting generation of type 2 immunity. Furthermore, the role of RIP2 in modulating allergic airway inflammation has been controversial. In this study, we show that RIP2 is activated in airway epithelial cells in response to HDM and is important for the production of CCL2. Using a murine HDM asthma model, we demonstrate that lung pathology, local airway inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, HDM-specific IgG1 antibody production, and HDM-specific Th2 responses are all reduced in RIP2 knockout mice compared to WT animals. These data illustrate that RIP2 can be activated by a relevant allergic stimulus and that such activation can contribute to allergic airway inflammation. These findings also suggest that RIP2 inhibitors might have some efficacy in down-regulating the inflammatory response in type 2 dominated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn H Miller
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Michael G Shehat
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lina P Spinel
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Soulakova
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Justine T Tigno-Aranjuez
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Phenotype analyses of IL-10-producing Foxp3 - CD4 + T cells increased by subcutaneous immunotherapy in allergic airway inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:297-305. [PMID: 29909233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy are not fully elucidated. Here, we sought to develop a murine model to demonstrate the effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for allergic responses. As excessive antigen dosages may induce immune tolerance in sensitized mice, the effects of SCIT were assessed by varying the antigen dosage. The mechanisms of SCIT were analyzed by focusing on the induction of Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ T cells, as well as on the phenotype of the latter cells. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) + Al(OH)3-sensitized mice received subcutaneous dosages of OVA at 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/animal for SCIT, followed by intratracheal challenges with OVA at 5, 50 or 500 μg/animal. RESULTS The maximum effects of SCIT were observed with 1 mg/animal of OVA for airway inflammation induced by 5 μg/animal of OVA, in which airway eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine production were markedly suppressed. The increase in the OVA-specific IgE level was significantly suppressed by SCIT. The development of bronchial epithelial thickening and mucus accumulation were also suppressed by SCIT. Concomitantly, IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ T cells were increased in the lungs by SCIT, but Foxp3+ Treg cells were not. Most of the induced IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ T cells were negative for either IL-5 or LAG-3, but positive for CD49b. CONCLUSION We successfully developed an airway allergic model for SCIT. It was suggested that most of IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ regulatory T cells increased by SCIT in the lungs were CD49b+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, but neither Th2 cells nor Tr1 cells.
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Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy may be a suitable treatment for exacerbator allergic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:258-259. [PMID: 29803710 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Virtanen T. Immunotherapy for pet allergies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:807-814. [PMID: 29182437 PMCID: PMC5893203 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1409315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases compose a serious challenge for modern societies. Their individual, medical and economical burden is large. As humans spend most of their time indoors, exposure to indoor allergens is a significant contributor to the development of allergic sensitization and respiratory allergies, such as allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. One important source of indoor allergens are pets, in particular cats and dogs. Allergens from these and other mammals spread effectively and they are encountered widely in public places. If patient education, allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy do not suffice for controlling the symptoms of pet allergy, allergen immunotherapy can be a treatment option. Current information on allergen immunotherapy in pet allergy suggests that it can be effective in reducing allergic symptoms. However, the low number of high-quality randomized controlled trials of allergen immunotherapy in pet allergy warrants for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Virtanen
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang W, Lin C, Sampath V, Nadeau K. Impact of allergen immunotherapy in allergic asthma. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:579-593. [PMID: 29569506 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditional pharmacological approaches improve outcomes in disease management for allergic asthma, these fail to modify the underlying immune responses. Allergen immunotherapy remains the only etiological therapy for the treatment of respiratory allergies for which clinical efficacy has been demonstrated through several well-controlled studies. In this review, we examine evidence from the past 5 years regarding the impact of allergen immunotherapy on allergic asthma to inform practitioners and stimulate further discussion and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunrong Lin
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Tosca MA, Licari A, Olcese R, Marseglia G, Sacco O, Ciprandi G. Immunotherapy and Asthma in Children. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:231. [PMID: 30186823 PMCID: PMC6110847 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is still the only disease-modifying treatment strategy for IgE-mediated allergic diseases, with consolidated evidence both in adults and children. AIT is effective in determining clinical improvement of allergic rhinitis and asthma, such as reduced symptoms, medication use, and improvement of quality of life, with a long-lasting effect after cessation of treatment. Results from recent clinical studies have implemented the evidence of effectiveness and safety of allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic asthma, so that the current asthma guidelines now recommend sublingual immunotherapy as an add-on therapy for asthma in adults and adolescents with house dust mite allergy, allergic rhinitis, and exacerbations despite low-to-moderate dose ICS, with forced expiratory volume in 1 second more than 70% predicted. AIT may also reduce the risk of progression from allergic rhinitis to asthma in children and prevent the onset of new sensitizations, thus representing a potentially preventive method of treatment. The aim of this review is to present an updated overview of the clinical indications of AIT, with particular reference to pediatric asthma, of the mechanisms of clinical and immunological tolerance to allergens, and of the potential biomarkers predicting clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Tosca
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale San Matteo (IRCCS), Pediatrics Clinic, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Olcese
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale San Matteo (IRCCS), Pediatrics Clinic, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Oliviero Sacco
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Endoscopy, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
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