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Smith BD, Spencer BH, Nur-Singletary Z, Adane N, Moser N, Powell TW. Assessing the association between safety perceptions and communication about sex and drugs among Black adolescents exposed to adversity. J Trauma Stress 2024. [PMID: 38602222 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the association between safety perceptions and communication with a trusted adult about sex and drugs among Black adolescents exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the role of gender as a potential moderator in this association. Data were drawn from a small, randomized control pilot test of an adapted evidence-based intervention conducted from 2022 to 2023 in Baltimore, Maryland. The sample included 57 Black adolescents who had been exposed to ACEs (Mage = 15.14 years, SD = 0.81l; 47.4% female, 52.6% male). Information about safety perceptions, health communication, health behaviors, and demographic characteristics was measured using an electronic survey at baseline. Group differences by gender emerged among ACEs and substance use behaviors. Safety perceptions were significantly associated with communication with a trusted adult, B = 0.31, SE = 0.24, p = .039. As youth felt more unsafe, their communication with a trusted adult about sex and drugs increased; this association did not differ by gender. Health communication was also associated with ACEs. Black adolescents living with a parent with mental health challenges reported increased communication, B = 0.60, SE = 0.20, p = .005, whereas youth experiencing homelessness had reduced health communication, B = -0.63, SE = 0.24, p = .012. A lack of perceived safety significantly impacts health communication; however, having trusted adults outside of the home, school, and neighborhood can serve as a protective factor in reducing substance use and sexual risk-taking among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca D Smith
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bailey Holmes Spencer
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Nancy Adane
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Naya Moser
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Terrinieka W Powell
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Livanou M, Bull M, Manitsa I, Hunt J, Lane R, Heneghan A. Co-producing a complex psychosocial intervention during COVID-19 with young people transitioning from adolescent secure hospitals to adult services in England: Moving Forward intervention (MFi). Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024; 29:43-55. [PMID: 37455024 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people moving from adolescent secure hospitals to adult care present with multiple and complex needs which often remain unmet during transition periods. This paper delineates the process of developing and co-producing the moving forward intervention (MFi), which aims to address the psychosocial needs of transitioning youth who have limited access to well-researched and tailored service provisions. METHOD An extensive search of the relevant literature was conducted to generate themes and guide the co-production phase. Fourteen Advisory Group Meetings were held virtually during COVID-19 to design the MFi module content with 17 keyworkers, 2 parents and 13 young people aged 17-18 years across six adolescent secure hospitals in England. Thematic analysis was used to reflect on the field notes discussed in the Advisory Groups. RESULTS Co-produced themes from the literature and the Advisory Groups informed the development of the proposed intervention. Three overarching themes pertinent to expectations in adult services, improving communication gaps between services and facilitating the letting go period emerged from the co-production phase. It was suggested the MFi is co-delivered by a peer with lived experience to build trust and create hopefulness among young people. The importance of promoting graded transitions through standardised procedures was highlighted. CONCLUSIONS The current findings promote evidence-based initiatives and build robust practice frameworks that inform treatment and policy guidelines. The young people, parents and keyworkers found the MFi supportive and valued the co-production experience. As such, co-production has been a vital tool in promoting patient engagement and empowerment, and reducing service inequalities, especially in adolescent secure hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Livanou
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health & Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Kingston University Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Marcus Bull
- Kingston University Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Ifigeneia Manitsa
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jodie Hunt
- Kingston University Department of Psychology, School of Law, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Rebecca Lane
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anya Heneghan
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health & Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Ulvøy DE, Åvik Persson H, Kristensson Hallström I, Sollesnes R. Parents' experiences of their child's participation in divorce groups in Norway: A phenomenological study. Scand J Caring Sci 2023; 37:991-1000. [PMID: 37050849 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth who experience divorce are found to have increased risk of emotional and behavioural adjustment problems. Different prevention programmes have been developed to help and support children. Previous studies have focused on the child or the group leader's experience with divorce groups, but studies describing parent's experience are missing. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of their child's participation in divorce groups. METHODS An inductive, qualitative and descriptive design was applied with philosophical orientation in naturalistic inquiry based on the outlines of a phenomenological perspective. Two fathers and three mothers from two different counties in Norway participated whereof four of them were interviewed twice. Systematic text condensation was used for the analysis. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the analysis: encouraging the child, missing communication and challenging situations. Parents described how they encouraged the child to attend divorce groups and hoped they would gain a deeper understanding of their parents' divorce and their own feelings. Missing communication relates to lack of information about the groups from the school, the group leader and from the child. Missing information was found to be a challenge for the parents and made them think that the divorce group was beneficial for the child but maybe not always for the family. Parents described challenging situations due to the divorce, and they struggled to understand their child and their own behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The opportunity for the child to talk to other children in the same situation in divorce groups was positive for the parents. To be beneficial for both children and their parents, structured information and cooperation among the school, the child and both parents are important. The knowledge from this study can support the development and use of intervention programmes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagny-Elise Ulvøy
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helene Åvik Persson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ragnhild Sollesnes
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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Nickodem KK, Basile KC, Espelage DL, Leemis RW, Ingram KM, Barbero C. Sports Participation, Social Networks, and Sexual Violence Perpetration. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP1690-NP1717. [PMID: 35469485 PMCID: PMC9596613 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221092067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual violence (SV), which includes non-contact verbal sexual harassment (SH) and forced sexual contact (FSC), is a significant public health problem with long-term impacts on health and well-being. Understanding how sports participation is linked to SV can inform prevention efforts; however, the current literature is unclear about the nature of this association. Using data from 20 high schools, we investigate whether athletes in certain sports are at higher risk of SH and FSC perpetration than either other athletes or sports non-participants, and whether the risk is moderated by gender, dismissiveness of SV, or substance use intentions. We also utilize social network data to explore the role of relationships with peers and trusted adults to attenuate SH and FSC perpetration. Second, we incorporate characteristics of friends to further examine the role and composition of peer groups in the association between sports participation and perpetration of SH and FSC. Findings revealed a bivariate association between sport contact level and SH perpetration, but not FSC, and the association disappeared after adjusting for other covariates. Most prominently, dismissiveness of SV, intentions to use substances, and prior perpetration had the strongest association with perpetration regardless of sport contact level. Results also provided some support for the influence of peers and trusted adults in the sports context. Notably, the percentage of friends who perpetrated FSC and the percentage of friends who play a low-contact sport were positively associated with FSC perpetration, and the percentage of friends who play a high-contact sport was positively associated with SH perpetration. The paper concludes with a discussion of the sports context as an important venue for comprehensive prevention efforts, including a focus on changing norms around adolescent SV and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen C. Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention,
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ruth W. Leemis
- Division of Violence Prevention,
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Colleen Barbero
- Division of Violence Prevention,
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,
Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA, USA
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Vederhus JK, Haugland SH, Timko C. A mediational analysis of adverse experiences in childhood and quality of life in adulthood. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2022; 31:e1904. [PMID: 34989047 PMCID: PMC8886288 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined associations of three prevalent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) - parents' problematic alcohol use (PPAU), parental separation/divorce, and lack of support from a trusted adult-with adult quality of life (QoL), and potential mediators of associations. METHODS Data were from a representative survey (N = 28,047) in Norway that assessed ACEs, QoL, and potential mediators: enduring perceptions of childhood hardships (Difficult Childhood Questionnaire; DCQ), current mental distress, and current social isolation. Latent regression analyses examined potential mediators. RESULTS Each ACE was positively associated with perceptions of childhood as difficult (higher DCQ scores). In turn, ACEs were negatively associated with adult QoL through indirect effects. Lack of support from a trusted adult had the strongest negative association with adult QoL, compared to PPAU and parental separation/divorce. The association between the ACEs and QoL was explained through the mediators of mental distress and social isolation. CONCLUSIONS Of the examined ACEs, lack of support from a trusted adult had the strongest negative impact on adult QoL. Adult support to vulnerable children could potentially ameliorate adult consequences of ACEs. In addition, adults reporting difficulties due to childhood adversities may benefit from therapeutic interventions that address both psychological distress and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Kåre Vederhus
- Addiction Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | | | - Christine Timko
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Center for Innovation to Implementation, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Long E, Zucca C, Sweeting H. School Climate, Peer Relationships, and Adolescent Mental Health: A Social Ecological Perspective. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2021; 53:1400-1415. [PMID: 34848899 PMCID: PMC7612050 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x20970232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated peer relationship and school climate factors associated with adolescent mental health. Cross-sectional data from 2,571 fifteen-year old students in 22 Scottish secondary schools was used. Multilevel models tested for school differences in mental health, and nested linear regression models estimated peer and school effects. Results demonstrated no significant between-school variation in mental health. Peer victimization was the only peer effect associated with mental health. School-belonging, student-teacher relationships, and a perceived inclusive school climate were associated with better mental health, whereas a perceived school climate of exam pressure was associated with worse mental health. The findings highlight multiple aspects of school climate that could be targeted in school-based interventions for adolescent mental health.
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Campos-Castillo C, Thomas BJ, Reyes F, Laestadius LI. Seeking Help From Trusted Adults in Response to Peers' Social Media Posts About Mental Health Struggles: Qualitative Interview Study Among Latinx Adolescents. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e26176. [PMID: 34524088 PMCID: PMC8482171 DOI: 10.2196/26176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rather than confiding in adults about their mental health struggles, adolescents may use social media to disclose them to peers. Disclosure recipients are tasked with deciding whether to alert an adult and, if so, whom to alert. Few studies have examined how adolescents decide on a trusted adult to help a friend who posts on social media about his/her mental health struggles. Moreover, Latinx adolescents are underrepresented in research on social media use, which creates gaps in understanding how social media may influence their well-being. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study presents findings from semistructured interviews with Latinx adolescents to investigate how they seek out trusted adults when a friend posts on social media about their mental health struggles. Specifically, we sought to determine which adult ties they activated, the resources they believed the adult could provide, and the support they expected the adult to provide. METHODS We recruited participants through a nonprofit organization serving the Latinx community (primarily of Mexican origin) located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We conducted 43 semistructured interviews, each lasting 60-90 minutes, with Latinx adolescents (25 females, 18 males) aged 13-17 years. All interviews were conducted in English, at the adolescents' request. Using a grounded theory approach, we identified the nature of the relationship between the trusted adult and either the disclosure recipient or distressed friend, and the resources and support the trusted adult is expected to provide. RESULTS Participants nominated adults who were emotionally or physically proximate to either the disclosure recipient or distressed friend, particularly parents (of the recipient and friend) and school staff. However, some felt that not all parents and school staff were emotionally proximate. Adolescents sought trusted adults with access to two resources: experiential knowledge and authority. Some, particularly males, avoided adults with authority because of the risk of punishment and others thought their immigrant parents did not have relevant experiential knowledge to assist them. Interviewees felt that trusted adults with either resource could provide emotional and instrumental support either directly or indirectly, while those with experiential knowledge could provide informational support. Notably, interviews did not problematize the fact that the disclosure occurred on social media when deliberating about adults. CONCLUSIONS To assist a distressed friend posting on social media, Latinx adolescents look not only for trusted adults who are emotionally and physically proximate but also those who have key resources that facilitate support. Efforts should focus on connecting adolescents with trusted adults and training adults who hold positions of authority or experiential knowledge to offer both direct and indirect support. Additionally, efforts should consider how immigrant experiences shape parent-child relations and address the potential long-term consequences of oversurveillance of Latinx youth, particularly males, by school staff for their access to social support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Jason Thomas
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Felipe Reyes
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Linnea Irina Laestadius
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Espelage DL, Rulison KL, Ingram KM, Valido A, Schmeelk-Cone K, Wyman PA. Social Networks of Adolescent Sexual Violence Perpetrators: Peer Friendship and Trusted Adult Characteristics. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 23:154-166. [PMID: 34480329 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study tested differences in social network characteristics of high school students who report perpetrating sexual violence (SV) versus those who do not. N = 4554 students (49% male, 49% female, 2% another gender identity; 45% Hispanic, 43% white, 12% another racial identity) from 20 high schools reported how often they had perpetrated 13 sexually violent behaviors. Using their responses, students were classified as follows: non-perpetrators, sexual harassment perpetrators, low contact perpetrators, or high contact perpetrators. Students named up to 7 close friends and up to 7 trusted adults at their school and answered questions about other behaviors and attitudes. This information was used to assess (1) students' connections with peers, (2) students' connections with trusted adults, and (3) friends' characteristics. Multilevel models indicated that compared to their peers, high contact perpetrators were less involved in the peer networks, less connected to trusted adults, and more likely to have friends who were involved in risky behaviors (e.g., sexual violence, homophobic name-calling, substance use). Low contact perpetrators were as connected to peers and trusted adults as non-perpetrators but were more likely to have friends engaged in sexual violence and homophobic naming-calling perpetration. By contrast, sexual harassment perpetrators were more involved and held higher status in the peer network (e.g., received more friendship nominations) but otherwise had similar friendship characteristics and similar connections to trusted adults as non-perpetrators. Building on these results, social network-informed SV prevention should use opinion leaders to change SV norms throughout the network and encourage new relationships between low- and high-risk students so as to disseminate norms that do not tolerate SV. Promoting connections to trusted adults also may be a useful avenue, especially for isolated adolescents.Trial Registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01672541. Syntax code is available from the authors upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L Espelage
- School of Education, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | | | | | - Alberto Valido
- University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Peter A Wyman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
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Ashton K, Davies AR, Hughes K, Ford K, Cotter-Roberts A, Bellis MA. Adult support during childhood: a retrospective study of trusted adult relationships, sources of personal adult support and their association with childhood resilience resources. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:101. [PMID: 34176519 PMCID: PMC8237477 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect health and well-being across the life course. Resilience is an individual characteristic that is known to help negate the effect of adversities and potentially transform toxic stress into tolerable stress. Having access to a trusted adult during childhood is critical to helping children build resiliency. Here, we aim to understand the relationship between always having access to trusted adult support and childhood resilience resources, and examine which sources of personal adult support and the number of sources of adult support, best foster childhood resilience. METHODS A Welsh national cross-sectional retrospective survey (n = 2497), using a stratified random probability sample. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews at participants' places of residence by trained interviewers. Analyses use chi-square and binary logistic regression methods. Outcome measures were childhood resilience resources, access to an always-available trusted adult, and sources of personal adult support. RESULTS Prevalence of access to an always-available trusted adult decreased with increasing number of ACEs from 86.6% of individuals with no ACEs, to 44.4% of those with four or more ACEs (≥ 4). In addition, for those experiencing ≥ 4 ACEs, individuals with no access to a trusted adult were substantially less likely than those with access, to report childhood resilience resources. For example, for individuals with ≥ 4 ACEs, those with access to an always-available trusted adult were 5.6 times more likely to have had supportive friends and 5.7 times more likely to have been given opportunities to develop skills to succeed in life, compared to those with no access to a trusted adult. When looking at sources of personal adult support, resilience levels increased dramatically for those individuals who had either one parent only or two parents as sources of support, in comparison to those without parental support. CONCLUSIONS Analyses here suggest strong relationships between elements of childhood resilience, constant access to trusted adults and different sources of personal adult support. While the eradication of ACEs remains unlikely, actions to strengthen childhood access to trusted adults may partially ease immediate harms and protect future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Ashton
- Policy and International Development Directorate, a World Health Organization Collaboration Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ UK
| | - Alisha R. Davies
- Knowledge Directorate, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ UK
| | - Karen Hughes
- Policy and International Development Directorate, a World Health Organization Collaboration Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
| | - Kat Ford
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
| | - Andrew Cotter-Roberts
- Policy and International Development Directorate, a World Health Organization Collaboration Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Cardiff, CF10 4BZ UK
| | - Mark A. Bellis
- Policy and International Development Directorate, a World Health Organization Collaboration Centre on Investment for Health and Well-Being, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, LL13 7YP UK
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Edwards KM, Banyard VL, Waterman EA, Hopfauf SL, Shin HS, Simon B, Valente TW. Use of Social Network Analysis to Identify Popular Opinion Leaders for a Youth-Led Sexual Violence Prevention Initiative. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:664-685. [PMID: 33834925 DOI: 10.1177/1077801221994907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current article, we describe an innovative sexual violence (SV) prevention initiative that used social network analysis to identify youth and adult popular opinion leaders who were subsequently trained in best practices in SV prevention (e.g., bystander intervention) at a kickoff event (i.e., camp) of the initiative. We provide information on recruitment strategies, participation rates and how those rates varied by some demographic factors, reasons for nonattendance, the initial impact of the camp, and lessons learned. Despite challenges with youth and adult engagement, this innovative approach has the potential to transform the way we approach SV prevention among youth.
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Pringle J, McAteer J, Whitehead R, Scott E, Milne D, Jepson R. Developing a taxonomy to characterise trusted adult support in the lives of adolescents. J Adolesc 2019; 76:30-36. [PMID: 31442812 PMCID: PMC6838780 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A systematic review of trusted adult interventions for adolescents revealed that there was no common terminology, agreed explicit definition, or detail, regarding the personal qualities, functions and roles fulfilled by trusted adults that was used consistently across the papers. To provide clarity, we therefore aimed to produce a taxonomy of trusted adult input, using evidence drawn from our review. Methods Data from the review findings were used to compile the taxonomy, moving from the general to the more specific, in a four stage process. This involved: (1) compilation of elements described in individual papers, (2) grouping of elements derived from stage 1 into categories, (3) examination of context and nature of the relationship, (4) development of a categorisation of trusted adult input. Findings The resulting taxonomy encapsulates core essential qualities provided by people acting in trusted adult or mentoring roles, and gives details relating to what a young person might expect from individuals they put their trust in. The taxonomy consists of six categories relating to: delivery context, roles of trusted adults, nature of support, personal qualities, actions/functions, and impact. Conclusions The taxonomy describes key elements that define the trusted adult role, and has the potential to inform the development of policies and guidelines relating to support provision. It may be used as a framework for the reporting of trusted adult interventions within research, and act as a helpful guide if a young person is in doubt about the behaviour or qualities displayed by an adult in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pringle
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, 9 Hope Park Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9NW, UK.
| | - John McAteer
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Jepson
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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