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Costa JC, Darling AM, Shinde S, Tadesse AW, Sherfi H, Mwanyika-Sando M, Tinkasimile A, Sharma D, Baernighausen T, Fawzi WW. Estimated timing of the first menstrual period and dietary and nutritional correlates of menarche among urban school-going adolescents in four sub-Saharan African sites. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13583. [PMID: 39094055 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the timing of menarche and the factors that are associated with it is important for understanding a population's reproductive health needs and long-term health trajectories. We estimated the age at the menstrual onset among adolescent girls and the association between dietary and nutritional factors and menarche in four sub-Saharan African urban sites. We used cross-sectional school-based data from 2307 female adolescents aged 10-14 years collected by the Africa Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Khartoum, Sudan; and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Logit models were used to estimate the median age at menarche at each site. Associations between menarche and BMI-for-age, stunting, dietary quality and food insecurity across settings were assessed using Poisson regression models adjusted for country and school levels. The estimated median age at menarche was 13.1 years (95% confidence interval: 12.7, 13.5) in Ouagadougou; 12.9 (12.6, 13.2) in Addis Ababa; 13.3 (12.7, 13.6) in Khartoum; and 13.2 (12.3, 14.0) in Dar es Salaam. Between 18% and 49% of the girls in each setting had already menstruated. Based on the pooled multivariable models, underweight participants were 42% less likely (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 0.58 [0.44, 0.77]) to have experienced menarche in comparison to normal-weight individuals. The likelihood of experiencing menarche increased for overweight [PR 1.47 (1.30,1.66)] and obese [PR 1.57 (1.35,1.82)] in comparison to normal-weight girls. Those stunted were 47% less likely to have experienced menarche [PR 0.53 (0.41, 0.69)] than their nonstunted counterparts. A lower likelihood of menarche among those experiencing moderate/severe hunger when compared to those with no/little hunger was also observed (PR 0.78 [0.63,0.96]). No evidence of association with dietary quality was found. Further research is needed to strengthen the body of evidence and inform evidence-based initiatives in low- and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Calu Costa
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Marie Darling
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amare W Tadesse
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Huda Sherfi
- School of Health Sciences, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Till Baernighausen
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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A Noor R, Paulo HA, Shinde S, Tadesse AW, Tinkasimile A, Hussen Y, Ngeba J, Sherfi H, Drysdale R, Mwanyika-Sando M, Codjia P, Chitekwe S, Bärnighausen T, Sharma D, Fawzi WW. School health and nutrition environments: A multicountry survey in five countries of sub-Saharan Africa region-Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024:e13614. [PMID: 39090832 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Schools are increasingly regarded as a key setting for promoting the health, well-being, and development of children and adolescents. In this multicountry cross-sectional survey, we describe the health, nutrition, and food environments of public primary schools in five urban settings in Africa region: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Durban; South Africa, Khartoum, Sudan; and, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We evaluated the school health and nutrition (SHN) environments in three main areas: (1) the availability of health-related policies, guidelines, and school curricula, (2) the provision of health, nutrition, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in schools, and (3) the school food environments and eating habits of adolescents. We used stratified random sampling to recruit 79 schools from five countries. Trained fieldworkers collected standardized questionnaire data from 79 school administrators, 765 food vendors, and 4999 in-school adolescents aged 10-15 years. In our study, 24 out of 79 school administrators were aware of their school's health-related policies and guidelines while 30 schools had a specific SHN curriculum. In general, health, nutrition, and WASH services were inadequate. Possibly due to a lack of school kitchens, 14.4% of students bought snacks and unhealthy foods from food vendors. Our study indicates that schools' food and nutrition environments are insufficient to improve adolescent health and nutrition in the African region, including limited coverage of SHN policies, suboptimal facilities and nutrition services, and unregulated food environments. Schools in sub-Saharan Africa need to improve their health and nutrition environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heavenlight A Paulo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amare W Tadesse
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Joyce Ngeba
- United Nations Children's Funds, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Huda Sherfi
- Public Health Training and Research Unit, Ahfad University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan
| | | | | | - Patrick Codjia
- United Nations Children's Funds, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Till Bärnighausen
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Deepika Sharma
- United Nations Children's Funds, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mandefro M, Shore H, Hailu S, Ayele F, Tekola A, Shawel S, Kassa O, Tamire A, Masrie A, Gezahegn A, Gebru T, Roba KT, Gebremichael B. Overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38271. [PMID: 38787981 PMCID: PMC11124757 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns in developing nations like Ethiopia. They are closely linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, a deterioration in health-related quality of life, subpar academic performance, and a decline in social and emotional well-being. There is, however, little research in this field. Thus, this study aimed to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 secondary school adolescents in Harar city from February to March 2022. Multi-stage sampling was used to identify 781 study participants (586 in public and 195 in private schools). Anthropometric measures and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to obtain the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between independent variables and overweight and obesity. Statistical significance was declared at P < .05. The overall magnitude of overweight and obesity was 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.2-11.4%] with 16.2% in private schools. Being female [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.17-3.55], late adolescent age [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.90], bigger family size [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.97], high paternal education level [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08-3.81], eating meat [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.27-9.17] and not consuming breakfast daily [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24-3.67] were factors associated with overweight and obesity among all secondary school adolescents. A high maternal educational level, not eating breakfast and dinner daily in private secondary school adolescents and having a feminine gender, eating eggs, and not walking or riding a bicycle for at least 10 minutes continuously in public secondary school adolescents were factors associated with overweight and obesity. The extent of overweight and obesity was notably higher in the study area. Communities and educational institutions should work together to promote healthy lifestyle choices among adolescents, with a special emphasis on girls and students enrolled in private schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miheret Mandefro
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hirbo Shore
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Saba Hailu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Firayad Ayele
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abainash Tekola
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Samrawit Shawel
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Obsan Kassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Tamire
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Masrie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Gezahegn
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilaye Gebru
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe Gebremichael
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Mahdifar M, Tavakoly Sany SB, Tehrani H, Ghavami V, Vahedian Shahroodi M. Body image perception and physical activity behavior among adult population: Application of trans-theoretical model of behavior change. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297778. [PMID: 38408055 PMCID: PMC10896515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human body changes during life, but research on how sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity (PA) related to all aspects of body image are still unclear and there is conflict in the relevant results. This study aims to examine gender-specific body image perception and physical activity in relation to BMI and sociodemographic characteristics among health employees who worked in health and medical care centers. METHODS The study was a population-based cross-sectional survey of 170 health employees (55 men and 115 women) in Binaloud, Iran. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of a self-administered Multidimensional Body-Self Image Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and stages of change scales. The full version of Marcus-TTM based on the stages of physical activity changes was used based on 5 items related to regular physical activity behavior and intentions. RESULTS There were no significant differences between men and women in total body image score, body area satisfaction, and attitude. Disease orientation (p = 0.02) and health orientation (p = 0.05) were the only significant differences between men and women. The number of children, level of education, BMI, and PA had a stronger influence on body image concerns and body dissatisfaction. PA and 7 of the 10 subclasses of MBSRQ (appearance evaluation, fitness evaluation, fitness orientation, health evaluation, health orientation, and illness orientation) showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between participants in the five TTM stages. CONCLUSION The ideal body image and body satisfaction may differ by the number of children, level of education, gender, BMI, and PA. Evidence from this study supports that participants' stages of change affect their physical activity and body image perception. This result suggests a need for conducting work/home place intervention to promote adults' body image perception and body area satisfaction based on the usage-specific stage under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Mahdifar
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany
- Department of Health, Safety, and Environment, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghavami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vahedian Shahroodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Stewart S, Mocumbi AO. What does the future hold for youth in Africa with high blood pressure? THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:86-87. [PMID: 38070532 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stewart
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique; Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
| | - Ana O Mocumbi
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique; Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
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Mekonen EG, Zegeye AF, Workneh BS, Techane MA, Tamir TT, Terefe B. Unhealthy food consumption and its determinants among children aged 6 to 23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of the demographic and health survey. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:40. [PMID: 38218821 PMCID: PMC10787455 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy food consumption that begins early in life is associated with a higher risk of nutrient inadequacy and related chronic diseases later in life. Healthy eating and consumption of important nutrients help to maintain a healthy body weight and reduce the risk of developing chronic conditions. Research from sub-Saharan Africa regarding consumption of unhealthy foods remains limited, with no studies quantifying the pooled prevalence among young children. Therefore, this study is intended to assess the pooled prevalence and determinants of unhealthy food consumption among children aged 6 to 23 months. METHODS Data from the most recent demographic and health surveys of five countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted between 2015 and 2022 were used. A total weighted sample of 16,226 children aged 6 to 23 months was included in the study. Data extracted from DHS data sets were cleaned, recorded, and analyzed using STATA/SE version 14.0 statistical software. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the dependent variable. Intra-class correlation coefficient, likelihood ratio test, median odds ratio, and deviance (-2LLR) values were used for model comparison and fitness. Finally, variables with a p-value < 0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were declared statistically significant. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of unhealthy food consumption among children aged 6 to 23 months was 13.41% (95% CI: 12.89-13.94%). Higher consumption of unhealthy foods was reported among mothers with low education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.30, 0.46)], unmarried women [AOR = 1.19; 95% CI (1.05, 1.34)], who had no media exposure [AOR = 0.64; 95% CI (0.56, 0.72)], delivered at home [AOR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.62, 0.87)], who hadn't had a PNC checkup [AOR = 0.66; 95% CI (0.60, 0.73)], wealthier households [AOR = 1.20; 95% CI (1.05, 1.37)], older children (aged ≥ 9 months) [AOR = 3.88; 95% CI (3.25, 4.63)], and low community level media exposure [AOR = 1.18; 95% CI (1.04, 1.34)]. CONCLUSION Nearly one out of seven children aged 6 to 23 months consumed unhealthy foods. Maternal educational level, marital status of the mother, exposure to media, wealth index, place of delivery, PNC checkup, and the current age of the child were factors significantly associated with unhealthy food consumption. Therefore, improving women's education, disseminating nutrition-related information through the media, providing more attention to poor and unmarried women, and strengthening health facility delivery and postnatal care services are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyew Getaneh Mekonen
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Alebachew Ferede Zegeye
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Shetie Workneh
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Asmare Techane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tarik Tamir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bewuketu Terefe
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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von Salmuth V, Buijs L, Chirangi B, Vreugdenhil AC, van Schayck OC. Health needs assessment for the double burden of malnutrition: a community-based study on nutrition facilitators and barriers in rural Tanzania. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2450-2459. [PMID: 37581236 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore nutrition-related health needs, the perceptions and beliefs regarding the double burden of malnutrition, as well as barriers and facilitators in accessing nutritious food among the local population in rural Tanzania. DESIGN A qualitative study design using semi-structured individual interviews and focus-group discussions (FGD) was used. Basic socio-demographic information was obtained from all participants. SETTING The study was conducted in four villages within the catchment area of the Shirati KMT Hospital in Rorya district, in north-western Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS Men and women in the reproductive age as well as Community Health Workers (CHW) were included. RESULTS In total, we performed fourteen interviews (N 41), consisting of four FGD, one dual and nine individual interviews. The three most significant topics that were identified are the large knowledge gap concerning overweight and obesity as a health problem, changing weather patterns and its implications on food supply and the socio-cultural drivers including gender roles and household dynamics. CONCLUSION Environmental and socio-cultural factors play a crucial role in the determinants for DBM, which underlines the importance of understanding the local context and the nutrition practices and beliefs of the communities. Future nutritional interventions should aim towards more inclusion of men in project implementation as well as support of women empowerment. CHW could play a key role in facilitating some of the suggested interventions, including nutritional counselling and increasing awareness on the drivers of the double burden of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria von Salmuth
- Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Buijs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bwire Chirangi
- Shirati KMT District Hospital, Rorya, Mara, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Anita Ce Vreugdenhil
- Department of Paediatrics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Cp van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Niba LL, Navti LK, Musa AJ. Relationship between measures of adiposity and hypertension amongst secondary school adolescents in an urban setting in Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:57. [PMID: 38223873 PMCID: PMC10787134 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.57.41547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction measures of obesity such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) have been shown to be associated with high blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of secondary school adolescents with elevated BP and high BP in relation to some measures of adiposity (BMI, WC, WHtR) and to examine the association between BP and adiposity indices amongst the children. Methods the study was an institutional-based cross-sectional study involving 534 adolescents (mean age 15.1 ± 2.3 years) attending 4 secondary schools (2 public and 2 private) in the Bamenda municipality of the North West Region of Cameroon. Anthropometric and BP measurements were carried out following standard procedures. Diagnosis of hypertension in the children was done by obtaining three elevated systolic or diastolic BP readings (BP ≥ 95th percentile for the child's age, sex and height). Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between BP and some measures of adiposity (BMI, WC, WHtR) amongst the children. Results the prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension amongst the study participants was 33.3% and 33.3% in the BMI-obese children, 25.9% and 25.2% in the WC overweight/obese children and 29.4% and 41.2% in the "high risk" (WHtR ≥ 0.5) children respectively. Body mass index-obese, WC overweight/obese and "high risk" (WHtR ≥ 0.5) children had a significantly (p <0.05) higher mean SBP and DBP compared to their healthy weight counterparts. Linear regression indicated a significant association (p <0.001) between WC (β=0.75; 95% CI = 0.57, 0.92), BMI (β=0.88; 95% CI = 0.49, 1.25) and WHtR (β= 67.08; 95% CI = 45.64, 88.51) with systolic BP for the unadjusted analysis. After adjusting for age, gender and school type, only WC (β= 0.66; 95% CI = (0.43, 0.89) showed a positive significant (p <0.001) relationship with systolic BP. Conclusion this study has demonstrated that WC is positively associated with high BP in children and adolescents. Thus, WC can be used in predicting children and adolescents with a high risk of developing high BP in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveline Lum Niba
- Department of Public Health, The University of Bamenda, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
- Nutrition and Health Research Group (NHRG), Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Lifoter Kenneth Navti
- Nutrition and Health Research Group (NHRG), Bamenda, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Bamenda, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
| | - Ahmadou Jingi Musa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Bamenda, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
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Chen A, Waite L, Mocumbi AO, Chan YK, Beilby J, Ojji DB, Stewart S. Elevated blood pressure among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1238-e1248. [PMID: 37474231 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More people from sub-Saharan Africa aged between 20 years and 60 years are affected by end-organ damage due to underlying hypertension than people in high-income countries. However, there is a paucity of data on the pattern of elevated blood pressure among adolescents aged 10-19 years in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to provide pooled estimates of high blood pressure prevalence and mean levels in adolescents aged 10-19 years across sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus, and Embase to identify studies published from Jan 1, 2010, to Dec 31, 2021. To be included, primary studies had to be observational studies of adolescents aged 10-19 years residing in sub-Saharan African countries reporting the pooled prevalence of elevated blood pressure or with enough data to compute these estimates. We excluded studies on non-systemic hypertension, in African people not living in sub-Saharan Africa, with participant selection based on the presence of hypertension, and with adult cohorts in which we could not disaggregate data for adolescents. We independently extracted relevant data from individual studies using a standard data extraction form. We used a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of elevated blood pressure and mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels overall and on a sex-specific basis. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022297948). FINDINGS We identified 2559 studies, and assessed 81 full-text studies for eligibility, of which 36 studies comprising 37 926 participants aged 10-19 years from ten (20%) of 49 sub-Saharan African countries were eligible. A pooled sample of 29 696 adolescents informed meta-analyses of elevated blood pressure and 27 155 adolescents informed meta-analyses of mean blood pressure. Sex data were available from 26 818 adolescents (14 369 [53·6%] were female and 12 449 [46·4%] were male) for the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and 23 777 adolescents (12 864 [54·1%] were female and 10 913 [45·9%] were male) for mean blood pressure. Study quality was high, with no low-quality studies. The reported prevalence of elevated blood pressure ranged from 4 (0·2%) of 1727 to 1755 (25·1%) of 6980 (pooled prevalence 9·9%, 95% CI 7·3-12·5; I?=99·2%, pheterogeneity<0·0001). Mean SBP was 111 mm Hg (95% CI 108-114) and mean DBP was 68 mm Hg (66-70). 13·4% (95% CI 12·9-13·9; pheterogeneity<0·0001) of male participants had elevated blood pressure compared with 11·9% (11·3-12·4; pheterogeneity<0·0001) of female participants (odds ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·81-1·34; pheterogeneity<0·0001). INTERPRETATION To our knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis is the first systematic synthesis of blood pressure data specifically derived from adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Although many low-income countries were not represented in our study, our findings suggest that approximately one in ten adolescents have elevated blood pressure across sub-Saharan Africa. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to improve preventive heart-health programmes in the region. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Waite
- Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana O Mocumbi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Yih-Kai Chan
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Beilby
- Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dike B Ojji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria; Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Stewart
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique; Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
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Masiakwala E, Nyati LH, Norris SA. The association of intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns and nutritional status with toddler body composition. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37415119 PMCID: PMC10324124 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth patterns may be indicative of underlying changes in body composition. However, few studies have assessed the association of growth and body composition in poorly resourced regions experiencing the double-burden of malnutrition exists. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the association of intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns with infant body composition at 2 years in a middle-income country. METHODS Participants were from the International Atomic Energy Agency Multicentre Body Composition Reference study. Fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), Fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and percentage fat mass (%FM) were measured in 113 infants (56 boys and 57 girls), from Soweto, South Africa, using deuterium dilution from 3 to 24 months. Birthweight categories were classified using the INTERGROWTH-21 standards as small (SGA), appropriate (AGA), and large-for gestational age (LGA). Stunting (> -2 SDS) was defined using the WHO child growth standards. Birthweight z-score, conditional relative weight and conditional length at 12 and 24 mo were regressed on body composition at 24 mo. RESULTS There were no sex differences in FM, FFM, FMI and FFMI between 3 and 24 mo. SGA and AGA both had significantly higher %FM than LGA at 12 mo. LGA had higher FM at 24 mo. Children with stunting had lower FM (Mean = 1.94, 95% CI; 1.63-2.31) and FFM (Mean = 5.91, 95% CI; 5.58-6.26) at 12 mo than non-stunting, while the reverse was true for FFMI (Mean = 13.3, 95% CI; 12.5-14.2) at 6 mo. Birthweight and conditionals explained over 70% of the variance in FM. CRW at both 12 and 24 mo was positively associated with FM and FMI. CRW at 12 mo was also positively associated with FMI, while CH at 24 mo was negatively associated with both FFMI and FMI in boys. CONCLUSION Both LGA and SGA were associated with higher body fat suggesting that both are disadvantaged nutritional states, likely to increase the risk of obesity. Growth patterns through infancy and toddler period (1-2 years) are indicative of body fat, while growth patterns beyond infancy are less indicative of fat-free mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Masiakwala
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Lukhanyo H Nyati
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- Interprofessional Education Unit, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Tatah L, Bain LE, Kongnyuy E, Assah F, Mbanya JC. Shared correlates of maternal and childhood overweight in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health survey data. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1265. [PMID: 37386386 PMCID: PMC10311895 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight parents are likelier to bear overweight babies, who are likelier to grow into overweight adults. Understanding the shared risks of being overweight between the mother-child dyad is essential for targeted life course interventions. In this study, we aimed to identify such risk factors in Cameroon. METHODS We conducted secondary data analysis using Cameroon's 2018 Demographic and Health Surveys. We used weighted multilevel binary logistic regressions to examine individual, household, and community correlates of maternal (15-49 years) and child (under five years) overweight. RESULTS We retained 4511 complete records for childhood and 4644 for maternal analysis. We found that 37% [95%CI:36-38%] of mothers and 12% [95%CI:11-13%] of children were overweight or obese. Many environmental and sociodemographic factors were positively associated with maternal overweight, namely urban residence, wealthier households, higher education, parity and being a Christian. Childhood overweight was positively associated with a child being older and a mother being overweight, a worker, or a Christian. Therefore, only religion affected both mothers overweight (aOR: 0.71[95%CI:0.56-0.91]) and childhood overweight (aOR 0.67[95%CI: 0.5-0.91]). Most of the potentially shared factors only indirectly affected childhood overweight through maternal overweight. CONCLUSION Besides religion, which affects both mothers and childhood overweight (with the Muslim faith being protective), much of childhood overweight is not directly explained by many of the observed determinants of maternal overweight. These determinants are likely to influence childhood overweight indirectly through maternal overweight. Extending this analysis to include unobserved correlates such as physical activity, dietary, and genetic characteristics would produce a more comprehensive picture of shared mother-child overweight correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambed Tatah
- Health of Populations in Transition Research Group (HoPiT), University of Yaoundé I, 8046, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luchuo Engelbert Bain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- International Development Research Centre, IDRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Felix Assah
- Health of Populations in Transition Research Group (HoPiT), University of Yaoundé I, 8046, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Health of Populations in Transition Research Group (HoPiT), University of Yaoundé I, 8046, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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12
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Zhang Y, Lou H, Huang Y, Wang R, Wen X, Wu C, Hao C, Li R, Gao G, Lou X, Wang X. Trends of overweight and obesity prevalence in school-aged children among Henan Province from 2000 to 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1046026. [PMID: 36544796 PMCID: PMC9760942 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Overweight and obesity are harmful to human health. However, the latest trends of Chinese childhood overweight and obesity prevalence are not available. The aim of this study was to examine the trends from 2000 to 2019 among students in China. Methods We analyzed data of 66,072 students in the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health from 2000 to 2019. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the standard formulated by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF standard), the World Health Organization (WHO standard), and the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC standard), respectively. The χ2-test was used to test the trends of overweight and obesity prevalence and logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the prevalence odds ratios of boys vs. girls and urban vs. rural areas. Results The prevalence of obesity/overweight and obesity combined was 6.03/23.58% (IOTF standard), 10.56/25.88% (WGOC standard) and 10.75/29.69% (WHO standard) in 2019. From 2000 to 2019, according to the WGOC standard, the prevalence increased from 2.51 to 10.56% for obesity and increased from 9.81 to 25.88% for overweight and obesity combined (P for trend < 0.001). Obesity/overweight and obesity were greater problems in boys than girls and urban than rural areas, but urban-rural differences decreased over time. Conclusion Overweight and obesity prevalence increased significantly in children and adolescents in China from 2000 to 2019. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural areas may contribute to a large percentage of children with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao Lou
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ye Huang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruijuan Wang
- Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Wen
- Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Cuiping Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ran Li
- Zhengzhou Station for Students' Health, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Genli Gao
- The Education Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Xian Wang
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13
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Ijarotimi OS. Nutritional quality, functional property and acceptability of maize (Zea mays) based complementary foods enriched with defatted groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) and ginger (Zinger officinale Roscoe) powder in Wistar rats. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTraditional complementary foods in Africa are cereal-based, low in nutrient-density; hence, causing severe-acute-malnutrition. This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate nutritional quality of complementary foods (CF) using locally available food materials. Yellow maize (raw, germinated & fermented), defatted groundnut (DGF) and ginger flour (GGF) were blended to obtain RDG (76.7% raw yellow maize, 20.8% DGF and 2.5% GGF), GDG (74.4% germinated yellow maize, 23.1% DGF, 2.5% GGF), and FDG (72.6% fermented yellow maize, 24.9% DGF, 2.5% GGF). Food samples were evaluated for nutritional qualities and sensory attributes using standard methods. Protein (g/100 g), energy value (kCal/100 g), total amino acids and essential amino acids (g/100 g protein) of formulated CF ranged from 19.38 to 28.58, 373.49 to 394.53, 87.33 to 91.89 and 36.17 to 37.63, respectively, and were comparable to control (17.07, 401.22, 94.47 & 35.35). Minerals were present in appreciable amount in the foods, while phytate/mineral (Ca, Fe, Zn) and oxalate/calcium molar ratios were lower than critical levels. Bulk density (1.4 - 1.6 g/mL), least gelation (4 - 6%), water absorption capacity (10.5 - 15.8%) and swelling capacity (0.5 - 1.2%) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in formulated CF than in control, except for bulk density. Biological value (78.44%) of FDG was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than GDG (78.4%) and RDG (75.87%), respectively, but lower than control (93.48%). Pack cell volume (22.50%), haemoglobin concentration (7.5 g/dL), red blood cell (3 × 103 mm− 3), albumin (3.72 g/dL), total blood protein (5.62 g/dL) and globulin (1.9 g/dL) of rats fed on FDG were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other diets, but comparable to that of control. Kidney (urea, 10.16 mg/dL; creatinine, 4.8 mg/dL) and liver function index (AST/ALT ratio, 0.38) of rats fed on FDG were lower than in those rats fed on RDG, GDG and control. For sensorial attributes, RDG was ranked best next by FDG in appearance, aroma, texture, taste and overall acceptability, but were significantly (p < 0.05) rated lower than control. Finally, the study established that FDG (72.6% fermented yellow maize, 24.9% defatted groundnut and 2.5% ginger) was the best in nutritional quality and growth performance in rats; hence, this CF may be suitable to mitigate expensive commercial infant formula in alleviating severe-acute-malnutrition in children.
Graphical abstract
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14
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Gerber M, Lang C, Beckmann J, du Randt R, Long KZ, Müller I, Nienaber M, Probst-Hensch N, Steinmann P, Pühse U, Utzinger J, Nqweniso S, Walter C. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Weight Status, and Body Composition among South African Primary Schoolchildren. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811836. [PMID: 36142108 PMCID: PMC9517541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Over the past decades, childhood overweight has increased in many African countries. We examined the relationship between sedentary behaviour, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and body composition in South African primary schoolchildren living in peri-urban settings. Methods: MVPA was measured via 7-day accelerometry and body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis in 1090 learners (49.2% girls, Mage = 8.3 ± 1.4 years). The relationships between MVPA and sedentary behaviour with the various body composition indicators (body fat and fat-free mass [total, truncal, arms, and legs], bone mass, muscle mass, and body water) were tested with mixed linear regressions. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.8% and 6.6%, respectively; 77.1% of the children engaged in ≥60 min of MVPA/day. Girls were more likely to be overweight/obese, to accumulate less than 60 min of MVPA/day, and had significantly higher relative body fat than boys (ps < 0.001). Lower MVPA was associated with a higher likelihood of being overweight/obese, higher relative body fat, and lower relative fat-free mass, bone mass, muscle mass, and body water (ps < 0.001). For lower sedentary behaviour, the associations with body composition pointed in the opposite direction. Conclusions: In this South African setting, girls are a particularly relevant target group for future physical activity interventions to prevent overweight/obesity-related non-communicable diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-207-4783
| | - Christin Lang
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Beckmann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosa du Randt
- Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 7700, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Kurt Z. Long
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Müller
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Madeleine Nienaber
- Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 7700, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siphesihle Nqweniso
- Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 7700, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Walter
- Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 7700, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
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Tannor EK, Chika OU, Okpechi IG. The Impact of Low Socioeconomic Status on Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Low- and Lower Middle-Income Countries. Semin Nephrol 2022; 42:151338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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16
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Murniati N, Al Aufa B, Kusuma D, Kamso S. A Scoping Review on Biopsychosocial Predictors of Mental Health among Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10909. [PMID: 36078627 PMCID: PMC9518331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to map the available evidence on biopsychosocial predictors of elderly mental health. The articles were independently screened in three selected databases, namely Pubmed, Proquest and Google Scholar. The stages consist of identifying the research questions, seeking and selecting relevant evidence, mapping data, and concluding and reporting results. The PRISMA flowchart was used to show the PEOS evidence search flow. A total of 23,722 articles were obtained from all databases during the initial search, where 458 titles fulfilled the eligibility criteria at the title screening stage. Furthermore, 383 articles passed through abstract screening, where 75 met the inclusion criteria and were included for full-text screening. Based on the full-text screening stage, 28 articles were excluded and the remaining 47 articles that matched the search process were included for data extraction. This review creates biopsychosocial variables related to the mental health of the elderly. The biological factors consist of age, biomarkers, female, health conditions, chronic diseases, and physical function. Variables related to psychological factors are affect, personality traits, and subjective well-being. Meanwhile, social factors include smoking, sleep quality, physical activity, daily living, social support, marital status, loneliness, religiosity, spirituality, and early life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Murniati
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Applied Health Science Department, Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Badra Al Aufa
- Applied Health Science Department, Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dian Kusuma
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sudijanto Kamso
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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Mosha MV, Paulo HA, Msuya SE, Grosskurth H, Filteau S. Lack of an association between dietary patterns and adiposity among primary school children in Kilimanjaro Tanzania. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:35. [PMID: 35449025 PMCID: PMC9022355 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthy dietary habits prevent childhood overweight and obesity and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. We examined dietary patterns and their association with adiposity among primary school children in northern Tanzania. Methods Dietary data was collected by 24-h recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for 1170 primary school children aged 9 – 11 years from 20 primary schools in the Kilimanjaro region. Factor analysis and FFQ data were used to identify dietary patterns. Children were categorized into terciles of their adherence to each dietary pattern. Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of dietary pattern terciles with adiposity indicators: body mass index z–scores (BMI z scores), body fat percentage by bioelectrical impedance, triceps, subscapular skinfold thicknesses, and waist circumference. Results Fifteen percent of children had BMI Z > 1.0, indicating overweight or obesity. Two dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: a healthy pattern characterized by frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables; and a mixed dietary pattern characterized by intake of fatty snacks, sweets and sugar snacks, sugary beverages, meat and alternatives, milk, and milk products. After adjusting for potential confounders, for both models: model 1 (age and sex), and model 2 (age, sex, school type, time spent walking to school, district [urban/ rural], availability of television and electronic gadgets at home and neighbourhood playground); we found no significant associations between dietary patterns and adiposity measures. Conclusion Dietary patterns were not associated with adiposity in Tanzanian primary school children, possibly because of limitations of the FFQ, which did not record information on portion sizes. Future research should focus on understanding the key foods / snacks consumed by school children, portion sizes and their long-term effects on adiposity in children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00529-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Vincent Mosha
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCO), Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Heavenlight A Paulo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sia E Msuya
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCO), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Heiner Grosskurth
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.,Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
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Niba Rawlings N, Akwah EA, Musisi J, Awanchiri K, Babirye R, Emalieu D, Nduhukyire L, Kakeeto R, Ngongalah L. Perceived risks of COVID-19, attitudes towards preventive guidelines and impact of the lockdown on students in Uganda: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266249. [PMID: 35377918 PMCID: PMC8979440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored students’ perceptions of COVID-19 risks and preventive measures and assessed the impacts of the national lockdown on students in Uganda. Methods A web-based survey was conducted to explore students’ perceived risks of COVID-19 and preventive measures; sources of COVID-19 information and impacts of the lockdown. Both undergraduate and post-graduate students (n = 398) participated in the study. Data were analysed using IBM-SPSS-26. Results Students acknowledged COVID-19 as a health risk, and their preventive behaviours were influenced by age, gender, marital status and living situation. Most students followed face mask guidelines but did not comply with lockdown restrictions. Social distancing was not always possible due to overcrowding. Students’ main sources of COVID-19 information were local media (e.g., TV, radio) and social media. Most students (especially females) were unable to access online learning platforms due to poor internet connectivity, high costs and no access to computers. Meanwhile, a majority of those who studied online did not enjoy the experience. Students experienced depression, frustration, stress and anxiety during the lockdown; became less physically active and spent most of their time on social media, sleeping, eating or watching movies. Some students indulged in smoking, drinking alcohol, taking drugs and gambling for their first time, while others did them more often than before. Conclusion The increase in sedentary activity, poor mental health and substance use over the lockdown period puts students at risk of health complications and poses a potential threat to the healthcare system. These risks may also negatively impact their future learning and academic potential. Further research is needed to understand the transitional experiences of students between physical and virtual learning, and how they can be supported. There is also a need to ascertain the feasibility of guidelines such as social distancing in developing countries, to increase compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngwa Niba Rawlings
- Department of Research and Development, The Collaboration for Research Excellence in Africa (CORE Africa), Douala, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Emmanuela Ambe Akwah
- Department of Research and Development, The Collaboration for Research Excellence in Africa (CORE Africa), Douala, Cameroon
| | - James Musisi
- Department of Research and Development, The Collaboration for Research Excellence in Africa (CORE Africa), Douala, Cameroon
| | - Kimonia Awanchiri
- Department of Research and Development, The Collaboration for Research Excellence in Africa (CORE Africa), Douala, Cameroon
| | - Rachel Babirye
- Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Diana Emalieu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Nduhukyire
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Kakeeto
- Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lem Ngongalah
- Department of Research and Development, The Collaboration for Research Excellence in Africa (CORE Africa), Douala, Cameroon
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Mauti J, Mank I, De Neve JW, Gyengani GA, Somé PA, Shinde S, Fawzi W, Bärnighausen T, Vandormael A. The Food and Health Environment in Junior Secondary Schools in Urban Burkina Faso: A Cross-Sectional Study of Administrators, Food Vendors and Early Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312689. [PMID: 34886415 PMCID: PMC8656836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
School enrolment rates have increased globally, making the school environment a unique setting to promote healthy nutrition and eating outcomes among early adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, we describe the food and health environment of junior secondary schools in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso, West Africa). We evaluated the food and health environment using three components: (1) the implementation of health-related policies or guidelines in the schools, (2) the provision of health, nutrition and water, sanitation & hygiene (WASH) services in the schools, and (3) the quality of the school food environment, including foods sold by vendors. We used stratified random sampling to recruit 22 junior secondary schools from the five Ouagadougou districts in 2020. Trained fieldworkers collected standardized questionnaire data from 19 school administrators, 18 food vendors, and 1059 in-school adolescents. We report that only 7 out of 19 school administrators were aware of existing health-related policies and guidelines at their school and only 3 schools had a school health and nutrition curriculum in place. The overall provision of health, nutrition and WASH services was low or inadequate. Likely because of the lack of school canteens, 69% of the students bought snacks and unhealthy foods from food vendors. There is a critical need to improve the food and health environment of junior secondary schools in urban Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mauti
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (I.M.); (J.-W.D.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Isabel Mank
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (I.M.); (J.-W.D.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Jan-Walter De Neve
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (I.M.); (J.-W.D.N.); (T.B.)
| | - Guillaume Alfred Gyengani
- Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Blvd Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7118, Burkina Faso; (G.A.G.); (P.-A.S.)
| | - Paul-André Somé
- Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Blvd Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7118, Burkina Faso; (G.A.G.); (P.-A.S.)
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.S.); (W.F.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (I.M.); (J.-W.D.N.); (T.B.)
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Africa Centre Building, Via R618 to Hlabisa, Somkhele, P.O. Box 198, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alain Vandormael
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.M.); (I.M.); (J.-W.D.N.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Sedumedi CM, Janssen X, Reilly JJ, Kruger HS, Monyeki MA. Association between Objectively Determined Physical Activity Levels and Body Composition in 6-8-Year-Old Children from a Black South African Population: BC-IT Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126453. [PMID: 34203654 PMCID: PMC8296274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity in children is a global pandemic in parallel with increasing obesity prevalence. However, studies assessing the association between physical activity (PA) and body composition (BC) report conflicting findings, possibly because of the different methodologies across studies, with objective methods promising reliable results. This study determines the association between objectively determined PA levels and BC in 6–8-year-old children from a black South African population. Ninety-three children aged 6–8 years, who formed part of a larger study on BC using the deuterium dilution method (DDM), were included. Height and weight were measured according to the standard procedures, and body mass index z-score was calculated. Fatness was determined by DDM. An accelerometer was used to measure PA levels. Regression models were performed to determine the relationship between PA and BC. Approximately 23% of the children did not meet the recommended PA guidelines and 27% were overfat. After adjustments were made, more time spent in vigorous PA was significantly associated with lower fat mass (β = −0.25, p = 0.01, 95%CI: −11.08; −1.20) and fat mass % (β = −0.20, p = 0.04, 95%CI: −12.63; −0.18). Participation in high PA, especially of high intensity, was associated with reduced adiposity in children. Behavioural changes such as increasing high intensity PA is strongly recommended for reducing adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Sedumedi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Xanne Janssen
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland, UK; (X.J.); (J.J.R.)
| | - John J. Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland, UK; (X.J.); (J.J.R.)
| | - Herculina S. Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Makama Andries Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1QE, Scotland, UK; (X.J.); (J.J.R.)
- Correspondence:
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