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Hülpüsch C, Rohayem R, Reiger M, Traidl-Hoffmann C. Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:31-41. [PMID: 38761999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis [AD]) affect children and adults globally. In AD, the skin barrier is impaired on multiple levels. Underlying factors include genetic, chemical, immunologic, and microbial components. Increased skin pH in AD is part of the altered microbial microenvironment that promotes overgrowth of the skin microbiome with Staphylococcus aureus. The secretion of virulence factors, such as toxins and proteases, by S aureus further aggravates the skin barrier deficiency and additionally disrupts the balance of an already skewed immune response. Skin commensal bacteria, however, can inhibit the growth and pathogenicity of S aureus through quorum sensing. Therefore, restoring a healthy skin microbiome could contribute to remission induction in AD. This review discusses direct and indirect approaches to targeting the skin microbiome through modulation of the skin pH; UV treatment; and use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Furthermore, exploratory techniques such as skin microbiome transplantation, ozone therapy, and phage therapy are discussed. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on disease and microbiome modification through targeted immunomodulatory systemic treatments and biologics. We believe that targeting the skin microbiome should be considered a crucial component of successful AD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hülpüsch
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rohayem
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reiger
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Chair of Environmental Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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Maestre‐Carballa L, Navarro‐López V, Martinez‐Garcia M. Metagenomic airborne resistome from urban hot spots through the One Health lens. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13306. [PMID: 38923122 PMCID: PMC11194455 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Human activities are a significant contributor to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which pose a serious threat to human health. These ARGs can be transmitted through various pathways, including air, within the context of One Health. This study used metagenomics to monitor the resistomes in urban air from two critical locations: a wastewater treatment plant and a hospital, both indoor and outdoor. The presence of cell-like structures was confirmed through fluorescence microscopy. The metagenomic analysis revealed a wide variety of ARGs and a high diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the airborne particles collected. The wastewater treatment plant showed higher relative abundances with 32 ARG hits per Gb and m3, followed by the main entrance of the hospital (indoor) with ≈5 ARG hits per Gb and m3. The hospital entrance exhibited the highest ARG richness, with a total of 152 different ARGs classified into nine categories of antibiotic resistance. Common commensal and pathogenic bacteria carrying ARGs, such as Moraxella, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus, were detected in the indoor airborne particles of the hospital. Interestingly, no ARGs were shared among all the samples analysed, indicating a highly variable dynamic of airborne resistomes. Furthermore, the study found no ARGs in the airborne viral fractions analysed, suggesting that airborne viruses play a negligible role in the dissemination of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maestre‐Carballa
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and MicrobiologyUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio Ramon MargalefUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | - Vicente Navarro‐López
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease UnitHospital Universitario VinalopóElcheSpain
| | - Manuel Martinez‐Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and MicrobiologyUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain
- Instituto Multidisciplinar Para el Estudio del Medio Ramon MargalefUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain
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Kim JH, Dong J, Le BH, Lonergan ZR, Gu W, Girke T, Zhang W, Newman DK, Martins-Green M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activates Quorum Sensing, Antioxidant Enzymes and Type VI Secretion in Response to Oxidative Stress to Initiate Biofilm Formation and Wound Chronicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:655. [PMID: 38929094 PMCID: PMC11200925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated from cutaneous chronic wounds. How PA, in the presence of oxidative stress (OS), colonizes chronic wounds and forms a biofilm is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in gene expression seen when PA is challenged with the high levels of OS present in chronic wounds. We used a biofilm-forming PA strain isolated from the chronic wounds of our murine model (RPA) and performed a qPCR to obtain gene expression patterns as RPA developed a biofilm in vitro in the presence of high levels of OS, and then compared the findings in vivo, in our mouse model of chronic wounds. We found that the planktonic bacteria under OS conditions overexpressed quorum sensing genes that are important for the bacteria to communicate with each other, antioxidant stress genes important to reduce OS in the microenvironment for survival, biofilm formation genes and virulence genes. Additionally, we performed RNAseq in vivo and identified the activation of novel genes/pathways of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) involved in RPA pathogenicity. In conclusion, RPA appears to survive the high OS microenvironment in chronic wounds and colonizes these wounds by turning on virulence, biofilm-forming and survival genes. These findings reveal pathways that may be promising targets for new therapies aimed at disrupting PA-containing biofilms immediately after debridement to facilitate the treatment of chronic human wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane H. Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Julianna Dong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brandon H. Le
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Zachery R. Lonergan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Weifeng Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dianne K. Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Mihai MM, Bălăceanu-Gurău B, Ion A, Holban AM, Gurău CD, Popescu MN, Beiu C, Popa LG, Popa MI, Dragomirescu CC, Preda M, Muntean AA, Macovei IS, Lazăr V. Host-Microbiome Crosstalk in Chronic Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4629. [PMID: 38731848 PMCID: PMC11083077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic wounds (CW) involves a multifaceted interplay of biochemical, immunological, hematological, and microbiological interactions. Biofilm development is a significant virulence trait which enhances microbial survival and pathogenicity and has various implications on the development and management of CW. Biofilms induce a prolonged suboptimal inflammation in the wound microenvironment, associated with delayed healing. The composition of wound fluid (WF) adds more complexity to the subject, with proven pro-inflammatory properties and an intricate crosstalk among cytokines, chemokines, microRNAs, proteases, growth factors, and ECM components. One approach to achieve information on the mechanisms of disease progression and therapeutic response is the use of multiple high-throughput 'OMIC' modalities (genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, metabolomic assays), facilitating the discovery of potential biomarkers for wound healing, which may represent a breakthrough in this field and a major help in addressing delayed wound healing. In this review article, we aim to summarize the current progress achieved in host-microbiome crosstalk in the spectrum of CW healing and highlight future innovative strategies to boost the host immune response against infections, focusing on the interaction between pathogens and their hosts (for instance, by harnessing microorganisms like probiotics), which may serve as the prospective advancement of vaccines and treatments against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Mădălina Mihai
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.M.); (C.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.H.); (V.L.)
| | | | - Ana Ion
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.H.); (V.L.)
| | - Cristian-Dorin Gurău
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Clinical Emergency Hospital, 014451 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Nicolae Popescu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Clinic of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Beiu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.M.); (C.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Gabriela Popa
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.M.); (C.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Clinic of Dermatology, “Elias” Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology, “Cantacuzino” Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.P.); (C.C.D.); (A.-A.M.)
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Cerasella Cristiana Dragomirescu
- Department of Microbiology, “Cantacuzino” Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.P.); (C.C.D.); (A.-A.M.)
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Mădălina Preda
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (I.S.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Virology, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Andrei Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, “Cantacuzino” Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.P.); (C.C.D.); (A.-A.M.)
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Ioana Sabina Macovei
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Veronica Lazăr
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Department of Botany-Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.H.); (V.L.)
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Jaimes J, Patiño LH, Herrera G, Cruz C, Pérez J, Correa-Cárdenas CA, Muñoz M, Ramírez JD. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic skin microbiota modifications triggered by Leishmania infection in localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012029. [PMID: 38478569 PMCID: PMC10962849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease characterized by cutaneous ulcers, sometimes with satellite lesions and nodular lymphangitis. Leishmania parasites, transmitted by sandfly vectors, cause this widespread public health challenge affecting millions worldwide. CL's complexity stems from diverse Leishmania species and intricate host interactions. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the spatial-temporal distribution of Leishmania species and exploring the influence of skin microbiota on disease progression. We analyzed 40 samples from CL patients at three military bases across Colombia. Using Oxford Nanopore's Heat Shock Protein 70 sequencing, we identified Leishmania species and profiled microbiota in CL lesions and corresponding healthy limbs. Illumina sequencing of 16S-rRNA and 18S-rRNA genes helped analyze prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. Our research uncovered a spatial-temporal overlap between regions of high CL incidence and our sampling locations, indicating the coexistence of various Leishmania species. L. naiffi emerged as a noteworthy discovery. In addition, our study delved into the changes in skin microbiota associated with CL lesions sampled by scraping compared with healthy skin sampled by brushing of upper and lower limbs. We observed alterations in microbial diversity, both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, within the lesioned areas, signifying the potential role of microbiota in CL pathogenesis. The significant increase in specific bacterial families, such as Staphylococcaceae and Streptococcaceae, within CL lesions indicates their contribution to local inflammation. In essence, our study contributes to the ongoing research into CL, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach to decipher the intricate interactions between Leishmaniasis and the skin microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jaimes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luz Helena Patiño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giovanny Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Cruz
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales del Ejército (GINETEJ), Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación, Dirección de Sanidad Ejército, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julie Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales del Ejército (GINETEJ), Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación, Dirección de Sanidad Ejército, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo A. Correa-Cárdenas
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales del Ejército (GINETEJ), Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación, Dirección de Sanidad Ejército, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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Schuetz R, Claypool J, Sfriso R, Vollhardt JH. Sunscreens can preserve human skin microbiome upon erythemal UV exposure. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:71-84. [PMID: 37664974 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a known environmental key factor for premature skin ageing. Only few scientific evidence is available to support the effects of UVR on the skin microbiome. This in vivo pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact on the skin microbiome upon erythemal UV exposure and the protection of UV-exposed skin microbiome by UV filters. METHODS Ten female volunteers were treated with an sun protection factor (SPF) 20 sunscreen and placebo formulation (without UV filters) on their upper middle backs and irradiated with an erythemal dose (2 MED) by a solar simulator. Skin swabbing samples from four zones (i.e., unexposed, exposed, sunscreen- and placebo-treated on exposed skin) were collected for the microbiome analysis before and 2 h after UV exposure, respectively, and processed via shallow 16S rRNA Amplicon and Shotgun metagenomic sequencing. An in vitro UV method was developed to confirm the protection of isolated bacterial strains by single UV filters and combinations. RESULTS Alpha diversity was impacted by significant inter-individual differences and by treatment rather than by irradiation. Cutibacterium acnes was found to be the most abundant and a confounding factor for diversity. On a species level, Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with UVR and placebo treatment, whereas there was a positive association with sunscreen treatment. The sunscreen treatment also favoured an interaction network with central Micrococcus genus. The in vitro results showed that both single UV filters and combinations had specific effects on the survival rates of L. crispatus, C. acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. CONCLUSION We identified potential microorganisms and bacterial interactions that were associated with an SPF 20 sunscreen treatment. The specific protection of L. crispatus as a key player in the UV-exposed skin microbiome and reduction of C. acnes population by UV filters might lead to new cosmetic concepts for photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Schuetz
- Personal Care and Aroma, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Claypool
- Biodata and Translation, DSM Nutritional Products, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Riccardo Sfriso
- Personal Care and Aroma, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Juergen H Vollhardt
- Personal Care and Aroma, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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Galvan A, Pellicciari C, Calderan L. Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1165. [PMID: 38256238 PMCID: PMC10816982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin plays crucial roles in the human body: besides protecting the organism from external threats, it acts as a thermal regulator, is responsible for the sense of touch, hosts microbial communities (the skin microbiota) involved in preventing the invasion of foreign pathogens, contains immunocompetent cells that maintain a healthy immunogenic/tolerogenic balance, and is a suitable route for drug administration. In the skin, four defense levels can be identified: besides the physical, chemical, and immune barriers that are inherent to the tissue, the skin microbiota (i.e., the numerous microorganisms living on the skin surface) provides an additional barrier. Studying the skin barrier function or the effects of drugs or cosmetic agents on human skin is a difficult task since snapshot evidence can only be obtained using bioptic samples where dynamic processes cannot properly be followed. To overcome these limitations, many different in vitro models of human skin have been developed that are characterized by diverse levels of complexity in terms of chemical, structural, and cellular composition. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different human skin models so far available and to underline how the insertion of a proper microbiota would positively impact an in vitro human skin model in an attempt to better mimic conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galvan
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Carlo Pellicciari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Calderan
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.G.); (L.C.)
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Manara S, Beghini F, Masetti G, Armanini F, Geat D, Galligioni G, Segata N, Farina S, Cristofolini M. Thermal Therapy Modulation of the Psoriasis-Associated Skin and Gut Microbiome. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:2769-2783. [PMID: 37768448 PMCID: PMC10613183 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a systemic immune-mediated disease primarily manifesting as skin redness and inflammation. Balneotherapy proved to be a successful non-pharmacological option to reduce the skin areas affected by the disease, but the specific mechanisms underlying this effect have not been elucidated yet. Here we test the hypothesis that the effect of thermal treatments on psoriatic lesions could be partially mediated by changes in the resident microbial population, i.e., the microbiome. METHODS In this study, we enrolled patients with psoriasis and monitored changes in their skin and gut microbiome after a 12-bath balneotherapy course with a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. Changes in the resident microbiome were then correlated with thermal therapy outcomes evaluated as changes in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Body Surface Area index (BSA). RESULTS The amplicon sequencing analysis of the skin microbiome showed that after thermal treatment the microbiome composition of affected areas improved to approach that typical of unaffected skin. We moreover identified some low-abundance bacterial biomarkers indicative of disease status and treatment efficacy, and we showed via metagenomic sequencing that thermal treatments and thermal water drinking affect the fecal microbiome to host more species associated with favorable metabolic health. CONCLUSIONS Changes in lower-abundance microbial taxa presence and abundance could be the basis for the positive effect of thermal water treatment and drinking on the cutaneous and systemic symptomatology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Manara
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Beghini
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
- Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giulia Masetti
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Federica Armanini
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Geat
- Department of Dermatology, ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Galligioni
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Health Agency Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123, Trento, Italy.
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9
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Rikken G, Meesters LD, Jansen PAM, Rodijk-Olthuis D, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, Niehues H, Smits JPH, Oláh P, Homey B, Schalkwijk J, Zeeuwen PLJM, van den Bogaard EH. Novel methodologies for host-microbe interactions and microbiome-targeted therapeutics in 3D organotypic skin models. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:227. [PMID: 37849006 PMCID: PMC10580606 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following descriptive studies on skin microbiota in health and disease, mechanistic studies on the interplay between skin and microbes are on the rise, for which experimental models are in great demand. Here, we present a novel methodology for microbial colonization of organotypic skin and analysis thereof. RESULTS An inoculation device ensured a standardized application area on the stratum corneum and a homogenous distribution of bacteria, while preventing infection of the basolateral culture medium even during prolonged culture periods for up to 2 weeks at a specific culture temperature and humidity. Hereby, host-microbe interactions and antibiotic interventions could be studied, revealing diverse host responses to various skin-related bacteria and pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Our methodology is easily transferable to a wide variety of organotypic skin or mucosal models and different microbes at every cell culture facility at low costs. We envision that this study will kick-start skin microbiome studies using human organotypic skin cultures, providing a powerful alternative to experimental animal models in pre-clinical research. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca D Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A M Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Oláh
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Kim R. Advanced Organotypic In Vitro Model Systems for Host-Microbial Coculture. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2023; 17:1-27. [PMID: 37363268 PMCID: PMC10201494 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-023-00103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro model systems have been advanced to recapitulate important physiological features of the target organ in vivo more closely than the conventional cell line cultures on a petri dish. The advanced organotypic model systems can be used as a complementary or alternative tool for various testing and screening. Numerous data from germ-free animal studies and genome sequencings of clinical samples indicate that human microbiota is an essential part of the human body, but current in vitro model systems rarely include them, which can be one of the reasons for the discrepancy in the tissue phenotypes and outcome of therapeutic intervention between in vivo and in vitro tissues. A coculture model system with appropriate microbes and host cells may have great potential to bridge the gap between the in vitro model and the in vivo counterpart. However, successfully integrating two species in one system introduces new variables to consider and poses new challenges to overcome. This review aims to provide perspectives on the important factors that should be considered for developing organotypic bacterial coculture models. Recent advances in various organotypic bacterial coculture models are highlighted. Finally, challenges and opportunities in developing organotypic microbial coculture models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehyun Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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11
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Smythe P, Wilkinson HN. The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043950. [PMID: 36835363 PMCID: PMC9963692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our skin is the largest organ of the body, serving as an important barrier against the harsh extrinsic environment. Alongside preventing desiccation, chemical damage and hypothermia, this barrier protects the body from invading pathogens through a sophisticated innate immune response and co-adapted consortium of commensal microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota. These microorganisms inhabit distinct biogeographical regions dictated by skin physiology. Thus, it follows that perturbations to normal skin homeostasis, as occurs with ageing, diabetes and skin disease, can cause microbial dysbiosis and increase infection risk. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts in skin microbiome research, highlighting pertinent links between skin ageing, the microbiome and cutaneous repair. Moreover, we address gaps in current knowledge and highlight key areas requiring further exploration. Future advances in this field could revolutionise the way we treat microbial dysbiosis associated with skin ageing and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paisleigh Smythe
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Holly N. Wilkinson
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Correspondence:
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12
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Doane MP, Johnson CJ, Johri S, Kerr EN, Morris MM, Desantiago R, Turnlund AC, Goodman A, Mora M, Lima LFO, Nosal AP, Dinsdale EA. The Epidermal Microbiome Within an Aggregation of Leopard Sharks (Triakis semifasciata) Has Taxonomic Flexibility with Gene Functional Stability Across Three Time-points. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:747-764. [PMID: 35129649 PMCID: PMC9957878 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis of Chondrichthyan fishes consists of dermal denticles with production of minimal but protein-rich mucus that collectively, influence the attachment and biofilm development of microbes, facilitating a unique epidermal microbiome. Here, we use metagenomics to provide the taxonomic and functional characterization of the epidermal microbiome of the Triakis semifasciata (leopard shark) at three time-points collected across 4 years to identify links between microbial groups and host metabolism. Our aims include (1) describing the variation of microbiome taxa over time and identifying recurrent microbiome members (present across all time-points); (2) investigating the relationship between the recurrent and flexible taxa (those which are not found consistently across time-points); (3) describing the functional compositions of the microbiome which may suggest links with the host metabolism; and (4) identifying whether metabolic processes are shared across microbial genera or are unique to specific taxa. Microbial members of the microbiome showed high similarity between all individuals (Bray-Curtis similarity index = 82.7, where 0 = no overlap, 100 = total overlap) with the relative abundance of those members varying across sampling time-points, suggesting flexibility of taxa in the microbiome. One hundred and eighty-eight genera were identified as recurrent, including Pseudomonas, Erythrobacter, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, and Sphingopxis being consistently abundant across time-points, while Limnobacter and Xyella exhibited switching patterns with high relative abundance in 2013, Sphingobium and Sphingomona in 2015, and Altermonas, Leeuwenhoekiella, Gramella, and Maribacter in 2017. Of the 188 genera identified as recurrent, the top 19 relatively abundant genera formed three recurrent groups. The microbiome also displayed high functional similarity between individuals (Bray-Curtis similarity index = 97.6) with gene function composition remaining consistent across all time-points. These results show that while the presence of microbial genera exhibits consistency across time-points, their abundances do fluctuate. Microbial functions however remain stable across time-points; thus, we suggest the leopard shark microbiomes exhibit functional redundancy. We show coexistence of microbes hosted in elasmobranch microbiomes that encode genes involved in utilizing nitrogen, but not fixing nitrogen, degrading urea, and resistant to heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Doane
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia Australia
| | - Colton J. Johnson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Shaili Johri
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA USA
| | - Emma N. Kerr
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia Australia
| | | | - Ric Desantiago
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Abigail C. Turnlund
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Asha Goodman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Maria Mora
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Andrew P. Nosal
- Department of Environmental and Ocean Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California – San Diego, CA La Jolla, USA
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13
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Wang Q, Cui Y, Ai W, Li S, Zhang Z, Feng X. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 composite for the delivery of amoxicillin against S. aureus skin infection. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj00109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
By subcutaneous injection of an amoxicillin-loaded nanocomposite, the skin bacterial infection of mice was well alleviated, and wound recovery was improved.
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14
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Richter K, Wohlrab J. [Impact of preservatives in topicals on the cutaneous microbiota]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 74:171-181. [PMID: 36729161 PMCID: PMC9981539 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preservatives are used to stabilize topical preparations and protect the user from the influence of pathogenic microbes. After the application of a topical preparation, the matrix undergoes a metamorphosis, and by proportional evaporation of the hydrophilic phase the preservative may accumulate on the skin surface. This is believed to lead to antiseptic effects and may influence the diversity of the cutaneous microbiota. The regulation of the cutaneous microbiome and the associated influencing factors is a complex system that results in highly individualized conditions. Therefore, investigations on the influence of defined interventions are methodologically difficult. In the present proof-of-concept study, potential antiseptic effects of preservatives were investigated in a combination of in vitro and in vivo methods using microbiological culture tests. In addition, the investigations served to develop a clinical study design to answer further questions and use of an extended range of methods. The results support the hypothesis of an antiseptic effect of the tested preservatives (methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, potassium sorbate and propylene glycol) on prominent reference bacteria, which could also be observed in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Richter
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06114 Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Johannes Wohlrab
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06114, Halle (Saale), Deutschland. .,An-Institut für angewandte Dermatopharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
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15
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Chen H, Zhao Q, Zhong Q, Duan C, Krutmann J, Wang J, Xia J. Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:363-382. [PMID: 36939800 PMCID: PMC9712873 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Skin microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin health. Profiling the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ecosystem. However, the community composition is highly individualized and extremely complex. To explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem, namely the selection pressures, we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of ecology. This review summarizes the following: (1) the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment, highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota; (2) the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches, through self-adaptation and microbe-microbe interactions; (3) how skin microbes, by their structures or bioactive molecules, reshape host skin phenotypes, including skin immunity, maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration, ultraviolet (UV) protection, odor production, and wound healing. This review aims to re-examine the host-microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Cheng Duan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Jiucun Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
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16
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Boesch M, Horvath L, Baty F, Pircher A, Wolf D, Spahn S, Straussman R, Tilg H, Brutsche MH. Compartmentalization of the host microbiome: how tumor microbiota shapes checkpoint immunotherapy outcome and offers therapeutic prospects. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005401. [PMID: 36343977 PMCID: PMC9644363 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The host microbiome is polymorphic, compartmentalized, and composed of distinctive tissue microbiomes. While research in the field of cancer immunotherapy has provided an improved understanding of the interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiome, the significance of the tumor-associated microbiome has only recently been grasped. This article provides a state-of-the-art review about the tumor-associated microbiome and sheds light on how local tumor microbiota shapes anticancer immunity and influences checkpoint immunotherapy outcome. The direct route of interaction between cancer cells, immune cells, and microbiota in the tumor microenvironment is emphasized and advocates a focus on the tumor-associated microbiome in addition to the spatially separated gut compartment. Since the mechanisms underlying checkpoint immunotherapy modulation by tumor-associated microbiota remain largely elusive, future research should dissect the pathways involved and outline strategies to therapeutically modulate microbes and their products within the tumor microenvironment. A more detailed knowledge about the mechanisms governing the composition and functional quality of the tumor microbiome will improve cancer immunotherapy and advance precision medicine for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology) and Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florent Baty
- Lung Center, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology) and Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology) and Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Spahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Ruuskanen MO, Vats D, Potbhare R, RaviKumar A, Munukka E, Ashma R, Lahti L. Towards standardized and reproducible research in skin microbiomes. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3840-3860. [PMID: 35229437 PMCID: PMC9790573 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex organ serving a critical role as a barrier and mediator of interactions between the human body and its environment. Recent studies have uncovered how resident microbial communities play a significant role in maintaining the normal healthy function of the skin and the immune system. In turn, numerous host-associated and environmental factors influence these communities' composition and diversity across the cutaneous surface. In addition, specific compositional changes in skin microbiota have also been connected to the development of several chronic diseases. The current era of microbiome research is characterized by its reliance on large data sets of nucleotide sequences produced with high-throughput sequencing of sample-extracted DNA. These approaches have yielded new insights into many previously uncharacterized microbial communities. Application of standardized practices in the study of skin microbial communities could help us understand their complex structures, functional capacities, and health associations and increase the reproducibility of the research. Here, we overview the current research in human skin microbiomes and outline challenges specific to their study. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on recent advances in methods, analytical tools and applications of skin microbiomes in medicine and forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti O. Ruuskanen
- Department of Computing, Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Deepti Vats
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced StudySavitribai Phule Pune UniversityPuneIndia
| | - Renuka Potbhare
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced StudySavitribai Phule Pune UniversityPuneIndia
| | - Ameeta RaviKumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and BiotechnologySavitribai Phule Pune UniversityPuneIndia
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Microbiome Biobank, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Richa Ashma
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced StudySavitribai Phule Pune UniversityPuneIndia
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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18
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Manipulating Microbiota to Treat Atopic Dermatitis: Functions and Therapies. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060642. [PMID: 35745496 PMCID: PMC9228373 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a globally prevalent skin inflammation with a particular impact on children. Current therapies for AD are challenged by the limited armamentarium and the high heterogeneity of the disease. A novel promising therapeutic target for AD is the microbiota. Numerous studies have highlighted the involvement of the skin and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AD. The resident microbiota at these two epithelial tissues can modulate skin barrier functions and host immune responses, thus regulating AD progression. For example, the pathogenic roles of Staphylococcus aureus in the skin are well-established, making this bacterium an attractive target for AD treatment. Targeting the gut microbiota is another therapeutic strategy for AD. Multiple oral supplements with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics have demonstrated promising efficacy in both AD prevention and treatment. In this review, we summarize the association of microbiota dysbiosis in both the skin and gut with AD, and the current knowledge of the functions of commensal microbiota in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the existing therapies in manipulating both the skin and gut commensal microbiota to prevent or treat AD. We also propose potential novel therapies based on the cutting-edge progress in this area.
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19
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Patel BK, Patel KH, Huang RY, Lee CN, Moochhala SM. The Gut-Skin Microbiota Axis and Its Role in Diabetic Wound Healing-A Review Based on Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042375. [PMID: 35216488 PMCID: PMC8880500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a growing concern worldwide as they pose complications in routine clinical practices such as diagnosis and management. Bacterial interactions on the skin surface are vital to the pathophysiology of DFU and may control delayed wound healing. The microbiota from our skin directly regulates cutaneous health and disease by interacting with the numerous cells involved in the wound healing mechanism. Commensal microbiota, in particular, interact with wound-repairing skin cells to enhance barrier regeneration. The observed microbes in DFU include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, and several anaerobes. Skin commensal microbes, namely S. epidermidis, can regulate the gamma delta T cells and induce Perforin-2 expression. The increased expression of Perforin-2 by skin cells destroyed S. aureus within the cells, facilitating wound healing. Possible crosstalk between the human commensal microbiome and different cell types involved in cutaneous wound healing promotes the immune response and helps to maintain the barrier function in humans. Wound healing is a highly well-coordinated, complex mechanism; it can be devastating if interrupted. Skin microbiomes are being studied in relation to the gut-skin axis along with their effects on dermatologic conditions. The gut-skin axis illustrates the connection wherein the gut can impact skin health due to its immunological and metabolic properties. The precise mechanism underlying gut-skin microbial interactions is still unidentified, but the immune and endocrine systems are likely to be involved. Next-generation sequencing and the development of bioinformatics pipelines may considerably improve the understanding of the microbiome-skin axis involved in diabetic wound healing in a much more sophisticated way. We endeavor to shed light on the importance of these pathways in the pathomechanisms of the most prevalent inflammatory conditions including the diabetes wound healing, as well as how probiotics may intervene in the gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Kadamb Patel
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | | | - Ryan Yuki Huang
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, USA;
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Shabbir M. Moochhala
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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20
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Abstract
The skin microbiome is a key component of pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis (AD). The skin of AD patients is characterized by microbial dysbiosis, with a reduction of microbial diversity and overrepresentation of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Recent exciting studies have elucidated an importance of establishing an appropriate immune response to microbes in early life and uncovered the new mechanisms of microbial community dynamics in modulating our skin microbiome. Several microbes are associated with AD pathogenesis, with proposed pathogenic effects from S. aureus and Malassezia. The complex relationships between microbes within the skin microbiome consortia includes various species, such as Staphylococcal, Roseomonas and Cutibacterium strains, that can inhibit S. aureus and are potential probiotics for AD skin. Numerous microbes are now also reported to modulate host response via communication with keratinocytes, specialized immune cells and adipocytes to improve skin health and barrier function. This increased understanding of skin microbiota bioactives has led to new biotherapeutic approaches that target the skin surface microenvironment for AD treatment.
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21
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Tuchin VV, Genina EA, Tuchina ES, Svetlakova AV, Svenskaya YI. Optical clearing of tissues: Issues of antimicrobial phototherapy and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114037. [PMID: 34752842 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review presents principles and novelties in the field of tissue optical clearing (TOC) technology, as well as application for optical monitoring of drug delivery and effective antimicrobial phototherapy. TOC is based on altering the optical properties of tissue through the introduction of immersion optical cleaning agents (OCA), which impregnate the tissue of interest. We also analyze various methods and kinetics of delivery of photodynamic agents, nanoantibiotics and their mixtures with OCAs into the tissue depth in the context of antimicrobial and antifungal phototherapy. In vitro and in vivo studies of antimicrobial phototherapies, such as photodynamic, photothermal plasmonic and photocatalytic, are summarized, and the prospects of a new TOC technology for effective killing of pathogens are discussed.
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22
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Commensal-Related Changes in the Epidermal Barrier Function Lead to Alterations in the Benzo[ a]Pyrene Metabolite Profile and Its Distribution in 3D Skin. mBio 2021; 12:e0122321. [PMID: 34579573 PMCID: PMC8546866 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01223-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) are among the most abundant environmental pollutants, resulting in continuous exposure of human skin and its microbiota. However, effects of the latter on B[a]P toxicity, absorption, metabolism, and distribution in humans remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the skin microbiota does metabolize B[a]P on and in human skin in situ, using a recently developed commensal skin model. In this model, microbial metabolism leads to high concentrations of known microbial B[a]P metabolites on the surface as well as in the epidermal layers. In contrast to what was observed for uncolonized skin, B[a]P and its metabolites were subject to altered rates of skin penetration and diffusion, resulting in up to 58% reduction of metabolites recovered from basal culture medium. The results indicate the reason for this altered behavior to be a microbially induced strengthening of the epidermal barrier. Concomitantly, colonized models showed decreased formation and penetration of the ultimate carcinogen B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), leading, in consequence, to fewer BPDE-DNA adducts being formed. Befittingly, transcript and expression levels of key proteins for repairing environmentally induced DNA damage such as xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) were also found to be reduced in the commensal models, as was expression of B[a]P-associated cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYPs). The results show that the microbiome can have significant effects on the toxicology of external chemical impacts. The respective effects rely on a complex interplay between microbial and host metabolism and microbe-host interactions, all of which cannot be adequately assessed using single-system studies.
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23
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The Bigger Picture: Why Oral Mucosa Heals Better Than Skin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081165. [PMID: 34439831 PMCID: PMC8394648 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an essential process to restore tissue integrity after trauma. Large skin wounds such as burns often heal with hypertrophic scarring and contractures, resulting in disfigurements and reduced joint mobility. Such adverse healing outcomes are less common in the oral mucosa, which generally heals faster compared to skin. Several studies have identified differences between oral and skin wound healing. Most of these studies however focus only on a single stage of wound healing or a single cell type. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of wound healing in skin versus oral mucosa during all stages of wound healing and including all cell types and molecules involved in the process and also taking into account environmental specific factors such as exposure to saliva and the microbiome. Next to intrinsic properties of resident cells and differential expression of cytokines and growth factors, multiple external factors have been identified that contribute to oral wound healing. It can be concluded that faster wound closure, the presence of saliva, a more rapid immune response, and increased extracellular matrix remodeling all contribute to the superior wound healing and reduced scar formation in oral mucosa, compared to skin.
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24
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Blicharz L, Rudnicka L, Czuwara J, Waśkiel-Burnat A, Goldust M, Olszewska M, Samochocki Z. The Influence of Microbiome Dysbiosis and Bacterial Biofilms on Epidermal Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168403. [PMID: 34445108 PMCID: PMC8395079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis affecting up to 30% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. AD is primarily driven by an epidermal barrier defect which triggers immune dysregulation within the skin. According to recent research such phenomena are closely related to the microbial dysbiosis of the skin. There is growing evidence that cutaneous microbiota and bacterial biofilms negatively affect skin barrier function, contributing to the onset and exacerbation of AD. This review summarizes the latest data on the mechanisms leading to microbiome dysbiosis and biofilm formation in AD, and the influence of these phenomena on skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anna Waśkiel-Burnat
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Małgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Samochocki
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
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Chinnappan M, Harris-Tryon TA. Novel mechanisms of microbial crosstalk with skin innate immunity. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1484-1495. [PMID: 34252227 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin is an organ with a dynamic ecosystem that harbours pathogenic and commensal microbes, which constantly communicate amongst each other and with the host immune system. Evolutionarily, skin and its microbiota have evolved to remain in homeostasis. However, frequently this homeostatic relationship is disturbed by a variety of factors such as environmental stress, diet, genetic mutations, and the microbiome itself. Commensal microbes also play a major role in the maintenance of microbial homeostasis. In addition to their ability to limit pathogens, many skin commensals such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes have recently been implicated in disease pathogenesis either by directly modulating the host immune components or by supporting the expansion of other pathogenic microbes. Likewise, opportunistic skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are able to breach the skin and cause disease. Though much has been established about the microbiota's function in skin immunity, we are in a time where newer mechanistic insights rapidly redefine our understanding of the host/microbial interface in the skin. In this review, we provide a concise summary of recent advances in our understanding of the interplay between host defense strategies and the skin microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tamia A Harris-Tryon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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The Role of Bifidobacteria in Predictive and Preventive Medicine: A Focus on Eczema and Hypercholesterolemia. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040836. [PMID: 33919907 PMCID: PMC8070932 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract early on in life, their interaction with the host starting soon after birth. The health benefits are strain specific and could be due to the produced polysaccharides. The consumption of probiotics may prevent obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, eczema or atopic dermatitis, and asthma. Non-replicative strains of Bifidobacterium longum (NCC3001 and NCC2705) promote the differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), inducing a high expression of differentiation markers (keratin —KRT1—, and transglutaminase —TGM1—) and pro-regeneration markers (cathepsins), including β-defensin-1, which plays an important role in modulating the cutaneous immune response. Strains belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus can increase tight-junction proteins in NHEKs and enhance barrier function. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli may be used as prophylactic or therapeutic agents towards enteric pathogens, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, lactose intolerance, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, cholesterol reduction, and control of obesity and metabolic disorders. Bifidobacterium bifidum showed an in vitro capability of lowering cholesterol levels thanks to its absorption into the bacterial membrane. Several strains of the species Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. casei, and L. gasseri led to a reduced amount of serum cholesterol due to their ability to assimilate cholesterol (in vitro). Lactococcus lactis KF147 and Lactobacillus plantarum Lp81 have also been shown to reduce cholesterol levels by 12%. Clarifying the specific health mechanisms of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains in preventing high-cost pathologies could be useful for delineating effective guidelines for the treatment of infants and adults.
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