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Huang F, Li X, Zhou Y, Tang W, Dang Z, Kui J, Zhang C, Zhang X. Optimization of CRISPR/Cas12a detection assay and its application in the detection of Echinococcus granulosus. Vet Parasitol 2024; 331:110276. [PMID: 39089176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis, resulting from infection with Echinococcus granulosus, poses a significant challenge as a neglected tropical disease owing to the lack of any known effective treatment. Primarily affecting under-resourced, remote, and conflict-ridden regions, the disease is compounded by the limitations of current detection techniques, such as microscopy, physical imaging, ELISA, and qPCR, which are unsuitable for application in these areas. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas12a as a promising tool for nucleic acid detection, characterized by its unparalleled specificity, heightened sensitivity, and rapid detection time, offers a potential solution. In this study, we present a one-pot CRISPR/Cas12a detection method for E. granulosus (genotype G1, sheep strain) integrating recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with suboptimal protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and structured CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to enhance reaction efficiency. The evaluation of the assay's performance using hydatid cyst spiked dog feces and the examination of 62 dog fecal samples collected from various regions of Western China demonstrate its efficacy. The assay permits visual observation of test results about 15 minutes under blue light and displays superior portability and reaction speed relative to qPCR, achieving a sensitivity level of 10 copies of standard plasmids of the target gene. Analytic specificity was verified against four tapeworm species (E. multilocularis, H. taeniaeformis, M. benedeni, and D. caninum) and two other helminths (T. canis and F. hepatica), with negative results also noted for Mesocestoides sp. This study presents a rapid, sensitive, and time-efficient DNA detection method for E. granulosus of hydatid cyst spiked and clinical dog feces, potential serving as an alternative tool for field detection. This novel assay is primarily used to diagnose the definitive host of E. granulosus. Further validation using a larger set of clinical fecal samples is warranted, along with additional exploration of more effective approaches for nucleic acid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yule Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China; Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhisheng Dang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at China CDC/Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Kui
- Huangzhong District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Xining, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Qinghai Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Huangyuan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Ciccone E, Bosco A, Pepe P, Nocerino M, Lattero N, Umhang G, AbdElkarim L, Lahmar S, Said Y, Saralli G, Piegari G, Alterisio MC, Baka R, Sotiraki S, Boué F, Rinaldi L. Baiting not-owned dogs against Echinococcus granulosus: innovative tools for integrated control. Parasitology 2024; 151:421-428. [PMID: 38576256 PMCID: PMC11044063 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is one of the most widespread zoonoses in Mediterranean countries. Baiting not-owned dogs with praziquantel (PZQ), due to their key role in the maintaining the transmission of CE, currently appears to be the most effective way to limit the transmission of CE, as well as an important aspect to introduce for the control of this parasitic disease. Therefore, this study aims to test 3 types of PZQ-based baits by evaluating different parameters (integrity over time, attractiveness and palatability for dogs, and mechanical resistance after release to different altitudes) and the bait acceptance in field by target animals, i.e. not-owned dogs, by using camera traps. The double PZQ-laced baits (with a double layer of highly palatable chews) showed the greatest resistance in the environment while also preserving the attractiveness and palatability up to 10 days, also withstood heights of 25 m, thus resulting as the most suitable also for drone delivery. The results on the field showed that most of the baits were consumed by not-owned dogs (82.2%), while the remaining were consumed by wild boars (8.9%), foxes (6.7%), badgers (1.1%) and hedgehogs (1.1%), confirming the specific and high attractiveness of the double PZQ-laced baits for the target population and highlights how an anthelmintic baiting programme may be a viable tool for the management of E. granulosus among free-ranging dog populations in endemic rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ciccone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Paola Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Nocerino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Lattero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Gerald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Laatamna AbdElkarim
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Samia Lahmar
- Parasitology Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Yousra Said
- Parasitology Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Giorgio Saralli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Lazio and Tuscany M. Aleandri, Via Appia Nuova, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Rania Baka
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
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Gu H, Hu Y, Guo S, Jin Y, Chen W, Huang C, Hu Z, Li F, Liu J. China's prevention and control experience of echinococcosis: A 19-year retrospective. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e16. [PMID: 38305033 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Echinococcosis poses a significant threat to public health. The Chinese government has implemented prevention and control measures to mitigate the impact of the disease. By analyzing data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the State Council of the People's Republic of China, we found that implementation of these measures has reduced the infection rate by nearly 50% between 2004 to 2022 (from 0.3975 to 0.1944 per 100,000 person-years). Nonetheless, some regions still bear a significant disease burden, and lack of detailed information limites further evaluation of the effects on both alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Our analysis supports the continuing implementation of these measures and suggests that enhanced wildlife management, case-based strategies, and surveillance systems will facilitate disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - S Guo
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - W Chen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - C Huang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - Z Hu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - F Li
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
| | - J Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, PR China
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Sharma V, Sharma R, Aulakh RS, Singh BB. Prevalence of Brucella species in stray cattle, dogs and cats: A systematic review. Prev Vet Med 2023; 219:106017. [PMID: 37669604 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Stray animals are unowned free roaming, homeless, abandoned, street or sheltered animals, particularly dogs, cats and cattle. They could act as carrier of several zoonotic pathogens such as rabies virus, Mycobacterium and Brucella species. However, comprehensive information on the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in stray animals is very limited. We conducted a systematic review as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle. Eligibility criteria for the study were determined using the PECOS classification (population, exposure, comparison, outcome, study design) as a tool to guide the research and adjust the search strategy. Major bibliographic databases [Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed] were searched using predefined keywords for published epidemiological studies on brucellosis in stray animals (dogs, cats and cattle). Systematic assessments of all the studies since 1990-2022 were conducted and those reporting the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle using appropriate diagnostic tests (culture, molecular, serological) were included. Studies reporting prevalence of brucellosis (Brucella infection or exposure) in kennel dogs, dairy herds, livestock farms, humans or marine species were excluded. The apparent individual test- wise prevalence along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using Epitools. Out of 2689 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of 37 studies, 28 (75.7%) were conducted in stray dogs, 7 (18.9%) in cattle and 2 (5.4%) in cats. Furthermore, only 21.62% studies (8/37) used probabilistic random sampling approaches and 13.51% studies (5/37) explained and justified the study sample size using appropriate methods for estimation of disease prevalence in the study populations. Higher sero-prevalence in stray dogs has been reported in studies conducted in Jordan (38.0% (95% CI: 24.0-54.0) and Pakistan (38.0% (95% CI: 31.0-45.0) whereas no sero-positivity was recorded in the studies conducted in Brazil, North Colombia, Cyprus, South Korea and USA. All studies on brucellosis (n = 7) in stray cattle were from India; conducted in stray cattle reared in cow-shelters. Sero-prevalence in the range of 4.3%- 64.3% was reported in stray cattle. Differences in diagnostic tests and host species, as well as limited number and non-randomized studies and high statistical heterogeneity did not allow us to determine combined meta-analysed prevalence estimates. Stray animals are likely to pose a zoonotic and disease spillover risk to human and livestock populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - R Sharma
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - R S Aulakh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - B B Singh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
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Shao G, Hua R, Song H, Chen Y, Zhu X, Hou W, Li S, Yang A, Yang G. Protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins as vaccine candidates against Echinococcus granulosus in dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011709. [PMID: 37871121 PMCID: PMC10621941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the infection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.), one of the most harmful zoonotic helminths worldwide. Infected dogs are the major source of CE transmission. While praziquantel-based deworming is a main measure employed to control dog infections, its efficacy is at times compromised by the persistent high rate of dog re-infection and the copious discharge of E. granulosus eggs into the environment. Therefore, the dog vaccine is a welcome development, as it offers a substantial reduction in the biomass of E. granulosus. This study aimed to use previous insights into E. granulosus functional genes to further assess the protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins in dogs using a two-time injection vaccination strategy. METHODS We expressed and combined recombinant E. granulosus triosephosphate isomerase (rEgTIM) with annexin B3 (rEgANXB3), adenylate kinase 1 (rEgADK1) with Echinococcus protoscolex calcium binding protein 1 (rEgEPC1), and fatty acid-binding protein (rEgFABP) with paramyosin (rEgA31). Beagle dogs received two subcutaneous vaccinations mixed with Quil-A adjuvant, and subsequently orally challenged with protoscoleces two weeks after booster vaccination. All dogs were sacrificed for counting and measuring E. granulosus tapeworms at 28 days post-infection, and the level of serum IgG was detected by ELISA. RESULTS Dogs vaccinated with rEgTIM&rEgANXB3, rEgADK1&rEgEPC1, and rEgFABP-EgA31 protein groups exhibited significant protectiveness, with a worm reduction rate of 71%, 57%, and 67%, respectively, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the vaccinated groups exhibited an inhibition of worm growth, as evidenced by a reduction in body length and width (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the level of IgG in the vaccinated dogs was significantly higher than that of the control dogs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These verified candidates may be promising vaccines for the prevention of E. granulosus infection in dogs following two injections. The rEgTIM&rEgANXB3 co-administrated vaccine underscored the potential for the highest protective efficacy and superior protection stability for controlling E. granulosus infections in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Shao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hou
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiong Li
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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Ma T, Wang Q, Hao M, Xue C, Wang X, Han S, Wang Q, Zhao J, Ma X, Wu X, Jiang X, Cao L, Yang Y, Feng Y, Gongsang Q, Scheffran J, Fang L, Maude RJ, Zheng C, Ding F, Wu W, Jiang D. Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China: an analysis of a national population-based field survey. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:181. [PMID: 37270512 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are neglected tropical diseases that WHO has prioritized for control in recent years. Both diseases impose substantial burdens on public health and the socio-economy in China. In this study, which is based on the national echinococcosis survey from 2012 to 2016, we aim to describe the spatial prevalence and demographic characteristics of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis infections in humans and assess the impact of environmental, biological and social factors on both types of the disease. METHODS We computed the sex-, age group-, occupation- and education level-specific prevalences of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis at national and sub-national levels. We mapped the geographical distribution of echinococcosis prevalence at the province, city and county levels. Finally, by analyzing the county-level echinococcosis cases combined with a range of associated environmental, biological and social factors, we identified and quantified the potential risk factors for echinococcosis using a generalized linear model. RESULTS A total of 1,150,723 residents were selected and included in the national echinococcosis survey between 2012 and 2016, of whom 4161 and 1055 tested positive for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. Female gender, older age, occupation at herdsman, occupation as religious worker and illiteracy were identified as risk factors for both types of echinococcosis. The prevalence of echinococcosis was found to vary geographically, with areas of high endemicity observed in the Tibetan Plateau region. Cystic echinococcosis prevalence was positively correlated with cattle density, cattle prevalence, dog density, dog prevalence, number of livestock slaughtered, elevation and grass area, and negatively associated with temperature and gross domestic product (GDP). Alveolar echinococcosis prevalence was positively correlated with precipitation, level of awareness, elevation, rodent density and rodent prevalence, and negatively correlated with forest area, temperature and GDP. Our results also implied that drinking water sources are significantly associated with both diseases. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of geographical patterns, demographic characteristics and risk factors of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in China. This important information will contribute towards developing targeted prevention measures and controlling diseases from the public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mengmeng Hao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuizhao Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangshan Zhao
- Xingjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xianglin Wu
- Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Quzhen Gongsang
- Tibet Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jürgen Scheffran
- Institute of Geography, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, 20144, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liqun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Richard James Maude
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Fangyu Ding
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Weiping Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Dong Jiang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, China.
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Wang LY, Qin M, Gavotte L, Wu WP, Cheng X, Lei JX, Yan J, Frutos R. Societal drivers of human echinococcosis in China. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:385. [PMID: 36271415 PMCID: PMC9587573 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and economic development. In China, 370 counties are endemic for echinococcosis. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the most patients and people at risk. Therefore, analyzing the societal factors related to susceptibility to the disease is critical for efficient prevention and control of echinococcosis. METHODS The demographic characteristics and lifestyle of echinococcosis cases were clustered using K-means cluster analysis to determine the main factors of risk of echinococcosis. RESULTS Middle-aged and young people as well as those with a low education level and herdsmen are at risk of contracting echinococcosis. Nomadism, domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment, and drinking heavily polluted natural surface water are the main behavioral risk factors. The cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) cluster analysis focused on female, middle-aged, and young people, winter settlement and summer nomadism, and domestic and feral dogs in the surrounding environment. There were significant differences in lifestyle between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cases and non-Qinghai-Tibet-Plateau cases. CONCLUSION According to the distribution of cases and CE and AE, this study identified the factors of risk of echinococcosis in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and non-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Adapted control techniques appropriate for the various epidemic areas should be established to serve as a reference for echinococcosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Wang
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, China.,Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France
| | - Min Qin
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Laurent Gavotte
- Espace-Dev, UMR 228, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Wei-Ping Wu
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Cheng
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Lei
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centre for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Centre for International Research On Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Roger Frutos
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
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