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Yong Z, Wang K, Bai W, Li Y, Wu M, Han J, Wan Y, Yuan J, Wang L. Different correlation between depressive symptoms and sleep duration on weekdays/weekends among adolescents in Taiyuan, North China. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:79-88. [PMID: 38703906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Chinese adolescents, the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and short sleep duration constitute a serious public health issue. This study investigates the association between depressive symptoms and sleep duration of Chinese adolescents on weekdays as well as weekends. METHODS A multistage random cluster selection was utilized to select 2660 adolescents in Taiyuan, China. The survey contents included demographic characteristics, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS About 41.95 % of students reported depressive symptoms with an average sleep duration of 7.71 ± 0.90 h. After adjusting for covariates, depressive symptoms were found to be positively correlated with sleep duration <6 h (OR = 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.20, 2.95) and 6 ~ h (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.18, 2.20) on weekdays, and sleep duration <6 h (OR = 2.10, 95 % CI: 1.17, 3.79) and 6 ~ hours (OR = 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.16, 2.62) on weekends compared with a sleep duration of 8 ~ hours. Only on weekdays, sleep duration of 7 ~ hours was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.84). On weekends, it was not associated with depressive symptoms (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.82, 1.39). In subgroup analyses, female students (OR = 2.88, 1.97, 1.50) and middle school students (OR = 3.50, 2.07, 1.50) were more likely to experience depressive symptoms on weekdays with a sleep duration of <6 h, 6 ~ hours and 7 ~ hours. LIMITATIONS Sleep duration and depressive symptoms were self-reported measures. CONCLUSION The study highlights that short sleep duration (< 7 h) increases the risk of depressive symptoms among adolescents regardless of weekdays or weekends. Just on weekdays, the sleep duration of 7 ~ hours was a risk factor for depressive symptoms. Further, gender, grade, and the only-child played significant modification effects between depressive symptoms and sleep duration. To conclude, this study will assist in the effective promotion of the education of adolescents' sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Yong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wenlin Bai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Meiqiong Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Han
- Taiyuan Health Care Center of Primary and Middle School, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Center for Early Childhood Development, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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Fentahun S, Takelle GM, Rtbey G, Andualem F, Tinsae T, Nakie G, Melkam M, Tadesse G. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among Ethiopian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076580. [PMID: 38834322 PMCID: PMC11163678 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of depression and its associated factors among high school, college and university students in Ethiopia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, African Journal Online and Google Scholar. The primary articles were searched from 2 April 2023 to 11 May 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational studies such as cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies that reported the prevalence and associated factors of depression among students in Ethiopia were included. Both published and unpublished primary studies were included in this review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two authors independently extracted all the important data using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported it to Stata V.14 for analysis. The statistical heterogeneity among the included articles was assessed by the I2 statistics test. Publication bias was checked using the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS A total of 17 primary studies with 8798 study participants were included in the current study to estimate the combined prevalence of depression. The pooled prevalence of depression among Ethiopian students was 35.52% with a 95% CI (30.54% to 40.51%). Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of depression was higher in Addis Ababa, which was 40.43%, with a 95% CI (28.02% to 52.83%). Female sex, first-year educational level, family history of mental illness, alcohol drinking and parental neglect were significantly associated with depression in this study. CONCLUSION In this review, the overall pooled prevalence of depression among students in Ethiopia was high compared with the general population. Therefore, it is necessary to make more efforts to provide mental healthcare and psychosocial support to students to improve their mental health and decrease the overall burden of depression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023424301.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setegn Fentahun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girmaw Medfu Takelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gidey Rtbey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebresilassie Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Pouravari M, Finet C, Panaghi L, Hosseinian S, Bosmans G. A qualitative exploration of depressed female Iranian adolescents' attachment narratives. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 50:40-48. [PMID: 38789232 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
It is assumed that depressed and suicidal adolescents struggle with issues reflecting insecure attachment. However, less is known about which insecure attachment-related themes characterize depression and suicidality in adolescents. To explore this further, semi-structured in-depth interview were conducted with 18 Iranian female adolescents (Mage = 16.6 ± 0.70), with depression and/or suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, who self-reported being insecurely attached. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified from the data: (1) quality of parenting, (2) attachment representation, and (3) attachment behavior. The theme parenting quality included the subthemes "emotionally absent", "emotionally supportive", "psychologically controlling", "overprotective", "punitive", "aggressive", and "passive". The theme attachment representation comprised: "not accepting", "not feeling loved", "not feeling understood", "lack of intimacy", "unreliable", "reliable", "mixed emotions", "hatred", and "dismiss and devaluation". The theme attachment behavior included "aggression", "relational avoidance", and "emotional role reversal". Findings point to the possible usefulness of attachment-based interventions to treat suicidal adolescents and their families in Iran. However, the results also showed culture-specific themes, pointing at the father-daughter relationship's unique importance, which deserves special attention in attachment-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Pouravari
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Chloë Finet
- Department of School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leili Panaghi
- Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Simin Hosseinian
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Guy Bosmans
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ghanbarzadeh E, Dorosty Motlagh AR, Abbasi B. Association of healthy eating index (2015) with depression and anxiety symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:44. [PMID: 38566258 PMCID: PMC10988820 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of rapid growth, with changes in body composition and cognitive and psychosocial development. Teenagers who eat properly and participate in daily physical activities have a healthy lifestyle. Healthy living promotes optimal growth and performance at school and in the workplace and minimizes the risk of chronic nutrient-related diseases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the healthy eating index (2015) (HEI-2015) and depression and anxiety among Iranian adolescent girls. This cross-sectional study was designed based on the updated version of HEI-2015. The study population consisted of 412 high school girls aged 12-17 years old. Data were collected about the diet, sociodemographic, and anthropometric characteristics of the participants. HEI and anthropometric characteristics of the participants were measured. The depression, anxiety, and stress scale 42 (DASS-42) questionnaire was used to detect adolescents suffering from depression and anxiety. The relationships of the HEI and anthropometric measures with depression and anxiety were also assessed. The results showed that the HEI is inversely correlated with depression and anxiety in Iranian adolescent girls. HEI was greater in the healthy participants than in those suffering from depression and anxiety (P < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dorosty Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnood Abbasi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Obeng-Okon NAS, Opoku DA, Ayisi-Boateng NK, Osarfo J, Amponsah OKO, Ashilevi J, Agyemang S, Bernard F, Addai-Manu H, Mohammed A. Prevalence and correlates of depression among students in a senior high school in Ghana: A school-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241229841. [PMID: 38347848 PMCID: PMC10860490 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241229841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Depression is one of the most widely reported mental health issues that affect adolescents globally. However, there is a dearth of data on its prevalence and associated factors among senior high school students in Ghana, since previous studies have focused more on adult populations. This can hinder policies needed to champion mental health and mental health care in senior high schools. Hence, this study sought to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among senior high school students in Ghana. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study involving 289 students at the Manya Krobo Senior High School was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. The students were selected using a two-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and individual characteristics. The primary outcome was depression, and this was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Summary statistics were presented as means, frequencies, and percentages. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with depression and odds ratios presented with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was considered at p-value < 0.05. Results The mean age of the students was 16.6 (±1.2) with a range of 14-20 years. Over a quarter (26.3%) of the students reported financial difficulties. The prevalence of depression among the students was 68.9%. The factors associated with depression in this study were female sex (adjusted odds ratio: 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.97), age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.81), history of chronic health condition (adjusted odds ratio: 3.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.36-10.25), and financial difficulties (adjusted odds ratio: 2.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-4.63). Conclusion This study shows that depression is rife among students at the Manya Krobo Senior High School, Manya Krobo District, Ghana. These findings call for pragmatic interventions such as strengthening counseling units and professional mental health services to ameliorate the impact of depression on the lives of students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Aninng Opoku
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Allen Clinic, Family Healthcare Services, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nana Kwame Ayisi-Boateng
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph Osarfo
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Health Science, Ho, Ghana
| | - Obed Kwabena Offe Amponsah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Frempong Bernard
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Helena Addai-Manu
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aliyu Mohammed
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Heidari ME, Irvani SSN, Pourhoseingholi MA, Takhtegahi MM, Beyranvand R, Mardanparvar H, Hesami H, Ghavampour N, Hatami H. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among Iranian high school students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:9-20. [PMID: 37858733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among high-school students in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was conducted in the following original databases: PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Psycinfo, and national databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID) and MagIran, from January 1988 through January 2023. Studies that reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among high school students in Iran were included. Two investigators extracted all relevant data independently. For deriving mean prevalence rates, random-effects meta-analyses were used. We assessed the quality of studies by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTS Total of 67 studies (45,798 participants) were included in the syntheses on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. For depressive symptoms, the mean prevalence rate was 48 % (40 %, 55 %). 2804 participants were enrolled for assessing of the prevalence of suicide ideation, and the mean prevalence rate was 21 % (6 %, 36 %). The meta-analysis pooling of the prevalence estimates of suicide attempts was 18 % (15 %, 20 %). CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of the high school students experience depressive symptoms and, astonishingly, one in five high school students experiences suicidal ideation, so to identify strategies for preventing and treating depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors in this special population, further research and policymaking are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
- Department of Public Health, School of Health & Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi
- Department of Health System Research, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Mardanparvar
- Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hesami
- Medical Researcher, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ghavampour
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hatami
- Department of Public Health, School of Health & Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen Z, Ren S, He R, Liang Y, Tan Y, Liu Y, Wang F, Shao X, Chen S, Liao Y, He Y, Li JG, Chen X, Tang J. Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese secondary school students. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:580. [PMID: 37563573 PMCID: PMC10413612 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive and anxiety symptoms affect about one-fourth of Chinese secondary school students. However, the prevalence and correlates of mental distress among secondary school students from Western China remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with demographic, family, school, life, and behavior factors in a large, representative sample of secondary school students in Zigong, a city in Western China. METHODS Secondary school students were recruited using cluster sampling. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Nine-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form were used. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of participants. The clustering effect was adjusted by the "survey" package of R to calculate weighted prevalence. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore associated factors of depression and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS A total of 63,205 participants were involved, in which the weighted prevalence of depression in all subjects was 23.0% (95% CI: 19.6- 27.0%), and the weighted prevalence of anxiety was 13.9% (95% CI: 11.2- 17.0%). Logistic regression results showed girls, being single-child, non-nuclear family, peer bullying, sleep disturbance, and internet gaming disorder symptoms were positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Depressive and anxiety symptoms were prevalent among secondary school students in Western China. Our results can guide policy strategies for the assessment, prevention, and intervention of psychological status among Chinese secondary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Silan Ren
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruini He
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yudiao Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Youguo Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanglan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Guang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB. From fear and vulnerability to fortitude: sustaining psychological well-being in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 53:250-264. [PMID: 38603411 PMCID: PMC9708527 DOI: 10.1177/00812463221137876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the societal increase in mental health disorders during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals were able to cope effectively with new mental health challenges. The heterogeneity in responses to adversity underscores the influence of protective factors in promoting coping behaviour. The current study investigates fortitude as a potential protective resource by examining the potential direct, mediating, and moderating roles of fortitude in the relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, and indices of psychological well-being. Participants (n = 355) were schoolteachers who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Fortitude Questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Path analysis indicated that fortitude had a health-sustaining effect that was evident in its association with all indices of psychological well-being. Fortitude also mediated the relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease and depression, anxiety, and loneliness. In addition, fortitude moderated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression. The significant moderating and mediating effects of fortitude on psychological outcomes support its potential for counterbalancing the negative mental health impacts of COVID-19. Interventions aimed at enhancing fortigenic appraisals of self and others may prove beneficial in promoting psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyrone B Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
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Sherif Y, Azman AZF, Awang H, Mokhtar SA, Mohammadzadeh M, Alimuddin AS. Effectiveness of Life Skills Intervention on Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:42-59. [PMID: 37425380 PMCID: PMC10325125 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents are at a significantly high risk of mental health problems during their lifetime, among which are depression and anxiety, which are the most common. Life skills education is one of the intervention programmes designed to improve mental well-being and strengthen their ability to cope with the daily stresses of life. This review aimed to identify and evaluate the effect of life skills intervention on the reduction of depression, anxiety and stress among children and adolescents. Following the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (PICO) model and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2009 checklist, eight databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were systematically reviewed from 2012 to 2020. The search was limited to English papers only. It included published experimental and quasi-experimental studies addressing the effect of life skills interventions on the reduction of at least one of the following mental health disorders: depression, anxiety and stress among children and adolescents (from the age of 5 years old to 18 years old). We used the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for experimental and quasi-experimental studies to evaluate the quality of the included studies. This study was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42021256603]. The search identified only 10 studies (three experimental and seven quasi-experimental) from 2,160 articles. The number of the participants was 6,714 aged between 10 years old and 19 years old. Three studies in this review focused on depression and anxiety, whereas one study investigated depression and the other anxiety. Three studies targeted only stress and two examined the three outcomes, namely, depression, anxiety and stress. Almost in all studies, the life skills intervention positively impacted mental disorders, considering the differences among males and females. The overall methodological quality of the findings was deemed to be moderate to high. Our results clearly indicated the advantages of life skills programmes among adolescents in different settings and contexts. Nonetheless, the results highlight some important policy implications by emphasising the crucial roles of developers and policymakers in the implementation of appropriate modules and activities. Further research examining life skills intervention with a cultural, gender perspective, age-appropriate and long-term effect is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Sherif
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidin Awang
- Psychiatry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aisha Mokhtar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marjan Mohammadzadeh
- Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aisha Siddiqah Alimuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fernandes MDSV, Mendonça CR, da Silva TMV, Noll PRES, de Abreu LC, Noll M. Relationship between depression and quality of life among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6715. [PMID: 37185375 PMCID: PMC10126541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this systematic review were to estimate the prevalence of depression and to identify the relationship between depression and quality of life (QOL) among high school and university students. Literature search was performed in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL and Web of Science databases, following the PRISMA methodology. The results were presented through descriptive approaches and meta-analysis. Thirty-six studies met the eligibility criteria, and twenty-six were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27% (95% CI 0.21-0.33) among students, being high school and university students was 25% (95% CI 0.14-0.37) and 27% (95% CI 0.20-0.34), respectively, and most studies have shown that depression was associated with low QOL. Among the limitations of the study is the difficulty of generalizing the results found, considering the large sample of health students. New studies should be conducted considering the severity, duration, and patterns of depressive symptoms in high school and university students, to better understand the relationship between depression and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele da Silva Valadão Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil.
- Rede Estadual e Municipal de Educação de São Luís de Montes Belos, Ceres, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Priscilla Rayanne E Silva Noll
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matias Noll
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, GO-154, Km 03, Ceres, Goiás, 76300-000, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Mokaya AG, Kikuvi GM, Mutai J, Khasakhala LI, Memiah P. Predictors of depression among adolescents joining selected public secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aggrey G. Mokaya
- Training Programs, Graduate School Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
- Environmental Health Research Unit Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya
| | - Gideon M. Kikuvi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya
| | - Joseph Mutai
- Training Programs, Graduate School Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
- Environmental Health Research Unit Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya
| | | | - Peter Memiah
- Masters in Global Health Program University of Maryland Graduate School Baltimore Maryland USA
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High School Students' Depression Literacy about Interventions and Prevention: A Survey in Tehran. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2023; 2023:8540614. [PMID: 36911096 PMCID: PMC10005867 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8540614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Given the high prevalence of depressive disorders in the present world and the lack of adequate awareness about prevention and appropriate interventions, increasing mental health literacy is vital for promoting mental health to reduce depression and its consequences. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, participants were recruited among the second high school students in the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample size was 2038, and samples were selected by multistage cluster sampling from different areas of Tehran. Demographic variables like age, gender, level of education, and parents' characteristics and mental health literacy questions in treatment and prevention areas were evaluated. Results Analyses showed that of high school students, 83% considered getting help from psychiatrists and 80% considered learning stress management as the best preventive measures, while as the best treatment measures, 79.5% considered counseling the best place to refer for visiting a professional and 45% selected general counseling centers. Conclusion The study results showed that high school students have a positive attitude toward preventing and treating depressive disorders, getting help from specialists, and useful measures for depressed people. But they did not know enough about preventive measures, including learning effective coping skills, reading self-help books, and continuing to take psychiatric medications. Planning and providing the necessary training are important, especially for high school students.
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Tadesse A, Huang J. Women's Participation in a Savings Group and Depression: a Community-Based Financial Capability Intervention in Mozambique. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2022; 10:49-59. [PMID: 36337380 PMCID: PMC9628344 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-022-00251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Background As one of the fastest growing community-based financial capability approaches, village savings and loan group (VSLG) is an organized group and formal entity that creates opportunities for participants to save and access financial assets. VSLG has potentially positive impacts on increasing women's financial resources and social support and further improves their mental health. Participation in a VSLG not only increases women's opportunities for asset-building and income generation, but also facilitates trust and promotes social capital development. However, few studies have examined the association between the VSLG participation and women's depression status. To fill the knowledge gap, we examined the association between the VSLG participation and depressive symptoms among low-income women in Mozambique. Methods The data was collected as part of the VSLG program evaluation. The study applied a posttest-only comparison group quasi-experimental design and sampled female VSLG participants and non-participants from three sub-villages in the Sofala province, Mozambique. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed, and a total of 205 women were randomly selected, including 105 VSLG participants and 100 non-participants. Depressive symptoms were measured using the short version of the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) with a summative score ranging from 7 to 28. Using the cutoff value at a score of 14, we created a dichotomous depression indicator. Linear and logit models were used to examine the associations of the VSLG participation and the participation duration with the depression score and the presence of depression controlling for demographic variables. Results The VSLG participants had a statistically lower mean depression score of 12.2 (SD = 4.4) compared to non-participants (15.0, SD = 4.0, p < .001). The regression analysis suggested that the VSLG participants had a mean depression score of 2.7 lower than the non-participants (p < .001). Nearly 60% of the non-participants reported the presence of depression; however, this percentage is 31% for participants (p < .001). The multivariate logit model indicated the odds of the presence of depression for participants are .34 of that for non-participants. Similar results were obtained when the VSLG program duration was used as an independent variable. Conclusions Study findings showed a positive association between the VSLG participation and women's mental health. Future research should further explore the intervention mechanisms and assess how the VSLG participation affects women's mental health. Findings also provided important insights into developing community-based financial capability interventions to improve low-income women's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweke Tadesse
- Saint Louis University, 3550 Lindell Blvd., Tegeler Hall 309, St. Louis, MO 63103 USA
| | - Jin Huang
- Saint Louis University, 3550 Lindell Blvd., Tegeler Hall 309, St. Louis, MO 63103 USA
- Center for Social Development, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112 USA
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The prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among tertiary level students in Bangladesh: A survey in Rajshahi district. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gupta K, Semwal J, Sharma N, Srivastava A, Vyas S. Do social phobia and depression go hand in hand? A cross-sectional study among school-going adolescents of Northern region of India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:321. [PMID: 36568011 PMCID: PMC9768701 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1805_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preeminent mental health conditions, namely social phobia and depression among adolescents, usually remain incognito. The transition period from childhood to adulthood makes adolescents more liable for low amour-propre, loneliness, and even increases the suicidal tendencies among them. To burgeon the knowledge regarding social phobia and depression among adolescents, the present study was put forward with the objective to assess the prevalence of social anxiety disorders (social phobia) and depression among adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 months on 600 students aged 10-19 years belonging to classes VIII-XII of government and private schools in the Dehradun district recruited through multistage random sampling technique. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire having sociodemographic details, validated self-administered tools, Social Phobia Inventory tool, and Kutchers Adolescent Depression Scale (Cronbach's alpha: 0.77 and 0.79) were used. Statistical package for social sciences, version 23 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for analysis. RESULTS Prevalence of social phobia was found to be 37% among school-going adolescents. Further, 23.7% of the study participants had mild social phobia, while moderate and severe phobia was seen among 11.5% and 2.3%, respectively. Females had more moderate and severe social phobia than males. Adolescents of government schools had more moderate affective distress and somatic distress as compared to adolescents of private schools. CONCLUSION Social phobia and depression among school-going adolescents are on the upsurge. The present study shows that social phobia and depression have a strong correlation among themselves, which needs to be addressed as expeditiously as possible. Coping strategies and social skill therapy and programs are pressing priorities for the fulgent future of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Gupta
- Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jayanti Semwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shaili Vyas
- Department of Community Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Hu Y, Deng F, Zhang L, Hu K, Liu S, Zhong S, Yang J, Zeng X, Peng X. Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Gliomas: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164811. [PMID: 36013047 PMCID: PMC9410515 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with gliomas, depression is a common complication that may cause severe psychological barriers and deteriorate the patient’s quality of life (QoL). Currently, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is the most commonly used tool to diagnose depression in patients with gliomas. Female sex, unmarried status, low education level, high tumor grade, and a history of mental illness may increase the risks of depression and depressive symptoms in patients with gliomas. The QoL of patients with gliomas can be directly reduced by depression. Therefore, the evaluation and intervention of mood disorders could improve the overall QoL of patients with gliomas. Antidepressant use has become a treatment strategy for patients with gliomas and comorbid depression. This narrative review summarizes the current issues related to depression in patients with gliomas, including the prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria of depression as well as changes in QoL caused by comorbid depression and antidepressant use. The purpose of this review is to guide clinicians to assess the psychological status of patients with gliomas and to provide clinicians and oncologists with a new treatment strategy to improve the prognosis of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 238 Shangmayuanling Lane, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lupeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jishou University School of Medicine, 120 Renmin South Road, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Keyue Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Suye Zhong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Xiaomin Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 238 Shangmayuanling Lane, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaoning Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410006, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jishou University School of Medicine, 120 Renmin South Road, Jishou 416000, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.P.)
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Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire: Investigating Psychometric Properties in Iranian Female Students. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7210221. [PMID: 35647196 PMCID: PMC9132660 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7210221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is an important factor in promoting mental health. Assessing this structure is required for early recognition and intervention in mental health problems. To date, there was no tool to assess it among Iranian adolescents, so this study was aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (AMHLQ) among Iranian female students. Method The study instrument was a Persian version of the AMHLQ prepared through a translation and back-translation process. In this cross-sectional study, 275 female students completed the AMHLQ, and the Adolescent Strengths, and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results Findings of content, construct validity tests, Cronbach's alpha, and split-half coefficient demonstrated that the AMHLQ had satisfactory validity and suitable reliability. The exploratory factor analysis showed four dimensions of the AMHLQ: (1) knowledge of mental health problems (α = 0.89); (2) erroneous beliefs/stereotypes (α = 0.89); (3) help-seeking and first aid skills (α = 0.86); and (4) self-help strategies (α = 0.74). Conclusion The findings showed that the tool was confirmed by questions and subscales, and this questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool in assessing level differences of MHL and in determining the impact of programs designed to improve MHL in Iranian female adolescents.
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Karimi A, Yadegari N, Sarokhani D, Fakhri M, Dehkordi AH. Prevalence of Depression in Iranian School Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:110. [PMID: 34760121 PMCID: PMC8551795 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_312_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the major psychiatric disorders in the world. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among Iranian school students through a meta-analysis. Methods: All national and international information databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, Medlib were searched. The search phase was performed without language and time restrictions, but the searched studies were all in Persian and English, and the sources were updated by 03.08.2020. As the selected studies had high heterogeneity, the random effects model was used. Results: In 51 studies with a sample of 537144 people, the prevalence of depression in Iranian school students was 37% (95%CI: 32, 42). In addition, the prevalence of depression in girl school students was 45% (95%CI: 25-65) and in boys was 28% (95%CI: 20-35). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe depression in school students is 31%, 18% and 11%, respectively. Also, the prevalence of depression in primary school students was 12%, middle school students 32%, high school students 47% and pre-university students 46%. Conclusions: About a third of Iranian school students suffer from some degree of depression, and the prevalence of depression in girls is about twice that of boys. The prevalence of mild depression among school students is higher than moderate and severe depression. On the other hand, the prevalence of depression in school students from primary to pre-university level is increasing, which is very worrying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Karimi
- M.sc. in Health Services Management, Lecture, School of Public Health, Social Determinates of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Nourollah Yadegari
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Shahid Mostafa Khomaeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Diana Sarokhani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Moloud Fakhri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of allied medical sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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AlAzzam M, Abuhammad S, Tawalbeh L, Dalky H. Prevalence and Correlates of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality Among High School Students: A National Study. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 59:43-51. [PMID: 34110946 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210426-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidality and their correlated factors among high school students in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional correlational research design was used. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires completed by students attending high schools in Jordan. Data show that anxiety and depression are prevalent among adolescents and are associated with higher risk of suicide and disease prevalence. Twenty-seven percent of the variance in suicidality is explained by anxiety and depression. This finding indicates that the most significant predictor of suicidality is anxiety and depression among high school students. Results show that mental health issues are a genuine general health issue among high school students. Health care professionals should routinely screen for mental health problems among young people. Mental health and well-being advancement programs should be coordinated and directed by all parties involved in youth mental health. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(8), 43-51.].
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Mehdipour A, Abedi P, Ansari S, Dastoorpoor M. The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:737-742. [PMID: 34013673 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of depression. Depression may negatively affect the quality of life of women. An emotional freedom technique (EFT) is an evidence-based therapy combining cognitive and exposure components with acupressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EFT on depression in postmenopausal women. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial in which 88 women with mild to moderate depression recruited from a menopausal clinic in Ahvaz, Iran, and randomly assigned into two groups of EFT (n=44) and control for sham therapy (n=44). Women in the EFT group received two sessions of training and asked to continue EFT for 8 weeks, one time per day. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI2) completed by women before and after the intervention. The control group received training on sham acupressure points similar to the intervention group. Data collected using a demographic and BDI2. Women requested to complete the BDI2 before and after the intervention. The independent t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA were used to analyze data. RESULTS The mean depression score in the intervention group reduced from 20.93 ± 4.6 to 10.96 ± 4.38 in comparison to the control group that reduced from 19.18 ± 2.79 to 17.01 ± 6.05 after intervention (p=0.001). After the 8 week intervention, the frequency of moderate depression decreased from 56.8 to 9.35% in the intervention and from 50 to 29.5% in the control group. In total, 63.4 and 34.15% in the intervention and control groups were free of depression respectively after the intervention (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that using EFT for 8 weeks could significantly reduce the mean score of depression in postmenopausal women. Using this method in public health centers for postmenopausal women is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Mehdipour
- Midwifery Department, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Abedi
- Midwifery Department, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ansari
- Midwifery Department, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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AlAzzam MM, AL-Sagarat AY, Abdel Razeq NM, Alsaraireh FA. Depression and anxiety among school adolescent females: A national study from Jordan. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/01430343211017181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are major mental health concerns among adolescent females within the school community and inflect many implications for psychological service providers in schools. The aims of this descriptive correlational study are to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among high school adolescent females in Jordan, and to determine the contributing factors associated with depression and anxiety. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from a clustered stratified sample of 405 high school females attending public schools in Jordan. Severe levels of depression and anxiety were reported by 25.7% and 21% of high school adolescent females, respectively. Education challenges and having a history of health problems contributed to having higher levels of depression and anxiety among the high school adolescent females. School mental health services regarding adolescent females mental health should be activated and supported through policies and legislation in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M. AlAzzam
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
- Mental Health and Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Y. AL-Sagarat
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mutah University, AL-Karak, Jordan
- Mental Health and Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan
| | - Nadin M. Abdel Razeq
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Mental Health and Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan
| | - Faris A. Alsaraireh
- Mental Health and Community Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan
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Islam MS, Rahman ME, Moonajilin MS, van Os J. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247898. [PMID: 33793610 PMCID: PMC8016317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13-18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination. RESULTS The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81-5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01-3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11-17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15-16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18-6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24-3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01-17.38, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Estiar Rahman
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Sabrina Moonajilin
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Anjum A, Hossain S, Hasan MT, Alin SI, Uddin ME, Sikder MT. Depressive Symptom and Associated Factors Among School Adolescents of Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Areas in Bangladesh: A Scenario Prior to COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:708909. [PMID: 34650452 PMCID: PMC8505799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptom and the factors associated with this condition among urban, semi-urban and rural adolescents in the Dhaka district of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study using two stage cluster sampling procedure was performed. A self-administered questionnaire was conveyed to 2,355 adolescents from nine secondary schools of Dhaka district of Bangladesh. Of the respondents, 2,313 completed the nine item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Besides, sociodemographic information, self-reported body image as well as modification of Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and WHO Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ) were used to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with depressive symptom among adolescents. Results: A total of 30.1% adolescents were found to be suffering from moderate to severely severe depressive symptom. Females (60.8%) were found suffering significantly more than males (39.2%). Sociodemographic factors, for example, residential setting and family size were found significantly associated with depressive symptom among adolescents. Adjusted estimate of logistic regression shows that physical inactivity (AOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.14-1.84), >2 h/day screen time (AOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.39-2.03), sleep dissatisfaction (AOR: 3.23; 95% CI: 2.64-3.96), and underweight body image perception (AOR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.70-3.13) were significantly associated with depressive symptom among adolescents. Conclusions: Among urban, semi-urban and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh, depressive symptom is quite prevalent. To lessen the spread of depressive symptom among Bangladeshi adolescents, urgent steps should therefore be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Anjum
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Tasdik Hasan
- Jeeon Bangladesh Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Public Health Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayma Islam Alin
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Elias Uddin
- Department of English, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Bhattarai D, Shrestha N, Paudel S. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among higher secondary school adolescents of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e044042. [PMID: 33384401 PMCID: PMC7780534 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adolescents attending higher secondary schools in the Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal. DESIGN A cross-sectional study design was adopted. SETTING Four randomly selected higher secondary schools of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal. PARTICIPANTS 312 randomly sampled higher secondary school students. METHODS The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess the level of depression among students. The data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage. χ2 test and unadjusted OR (UOR) were calculated to assess the statistical relationship between depression and various variables at 95% CI, with level of significance at p<0.05. RESULTS The study found a high prevalence of depression among high school students, with more than two-fifths (44.2%) of students having depression. Furthermore, almost a quarter (25.3%) of the students were noted to have mild depression and 18.9% of the students expressed major depression. Students who had low perceived social support (UOR: 3.604; 95% CI 2.088 to 6.220), did not share their problems with anyone (UOR: 1.931; 95% CI 1.228 to 3.038) and had low self-esteem (UOR: 5.282; 95% CI 2.994 to 9.319) were at higher odds of being depressed. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of depression was observed among high school students. It was also observed that students' level of perceived social support, self-esteem and help-seeking behaviour are somehow related to their mental well-being. Hence, improving social support and self-esteem may alleviate depression and mental distress among these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhattarai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Nisha Shrestha
- Pokhara Nursing Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Shishir Paudel
- Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Dietary antioxidants and fibre intake and depressive symptoms in Iranian adolescent girls. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:5650-5656. [PMID: 33256873 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cross-sectional association between dietary intakes of antioxidants and fibre and depressive symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls. DESIGN A cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Primary schools in two different cities located in northeastern Iran (Mashhad and Sabzevar). PARTICIPANTS A total of 988 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years were included in the study. RESULTS Subjects with no or minimal depression symptoms had significantly higher dietary intakes of α-carotene (P = 0·01), β-carotene (P = 0·006), lutein (P = 0·03) and vitamin C (P = 0·04) when compared with subjects with mild-to-severe depression symptoms. Soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre intakes were also significantly higher in healthy adolescents compared with those with depression symptoms (P < 0·001). In multivariate-adjusted model 2, the OR (95 % CI) of depressive symptoms were 0·61 (95 % CI 0·37, 1·01), 0·42 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·69), 0·50 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·79), 0·71 (95 % CI 0·44, 1·15), 0·51 (95 % CI 0·32, 0·82) and 0·42 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·68) for the highest v. lowest quartile of vitamin C, β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre cereal intakes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of some antioxidants and dietary fibre intake was inversely associated with depression symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls.
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Bhatt KB, Apidechkul T, Srichan P, Bhatt N. Depressive symptoms among orphans and vulnerable adolescents in childcare homes in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:466. [PMID: 32977787 PMCID: PMC7517808 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orphans and vulnerable adolescents (OVAs) living in child care homes (CCHs) are vulnerable to depressive symptoms due to a poor environment and a lack of receiving good care and love from their parents. This study aimed to estimate the presence of depressive symptoms and determine factors associated with it among OVAs living in CCHs in Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the information from OVAs aged 13-17 years living in 22 CCHs from five districts of Nepal. The CCHs were selected by a simple random method. A validated questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to assess depressive symptoms among the participants. Those with mild to severe BDI-II scores were defined as having clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to detect associations between variables at the significance level α = 0.05. RESULTS A total of 602 adolescents participated in the study; 51.0% were females, the average age was 14.7 years, and 32.2% were members of indigenous groups. The overall presence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms was 33.2%. After controlling for all potential confounding factors, five factors were found to be associated with depress among OVAs. Females were 1.96 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than males (95% CI = 1.36-2.83). Those adolescents who used alcohol were 3.42 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who did not (95% CI = 1.16-10.12). Those who had health problems were 2.00 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who did not (95% CI = 1.36-2.94). Those who had low social support were 1.81 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who had high social support (95% CI = 1.08-3.03), and those who had been bullied were 1.97 times more likely to develop depressive symptoms than those who were not bullied (95% CI = 1.23-3.15). CONCLUSION The magnitude of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in adolescents living in CCHs was found to be high in Nepal. There is an urgent need for effective intervention to curtail this problem among OVAs in CCHs in Nepal, with a focus on females, alcohol users, those with physical health problems and with less social support, and those who are bullied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Bandana Bhatt
- grid.411554.00000 0001 0180 5757Shool of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand ,grid.500537.4Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Shool of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | - Peeradone Srichan
- grid.411554.00000 0001 0180 5757Shool of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand ,grid.411554.00000 0001 0180 5757Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Navin Bhatt
- Bayalpata Hospital (Nyaya Health Nepal / Possible), Achham, Sanfebagar, Nepal
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Antolín-Suárez L, Nieto-Casado FJ, Rodríguez-Meirinhos A, Oliva A. Demographic, Social, and Economic Factors of Internalizing Problems in Referred and Non-Referred Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145195. [PMID: 32708506 PMCID: PMC7400111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are common internalizing problems during adolescence. Numerous studies have explored the role of certain demographic, social, and economic factors in their development in referred or non-referred adolescents, but not simultaneously in both groups. In this study, we examined the association between age, gender, parents’ educational level, and socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in a referred group (n = 211) and a non-referred (n = 1401) group of adolescents. We also examined the moderating role that these factors play in the relationships between both internalizing problems. The results showed: higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the referred group; an increase in both problems during early-to-middle adolescence in the non-referred group; an association between low SES and suicidal ideation in both groups; an association between low father’s education level and depressive symptoms in the non-referred group; and no gender differences in either of these two internalizing problems. The moderation analyses showed that age, in referred adolescents, and SES, in non-referred adolescents, moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. This study contributes to the identification of groups of vulnerable adolescents that could constitute the target populations of preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Antolín-Suárez
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (A.O.)
| | - Francisco J. Nieto-Casado
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-554-331
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Meirinhos
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Oliva
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (A.O.)
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Gao H, Huang C, Zhao K, Chen X, Zhang X, Deng Y, Liu Z, Duan DD. Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanism by Which Depression Affects Bone Metabolism. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:738-746. [PMID: 32077753 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chenyi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaili Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yaoge Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zongchao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - D D Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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AlShamlan NA, AlShamlan RA, AlShamlan AA, AlOmar RS, AlAmer NA, Darwish MA, Sebiany AM. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among clinical-year medical students in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Postgrad Med J 2020; 96:343-348. [PMID: 32303582 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence of depression among medical students in their clinical years (fourth, fifth, and sixth years) in a government university in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, and its association with the students' sociodemographic characteristics, academic factors, perceived health problems and their perceived readiness to their future specialties. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 527 clinical-year medical students. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and questionnaire designed by the researchers to collect data on sociodemographic and academic variables were used as research instruments. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata Statistical Software V.15. Descriptive statistics, the χ test, and both an ordered logistic regression and a binary logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was found to be 39.27%, according to the results of the PHQ-9. Both the ordered logistic regression and the binary logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds of severe depression were high among women, and students who perceived that they were not yet ready for their future specialties. The more senior the medical students were, the less likely it is that they have severe depression. A similar association was found for students who perceived that they did not have psychological problems. However, students' grade point average was not statistically significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression was high among the medical students examined. Policy makers should establish screening programmes, provide counselling for students who need it and deliver early interventions in detected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A AlShamlan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Reem S AlOmar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheel A AlAmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy A Darwish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Sebiany
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Janatolmakan M, Andaieshgar B, Aryan A, Jafari F, Khatony A. Comparison of Depression Rate Between the First- and Final-Year Nursing Students in Kermanshah, Iran. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 12:1147-1153. [PMID: 31920411 PMCID: PMC6935301 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s238873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression can affect nursing students' quality of life, academic performance, and clinical self-efficacy and may interfere with their relationship with patients. The purpose of this study was to compare of depression rate between the first- and final-year nursing students in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods In this descriptive-analytical study, 60 first-year and 42 last-year nursing students were enrolled. The participants were chosen using the census sampling method. The data collection tool was Beck's Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results In our study, 61.7% (n = 37) of the first year and 38.1% (n = 16) of the last year students had varying degrees of depression. The rate of depression was significantly higher in first-year students than last-year students (p = 0.013). Discussion Given the relatively high rate of depression among nursing students, the need for targeted planning to control their mental health, especially in the first year of study, is of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Janatolmakan
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahare Andaieshgar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Aryan
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faranak Jafari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Khatony
- Health Institute, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Moeini B, Bashirian S, Soltanian AR, Ghaleiha A, Taheri M. Examining the Effectiveness of a Web-Based Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in Female Adolescents: Applying Social Cognitive Theory. J Res Health Sci 2019; 19:e00454. [PMID: 31586376 PMCID: PMC7183555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a serious mental health illness among adolescents especially girls. Web-based treatment can possibly become a solution for reducing mental health problems in adolescents. This study is one of the first trials aimed to evaluate the efficiency of web-based depression improvement program among female adolescents based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). STUDY DESIGN Randomized Controlled Trial. METHODS A six-month randomized controlled trial based on the SCT was implemented in female schools in Hamadan City, west of Iran in 2018 on 128 female students with mild to moderate depressive symptoms (CES-D =10-45). They were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group (n= 64 in each group). Depression improvement program was implemented through the website via short videos, animations and Power-Point slides. Depression was evaluated using Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the sheerer and Perceived-Social-Support-Scale-Revised (PSSS-R) questionnaires were used to evaluate the SCT constructs. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS The intervention program resulted in the improvement of depression in 12 wk based on Intent-to-treat analyses. Nevertheless, these achievements seem to have decreased by 24 wk in intervention group. The intervention increased the mean scores of the constructs of social support and self-regulation from baseline to 12 wk in the intervention group (P<0.05). The intervention had no effect on outcome expectations and self-efficacy. There were no statistically significant associated between theory constructs changes and changes in depression (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The web-based intervention improved depression in female students. Future training using strategies for the sustainable improvement of depression in female students are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Moeini
- 1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran .,2Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- 1Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran .,2Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- 3Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,4Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- 5Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Malihe Taheri
- 2Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,Correspondence : Malihe Taheri (MSc) Tel: +989188070319 31 E-mail:
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