1
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Fiorenza S, Zheng Y, Purushe J, Bock TJ, Sarthy J, Janssens DH, Sheih AS, Kimble EL, Kirchmeier D, Phi TD, Gauthier J, Hirayama AV, Riddell SR, Wu Q, Gottardo R, Maloney DG, Yang JYH, Henikoff S, Turtle CJ. Histone marks identify novel transcription factors that parse CAR-T subset-of-origin, clinical potential and expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8309. [PMID: 39333103 PMCID: PMC11436946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has revolutionised blood cancer treatment. Parsing the genetic underpinnings of T cell quality and CAR-T efficacy is challenging. Transcriptomics inform CAR-T state, but the nature of dynamic transcription during activation hinders identification of transiently or minimally expressed genes, such as transcription factors, and over-emphasises effector and metabolism genes. Here we explore whether analyses of transcriptionally repressive and permissive histone methylation marks describe CAR-T cell functional states and therapeutic potential beyond transcriptomic analyses. Histone mark analyses improve identification of differences between naïve, central memory, and effector memory CD8 + T cell subsets of human origin, and CAR-T derived from these subsets. We find important differences between CAR-T manufactured from central memory cells of healthy donors and of patients. By examining CAR-T products from a clinical trial in lymphoma (NCT01865617), we find a novel association between the activity of the transcription factor KLF7 with in vivo CAR-T accumulation in patients and demonstrate that over-expression of KLF7 increases in vitro CAR-T proliferation and IL-2 production. In conclusion, histone marks provide a rich dataset for identification of functionally relevant genes not apparent by transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fiorenza
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Y Zheng
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Purushe
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T J Bock
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Sarthy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D H Janssens
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - A S Sheih
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E L Kimble
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Kirchmeier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T D Phi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Gauthier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A V Hirayama
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S R Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Gottardo
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D G Maloney
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Cente, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Y H Yang
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Henikoff
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C J Turtle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
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2
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Cao C, Xu M, Wei Y, Peng T, Lin S, Liu X, Xu Y, Chu T, Liu S, Wu P, Hu B, Ding W, Li L, Ma D, Wu P. CXCR4 orchestrates the TOX-programmed exhausted phenotype of CD8 + T cells via JAK2/STAT3 pathway. CELL GENOMICS 2024:100659. [PMID: 39317187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical trials suggests that CXCR4 antagonists enhance immunotherapy effectiveness in several cancers. However, the specific mechanisms through which CXCR4 contributes to immune cell phenotypes are not fully understood. Here, we employed single-cell transcriptomic analysis and identified CXCR4 as a marker gene in T cells, with CD8+PD-1high exhausted T (Tex) cells exhibiting high CXCR4 expression. By blocking CXCR4, the Tex phenotype was attenuated in vivo. Mechanistically, CXCR4-blocking T cells mitigated the Tex phenotype by regulating the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Single-cell RNA/TCR/ATAC-seq confirmed that Cxcr4-deficient CD8+ T cells epigenetically mitigated the transition from functional to exhausted phenotypes. Notably, clinical sample analysis revealed that CXCR4+CD8+ T cells showed higher expression in patients with a non-complete pathological response. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the mechanism by which CXCR4 orchestrates CD8+ Tex cells and provide a rationale for combining CXCR4 antagonists with immunotherapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhui Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Miaochun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ye Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shitong Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yashi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tian Chu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bai Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430199, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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3
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Krsek A, Ostojic L, Zivalj D, Baticic L. Navigating the Neuroimmunomodulation Frontier: Pioneering Approaches and Promising Horizons-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9695. [PMID: 39273641 PMCID: PMC11396210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The research in neuroimmunomodulation aims to shed light on the complex relationships that exist between the immune and neurological systems and how they affect the human body. This multidisciplinary field focuses on the way immune responses are influenced by brain activity and how neural function is impacted by immunological signaling. This provides important insights into a range of medical disorders. Targeting both brain and immunological pathways, neuroimmunomodulatory approaches are used in clinical pain management to address chronic pain. Pharmacological therapies aim to modulate neuroimmune interactions and reduce inflammation. Furthermore, bioelectronic techniques like vagus nerve stimulation offer non-invasive control of these systems, while neuromodulation techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation modify immunological and neuronal responses to reduce pain. Within the context of aging, neuroimmunomodulation analyzes the ways in which immunological and neurological alterations brought on by aging contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative illnesses. Restoring neuroimmune homeostasis through strategies shows promise in reducing age-related cognitive decline. Research into mood disorders focuses on how immunological dysregulation relates to illnesses including anxiety and depression. Immune system fluctuations are increasingly recognized for their impact on brain function, leading to novel treatments that target these interactions. This review emphasizes how interdisciplinary cooperation and continuous research are necessary to better understand the complex relationship between the neurological and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea Krsek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Leona Ostojic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dorotea Zivalj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Baticic
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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4
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Wang X, Zhang J, Zhong P, Wei X. Exhaustion of T cells after renal transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1418238. [PMID: 39165360 PMCID: PMC11333218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1418238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the challenge of transplant rejection and the complications associated with immunosuppressants necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying immune mechanisms. T cell exhaustion, a state characterized by impaired effector functions and sustained expression of inhibitory receptors, plays a dual role in renal transplantation. While moderate T cell exhaustion can aid in graft acceptance by regulating alloreactive T cell responses, excessive exhaustion may impair the recipient's ability to control viral infections and tumors, posing significant health risks. Moreover, drugs targeting T cell exhaustion to promote graft tolerance and using immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment in transplant recipients are areas deserving of further attention and research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes in T cell exhaustion levels after renal transplantation and their implications for graft survival and patient outcomes. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying T cell exhaustion, the role of specific exhaustion markers, the potential impact of immunosuppressive therapies, and the pharmaceutical intervention on T cell exhaustion levels. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential to modulate T cell exhaustion favorably, enhancing graft survival. Future research should focus on the distinctions of T cell exhaustion across different immune states and subsets, as well as the interactions between exhausted T cells and other immune cells. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing transplant outcomes and ensuring long-term graft survival while maintaining immune competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujia Wang
- Department of 1st Urology Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Pingshan Zhong
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiuwang Wei
- Department of 1st Urology Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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5
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Kim H, Park HH, Kim HN, Seo D, Hong KS, Jang JG, Seo EU, Kim IY, Jeon SY, Son B, Cho SW, Kim W, Ahn JH, Lee W. The TOX-RAGE axis mediates inflammatory activation and lung injury in severe pulmonary infectious diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319322121. [PMID: 38900789 PMCID: PMC11214053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319322121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte selection-associated high-mobility group box (TOX) is a transcription factor that is crucial for T cell exhaustion during chronic antigenic stimulation, but its role in inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we report that TOX extracellularly mediates drastic inflammation upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by binding to the cell surface receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). In various diseases, including COVID-19, TOX release was highly detectable in association with disease severity, contributing to lung fibroproliferative acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recombinant TOX-induced blood vessel rupture, similar to a clinical signature in patients experiencing a cytokine storm, further exacerbating respiratory function impairment. In contrast, disruption of TOX function by a neutralizing antibody and genetic removal of RAGE diminished TOX-mediated deleterious effects. Altogether, our results suggest an insight into TOX function as an inflammatory mediator and propose the TOX-RAGE axis as a potential target for treating severe patients with pulmonary infection and mitigating lung fibroproliferative ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelim Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Korea Institute of Science and Technology School), Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-Korea Institute of Science and Technology Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Hong
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Geol Jang
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun U Seo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology (Korea Institute of Science and Technology School), Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul02504, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Jeon
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul02504, Republic of Korea
| | - June Hong Ahn
- Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University and Regional Center for Respiratory Diseases, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
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6
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Liukang C, Zhao J, Tian J, Huang M, Liang R, Zhao Y, Zhang G. Deciphering infected cell types, hub gene networks and cell-cell communication in infectious bronchitis virus via single-cell RNA sequencing. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012232. [PMID: 38743760 PMCID: PMC11125504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus that infects chickens, which exhibits a broad tropism for epithelial cells, infecting the tracheal mucosal epithelium, intestinal mucosal epithelium, and renal tubular epithelial cells. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we systematically examined cells in renal, bursal, and tracheal tissues following IBV infection and identified tissue-specific molecular markers expressed in distinct cell types. We evaluated the expression of viral RNA in diverse cellular populations and subsequently ascertained that distal tubules and collecting ducts within the kidney, bursal mucosal epithelial cells, and follicle-associated epithelial cells exhibit susceptibility to IBV infection through immunofluorescence. Furthermore, our findings revealed an upregulation in the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines IL18 and IL1B in renal macrophages as well as increased expression of apoptosis-related gene STAT in distal tubules and collecting duct cells upon IBV infection leading to renal damage. Cell-to-cell communication unveiled potential interactions between diverse cell types, as well as upregulated signaling pathways and key sender-receiver cell populations after IBV infection. Integrating single-cell data from all tissues, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules that are specifically expressed in different cell populations. Based on the WGCNA results, we identified seven immune-related gene modules and determined the differential expression pattern of module genes, as well as the hub genes within these modules. Our comprehensive data provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of IBV as well as avian antiviral immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyin Liukang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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7
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Kim MC, De U, Borcherding N, Wang L, Paek J, Bhattacharyya I, Yu Q, Kolb R, Drashansky T, Thatayatikom A, Zhang W, Cha S. Single-cell transcriptomics unveil profiles and interplay of immune subsets in rare autoimmune childhood Sjögren's disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:481. [PMID: 38641668 PMCID: PMC11031574 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood Sjögren's disease represents critically unmet medical needs due to a complete lack of immunological and molecular characterizations. This study presents key immune cell subsets and their interactions in the periphery in childhood Sjögren's disease. Here we show that single-cell RNA sequencing identifies the subsets of IFN gene-enriched monocytes, CD4+ T effector memory, and XCL1+ NK cells as potential key players in childhood Sjögren's disease, and especially in those with recurrent parotitis, which is the chief symptom prompting clinical visits from young children. A unique cluster of monocytes with type I and II IFN-related genes is identified in childhood Sjögren's disease, compared to the age-matched control. In vitro regulatory T cell functional assay demonstrates intact functionality in childhood Sjögren's disease in contrast to reduced suppression in adult Sjögren's disease. Mapping this transcriptomic landscape and interplay of immune cell subsets will expedite the understanding of childhood Sjögren's disease pathogenesis and set the foundation for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Umasankar De
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joon Paek
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Indraneel Bhattacharyya
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | | | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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8
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Huang Y, Chen T, Jiang M, Xiong C, Mei C, Nie J, Zhang Q, Zhu Q, Huang X, Zhang X, Li Y. E3 ligase TRIM65 alleviates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of TOX4-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:29. [PMID: 38212319 PMCID: PMC10784301 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury is an urgent clinical disease with high incidence and mortality, and impaired intestinal barrier function caused by excessive apoptosis of intestinal cells is an important cause of its serious consequences. Tripartite motif-containing protein 65 (TRIM65) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is recently reported to suppress the inflammatory response and apoptosis. However, the biological function and regulation of TRIM65 in II/R injury are totally unknown. We found that TRIM65 was significantly decreased in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) induced intestinal epithelial cells and II/R-induced intestine tissue. TRIM65 knockout mice markedly aggravated intestinal apoptosis and II/R injury. To explore the molecular mechanism of TRIM65 in exacerbating II/R-induced intestinal apoptosis and damage, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor 4 (TOX4) was screened out as a novel substrate of TRIM65 using the yeast two-hybrid system. TRIM65 binds directly to the N-terminal of TOX4 through its coiled-coil and SPRY structural domains. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that they can co-localize both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Furthermore, TRIM65 mediated the K48 ubiquitination and degradation of TOX4 depending on its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. In addition, TRIM65 inhibits H/R-induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis via TOX4. In summary, our results indicated that TRIM65 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of TOX4 to inhibit apoptosis in II/R. These findings provide a promising target for the clinical treatment of II/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies; Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies; Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies; Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Chenlu Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinping Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies; Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Qing Zhu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies; Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Xuan Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies; Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330031, Nanchang, PR China.
| | - Xuekang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006, Nanchang, China.
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9
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Vianzon VV, Hanson RM, Garg I, Joseph GJ, Rogers LM. Rank aggregation of independent genetic screen results highlights new strategies for adoptive cellular transfer therapy of cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235131. [PMID: 38143765 PMCID: PMC10748423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient intratumoral infiltration of adoptively transferred cells is a significant barrier to effectively treating solid tumors with adoptive cellular transfer (ACT) therapies. Our recent forward genetic, whole-genome screen identified T cell-intrinsic gene candidates that may improve tumor infiltration of T cells. Here, results are combined with five independent genetic screens using rank aggregation to improve rigor. This resulted in a combined total of 1,523 candidate genes - including 1,464 genes not currently being evaluated as therapeutic targets - that may improve tumor infiltration of T cells. Gene set enrichment analysis of a published human dataset shows that these gene candidates are differentially expressed in tumor infiltrating compared to circulating T cells, supporting translational potential. Importantly, adoptive transfer of T cells overexpressing gain-of-function candidates (AAK1ΔN125, SPRR1B, and EHHADH) into tumor-bearing mice resulted in increased T cell infiltration into tumors. These novel gene candidates may be considered as potential therapeutic candidates that can aid adoptive cellular therapy in improving T cell infiltration into solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laura M. Rogers
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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10
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Guo S, Gao X, Sadhana M, Guo R, Liu J, Lu W, Zhao MF. Developing Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of CAR-T Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1614-1632. [PMID: 37870695 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal blood malignancy. With the development of immunotherapy, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), the treatment of AML has undergone a significant change. Despite its advantages, CAR-T still faces a number of limitations and challenges while treating AML. Finding novel targets, altering the structure of CAR to increase efficacy while lowering side effects, and using double-target CAR and logic circuits are typical examples of key to answer these problems. With the advancement of gene editing technology, gene editing of tumor cells or normal cells to create therapeutic effects has grown in popularity. Additionally, the combination of multiple drugs is routinely used to address some of the obstacles and difficulties associated with CAR-T therapy. The review's primary goal was to summarize recent strategies and developments of CAR-T therapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Guo
- First Center, Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xuejin Gao
- Emergency Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Mahara Sadhana
- First Center, Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- First Center, Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jile Liu
- First Center, Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Ming Feng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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11
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Amini-Salehi E, Eslami N, Tamimi A, Sedighi N, Moghdam SS, Yaghubi-Kalurazi T, Hassanipour S, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Eftekhari H. Unusual herpetic reactivation in a young female following botox injection: a case report study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:647. [PMID: 37784014 PMCID: PMC10546652 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botox injections are commonly used for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes because they temporarily paralyze muscles, reduce wrinkles, and alleviate certain medical conditions. Although generally considered safe and effective, Botox injections may cause potential complications. While herpes reactivation is more commonly associated with immunosuppressive therapies, such as chemotherapy or corticosteroid use, its association with Botox injection is poorly documented. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old woman presented with progressive painful rashes and vesicles on her forehead, scalp, and right upper eyelid, accompanied by fever and malaise following a Botox injection to treat wrinkles. A positive Tzanck smear test result confirmed the diagnosis of herpes infection. The patient was treated with antiviral medication, and her symptoms gradually regressed over several days. CONCLUSIONS Although herpes reactivation is more commonly associated with immunosuppressive therapies, few cases of herpes zoster and herpes simplex following Botox injection have been reported. The pathogenesis of herpes reactivation following Botox injection is unclear; however, it has been hypothesized that the Botox protein is a potent antigen that may activate the cellular immune system, making it easier for the virus to reactivate. Healthcare providers should be aware of this potential complication and consider it when evaluating patients who present with painful rashes following Botox injections. In addition, individuals who want to receive Botox injections should be informed of this complication. The diagnosis of herpetic infection should be made promptly, and antiviral therapy should be initiated to minimize the risk of complications. Further research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis and risk factors for herpes following Botox injection and to develop strategies for preventing and managing this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Narges Eslami
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Tofigh Yaghubi-Kalurazi
- Department of Health, Nutrition & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hojat Eftekhari
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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12
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Fu Y, Wang J, Liu C, Liao K, Gao X, Tang R, Fan B, Hong Y, Xiao N, Xiao C, Liu WH. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 controls T-cell exhaustion by regulating NFAT activation. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1127-1139. [PMID: 37553428 PMCID: PMC10541428 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells plays an indispensable role in bacterial and viral clearance and cancers. However, persistent antigen stimulation of CD8+ T cells leads to an exhausted or dysfunctional cellular state characterized by the loss of effector function and high expression of inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection and in tumors. Numerous studies have shown that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) controls the function and development of immune cells, but whether GSK3 affects CD8+ T cells is not clearly elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that mice with deletion of Gsk3α and Gsk3β in activated CD8+ T cells (DKO) exhibited decreased CTL differentiation and effector function during acute and chronic viral infection. In addition, DKO mice failed to control tumor growth due to the upregulated expression of inhibitory receptors and augmented T-cell exhaustion in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Strikingly, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy substantially restored tumor rejection in DKO mice. Mechanistically, GSK3 regulates T-cell exhaustion by suppressing TCR-induced nuclear import of NFAT, thereby in turn dampening NFAT-mediated exhaustion-related gene expression, including TOX/TOX2 and PD-1. Thus, we uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying GSK3 regulation of CTL differentiation and T-cell exhaustion in anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Jinjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Chenfeng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Kunyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xianjun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ronghan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Binbin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yazhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Nengming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Sanofi Institute for Biomedical Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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13
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Simmons T, Levy D. Modeling the Development of Cellular Exhaustion and Tumor-Immune Stalemate. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:106. [PMID: 37733164 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular exhaustion in various immune cells develops in response to prolonged stimulation and overactivation during chronic infections and in cancer. Marked by an upregulation of inhibitory receptors and diminished effector functions, exhausted immune cells are unable to fully eradicate the antigen responsible for the overexposure. In cancer settings, this results in a relatively small but constant tumor burden known as a localized tumor-immune stalemate. In recent years, studies have elucidated key aspects of the development and progression of cellular exhaustion and have re-addressed previous misconceptions. Biological publications have also provided insight into the functional capabilities of exhausted cells. Complementing these findings, the model presented here serves as a mathematical framework for the establishment of cellular exhaustion and the development of the localized stalemate against a solid tumor. Analysis of this model indicates that this stalemate is stable and can handle small perturbations. Additionally, model analysis also provides insight into potential targets of future immunotherapy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Simmons
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Doron Levy
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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14
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Ueyama A, Nogami W, Nashiki K, Haruna M, Miwa H, Hagiwara M, Nagira M, Wada H, Nagira Y. Immunotherapy Targeting CCR8+ Regulatory T Cells Induces Antitumor Effects via Dramatic Changes to the Intratumor CD8+ T Cell Profile. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:673-682. [PMID: 37350632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the formation of a tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment. CCR8 is reportedly selectively expressed in tumor Tregs, and an anti-CCR8 Ab can exert potent antitumor effects by eliminating intratumor Tregs in murine tumor models. In this study, we analyzed changes to intratumor immunity after anti-CCR8 Ab administration, especially in CD8+ T cells, which are involved in cancer cell killing, using the CT26 colorectal carcinoma mouse model. Immunophenotyping of tumor-infiltrating cells by mass cytometry after Ab administration on day 5 of tumor inoculation revealed that CD8+ T cell subsets were dramatically altered in the CCR8 Ab-treated group, with an increase in naive cells and nonexhausted effector cells and a decrease in exhausted cells with high expression levels of TOX. These results were corroborated with flow cytometry analysis. Delayed administration of the anti-CCR8 Ab on day 9 or 12, when the amount of CCR8+ Tregs and CD8+ T cell exhaustion were more progressed, also resulted in a decrease in exhausted CD8+ T cells, leading to tumor regression. Finally, we confirmed that high CCR8+ Treg infiltration was associated with high TOX expression in CD8+ T cells in human cancer patients. In conclusion, administration of an anti-CCR8 Ab can dramatically alter the activation and exhaustion state of intratumor CD8+ T cells, resulting in strong antitumor effects. In cancer patients with an advanced tumor-immunosuppressive environment, CD8+ T cell exhaustion has progressed along with CCR8+ Treg induction. Therefore, targeted depletion of CCR8+ Tregs is expected to be effective in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Ueyama
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Nogami
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Nashiki
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Miya Haruna
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaki Hagiwara
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Morio Nagira
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagira
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
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15
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Collins SM, Alexander KA, Lundh S, Dimitri AJ, Zhang Z, Good CR, Fraietta JA, Berger SL. TOX2 coordinates with TET2 to positively regulate central memory differentiation in human CAR T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2605. [PMID: 37467321 PMCID: PMC10355826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is used in treating human hematological malignancies, but its efficacy is limited by T cell exhaustion (TEX). TEX arises at the expense of central memory T cells (TCM), which exhibit robust antitumor efficacy. Reduction of the TET2 gene led to increased TCM differentiation in a patient with leukemia who experienced a complete remission. We show that loss of TET2 led to increased chromatin accessibility at exhaustion regulators TOX and TOX2, plus increased expression of TOX2. Knockdown of TOX increased the percentage of TCM. However, unexpectedly, knockdown of TOX2 decreased TCM percentage and reduced proliferation. Consistently, a TCM gene signature was reduced in the TOX2 knockdown, and TOX2 bound to promoters of numerous TCM genes. Our results thus suggest a role for human TOX2, in contrast to exhaustion regulator TOX, as a potentiator of central memory differentiation of CAR T cells, with plausible utility in CAR T cell cancer therapy via modulated TOX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M. Collins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine A. Alexander
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stefan Lundh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander J. Dimitri
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charly R. Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A. Fraietta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L. Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
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16
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Chen C, Liu X, Chang CY, Wang HY, Wang RF. The Interplay between T Cells and Cancer: The Basis of Immunotherapy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051008. [PMID: 37239368 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to cancer treatment. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in impressive and durable clinical responses in the treatment of various cancers. Additionally, immunotherapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells has produced robust responses in blood cancers, and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells are showing promising results in the treatment of solid cancers. Despite these noteworthy advancements in cancer immunotherapy, numerous challenges remain. Some patient populations are unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and CAR T cell therapy has yet to show efficacy against solid cancers. In this review, we first discuss the significant role that T cells play in the body's defense against cancer. We then delve into the mechanisms behind the current challenges facing immunotherapy, starting with T cell exhaustion due to immune checkpoint upregulation and changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of dysfunctional T cells. We then discuss cancer-cell-intrinsic characteristics, including molecular alterations in cancer cells and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which collectively facilitate tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and immune evasion. Finally, we examine recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, with a specific emphasis on T-cell-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Che-Yu Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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17
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Watowich MB, Gilbert MR, Larion M. T cell exhaustion in malignant gliomas. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:270-292. [PMID: 36681605 PMCID: PMC10038906 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding tumor biology, malignant gliomas remain incurable. While immunotherapy has improved outcomes in other cancer types, comparable efficacy has not yet been demonstrated for primary cancers of the central nervous system (CNS). T cell exhaustion, defined as a progressive decrease in effector function, sustained expression of inhibitory receptors, metabolic dysfunction, and distinct epigenetic and transcriptional alterations, contributes to the failure of immunotherapy in the CNS. Herein, we describe recent advances in understanding the drivers of T cell exhaustion in the glioma microenvironment. We discuss the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that contribute to exhaustion and highlight potential avenues for reversing this phenotype. Our ability to directly target specific immunosuppressive drivers in brain cancers would be a major advance in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Watowich
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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Islam M, Sevak JK, Sharma MK, Jindal A, Vyas AK, Bajpai M, Ramakrishna G, Sarin SK, Trehanpati N. Immune predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in patients with hepatitis B reactivation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:689-708. [PMID: 36411952 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is sometimes observed in hepatitis B reactivation (rHBV), probably due to immune resetting and differentiation. AIMS To investigate sequential immune differentiation and abrogation of tolerance in patients with rHBV who achieved HBsAg seroconversion. METHODS We included 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHBV; HBV DNA log103-8 ), 67 with rHBV (raised ALT [>5XULN], HBV DNAlog104-8 ) and 10 healthy controls. Immune differentiation, tolerance and functional status of CD4, CD8, T regulatory cells (Tregs), B cells and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks. RESULTS At 24 weeks, 81% rHBV (n = 67) lost HBV DNA and HBeAg (41%), and 12 (19%) lost HBsAg and made anti-HBs titers >10 IU/ml. rHBV patients had higher Th1/17, TEM , Tfh, Tfh1/17, plasma and ATM B cells, and lower Tregs, Th2, Th17 and TEMRA expression. rHBV showed lower PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX compared to CHBV. There was a significant increase in CD8, CD8EM, Tfh, Tfh1/17 and plasma B cells in seroconverters than non-seroconverters. At 24 weeks, we also observed increased plasma B cell frequency in seroconverters. While non-seroconverters showed higher expression of PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX on CD4/CD8 T cells, blockade of PD1, TIM3, LAG3 and CTLA4 significantly enhanced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-21 expression on CD4/CD8 and Tfh cells in non-seroconverters. CONCLUSIONS Non-seroconverters have increased inhibitory markers on CD4/CD8 T cells. There is a critical play of CD8, Tfh and B cells and subsets in seroclearance, along with checkpoint molecules as a potential therapy for non-seroconverters in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojahidul Islam
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayesh Kumar Sevak
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Jindal
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Vyas
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Bajpai
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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19
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Eschke M, Moore PF, Chang H, Alber G, Keller SM. Canine peripheral blood TCRαβ T cell atlas: Identification of diverse subsets including CD8A + MAIT-like cells by combined single-cell transcriptome and V(D)J repertoire analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123366. [PMID: 36911660 PMCID: PMC9995359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The dog is valued as a companion animal and increasingly recognized as a model for human disorders. Given the importance of T cells in health and disease, comprehensive knowledge of canine T cells can contribute to our understanding of pathogenesis mechanisms and inform the development of new treatment strategies. However, the diversity of canine T cells is still poorly understood mainly due to the lack of species-reactive antibodies for use in flow cytometry. The aim of this study was to generate a detailed atlas of peripheral blood TCRαβ+ T cells of healthy dogs using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) combined with immune repertoire sequencing. A total of 22 TCRαβ+ T cell clusters were identified, which were classified into three major groups: CD4-dominant (11 clusters), CD8A-dominant (8 clusters), and CD4/CD8A-mixed (3 clusters). Based on differential gene expression, distinct differentiation states (naïve, effector, memory, exhausted) and lineages (e.g. CD4 T helper and regulatory T cells) could be distinguished. Importantly, several T cell populations were identified, which have not been described in dogs before. Of particular note, our data provide first evidence for the existence of canine mucosa-associated invariant T cell (MAIT)-like cells, representing one of three newly identified FCER1G+ innate-like CD8A+ T cell populations in the peripheral blood of healthy dogs. In conclusion, using scRNAseq combined with immune repertoire sequencing we were able to resolve canine TCRαβ+ T cell populations at unprecedented resolution. The peripheral blood TCRαβ+ T cell atlas of healthy dogs generated here represents an important reference data set for future studies and is of relevance for identifying new targets for T cell-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eschke
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haiyang Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan M Keller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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20
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Brunell AE, Lahesmaa R, Autio A, Thotakura AK. Exhausted T cells hijacking the cancer-immunity cycle: Assets and liabilities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151632. [PMID: 37122741 PMCID: PMC10140554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell exhaustion is an alternative differentiation path of T cells, sometimes described as a dysfunction. During the last decade, insights of T cell exhaustion acting as a bottle neck in the field of cancer immunotherapy have undoubtedly provoked attention. One of the main drivers of T cell exhaustion is prolonged antigen presentation, a prerequisite in the cancer-immunity cycle. The umbrella term "T cell exhaustion" comprises various stages of T cell functionalities, describing the dynamic, one-way exhaustion process. Together these qualities of T cells at the exhaustion continuum can enable tumor clearance, but if the exhaustion acquired timeframe is exceeded, tumor cells have increased possibilities of escaping immune system surveillance. This could be considered a tipping point where exhausted T cells switch from an asset to a liability. In this review, the contrary role of exhausted T cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Brunell
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Immuno-Oncology, Oncology Research, Orion Corporation, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Autio
- Immuno-Oncology, Oncology Research, Orion Corporation, Turku, Finland
| | - Anil K. Thotakura
- Immuno-Oncology, Oncology Research, Orion Corporation, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anil K. Thotakura,
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21
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Cisneros B, García-Aguirre I, Unzueta J, Arrieta-Cruz I, González-Morales O, Domínguez-Larrieta JM, Tamez-González A, Leyva-Gómez G, Magaña JJ. Immune system modulation in aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059173. [PMID: 36591275 PMCID: PMC9797513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the immune system declines during aging, compromising its response against pathogens, a phenomenon termed as "immunosenescence." Alterations of the immune system undergone by aged individuals include thymic involution, defective memory T cells, impaired activation of naïve T cells, and weak memory response. Age-linked alterations of the innate immunity comprise perturbed chemotactic, phagocytic, and natural killing functions, as well as impaired antigen presentation. Overall, these alterations result in chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) that negatively impacts health of elderly people. In this review, we address the most relevant molecules and mechanisms that regulate the relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging and provide an updated description of the therapeutic strategies aimed to improve immunity in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ian García-Aguirre
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Unzueta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar González-Morales
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Domínguez-Larrieta
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Aura Tamez-González
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, ; Jonathan J. Magaña,
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ciudad de México, Mexico,Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, ; Jonathan J. Magaña,
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22
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Alahdal M, Elkord E. Exhaustion and over-activation of immune cells in COVID-19: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109177. [PMID: 36356848 PMCID: PMC9640209 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustion of immune cells in COVID-19 remains a serious concern for infection management and therapeutic interventions. As reported, immune cells such as T effector cells (Teff), T regulatory cells (Tregs), natural killer cells (NKs), and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) exhibit uncontrolled functions in COVID-19. Unfortunately, the mechanisms that orchestrate immune cell functionality and virus interaction are still unknown. Recent studies linked adaptive immune cell exhaustion to underlying epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the epigenetic transcription of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors (ICs). Further to that, the over-activation of T cells accompanied by the dysfunctionality of DCs and Tregs may enhance uncontrollable alveoli inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19. This might explain the reasons behind the failure of DC-based vaccines in inducing sufficient anti-viral responses. This review explains the processes behind the over-activation and exhaustion of innate and adaptive immune cells in COVID-19, which may contribute to developing novel immune intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33 Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman.
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33 Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman; Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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23
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Huang S, Zhao Y, Liao P, Wang J, Li Z, Tan J, Zha X, Chen S, Li Y, Zhong L. Different expression patterns of VISTA concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and TIGIT on T cell subsets in peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients with multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014904. [PMID: 36439426 PMCID: PMC9684650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is considered as an immunosuppressive factor and potential therapeutic target for anticancer therapy. However, little is known about VISTA expression and its role in immunosuppression in multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, VISTA expression and co-expression with programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain-containing-3 (Tim-3), and T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T (Treg) cells were analyzed in patients with MM by multi-color fluorescent flow cytometry of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from 36 patients with MM and compared to 36 PB samples and 10 BM samples from healthy individuals (HIs), which served as controls. The results demonstrated a significant increased percentage of VISTA co-expression with PD-1, Tim-3, and TIGIT in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and Treg cells in PB from MM patients compared with HIs. A similar trend for VISTA+CD8+ T cells was found in BM. Moreover, a trend of a high percentage on VISTA expression and co-expression in PB rather than BM was found. Furthermore, significant positive correlations existed for VISTA expression concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and TIGIT in T cell subsets and clinical indicators, including Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) staging of multiple myeloma, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, and beta-2-microglobulin (β2-MG). In conclusion, higher VISTA expression concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and TIGIT on T cells, particularly in the PB of patients with MM, may result in T cell exhaustion and dysfunction and be closely associated with disease progression and clinical indicators. Thus, VISTA may be considered a potential target for reversing T cell exhaustion and improving T cell function in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengjun Liao
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiong Tan
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Zapała Ł, Kunc M, Sharma S, Pęksa R, Popęda M, Biernat W, Radziszewski P. Immune checkpoint receptor VISTA on immune cells is associated with expression of T-cell exhaustion marker TOX and worse prognosis in renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04329-y. [PMID: 36042047 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the expression of VISTA and TOX within venous tumor thrombus and primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to assess their prognostic value. METHODS The study enrolled 82 patients with ccRCC and coexisting venous tumor thrombus treated radically from 2012 to 2019 in two tertiary centers. Tissue microarrays were prepared and stained with respective antibodies. The expression of markers was assessed separately on tumor cells (TCs) and/or tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs). RESULTS TOX expression was positively correlated with the percentage of VISTA-positive TAICs in venous thrombus (p = 0.011), but not in the primary tumor (p = 0.674). High TOX expression was associated with a higher percentage of PD-L1-positive TAICs in both compartments (p = 0.001, p = 0.011, respectively). Positive expression of VISTA on TAICs was associated with PD-L1 expression on TCs (p = 0.005) and TAICs (p = 0.004) in the primary tumor, and only with PD-L1 on TAICs in thrombus (p = 0.006). The presence of VISTA-positive TAICs in venous thrombus was significantly more common in females (p = 0.034), and positively correlated with metastases (p = 0.028), and tumor necrosis (p = 0.013). The cases with VISTA-positive TAICs in venous tumor thrombi had significantly shorter OS than VISTA-negative cases (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION For the first time, we demonstrated the expression of VISTA- and TOX-positive TAICs in the venous tumor thrombus. We found the association between immune checkpoint receptors and T cell exhaustion markers in both tumor mass and venous thrombus. Finally, we demonstrated that abundance of VISTA-positive TAICs in venous tumor thrombus correlates with worse outcomes in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zapała
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Kunc
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Popęda
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziszewski
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Li W, Wang F, Guo R, Bian Z, Song Y. Targeting macrophages in hematological malignancies: recent advances and future directions. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:110. [PMID: 35978372 PMCID: PMC9387027 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the detection and clearance of cancer cells via phagocytosis induced by innate immune checkpoints play significant roles in tumor-mediated immune escape. The most well-described innate immune checkpoints are the "don't eat me" signals, including the CD47/signal regulatory protein α axis (SIRPα), PD-1/PD-L1 axis, CD24/SIGLEC-10 axis, and MHC-I/LILRB1 axis. Molecules have been developed to block these pathways and enhance the phagocytic activity against tumors. Several clinical studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of CD47 blockades, either alone or in combination with existing therapy in hematological malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and lymphoma. However, only a minority of patients have significant responses to these treatments alone. Combining CD47 blockades with other treatment modalities are in clinical studies, with early results suggesting a synergistic therapeutic effect. Targeting macrophages with bispecific antibodies are being explored in blood cancer therapy. Furthermore, reprogramming of pro-tumor macrophages to anti-tumor macrophages, and CAR macrophages (CAR-M) demonstrate anti-tumor activities. In this review, we elucidated distinct types of macrophage-targeted strategies in hematological malignancies, from preclinical experiments to clinical trials, and outlined potential therapeutic approaches being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhilei Bian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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26
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Zhong M, Gao R, Zhao R, Huang Y, Chen C, Li K, Yu X, Nie D, Chen Z, Liu X, Liu Z, Chen S, Lu Y, Yu Z, Wang L, Li P, Zeng C, Li Y. BET bromodomain inhibition rescues PD-1-mediated T-cell exhaustion in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:671. [PMID: 35918330 PMCID: PMC9346138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sustained expression of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) is correlated with the exhaustion of T cells, and blockade of the PD-1 pathway is an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for treating various cancers. However, response rates are limited, and many patients do not achieve durable responses. Thus, it is important to seek additional strategies that can improve anticancer immunity. Here, we report that the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 inhibits PD-1 expression in Jurkat T cells, primary T cells, and T-cell exhaustion models. Furthermore, JQ1 dramatically impaired the expression of PD-1 and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain-containing-3 (Tim-3) and promoted the secretion of cytokines in T cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In line with that, BET inhibitor-treated CD19-CAR T and CD123-CAR T cells have enhanced anti-leukemia potency and resistant to exhaustion. Mechanistically, BRD4 binds to the NFAT2 and PDCD1 (encoding PD-1) promoters, and NFAT2 binds to the PDCD1 and HAVCR2 (encoding Tim-3) promoters. JQ1-treated T cells showed downregulated NFAT2, PD-1, and Tim-3 expression. In addition, BET inhibitor suppressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and cell growth in AML cell lines and in primary AML cells. We also demonstrated that JQ1 treatment led to inhibition of leukemia progression, reduced T-cell PD-1/Tim-3 expression, and prolonged survival in MLL-AF9 AML mouse model and Nalm6 (B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell)-bearing mouse leukemia model. Taken together, BET inhibition improved anti-leukemia immunity by regulating PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and also directly suppressed AML cells, which provides novel insights on the multiple effects of BET inhibition for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhong
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rili Gao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Cell Regeneration and Biotherapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youxue Huang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cunte Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kehan Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xibao Yu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dingrui Nie
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuandi Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Cell Regeneration and Biotherapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Srichawla BS. Susac Syndrome With Livedo Reticularis: Pathogenesis and Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27352. [PMID: 36046280 PMCID: PMC9417326 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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TCF-1: a maverick in T cell development and function. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:671-678. [PMID: 35487986 PMCID: PMC9202512 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The T cell-specific DNA-binding protein TCF-1 is a central regulator of T cell development and function along multiple stages and lineages. Because it interacts with β-catenin, TCF-1 has been classically viewed as a downstream effector of canonical Wnt signaling, although there is strong evidence for β-catenin-independent TCF-1 functions. TCF-1 co-binds accessible regulatory regions containing or lacking its conserved motif and cooperates with other nuclear factors to establish context-dependent epigenetic and transcription programs that are essential for T cell development and for regulating immune responses to infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Although it has mostly been associated with positive regulation of chromatin accessibility and gene expression, TCF-1 has the potential to reduce chromatin accessibility and thereby suppress gene expression. In addition, the binding of TCF-1 bends the DNA and affects the chromatin conformation genome wide. This Review discusses the current understanding of the multiple roles of TCF-1 in T cell development and function and their mechanistic underpinnings.
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Dimitri A, Herbst F, Fraietta JA. Engineering the next-generation of CAR T-cells with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:78. [PMID: 35303871 PMCID: PMC8932053 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells represent a breakthrough in personalized cancer therapy. In this strategy, synthetic receptors comprised of antigen recognition, signaling, and costimulatory domains are used to reprogram T-cells to target tumor cells for destruction. Despite the success of this approach in refractory B-cell malignancies, optimal potency of CAR T-cell therapy for many other cancers, particularly solid tumors, has not been achieved. Factors such as T-cell exhaustion, lack of CAR T-cell persistence, cytokine-related toxicities, and bottlenecks in the manufacturing of autologous products have hampered the safety, effectiveness, and availability of this approach. With the ease and accessibility of CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, it is possible to address many of these limitations. Accordingly, current research efforts focus on precision engineering of CAR T-cells with conventional CRISPR-Cas9 systems or novel editors that can install desired genetic changes with or without introduction of a double-stranded break (DSB) into the genome. These tools and strategies can be directly applied to targeting negative regulators of T-cell function, directing therapeutic transgenes to specific genomic loci, and generating reproducibly safe and potent allogeneic universal CAR T-cell products for on-demand cancer immunotherapy. This review evaluates several of the ongoing and future directions of combining next-generation CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing with synthetic biology to optimize CAR T-cell therapy for future clinical trials toward the establishment of a new cancer treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dimitri
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion Expansion (SPE), Room 9-104, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion Expansion (SPE), Room 9-104, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg. 421, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA. .,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Zhao Y, Liao P, Huang S, Deng T, Tan J, Huang Y, Zhan H, Li Y, Chen S, Zhong L. Increased TOX expression associates with exhausted T cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:12. [PMID: 35246241 PMCID: PMC8895562 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown increased aberrant expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins, such as programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain-containing-3 (Tim-3) on T cells from patients with multiple myeloma (MM), which result in T cell exhaustion and dysfunction. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating aberrant IC protein expression. In this study, we analyzed the expression of TOX (thymocyte selection-associated HMG BOX), a crucial transcription factor involved in T cell exhaustion, and its co-expression with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in T cell subsets by multi-color fluorescent flow cytometry in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with MM. Significantly, the percentage of TOX + CD3 +/CD4 +/CD8 + T cells was increased, and similarly, higher numbers of TOX co-expression with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 on CD3 +/CD4 +/CD8 + T cells were found. Interestingly, the numbers of TOX +, TOX + PD-1 +, and TOX + Tim-3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells also significantly increased in both the PB and BM of MM patients. In summary, we for the first time observed increased TOX expression concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 on T cells, which may contribute to T cell exhaustion and impair their function in MM. Thus, TOX may be considered a potential target for reversing T cell exhaustion and improving T cell function in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Pengjun Liao
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tairan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiaxiong Tan
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Youxue Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Huien Zhan
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Liye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Huang S, Liang C, Zhao Y, Deng T, Tan J, Zha X, Li Y, Chen S. Increased TOX expression concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 expression in T cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:143-152. [PMID: 34913594 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell dysregulation is a common event in leukemia. Recent findings have indicated that aberrant expression of immune checkpoint proteins may be associated with disease relapse and progression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). TOX, a transcription factor in the HMG-box protein superfamily, was found to be a potential target for immunotherapy not only in solid tumors but also in hematological malignancies. However, little is known about TOX expression and co-expression with immune checkpoint proteins or the exhausted phenotype in the T cell subsets in AML. Thus, in this study, we analyzed TOX expression and co-expression with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in T cells. METHODS TOX expression and co-expression with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in CD3+, CD4+, regulatory T (Treg), and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by multi-color fluorescent flow cytometry in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with de novo AML and AML in complete remission (CR) and healthy individuals (HIs). RESULTS A significantly increased percentage of TOX+CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was found in PB from patients with de novo AML in comparison with HIs. Double-positive TOX+CD244+, TOX+PD-1+, and TOX+Tim-3+ T cells markedly increased in the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell populations in de novo AML patients compared with HIs, and similar trends were demonstrated for TOX+Tim-3+CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T cells in de novo AML compared with AML-CR patients. In addition, the number of TOX+, TOX+PD-1+, and TOX+Tim-3+Treg cells significantly increased in de novo AML patients compared with HIs, and TOX+PD-1+Treg cells were higher in de novo AML compared with AML-CR patients. Moreover, TOX positively correlated with Tim-3 expression in CD8+ and Treg cells, and a positive correlation between the expression of TOX+ CD4+ and CD244+CD4+ T cells was found. Furthermore, an increased percentage of TOX+Tim-3+ T cells in BM was also found in de novo AML patients compared with HIs. CONCLUSIONS Increased TOX concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in T cells may contribute to T cell exhaustion and impair their function in AML. Such exhausted T cells may be partially revised when AML patients achieve CR after chemotherapy. TOX may be considered a potential target for reversing T cell exhaustion and improving T cell function in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Liang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tairan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiong Tan
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Gumber D, Wang LD. Improving CAR-T immunotherapy: Overcoming the challenges of T cell exhaustion. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103941. [PMID: 35301179 PMCID: PMC8927848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a cancer treatment with enormous potential, demonstrating impressive antitumor activity in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, CAR T cell exhaustion is a major limitation to their efficacy, particularly in the application of CAR T cells to solid tumors. CAR T cell exhaustion is thought to be due to persistent antigen stimulation, as well as an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and mitigating exhaustion to maintain CAR T cell effector function and persistence and achieve clinical potency remains a central challenge. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of exhaustion and discuss emerging strategies to prevent or reverse exhaustion through modifications of the CAR receptor or CAR independent pathways. Additionally, we discuss the potential of these strategies for improving clinical outcomes of CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gumber
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte CA, United States; Department of Immunooncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Leo D Wang
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte CA, United States; Department of Immunooncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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Risk Association of TOX3 and MMP7 Gene Polymorphisms with Sporadic Breast Cancer in Mexican Women. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1008-1017. [PMID: 35200585 PMCID: PMC8870835 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has one of the highest incidences and mortality worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TOX3 rs3803662 and MMP7 rs1943779 have been associated with susceptibility to BC. In this case-control study, we evaluated the association of rs3803662 (TOX3)/rs1943779 (MMP7) SNPs with clinical features, immunohistochemical reactivity, and risk association with BC in women from northeastern Mexico. We compared 212 BC cases and 212 controls. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood to perform the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. We calculated genotype frequencies, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. We found that CT (Cytocine-Thymine) and TT (Thymine -Thymine) genotypes, and T alleles of TOX3 rs3803662, were associated with BC risk (p = 0.034, p = 0.011, respectively). SNP TOX3 rs3803662 was associated with positive progesterone receptors (PR) and triple-negative BC (TNBC) but not with estrogen receptor (ER) or HER2 reactivity. CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.006) and T alleles (p = 0.002) of SNP MMP7 rs1943779 were associated with risk of BC. We found that T alleles of TOX3 rs3803662 and MMP7 rs1943779 SNPs are associated with BC risk. These findings contribute to personalized medicine in Mexican women.
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Veldman J, Rodrigues Plaça J, Chong L, Terpstra MM, Mastik M, van Kempen LC, Kok K, Aoki T, Steidl C, van den Berg A, Visser L, Diepstra A. CD4+ T cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma express exhaustion associated transcription factors TOX and TOX2. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2033433. [PMID: 35111387 PMCID: PMC8803106 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2033433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the highly abundant CD4+ T cells in the vicinity of tumor cells are considered essential for tumor cell survival, but are ill-defined. Although they are activated, they consistently lack expression of activation marker CD26. In this study, we compared sorted CD4+CD26- and CD4+CD26+ T cells from cHL lymph node cell suspensions by RNA sequencing and T cell receptor variable gene segment usage analysis. This revealed that although CD4+CD26- T cells are antigen experienced, they have not clonally expanded. This may well be explained by the expression of exhaustion associated transcription factors TOX and TOX2, immune checkpoints PDCD1 and CD200, and chemokine CXCL13, which were amongst the 100 significantly enriched genes in comparison with the CD4+CD26+ T cells. Findings were validated in single-cell RNA sequencing data from an independent cohort. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry revealed predominant and high frequency of staining for TOX and TOX2 in the T cells attached to the tumor cells. In conclusion, the dominant CD4+CD26- T cell population in cHL is antigen experienced, polyclonal, and exhausted. This population is likely a main contributor to the very high response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Veldman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Rodrigues Plaça
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCT/CNPq) and Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauren Chong
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miente Martijn Terpstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Mastik
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Léon C. van Kempen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Aladily TN, Abushunar T, Alhesa A, Alrawi R, Almaani N, Abdaljaleel M. Immunohistochemical Expression Patterns of CD45RO, p105/p50, JAK3, TOX, and IL-17 in Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010220. [PMID: 35054387 PMCID: PMC8774984 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphologic changes in early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) might overlap with benign inflammatory dermatitis (BID). Previous studies have described altered expression patterns of several proteins in MF, but their diagnostic significance is uncertain. This study aims at examining the frequency of expression of CD45RO, NFkB-p105/p50, JAK3, TOX, and IL-17 proteins by immunohistochemistry. The cohorts included 21 patients of early-stage MF and 19 with benign BID as a control group. CD45RO was positive in all patients of MF and BID. NFkB-p105/p50 showed normal cytoplasmic staining, indicating an inactive status in all patients of both groups. JAK3 was positive in 3 (14%) MF and in 17 (89%) BID patients (p = 0.003). TOX was expressed in 19 (90%) and 13 (68%) patients of MF and BID, respectively (p = 0.120). IL-17 was detected in 13 (62%) MF and in 7 (37%) BID patients (p = 0.056). Co-expression of TOX and IL-17 was seen in 11 (52%) MF patients but in only 3 (16%) BID patients, which was statistically significant (p = 0.021). We conclude that a double expression of TOX and IL-17 may support the diagnosis of MF in the right clinicopathologic setting, while none of the immunohistochemical stains alone provided a significant discrimination between MF and BID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq N. Aladily
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (T.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tasnim Abushunar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (T.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (T.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Raneen Alrawi
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Noor Almaani
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (R.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Maram Abdaljaleel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (T.A.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
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Liang C, Zhao Y, Chen C, Huang S, Deng T, Zeng X, Tan J, Zha X, Chen S, Li Y. Higher TOX Genes Expression Is Associated With Poor Overall Survival for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740642. [PMID: 34692519 PMCID: PMC8532529 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte selection-associated HMG box (TOX) is a transcription factor that belongs to the high mobility group box (HMG-box) superfamily, which includes four subfamily members: TOX, TOX2, TOX3, and TOX4. TOX is related to the formation of multiple malignancies and contributes to CD8+ T cell exhaustion in solid tumors. However, little is known about the role of TOX genes in hematological malignancies. In this study, we explored the prognostic value of TOX genes from 40 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in a training cohort and validated the results using transcriptome data from 167 de novo AML patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In the training cohort, higher expression of TOX and TOX4 was detected in the AML samples, whereas lower TOX3 expression was found. Moreover, both the training and validation results indicated that higher TOX2, TOX3, and TOX4 expression of AML patients (3-year OS: 0% vs. 37%, P = 0.036; 3-year OS: 4% vs. 61%, P < 0.001; 3-year OS: 0% vs. 32%, P = 0.010) and the AML patients with highly co-expressed TOX, TOX2, TOX4 genes (3-year OS: 0% vs. 25% vs. 75%, P = 0.001) were associated with poor overall survival (OS). Interestingly, TOX2 was positively correlated with CTLA-4, PD-1, TIGIT, and PDL-2 (rs = 0.43, P = 0.006; rs = 0.43, P = 0.006; rs = 0.56, P < 0.001; rs = 0.54, P < 0.001). In conclusion, higher expression of TOX genes was associated with poor OS for AML patients, which was related to the up-regulation of immune checkpoint genes. These data might provide novel predictors for AML outcome and direction for further investigation of the possibility of using TOX genes in novel targeted therapies for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Liang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunte Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tairan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbo Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiong Tan
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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