1
|
Raniga D, Amarasingam N, Sandino J, Doshi A, Barthelemy J, Randall K, Robinson SA, Gonzalez F, Bollard B. Monitoring of Antarctica's Fragile Vegetation Using Drone-Based Remote Sensing, Multispectral Imagery and AI. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1063. [PMID: 38400222 PMCID: PMC10892490 DOI: 10.3390/s24041063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation in East Antarctica, such as moss and lichen, vulnerable to the effects of climate change and ozone depletion, requires robust non-invasive methods to monitor its health condition. Despite the increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to acquire high-resolution data for vegetation analysis in Antarctic regions through artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the use of multispectral imagery and deep learning (DL) is quite limited. This study addresses this gap with two pivotal contributions: (1) it underscores the potential of deep learning (DL) in a field with notably limited implementations for these datasets; and (2) it introduces an innovative workflow that compares the performance between two supervised machine learning (ML) classifiers: Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and U-Net. The proposed workflow is validated by detecting and mapping moss and lichen using data collected in the highly biodiverse Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) 135, situated near Casey Station, between January and February 2023. The implemented ML models were trained against five classes: Healthy Moss, Stressed Moss, Moribund Moss, Lichen, and Non-vegetated. In the development of the U-Net model, two methods were applied: Method (1) which utilised the original labelled data as those used for XGBoost; and Method (2) which incorporated XGBoost predictions as additional input to that version of U-Net. Results indicate that XGBoost demonstrated robust performance, exceeding 85% in key metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. The workflow suggested enhanced accuracy in the classification outputs for U-Net, as Method 2 demonstrated a substantial increase in precision, recall and F1-score compared to Method 1, with notable improvements such as precision for Healthy Moss (Method 2: 94% vs. Method 1: 74%) and recall for Stressed Moss (Method 2: 86% vs. Method 1: 69%). These findings contribute to advancing non-invasive monitoring techniques for the delicate Antarctic ecosystems, showcasing the potential of UAVs, high-resolution multispectral imagery, and ML models in remote sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damini Raniga
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (D.R.); (N.A.); (F.G.)
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Narmilan Amarasingam
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (D.R.); (N.A.); (F.G.)
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Juan Sandino
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (D.R.); (N.A.); (F.G.)
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ashray Doshi
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.D.); (J.B.); (K.R.); (S.A.R.); (B.B.)
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Johan Barthelemy
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.D.); (J.B.); (K.R.); (S.A.R.); (B.B.)
- NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Krystal Randall
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.D.); (J.B.); (K.R.); (S.A.R.); (B.B.)
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.D.); (J.B.); (K.R.); (S.A.R.); (B.B.)
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Felipe Gonzalez
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; (D.R.); (N.A.); (F.G.)
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Barbara Bollard
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future (SAEF), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.D.); (J.B.); (K.R.); (S.A.R.); (B.B.)
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin H, Perera-Castro AV, Randall KL, Turnbull JD, Waterman MJ, Dunn J, Robinson SA. Basking in the sun: how mosses photosynthesise and survive in Antarctica. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:151-169. [PMID: 37515652 PMCID: PMC10684656 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic environment is extremely cold, windy and dry. Ozone depletion has resulted in increasing ultraviolet-B radiation, and increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone have altered Antarctica's climate. How do mosses thrive photosynthetically in this harsh environment? Antarctic mosses take advantage of microclimates where the combination of protection from wind, sufficient melt water, nutrients from seabirds and optimal sunlight provides both photosynthetic energy and sufficient warmth for efficient metabolism. The amount of sunlight presents a challenge: more light creates warmer canopies which are optimal for photosynthetic enzymes but can contain excess light energy that could damage the photochemical apparatus. Antarctic mosses thus exhibit strong photoprotective potential in the form of xanthophyll cycle pigments. Conversion to zeaxanthin is high when conditions are most extreme, especially when water content is low. Antarctic mosses also produce UV screening compounds which are maintained in cell walls in some species and appear to protect from DNA damage under elevated UV-B radiation. These plants thus survive in one of the harshest places on Earth by taking advantage of the best real estate to optimise their metabolism. But survival is precarious and it remains to be seen if these strategies will still work as the Antarctic climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | | | - Krystal L Randall
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Johanna D Turnbull
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Melinda J Waterman
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jodie Dunn
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang S, Cong B, Zhao L, Liu C, Zhang Z, Liu S. Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B Radiation in the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065757. [PMID: 36982830 PMCID: PMC10051584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctic organisms are consistently suffering from multiple environmental pressures, especially the strong UV radiation caused by the loss of the ozone layer. The mosses and lichens dominate the vegetation of the Antarctic continent, which grow and propagate in these harsh environments. However, the molecular mechanisms and related regulatory networks of these Antarctic plants against UV-B radiation are largely unknown. Here, we used an integrated multi-omics approach to study the regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) in response to UV-B radiation. We identified a total of 5729 lncRNA sequences by transcriptome sequencing, including 1459 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Through functional annotation, we found that the target genes of DELs were significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction and the flavonoid synthesis pathway. In addition, a total of 451 metabolites were detected by metabonomic analysis, and 97 differentially change metabolites (DCMs) were found. Flavonoids account for 20% of the total significantly up-regulated metabolites. In addition, the comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the co-expression pattern of DELs and DCMs of flavonoids. Our results provide insights into the regulatory network of lncRNA under UV-B radiation and the adaptation of Antarctic moss to the polar environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chenlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gemal EL, Green TGA, Cary SC, Colesie C. High Resilience and Fast Acclimation Processes Allow the Antarctic Moss Bryum argenteum to Increase Its Carbon Gain in Warmer Growing Conditions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121773. [PMID: 36552282 PMCID: PMC9775354 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming in Antarctica involves major shifts in plant distribution and productivity. This study aims to unravel the plasticity and acclimation potential of Bryum argenteum var. muticum, a cosmopolitan moss species found in Antarctica. By comparing short-term, closed-top chamber warming experiments which mimic heatwaves, with in situ seasonal physiological rates from Cape Hallett, Northern Victoria Land, we provide insights into the general inherent resilience of this important Antarctic moss and into its adaptability to longer-term threats and stressors associated with climate change. Our findings show that B. argenteum can thermally acclimate to mitigate the effects of increased temperature under both seasonal changes and short-term pulse warming events. Following pulse warming, this species dramatically increased its carbon uptake, measured as net photosynthesis, while reductions in carbon losses, measured as dark respiration, were not observed. Rapid growth of new shoots may have confounded the effects on respiration. These results demonstrate the high physiological plasticity of this species, with acclimation occurring within only 7 days. We show that this Antarctic moss species appears to have a high level of resilience and that fast acclimation processes allow it to potentially benefit from both short-term and long-term climatic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Gemal
- Global Change Research Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. G. Allan Green
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
- Unidad de Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Craig Cary
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Claudia Colesie
- Global Change Research Institute, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Strugnell JM, McGregor HV, Wilson NG, Meredith KT, Chown SL, Lau SCY, Robinson SA, Saunders KM. Emerging biological archives can reveal ecological and climatic change in Antarctica. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6483-6508. [PMID: 35900301 PMCID: PMC9826052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is causing observable changes in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean including increased air and ocean temperatures, glacial melt leading to sea-level rise and a reduction in salinity, and changes to freshwater water availability on land. These changes impact local Antarctic ecosystems and the Earth's climate system. The Antarctic has experienced significant past environmental change, including cycles of glaciation over the Quaternary Period (the past ~2.6 million years). Understanding Antarctica's paleoecosystems, and the corresponding paleoenvironments and climates that have shaped them, provides insight into present day ecosystem change, and importantly, helps constrain model projections of future change. Biological archives such as extant moss beds and peat profiles, biological proxies in lake and marine sediments, vertebrate animal colonies, and extant terrestrial and benthic marine invertebrates, complement other Antarctic paleoclimate archives by recording the nature and rate of past ecological change, the paleoenvironmental drivers of that change, and constrain current ecosystem and climate models. These archives provide invaluable information about terrestrial ice-free areas, a key location for Antarctic biodiversity, and the continental margin which is important for understanding ice sheet dynamics. Recent significant advances in analytical techniques (e.g., genomics, biogeochemical analyses) have led to new applications and greater power in elucidating the environmental records contained within biological archives. Paleoecological and paleoclimate discoveries derived from biological archives, and integration with existing data from other paleoclimate data sources, will significantly expand our understanding of past, present, and future ecological change, alongside climate change, in a unique, globally significant region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Helen V. McGregor
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nerida G. Wilson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureWestern Australian MuseumWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Research and CollectionsWestern Australian MuseumWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Karina T. Meredith
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sally C. Y. Lau
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Krystyna M. Saunders
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Bryophyte ultraviolet-omics: from genes to the environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4412-4426. [PMID: 35274697 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has contributed to the evolution of organisms since the origins of life. Bryophytes also have evolutionary importance as the first clearly identified lineage of land plants (embryophytes) colonizing the terrestrial environment, thus facing high UV and water scarcity, among other new challenges. Here we review bryophyte UV-omics, the discipline relating bryophytes and UV, with an integrative perspective from genes to the environment. We consider species and habitats investigated, methodology, response variables, protection mechanisms, environmental interactions, UV biomonitoring, molecular and evolutionary aspects, and applications. Bryophyte UV-omics shows convergences and divergences with the UV-omics of other photosynthetic organisms, from algae to tracheophytes. All these organisms converge in that UV damage may be limited under realistic UV levels, due to structural protection and/or physiological acclimation capacity. Nevertheless, bryophytes diverge because they have a unique combination of vegetative and reproductive characteristics to cope with high UV and other concomitant adverse processes, such as desiccation. This interaction has both evolutionary and ecological implications. In addition, UV effects on bryophytes depend on the species and the evolutionary lineage considered, with mosses more UV-tolerant than liverworts. Thus, bryophytes do not constitute a homogeneous functional type with respect to their UV tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kulshrestha S, Jibran R, van Klink JW, Zhou Y, Brummell DA, Albert NW, Schwinn KE, Chagné D, Landi M, Bowman JL, Davies KM. Stress, senescence, and specialized metabolites in bryophytes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4396-4411. [PMID: 35259256 PMCID: PMC9291361 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Life on land exposes plants to varied abiotic and biotic environmental stresses. These environmental drivers contributed to a large expansion of metabolic capabilities during land plant evolution and species diversification. In this review we summarize knowledge on how the specialized metabolite pathways of bryophytes may contribute to stress tolerance capabilities. Bryophytes are the non-tracheophyte land plant group (comprising the hornworts, liverworts, and mosses) and rapidly diversified following the colonization of land. Mosses and liverworts have as wide a distribution as flowering plants with regard to available environments, able to grow in polar regions through to hot desert landscapes. Yet in contrast to flowering plants, for which the biosynthetic pathways, transcriptional regulation, and compound function of stress tolerance-related metabolite pathways have been extensively characterized, it is only recently that similar data have become available for bryophytes. The bryophyte data are compared with those available for angiosperms, including examining how the differing plant forms of bryophytes and angiosperms may influence specialized metabolite diversity and function. The involvement of stress-induced specialized metabolites in senescence and nutrient response pathways is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kulshrestha
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John W van Klink
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nick W Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spectral Retrieval of Eucalypt Leaf Biochemical Traits by Inversion of the Fluspect-Cx Model. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leaf biochemical traits indicating early symptoms of plant stress can be assessed using imaging spectroscopy combined with radiative transfer modelling (RTM). In this study, we assessed the potential applicability of the leaf radiative transfer model Fluspect-Cx to simulate optical properties and estimate leaf biochemical traits through inversion of two native Australian eucalypt species: Eucalyptus dalrympleana and E. delegetensis. The comparison of measured and simulated optical properties revealed the necessity to recalibrate the refractive index and specific absorption coefficients of the eucalypt leaves’ biochemical constituents. Subsequent validation of the modified Fluspect-Cx showed a closer agreement with the spectral measurements. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of reflectance, transmittance and absorptance values within the wavelength interval of 450–1600 nm was smaller than 1%. We compared the performance of both the original and recalibrated Fluspect-Cx versions through inversions aiming to simultaneously retrieve all model inputs from leaf optical properties with and without prior information. The inversion of recalibrated Fluspect-Cx constrained by laboratory-based measurements produced a superior accuracy in estimations of leaf water content (RMSE = 0.0013 cm, NRMSE = 6.55%) and dry matter content (RMSE = 0.0036 g·cm−2, NRMSE = 21.28%). The estimation accuracies of chlorophyll content (RMSE = 8.46 µg·cm−2, NRMSE = 24.73%), carotenoid content (RMSE = 3.83 µg·cm−2, NRMSE = 30.82%) and anthocyanin content (RMSE = 1.69 µg·cm−2, NRMSE = 37.12%) were only marginally better than for the inversion without any constraints. Additionally, we investigated the possibility to substitute the prior information derived in the laboratory by non-destructive reflectance-based spectral indices sensitive to the retrieved biochemical traits, resulting in the most accurate estimation of carotenoid content (RMSE = 3.65 µg·cm−2, NRMSE = 29%). Future coupling of the recalibrated Fluspect with a forest canopy RTM is expected to facilitate retrieval of biophysical traits from spectral air/space-borne image data, allowing for assessing the actual physiological status and health of eucalypt forest canopies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Fang S, Cong B, Li T, Yi D, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhang P. The Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans Genome Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Bryophytes and the Adaptation to Extreme Terrestrial Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920138. [PMID: 35783932 PMCID: PMC9247546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic continent has extreme natural environment and fragile ecosystem. Mosses are one of the dominant floras in the Antarctic continent. However, their genomic features and adaptation processes to extreme environments remain poorly understood. Here, we assembled the high-quality genome sequence of the Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) with 698.20 Mb and 22 chromosomes. We found that the high proportion of repeat sequences and a recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) contribute to the large size genome of P. nutans when compared to other bryophytes. The genome of P. nutans harbors the signatures of massive segmental gene duplications and large expansions of gene families, likely facilitating neofunctionalization. Genomic characteristics that may support the Antarctic lifestyle of this moss comprise expanded gene families involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Additional contributions include the significant expansion and upregulation of several genes encoding DNA photolyase, antioxidant enzymes, flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes, possibly reflecting diverse adaptive strategies. Notably, integrated multi-omic analyses elucidate flavonoid biosynthesis may function as the reactive oxygen species detoxification under UV-B radiation. Our studies provide insight into the unique features of the Antarctic moss genome and their molecular responses to extreme terrestrial environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Zhao,
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Pengying Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang H, Liu S, Fan F, Yu Q, Zhang P. A Moss 2-Oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-Dependent Dioxygenases (2-ODD) Gene of Flavonoids Biosynthesis Positively Regulates Plants Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850062. [PMID: 35968129 PMCID: PMC9372559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, the largest group of polyphenolic secondary metabolites present in all land plants, play essential roles in many biological processes and defense against abiotic stresses. In the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, flavones synthase I (FNSI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) all belong to 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) family, which catalyzes the critical oxidative reactions to form different flavonoid subgroups. Here, a novel 2-ODD gene was cloned from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans (Pn2-ODD1) and its functions were investigated both in two model plants, Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 increased the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the transgenic P. patens and Arabidopsis with expressing Pn2-ODD1 exhibited enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stresses, with larger gametophyte sizes, better seed germination, and longer root growth. Heterologous expression of Pn2-ODD1 in Arabidopsis also conferred the tolerance to UV-B radiation and oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant capacity. Therefore, we showed that Pn2-ODD1 participated in the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavonol in transgenic plants, and regulated the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, contributing to the adaptation of P. nutans to the polar environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Fan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Pengying Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu S, Fang S, Liu C, Zhao L, Cong B, Zhang Z. Transcriptomics Integrated With Metabolomics Reveal the Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Antarctic Moss. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:788377. [PMID: 34956286 PMCID: PMC8692278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bryophytes are the dominant vegetation in the Antarctic continent. They have suffered more unpleasant ultraviolet radiation due to the Antarctic ozone layer destruction. However, it remains unclear about the molecular mechanism of Antarctic moss acclimation to UV-B light. Here, the transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were conducted to uncover transcriptional and metabolic profiling of the Antarctic moss Leptobryum pyriforme under UV-B radiation. Totally, 67,290 unigenes with N50 length of 2,055 bp were assembled. Of them, 1,594 unigenes were significantly up-regulated and 3353 unigenes were markedly down-regulated under UV-B radiation. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in UV-B signaling, flavonoid biosynthesis, ROS scavenging, and DNA repair. In addition, a total of 531 metabolites were detected, while flavonoids and anthocyanins accounted for 10.36% of the total compounds. There were 49 upregulated metabolites and 41 downregulated metabolites under UV-B radiation. Flavonoids were the most significantly changed metabolites. qPCR analysis showed that UVR8-COP1-HY5 signaling pathway genes and photolyase genes (i.e., LpUVR3, LpPHR1, and LpDPL) were significantly up-regulated under UV-B light. In addition, the expression levels of JA signaling pathway-related genes (i.e., OPR and JAZ) and flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were also significantly increased under UV-B radiation. The integrative data analysis showed that UVR8-mediated signaling, jasmonate signaling, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and DNA repair system might contribute to L. pyriforme acclimating to UV-B radiation. Therefore, these findings present a novel knowledge for understanding the adaption of Antarctic moss to polar environments and provide a foundation for assessing the impact of global climate change on Antarctic land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Science, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Liu H, Yu Q, Fan F, Liu S, Feng G, Zhang P. A CPD photolyase gene PnPHR1 from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans is involved in the resistance to UV-B radiation and salinity stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:235-244. [PMID: 34385002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In Antarctic continent, the organisms are exposed to high ultraviolet (UV) radiation because of damaged stratospheric ozone. UV causes DNA lesions due to the accumulation of photoproducts. Photolyase can repair UV-damaged DNA in a light-dependent process by electron transfer mechanism. Here, we isolated a CPD photolyase gene PnPHR1 from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, which encodes a protein of theoretical molecular weight of 69.1 KDa. The expression level of PnPHR1 was increased by UV-B irradiation. Enzyme activity assay in vitro showed that PnPHR1 exhibited photoreactivation activity, which can repair CPD photoproducts in a light-dependent manner. The complementation assay of repair-deficient E. coli strain SY2 demonstrated that PnPHR1 gene enhanced the survival rate of SY2 strain after UV-B radiation. Additionally, overexpression of PnPHR1 enhanced the Arabidopsis resistance to UV-B radiation and salinity stress, which also conferred plant tolerance to oxidative stress by decreasing ROS production and increasing ROS clearance. Our work shows that PnPHR1 encodes an active CPD photolyase, which may participate in the adaptation of P. nutans to polar environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Medical Administration Department, Shinan District Health Bureau, Qingdao, 266073, China
| | - Qian Yu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fenghua Fan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Guihua Feng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Orekhova A, Barták M, Casanova-Katny A, Hájek J. Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of samples from the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:653-663. [PMID: 33866664 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific differences in sensitivity of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata from King George Island (KGI) and James Ross Island (JRI) to photoinhibitory treatment were studied in laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Slow (Kautsky) and fast (OJIP) kinetics were used for the measurements. Samples were exposed to a short-term (60 min) photoinhibitory treatment (PIT, 2000 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PAR). The photoinhibitory treatment (PIT) led to photoinhibition which was indicated by the decrease in FV /FM and ΦPSII in KGI but not in JRI samples. However, this decrease was small and full recovery was reached 90 min after PIT termination. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was activated during the PIT, and rapidly relaxed during recovery. Early stages of photoinhibition showed a drop in FV /FM and ΦPSII to minimum values within the first 10 s of the PIT, with their subsequent increase apparent within fast (0-5 min PIT) and slow (5-50 min PIT) phases of adjustment. The PIT caused a decrease in the performance index (Pi_Abs), photosynthetic electron transport per reaction centre (RC) (ET0 /RC). The PIT induced an increase in thermal dissipation per RC (DI0 /RC), effectivity of thermal dissipation (Phi_D0 ), absorption per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping rate per RC (TR0 /RC). In conclusion, PIT led to only slight photoinhibition followed by fast recovery in S. uncinata from KGI and JRI, since FV /FM and ΦPSII returned to pre-photoinhibitory conditions. Therefore, S. uncinata might be considered resistant to photoinhibition even in the wet state. The KGI samples showed higher resistance to photoinhibition than the JRI samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University Temuco, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lobachevska O, Kyyak N, Kordyum E, Khorkavtsiv Y. The role of gravimorphoses in moss adaptation to extreme environment. UKRAINIAN BOTANICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ukrbotj78.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravisensitivity of mosses at different stages of their ontogenesis has an adaptive value and contributes to the functional activity of the gametophyte and its stability under extreme conditions in microhabitats. The aim of our research was to determine the participation of gravimorphoses in the adaptive plasticity of mosses depending on thermal conditions of their habitats and UV radiation effect. The objects of the study were sterile cultures of the following moss protonemata: Weissia tortilis, collected in different thermal conditions of Zaporizhzhya and Lviv regions (Ukraine), Bryum caespiticium from Lviv Region (Ukraine), as well as B. caespiticium and Polytrichum arcticum collected in Antarctica (Galindez Island). In all moss cultures, the gravisensitivity of protonemata, the morphological structure and morphogenesis of stolons were analysed. The protonemata of W. tortilis from two populations in Ukraine and of B. caespiticium from Antarctica and Ukraine, growing under conditions of different UV levels, were compared in terms of their sensitivity to UV radiation. Gravity-dependent morphoses of terrestrial dendrites of W. tortilis under arid conditions, branching of apical cells of gravitropic stolons of Antarctic mosses P. arcticum and B. caespiticium as well as the rapid development of shoots on them demonstrate participation of gravimorphogenesis in adaptation of mosses to stressful environmental conditions. Gravisensitivity and ability to form buds at the apex of a gravitropic stolon are considered an important adaptive morphogenetic process. It has been found that plants of W. tortilis from Zaporizhzhya Region were more resistant to UV irradiation than those from Lviv Region. Antarctic moss after UV irradiation showed significantly higher antioxidants activity and contained larger amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.
Collapse
|
15
|
Vegetation Abundance and Health Mapping Over Southwestern Antarctica Based on WorldView-2 Data and a Modified Spectral Mixture Analysis. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In polar regions, vegetation is especially sensitive to climate dynamics and thus can be used as an indicator of the global and regional environmental change. However, in Antarctica, there is very little information on vegetation distribution and growth status. To fill this gap, we evaluated the ability of both linear and nonlinear spectral mixture analysis (SMA) models, including a group of newly developed modified Nascimento’s models for Antarctic vegetated areas (MNM-AVs), in estimating the abundance of major Antarctic vegetation types, i.e., mosses and lichens. The study was conducted using WorldView-2 satellite data and field measurements over the Fildes Peninsula and its surroundings, which are representative vegetated areas in Antarctica. In MNM-AVs, we introduced secondary scattering components for vegetation and its background to account for the sparsity of vegetation cover and reassigned their coefficients. The new models achieved improved performances, among which MNM-AV3 achieved the lowest error for mosses (lichens) abundance estimation with RMSE = 0.202 (0.213). Compared with MNM-AVs, the linear model performed particularly poor for lichens (RMSE = 0.322), which is in contrast to the case of mosses (RMSE = 0.212), demonstrating that spectral signals of lichens are more prone to mix with their backgrounds. Abundance maps of mosses and lichens, as well as a map of moss health status for the entire study area, were then obtained based on MNM-AV3 with around 80% overall accuracy. Moss areas account for 0.7695 km2 in Fildes and 0.3259 km2 in Ardley Island; unhealthy mosses amounted to 40% (49%) of the area in the summer of 2018 (2019), indicating considerable environmental stress.
Collapse
|
16
|
Neale RE, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Neale PJ, Williamson CE, Zepp RG, Wilson SR, Madronich S, Andrady AL, Heikkilä AM, Bernhard GH, Bais AF, Aucamp PJ, Banaszak AT, Bornman JF, Bruckman LS, Byrne SN, Foereid B, Häder DP, Hollestein LM, Hou WC, Hylander S, Jansen MAK, Klekociuk AR, Liley JB, Longstreth J, Lucas RM, Martinez-Abaigar J, McNeill K, Olsen CM, Pandey KK, Rhodes LE, Robinson SA, Rose KC, Schikowski T, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Ukpebor JE, Wang QW, Wängberg SÅ, White CC, Yazar S, Young AR, Young PJ, Zhu L, Zhu M. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1-67. [PMID: 33721243 PMCID: PMC7816068 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595-828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environmental Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Maryland, USA
| | - C E Williamson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - S Madronich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A L Andrady
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - A M Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G H Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A F Bais
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P J Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, México
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - L S Bruckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S N Byrne
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Applied Medical Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - D-P Häder
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - L M Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems-EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - M A K Jansen
- School of BEES, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J B Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand
| | - J Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - C M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K K Pandey
- Department of Wood Properties and Uses, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - L E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S A Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Global Challenges Program and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - K C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - T Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - K R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - B Sulzberger
- Academic Guest Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - J E Ukpebor
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S-Å Wängberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C C White
- Bee America, 5409 Mohican Rd, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Yazar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Young
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - L Zhu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang H, Liu S, Wang T, Liu H, Xu X, Chen K, Zhang P. The moss flavone synthase I positively regulates the tolerance of plants to drought stress and UV-B radiation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110591. [PMID: 32771149 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are extensively distributed secondary metabolites in land plants. They play a critical role in plant evolution from aquatic to terrestrial and plant adaption to ultraviolet radiation. However, the downstream branching pathway of flavonoids and its regulatory mechanism in bryophytes, which are the most ancient of terrestrial plants, remain unclear. Here, a type I flavone synthase (PnFNSI) was characterized from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans. PnFNSI was primarily distributed in the cytoplasm, as detected by subcellular localization. PnFNSI could catalyze the conversion of naringenin to apigenin with an optimal temperature between 15 and 20 °C in vitro. Overexpression of PnFNSI in Arabidopsis alleviated the growth restriction caused by naringenin and accumulated apigenin product. PnFNSI-overexpressing plants showed enhanced plant tolerance to drought stress and UV-B radiation. PnFNSI also increased the enzyme activities and gene transcription levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, protecting plants against oxidative stress. Moreover, overexpression of PnFNSI enhanced the flavone biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis. Therefore, this moss FNSI-type enzyme participates in flavone metabolism, conferring protection against drought stress and UV-B radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Natural Resources Ministry, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Tailin Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinhui Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Piatkowski BT, Imwattana K, Tripp EA, Weston DJ, Healey A, Schmutz J, Shaw AJ. Phylogenomics reveals convergent evolution of red-violet coloration in land plants and the origins of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 151:106904. [PMID: 32645485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids, one of the largest classes of plant secondary metabolites, are found in lineages that span the land plant phylogeny and play important roles in stress responses and as pigments. Perhaps the most well-studied flavonoids are the anthocyanins that have human health benefits and help plants attract pollinators, regulate hormone production, and confer resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The canonical biochemical pathway responsible for the production of these pigments is well-characterized for flowering plants yet its conservation across deep divergences in land plants remains debated and poorly understood. Many early land plants such as mosses, liverworts, and ferns produce flavonoid pigments, but their biosynthetic origins and homologies to the anthocyanin pathway remain uncertain. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using full genome sequences representing nearly all major green plant lineages to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway then test the hypothesis that genes in this pathway are present in early land plants. We found that the entire pathway was not intact until the most recent common ancestor of seed plants and that orthologs of many downstream enzymes are absent from seedless plants including mosses, liverworts, and ferns. Our results also highlight the utility of phylogenetic inference, as compared to pairwise sequence similarity, in orthology assessment within large gene families that have complex duplication-loss histories. We suggest that the production of red-violet flavonoid pigments widespread in seedless plants, including the 3-deoxyanthocyanins, requires the activity of novel, as-yet discovered enzymes, and represents convergent evolution of red-violet coloration across land plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Piatkowski
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
| | - Karn Imwattana
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Erin A Tripp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Adam Healey
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States; Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - A Jonathan Shaw
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
King DH, Wasley J, Ashcroft MB, Ryan-Colton E, Lucieer A, Chisholm LA, Robinson SA. Semi-Automated Analysis of Digital Photographs for Monitoring East Antarctic Vegetation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:766. [PMID: 32582270 PMCID: PMC7296125 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is affecting Antarctica and minimally destructive long-term monitoring of its unique ecosystems is vital to detect biodiversity trends, and to understand how change is affecting these communities. The use of automated or semi-automated methods is especially valuable in harsh polar environments, as access is limited and conditions extreme. We assessed moss health and cover at six time points between 2003 and 2014 at two East Antarctic sites. Semi-automatic object-based image analysis (OBIA) was used to classify digital photographs using a set of rules based on digital red, green, blue (RGB) and hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) value thresholds, assigning vegetation to categories of healthy, stressed or moribund moss and lichens. Comparison with traditional visual estimates showed that estimates of percent cover using semi-automated OBIA classification fell within the range of variation determined by visual methods. Overall moss health, as assessed using the mean percentages of healthy, stressed and moribund mosses within quadrats, changed over the 11 years at both sites. A marked increase in stress and decline in health was observed across both sites in 2008, followed by recovery to baseline levels of health by 2014 at one site, but with significantly more stressed or moribund moss remaining within the two communities at the other site. Our results confirm that vegetation cover can be reliably estimated using semi-automated OBIA, providing similar accuracy to visual estimation by experts. The resulting vegetation cover estimates provide a sensitive measure to assess change in vegetation health over time and have informed a conceptual framework for the changing condition of Antarctic mosses. In demonstrating that this method can be used to monitor ground cover vegetation at small scales, we suggest it may also be suitable for other extreme environments where repeat monitoring via images is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana H. King
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Wasley
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Antarctic Conservation and Management, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellen Ryan-Colton
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, NT, Australia
| | - Arko Lucieer
- School of Technology, Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Laurie A. Chisholm
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Campos ML, Prado GS, Dos Santos VO, Nascimento LC, Dohms SM, da Cunha NB, Ramada MHS, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Dias SC. Mosses: Versatile plants for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107533. [PMID: 32151692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mosses have long been recognized as powerful experimental tools for the elucidation of complex processes in plant biology. Recent increases in the availability of sequenced genomes and mutant collections, the establishment of novel technologies for targeted mutagenesis, and the development of viable protocols for large-scale production in bioreactors are now transforming mosses into one of the most versatile tools for biotechnological applications. In the present review, we highlight the astonishing biotechnological potential of mosses and how these plants are being exploited for industrial, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications. We focus on the biological features that support their use as model organisms for basic and applied research, and how these are being leveraged to explore the biotechnological potential in an increasing number of species. Finally, we also provide an overview of the available moss cultivation protocols from an industrial perspective, offering insights into batch operations that are not yet well established or do not even exist in the literature. Our goal is to bolster the use of mosses as factories for the biosynthesis of molecules of interest and to show how these species can be harnessed for the generation of novel and commercially useful bioproducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Lattarulo Campos
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Souza Prado
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Olinto Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Lara Camelo Nascimento
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Stephan Machado Dohms
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Nicolau Brito da Cunha
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Soller Ramada
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Centro de Análises Bioquímicas e Proteômicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davies KM, Jibran R, Zhou Y, Albert NW, Brummell DA, Jordan BR, Bowman JL, Schwinn KE. The Evolution of Flavonoid Biosynthesis: A Bryophyte Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32117358 PMCID: PMC7010833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid pathway is one of the best characterized specialized metabolite pathways of plants. In angiosperms, the flavonoids have varied roles in assisting with tolerance to abiotic stress and are also key for signaling to pollinators and seed dispersal agents. The pathway is thought to be specific to land plants and to have arisen during the period of land colonization around 550-470 million years ago. In this review we consider current knowledge of the flavonoid pathway in the bryophytes, consisting of the liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. The pathway is less characterized for bryophytes than angiosperms, and the first genetic and molecular studies on bryophytes are finding both commonalities and significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis and pathway regulation between angiosperms and bryophytes. This includes biosynthetic pathway branches specific to each plant group and the apparent complete absence of flavonoids from the hornworts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David A. Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Brian R. Jordan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John L. Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy E. Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Liu S, Liu H, Chen K, Zhang P. PnSAG1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, enhanced sensitivity to salt stress and ABA. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 141:343-352. [PMID: 31207495 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases play crucial roles in the plant response to abiotic stress and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, but little is known about them in bryophytes. Here, a representative U-box armadillo repeat (PUB-ARM) ubiquitin E3 ligase from Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans (PnSAG1), was explored for its role in abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana and Physcomitrella patens. The expression of PnSAG1 was rapidly induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), salt, cold and drought stresses. PnSAG1 was localized to the cytoplasm and showed E3 ubiquitin ligase activity by in vitro ubiquitination assay. The PnSAG1-overexpressing Arabidopsis enhanced the sensitivity with respect to ABA and salt stress during seed germination and early root growth. Similarly, heterogeneous overexpression of PnSAG1 in P. patens was more sensitive to the salinity and ABA in their gametophyte growth. The analysis by RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of salt stress/ABA-related genes were downregulated in PnSAG1-overexpressing plants after salt treatment. Taken together, our results indicated that PnSAG1 plays a negative role in plant response to ABA and salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- Marine Ecology Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|