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Kazemi MS, Shoari A, Salehibakhsh N, Aliabadi HAM, Abolhosseini M, Arab SS, Ahmadieh H, Kanavi MR, Behdani M. Anti-angiogenic biomolecules in neovascular age-related macular degeneration; therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124258. [PMID: 38782152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Blindness in the elderly is often caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The advanced type of AMD known as neovascular AMD (nAMD) has been linked to being the predominant cause of visual impairment in these people. Multiple neovascular structures including choroidal neovascular (CNV) membranes, fluid exudation, hemorrhages, and subretinal fibrosis, are diagnostic of nAMD. These pathological alterations ultimately lead to anatomical and visual loss. It is known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a type of proangiogenic factor, mediates the pathological process underlying nAMD. Therefore, various therapies have evolved to directly target the disease. In this review article, an attempt has been made to discuss general explanations about this disease, all common treatment methods based on anti-VEGF drugs, and the use of drug delivery systems in the treatment of AMD. Initially, the pathophysiology, angiogenesis, and different types of AMD were described. Then we described current treatments and future treatment prospects for AMD and outlined the advantages and disadvantages of each. In this context, we first examined the types of therapeutic biomolecules and anti-VEGF drugs that are used in the treatment of AMD. These biomolecules include aptamers, monoclonal antibodies, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, peptides, fusion proteins, nanobodies, and other therapeutic biomolecules. Finally, we described drug delivery systems based on liposomes, nanomicelles, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, cyclodextrin, dendrimers, and composite vehicles that are used in AMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Salar Kazemi
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shoari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Neda Salehibakhsh
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hooman Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abolhosseini
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran.
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Vahidi A, Khosravi T, Dastaviz F, Sheikh Arabi M, Khosravi A, Oladnabi M. Niosome-encapsulated auraptene reduced the mRNA expression of VEGF-A and PDGFs genes in human retina-derived RPE cell line. Int J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:1028-1035. [PMID: 38895680 PMCID: PMC11144767 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of auraptene (AUR) treatment in forms of free and encapsulated in niosome nanoparticles by investigating the mRNA expression level of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF)-A and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line. METHODS Niosome nanocarriers were produced using two surfactants Span 60 and Tween 80. RPE cell line was treated with both free AUR and niosome-encapsulated. Optimum dosage of treatments was calculated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression of VEGF-A and PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, PDGF-D genes was measured after total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The highest entrapment efficiency (EE) was achieved by Span 60:cholesterol (1:1) with 64.3%. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of free and niosome-encapsulated AUR were 38.5 and 27.78 µg/mL, respectively. Release study revealed that niosomal AUR had more gradual delivery to the cells. RT-PCR results showed reduced expression levels of VEGF-A, PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, and PDGF-D after treatment with both free and niosomal AUR. CONCLUSION Niosomal formulation of Span 60: cholesterol (1:1) is an effective drug delivery approach to transfer AUR to RPE cells. VEGF-A, PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, and PDGF-D are four angiogenic factors, inhibiting which by niosomal AUR may be effective in age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Vahidi
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
| | - Teymoor Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
| | - Farzad Dastaviz
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sheikh Arabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
| | - Morteza Oladnabi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
- Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174611, Iran
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Carozza G, Zerti D, Tisi A, Ciancaglini M, Maccarrone M, Maccarone R. An overview of retinal light damage models for preclinical studies on age-related macular degeneration: identifying molecular hallmarks and therapeutic targets. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:303-330. [PMID: 38153807 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial disease leading to progressive and irreversible retinal degeneration, whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated yet. Due to the complexity and to the multiple features of the disease, many efforts have been made to develop animal models which faithfully reproduce the overall AMD hallmarks or that are able to mimic the different AMD stages. In this context, light damage (LD) rodent models of AMD represent a suitable and reliable approach to mimic the different AMD forms (dry, wet and geographic atrophy) while maintaining the time-dependent progression of the disease. In this review, we comprehensively reported how the LD paradigms reproduce the main features of human AMD. We discuss the capability of these models to broaden the knowledge in AMD research, with a focus on the mechanisms and the molecular hallmarks underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. We also critically revise the remaining challenges and future directions for the use of LD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Darin Zerti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Ciancaglini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Pollalis D, Calle AG, Martinez-Camarillo JC, Ahluwalia K, Hinman C, Mitra D, Lebkowski J, Lee SY, Thomas BB, Ahmed F, Chan V, Junge JA, Fraser S, Louie S, Humayun M. Scaling up polarized RPE cell supernatant production on parylene membrane. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109789. [PMID: 38242423 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss, primarily arises from the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. Current therapeutic options for dry AMD are limited. Encouragingly, cultured RPE cells on parylene-based biomimetic Bruch's membrane demonstrate characteristics akin to the native RPE layer. In this study, we cultivated human embryonic stem cell-derived polarized RPE (hESC-PRPE) cells on parylene membranes at both small- and large-scale settings, collecting conditioned supernatant, denoted as PRPE-SF. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the morphology of the cultured hESC-RPE cells and the secreted growth factors in PRPE-SF. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of these products, the product was administered via intravitreal injections of PRPE-SF in immunodeficient Royal College of Surgeons (iRCS) rats, a model for retinal degeneration. Our study not only demonstrated the scalability of PRPE-SF production while maintaining RPE cell phenotype but also showed consistent protein concentrations between small- and large-scale batches. We consistently identified 10 key factors in PRPE-SF, including BMP-7, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-6, MANF, PEDF, PDGF-AA, TGFβ1, and VEGF. Following intravitreal administration of PRPE-SF, we observed a significant increase in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and photoreceptor preservation in iRCS rats. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, MANF, PEDF, and TGFβ1 displayed positive associations with in vivo bioactivity, while GDF-15 exhibited a negative correlation. Overall, this study highlights the feasibility of scaling up PRPE-SF production on parylene membranes without compromising its essential constituents. The outcomes of PRPE-SF administration in an animal model of retinal degeneration present substantial potential for photoreceptor preservation. Moreover, the identification of candidate surrogate potency markers, showing strong positive associations with in vivo bioactivity, lays a solid foundation for the development of a promising therapeutic intervention for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Pollalis
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez Calle
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Camarillo
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kabir Ahluwalia
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Cassidy Hinman
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Debbie Mitra
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jane Lebkowski
- Regenerative Patch Technologies LLC, Menlo Park, CA 94028, USA
| | - Sun Young Lee
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Biju B Thomas
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Faizah Ahmed
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Victoria Chan
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jason A Junge
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mark Humayun
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Ng MF, Da Silva Viana J, Tan PJ, Britto DD, Choi SB, Kobayashi S, Samat N, Song DSS, Ogawa S, Parhar IS, Astin JW, Hogan BM, Patel V, Okuda KS. Canthin-6-One Inhibits Developmental and Tumour-Associated Angiogenesis in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:108. [PMID: 38256941 PMCID: PMC10819238 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated angiogenesis play key roles in tumour growth and cancer metastasis. Consequently, several anti-angiogenic drugs such as sunitinib and axitinib have been approved for use as anti-cancer therapies. However, the majority of these drugs target the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway and have shown mixed outcome, largely due to development of resistances and increased tumour aggressiveness. In this study, we used the zebrafish model to screen for novel anti-angiogenic molecules from a library of compounds derived from natural products. From this, we identified canthin-6-one, an indole alkaloid, which inhibited zebrafish intersegmental vessel (ISV) and sub-intestinal vessel development. Further characterisation revealed that treatment of canthin-6-one reduced ISV endothelial cell number and inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), suggesting that canthin-6-one inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. Of note, canthin-6-one did not inhibit VEGFA-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 in HUVECs and downstream phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) in leading ISV endothelial cells in zebrafish, suggesting that canthin-6-one inhibits angiogenesis independent of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway. Importantly, we found that canthin-6-one impairs tumour-associated angiogenesis in a zebrafish B16F10 melanoma cell xenograft model and synergises with VEGFR inhibitor sunitinib malate to inhibit developmental angiogenesis. In summary, we showed that canthin-6-one exhibits anti-angiogenic properties in both developmental and pathological contexts in zebrafish, independent of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway and demonstrate that canthin-6-one may hold value for further development as a novel anti-angiogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fong Ng
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.N.); (P.J.T.); (N.S.); (D.S.S.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Juliana Da Silva Viana
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.D.S.V.); (S.K.); (B.M.H.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Pei Jean Tan
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.N.); (P.J.T.); (N.S.); (D.S.S.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Denver D. Britto
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.D.B.); (J.W.A.)
| | - Sy Bing Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Sakurako Kobayashi
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.D.S.V.); (S.K.); (B.M.H.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Norazwana Samat
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.N.); (P.J.T.); (N.S.); (D.S.S.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Dedrick Soon Seng Song
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.N.); (P.J.T.); (N.S.); (D.S.S.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.O.); (I.S.P.)
| | - Ishwar S. Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.O.); (I.S.P.)
| | - Jonathan W. Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.D.B.); (J.W.A.)
| | - Benjamin M. Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.D.S.V.); (S.K.); (B.M.H.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.N.); (P.J.T.); (N.S.); (D.S.S.S.); (V.P.)
| | - Kazuhide S. Okuda
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.N.); (P.J.T.); (N.S.); (D.S.S.S.); (V.P.)
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (J.D.S.V.); (S.K.); (B.M.H.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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Beraldo DP, Rezende MP, Alexander JG, Polido J, Belfort R, Cabral T. Correlations between subfoveal choroidal thickness, macular thickness, and visual outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using swept source OCT: insights from intravitreal aflibercept treatment. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:70. [PMID: 37968771 PMCID: PMC10652476 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment among individuals aged 50 and above, often resulting in irreversible vision loss (1). Currently, antiangiogenic therapy is the primary treatment approach for neovascular AMD (2). The choroid has gained significant attention in recent years due to its involvement in various ocular pathologies (7). The objective of this study was to evaluate visual acuity and correlate pre-treatment variables, such as foveal thickness and choroidal thickness, with post-treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was designed as a prospective interventional study to investigate the changes in choroidal and macular thickness in patients with neovascular AMD who received intravitreal aflibercept injections. The study utilized medical records and employed Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT-SS) for evaluation. The data was collected from patients treated in Presidente Prudente, Brazil, during a three-month load dose period. RESULTS The best-corrected mean visual acuity significantly improved from 1.0 logarithm of the minimum resolution angle (logMAR) units to 0.55 logMAR after treatment with aflibercept (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing treatment exhibited a significant decrease in average macular thickness from 323 μm to 232 μm (p = 0.001), as well as a reduction in choroidal thickness from 206 μm to 172 μm (p = 0.031), while maintaining intraocular pressure within the normal range (p = 0.719) without significant variation. Statistically significant associations were found between the difference in pre- and post-treatment choroidal thickness and the pretreatment values of macular thickness (p = 0.005) and choroidal thickness (p = 0.013). There was also a statistically significant correlation between the difference in pre- and post-treatment macular thickness and the pretreatment macular thickness value (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, aflibercept exhibited remarkable effectiveness in reducing macular and choroidal thickness, as evaluated using OCT-SS, and significantly improved visual acuity in patients with neovascular AMD. The assessment of both choroidal and macular changes, as well as their correlations, can provide valuable insights for clinicians, enabling them to make well-informed therapeutic decisions and effectively monitor treatment outcomes. Notably, this study contributes to the existing body of literature as the first to establish a correlation between pretreatment foveal thickness, variation in choroidal thickness, and post-treatment choroidal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Beraldo
- Clínica Oftalmo-Retina, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Marcussi P Rezende
- Clínica Oftalmo-Retina, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - João G Alexander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Júlia Polido
- Department of Specialized Medicine, CCS and Vision Center Unit, Ophthalmology, EBSERH/HUCAM, CCS-UFES-Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cabral
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
- Department of Specialized Medicine, CCS and Vision Center Unit, Ophthalmology, EBSERH/HUCAM, CCS-UFES-Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, 29047-105, Brazil.
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7
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Gomaa AR, Bedda AM, ElGoweini HF, Taleb RSZ, Saleh AMA. Study of aqueous humour inflammatory mediators' levels in a cohort of Egyptian patients with diabetic macular oedema. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:456. [PMID: 37964190 PMCID: PMC10644411 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to study aqueous humour inflammatory mediators' levels in a cohort of Egyptian patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO). METHODS This was a case-control prospective study conducted on 2 groups: 25 eyes of 22 (11 females) patients seeking treatment for DMO as patients group, and 10 eyes of 10 (4 females) cataract patients as a control group. Aqueous humour was aspirated before intravitreal injection (patients' group) or cataract surgery (control group). Inflammatory mediators in aqueous humour were measured using a multiplex bead immunoassay kit of 27 pre-mixed cytokines. RESULTS Eotaxin, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) were found significantly higher in patients' group compared to control group (p = 0.043, 0.037, 0.001, 0.015 respectively). On the contrary, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were found significantly higher in control group than patients' group (p = 0.003, 0.019 respectively). Basic fibroblast growth factor (Basic-FGF/FGF-2) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were found higher (but not statistically significant) in controls (p = 0.100 and 0.070 respectively). Additionally, a negative and significant correlation was found between Eotaxin level in aqueous humour and central macular thickness. CONCLUSIONS Some mediators might be implicated in the pathogenesis of DMO either augmenting or suppressing role. Eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1 and IL-8 might have a role in cases not responding to standard anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. IL-1ra might have a protective role; therefore, the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of IL-1ra homologue needs to be studied in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ramadan Gomaa
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21517, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Magdy Bedda
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21517, Egypt
| | - Hesham Fouad ElGoweini
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21517, Egypt
| | - Raghda Saad Zaghloul Taleb
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21517, Egypt.
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Latifi-Navid H, Barzegar Behrooz A, Jamehdor S, Davari M, Latifinavid M, Zolfaghari N, Piroozmand S, Taghizadeh S, Bourbour M, Shemshaki G, Latifi-Navid S, Arab SS, Soheili ZS, Ahmadieh H, Sheibani N. Construction of an Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diagnostic and Therapeutic Molecular Network Using Multi-Layer Network Analysis, a Fuzzy Logic Model, and Deep Learning Techniques: Are Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Disorders Related? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1555. [PMID: 38004422 PMCID: PMC10674956 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the elderly. The current management of nAMD is limited and involves regular intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, the effectiveness of these treatments is limited by overlapping and compensatory pathways leading to unresponsiveness to anti-VEGF treatments in a significant portion of nAMD patients. Therefore, a system view of pathways involved in pathophysiology of nAMD will have significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to identify proteins, miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), various metabolites, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a significant role in the pathogenesis of nAMD. To accomplish this goal, we conducted a multi-layer network analysis, which identified 30 key genes, six miRNAs, and four lncRNAs. We also found three key metabolites that are common with AMD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Moreover, we identified nine key SNPs and their related genes that are common among AMD, AD, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, our findings suggest that there exists a connection between nAMD and the aforementioned neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, our study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence, specifically the LSTM network, a fuzzy logic model, and genetic algorithms, to identify important metabolites in complex metabolic pathways to open new avenues for the design and/or repurposing of drugs for nAMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Saleh Jamehdor
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838636, Iran;
| | - Maliheh Davari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Masoud Latifinavid
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, 06790 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Narges Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Somayeh Piroozmand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Sepideh Taghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mahsa Bourbour
- Department of Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran;
| | - Golnaz Shemshaki
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore 570005, India;
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran;
| | - Seyed Shahriar Arab
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran;
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 1497716316, Iran; (H.L.-N.); (M.D.); (N.Z.); (S.P.); (S.T.); (Z.-S.S.)
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1666673111, Iran;
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Denes V, Lukats A, Szarka G, Subicz R, Mester A, Kovacs-Valasek A, Geck P, Berta G, Herczeg R, Postyeni E, Gyenesei A, Gabriel R. Long-term Effects of the pituitary-adenylate cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP38) in the Adult Mouse Retina: Microglial Activation and Induction of Neural Proliferation. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3430-3446. [PMID: 37466802 PMCID: PMC10514177 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The degenerative retinal disorders characterized by progressive cell death and exacerbating inflammation lead ultimately to blindness. The ubiquitous neuropeptide, PACAP38 is a promising therapeutic agent as its proliferative potential and suppressive effect on microglia might enable cell replacement and attenuate inflammation, respectively. Our previous finding that PACAP38 caused a marked increase of the amacrine cells in the adult (1-year-old) mouse retina, served as a rationale of the current study. We aimed to determine the proliferating elements and the inflammatory status of the PACAP38-treated retina. Three months old mice were intravitreally injected with 100 pmol PACAP38 at 3 months intervals (3X). Retinas of 1-year-old animals were dissected and effects on cell proliferation, and expression of inflammatory regulators were analyzed. Interestingly, both mitogenic and anti-mitogenic actions were detected after PACAP38-treatment. Further analysis of the mitogenic effect revealed that proliferating cells include microglia, endothelial cells, and neurons of the ganglion cell layer but not amacrine cells. Furthermore, PACAP38 stimulated retinal microglia to polarize dominantly into M2-phenotype but also might cause subsequent angiogenesis. According to our results, PACAP38 might dampen pro-inflammatory responses and help tissue repair by reprogramming microglia into an M2 phenotype, nonetheless, with angiogenesis as a warning side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Denes
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Akos Lukats
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Translational Retina Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szarka
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Rovena Subicz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Mester
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovacs-Valasek
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Peter Geck
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Herczeg
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Etelka Postyeni
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság str, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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10
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Bora K, Kushwah N, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Wang Z, Chen J. Assessment of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37887287 PMCID: PMC10605292 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Kushwah N, Bora K, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Chen J. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1379. [PMID: 37507918 PMCID: PMC10376043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in aging-related eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and glaucoma. With age, antioxidant reparative capacity decreases, and excess levels of reactive oxygen species produce oxidative damage in many ocular cell types underling age-related pathologies. In AMD, loss of central vision in the elderly is caused primarily by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and degeneration and/or choroidal neovascularization that trigger malfunction and loss of photo-sensing photoreceptor cells. Along with various genetic and environmental factors that contribute to AMD, aging and age-related oxidative damage have critical involvement in AMD pathogenesis. To this end, dietary intake of antioxidants is a proven way to scavenge free radicals and to prevent or slow AMD progression. This review focuses on AMD and highlights the pathogenic role of oxidative stress in AMD from both clinical and experimental studies. The beneficial roles of antioxidants and dietary micronutrients in AMD are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Gjølberg TT, Wik JA, Johannessen H, Krüger S, Bassi N, Christopoulos PF, Bern M, Foss S, Petrovski G, Moe MC, Haraldsen G, Fosse JH, Skålhegg BS, Andersen JT, Sundlisæter E. Antibody blockade of Jagged1 attenuates choroidal neovascularization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3109. [PMID: 37253747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reduces choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and retinal edema, rescuing vision in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). However, poor response and resistance to anti-VEGF treatment occurs. We report that targeting the Notch ligand Jagged1 by a monoclonal antibody reduces neovascular lesion size, number of activated phagocytes and inflammatory markers and vascular leakage in an experimental CNV mouse model. Additionally, we demonstrate that Jagged1 is expressed in mouse and human eyes, and that Jagged1 expression is independent of VEGF signaling in human endothelial cells. When anti-Jagged1 was combined with anti-VEGF in mice, the decrease in lesion size exceeded that of either antibody alone. The therapeutic effect was solely dependent on blocking, as engineering antibodies to abolish effector functions did not impair the therapeutic effect. Targeting of Jagged1 alone or in combination with anti-VEGF may thus be an attractive strategy to attenuate CNV-bearing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torleif Tollefsrud Gjølberg
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Aakre Wik
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Division of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Krüger
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicola Bassi
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Malin Bern
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten C Moe
- Center of Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Hol Fosse
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Division of Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eirik Sundlisæter
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Cicchetto AC, Jacobson EC, Sunshine H, Wilde BR, Krall AS, Jarrett KE, Sedgeman L, Turner M, Plath K, Iruela-Arispe ML, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Christofk HR. ZFP36-mediated mRNA decay regulates metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112411. [PMID: 37086408 PMCID: PMC10332406 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is tightly regulated by growth factor signaling, which promotes metabolic rewiring to support growth and proliferation. While growth factor-induced transcriptional and post-translational modes of metabolic regulation have been well defined, whether post-transcriptional mechanisms impacting mRNA stability regulate this process is less clear. Here, we present the ZFP36/L1/L2 family of RNA-binding proteins and mRNA decay factors as key drivers of metabolic regulation downstream of acute growth factor signaling. We quantitatively catalog metabolic enzyme and nutrient transporter mRNAs directly bound by ZFP36 following growth factor stimulation-many of which encode rate-limiting steps in metabolic pathways. Further, we show that ZFP36 directly promotes the mRNA decay of Enolase 2 (Eno2), altering Eno2 protein expression and enzymatic activity, and provide evidence of a ZFP36/Eno2 axis during VEGF-stimulated developmental retinal angiogenesis. Thus, ZFP36-mediated mRNA decay serves as an important mode of metabolic regulation downstream of growth factor signaling within dynamic cell and tissue states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Cicchetto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elsie C Jacobson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Sunshine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Blake R Wilde
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abigail S Krall
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey E Jarrett
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Sedgeman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Rouvas A, Bouratzis N, Georgalas I, Gouliopoulos N. Is there any association between the frequency of wet age-related macular degeneration recurrences and the seasons of the year? Int Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10792-023-02732-z. [PMID: 37162702 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether a seasonal distribution of the frequency of exudative age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) recurrences exists. METHODS In total, 129 eyes with 171 recurrences in patients suffering from wet AMD were included in the study. All the patients had been treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections according to Pro Re Nata treatment regimen. Recurrence was defined as the re-detection of sub-retinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, and/or sub-macular hemorrhage in optical coherence tomography scans, after at least two consecutive monthly examinations with a "dry" macula. The year was divided in three 4-month periods (zone A: June-September, zone B: October-January, and zone C: February-May) based on the weather conditions prevailing in each period. Mean temperature and hours of sunlight exposure were the main weather markers recorded. RESULTS Eighty-two recurrences (48%) occurred during the period June-September, 50 (29.2%) during the period October-January, and 39 (22.8%) during the period February-May (Chi-square = 17.5, p < 0.001). Among the groups, neither patients' age (78 ± 8 years A, 76 ± 7 years B, and 79 ± 8 years C, p = 0.15) nor gender status (40% men A, 36% men B, and 51% men C, p = 0.35) differed significantly. Mean temperature was 27.6 ± 1.8 °C, 15.1 ± 4.6 °C, and 16.5 ± 4.4 °C in zones A, B, and C, respectively. Hours (h) of sunlight exposure (average hours/month) were 344 ± 34 h, 188 ± 42 h, and 223 ± 57 h in zones A, B, and C. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the frequency of wet AMD recurrences is significantly elevated during the warmer months, possibly due to the higher levels of UV radiation and mean temperature. Further research is necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Rouvas
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' General Hospital Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouratzis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' General Hospital Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Haidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Georgalas
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'G. Gennimatas' General Hospital, Holargos, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gouliopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' General Hospital Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Haidari, Athens, Greece.
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15
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González-Zamora J, Hernandez M, Recalde S, Bezunartea J, Montoliu A, Bilbao-Malavé V, Llorente-González S, García-Layana A, Fernández-Robredo P. Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 Is Associated with Age-Related Choroidal Neovascularization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040884. [PMID: 37107259 PMCID: PMC10135211 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe vision loss in older individuals in developed countries. Despite advances in our understanding of AMD, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been proposed to play a role in AMD development. In this study, we aimed to characterize MMP-13 in AMD. We used retinal pigment epithelial cells, a murine model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, and plasma samples from patients with neovascular AMD to conduct our study. Our results show that MMP13 expression significantly increased under oxidative stress conditions in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. In the murine model, MMP13 was overexpressed in both retinal pigment epithelial cells and endothelial cells during choroidal neovascularization. Additionally, the total MMP13 levels in the plasma of patients with neovascular AMD were significantly lower than those in the control group. This suggests a reduced diffusion from the tissues or release from circulating cells in the bloodstream, given that the number and function of monocytes have been reported to be deficient in patients with AMD. Although more studies are needed to elucidate the role of MMP13 in AMD, it could be a promising therapeutic target for treating AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Zamora
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Montoliu
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Llorente-González
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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16
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Su W, Liu C, Jiang X, Lv Y, Chen Q, Shi J, Zhang H, Ma Q, Ge C, Kong F, Li X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Qu D. An intravitreal-injectable hydrogel depot doped borneol-decorated dual-drug-coloaded microemulsions for long-lasting retina delivery and synergistic therapy of wAMD. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:71. [PMID: 36859261 PMCID: PMC9976542 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained retina drug delivery and rational drug combination are considered essential for enhancing the efficacy of therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) due to the conservative structure of the posterior ocular segment and the multi-factorial pathological mechanism. Designing a drug co-delivery system that can simultaneously achieve deep penetration and long-lasting retention in the vitreous is highly desired, yet remains a huge challenge. In this study, we fabricated Bor/RB-M@TRG as an intravitreal-injectable hydrogel depot for deep penetration into the posterior ocular segment and long-lasting distribution in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. The Bor/RB-M@TRG consisted of borneol-decorated rhein and baicalein-coloaded microemulsions (Bor/RB-M, the therapy entity) and a temperature-responsive hydrogel matrix (the intravitreal depot). Bor/RB-M exhibited the strongest in vitro anti-angiogenic effects among all the groups studied, which is potentially associated with improved cellular uptake, as well as the synergism of rhein and baicalein, acting via anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidative stress pathways, respectively. Importantly, a single intravitreal (IVT) injection with Bor/RB-M@TRG displayed significant inhibition against the CNV of wAMD model mice, compared to all other groups. Particularly, coumarin-6-labeled Bor/RB-M@TRG (Bor/C6-M@TRG) could not only deeply penetrate into the retina but also stably accumulate in the RPE layer for at least 14 days. Our design integrates the advantages of borneol-decorated microemulsions and hydrogel depots, offering a promising new approach for clinically-translatable retinal drug delivery and synergistic anti-wAMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Su
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Congyan Liu
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China ,grid.496727.90000 0004 1790 425XJiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Xi Jiang
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Yanli Lv
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China ,grid.496727.90000 0004 1790 425XJiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Qin Chen
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Huangqin Zhang
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China ,grid.496727.90000 0004 1790 425XJiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Qiuling Ma
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Chang Ge
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Fei Kong
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China ,grid.496727.90000 0004 1790 425XJiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Yuping Liu
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China ,grid.496727.90000 0004 1790 425XJiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Yan Chen
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028 China ,grid.496727.90000 0004 1790 425XJiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, 210028 China
| | - Ding Qu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Road, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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17
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Khachigian LM, Liew G, Teo KYC, Wong TY, Mitchell P. Emerging therapeutic strategies for unmet need in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Transl Med 2023; 21:133. [PMID: 36810060 PMCID: PMC9942398 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab and faricimab have revolutionized the clinical management of nAMD. However, there remains an unmet clinical need for new and improved therapies for nAMD, since many patients do not respond optimally, may lose response over time or exhibit sub-optimal durability, impacting on real world effectiveness. Evidence is emerging that targeting VEGF-A alone, as most agents have done until recently, may be insufficient and agents that target multiple pathways (e.g., aflibercept, faricimab and others in development) may be more efficacious. This article reviews issues and limitations that have arisen from the use of existing anti-VEGF agents, and argues that the future may lie in multi-targeted therapies including alternative agents and modalities that target both the VEGF ligand/receptor system as well as other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M. Khachigian
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Gerald Liew
- grid.476921.fCentre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kelvin Y. C. Teo
- grid.419272.b0000 0000 9960 1711Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- grid.419272.b0000 0000 9960 1711Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Mitchell
- grid.476921.fCentre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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18
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Gruver S, Rata S, Peshkin L, Kirschner MW. Identification of kinases activated by multiple pro-angiogenic growth factors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1022722. [PMID: 36686695 PMCID: PMC9847502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1022722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy began as an effort to inhibit VEGF signaling, which was thought to be the sole factor driving tumor angiogenesis. It has become clear that there are more pro-angiogenic growth factors that can substitute for VEGF during tumor vascularization. This has led to the development of multi-kinase inhibitors which simultaneously target multiple growth factor receptors. These inhibitors perform better than monotherapies yet to date no multi-kinase inhibitor targets all receptors known to be involved in pro-angiogenic signaling and resistance inevitably occurs. Given the large number of pro-angiogenic growth factors identified, it may be impossible to simultaneously target all pro-angiogenic growth factor receptors. Here we search for kinase targets, some which may be intracellularly localized, that are critical in endothelial cell proliferation irrespective of the growth factor used. We develop a quantitative endothelial cell proliferation assay and combine it with "kinome regression" or KIR, a recently developed method capable of identifying kinases that influence a quantitative phenotype. We report the kinases implicated by KIR and provide orthogonal evidence of their importance in endothelial cell proliferation. Our approach may point to a new strategy to develop a more complete anti-angiogenic blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gruver
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott Rata
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonid Peshkin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Martins B, Fernandes R. Disturbed Matrix Metalloproteinases Activity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:21-26. [PMID: 37440009 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a tightly regulated family of proteolytic enzymes that break down extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane components. Because it is associated with development, morphogenesis, tissue remodeling, and repair, ECM remodeling is an important mechanism. MMPs are thought to act as a double-edged sword, as they contribute to maintaining photoreceptors/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane (BM)/choroid complex homeostasis and also contribute to the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Polymorphisms and/or altered expression in MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we review the evidence for MMPs' role in the onset and progression of AMD via addressing their regulation and TIMPs' significant regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Urbonavičiūtė D, Buteikienė D, Janulevičienė I. A Review of Neovascular Glaucoma: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121870. [PMID: 36557072 PMCID: PMC9787124 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a rare, aggressive, blinding secondary glaucoma, which is characterized by neovascularization of the anterior segment of the eye and leading to elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP). The main etiological factor is retinal ischemia leading to an impaired homeostatic balance between the angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. High concentrations of vasogenic substances such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induce neovascularization of the iris (NVI) and neovascularization of the angle (NVA) that limits the outflow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and increases the IOP. NVG clinical, if untreated, progresses from secondary open-angle glaucoma to angle-closure glaucoma, leading to irreversible blindness. It is an urgent ophthalmic condition; early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to preserve vision and prevent eye loss. The management of NVG requires the cooperation of retinal and glaucoma specialists. The treatment of NVG includes both control of the underlying disease and management of IOP. The main goal is the prevention of angle-closure glaucoma by combining panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and antiangiogenic therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize the current available knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis, and symptoms of NVG and determine the most effective treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielė Urbonavičiūtė
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6112-7522
| | - Dovilė Buteikienė
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Janulevičienė
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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21
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Liu Z, Shi H, Xu J, Yang Q, Ma Q, Mao X, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Da Q, Cai Y, Fulton DJ, Dong Z, Sodhi A, Caldwell RB, Huo Y. Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal microglia types associated with proliferative retinopathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160940. [PMID: 36264636 PMCID: PMC9746914 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is a major cause of irreversible blindness in individuals of all age groups with proliferative retinopathy (PR). Mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) within neovascular areas contribute to aberrant retinal angiogenesis. Due to their cellular heterogeneity, defining the roles of MP subsets in PR onset and progression has been challenging. Here, we aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of microglia associated with neovascularization and to characterize the transcriptional profiles and metabolic pathways of proangiogenic microglia in a mouse model of oxygen-induced PR (OIR). Using transcriptional single-cell sorting, we comprehensively mapped all microglia populations in retinas of room air (RA) and OIR mice. We have unveiled several unique types of PR-associated microglia (PRAM) and identified markers, signaling pathways, and regulons associated with these cells. Among these microglia subpopulations, we found a highly proliferative microglia subset with high self-renewal capacity and a hypermetabolic microglia subset that expresses high levels of activating microglia markers, glycolytic enzymes, and proangiogenic Igf1. IHC staining shows that these PRAM were spatially located within or around neovascular tufts. These unique types of microglia have the potential to promote retinal angiogenesis, which may have important implications for future treatment of PR and other pathological ocular angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center and,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiean Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Mao
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qingen Da
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongfeng Cai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J.R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Arrigo A, Aragona E, Bandello F. VEGF-targeting drugs for the treatment of retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy. Ann Med 2022; 54:1089-1111. [PMID: 35451900 PMCID: PMC9891228 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2064541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microangiopathic complication of diabetes mellitus, representing a major cause of visual impairment in developed countries. Proliferative DR (PDR) represents the last stage of this extremely complex retinal disease, characterized by the development of neovascularization induced by the abnormal production and release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The term VEGF includes different isoforms; VEGF-A represents one of the most important pathogenic factors of DR. Anti-VEGF intravitreal therapies radically changed the outcome of DR, due to combined anti-angiogenic and anti-edematous activities. Nowadays, several anti-VEGF molecules exist, characterized by different pharmacological features and duration. With respect to PDR, although anti-VEGF treatments represented a fundamental step forward in the management of this dramatic complication, a big debate is present in the literature regarding the role of anti-VEGF as substitute of panretinal photocoagulation or if these two approaches may be used in combination. In the present review, we provided an update on VEGF isoforms and their role in DR pathogenesis, on current anti-VEGF molecules and emerging new drugs, and on the current management strategies of PDR. There is an overall agreement regarding the relative advantage provided by anti-VEGF, especially looking at the management of PDR patients requiring vitrectomy, with respect to laser. Based on the current data, laser approaches might be avoided when a perfectly planned anti-VEGF therapeutic strategy can be adopted. Conversely, laser treatment may have a role for those patients unable to guarantee enough compliance to anti-VEGF injections.Key messagesVEGF increased production, stimulated by retinal hypoperfusion and ischaemia, is a major pathogenic factor of neovascular complication onset in diabetic retinopathy and of DR stages progression.Nowadays, several anti-VEGF molecules are available in clinical practice and other molecules are currently under investigation. Each anti-VEGF molecule is characterized by different targets and may interact with multiple biochemical pathways within the eye.All the data agreed in considering anti-VEGF molecules as a first line choice for the management of diabetic retinopathy. Laser treatments may have a role in selected advanced cases and for those patients unable to guarantee enough compliance to intravitreal treatments schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arrigo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Aragona
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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23
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Daníelsson SB, García‐Llorca A, Reynisson H, Eysteinsson T. Mouse microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) mutations affect the structure of the retinal vasculature. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:911-918. [PMID: 35348289 PMCID: PMC9790633 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mice carrying pathogenic variants in the microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) gene show structural and functional changes in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. The purpose of this study was to assess the vascular changes in Mitf mice carrying pathogenic variants by determining their retinal vessel diameter. METHODS Mice examined in this study were: B6-Mitfmi-vga9/+ (n = 6), B6-Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) (n = 6) and C57BL/6J wild type mice (n = 6), all 3 months old. Fundus images were taken with a Micron IV camera after intraperitoneal injection of fluorescein salt. Images were adjusted to enhance contrast and a custom written MATLAB program used to extract the mean vascular diameter at a pre-defined distance from the optic disc. The number of vessels, mean diameter and mean total diameter were examined. RESULTS The mean diameter of retinal veins in Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) mice was 18.8% larger than in wild type (p = 0.026). No differences in the mean diameter of the retinal arteries were found between the genotypes. Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) mice have 17.2% more retinal arteries (p = 0.026), and 15.6% more retinal veins (p = 0.041) than wild type. A 24.8% increase was observed in the mean combined arterial diameter in mice with the Mitfmi-enu22(398)/ Mitfmi-enu22(398) compared to wild type mice (p = 0.024). A 38.6% increase was found in the mean combined venular diameter in mice with the Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) pathogenic variation as compared to wild type (p = 0.004). The mean combined retinal venular diameter in the Mitfmi-vga9/+ mice was 17.8% larger than in wild type (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION An increase in vascularization of the retina in Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) mice was found, indicating an increased demand for blood flow to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefán Broddi Daníelsson
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Andrea García‐Llorca
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Hallur Reynisson
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Thor Eysteinsson
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
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24
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Cao Y. Blood vessels in fat tissues and vasculature-derived signals in controlling lipid metabolism and metabolic disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2647-2652. [PMID: 36382988 PMCID: PMC9943976 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Non-canonical Wnt signaling in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Vieira JMF, Zamproni LN, Wendt CHC, Rocha de Miranda K, Lindoso RS, Won Han S. Overexpression of mir-135b and mir-210 in mesenchymal stromal cells for the enrichment of extracellular vesicles with angiogenic factors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272962. [PMID: 35972944 PMCID: PMC9380919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known as molecular carriers involved in cell communication and the regulation of (patho)physiological processes. miRNAs and growth factors are the main contents of EVs which make them a good candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by ischemia, but the low production of EVs by a cell producer and a significant variation of the molecular contents in EVs according to the cell source are the main limitations of their widespread use. Here, we show how to improve the therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) by modifying MSCs to enrich these EVs with specific angiomiRs (miR-135b or miR-210) using lentiviral vectors carrying miR-135b or miR-210. MSCs were obtained from the mouse bone marrow and transduced with a corresponding lentivector to overexpress miR-135b or miR-210. The EVs were then isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized using a flow cytometer and a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. The levels of 20 genes in the MSCs and 12 microRNAs in both MSCs and EVs were assessed by RT‒qPCR. The proangiogenic activity of EVs was subsequently assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results confirmed the overexpression of the respective microRNA in modified MSCs. Moreover, miR-135b overexpression upregulated miR-210-5p and follistatin, whereas the overexpression of miR-210 downregulated miR-221 and upregulated miR-296. The tube formation assay showed that EVs from MSCs overexpressing miR-210-5p (EVmiR210) significantly promoted tubular structure formation in HUVECs. A significant increase in angiogenic proteins (PGF, endothelin 1, and artemin) and genes (VEGF, activin A, and IGFBP1) in HUVECs treated with VEmiR210 justifies the better tubular structure formation of these cells compared with that of EVmiR135b-treated HUVECs, which showed upregulated expression of only artemin. Collectively, our results show that the EV cargo can be modified by lentiviral vectors to enrich specific miRNAs to achieve a specific angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camila H C Wendt
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kildare Rocha de Miranda
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging/CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Activity of ROCKII not ROCKI promotes pulmonary metastasis of melanoma cells via modulating Smad2/3-MMP9 and FAK-Src-VEGF signalling. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110389. [PMID: 35718242 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibition decreases tumourogenic growth, proliferation and angiogenesis. Multifaceted evidences are there about the role of ROCK in cancer progression, but isoform specific analysis in secondary pulmonary melanoma is still unaddressed. This study explored the operating function of ROCK in the metastasis of B16F10 mice melanoma cell line. Inhibition by KD-025 indicated dual wielding role of ROCKII as it is associated with the regulation of MMP9 activity responsible for extra-cellular matrix (ECM) degradation as well as angiogenic invasion as an effect of Src-FAK-STAT3 interaction dependent VEGF switching. We found the assisting role of ROCKII, not ROCKI in nuclear localization of Smads that effectively increased MMP9 expression and activity (p < 0.01). This cleaved the protein components of ECM thereby played a crucial role in tissue remodeling at secondary site during establishment of metastatic tumour. ROCKII phosphorylation at Ser1366 as an activation of the same was imprinted essential for oncogenic molecular bagatelle leading to histo-architectural change of pulmonary tissue with extracellular matrix degradation as a consequence of invasion. Direct correlation of pROCKIISer1366 with MMP9 as well as VEGF expression in vivo studies cue to demonstrate the importance of pROCKIISer1366 inhibition in the context of angiogenesis, and metastasis suggesting ROCKII signaling as a possible target for the treatment of secondary lung cancer specially in metastatic melanoma.
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28
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Hadady H, Karamali F, Ejeian F, Soroushzadeh S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Potential neuroprotective effect of stem cells from apical papilla derived extracellular vesicles enriched by lab-on-chip approach during retinal degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:350. [PMID: 35672609 PMCID: PMC11071776 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD) is recognized as a frequent cause of visual impairments, including inherited (Retinitis pigmentosa) and degenerative (age-related macular) eye diseases. Dental stem cells (DSCs) have recently demonstrated a promising neuroprotection potential for ocular diseases through a paracrine manner carried out by extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, effective isolation of EVs is still challenging, and isolation methods determine the composition of enriched EVs and the subsequent biological and functional effects. In the present study, we assessed two enrichment methods (micro-electromechanical systems and ultrafiltration) to isolate the EVs from stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). The size distribution of the corresponding isolates exhibited the capability of each method to enrich different subsets of EVs, which significantly impacts their biological and functional effects. We confirmed the neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory capacity of the SCAP-EVs in vitro. Further experiments revealed the possible therapeutic effects of subretinal injection of SCAP-EVs in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat model. We found that EVs enriched by the micro-electromechanical-based device (MEMS-EVs) preserved visual function, reduced retinal cell apoptosis, and prevented thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL). Interestingly, the effect of MEMS-EVs was extended to the retinal ganglion cell/retinal nerve fiber layer (GCL/RNFL). This study supports the use of the microfluidics approach to enrich valuable subsets of EVs, together with the choice of SCAP as a source to derive EVs for cell-free therapy of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Hadady
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sareh Soroushzadeh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Zhao X, Seah I, Xue K, Wong W, Tan QSW, Ma X, Lin Q, Lim JYC, Liu Z, Parikh BH, Mehta KN, Lai JW, Yang B, Tran KC, Barathi VA, Cheong KH, Hunziker W, Su X, Loh XJ. Antiangiogenic Nanomicelles for the Topical Delivery of Aflibercept to Treat Retinal Neovascular Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108360. [PMID: 34726299 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The traditional intravitreal injection delivery of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) to the posterior segment of the eye for treatment of retinal diseases is invasive and associated with sight-threatening complications. To avoid such complications, there has been significant interest in developing polymers for topical drug delivery to the retina. This study reports a nanomicelle drug delivery system made of a copolymer EPC (nEPCs), which is capable of delivering aflibercept to the posterior segment topically through corneal-scleral routes. EPC is composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and polycaprolactone (PCL) segments. In this study, aflibercept-loaded nEPCs (nEPCs + A) are capable of penetrating the cornea in ex vivo porcine eye models and deliver a clinically significant amount of aflibercept to the retina in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) murine models, causing CNV regression. nEPCs + A also demonstrate biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, this study also suggests that nEPCs have intrinsic antiangiogenic properties. The ability to deliver anti-VEGF drugs and the intrinsic antiangiogenic properties of nEPCs may result in synergistic effects, which can be harnessed for effective therapeutics. nEPCs may be a promising topical anti-VEGF delivery platform for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Ivan Seah
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
| | - Wendy Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Queenie Shu Woon Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Bhav Harshad Parikh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Karishma N Mehta
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT), SIT@Dover, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore, 138 683, Singapore
| | - Joel Weijia Lai
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487 372, Singapore
| | - Binxia Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Kim Chi Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169 857, Singapore
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487 372, Singapore
- SUTD-Massachusetts Institute of Technology International Design Centre, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487 372, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
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Nathan J, Shameera R, Palanivel G. Studying molecular signaling in major angiogenic diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2433-2450. [PMID: 35581517 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The growth of blood vessels from already existing vasculature is angiogenesis and it is one of the fundamental processes in fetal development, tissue damage or repair, and the reproductive cycle. In a healthy person, angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. However, when the balance is disturbed, it results in various diseases or disorders. The angiogenesis pathway is a sequential cascade and differs based on the stimuli. Therefore, targeting one of the factors involved in the process can help us find a therapeutic strategy to treat irregular angiogenesis. In the past three decades of cancer research, angiogenesis has been at its peak, where an anti-angiogenic agent inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a promising substance to treat cancer. In addition, cancer can be assessed based on the expression of angiogenic factors and its response to therapies. Angiogenesis is important for all tissues, which might be normal or pathologically changed and occur through ages. In clinical therapeutics, target therapy focusing on discovery of novel anti-angiogenic agents like bevacizumab, cetuximab, sunitinib, imatinib, lenvatinib, thalidomide, everolimus etc., to block or inhibit the angiogenesis pathway is well explored in recent times. In this review, we will discuss about the molecular signaling pathways involved in major angiogenic diseases in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Nathan
- Zebrafish Developmental Biology Laboratory, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India.
| | - Rabiathul Shameera
- Zebrafish Developmental Biology Laboratory, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India
| | - Gajalakshmi Palanivel
- Zebrafish Developmental Biology Laboratory, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India
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Hillenmayer A, Wertheimer CM, Geerlof A, Eibl KH, Priglinger S, Priglinger C, Ohlmann A. Galectin-1 and -3 in high amounts inhibit angiogenic properties of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265805. [PMID: 35320287 PMCID: PMC8942239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galectin-1 and -3 are β-galactoside binding lectins with varying effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis. Since in retinal pigment epithelial cells high amounts of human recombinant galectin (hr-GAL)1 and 3 inhibit cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, we investigated if hr-GAL1 and 3 have homologous effects on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) in vitro. Methods To investigate the effect of galectin-1 and -3 on HRMEC, proliferation, apoptosis and viability were analyzed after incubation with 30, 60 and 120 μg/ml hr-GAL1 or 3 by BrdU-ELISA, histone-DNA complex ELISA, live/dead staining and the WST-1 assay, respectively. Further on, a cell adhesion as well as tube formation assay were performed on galectin-treated HRMEC. Migration was investigated by the scratch migration assay and time-lapse microscopy. In addition, immunohistochemical staining on HRMEC for β-catenin, galectin-1 and -3 were performed and β-catenin expression was investigated by western blot analysis. Results Incubation with hr-GAL1 or 3 lead to a decrease in proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of HRMEC compared to the untreated controls. No toxic effects of hr-GAL1 and 3 on HRMEC were detected. Intriguingly, after treatment of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3, an activation of the proangiogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed. However, incubation of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3 drew intracellular galectin-1 and -3 out of the cells, respectively. Conclusion Exogenously added hr-GAL1 or 3 inhibit angiogenic properties of HRMEC in vitro, an effect that might be mediated via a loss of intracellular endogenous galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillenmayer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian M. Wertheimer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten H. Eibl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Targeting Endothelial Connexin37 Reduces Angiogenesis and Decreases Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062930. [PMID: 35328350 PMCID: PMC8948817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin37 (Cx37) and Cx40 form intercellular channels between endothelial cells (EC), which contribute to the regulation of the functions of vessels. We previously documented the participation of both Cx in developmental angiogenesis and have further shown that loss of Cx40 decreases the growth of different tumors. Here, we report that loss of Cx37 reduces (1) the in vitro proliferation of primary human EC; (2) the vascularization of subcutaneously implanted matrigel plugs in Cx37−/− mice or in WT using matrigel plugs supplemented with a peptide targeting Cx37 channels; (3) tumor angiogenesis; and (4) the growth of TC-1 and B16 tumors, resulting in a longer mice survival. We further document that Cx37 and Cx40 function in a collaborative manner to promote tumor growth, inasmuch as the injection of a peptide targeting Cx40 into Cx37−/− mice decreased the growth of TC-1 tumors to a larger extent than after loss of Cx37. This loss did not alter vessel perfusion, mural cells coverage and tumor hypoxia compared to tumors grown in WT mice. The data show that Cx37 is relevant for the control of EC proliferation and growth in different tumor models, suggesting that it may be a target, alone or in combination with Cx40, in the development of anti-tumoral treatments.
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Exudative versus Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Physiopathology and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052592. [PMID: 35269743 PMCID: PMC8910030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease typically associated with the aging and can be classified into two types—namely, the exudative and the nonexudative AMD. Currently available treatments for exudative AMD use intravitreal injections, which are associated with high risk of infection that can lead to endophthalmitis, while no successful treatments yet exist for the nonexudative form of AMD. In addition to the pharmacologic therapies administered by intravitreal injection already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in exudative AMD, there are some laser treatments approved that can be used in combination with the pharmacological therapies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments of treatment options for AMD. Relevant literature available from 1993 was used, which included original articles and reviews available in PubMed database and also information collected from Clinical Trials Gov website using “age-related macular degeneration” and “antiangiogenic therapies” as keywords. The clinical trials search was limited to ongoing trials from 2015 to date.
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34
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Oliveira RHM, Zhao C, Popel AS. Systems biology of angiogenesis signaling: Computational models and omics. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 14:e1550. [PMID: 34970866 PMCID: PMC9243197 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a highly regulated multiscale process that involves a plethora of cells, their cellular signal transduction, activation, proliferation, differentiation, as well as their intercellular communication. The coordinated execution and integration of such complex signaling programs is critical for physiological angiogenesis to take place in normal growth, development, exercise, and wound healing, while its dysregulation is critically linked to many major human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and ocular disorders; it is also crucial in regenerative medicine. Although huge efforts have been devoted to drug development for these diseases by investigation of angiogenesis‐targeted therapies, only a few therapeutics and targets have proved effective in humans due to the innate multiscale complexity and nonlinearity in the process of angiogenic signaling. As a promising approach that can help better address this challenge, systems biology modeling allows the integration of knowledge across studies and scales and provides a powerful means to mechanistically elucidate and connect the individual molecular and cellular signaling components that function in concert to regulate angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize and discuss how systems biology modeling studies, at the pathway‐, cell‐, tissue‐, and whole body‐levels, have advanced our understanding of signaling in angiogenesis and thereby delivered new translational insights for human diseases. This article is categorized under:Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models Cancer > Computational Models
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebeca Hannah M Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Xu J, Zhao L, Liu X, Sun H, Liu X, Guo Z, Wang Y, Sun W. Aqueous humor proteomic analysis of acute angle-closure glaucoma with visual field loss. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1611. [PMID: 34926655 PMCID: PMC8640911 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) is an ophthalmic emergency that occurs over the course of hours or days and may cause irreversible blindness if not treated immediately. In most cases, optic nerve damage is the cause of visual field (VF) loss in AACG. There has been no reliable biomarker found to evaluate optic nerve damage to date. Aqueous humor (AH) proteome analysis might reveal the proteomic alterations in AACG and provide helpful clues in the search for an AH biomarker of optic nerve damage and VF loss. Methods In this study, we used the AH proteome to explore the functions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during disease progression. The AH proteins from the early-stage group and late-stage group were extracted and analyzed by the data-independent acquisition (DIA) method. The DEPs functions were annotated, and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was used to validate the key DEPs. Results A total of 87 DEPs were found. Gene Ontology analysis showed that most DEPs were enriched in immunology, hemodynamics, and apoptosis. Ingenuity pathway analysis found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress response were active pathways in the late stage of AACG. The mechanism of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death was hypothesized on the basis of DEP functional analysis. A total of 20 DEPs were validated by using PRM, and prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase was found to have the potential to evaluate optic nerve damage. Conclusions This study showed that AH proteomic analysis could reveal the proteomic alterations in the pathogenesis of VF loss in AACG and help to provide objective protein biomarkers to evaluate VF loss. These findings will benefit the application of the AH proteome to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Xu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd Beijing Branch Company, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Liu C, Zhang S, Deng X, Chen Y, Shen L, Hu L, Mao J. Comparison of Intraocular Cytokine Levels of Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Different Retinopathies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:783178. [PMID: 34993212 PMCID: PMC8725795 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.783178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate and compare the aqueous concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other inflammatory cytokines in various choroidal neovascularization (CNV) diseases and types. Methods: This observational study included 127 naive eyes with CNV and 43 control eyes with cataracts. Aqueous humor (AH) samples were obtained prior to intravitreal anti-VEGF injection or cataract surgery. Multiple inflammatory cytokines, including VEGF, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) levels, were measured using a multiplex bead assay. The angiogenesis index was defined as the ratio of IP-10 to MCP-1. In addition, the relationship among AH cytokine levels, central macular thickness (CMT), and CNV size on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was evaluated. Results: Except in the myopic CNV group (P = 0.452), the AH concentration of VEGF was significantly higher in all other CNV groups than in the control group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, and MCP-1 levels (P < 0.05 for all groups) were significantly higher in all CNV diseases except those with neovascular central serous chorioretinopathy. The angiogenesis index was significantly higher in all CNV diseases (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). The VEGF level may be associated with the size of the CNV on OCTA (p = 0.043). Conclusions: The level of intraocular inflammatory cytokines varied among different CNV diseases and CNV types. Therefore, the angiogenesis index may be a more sensitive indicator of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shian Zhang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Hu
| | - Jianbo Mao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Jianbo Mao
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Sadeghian R, Shahidi S, Komaki A, Habibi P, Ahmadiasl N, Yousefi H, Daghigh F. Synergism effect of swimming exercise and genistein on the inflammation, oxidative stress, and VEGF expression in the retina of diabetic-ovariectomized rats. Life Sci 2021; 284:119931. [PMID: 34480934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Retinal neovascularization is one of the visual disorders during the postmenopausal period or types two diabetes. Physical activities and also phytoestrogens with powerful antioxidant features have been widely considered to improve nervous system diseases. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of genistein, swimming exercise, and their co-treatment on retina angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetic-ovariectomized rats. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8 per group): sham, ovariectomized group (OVX), OVX + diabetes (OVX.D), OVX.D+ genistein (1 mg/kg, eight weeks; daily SC), OVX.D + exercise (eight weeks), and OVX.D+ genistein+exercise (eight weeks). At the end of 8 weeks, the retina was removed under anesthesia. The assessed effects of treatment were by measuring MiR-146a and miR-132 expression via RT-PCR, the protein levels of ERK, MMP-2, VEGF, and NF-κB via western blotting, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers levels via the Eliza. KEY FINDINGS The results showed miR-132, miR-146b, and MMP-2, NF-κB, ERK, VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β proteins, and MDA factor in the OVX.D group were increased, but glutathione (GSH) was decreased in comparison with the sham and OVX groups. Both exercise and genistein treatment has reversed the disorder caused by diabetes. However, the combination of exercise and genistein was more effective than each treatment alone. SIGNIFICANCE It can be concluded that the interaction of exercise and genistein on microRNAs and their target protein was affected in the inflammation, stress oxidative, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase pathways, can leading to a decrease in impairment of retinal neovascularization of the ovariectomized diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Sadeghian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parisa Habibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Nasser Ahmadiasl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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Sarkar A, Junnuthula V, Dyawanapelly S. Ocular Therapeutics and Molecular Delivery Strategies for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10594. [PMID: 34638935 PMCID: PMC8508687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in geriatric population. Intravitreal (IVT) injections are popular clinical option. Biologics and small molecules offer efficacy but relatively shorter half-life after intravitreal injections. To address these challenges, numerous technologies and therapies are under development. Most of these strategies aim to reduce the frequency of injections, thereby increasing patient compliance and reducing patient-associated burden. Unlike IVT frequent injections, molecular therapies such as cell therapy and gene therapy offer restoration ability hence gained a lot of traction. The recent approval of ocular gene therapy for inherited disease offers new hope in this direction. However, until such breakthrough therapies are available to the majority of patients, antibody therapeutics will be on the shelf, continuing to provide therapeutic benefits. The present review aims to highlight the status of pre-clinical and clinical studies of neovascular AMD treatment modalities including Anti-VEGF therapy, upcoming bispecific antibodies, small molecules, port delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, gene therapy, cell therapy, and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aira Sarkar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | | | - Sathish Dyawanapelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai 400019, India
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Shiwani HA, Elfaki MY, Memon D, Ali S, Aziz A, Egom EE. Updates on sphingolipids: Spotlight on retinopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112197. [PMID: 34560541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids ceramide (Cer), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine (Sph), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)) are key signaling molecules that regulate many patho-biological processes. During the last decade, they have gained increasing attention since they may participate in important and numerous retinal processes, such as neuronal survival and death, proliferation and migration of neuronal and vascular cells, inflammation, and neovascularization. Cer for instance has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation and death of neuronal and retinal pigment epithelium cells in experimental models of retinopathies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinitis pigmentosa. S1P may have opposite biological actions, preventing photoreceptor and ganglion cell degeneration but also promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization in AMD, glaucoma, and pro-fibrotic disorders. Alterations in Cer, S1P, and ceramide 1- phosphate may also contribute to uveitis. Furthermore, use of inhibitors that either prevent Cer increase or modulate S1P signaling, such as Myriocin, desipramine, and Fingolimod (FTY720), have been shown to preserve neuronal viability and retinal function. Collectively, the expanding role for these sphingolipids in the modulation of vital processes in retina cell types and in their dysregulation in retinal degenerations makes them attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haaris A Shiwani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Preston Hospital, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Danyal Memon
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suhayb Ali
- Department of Acute Medicine, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Institut du Savoir Montfort (ISM), Hôpital Montfort, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radioisotopes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Effect of Microgravity Environment on Gut Microbiome and Angiogenesis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101008. [PMID: 34685381 PMCID: PMC8541308 DOI: 10.3390/life11101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity environments are known to cause a plethora of stressors to astronauts. Recently, it has become apparent that gut microbiome composition of astronauts is altered following space travel, and this is of significance given the important role of the gut microbiome in human health. Other changes observed in astronauts comprise reduced muscle strength and bone fragility, visual impairment, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic changes, behavior changes due to fatigue or stress and effects on mental well-being. However, the effects of microgravity on angiogenesis, as well as the connection with the gut microbiome are incompletely understood. Here, the potential association of angiogenesis with visual impairment, skeletal muscle and gut microbiome is proposed and explored. Furthermore, metabolites that are effectors of angiogenesis are deliberated upon along with their connection with gut bacterial metabolites. Targeting and modulating the gut microbiome may potentially have a profound influence on astronaut health, given its impact on overall human health, which is thus warranted given the likelihood of increased human activity in the solar system, and the determination to travel to Mars in future missions.
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Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 for Neovascular Eye Diseases: From Biology to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910279. [PMID: 34638620 PMCID: PMC8508814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other eye diseases are characterized by retinal and/or choroidal neovascularization, ultimately causing vision loss in millions of people worldwide. nvAMD and PDR are associated with aging and the number of those affected is expected to increase as the global median age and life expectancy continue to rise. With this increase in prevalence, the development of novel, orally bioavailable therapies for neovascular eye diseases that target multiple pathways is critical, since current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, delivered by intravitreal injection, are accompanied with tachyphylaxis, a high treatment burden and risk of complications. One potential target is apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1). The multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1 may be targeted via inhibitors of its redox-regulating transcription factor activation activity to modulate angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress response and cell cycle in neovascular eye disease; these inhibitors also have neuroprotective effects in other tissues. An APE1/Ref-1 small molecule inhibitor is already in clinical trials for cancer, PDR and diabetic macular edema. Efforts to develop further inhibitors are underway. APE1/Ref-1 is a novel candidate for therapeutically targeting neovascular eye diseases and alleviating the burden associated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections.
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Droho S, Cuda CM, Perlman H, Lavine JA. Macrophage-derived interleukin-6 is necessary and sufficient for choroidal angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18084. [PMID: 34508129 PMCID: PMC8433398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) commonly causes vision loss from aberrant angiogenesis, termed choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokine that is correlated with AMD progression and nAMD activity. We hypothesize that anti-IL6 therapy is a potential nAMD therapeutic. We found that IL6 levels were increased after laser injury and expressed by macrophages. Il6-deficiency decreased laser-induced CNV area and exogenous IL6 addition increased choroidal sprouting angiogenesis. Il6-null mice demonstrated equally increased macrophage numbers as wildtype mice. At steady state, IL6R expression was detected on peripheral blood and ocular monocytes. After laser injury, the number of IL6R+Ly6C+ monocytes in blood and IL6R+ macrophages in the eye were increased. In human choroid, macrophages expressed IL6, IL6R, and IL6ST. Furthermore, IL6R+ macrophages displayed a transcriptional profile consistent with STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activation and angiogenesis. Our data show that IL6 is both necessary and sufficient for choroidal angiogenesis. Macrophage-derived IL6 may stimulate choroidal angiogenesis via classical activation of IL6R+ macrophages, which then stimulate angiogenesis. Targeting IL6 or the IL6R could be an effective adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant nAMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Droho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carla M Cuda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy A Lavine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Narayana S, Ahmed MG, Gowda BHJ, Shetty PK, Nasrine A, Thriveni M, Noushida N, Sanjana A. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery systems and targeting VEGF receptors for management of ocular angiogenesis: A comprehensive review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Angiogenic ocular diseases address the main source of vision impairment or irreversible vision loss. The angiogenesis process depends on the balance between the pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. An imbalance between these factors leads to pathological conditions in the body. The vascular endothelial growth factor is the main cause of pathological conditions in the ocular region. Intravitreal injections of anti-angiogenic drugs are selective, safe, specific and revolutionized treatment for ocular angiogenesis. But intravitreal injections are invasive techniques with other severe complications. The area of targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors progresses with novel approaches and therapeutically based hope for best clinical outcomes for patients through the developments in anti-angiogenic therapy.
Main text
The present review article gathers prior knowledge about the vascular endothelial growth factor and associated receptors with other angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors involved in ocular angiogenesis. A focus on the brief mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in the treatment of ocular angiogenesis is elaborated. The review also covers various recent novel approaches available for ocular drug delivery by comprising a substantial amount of research works. Besides this, we have also discussed in detail the adoption of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems in ocular angiogenesis by comprising literature having recent advancements. The clinical applications of nanotechnology in terms of ocular drug delivery, risk analysis and future perspectives relating to the treatment approaches for ocular angiogenesis have also been presented.
Conclusion
The novel ocular drug delivery systems involving nanotechnologies are of great importance in the ophthalmological sector to overcome traditional treatments with many drawbacks. This article gives a detailed insight into the various approaches that are currently available to be a road map for future research in the field of ocular angiogenesis disease management.
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Murray H, Qiu B, Ho SY, Wang X. Complement Factor B Mediates Ocular Angiogenesis through Regulating the VEGF Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179580. [PMID: 34502486 PMCID: PMC8431595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement factor B (CFB), a 95-kDa protein, is a crucial catalytic element of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement. After binding of CFB to C3b, activation of the AP depends on the proteolytic cleavage of CFB by factor D to generate the C3 convertase (C3bBb). The C3 convertase contains the catalytic subunit of CFB (Bb), the enzymatic site for the cleavage of a new molecule of C3 into C3b. In addition to its role in activating the AP, CFB has been implicated in pathological ocular neovascularization, a common feature of several blinding eye diseases, however, with somewhat conflicting results. The focus of this study was to investigate the direct impact of CFB on ocular neovascularization in a tightly controlled environment. Using mouse models of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), our study demonstrated an increase in CFB expression during pathological angiogenesis. Results from several in vitro and ex vivo functionality assays indicated a promoting effect of CFB in angiogenesis. Mechanistically, CFB exerts this pro-angiogenic effect by mediating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. In summary, we demonstrate compelling evidence for the role of CFB in driving ocular angiogenesis in a VEGF-dependent manner. This work provides a framework for a more in-depth exploration of CFB-mediated effects in ocular angiogenesis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Murray
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr., Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Beiying Qiu
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (S.Y.H.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Sze Yuan Ho
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (S.Y.H.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr., Singapore 138673, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (S.Y.H.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6576-7248
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Kuznetsova AV, Rzhanova LA, Aleksandrova MA. Small Noncoding RNA in Regulation of Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106236042103005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Qiu B, Tan A, Tan YZ, Chen QY, Luesch H, Wang X. Largazole Inhibits Ocular Angiogenesis by Modulating the Expression of VEGFR2 and p21. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:471. [PMID: 34436310 PMCID: PMC8401058 DOI: 10.3390/md19080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular angiogenic diseases, characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation in the eye, are the leading cause of blindness. Although Anti-VEGF therapy is the first-line treatment in the market, a substantial number of patients are refractory to it or may develop resistance over time. As uncontrolled proliferation of vascular endothelial cells is one of the characteristic features of pathological neovascularization, we aimed to investigate the role of the class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Largazole, a cyclodepsipeptide from a marine cyanobacterium, in ocular angiogenesis. Our study showed that Largazole strongly inhibits retinal vascular endothelial cell viability, proliferation, and the ability to form tube-like structures. Largazole strongly inhibits the vessel outgrowth from choroidal explants in choroid sprouting assay while it does not affect the quiescent choroidal vasculature. Largazole also inhibits vessel outgrowth from metatarsal bones in metatarsal sprouting assay without affecting pericytes coverage. We further demonstrated a cooperative effect between Largazole and an approved anti-VEGF drug, Alflibercept. Mechanistically, Largazole strongly inhibits the expression of VEGFR2 and leads to an increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor, p21. Taken together, our study provides compelling evidence on the anti-angiogenic role of Largazole that exerts its function through mediating different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiying Qiu
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (A.T.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Alison Tan
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (A.T.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yu Zhi Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (B.Q.); (A.T.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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Latifi-Navid H, Soheili ZS, Samiei S, Sadeghi M, Taghizadeh S, Pirmardan ER, Ahmadieh H. Network analysis and the impact of Aflibercept on specific mediators of angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8285-8299. [PMID: 34250732 PMCID: PMC8419159 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, inflammation and endothelial cells’ migration and proliferation exert fundamental roles in different diseases. However, more studies are needed to identify key proteins and pathways involved in these processes. Aflibercept has received the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of wet AMD and colorectal cancer. Moreover, the effect of Aflibercept on VEGFR2 downstream signalling pathways has not been investigated yet. Here, we integrated text mining data, protein‐protein interaction networks and multi‐experiment microarray data to specify candidate genes that are involved in VEGFA/VEGFR2 signalling pathways. Network analysis of candidate genes determined the importance of the nominated genes via different centrality parameters. Thereupon, several genes—with the highest centrality indexes—were recruited to investigate the impact of Aflibercept on their expression pattern in HUVEC cells. Real‐time PCR was performed, and relative expression of the specific genes revealed that Aflibercept modulated angiogenic process by VEGF/PI3KA/AKT/mTOR axis, invasion by MMP14/MMP9 axis and inflammation‐related angiogenesis by IL‐6‐STAT3 axis. Data showed Aflibercept simultaneously affected these processes and determined the nominated axes that had been affected by the drug. Furthermore, integrating the results of Aflibercept on expression of candidate genes with the current network analysis suggested that resistance against the Aflibercept effect is a plausible process in HUVEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Samiei
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.,School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Taghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ranaei Pirmardan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Toto L, Di Antonio L, Costantino O, Mastropasqua R. Anti-VEGF Therapy in Myopic CNV. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1054-1063. [PMID: 33511955 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122999210128180725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this narrative-review, we report the most recent data from the literature of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV). Myopic CNV is the most frequent sight-threatening complication of pathologic myopia. The natural course of mCNV can result in expanding macular atrophy and /or fibrosis, leading to irreversible visual loss after 5 years. Retinal multimodal imaging is mandatory for early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease during treatment. Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is recommended as the first-line treatment option for mCNV. Prompt treatment of active mCNV with intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in terms of visual outcome improvements reducing the occurrence of late-stage complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Toto
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Italy
| | - Luca Di Antonio
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Italy
| | - Olivia Costantino
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mastropasqua
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Iturriaga-Goyon E, Buentello-Volante B, Magaña-Guerrero FS, Garfias Y. Future Perspectives of Therapeutic, Diagnostic and Prognostic Aptamers in Eye Pathological Angiogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061455. [PMID: 34200613 PMCID: PMC8227682 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are currently used in clinical trials due to their selectivity and specificity to bind small molecules such as proteins, peptides, viral particles, vitamins, metal ions and even whole cells. Aptamers are highly specific to their targets, they are smaller than antibodies and fragment antibodies, they can be easily conjugated to multiple surfaces and ions and controllable post-production modifications can be performed. Aptamers have been therapeutically used for age-related macular degeneration, cancer, thrombosis and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic possibilities associated with aptamers, focusing on eye pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Iturriaga-Goyon
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Buentello-Volante
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
| | - Fátima Sofía Magaña-Guerrero
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Yin R, Zhang N, Zhang D, Zhao W, Ke J, Zhao D. Higher levels of circulating ANGPTL2 are associated with macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24638. [PMID: 33578584 PMCID: PMC7886454 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macular edema (ME) is an inflammatory disease characterized by increased microvascular permeability. Here, we proposed that plasma angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) level may be related to the severity of ME patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this cross-sectional study, 172 T2DM patients were recruited and divided into clinically significant macular edema (CSME), non-CSME (nCSME), and control groups. Serum ANGPTL2 level was quantified by ELISA and best corrected vision acuity (BCVA) was detected. After adjust age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and duration of diabetes variables, ANGPTL2 performed statistics difference among CSME-, nCSME-groups, and control group (4.46 [3.97, 4.96, 95%CI] ng/mL in CSME group, 3.80 [3.42, 4.18, 95%CI] ng/mL in nCSME-group, 3.33 [3.03, 3.63, 95%CI] ng/mL in control, P < .01). After adjustment of confounding factors, high levels of circulating ANGPTL2 were related with the diagnosis of ME, BCVA, and C reactive protein (CRP) through univariate regression analysis (P < .05). Meanwhile, in the multiple regression model, ANGPTL2 took the mainly effect proportion for the diagnosis of diabetic macular edema (DME), with a LogWorth value 3.559 (P < .001). Our study suggested that elevated circulating ANGPTL2 may be associated with the development of DME and the severity of visual impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Yin
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care
| | - Ning Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Wenying Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Jing Ke
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University
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