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Li H, Sun C, Li Y, Sun H. Analysis of alternative splicing in chicken macrophages transfected with overexpression/knockdown of RIP2 gene. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3855-3866. [PMID: 37466384 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2233012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) plays a critical role in the transduction of many signaling pathways and is associated with many diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential and ubiquitous regulatory mechanism of gene expression that contributes to distinct transcript variants and many different kinds of proteins. In this present study, we characterized genome-wide AS events in wild-type chicken macrophages (WT) and RIP2 overexpression/knockdown chicken macrophages (oeRIP2/shRIP2) by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. A total of 1901, 2061, and 817 differentially expressed (DE) AS genes were identified in the comparison of oeRIP2 vs. WT, oeRIP2 vs. shRIP2, and shRIP2 vs. WT, respectively. These DE AS genes participated in many important KEGG pathways, including regulation of autophagy, Wnt signaling pathway, Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, MAPK signaling pathway, and Focal adhesion, etc. In conclusion, this research provided a broad atlas of the genome-wide scale of the AS event landscape in RIP2 overexpression/knockdown and wild-type chicken macrophages. This research also provides the theoretical basis of the gene network related to RIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
- Yangzhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Products Intelligent Measurement and Control & Cleaner Production, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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2
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Larochelle J, Tishko RJ, Yang C, Ge Y, Phan LT, Gunraj RE, Stansbury SM, Liu L, Mohamadzadeh M, Khoshbouei H, Candelario-Jalil E. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) profoundly contributes to post-stroke neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits with microglia as unique perpetrators. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:221. [PMID: 37777791 PMCID: PMC10543871 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase whose activity propagates inflammatory signaling through its association with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and subsequent TAK1, NF-κB, and MAPK pathway activation. After stroke, dead and dying cells release a host of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate PRRs and initiate a robust inflammatory response. We hypothesize that RIPK2 plays a damaging role in the progression of stroke injury by enhancing the neuroinflammatory response to stroke and that global genetic deletion or microglia-specific conditional deletion of Ripk2 will be protective following ischemic stroke. METHODS Adult (3-6 months) male mice were subjected to 45 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by 24 h, 48 h, or 28 days of reperfusion. Aged male and female mice (18-24 months) were subjected to permanent ischemic stroke and sacrificed 48 h later. Infarct volumes were calculated using TTC staining (24-48 h) or Cresyl violet staining (28d). Sensorimotor tests (weight grip, vertical grid, and open field) were performed at indicated timepoints. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, tight junction proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and neuroinflammatory markers were assessed via immunoblotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR. Differential gene expression profiles were generated through bulk RNA sequencing and nanoString®. RESULTS Global genetic deletion of Ripk2 resulted in decreased infarct sizes and reduced neuroinflammatory markers 24 h after stroke compared to wild-type controls. Ripk2 global deletion also improved both acute and long-term behavioral outcomes with powerful effects on reducing infarct volume and mortality at 28d post-stroke. Conditional deletion of microglial Ripk2 (mKO) partially recapitulated our results in global Ripk2 deficient mice, showing reductive effects on infarct volume and improved behavioral outcomes within 48 h of injury. Finally, bulk transcriptomic profiling and nanoString data demonstrated that Ripk2 deficiency in microglia decreases genes associated with MAPK and NF-κB signaling, dampening the neuroinflammatory response after stroke injury by reducing immune cell activation and peripheral immune cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a hitherto unknown role for RIPK2 in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke injury, with microglia playing a distinct role. This study identifies RIPK2 as a potent propagator of neuroinflammatory signaling, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for post-stroke intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ryland J Tishko
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Leah T Phan
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rachel E Gunraj
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sofia M Stansbury
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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3
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Urwyler-Rösselet C, Tanghe G, Devos M, Hulpiau P, Saeys Y, Declercq W. Functions of the RIP kinase family members in the skin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:285. [PMID: 37688617 PMCID: PMC10492769 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that are involved in the integration of various stress signals. In response to several extracellular and/or intracellular stimuli, RIP kinases engage signaling cascades leading to the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, cell death, inflammation, differentiation and Wnt signaling and can have kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions. Although it was previously suggested that seven RIPKs are part of the RIPK family, phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are only five genuine RIPKs. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are mainly involved in controlling and executing necroptosis in keratinocytes, while RIPK4 controls proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and thereby can act as a tumor suppressor in skin. Therefore, in this review we summarize and discuss the functions of RIPKs in skin homeostasis as well as the signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Urwyler-Rösselet
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giel Tanghe
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Devos
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Howest University of Applied Sciences, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Salla M, Guo J, Joshi H, Gordon M, Dooky H, Lai J, Capicio S, Armstrong H, Valcheva R, Dyck JRB, Thiesen A, Wine E, Dieleman LA, Baksh S. Novel Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: An Interplay between Metabolic Dysregulation and Excessive Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065967. [PMID: 36983040 PMCID: PMC10055751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation can trigger altered epigenetic, inflammatory, and bioenergetic states. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with evidence of subsequent metabolic syndrome disorder. Studies have demonstrated that as many as 42% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are found to have high-grade dysplasia, either already had colorectal cancer (CRC) or develop it within a short time. The presence of low-grade dysplasia is also predictive of CRC. Many signaling pathways are shared among IBD and CRC, including cell survival, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Current IBD therapeutics target a small subset of molecular drivers of IBD, with many focused on the inflammatory aspect of the pathways. Thus, there is a great need to identify biomarkers of both IBD and CRC, that can be predictive of therapeutic efficacy, disease severity, and predisposition to CRC. In this study, we explored the changes in biomarkers specific for inflammatory, metabolic, and proliferative pathways, to help determine the relevance to both IBD and CRC. Our analysis demonstrated, for the first time in IBD, the loss of the tumor suppressor protein Ras associated family protein 1A (RASSF1A), via epigenetic changes, the hyperactivation of the obligate kinase of the NOD2 pathogen recognition receptor (receptor interacting protein kinase 2 [RIPK2]), the loss of activation of the metabolic kinase, AMP activated protein kinase (AMPKα1), and, lastly, the activation of the transcription factor and kinase Yes associated protein (YAP) kinase, that is involved in proliferation of cells. The expression and activation status of these four elements are mirrored in IBD, CRC, and IBD-CRC patients and, importantly, in matched blood and biopsy samples. The latter would suggest that biomarker analysis can be performed non-invasively, to understand IBD and CRC, without the need for invasive and costly endoscopic analysis. This study, for the first time, illustrates the need to understand IBD or CRC beyond an inflammatory perspective and the value of therapeutics directed to reset altered proliferative and metabolic states within the colon. The use of such therapeutics may truly drive patients into remission.
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5
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Sun H, Ma Y, Yang Y, Sun C, Li H. Genome-wide characterization of circRNA expression profile in overexpression of RIP2 chicken macrophages associated with avian pathogenic E.coli infection. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:62-77. [PMID: 36399118 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2144132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) can cause localized and systemic diseases in poultry, threatening human health via meat or egg contamination and resulting in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry globally. Increasing evidence shows circRNAs were widely involved in various biological processes. However, the role of circRNAs in the host response against APEC infection, especially correlated with the regulation of RIP2, remains unclear. Herein, the RNAseq technology was used to identify the circRNA expression profiles in the overexpression of RIP2 macrophages with or without APEC infection. A total of 256 and 287 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were identified in the overexpression of RIP2 group (oeRIP2) vs. the wild-type group (WT) and oeRIP2 + APEC vs. APEC, respectively, whose parental genes were involved in MAPK signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, focal adhesion, tight junction, and VEGF signalling pathways. Specifically, the key circRNAs, such as 5:814443-825127, 10:18922360-18928461, 2:8746306-8750639, and 2:124177751-124184063 might play a critical role in APEC infection and the regulation of RIP2. As a whole, these findings will facilitate understanding the molecular mechanism underlying circRNAs, especially related to the regulation of the RIP2 gene. Meanwhile, the study may offer new ideas to improve host immune and inflammatory response against APEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyi Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Sun
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Pham AT, Ghilardi AF, Sun L. Recent advances in the development of RIPK2 modulators for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1127722. [PMID: 36959850 PMCID: PMC10028200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1127722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a vital immunomodulator that plays critical roles in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling. Stimulated NOD1 and NOD2 interact with RIPK2 and lead to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), followed by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12/23. Defects in NOD/RIPK2 signaling are associated with numerous inflammatory diseases, including asthma, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, and Blau syndrome. As RIPK2 is a crucial element of innate immunity, small molecules regulating RIPK2 functions are attractive to establish novel immunotherapies. The increased interest in developing RIPK2 inhibitors has led to the clinical investigations of novel drug candidates. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent advances in the development of RIPK2 inhibitors and degraders.
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7
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Jurynec MJ, Gavile CM, Honeggar M, Ma Y, Veerabhadraiah SR, Novak KA, Hoshijima K, Kazmers NH, Grunwald DJ. NOD/RIPK2 signalling pathway contributes to osteoarthritis susceptibility. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1465-1473. [PMID: 35732460 PMCID: PMC9474725 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES How inflammatory signalling contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility is undetermined. An allele encoding a hyperactive form of the Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (RIPK2) proinflammatory signalling intermediate has been associated with familial OA. To test whether altered nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)/RIPK2 pathway activity causes heightened OA susceptibility, we investigated whether variants affecting additional pathway components are associated with familial OA. To determine whether the Ripk2104Asp disease allele is sufficient to account for the familial phenotype, we determined the effect of the allele on mice. METHODS Genomic analysis of 150 independent families with dominant inheritance of OA affecting diverse joints was used to identify coding variants that segregated strictly with occurrence of OA. Genome editing was used to introduce the OA-associated RIPK2 (p.Asn104Asp) allele into the genome of inbred mice. The consequences of the Ripk2104Asp disease allele on physiology and OA susceptibility in mice were measured by histology, immunohistochemistry, serum cytokine levels and gene expression. RESULTS We identified six novel variants affecting components of the NOD/RIPK2 inflammatory signalling pathway that are associated with familial OA affecting the hand, shoulder or foot. The Ripk2104Asp allele acts dominantly to alter basal physiology and response to trauma in the mouse knee. Whereas the knees of uninjured Ripk2Asp104 mice appear normal histologically, the joints exhibit a set of marked gene expression changes reminiscent of overt OA. Although the Ripk2104Asp mice lack evidence of chronically elevated systemic inflammation, they do exhibit significantly increased susceptibility to post-traumatic OA (PTOA). CONCLUSIONS Two types of data support the hypothesis that altered NOD/RIPK2 signalling confers susceptibility to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jurynec
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Catherine M Gavile
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew Honeggar
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Kendra A Novak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Hoshijima
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nikolas H Kazmers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David J Grunwald
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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8
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Mao L, Dhar A, Meng G, Fuss I, Montgomery-Recht K, Yang Z, Xu Q, Kitani A, Strober W. Blau syndrome NOD2 mutations result in loss of NOD2 cross-regulatory function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988862. [PMID: 36189261 PMCID: PMC9520668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies described here provide an analysis of the pathogenesis of Blau syndrome and thereby the function of NOD2 as seen through the lens of its dysfunction resulting from Blau-associated NOD2 mutations in its nucleotide-binding domain (NBD). As such, this analysis also sheds light on the role of NOD2 risk polymorphisms in the LRR domain occurring in Crohn’s disease. The main finding was that Blau NOD2 mutations precipitate a loss of canonical NOD2 signaling via RIPK2 and that this loss has two consequences: first, it results in defective NOD2 ligand (MDP)-mediated NF-κB activation and second, it disrupts NOD2-mediated cross-regulation whereby NOD2 downregulates concomitant innate (TLR) responses. Strong evidence is also presented favoring the view that NOD2-mediated cross-regulation is under mechanistic control by IRF4 and that failure to up-regulate this factor because of faulty NOD2 signaling is the proximal cause of defective cross-regulation and the latter’s effect on Blau syndrome inflammation. Overall, these studies highlight the role of NOD2 as a regulatory factor and thus provide additional insight into its function in inflammatory disease. Mutations in the nucleotide binding domain of the CARD15 (NOD2) gene underlie the granulomatous inflammation characterizing Blau syndrome (BS). In studies probing the mechanism of this inflammation we show here that NOD2 plasmids expressing various Blau mutations in HEK293 cells result in reduced NOD2 activation of RIPK2 and correspondingly reduced NOD2 activation of NF-κB. These in vitro studies of NOD2 signaling were accompanied by in vivo studies showing that BS-NOD2 also exhibit defects in cross-regulation of innate responses underlying inflammation. Thus, whereas over-expressed intact NOD2 suppresses TNBS-colitis, over-expressed BS-NOD2 does not; in addition, whereas administration of NOD2 ligand (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) suppresses DSS-colitis in Wild Type (WT) mice it fails to do so in homozygous or heterozygous mice bearing a NOD2 Blau mutation. Similarly, mice bearing a Blau mutation exhibit enhanced anti-collagen antibody-induced arthritis. The basis of such cross-regulatory failure was revealed in studies showing that MDP-stimulated cells bearing BS-NOD2 exhibit a reduced capacity to signal via RIPK2 as well as a reduced capacity to up-regulate IRF4, a factor shown previously to mediate NOD2 suppression of NF-κB activation. Indeed, TLR-stimulated cells bearing a Blau mutation exhibited enhanced in vitro cytokine responses that are quieted by lentivirus transduction of IRF4. In addition, enhanced anti-collagen-induced joint inflammation in mice bearing a Blau mutation was accompanied by reduced IRF4 expression in inflamed joint tissue and IRF4 expression was reduced in MDP-stimulated cells from BS patients. Thus, inflammation characterizing Blau syndrome are caused, at least in part, by faulty canonical signaling and reduce IRF4-mediated cross-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Mao
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Atika Dhar
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guangxun Meng
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Pasteurien College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ivan Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kim Montgomery-Recht
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute (NCI) Campus at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zhiqiong Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Atsushi Kitani
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Warren Strober,
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9
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Kurabi A, Lee J, Pak K, Leichtle A, Ryan AF. Essential Role of the Innate Immune Adaptor RIP2 in the Response to Otitis Media. Front Genet 2022; 13:893085. [PMID: 35903351 PMCID: PMC9315102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.893085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD) and Toll-like (TLR) receptors have emerged as pivotal sensors of infection. Both Nod1 and Nod2 contain a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) that interacts with the adaptor protein RIP2 (receptor-interaction protein-2). This leads to ubiquitination of RIP2 and in turn to the activation of NFκB and MAPK transcription factors, to command the host defensive response against pathogenic infections. RIP2 is also activated by TLRs 2 and 4, although the mechanism of this activation is less. The role of RIP2 in otitis media (OM) pathogenesis has yet to be examined. Herein, we used in vivo animal models including C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and RIP2−/− knockout mice inoculated in the middle ear (ME) with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a common human OM pathogen, to evaluate the expression of RIP2 and its signaling genes at the cellular level to determine the role of RIP2 in OM pathogenesis and recovery. The Nod1, Nod2, and Ripk2 genes are minimally expressed in the normal ME. However, they are strongly upregulated during acute OM, as are many genes related to RIP2 signaling. However, while signaling genes were expressed by various ME cell types, only mucosal epithelial and stromal cells expressed the NODs, RIP2, and signaling genes required for the activation of the host defensive response. Whereas WT mice clear ME bacteria and recover from OM within 5 days after infection, RIP2-deficient mice show persistent ME bacterial carriage and inflammation to at least 15 days. This includes significantly prolonged mucosal hyperplasia and ME leukocytic infiltration. Recruitment of macrophages is also delayed in comparison to WT mice. Thus, RIP2 is required to elicit a robust innate immune response that promotes bacterial clearance and increases host innate resistance. The results also identify the structural cells of the ME mucosa, as opposed to leukocytes, as the primary sites of NOD/RIP2 activity in the infected ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Arwa Kurabi,
| | - Jasmine Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kwang Pak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- San Diego Veterans Administration Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
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10
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Liu J, Zhang H, Su Y, Zhang B. Application and prospect of targeting innate immune sensors in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:68. [PMID: 35619184 PMCID: PMC9134593 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of auto-reactive T cells and autoantibody-producing B cells and excessive inflammation are responsible for the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. The suppression of autoreactive T cell activation and autoantibody production, as well as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production have been utilized to ameliorate autoimmune disease symptoms. However, the existing treatment strategies are not sufficient to cure autoimmune diseases since patients can quickly suffer a relapse following the end of treatments. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and various nucleic acid sensors, are expressed in both innate and adaptive immune cells and are involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Here, we have summarized advances of PRRs signaling pathways, association between PRRs and autoimmune diseases, application of inhibitors targeting PRRs and the corresponding signaling molecules relevant to strategies targeting autoimmune diseases. This review emphasizes the roles of different PRRs in activating both innate and adaptive immunity, which can coordinate to trigger autoimmune responses. The review may also prompt the formulation of novel ideas for developing therapeutic strategies against autoimmune diseases by targeting PRRs-related signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Basic and Translational Research Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Abraham C, Abreu MT, Turner JR. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Cytokine Networks in Microbial Defenses and Regulation of Intestinal Barriers: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1602-1616.e6. [PMID: 35149024 PMCID: PMC9112237 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by defects in epithelial function and dysregulated inflammatory signaling by lamina propria mononuclear cells including macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbiota. In this review, we focus on the role of pattern recognition receptors in the inflammatory response as well as epithelial barrier regulation. We explore cytokine networks that increase inflammation, regulate paracellular permeability, cause epithelial damage, up-regulate epithelial proliferation, and trigger restitutive processes. We focus on studies using patient samples as well as speculate on pathways that can be targeted to more holistically treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Kapplusch F, Schulze F, Reinke S, Russ S, Linge M, Kulling F, Kriechling F, Höhne K, Winkler S, Hartmann H, Rösen-Wolff A, Anastassiadis K, Hedrich CM, Hofmann SR. RIP2-deficiency induces inflammation in response to SV40 Large T induced genotoxic stress through altered ROS homeostasis. Clin Immunol 2022; 238:108998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Pan D, Lyu Y, Zhang N, Wang X, Lei T, Liang Z. RIP2 knockdown inhibits cartilage degradation and oxidative stress in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes via regulating TRAF3 and inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway. Clin Immunol 2021; 232:108868. [PMID: 34587513 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) is a key mediator implicated in multiple cellular processes, and its dysregulation has been recently reported in colitis, asthma and other inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of RIP2 on osteoarthritis (OA) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that RIP2 expression was upregulated in human articular cartilage tissues with OA and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated chondrocytes. Knockdown of RIP2 inhibited IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) and oxidative stress. Moreover, knockdown of TRAF3 reversed the effects of RIP2 silencing on cartilage degradation and oxidative stress in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In addition, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activator dehydrocorydalmine chloride (Dc) also reversed the effects of RIP2 silencing on IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Taken together, our data reveal that RIP2 knockdown inhibits cartilage degradation and oxidative stress in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes by regulating TRAF3 expression and p38 MAPK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongSheng Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Lyu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Lei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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A solid-phase approach for the synthesis of muramyl dipeptide conjugates for detection of NOD2. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105360. [PMID: 34562676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper recognition of invading pathogens and prompt initiation of host defense mechanisms are instrumental for the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) serve as pathogen-recognition receptors that specifically recognize bacterial peptidoglycans. NOD2 detects muramyl dipeptide (MDP) through its carboxy-terminal leucine rich repeats (LRRs), which enables the activation of downstream inflammatory signaling. Synthesis of MDP conjugates based on solution phase chemistry have been previously reported. Our solid phase approach synthetically provides a facile approach for the conjugation of biological probes to MDP, with the advantage of minimal functional/protecting group manipulation, and reduction in the laborious process of intermediate purification and isolation. MDP conjugates that we generated using solid phase synthesis allow detection of NOD2 is cell lysates and NOD2 subcellular localization by immunofluorescence microscopy. MDP-PEG6-Cyanine5.5 conjugate selectively colocalized with WT NOD2 but not NOD2 variant found in Crohn's disease, which lacks carboxy-terminal end and cannot bind MDP. Overall, these data indicate that distinct solid phase-produced MDP conjugates can be used to examine biological properties of NOD2 and could potentially facilitate further development of NOD2 targeting agents.
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15
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Honjo H, Watanabe T, Kamata K, Minaga K, Kudo M. RIPK2 as a New Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650403. [PMID: 33935757 PMCID: PMC8079979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are becoming more frequent worldwide. A significant fraction of patients with IBD are refractory to various types of therapeutic biologics and small molecules. Therefore, identification of novel therapeutic targets in IBD is required. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), also known as receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2), is a downstream signaling molecule for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), NOD2, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). RIPK2 is expressed in antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns by NOD1, NOD2, and TLRs leads to the interaction between RIPK2 and these innate immune receptors, followed by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12/23p40 through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Thus, activation of RIPK2 plays a critical role in host defense against microbial infections. Recent experimental and clinical studies have provided evidence that activation of RIPK2 is involved in the development of autoimmune diseases, especially IBDs. In addition, the colonic mucosa of patients with IBD exhibits enhanced expression of RIPK2 and associated signaling molecules. Furthermore, the blockage of RIPK2 activation ameliorates the development of experimental murine colitis. Thus, activation of RIPK2 underlies IBD immunopathogenesis. In this review, we attempt to clarify the roles played by RIPK2 in the development of IBD by focusing on its associated signaling pathways. We also discuss the possibility of using RIPK2 as a new therapeutic target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Honjo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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16
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Hofmann SR, Girschick L, Stein R, Schulze F. Immune modulating effects of receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) in autoinflammation and immunity. Clin Immunol 2020; 223:108648. [PMID: 33310070 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) is a kinase that is involved in downstream signaling of nuclear oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors NOD1 and 2 sensing bacterial peptidoglycans. RIP2-deficiency or targeting of RIP2 by pharmaceutical inhibitors partially ameliorates inflammatory diseases by reducing pro-inflammatory signaling in response to peptidoglycans. However, RIP2 is widely expressed and interacts with several other proteins suggesting additional functions outside the NOD-signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the immunological functions of RIP2 and its possible role in autoinflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Ruth Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Leonie Girschick
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Identification of benzofused five-membered sultams, potent dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112575. [PMID: 32731185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 play important roles in immune system activation. Recently, a shift has occurred due to the emerging knowledge that preventing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) signaling could facilitate the treatment of some cancers, which warrants the search for dual antagonists of NOD1 and NOD2. Herein, we undertook the synthesis and identification of a new class of derivatives of dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists with novel benzofused five-membered sultams. Compound 14k was finally demonstrated to be the most potent molecule that inhibits both NOD1-and NOD2-stimulated NF-κB and MAPK signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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18
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Wada Y, Kondo M, Sakairi K, Nagashima A, Tokita K, Tominaga H, Tomiyama H, Ishikawa T. Renoprotective Effects of a Novel Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 Inhibitor, AS3334034, in Uninephrectomized Adriamycin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:428-437. [PMID: 32561685 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal inflammation is a final common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its progression can be used to effectively gauge the degree of renal dysfunction. Inflammatory mechanisms contribute to glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which are hallmarks of CKD leading to end-stage renal disease. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2) is largely committed to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain signaling as a direct effector and transmits nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production. In the present study, we hypothesized that if inflammation via RIP2 and NF-κB signaling plays an important role in renal failure, then the anti-inflammatory effect of RIP2 inhibitors should be effective in improving CKD. To determine its pharmacologic potency, we investigated the renoprotective properties of the novel RIP2 inhibitor AS3334034 [7-methoxy-6-(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)-N-(4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinolin-4-amine] in uninephrectomized adriamycin-induced CKD rats. Six weeks' repeated administration of AS3334034 (10 mg/kg, once daily) significantly reduced urinary protein excretion and prevented the development of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, AS3334034 showed beneficial effects on renal function, as demonstrated by a decrease in levels of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and attenuation of a decline in creatinine clearance. Furthermore, AS3334034 significantly attenuated inflammation, renal apoptosis, and glomerular podocyte loss. These results suggest that the RIP2 inhibitor AS3334034 suppresses the progression of chronic renal failure via an anti-inflammatory effect and is therefore potentially useful in treating patients with CKD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2) inhibitor AS3334034 suppresses the progression of chronic renal failure via an anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-RIP2 axis might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory kidney diseases. AS3334034 is expected to be potentially useful in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Wada
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Kondo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Kumi Sakairi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Akira Nagashima
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Kenichi Tokita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Hiroaki Tominaga
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Tomiyama
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.W., M.K., K.S., A.N., K.T., H.T.); Research and Development Department, Kotobuki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan (H.T.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan (Y.W., T.I.)
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19
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Slezakova S, Borilova Linhartova P, Bartova J, Petanova J, Kuklinek P, Fassmann A, Dusek L, Izakovicova Holla L. Gene variability in matrix metalloproteinases in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:271-277. [PMID: 31968135 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), inflammatory disease of oral mucosa, is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphisms located in seven genes coding different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-collagenases (MMP1, MMP8, and MMP13), gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), stromelysin (MMP3), and membrane-type metalloproteinase (MMP16) in patients with RAS and healthy controls. METHODS Totally, 223 subjects were included in this case-control study and their detailed anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded. Seventy-seven patients with RAS and 146 controls were genotyped for seventeen polymorphisms in the MMPs genes using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR with restriction analysis. RESULTS Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of the studied polymorphisms between RAS patients and controls were similar, except for allele distributions of MMP1 rs1144393, MMP9 rs3918242, and MMP16 rs10429371, which were different between patients with RAS and healthy controls (P = .023, P = .049 and P = .025, all Pcorr > 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the comparison of genotype frequencies (TT vs CC + CT) of the MMP16 rs10429371 variant showed a marginally significant difference between RAS patients and controls (P = .05, Pcorr > 0.05, OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.95-2.98). CONCLUSIONS No significant relationship between investigated polymorphisms in seven MMPs genes and RAS development in the Czech population was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Slezakova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartova
- Department of Stomatology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Petanova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kuklinek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Fassmann
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dusek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Al-Modawi RN, Brinchmann JE, Karlsen TA. Multi-pathway Protective Effects of MicroRNAs on Human Chondrocytes in an In Vitro Model of Osteoarthritis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:776-790. [PMID: 31446120 PMCID: PMC6716067 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. One of the main pathogenic factors of OA is thought to be inflammation. Other factors associated with OA are dysregulation of microRNAs, reduced autophagic activity, oxidative stress, and altered metabolism. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are powerful regulators of gene expression. miR-140-5p is considered a cartilage-specific microRNA, is necessary for in vitro chondrogenesis, has anti-inflammatory properties, and is downregulated in osteoarthritic cartilage. Its passenger strand, miR-140-3p, is the most highly expressed microRNA in healthy cartilage and increases during in vitro chondrogenesis. miR-146a is a well-known anti-inflammatory microRNA. Several studies have illustrated its role in OA and autoimmune diseases. We show that, when human chondrocytes were transfected individually with miR-140-5p, miR-140-3p, or miR-146a prior to stimulation with interleukin-1 beta and tumor factor necrosis-alpha as an inflammatory model of OA, each of these microRNAs exhibited similar protective effects. Mass spectrometry analysis provided an insight to the altered proteome. All three microRNAs downregulated important inflammatory mediators. In addition, they affected different proteins belonging to the same biological processes, suggesting an overall inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancement of autophagy, and restoration of other homeostatic cellular mechanisms, including metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua Nader Al-Modawi
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tommy A Karlsen
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Watanabe T, Minaga K, Kamata K, Sakurai T, Komeda Y, Nagai T, Kitani A, Tajima M, Fuss IJ, Kudo M, Strober W. RICK/RIP2 is a NOD2-independent nodal point of gut inflammation. Int Immunol 2019; 31:669-683. [PMID: 31132297 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inhibition of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase (RICK) (also known as RIP2) results in amelioration of experimental colitis. This role has largely been attributed to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) signaling since the latter is considered a major inducer of RICK activation. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms accounting for RICK-mediated inhibition of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In an initial series of studies focused on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-colitis and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-colitis we showed that down-regulation of intestinal RICK expression in NOD2-intact mice by intra-rectal administration of a plasmid expressing RICK-specific siRNA was accompanied by down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the colon and protection of the mice from experimental colitis. Somewhat surprisingly, intra-rectal administration of RICK-siRNA also inhibited TNBS-colitis and DSS-colitis in NOD2-deficient and in NOD1/NOD2-double deficient mice. In complementary studies of humans with IBD we found that expression of RICK, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) and downstream signaling partners were markedly increased in inflamed tissue of IBD compared to controls without marked elevations of NOD1 or NOD2 expression. In addition, the increase in RICK expression correlated with disease activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. These studies thus suggest that NOD1- or NOD2-independenent activation of RICK plays a major role in both murine experimental colitis and human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.,Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitani
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masaki Tajima
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan J Fuss
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Warren Strober
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Jurynec MJ, Sawitzke AD, Beals TC, Redd MJ, Stevens J, Otterud B, Leppert MF, Grunwald DJ. A hyperactivating proinflammatory RIPK2 allele associated with early-onset osteoarthritis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2383-2391. [PMID: 29659823 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating disease characterized by abnormal remodeling of the cartilage and bone of the articular joint. Ameliorating therapeutics are lacking due to limited understanding of the molecular pathways affecting disease initiation and progression. Notably, although a link between inflammation and overt OA is well established, the role of inflammation as a driver of disease occurrence is highly disputed. We analyzed a family with dominant inheritance of early-onset OA and found that affected individuals harbored a rare variant allele encoding a significant amino acid change (p.Asn104Asp) in the kinase domain of receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), which transduces signals from activated bacterial peptidoglycan sensors through the NF-κB pathway to generate a proinflammatory immune response. Functional analyses of RIPK2 activity in zebrafish embryos indicated that the variant RIPK2104Asp protein is hyperactive in its signaling capacity, with augmented ability to activate the innate immune response and the NF-κB pathway and to promote upregulation of OA-associated genes. Further we show a second allele of RIPK2 linked to an inflammatory disease associated with arthritis also has enhanced activity stimulating the NF-κB pathway. Our studies reveal for the first time the inflammatory response can function as a gatekeeper risk factor for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jurynec
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Allen D Sawitzke
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Timothy C Beals
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Michael J Redd
- Health Sciences Center Imaging Core Facility, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Jeff Stevens
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Brith Otterud
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mark F Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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23
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Goncharuk SA, Artemieva LE, Tabakmakher VM, Arseniev AS, Mineev KS. CARD domain of rat RIP2 kinase: Refolding, solution structure, pH-dependent behavior and protein-protein interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206244. [PMID: 30352081 PMCID: PMC6198988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RIP2, one of the RIP kinases, interacts with p75 neurotrophin receptor, regulating the neuron survival, and with NOD1 and NOD2 proteins, causing the innate immune response against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria via its caspase recruitment domain (CARD). This makes RIP2 a prospective target for novel therapies, aimed to modulate the inflammatory diseases and neurogenesis/neurodegeneration. Several studies report the problems with the stability of human RIP2 CARD and its production in bacterial hosts, which is a prerequisite for the structural investigation with solution NMR spectroscopy. In the present work, we report the high yield production and refolding protocols and resolve the structure of rat RIP2 CARD. The structure reveals the important differences to the previously published conformation of the homologous human protein. Using solution NMR, we characterized the intramolecular mobility and pH-dependent behavior of RIP2 CARD, and found the propensity of the protein to form high-order oligomers at physiological pH while being monomeric under acidic conditions. The oligomerization of protein may be explained, based on the electrostatic properties of its surface. Analysis of the structure and sequences of homologous proteins reveals the residues which are significant for the unusual fold of RIP2 CARD domains from different species. The high-throughput protein production/refolding protocols and proposed explanation for the protein oligomerization, provide an opportunity to design the stabilized variants of RIP2 CARD, which could be used to study the structural details of RIP2/NOD1/NOD2 interaction and perform the rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Goncharuk
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation
| | - Lilya E. Artemieva
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin M. Tabakmakher
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Arseniev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin S. Mineev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., Dolgoprudnyi, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hrdinka M, Schlicher L, Dai B, Pinkas DM, Bufton JC, Picaud S, Ward JA, Rogers C, Suebsuwong C, Nikhar S, Cuny GD, Huber KV, Filippakopoulos P, Bullock AN, Degterev A, Gyrd-Hansen M. Small molecule inhibitors reveal an indispensable scaffolding role of RIPK2 in NOD2 signaling. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899372. [PMID: 30026309 PMCID: PMC6120666 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RIPK2 mediates inflammatory signaling by the bacteria‐sensing receptors NOD1 and NOD2. Kinase inhibitors targeting RIPK2 are a proposed strategy to ameliorate NOD‐mediated pathologies. Here, we reveal that RIPK2 kinase activity is dispensable for NOD2 inflammatory signaling and show that RIPK2 inhibitors function instead by antagonizing XIAP‐binding and XIAP‐mediated ubiquitination of RIPK2. We map the XIAP binding site on RIPK2 to the loop between β2 and β3 of the N‐lobe of the kinase, which is in close proximity to the ATP‐binding pocket. Through characterization of a new series of ATP pocket‐binding RIPK2 inhibitors, we identify the molecular features that determine their inhibition of both the RIPK2‐XIAP interaction, and of cellular and in vivoNOD2 signaling. Our study exemplifies how targeting of the ATP‐binding pocket in RIPK2 can be exploited to interfere with the RIPK2‐XIAP interaction for modulation of NOD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matous Hrdinka
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Schlicher
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Pinkas
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua C Bufton
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer A Ward
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine Rogers
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sameer Nikhar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kilian Vm Huber
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Salla M, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Danmaliki GI, Zare A, Said A, Moore J, Pandya V, Manaloor R, Fong S, Blankstein AR, Gibson SB, Garcia LR, Meier P, Bhullar KS, Hubbard BP, Fiteh Y, Vliagoftis H, Goping IS, Brocks D, Hwang P, Velázquez-Martínez CA, Baksh S. Identification and Characterization of Novel Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 2 Inhibitors Using Structural Similarity Analysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:354-367. [PMID: 29555876 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.247163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIP2 or RICK, herein referred to as RIPK2) is linked to the pathogen pathway that activates nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) and autophagic activation. Using molecular modeling (docking) and chemoinformatics analyses, we used the RIPK2/ponatinib crystal structure and searched in chemical databases for small molecules exerting binding interactions similar to those exerted by ponatinib. The identified RIPK2 inhibitors potently inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells by > 70% and also inhibited NFκB activity. More importantly, in vivo inhibition of intestinal and lung inflammation rodent models suggests effectiveness to resolve inflammation with low toxicity to the animals. Thus, our identified RIPK2 inhibitor may offer possible therapeutic control of inflammation in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Gaddafi I Danmaliki
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Alaa Zare
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Ahmed Said
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Jack Moore
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Vrajeshkumar Pandya
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Robin Manaloor
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Sunny Fong
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Anna R Blankstein
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Laura Ramos Garcia
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Pascal Meier
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Yahya Fiteh
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Dion Brocks
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Peter Hwang
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Carlos A Velázquez-Martínez
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Departments of Biochemistry (M.S., G.I.D., A.S., J.M., V.P., I.S.G., P.H., S.B.), Pediatrics (A.Z., R.M., S.F., S.B.), Pharmacology (K.S.B., B.P.H.), Oncology (S.B.) Medicine (Y.F., H.V., P.H.), and Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.A.-O., D.B., C.A.-V.M.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (R.A.-O.); Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (A.R.B., S.B.G.); Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, United Kingdom (L.R.G., P.M.); Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.); and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (S.B.)
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Disruption of XIAP-RIP2 Association Blocks NOD2-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling. Mol Cell 2018; 69:551-565.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ma B, Hua K, Zhou S, Zhou H, Chen Y, Luo R, Bi D, Zhou R, He Q, Jin H. Haemophilus parasuis infection activates NOD1/2-RIP2 signaling pathway in PK-15 cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:158-165. [PMID: 29097236 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis, an important swine pathogen, was recently proven able to invade into endothelial or epithelial cell in vitro. NOD1/2 are specialized NLRs that participate in the recognition of pathogens able to invade intracellularly and therefore, we assessed that the contribution of NOD1/2 to inflammation responses during H. parasuis infection. We observed that H. parasuis infection enhanced NOD2 expression and RIP2 phosphorylation in porcine kidney 15 cells. Our results also showed that knock down of NOD1/2 or RIP2 expression respectively significantly decreased H. parasuis-induced NF-κB activity, while the phosphorylation level of p38, JNK or ERK was not changed. Moreover, real-time PCR result showed that NOD1, NOD2 or RIP2 was involved in the expression of CCL4, CCL5 and IL-8. Inhibition of NOD1 and NOD2 significantly reduced CCL5 promoter activity, even in a more effective way compared with inhibition of TLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yushan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Ma X, Liu X, Zhou D, Bai Y, Gao B, Zhang Z, Qin Z. The NF-κB pathway participates in the response to sulfide stress in Urechis unicinctus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:229-238. [PMID: 27633672 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway is known to be involved in regulating apoptosis, inflammation and immunity in organisms. In this study, we first identified full-length cDNA sequences of two key molecules in the NF-κB pathway, namely, NEMO and p65, and characterized their responses in the hindgut of Urechis unicinctus (Echiura, Urechidae) exposed to sulfide. The full-length of cDNA was 2491 bp for U. unicinctus NEMO (UuNEMO) and 1971 bp for U. unicinctus p65 (Uup65), and both polyclonal antibodies were prepared using UuNEMO or Uup65 expressed prokaryotically with the sequence of their whole open reading frame. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting showed that the NF-κB pathway was activated in U. unicinctus exposed to sulfide, in which the content of UuNEMO ubiquitination and nuclear Uup65 increased significantly (p < 0.05) in hindgut tissue of U. unicinctus exposed to sulfide. Furthermore, the mRNA level of UuBcl-xL, a downstream anti-apoptosis gene of the NF-κB pathway, increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 48 h to 72 h and the mRNA level of UuBax, a Bcl-xL antagonist gene, decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at 48 h in the hindgut of U. unicinctus exposed to 50 μM sulfide. During the 150 μM sulfide exposure, the level of UuBcl-xL showed no obvious change, whereas the UuBax mRNA level increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 72 h post-exposure to 150 μM sulfide. We suggested that the activated NF-κB pathway up-regulates UuBcl-xL expression, and evokes an anti-apoptotic response to resist sulfide damage at 50 μM in U. unicinctus. Meanwhile, a Bax-mediated pro-apoptotic response occurs when U. unicinctus is exposed to 150 μM sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yajiao Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Talreja J, Talwar H, Ahmad N, Rastogi R, Samavati L. Dual Inhibition of Rip2 and IRAK1/4 Regulates IL-1β and IL-6 in Sarcoidosis Alveolar Macrophages and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1368-78. [PMID: 27402699 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects the lungs. Our previous work indicates that activation of p38 plays a pivotal role in sarcoidosis inflammatory response. Therefore, we investigated the upstream kinase responsible for activation of p38 in sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages (AMs) and PBMCs. We identified that sustained p38 phosphorylation in sarcoidosis AMs and PBMCs is associated with active MAPK kinase 4 but not with MAPK kinase 3/6. Additionally, we found that sarcoidosis AMs exhibit a higher expression of IRAK1, IRAK-M, and receptor interacting protein 2 (Rip2). Surprisingly, ex vivo treatment of sarcoidosis AMs or PBMCs with IRAK1/4 inhibitor led to a significant increase in IL-1β mRNA expression both spontaneously and in response to TLR2 ligand. However, a combination of Rip2 and IRAK-1/4 inhibitors significantly decreased both IL-1β and IL-6 production in sarcoidosis PBMCs and moderately in AMs. Importantly, a combination of Rip2 and IRAK-1/4 inhibitors led to decreased IFN-γ and IL-6 and decreased percentage of activated CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in PBMCs. These data suggest that in sarcoidosis, both pathways, namely IRAK and Rip2, are deregulated. Targeted modulation of Rip2 and IRAK pathways may prove to be a novel treatment for sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Talreja
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Harvinder Talwar
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Ruchi Rastogi
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
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Haile PA, Votta BJ, Marquis RW, Bury MJ, Mehlmann JF, Singhaus R, Charnley AK, Lakdawala AS, Convery MA, Lipshutz DB, Desai BM, Swift B, Capriotti CA, Berger SB, Mahajan MK, Reilly MA, Rivera EJ, Sun HH, Nagilla R, Beal AM, Finger JN, Cook MN, King BW, Ouellette MT, Totoritis RD, Pierdomenico M, Negroni A, Stronati L, Cucchiara S, Ziółkowski B, Vossenkämper A, MacDonald TT, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Casillas LN. The Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of 6-(tert-Butylsulfonyl)-N-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)quinolin-4-amine (GSK583), a Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitor of RIP2 Kinase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4867-80. [PMID: 27109867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RIP2 kinase is a central component of the innate immune system and enables downstream signaling following activation of the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. Recently, several inhibitors of RIP2 kinase have been disclosed that have contributed to the fundamental understanding of the role of RIP2 in this pathway. However, because they lack either broad kinase selectivity or strong affinity for RIP2, these tools have only limited utility to assess the role of RIP2 in complex environments. We present, herein, the discovery and pharmacological characterization of GSK583, a next-generation RIP2 inhibitor possessing exquisite selectivity and potency. Having demonstrated the pharmacological precision of this tool compound, we report its use in elucidating the role of RIP2 kinase in a variety of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments, further clarifying our understanding of the role of RIP2 in NOD1 and NOD2 mediated disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Máire A Convery
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre , Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Pierdomenico
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) , 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Negroni
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) , 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University Hospital Umberto I , 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Umberto I , 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Vossenkämper
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , E1 2AD London, U.K
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Chirieleison SM, Kertesy SB, Abbott DW. Synthetic Biology Reveals the Uniqueness of the RIP Kinase Domain. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4291-7. [PMID: 27045108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The RIP kinases (RIPKs) play an essential role in inflammatory signaling and inflammatory cell death. However, the function of their kinase activity has been enigmatic, and only recently has kinase domain activity been shown to be crucial for their signal transduction capacity. Despite this uncertainty, the RIPKs have been the subject of intense pharmaceutical development with a number of compounds currently in preclinical testing. In this work, we seek to determine the functional redundancy between the kinase domains of the four major RIPK family members. We find that although RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK4 are similar in that they can all activate NF-κB and induce NF-κB essential modulator ubiquitination, only RIPK2 is a dual-specificity kinase. Domain swapping experiments showed that the RIPK4 kinase domain could be converted to a dual-specificity kinase and is essentially indistinct from RIPK2 in biochemical and molecular activity. Surprisingly, however, replacement of RIPK2's kinase domain with RIPK4's did not complement a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 signaling or gene expression induction defect in RIPK2(-/-) macrophages. These findings suggest that RIPK2's kinase domain is functionally unique compared with other RIPK family members and that pharmacologic targeting of RIPK2 can be separated from the other RIPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Chirieleison
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Sylvia B Kertesy
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Canning P, Ruan Q, Schwerd T, Hrdinka M, Maki JL, Saleh D, Suebsuwong C, Ray S, Brennan PE, Cuny GD, Uhlig HH, Gyrd-Hansen M, Degterev A, Bullock AN. Inflammatory Signaling by NOD-RIPK2 Is Inhibited by Clinically Relevant Type II Kinase Inhibitors. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2015; 22:1174-84. [PMID: 26320862 PMCID: PMC4579271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RIPK2 mediates pro-inflammatory signaling from the bacterial sensors NOD1 and NOD2, and is an emerging therapeutic target in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We observed that cellular RIPK2 can be potently inhibited by type II inhibitors that displace the kinase activation segment, whereas ATP-competitive type I inhibition was only poorly effective. The most potent RIPK2 inhibitors were the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs ponatinib and regorafenib. Their mechanism of action was independent of NOD2 interaction and involved loss of downstream kinase activation as evidenced by lack of RIPK2 autophosphorylation. Notably, these molecules also blocked RIPK2 ubiquitination and, consequently, inflammatory nuclear factor κB signaling. In monocytes, the inhibitors selectively blocked NOD-dependent tumor necrosis factor production without affecting lipopolysaccharide-dependent pathways. We also determined the first crystal structure of RIPK2 bound to ponatinib, and identified an allosteric site for inhibitor development. These results highlight the potential for type II inhibitors to treat indications of RIPK2 activation as well as inflammation-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Canning
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Qui Ruan
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matous Hrdinka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jenny L Maki
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Danish Saleh
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Program in Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Soumya Ray
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Kao WP, Yang CY, Su TW, Wang YT, Lo YC, Lin SC. The versatile roles of CARDs in regulating apoptosis, inflammation, and NF-κB signaling. Apoptosis 2015; 20:174-95. [PMID: 25420757 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CARD subfamily is the second largest subfamily in the DD superfamily that plays important roles in regulating various signaling pathways, including but not limited to NF-kB activation signaling, apoptosis signaling and inflammatory signaling. The CARD subfamily contains 33 human CARD-containing proteins, regulating the assembly of many signaling complexes, including apoptosome, inflammsome, nodosome, the CBM complex, PIDDosome, the TRAF2 complex, and the MAVS signalosome, by homotypic CARD-CARD interactions. The mechanism of how CARDs find the right binding partner to form a specific complex remains unclear. This review uses different classification schemes to update the classification of CARD-containing proteins. Combining the classification based on domain structures, functions, associated signaling complexes, and roles would help better understand the structural and function diversity of CARD-containing proteins. This review also summarizes recent structural studies on CARDs. Especially, the CARD-containing complexes can be divided into the homodimeric, heterodimeric, oligomeric, filamentous CARD complexes and the CARD-ubiquitin complex. This review will give an overview of the versatile roles of CARDs in regulating signaling transduction, as well as the therapeutic drugs targeting CARD-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Kao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Andersson L, Scharin Täng M, Lundqvist A, Lindbom M, Mardani I, Fogelstrand P, Shahrouki P, Redfors B, Omerovic E, Levin M, Borén J, Levin MC. Rip2 modifies VEGF-induced signalling and vascular permeability in myocardial ischaemia. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:478-86. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Madi A, Bransburg-Zabary S, Maayan-Metzger A, Dar G, Ben-Jacob E, Cohen IR. Tumor-associated and disease-associated autoantibody repertoires in healthy colostrum and maternal and newborn cord sera. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:5272-81. [PMID: 25917091 PMCID: PMC4432729 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we studied autoantibody repertoires and Ig isotypes in 71 mothers and their 104 healthy newborns (including twins and triplets delivered term or premature). Newborns receive maternal IgG Abs via the placenta before birth, but developing infants must produce their own IgM and IgA Abs. We used an Ag microarray analysis to detect binding to a selection of 295 self-Ags, compared with 27 standard foreign Ags. The magnitude of binding to specific self-Ags was found to be not less than that to the foreign Ags. As expected, each newborn shared with its mother a similar IgG repertoire-manifest as early as the 24th week of gestation. IgM and IgA autoantibody repertoires in cord sera were highly correlated among the newborns and differed from their mothers' repertoires; the latter differed in sera and milk. The autoantibodies bound to self-Ags known to be associated with tumors and to autoimmune diseases. Thus, autoantibody repertoires in healthy humans--the immunological homunculus--arise congenitally, differ in maternal milk and sera, and mark the potential of the immune system to attack tumors, beneficially, or healthy tissues, harmfully; regulation of the tissue site, the dynamics, and the response phenotype of homuncular autoimmunity very likely affects health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Madi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neonatology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262100 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharron Bransburg-Zabary
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayala Maayan-Metzger
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neonatology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, 5262100 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gittit Dar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eshel Ben-Jacob
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005; and
| | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Caruso R, Warner N, Inohara N, Núñez G. NOD1 and NOD2: signaling, host defense, and inflammatory disease. Immunity 2014; 41:898-908. [PMID: 25526305 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and NOD2, the founding members of the intracellular NOD-like receptor family, sense conserved motifs in bacterial peptidoglycan and induce proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Here, we discuss recent developments about the mechanisms by which NOD1 and NOD2 are activated by bacterial ligands, the regulation of their signaling pathways, and their role in host defense and inflammatory disease. Several routes for the entry of peptidoglycan ligands to the host cytosol to trigger activation of NOD1 and NOD2 have been elucidated. Furthermore, genetic screens and biochemical analyses have revealed mechanisms that regulate NOD1 and NOD2 signaling. Finally, recent studies have suggested several mechanisms to account for the link between NOD2 variants and susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Further understanding of NOD1 and NOD2 should provide new insight into the pathogenesis of disease and the development of new strategies to treat inflammatory and infectious disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neil Warner
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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38
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Dugan J, Griffiths E, Snow P, Rosenzweig H, Lee E, Brown B, Carr DW, Rose C, Rosenbaum J, Davey MP. Blau syndrome-associated Nod2 mutation alters expression of full-length NOD2 and limits responses to muramyl dipeptide in knock-in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:349-57. [PMID: 25429073 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical mechanism by which mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) cause Blau syndrome is unknown. Several studies have examined the effect of mutations associated with Blau syndrome in vitro, but none has looked at the implication of the mutations in vivo. To test the hypothesis that mutated NOD2 causes alterations in signaling pathways downstream of NOD2, we created a Nod2 knock-in mouse carrying the most common mutation seen in Blau syndrome, R314Q (corresponding to R334Q in humans). The endogenous regulatory elements of mouse Nod2 were unaltered. R314Q mice showed reduced cytokine production in response to i.p. and intravitreal muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Macrophages from R314Q mice showed reduced NF-κB and IL-6 responses, blunted phosphorylation of MAPKs, and deficient ubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 2 in response to MDP. R314Q mice expressed a truncated 80-kDa form of NOD2 that was most likely generated by a posttranslational event because there was no evidence for a stop codon or alternative splicing event. Human macrophages from two patients with Blau syndrome also showed a reduction of both cytokine production and phosphorylation of p38 in response to MDP, indicating that both R314Q mice and cells from patients with Blau syndrome show reduced responses to MDP. These data indicate that the R314Q mutation when studied with the Nod2 endogenous regulatory elements left intact is associated with marked structural and biochemical changes that are significantly different from those observed from studies of the mutation using overexpression, transient transfection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Dugan
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Eric Griffiths
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Paige Snow
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Holly Rosenzweig
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Ellen Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Brieanna Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Daniel W Carr
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Carlos Rose
- Division of Rheumatology, DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803; and
| | - James Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239; Legacy Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR 97210
| | - Michael P Davey
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239;
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39
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Wouters CH, Maes A, Foley KP, Bertin J, Rose CD. Blau syndrome, the prototypic auto-inflammatory granulomatous disease. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2014; 12:33. [PMID: 25136265 PMCID: PMC4136643 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blau syndrome is a monogenic disease resulting from mutations in the pattern recognition receptor NOD2, and is phenotypically characterized by the triad of granulomatous polyarthritis, dermatitis and uveitis. This paper reviews briefly the classical clinical features of the disease, as well as more recently described extra-triad symptoms. From an ongoing prospective multicenter study, we provide new data on the natural history of Blau syndrome, focusing on functional status and visual outcome. We also present an update of the range of different NOD2 mutations found in Blau syndrome as well as recent data on morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the Blau granuloma. Finally, emerging insights into pathogenic mechanisms including activation of NOD2 signal transduction, and potential biomarkers of disease activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine H Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pediatric Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Maes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin P Foley
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos D Rose
- Division of Rheumatology Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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40
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Corridoni D, Arseneau KO, Cifone MG, Cominelli F. The dual role of nod-like receptors in mucosal innate immunity and chronic intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:317. [PMID: 25071778 PMCID: PMC4090755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are highly conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that play, in combination with toll-like receptors, a critical role in innate immunity and inflammation. These proteins are characterized by a central oligomerization domain termed nucleotide-binding domain, and a protein interaction domain containing leucine-rich repeats. Some NLRs, including NOD1 and NOD2, sense the cytosolic presence of conserved bacterial molecular signatures and drive the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and the transcription factor NF-κB. A different set of NLRs induces caspase-1 activation through the assembly of large protein complexes known as inflammasomes. Activation of NLR proteins results in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent inflammatory responses. The critical role of NLRs in innate immunity is underscored by the fact that polymorphisms within their genes are implicated in the development of several immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Over the past few years, the role of NLRs in intestinal homeostasis has been highlighted, however the mechanism by which dysfunction in these proteins leads to aberrant inflammation is still the focus of much investigation. The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the function of NLRs in mucosal innate immunity and understand how genetic or functional alterations in these components can lead to the disruption of intestinal homeostasis, and the subsequent development of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corridoni
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Kristen O Arseneau
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA ; Digestive Health Research Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
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41
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Corridoni D, Arseneau KO, Cominelli F. Functional defects in NOD2 signaling in experimental and human Crohn disease. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:340-4. [PMID: 24637801 PMCID: PMC4153771 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.28404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that a deficit in innate immunity may play a causative role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The most compelling support for this hypothesis comes from the genetic association of Crohn disease (CD) with carriage of polymorphisms within the NOD2 gene, which represent the most frequent genetic defect in CD. Our findings suggest that SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop CD-like ileitis in the absence of NOD2 genetic mutations, fail to respond to MDP administration by displaying decreased innate cytokine production and impaired bacterial clearance before the onset of disease. This provides evidence that dysregulated NOD2 signaling, genetic or functional in nature, predisposes to chronic intestinal inflammation, and supports a new paradigm that CD may occur from a deficit in innate immunity as opposed to an overly aggressive immune response. This new paradigm could lead to potential development of new preventative or therapeutic modalities for patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corridoni
- Department of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA,Digestive Health Research Center; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Kristen O Arseneau
- Department of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA,Digestive Health Research Center; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA,Digestive Health Research Center; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH USA,Correspondence to: Fabio Cominelli,
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42
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Jakopin Ž. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) inhibitors: a rational approach toward inhibition of NOD signaling pathway. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6897-918. [PMID: 24707857 DOI: 10.1021/jm401841p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2) has been implicated in the pathology of various inflammatory disorders, rendering them and their downstream signaling proteins potential therapeutic targets. Selective inhibition of NOD1 and NOD2 signaling could be advantageous in treating many acute and chronic diseases; therefore, harnessing the full potential of NOD inhibitors is a key topic in medicinal chemistry. Although they are among the best studied NOD-like receptors (NLRs), the therapeutic potential of pharmacological modulation of NOD1 and NOD2 is largely unexplored. This review is focused on the scientific progress in the field of NOD inhibitors over the past decade, including the recently reported selective inhibitors of NOD1 and NOD2. In addition, the potential approaches to inhibition of NOD signaling as well as the advantages and disadvantages linked with inhibition of NOD signaling are discussed. Finally, the potential directions for drug discovery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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