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Zheng X, He J, Guo X, Xiao Y, Liao X, Zhu Z, Chen D. Unraveling molecular mechanistic disparities in pathogenic visceral Leishmania resistance between reptiles and mammals through comparative transcriptomic analyses. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107349. [PMID: 39098753 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most important neglected tropical parasitic diseases, manifesting various clinical forms depending on the parasite species and the genetic background of the host. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of reptilian defense against pathogenic Leishmania species and to delineate the global gene expression profile alterations during host-pathogen interaction, we established experimental animal and cell models using both heterothermic lizards (Phrynocephalus przewalskii) and homothermic mammals (BALB/c mice) infected with pathogenic Leishmania infantum (high virulence HCZ strain) and Leishmania donovani (low virulence 801 strain). Overall, the lizards didn't show any obvious clinical symptoms or immune responses in vivo. Using RNA-seq methodology, differentially expressed genes identified in the HCZ and 801-comparison groups of P. przewalskii were primarily associated with arginine biosynthesis, the MAPK signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In contrast, higher parasite loads, exacerbated hepatic inflammatory lesions and enhanced immune responses were observed in BALB/c mice, with DEGs predominantly associated with immunological diseases, innate and adaptive immune responses. By integrating transcriptional data from reptile and mammalian hosts, we elucidated the pivotal role of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in parasite control. In contrast to findings from animal experiments, Leishmania parasites effectively infected peritoneal macrophages of lizards in vitro, demonstrating a high infection rate. Furthermore, we used RT-qPCR to detect changes in cytokine expression in macrophages and found that Th1-type cytokines were significantly upregulated in lizards, facilitating the clearance of the HCZ strain 24 hours post-infection. Conversely, cytokine expression was generally suppressed in BALB/c mice, allowing immune evasion by the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinlei He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China
| | - Yuying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuechun Liao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Murata K, Murao A, Tan C, Wang P, Aziz M. B-1a cells scavenge NETs to attenuate sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:632-643. [PMID: 38484156 PMCID: PMC11367732 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
B-1a cells, a regulatory subset of B lymphocytes, produce natural IgM and interleukin-10. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a crucial role in pathogen defense, but their excessive formation during sepsis can cause further inflammation and tissue damage. In sepsis, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), a damage-associated molecular pattern, is released to induce NET formation. We hypothesize that B-1a cells clear NETs to prevent sepsis-induced injury. Sepsis in mice was induced by injecting 1 × 107 and 5 × 107 colony-forming units of Escherichia coli intraperitoneally. After 4 and 20 h, we assessed the number of B-1a cells in the peritoneal cavity using flow cytometry. Our results showed that the number of peritoneal B-1a cells was significantly decreased in E. coli sepsis mice. Importantly, replenishing B-1a cells via intraperitoneal injection in sepsis mice significantly decreased NETs in peritoneal neutrophils. We also observed a decrease in serum inflammation and injury markers and a significant increase in the overall survival rate in B-1a cell-treated septic mice. To understand the mechanism, we cocultured bone marrow-derived neutrophils with peritoneal B-1a cells in a contact or noncontact condition using an insert and stimulated them with eCIRP. After 4 h, we found that eCIRP significantly increased NET formation in bone marrow-derived neutrophils. Interestingly, we observed that B-1a cells inhibited NETs by 67% in a contact-dependent manner. Surprisingly, when B-1a cells were cultured in inserts, there was no significant decrease in NET formation, suggesting that direct cell-to-cell contact is crucial for this inhibitory effect. We further determined that B-1a cells promoted NET phagocytosis, and this was mediated through natural IgM, as blocking the IgM receptor attenuated the engulfment of NETs by B-1a cells. Finally, we identified that following their engulfment, NETs were localized into the lysosomal compartment for lysis. Thus, our study suggests that B-1a cells decrease NET content in eCIRP-treated neutrophils and E. coli sepsis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Murata
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Atsushi Murao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Chuyi Tan
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
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3
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Han XQ, Cui ZW, Ma ZY, Wang J, Hu YZ, Li J, Ye JM, Tafalla C, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. Phagocytic Plasma Cells in Teleost Fish Provide Insights into the Origin and Evolution of B Cells in Vertebrates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:730-742. [PMID: 38984862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Teleost IgM+ B cells can phagocytose, like mammalian B1 cells, and secrete Ag-specific IgM, like mammalian B2 cells. Therefore, teleost IgM+ B cells may have the functions of both mammalian B1 and B2 cells. To support this view, we initially found that grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IgM+ plasma cells (PCs) exhibit robust phagocytic ability, akin to IgM+ naive B cells. Subsequently, we sorted grass carp IgM+ PCs into two subpopulations: nonphagocytic (Pha-IgM+ PCs) and phagocytic IgM+ PCs (Pha+IgM+ PCs), both of which demonstrated the capacity to secrete natural IgM with LPS and peptidoglycan binding capacity. Remarkably, following immunization of grass carp with an Ag, we observed that both Pha-IgM+ PCs and Pha+IgM+ PCs could secrete Ag-specific IgM. Furthermore, in vitro concatenated phagocytosis experiments in which Pha-IgM+ PCs from an initial phagocytosis experiment were sorted and exposed again to beads confirmed that these cells also have phagocytic capabilities, thereby suggesting that all teleost IgM+ B cells have phagocytic potential. Additionally, we found that grass carp IgM+ PCs display classical phenotypic features of macrophages, providing support for the hypothesis that vertebrate B cells evolved from ancient phagocytes. These findings together reveal that teleost B cells are a primitive B cell type with functions reminiscent of both mammalian B1 and B2 cells, providing insights into the origin and evolution of B cells in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-You Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI
| | - Jian-Min Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA), National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Ransegnola BP, Pattarabanjird T, McNamara CA. Tipping the Scale: Atheroprotective IgM-Producing B Cells in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1906-1915. [PMID: 39022832 PMCID: PMC11338718 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose progression is fueled by proinflammatory moieties and limited by anti-inflammatory mediators. Whereas oxidative damage and the generation of oxidation-specific epitopes that act as damage-associated molecular patterns are highly inflammatory, IgM antibodies produced by B-1 and marginal zone B cells counteract unrestricted inflammation by neutralizing and encouraging clearance of these proinflammatory signals. In this review, we focus on describing the identities of IgM-producing B cells in both mice and humans, elaborating the mechanisms underlying IgM production, and discussing the potential strategies to augment the production of atheroprotective IgM. In addition, we will discuss promising therapeutic interventions in humans to help tip the scale toward augmentation of IgM production and to provide atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Patrick Ransegnola
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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5
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DeStefano S, Hartigan DR, Josyula A, Faust M, Fertil D, Lokwani R, Ngo TB, Sadtler K. Conserved and tissue-specific immune responses to biologic scaffold implantation. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:68-80. [PMID: 38879103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Upon implantation into a patient, any biomaterial induces a cascade of immune responses that influences the outcome of that device. This cascade depends upon several factors, including the composition of the material itself and the location in which the material is implanted. There is still significant uncertainty around the role of different tissue microenvironments in the immune response to biomaterials and how that may alter downstream scaffold remodeling and integration. In this study, we present a study evaluating the immune response to decellularized extracellular matrix materials within the intraperitoneal cavity, the subcutaneous space, and in a traumatic skeletal muscle injury microenvironment. All different locations induced robust cellular recruitment, specifically of macrophages and eosinophils. The latter was most prominent in the subcutaneous space. Intraperitoneal implants uniquely recruited B cells that may alter downstream reactivity as adaptive immunity has been strongly implicated in the outcome of scaffold remodeling. These data suggest that the location of tissue implants should be taken together with the composition of the material itself when designing devices for downline therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Different tissue locations have unique immune microenvironments, which can influence the immune response to biomaterial implants. By considering the specific immune profiles of the target tissue, researchers can develop implant materials that promote better integration, reduce complications, and improve the overall outcome of the implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Devon R Hartigan
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aditya Josyula
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ravi Lokwani
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tran B Ngo
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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6
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Han XQ, Pan YR, Zhong YQ, Tian TT, Liu X, Zhang XJ, Zhang YA. Identification and functional analyses of CD4-1 + cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109649. [PMID: 38797336 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, CD4 is found to be expressed on T cells and innate immune cells, however, teleost cells bearing CD4 have not been well identified and characterized. In this study, we identified two different CD4-1+ cell subsets in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): CD4-1+ lymphocytes (Lym) and CD4-1+ myeloid cells (Mye), both of which had the highest proportions in the head kidney. The mRNA expression analysis showed that CD4-1, CD4-2, TCRβ, CD3γ/δ, and LCK1 are highly expressed in CD4-1+ Lym and also expressed in CD4-1+ Mye. Furthermore, we found that CD4-1+ Lym have a Lym morphology and highly express T-cell cytokines, suggesting that they are CD4+ T cells equivalent to mammalian Th cells. On the other hand, CD4-1+ Mye were found to have a morphology of macrophage and highly express macrophage marker gene MCSFR, indicating that they are macrophages. In addition, functional analysis revealed that CD4-1+ Mye possess phagocytic ability and great antigen-processing ability. Taken together, our study sheds further light on the composition and function of CD4+ cells in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Ru Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Li D, Ma Y, Miao Y, Liu S, Bi Y, Ji Y, Wu Q, Zhou C, Ma Y. Peritoneal B1 and B2 cells respond differently to LPS and IL-21 stimulation. Mol Immunol 2024; 170:46-56. [PMID: 38615627 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal B cells can be divided into B1 cells (CD11b+CD19+) and B2 cells (CD11b-CD19+) based on CD11b expression. B1 cells play a crucial role in the innate immune response by producing natural antibodies and cytokines. B2 cells share similar traits with B1 cells, influenced by the peritoneal environment. However, the response of both B1 and B2 cells to the same stimuli in the peritoneum remains uncertain. We isolated peritoneal B1 and B2 cells from mice and assessed differences in Interleukin-10(IL-10) secretion, apoptosis, and surface molecule expression following exposure to LPS and Interleukin-21(IL-21). Our findings indicate that B1 cells are potent IL-10 producers, possessing surface molecules with an IgMhiCD43+CD21low profile, and exhibit a propensity for apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, B2 cells exhibit lower IL-10 production and surface markers characterized as IgMlowCD43-CD21hi, indicative of some resistance to apoptosis. LPS stimulates MAPK phosphorylation in B1 and B2 cells, causing IL-10 production. Furthermore, LPS inhibits peritoneal B2 cell apoptosis by enhancing Bcl-xL expression. Conversely, IL-21 has no impact on IL-10 production in these cells. Nevertheless, impeding STAT3 phosphorylation permits IL-21 to increase IL-10 production in peritoneal B cells. Moreover, IL-21 significantly raises apoptosis levels in these cells, a process independent of STAT3 phosphorylation and possibly linked to reduced Bcl-xL expression. This study elucidates the distinct functional and response profiles of B1 and B2 cells in the peritoneum to stimuli like LPS and IL-21, highlighting their differential roles in immunological responses and B cell diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- The Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yinsha Miao
- Blood Transfusion Department, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, China
| | - Sasa Liu
- The Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Bi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qifei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical, Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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8
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Kwabiah RR, Weiland E, Henderson S, Vasquez I, Paradis H, Tucker D, Dimitrov I, Gardiner D, Tucker S, Newhook N, Boyce D, Scapigliati G, Kirby S, Santander J, Gendron RL. Increased water temperature contributes to a chondrogenesis response in the eyes of spotted wolffish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12508. [PMID: 38822021 PMCID: PMC11143355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult vertebrate cartilage is usually quiescent. Some vertebrates possess ocular scleral skeletons composed of cartilage or bone. The morphological characteristics of the spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) scleral skeleton have not been described. Here we assessed the scleral skeletons of cultured spotted wolffish, a globally threatened marine species. The healthy spotted wolffish we assessed had scleral skeletons with a low percentage of cells staining for the chondrogenesis marker sex-determining region Y-box (Sox) 9, but harboured a population of intraocular cells that co-express immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Sox9. Scleral skeletons of spotted wolffish with grossly observable eye abnormalities displayed a high degree of perochondrial activation as evidenced by cellular morphology and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phosphotyrosine. Cells staining for cluster of differentiation (CD) 45 and IgM accumulated around sites of active chondrogenesis, which contained cells that strongly expressed Sox9. The level of scleral chondrogenesis and the numbers of scleral cartilage PCNA positive cells increased with the temperature of the water in which spotted wolffish were cultured. Our results provide new knowledge of differing Sox9 spatial tissue expression patterns during chondrogenesis in normal control and ocular insult paradigms. Our work also provides evidence that spotted wolffish possess an inherent scleral chondrogenesis response that may be sensitive to temperature. This work also advances the fundamental knowledge of teleost ocular skeletal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Kwabiah
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Eva Weiland
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Henderson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Hélène Paradis
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Denise Tucker
- Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Iliana Dimitrov
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Danielle Gardiner
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tucker
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Newhook
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Danny Boyce
- Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Simon Kirby
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Robert L Gendron
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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9
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Hill BD, Zak AJ, Raja S, Bugada LF, Rizvi SM, Roslan SB, Nguyen HN, Chen J, Jiang H, Ono A, Goldstein DR, Wen F. iGATE analysis improves the interpretability of single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172140. [PMID: 38814732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a persistent health burden worldwide. To design equitable vaccines effective across all demographics, it is essential to better understand how host factors such as genetic background and aging affect the single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) represents a promising technique in this pursuit, but interpreting its large, high-dimensional data remains difficult. We have developed a new analytical approach, in silico gating annotating training elucidating (iGATE), based on probabilistic support vector machine classification. By rapidly and accurately "gating" tens of millions of cells in silico into user-defined types, iGATE enabled us to track 25 canonical immune cell types in mouse lung over the course of influenza infection. Applying iGATE to study effects of host genetic background, we show that the lower survival of C57BL/6 mice compared with BALB/c was associated with a more rapid accumulation of inflammatory cell types and decreased IL-10 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the most prominent effect of aging is a defective T cell response, reducing survival of aged mice. Finally, iGATE reveals that the 25 canonical immune cell types exhibited differential influenza infection susceptibility and replication permissiveness in vivo, but neither property varied with host genotype or aging. The software is available at https://github.com/UmichWenLab/iGATE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judy Chen
- Program in Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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10
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Jenberie S, van der Wal YA, Jensen I, Jørgensen JB. There and back again? A B cell's tale on responses and spatial distribution in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109479. [PMID: 38467322 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Teleost B cells are of special interest due to their evolutionary position and involvement in vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. While recent progress has revealed uneven distribution of B cell subsets across the various immune sites and that B cells are one of the early responders to infection, substantial knowledge gaps persist regarding their immunophenotypic profile, functional mechanisms, and what factors lead them to occupy different immune niches. This review aims to assess the current understanding of B cell diversity, their spatial distribution in various systemic and peripheral immune sites, how B cell responses initiate, the sites where these responses develop, their trafficking, and the locations where long-term B cell responses take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiferaw Jenberie
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Ingvill Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Rodríguez-Zhurbenko N, Hernández AM. The role of B-1 cells in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363176. [PMID: 38629061 PMCID: PMC11019000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, in addition to the well-established role of T cells in controlling or promoting tumor growth, a new wave of research has demonstrated the active involvement of B cells in tumor immunity. B-cell subsets with distinct phenotypes and functions play various roles in tumor progression. Plasma cells and activated B cells have been linked to improved clinical outcomes in several types of cancer, whereas regulatory B cells have been associated with disease progression. However, we are only beginning to understand the role of a particular innate subset of B cells, referred to as B-1 cells, in cancer. Here, we summarize the characteristics of B-1 cells and review their ability to infiltrate tumors. We also describe the potential mechanisms through which B-1 cells suppress anti-tumor immune responses and promote tumor progression. Additionally, we highlight recent studies on the protective anti-tumor function of B-1 cells in both mouse models and humans. Understanding the functions of B-1 cells in tumor immunity could pave the way for designing more effective cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nely Rodríguez-Zhurbenko
- Immunobiology Department, Immunology and Immunotherapy Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana M. Hernández
- Applied Genetics Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Habana, Cuba
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12
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Jiao W, Wen N, Wang S, Zhou G, Lu Q, Su Z, Wang X, Hu S, Xie Y, Zhang N, Liu X. Effect of surface modification on the distribution of magnetic nanorings in hepatocellular carcinoma and immune cells. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2628-2638. [PMID: 38376513 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02560h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanomaterial-mediated magnetic hyperthermia is a localized heating treatment modality that has been applied to treat aggressive cancer in clinics. In addition to being taken up by tumor cells to function in cancer therapy, magnetic nanomaterials can also be internalized by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, which may contribute to regulating the anti-tumor immune effects. However, there exists little studies on the distribution of magnetic nanomaterials in different types of cells within tumor tissue. Herein, ferrimagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide nanorings (FVIOs) with or without the liver-cancer-targeting peptide SP94 have been successfully synthesized as a model system to investigate the effect of surface modification of FVIOs (with or without SP94) on the distribution of tumor cells and different immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment of a mouse. The distribution ratio of FVIO-SP94s in tumor cells was 1.3 times more than that of FVIOs. Immune cells in the liver tumor microenvironment took up fewer FVIO-SP94s than FVIOs. In addition, myeloid cells were found to be much more amenable than lymphoid cells in terms of their ability to phagocytose nanoparticles. Specifically, the distributions of FVIOs/FVIO-SP94s in tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were 13.8%/12%, 3.7%/0.9%, and 6.3%/1.2%, respectively. While the distributions of FVIOs/FVIO-SP94s in T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells were 5.5%/0.7%, 3.0%/0.7%, and 0.4%/0.3%, respectively. The results described in this article enhance our understanding of the distribution of nanomaterials in the tumor microenvironment and provide a strategy for rational design of magnetic hyperthermia agents that can effectively regulate anti-tumor immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbo Jiao
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Nana Wen
- School of Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology, Shizuishan, Ningxia 753000, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Guxiang Zhou
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qiaoyi Lu
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Zijun Su
- School of materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shen Zhen, Guangdong 529406, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Youbang Xie
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, 2 Gonghe Road, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
- Institute of Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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13
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Ottens K, Schneider J, Satterthwaite AB. B-1a Cells, but Not Marginal Zone B Cells, Are Implicated in the Accumulation of Autoreactive Plasma Cells in Lyn-/- Mice. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:47-56. [PMID: 38189742 PMCID: PMC10835670 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in Lyn, a tyrosine kinase that limits B cell activation, develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease characterized by the accumulation of splenic plasma cells and the production of autoantibodies. Lyn-/- mice have reduced numbers of marginal zone (MZ) B cells, a B cell subset that is enriched in autoreactivity and prone to plasma cell differentiation. We hypothesized that this is due to unchecked terminal differentiation of this potentially pathogenic B cell subpopulation. However, impairing MZ B cell development in Lyn-/- mice did not reduce plasma cell accumulation or autoantibodies, and preventing plasma cell differentiation did not restore MZ B cell numbers. Instead, Lyn-/- mice accumulated B-1a cells when plasma cell differentiation was impaired. Similar to MZ B cells, B-1a cells tend to be polyreactive or weakly autoreactive and are primed for terminal differentiation. Our results implicate B-1a cells, but not MZ B cells, as contributors to the autoreactive plasma cell pool in Lyn-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ottens
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jalyn Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Anne B. Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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14
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Jiao A, Zhang C, Wang X, Sun L, Liu H, Su Y, Lei L, Li W, Ding R, Ding C, Dou M, Tian P, Sun C, Yang X, Zhang L, Zhang B. Single-cell sequencing reveals the evolution of immune molecules across multiple vertebrate species. J Adv Res 2024; 55:73-87. [PMID: 36871615 PMCID: PMC10770119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both innate and adaptive immune system undergo evolution from low to high vertebrates. Due to the limitation of conventional approaches in identifying broader spectrum of immune cells and molecules from various vertebrates, it remains unclear how immune molecules evolve among vertebrates. OBJECTIVES Here, we utilized carry out comparative transcriptome analysis in various immune cells across seven vertebrate species. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). RESULTS We uncovered both conserved and species-specific profiling of gene expression in innate and adaptive immunity. Macrophages exhibited highly-diversified genes and developed sophisticated molecular signaling networks along with evolution, indicating effective and versatile functions in higher species. In contrast, B cells conservatively evolved with less differentially-expressed genes in analyzed species. Interestingly, T cells represented a dominant immune cell populations in all species and unique T cell populations were identified in zebrafish and pig. We also revealed compensatory TCR cascade components utilized by different species. Inter-species comparison of core gene programs demonstrated mouse species has the highest similarity in immune transcriptomes to human. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our comparative study reveals gene transcription characteristics across multiple vertebrate species during the evolution of immune system, providing insights for species-specific immunity as well as the translation of animal studies to human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chenguang Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Meng Dou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Puxun Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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15
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Wang R, Li H, Ling C, Zhang X, Lu J, Luan W, Zhang J, Shi L. A novel phenotype of B cells associated with enhanced phagocytic capability and chemotactic function after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2413-2423. [PMID: 37282471 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of B cells in neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration. However, the role of B cells in ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we identified a novel phenotype of macrophage-like B cells in brain-infiltrating immune cells expressing a high level of CD45. Macrophage-like B cells characterized by co-expression of B-cell and macrophage markers, showed stronger phagocytic and chemotactic functions compared with other B cells and showed upregulated expression of phagocytosis-related genes. Gene Ontology analysis found that the expression of genes associated with phagocytosis, including phagosome- and lysosome-related genes, was upregulated in macrophage-like B cells. The phagocytic activity of macrophage-like B cells was verified by immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction, in which TREM2-labeled macrophage-like B cells enwrapped and internalized myelin debris after cerebral ischemia. Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed that macrophage-like B cells released multiple chemokines to recruit peripheral immune cells mainly via CCL pathways. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that the transdifferentiation to macrophage-like B cells may be induced by specific upregulation of the transcription factor CEBP family to the myeloid lineage and/or by downregulation of the transcription factor Pax5 to the lymphoid lineage. Furthermore, this distinct B cell phenotype was detected in brain tissues from mice or patients with traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and glioblastoma. Overall, these results provide a new perspective on the phagocytic capability and chemotactic function of B cells in the ischemic brain. These cells may serve as an immunotherapeutic target for regulating the immune response of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenhan Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weimin Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University; Stroke Research Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ligen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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16
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Adachi R, Tamura T. Plasmodium Infection-Cure Cycles Increase the Capacity of Phagocytosis in Conventional Dendritic Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:1262. [PMID: 37887778 PMCID: PMC10609740 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria stands as one of the most pervasive human infectious diseases globally and represents a prominent cause of mortality. Immunity against clinical malaria disease is achieved through multiple infection and treatment cycles, culminating in a substantial reduction in parasite burden. To investigate this phenomenon, we established a murine model involving repeated infection-cure cycles, whereby mice were infected with the lethal rodent malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei ANKA and subsequently treated with the anti-malarial drug pyrimethamine. Our earlier study revealed a significant decrease in the capacity of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) to produce cytokines upon stimulation in infection-cured mice. In the present study, we aimed to further elucidate the modulation of cDC functionality during repeated infection-cure cycles by examining their phagocytic capacity. Administering fluorescent beads to mice resulted in no significant difference in the total number of bead-positive cells within the spleens of both uninfected and 3-cure (three cycles of infection-cure) mice. However, the proportion of the CD11c+F4/80- population within bead-positive cells was notably higher in 3-cure mice compared to uninfected mice. Subsequent in vitro analysis of bead phagocytosis by purified CD11c+cDCs revealed that the cDC2 subset from 3-cure mice exhibited significantly enhanced phagocytic capacity in comparison to their uninfected counterparts. These findings underscore the substantial impact of repeated infection-cure cycles on various facets of cDC function, potentially influencing the trajectory of immune responses against subsequent malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiko Tamura
- School of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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17
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Thomas TA, Qiu A, Kim CY, Gordy DE, Miller A, Tredicine M, Dzieciatkowska M, Dei Zotti F, Hod EA, D'Alessandro A, Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL, Hudson KE. Reticulocytes in donor blood units enhance red blood cell alloimmunization. Haematologica 2023; 108:2639-2651. [PMID: 37078267 PMCID: PMC10543191 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although red blood cell (RBC) transfusions save lives, some patients develop clinically-significant alloantibodies against donor blood group antigens, which then have adverse effects in multiple clinical settings. Few effective measures exist to prevent RBC alloimmunization and/or eliminate alloantibodies in sensitized patients. Donor-related factors may influence alloimmunization; thus, there is an unmet clinical need to identify which RBC units are immunogenic. Repeat volunteer blood donors and donors on iron supplements have elevated reticulocyte counts compared to healthy non-donors. Early reticulocytes retain mitochondria and other components, which may act as danger signals in immune responses. Herein, we tested whether reticulocytes in donor RBC units could enhance RBC alloimmunization. Using a murine model, we demonstrate that transfusing donor RBC units with increased reticulocyte frequencies dose-dependently increased RBC alloimmunization rates and alloantibody levels. Transfusing reticulocyte-rich RBC units was associated with increased RBC clearance from the circulation and a robust proinflammatory cytokine response. As compared to previously reported post-transfusion RBC consumption patterns, erythrophagocytosis from reticulocyte-rich units was increasingly performed by splenic B cells. These data suggest that reticulocytes in a donated RBC unit impact the quality of blood transfused, are targeted to a distinct compartment, and may be an underappreciated risk factor for RBC alloimmunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Thomas
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Annie Qiu
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher Y Kim
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Dominique E Gordy
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Anabel Miller
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Maria Tredicine
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Flavia Dei Zotti
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eldad A Hod
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - James C Zimring
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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18
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Pan YR, Wu CS, Zhong YQ, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. An Atlas of Grass Carp IgM+ B Cells in Homeostasis and Bacterial Infection Helps to Reveal the Unique Heterogeneity of B Cells in Early Vertebrates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:964-980. [PMID: 37578390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Teleost B cells are primitive lymphocytes with both innate and adaptive immune functions. However, the heterogeneity and differentiation trajectory of teleost B cells remain largely unknown. In this study, the landscape of grass carp IgM+ (gcIgM+) B cells was revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. The results showed that gcIgM+ B cells mainly comprise six populations: (im)mature B cells, innate B cells, proliferating B cells, plasma cells, CD22+ cells, and CD34+ cells, among which innate B cells and proliferating B cells were uncommon B cell subsets with, to our knowledge, new characteristics. Remarkably, three functional IgMs were discovered in grass carp, and a significant percentage of gcIgM+ B cells, especially plasma cells, expressed multiple Igμ genes (Igμ1, Igμ2, and/or Igμ3). More importantly, through single-cell sorting combined with Sanger sequencing, we found that distinct VHDJH recombination patterns of Igμ genes were present in single IgM+ B cells, indicating that individual teleost B cells might produce multiple Abs by coexpressing rearranged IgM subclass genes. Moreover, the percentage of IgM1highIgM2highIgM3high plasma cells increased significantly after bacterial infection, suggesting that individual plasma cells might tend to produce multiple IgMs to resist the infection in teleost fish. In summary, to our knowledge, this study not only helps to uncover the unique heterogeneity of B cells in early vertebrates but also provided significant new evidence supporting the recently proposed "one cell-multiple Abs" paradigm, challenging the classical rule of "one cell-one Ab."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang-Song Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
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Dadelahi AS, Abushahba MFN, Ponzilacqua-Silva B, Chambers CA, Moley CR, Lacey CA, Dent AL, Skyberg JA. Interactions between B cells and T follicular regulatory cells enhance susceptibility to Brucella infection independent of the anti-Brucella humoral response. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011672. [PMID: 37721965 PMCID: PMC10538787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by facultative, intracellular Brucella spp., often results in chronic and/or lifelong infection. Therefore, Brucella must employ mechanisms to subvert adaptive immunity to cause chronic infection. B lymphocytes enhance susceptibility to infection with Brucella spp. though the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated the role of antibody secretion, B cell receptor (BCR) specificity, and B cell antigen presentation on susceptibility to B. melitensis. We report that mice unable to secrete antibody do not display altered resistance to Brucella. However, animals with B cells that are unable to recognize Brucella through their BCR are resistant to infection. In addition, B cell MHCII expression enhances susceptibility to infection in a CD4+ T cell-dependent manner, and we found that follicular B cells are sufficient to inhibit CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity against Brucella. B cells promote development of T follicular helper (TFH) and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells during Brucella infection. Inhibition of B cell and CD4+ T cell interaction via CD40L blockade enhances resistance to Brucella in a B cell dependent manner concomitant with suppression of TFH and TFR differentiation. Conversely, PD-1 blockade increases Brucella burdens in a B and CD4+ T cell dependent manner while augmenting T regulatory (TReg) and TFR responses. Intriguingly, TFR deficiency enhances resistance to Brucella via a B cell dependent, but antibody independent mechanism. Collectively, these results demonstrate B cells support TFR responses that promote susceptibility to Brucella infection independent of the antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis S. Dadelahi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mostafa F. N. Abushahba
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Bárbara Ponzilacqua-Silva
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Moley
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carolyn A. Lacey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexander L. Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jerod A. Skyberg
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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20
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DeStefano S, Josyula A, Faust M, Fertil D, Lokwani R, Ngo TB, Sadtler K. Conserved and tissue-specific immune responses to biologic scaffold implantation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553390. [PMID: 37814705 PMCID: PMC10560402 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Upon implantation into a patient, any biomaterial induces a cascade of immune responses that influences the outcome of that device. This cascade depends upon several factors, including the composition of the material itself and the location in which the material is implanted. There is still significant uncertainty around the role of different tissue microenvironments in the immune response to biomaterials and how that may alter downstream scaffold remodeling and integration. In this study, we present a study evaluating the immune response to decellularized extracellular matrix materials within the intraperitoneal cavity, the subcutaneous space, and in a traumatic skeletal muscle injury microenvironment. All different locations induced robust cellular recruitment, specifically of macrophages and eosinophils. The latter was most prominent in the subcutaneous space. Intraperitoneal implants uniquely recruited B cells that may alter downstream reactivity as adaptive immunity has been strongly implicated in the outcome of scaffold remodeling. These data suggest that the location of tissue implants should be taken together with the composition of the material itself when designing devices for downline therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina DeStefano
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Aditya Josyula
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Mondreakest Faust
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Daphna Fertil
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Ravi Lokwani
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Tran B. Ngo
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section on Immunoengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892
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21
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Sánchez-Barinas CD, Vergara-Vanegas V, Gamboa-Hernández CM, Ocampo M, Cuello-Oliveros A, Patarroyo MA, Patarroyo ME. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells' immunomodulating effect regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in macrophages. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152346. [PMID: 36805110 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most successful pathogens affecting humans, being the main cause of tuberculosis. It accounts for most infectious agent-related deaths worldwide; it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are bacillus carriers. This pathogen's evolutionary adaptation is mainly due to its ability to block a host's immune system by preventing it using an effective immune response in cases of active tuberculosis. Peptide-based synthetic vaccines represent an alternative for counteracting tuberculosis; however, although peptide antigens can be identified, they are not recognised by a host's immune system. An approach using dendritic cells as immunomodulating agents for increasing synthetic peptides' antigenic capacity has thus been advanced. Dendritic cells obtained from IL to 4- and GM-CSF-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pulsed with synthetic Mtb protein peptides which have been reported as participating in mycobacteria-host interactions; their amino acid sequences were modified to improve MHC-II coupling and thus increase their recognition by a host's immune system. pMHC-II/TCR interaction triggered a lymphocyte response which controlled Mtb intracellular growth in infected macrophages. This work has been aimed at contributing to understanding dendritic cells' role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein peptide antigen presentation, thereby increasing individuals' immune response as a means of controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sánchez-Barinas
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marisol Ocampo
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3 # 26A - 40, postcode: 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Angela Cuello-Oliveros
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel E Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
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22
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Thomas TA, Qiu A, Kim CY, Gordy DE, Miller A, Tredicine M, Dzieciatkowska M, Zotti FD, Hod EA, Dâ Alessandro A, Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL, Hudson KE. Reticulocytes in donor RBC units enhance RBC alloimmunization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525560. [PMID: 36747702 PMCID: PMC9900826 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although red blood cell (RBC) transfusions save lives, some patients develop clinically-significant alloantibodies against donor blood group antigens, which then have adverse effects in multiple clinical settings. Few effective measures exist to prevent RBC alloimmunization and/or eliminate alloantibodies in sensitized patients. Donor-related factors may influence alloimmunization; thus, there is an unmet clinical need to identify which RBC units are immunogenic. Repeat volunteer blood donors and donors on iron supplements have elevated reticulocyte counts compared to healthy non-donors. Early reticulocytes retain mitochondria and other components, which may act as danger signals in immune responses. Herein, we tested whether reticulocytes in donor RBC units could enhance RBC alloimmunization. Using a murine model, we demonstrate that transfusing donor RBC units with increased reticulocyte frequencies dose-dependently increase RBC alloimmunization rates and alloantibody levels. Transfusing reticulocyte-rich RBC units was associated with increased RBC clearance from the circulation and a robust proinflammatory cytokine response. As compared to previously reported post-transfusion RBC consumption patterns, erythrophagocytosis from reticulocyte-rich units was increasingly performed by splenic B cells. These data suggest that reticulocytes in a donated RBC unit impact the quality of blood transfused, are targeted to a distinct compartment, and may be an underappreciated risk factor for RBC alloimmunization.
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23
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Hiéronimus L, Huaux F. B-1 cells in immunotoxicology: Mechanisms underlying their response to chemicals and particles. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:960861. [PMID: 37143777 PMCID: PMC10151831 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.960861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery nearly 40 years ago, B-1 cells have continued to challenge the boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, as well as myeloid and lymphoid functions. This B-cell subset ensures early immunity in neonates before the development of conventional B (B-2) cells and respond to immune injuries throughout life. B-1 cells are multifaceted and serve as natural- and induced-antibody-producing cells, phagocytic cells, antigen-presenting cells, and anti-/pro-inflammatory cytokine-releasing cells. This review retraces the origin of B-1 cells and their different roles in homeostatic and infectious conditions before focusing on pollutants comprising contact-sensitivity-inducing chemicals, endocrine disruptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands, and reactive particles.
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24
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Zimmerman LM. Adaptive Immunity in Reptiles: Conventional Components but Unconventional Strategies. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1572-1583. [PMID: 35482599 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that the innate immune system of reptiles is broad and robust, but the question remains: What role does the reptilian adaptive immune system play? Conventionally, adaptive immunity is described as involving T and B lymphocytes that display variable receptors, is highly specific, improves over the course of the response, and produces a memory response. While reptiles do have B and T lymphocytes that utilize variable receptors, their adaptive response is relatively non-specific, generates a prolonged antibody response, and does not produce a typical memory response. This alternative adaptive strategy may allow reptiles to produce a broad adaptive response that complements a strong innate system. Further studies into reptile adaptive immunity cannot only clarify outstanding questions on the reptilian immune system but can shed light on a number of important immunological concepts, including the evolution of the immune system and adaptive immune responses that take place outside of germinal centers.
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25
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Wu L, Yang Y, Gao A, Li J, Ye J. Teleost fish IgM+ plasma-like cells possess IgM-secreting, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting capacities. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016974. [PMID: 36225937 PMCID: PMC9550268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells are terminally differentiated antibody-secreting B lymphocytes that contribute to humoral immunity by producing large numbers of antibodies. Increasing evidence suggests that teleost fish B cells share certain characteristics with mammalian B1 B cells, including antibody-secreting, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting capacities. However, the difference between mature B cells and plasma cells remains unclear. In this study, we found that, based on their light-scattering characteristics, tilapia anterior kidney (AK) leukocytes can be categorized into two IgM+ B-cell subsets: the lymphoid (L) gate and granulocyte–monocyte/macrophage (G-M) subsets. G-M gate cells are more numerous than L-gate cells and have higher mean fluorescence, but lower forward scatter and side scatter. We analyzed the morphological and ultrastructural features of sorted IgM+ cells and found that L-gate IgM+ cells have a high nucleus–cytoplasm ratio and lymphocyte-like morphology, whereas G-M gate IgM+ cells have a small nucleus, more abundant endoplasmic reticulum, and a larger number of mitochondria, and have a plasma cell-like or macrophage-like morphology. To further characterize the cell types, we examined the specific patterns of expression of B-cell- and T-cell-related genes. We found that B-cell-specific genes were expressed by both L-gate and G-M gate IgM+ cells, and that G-M gate IgM+ cells secreted extremely high levels of IgM. However, T-cell-related genes were highly expressed only in L-gate IgM– cells. These results suggest that G-M gate IgM+ cells are similar to plasma-like cells, with high antibody-secreting capacity. Given that G-M gate cells include the granulocyte, monocyte, and macrophage cell types, but not B cells, monocyte/macrophage markers were used to investigate the cell types further. A macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure was frequently observed, and macrophage-expressed gene-1 was highly expressed, in the G-M gate IgM+ cells. Phagocytic capacity, as determined by ingestion of beads or bacteria, was significantly higher in G-M gate IgM+ cells than in L-gate IgM+ cells, as was antigen-processing capacity. Our findings show that tilapia AK leukocytes can be divided into two IgM+ B-cell subsets and that G-M gate IgM+ cells resemble plasma-like cells, having high antibody-secreting, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting capacities. Thus, this study increases our understanding of the functions of teleost fish plasma-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Along Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Sainte Marie, MI, United States
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Ye,
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26
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Cao JF, Ding LG, Wang QC, Han GK, Qin DC, Cheng GF, Dong ZR, Mu QJ, Kong WG, Liu X, Yu YY, Xu Z. Conserved Role of mTORC1 Signaling in B Cell Immunity in Teleost Fish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1095-1107. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammalian studies have demonstrated that B cell immune responses are regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Teleost fish represent the oldest living bony vertebrates that contain bona fide B cells. So far, whether the regulatory mechanism of mTORC1 signaling in B cells occurred in teleost fish is still unknown. In this study, we developed a fish model by using rapamycin (RAPA) treatment to inhibit mTORC1 signaling and demonstrated the role of mTORC1 signaling in teleost B cells. In support, we found inhibition of mTORC1 signaling by RAPA decreased the phagocytic capacity, proliferation, and Ig production of B cells. Critically, Flavobacterium columnare induced specific IgM binding in serum, and these titers were significantly inhibited by RAPA treatment, thus decreasing Ab-mediated agglutination of F. columnare and significantly increasing the susceptibility of fish upon F. columnare reinfection. Collectively, our findings elucidated that the mTORC1 pathway is evolutionarily conserved in regulating B cell responses, thus providing a new point for understanding the B cells functions in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-feng Cao
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-guo Ding
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-chao Wang
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-kun Han
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Da-cheng Qin
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gao-feng Cheng
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-ran Dong
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-jiang Mu
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-guang Kong
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-yao Yu
- *Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- †State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and
- ‡Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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27
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Lynch AE, Noble LR, Jones CS, Routledge EJ. Common aquatic pollutants modify hemocyte immune responses in Biomphalaria glabrata. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839746. [PMID: 36159819 PMCID: PMC9493456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to reproductive health in wildlife species inhabiting polluted environments is often found to occur alongside compromised immunity. However, research on impacts of aquatic pollution on freshwater mollusc immune responses is limited despite their importance as vectors of disease (Schistosomiasis) in humans, cattle and wild mammals. We developed an in vitro 'tool-kit' of well-characterized quantitative immune tests using Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes. We exposed hemocytes to environmentally-relevant concentrations of common aquatic pollutants (17β-estradiol, Bisphenol-A and p,p'-DDE) and measured key innate immune responses including motility, phagocytosis and encapsulation. Additionally, we tested an extract of a typical domestic tertiary treated effluent as representative of a 'real-world' mixture of chemicals. Encapsulation responses were stimulated by p,p'-DDE at low doses but were suppressed at higher doses. Concentrations of BPA (above 200 ng/L) and p,p'-DDE (above 500 ng/L) significantly inhibited phagocytosis compared to controls, whilst hemocyte motility was reduced by all test chemicals and the effluent extract in a dose-dependent manner. All responses occurred at chemical concentrations considered to be below the cytotoxic thresholds of hemocytes. This is the first time a suite of in vitro tests has been developed specifically in B. glabrata with the purpose of investigating the impacts of chemical pollutants and an effluent extract on immunity. Our findings indicate that common aquatic pollutants alter innate immune responses in B. glabrata, suggesting that pollutants may be a critical, yet overlooked, factor impacting disease by modulating the dynamics of parasite transmission between molluscs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Lynch
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie R. Noble
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- School of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin J. Routledge
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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28
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Simón R, Martín-Martín A, Morel E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Functional and Phenotypic Characterization of B Cells in the Teleost Adipose Tissue. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868551. [PMID: 35619704 PMCID: PMC9127059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response of the adipose tissue (AT) has been neglected in most animal models until investigations in human and mice linked obesity to chronic inflammation, highlighting the immune nature of this tissue. Despite this, in teleost fish, only a few studies have addressed the immune role of the AT. These studies have mostly focused on reporting transcriptional changes in the AT in response to diverse intraperitoneally delivered stimuli. Although the presence of B cells within the AT was also previously revealed, these cells have never been phenotypically or functionally characterized and this is what we have addressed in the current study. Initially, the B cell populations present in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) AT were characterized in comparison to B cells from other sources. As occurs in other rainbow trout tissues, IgM+IgD+, IgM+IgD- and IgD+IgM- B cell subsets were identified in the AT. Interestingly, AT IgM+IgD- B cells showed a transcriptional profile that agrees with that of cells that have committed to plasmablasts/plasma cells, being this profile much more pronounced towards a differentiation state than that of blood IgM+IgD- B cells. Accordingly, the IgM-secreting capacity of AT B cells is significantly higher than that of blood B cells. Additionally, AT IgM+IgD+ B cells also showed specific phenotypic traits when compared to their counterparts in other tissues. Finally, we established how these B cell subsets responded when rainbow trout were intraperitoneally injected with a model antigen. Our results demonstrate that the AT hosts plasmablasts/plasma cells that secrete specific IgMs, as happens in the peritoneal cavity and systemic immune tissues. Although the presence of these antigen-specific IgM-secreting cells was more abundant in the peritoneal cavity, these specific differentiated B cells were detected in the AT for long time periods at levels similar to those of spleen and head kidney. Our results provide new evidence regarding the immune role of the teleost AT, indicating that it functions as a secondary lymphoid organ that promotes immunity to peritoneal antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Martín-Martín
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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McShane AN, Malinova D. The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892169. [PMID: 35572544 PMCID: PMC9097226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens induce B cell activation through the B cell receptor (BCR) which initiates downstream signaling and undergoes endocytosis. While extensive research has shed light on the signaling pathways in health and disease, the endocytic mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. Given the importance of BCR-antigen internalization for antigen presentation in initiating adaptive immune responses and its role in autoimmunity and malignancy, understanding the molecular mechanisms represents critical, and largely untapped, potential therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in our understanding of BCR endocytic mechanisms and the role of the actin cytoskeleton and post-translational modifications in regulating BCR uptake. We discuss dysregulated BCR endocytosis in the context of B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we pose several outstanding mechanistic questions which will critically advance our understanding of the coordination between BCR endocytosis and B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nathan McShane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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30
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Ma ZY, Liang JX, Li WS, Sun Y, Wu CS, Hu YZ, Li J, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. Complement C3a Enhances the Phagocytic Activity of B Cells Through C3aR in a Fish. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873982. [PMID: 35386704 PMCID: PMC8977587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the immune system of teleost fish. Besides, teleost B cells possess both phagocytic activity and adaptive humoral immune function, unlike mammalian B1 cells with phagocytic activity and B2 cells specific to adaptive humoral immunity. However, the cross talk between complement system and phagocytic B cells in teleost fish still requires elucidation. Here, we show that, unlike tetrapods with a single C3 gene, nine C3 genes were identified from the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) genome, named C3.1-C3.9. Expression analysis revealed that C3.1 is the dominant C3 molecule in grass carp, for its expression was significantly higher than that of the other C3 molecules both at the mRNA and protein levels. The C3a fragment of C3.1 (C3a.1) was determined after the conserved C3 convertase cleavage site. Structural analysis revealed that C3a.1 consists of four α-helixes, with the C-terminal region forming a long α-helix, which is the potential functional region. Interestingly, we found that the recombinant GST-C3a.1 protein and the C-terminal α-helix peptide of C3a.1 both could significantly enhance the phagocytic activity of IgM+ B cells. Further study revealed that the C3a receptor (C3aR) was highly expressed in grass carp IgM+ B cells, and the phagocytosis-stimulating activity of C3a.1 could be dramatically inhibited by the anti-C3aR antibodies, indicating that C3a.1 performed the stimulating function through C3aR on IgM+ B cells. Taken together, our study not only uncovered the novel phagocytosis-stimulating activity of C3a, but also increased our knowledge of the cross talk between complement system and phagocytic B cells in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-You Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang-Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie MI, United States
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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31
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Wang J, Wu CS, Hu YZ, Yang L, Zhang XJ, Zhang YA. Plasmablasts induced by chitosan oligosaccharide secrete natural IgM to enhance the humoral immunity in grass carp. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 281:119073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Halperin ST, ’t Hart BA, Luchicchi A, Schenk GJ. The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:606. [PMID: 35327408 PMCID: PMC8945227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), traditionally considered a chronic autoimmune attack against the insulating myelin sheaths around axons. However, the exact etiology has not been identified and is likely multi-factorial. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that implies that autoimmune processes underlying MS may, in fact, be triggered by pathological processes initiated within the CNS. This review focuses on a relatively unexplored immune cell-the "innate-like" B1 lymphocyte. The B1 cell is a primary-natural-antibody- and anti-inflammatory-cytokine-producing cell present in the healthy brain. It has been recently shown that its frequency and function may differ between MS patients and healthy controls, but its exact involvement in the MS pathogenic process remains obscure. In this review, we propose that this enigmatic cell may play a more prominent role in MS pathology than ever imagined. We aim to shed light on the human B1 cell in health and disease, and how dysregulation in its delicate homeostatic role could impact MS. Furthermore, novel therapeutic avenues to restore B1 cells' beneficial functions will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Luchicchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.T.H.); (B.A.’t.H.)
| | - Geert J. Schenk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.T.H.); (B.A.’t.H.)
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33
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Minton AR, Smith LD, Bryant DJ, Strefford JC, Forconi F, Stevenson FK, Tumbarello DA, James E, Løset GÅ, Munthe LA, Steele AJ, Packham G. B-cell receptor dependent phagocytosis and presentation of particulate antigen by chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:37-49. [PMID: 35309250 PMCID: PMC7612515 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim T-helper cells could play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a common B-cell neoplasm. Although CLL cells can present soluble antigens targeted from the B-cell receptor to T-helper cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, antigens recognized by some CLL cells may be encountered in a particulate form. Here the ability of CLL cells to internalize and present anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) beads as a model for the interaction of CLL cells with particulate antigens was investigated. Methods The effect of anti-IgM beads on antigen presentation pathways was analyzed using RNA-seq and internalization of anti-IgM beads by primary CLL cells was investigated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Antigen presentation was investigated by analyzing activation of a T-cell line expressing a T-cell receptor specific for a peptide derived from mouse κ light chains after incubating CLL cells with a mouse κ light chain-containing anti-IgM monoclonal antibody. Kinase inhibitors were used to characterize the pathways mediating internalization and antigen presentation. Results Stimulation of surface IgM of CLL cells increased expression of the antigen presentation machinery and CLL cells were able to phagocytose anti-IgM beads. Internalization of anti-IgM beads was associated with MHC class II-restricted activation of cognate T-helper cells. Antigen presentation by CLL cells was dependent on activity of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) but was unaffected by inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Conclusions CLL cells can internalize and present antigen from anti-IgM beads. This capacity of CLL cells may be particularly important for recruitment of T-cell help in vivo in response to particulate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel R. Minton
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Lindsay D. Smith
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
- Current address: Ploughshare Innovations Limited, Porton Science Park, Porton Down, SP4 0BF Wiltshire, UK
| | - Dean J. Bryant
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Strefford
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Freda K. Stevenson
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - David A. Tumbarello
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Edd James
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | | | - Ludvig A. Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew J. Steele
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
- Current address: Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Ambler, PA 19477, USA
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
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Li L, Gao A, Chen J, Lei Y, Wu L, Ye J. Identification and characterization of CD5 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104301. [PMID: 34688690 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CD5 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein acting as a pleiotropic functional receptor in the mammalian immune response system, mainly presents on the surface of cells associated with the immune system, and is essential for the classification of B cells. In this study, we identify a CD5 homologue in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The open reading frame of OnCD5 is 507 bp, encoding 168 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a signal peptide region, a transmembrane region and a conserved portion of the cytoplasmic region. Expression analysis indicates that the OnCD5 exhibits constitutive expression in the tested tissues, with the highest expression in thymus. Analysis of the OnCD5 transcription in the classified IgM+ and IgM- lymphocytes from anterior kidney, spleen and peripheral blood, and IgMlo and IgMhi lymphocytes from peripheral blood, indicates that the OnCD5 is highly expressed in the IgM + lymphocytes, especially in the IgMhi B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the OnCD5 expression is up-regulated significantly in anterior kidney and spleen following challenges of Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in vivo and in vitro, likewise in IgM+ B lymphocytes sorted from peripheral blood upon stimulation with LPS. Further, the recombinant OnCD5 protein has the bacteria-binding activity. Taken together, these results reveal that OnCD5 participates in host's defense during pathogen infection, and may play an important role in tilapia B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Along Gao
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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35
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Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against A. salmonicida: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in Oncorhynchus mykiss. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020174. [PMID: 35205041 PMCID: PMC8869240 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased levels during winter. In this study, the cellular immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kept under constant photoperiod and water temperature against intraperitoneally injected Aeromonas salmonicida during the summer and winter were investigated. The kinetics of different leukocyte subpopulations from peritoneal cavity, spleen, and head kidney in response to the bacteria was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the kinetics of induced A. salmonicida-specific antibodies was evaluated by ELISA. Despite maintaining the photoperiod and water temperature as constant, different cell baselines were detected in all organs analyzed. During the winter months, B- and T-cell responses were decreased, contrary to what was observed during summer months. However, the specific antibody titers were similar between the two seasons. Natural antibodies, however, were greatly increased 12 h post-injection only during the wintertime. Altogether, our results suggest a bias toward innate immune responses and potential lymphoid immunosuppression in the wintertime in trout. These seasonal differences, despite photoperiod and water temperature being kept constant, suggest an internal inter-seasonal or circannual clock controlling the immune system and physiology of this teleost fish.
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Wu L, Li L, Gao A, Ye J, Li J. Antimicrobial roles of phagocytosis in teleost fish: Phagocytic B cells vs professional phagocytes. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Update on B Cell Response in Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:175-193. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Martín D, Perdiguero P, Morel E, Soleto I, Herranz-Jusdado JG, Ramón LA, Abós B, Wang T, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. CD38 Defines a Subset of B Cells in Rainbow Trout Kidney With High IgM Secreting Capacities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:773888. [PMID: 34917087 PMCID: PMC8669677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional molecule that functions both as a transmembrane signaling receptor and as an ectoenzyme with important roles in cell adhesion, calcium regulation and signal transduction. Within the B cell linage, CD38 is expressed in diverse murine B cell subsets, with highest levels in innate B cell subpopulations such as marginal zone (MZ) B cells or B1 cells. In humans, however, CD38 is transiently expressed on early lymphocyte precursors, is lost on mature B cells and is consistently expressed on terminally differentiated plasma cells. In the present work, we have identified two homologues of mammalian CD38 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), designating them as CD38A and CD38B. Although constitutively transcribed throughout different tissues in homeostasis, both CD38A and CD38B mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in head kidney (HK) in response to a viral infection. In this organ, after the generation of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD38A, the presence of CD38A+ populations among IgM+ B cells and IgM- leukocytes was investigated by flow cytometry. Interestingly, the percentage of IgM+CD38A+ B cells increased in response to an in vitro stimulation with inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida. Finally, we demonstrated that HK IgM+CD38A+ B cells had an increased IgM secreting capacity than that of cells lacking CD38A on the cell surface, also showing increased transcription levels of genes associated with B cell differentiation. This study strongly suggests a role for CD38 on the B cell differentiation process in teleosts, and provides us with novel tools to discern between B cell subsets in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martín
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Soleto
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J German Herranz-Jusdado
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Ramón
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Souza SP, Splitt SD, Sànchez-Arcila JC, Alvarez JA, Wilson JN, Wizzard S, Luo Z, Baumgarth N, Jensen KDC. Genetic mapping reveals Nfkbid as a central regulator of humoral immunity to Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010081. [PMID: 34871323 PMCID: PMC8675933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity to parasitic infections has been difficult to elicit by vaccines. Among parasites that evade vaccine-induced immunity is Toxoplasma gondii, which causes lethal secondary infections in chronically infected mice. Here we report that unlike susceptible C57BL/6J mice, A/J mice were highly resistant to secondary infection. To identify correlates of immunity, we utilized forward genetics to identify Nfkbid, a nuclear regulator of NF-κB that is required for B cell activation and B-1 cell development. Nfkbid-null mice (“bumble”) did not generate parasite-specific IgM and lacked robust parasite-specific IgG, which correlated with defects in B-2 cell maturation and class-switch recombination. Though high-affinity antibodies were B-2 derived, transfer of B-1 cells partially rescued the immunity defects observed in bumble mice and were required for 100% vaccine efficacy in bone marrow chimeric mice. Immunity in resistant mice correlated with robust isotype class-switching in both B cell lineages, which can be fine-tuned by Nfkbid gene expression. We propose a model whereby humoral immunity to T. gondii is regulated by Nfkbid and requires B-1 and B-2 cells for full protection. Eukaryotic parasitic diseases account for approximately one fifth of all childhood deaths, yet no highly protective vaccine exists for any human parasite. More research must be done to discover how to elicit protective vaccine-induced immunity to parasitic pathogens. We used an unbiased genetic screen to find key genes responsible for immunity to the eukaryotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Our screen found Nfkbid, a transcription factor regulator, which controls B cell activation and innate-like B-1 cell development. Mice without Nfkbid were not protected against T. gondii and were deficient at making antibodies against the parasite. Our survival studies of vaccinated mice with and without B-1 compartments found that B-1 cells improved survival, suggesting that B-1 cells act in conjunction with B-2 cells to provide vaccine-induced immunity. Nfkbid and other loci identified in our unbiased screen represent potential targets for vaccines to elicit protective immune responses against parasitic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. Souza
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Samantha D. Splitt
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Sànchez-Arcila
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Julia A. Alvarez
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica N. Wilson
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Safuwra Wizzard
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Zheng Luo
- Center for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kirk D. C. Jensen
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Cordyceps militaris Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212188. [PMID: 34830071 PMCID: PMC8624516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the phagocytosis of immune cells with medicines provides benefits to the physiological balance by removing foreign pathogens and apoptotic cells. The fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) possessing various immunopotentiation functions may be a good candidate for such drugs. However, the effect and mechanism of FIP on the phagocytic activity is limitedly investigated. Therefore, the present study determined effects of Cordyceps militaris immunomodulatory protein (CMIMP), a novel FIP reported to induce cytokines secretion, on the phagocytosis using three different types of models, including microsphere, Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans. CMIMP not only significantly improved the phagocytic ability (p < 0.05), but also enhanced the bactericidal activity (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the cell size, especially the cytoplasm size, was markedly increased by CMIMP (p < 0.01), accompanied by an increase in the F-actin expression (p < 0.001). Further experiments displayed that CMIMP-induced phagocytosis, cell size and F-actin expression were alleviated by the specific inhibitor of TLR4 (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the treatment with the inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it could be speculated that CMIMP promoted the phagocytic ability of macrophages through increasing F-actin expression and cell size in a TLR4-NF-κB pathway dependent way.
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Ramayo-Caldas Y, Zingaretti LM, Pérez-Pascual D, Alexandre PA, Reverter A, Dalmau A, Quintanilla R, Ballester M. Leveraging host-genetics and gut microbiota to determine immunocompetence in pigs. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:74. [PMID: 34689834 PMCID: PMC8543910 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota influences host performance playing a relevant role in homeostasis and function of the immune system. The aim of the present work was to identify microbial signatures linked to immunity traits and to characterize the contribution of host-genome and gut microbiota to the immunocompetence in healthy pigs. RESULTS To achieve this goal, we undertook a combination of network, mixed model and microbial-wide association studies (MWAS) for 21 immunity traits and the relative abundance of gut bacterial communities in 389 pigs genotyped for 70K SNPs. The heritability (h2; proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the host genetics) and microbiability (m2; proportion of variance explained by the microbial composition) showed similar values for most of the analyzed immunity traits, except for both IgM and IgG in plasma that was dominated by the host genetics, and the haptoglobin in serum which was the trait with larger m2 (0.275) compared to h2 (0.138). Results from the MWAS suggested a polymicrobial nature of the immunocompetence in pigs and revealed associations between pigs gut microbiota composition and 15 of the analyzed traits. The lymphocytes phagocytic capacity (quantified as mean fluorescence) and the total number of monocytes in blood were the traits associated with the largest number of taxa (6 taxa). Among the associations identified by MWAS, 30% were confirmed by an information theory network approach. The strongest confirmed associations were between Fibrobacter and phagocytic capacity of lymphocytes (r = 0.37), followed by correlations between Streptococcus and the percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes (r = -0.34) and between Megasphaera and serum concentration of haptoglobin (r = 0.26). In the interaction network, Streptococcus and percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes were the keystone bacterial and immune-trait, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings reveal an important connection between gut microbiota composition and immunity traits in pigs, and highlight the need to consider both sources of information, host genome and microbial levels, to accurately characterize immunocompetence in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura M. Zingaretti
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Pascual
- Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Antoni Dalmau
- Animal Welfare Subprogram, IRTA, 17121 Monells, Girona Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
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de Mol J, Kuiper J, Tsiantoulas D, Foks AC. The Dynamics of B Cell Aging in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733566. [PMID: 34675924 PMCID: PMC8524000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered to be an important risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. B cells play a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases by antibody secretion, antigen presentation and T cell regulation. Different B cell subsets have been implicated in infections and multiple autoimmune diseases. Since aging decreases B cell numbers, affects B cell subsets and impairs antibody responses, the aged B cell is expected to have major impacts on the development and progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of B cells in health and disease settings, such as atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, we provide an overview of age-related changes in B cell development and function with respect to their impact in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Chuah JJM, Hertzog PJ, Campbell NK. Immunoregulation by type I interferons in the peritoneal cavity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:337-353. [PMID: 34612523 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0821-147r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity, a fluid-containing potential space surrounding the abdominal and pelvic organs, is home to a rich network of immune cells that maintain tissue homeostasis and provide protection against infection. However, under pathological conditions such as peritonitis, endometriosis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis, the peritoneal immune system can become dysregulated, resulting in nonresolving inflammation and disease progression. An enhanced understanding of the factors that regulate peritoneal immune cells under both homeostatic conditions and in disease contexts is therefore required to identify new treatment strategies for these often life-limiting peritoneal pathologies. Type I interferons (T1IFNs) are a family of cytokines with broad immunoregulatory functions, which provide defense against viruses, bacteria, and cancer. There have been numerous reports of immunoregulation by T1IFNs within the peritoneal cavity, which can contribute to both the resolution or propagation of peritoneal disease states, depending on the specifics of the disease setting and local environment. In this review, we provide an overview of the major immune cell populations that reside in the peritoneal cavity (or infiltrate it under inflammatory conditions) and highlight their contribution to the initiation, progression, or resolution of peritoneal diseases. Additionally, we will discuss the role of T1IFNs in the regulation of peritoneal immune cells, and summarize the results of laboratory studies and clinical trials which have investigated T1IFNs in peritonitis/sepsis, endometriosis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine J M Chuah
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole K Campbell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Simón R, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. The Ancient Cytokine BAFF- and APRIL-like Molecule Regulates the Functionality of Teleost IgM + B Cells Similarly to BAFF and APRIL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1765-1775. [PMID: 33762323 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members, such as BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), emerged in vertebrates as key regulators of B cell homeostasis and activation. Many cartilaginous and teleost fish contain an additional gene, designated as BAFF- and APRIL-like molecule (BALM), of unknown function and lost in tetrapods. In this study, we have performed a wide characterization of the functions of BALM on naive B cells for the first time, to our knowledge, in teleosts using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model. Similar to BAFF and APRIL, BALM increased the survival and promoted the proliferation of peripheral blood IgM+ B cells and cooperated with BCR cross-linking to increase the proliferation rate of IgM+ B cells. BALM also seemed to be a differentiating factor for trout IgM+ B cells, as it increased IgM secretion and increased cell size. Additionally, BALM appeared to increase the Ag-presenting properties of IgM+ B cells, augmenting MHC class II surface expression and upregulating the phagocytic capacity of these cells. Finally, the fact that there was no synergy between BALM and BAFF/APRIL in any of these functions strongly suggests that BALM signals through the same receptors as BAFF and APRIL to carry out its functions. This hypothesis was further supported in competitive BALM binding assays. The results presented provide relevant information for understanding how these TNFSF members cooperate in teleost fish to regulate B cell functionality, helping us to interpret the evolutionary relations between molecules of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Simón
- Animal Health Research Center, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Valdeolmos 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Animal Health Research Center, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Valdeolmos 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Animal Health Research Center, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Valdeolmos 28130, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Zimmerman LM. The reptilian perspective on vertebrate immunity: 10 years of progress. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/21/jeb214171. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.214171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Ten years ago, ‘Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective’ was published. At the time, our understanding of the reptilian immune system lagged behind that of birds, mammals, fish and amphibians. Since then, great progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of reptilian immunity. Here, I review recent discoveries associated with the recognition of pathogens, effector mechanisms and memory responses in reptiles. Moreover, I put forward key questions to drive the next 10 years of research, including how reptiles are able to balance robust innate mechanisms with avoiding self-damage, how B cells and antibodies are used in immune defense and whether innate mechanisms can display the hallmarks of memory. Finally, I briefly discuss the links between our mechanistic understanding of the reptilian immune system and the field of eco-immunology. Overall, the field of reptile immunology is poised to contribute greatly to our understanding of vertebrate immunity in the next 10 years.
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46
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Genetic parameters and associated genomic regions for global immunocompetence and other health-related traits in pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18462. [PMID: 33116177 PMCID: PMC7595139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of health-related traits, or functionally associated genetic markers, in pig breeding programs could contribute to produce more robust and disease resistant animals. The aim of the present work was to study the genetic determinism and genomic regions associated to global immunocompetence and health in a Duroc pig population. For this purpose, a set of 30 health-related traits covering immune (mainly innate), haematological, and stress parameters were measured in 432 healthy Duroc piglets aged 8 weeks. Moderate to high heritabilities were obtained for most traits and significant genetic correlations among them were observed. A genome wide association study pointed out 31 significantly associated SNPs at whole-genome level, located in six chromosomal regions on pig chromosomes SSC4, SSC6, SSC17 and SSCX, for IgG, γδ T-cells, C-reactive protein, lymphocytes phagocytic capacity, total number of lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. A total of 16 promising functionally-related candidate genes, including CRP, NFATC2, PRDX1, SLA, ST3GAL1, and VPS4A, have been proposed to explain the variation of immune and haematological traits. Our results enhance the knowledge of the genetic control of traits related with immunity and support the possibility of applying effective selection programs to improve immunocompetence in pigs.
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Grasseau A, Boudigou M, Le Pottier L, Chriti N, Cornec D, Pers JO, Renaudineau Y, Hillion S. Innate B Cells: the Archetype of Protective Immune Cells. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:92-106. [PMID: 31183788 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The innate B cell (IBC) population is heterogeneous and involved in the primary immune response. IBC functions include a high ability to produce natural antibodies with IgM isotype, the elimination of apoptotic cells, and a capacity to be cognate help to T cells. Among IBC subsets, B-1 cells and marginal zone B cells are the main producers of IgM, act as rapid immune responders that may relocate to follicular lymphoid and differentiate to cytokine and antibody-secreting cells shortly after infection. IBCs functions are highly dependent on their localization site and the nature of their B cell receptor repertoire, suggesting a high plasticity range of different immune responses. In this review, we will describe the nature and functions of the different innate-like B cell subsets, first in mice and then in humans. Besides this, we will emphasize the strong ability of these cells to undertake different protective functions from the first line of defense against pathogens to the regulatory role of the broader immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Grasseau
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France
| | - Marina Boudigou
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France
| | - Laëtitia Le Pottier
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France
| | - Nedra Chriti
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Hillion
- UMR1227, Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité, Université de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest, BP824, F29609, Brest, France. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Brest, Brest, France.
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48
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Jenberie S, Peñaranda MMD, Thim HL, Styrvold MB, Strandskog G, Jørgensen JB, Jensen I. Salmonid Alphavirus Subtype 3 Induces Prolonged Local B Cell Responses in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) After Intraperitoneal Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1682. [PMID: 33013821 PMCID: PMC7511533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell responses are a crucial part of the adaptive immune response to viral infection. Infection by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) causes pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and is a serious concern to the aquaculture industry. In this study, we have used intraperitoneal (IP) infection with SAV3 as a model to characterize local B cell responses in the peritoneal cavity (PerC) and systemic immune tissues (head kidney/spleen). Intraperitoneal administration of vaccines is common in Atlantic salmon and understanding more about the local PerC B cell response is fundamental. Intraperitoneal SAV3 infection clearly induced PerC B cell responses as assessed by increased frequency of IgM+ B cells and total IgM secreting cells (ASC). These PerC responses were prolonged up to nine weeks post-infection and positively correlated to the anti-SAV3 E2 and to neutralizing antibody responses in serum. For the systemic immune sites, virus-induced changes in B cell responses were more modest or decreased compared to controls in the same period. Collectively, data reported herein indicated that PerC could serve as a peripheral immunological site by providing a niche for prolonged maintenance of the ASC response in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiferaw Jenberie
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ma Michelle D Peñaranda
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanna L Thim
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten Bay Styrvold
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guro Strandskog
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Liu M, Silva-Sanchez A, Randall TD, Meza-Perez S. Specialized immune responses in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:717-729. [PMID: 32881077 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mir0720-271rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity is a fluid filled space that holds most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue that contains milky spots or clusters of leukocytes that are organized similar to those in conventional lymphoid tissues. A unique assortment of leukocytes patrol the peritoneal cavity and migrate in and out of the milky spots, where they encounter Ags or pathogens from the peritoneal fluid and respond accordingly. The principal role of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity is to preserve tissue homeostasis and secure tissue repair. However, when peritoneal homeostasis is disturbed by inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumor metastasis, specialized fibroblastic stromal cells and mesothelial cells in the omentum regulate the recruitment of peritoneal leukocytes and steer their activation in unique ways. In this review, the types of cells that reside in the peritoneal cavity, the role of the omentum in their maintenance and activation, and how these processes function in response to pathogens and malignancy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aaron Silva-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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50
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Ni LY, Chen HP, Han R, Luo XC, Li AX, Li JZ, Dan XM, Li YW. Distribution of Mpeg1 + cells in healthy grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and after Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:222-227. [PMID: 32531332 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans is an extremely harmful ciliated obligate parasite that is responsible for large economic losses in aquaculture. C. irritans infection can cause an insect-resistant immune response in fish, and many immune cells can be observed in the local infection site. However, it is unclear whether macrophages are involved in the host defense against C. irritans infection. The Mpeg1 protein can form pores and destroy the cell membrane of invading pathogens, and is also used as a macrophage-specific marker in mammals. Therefore, a polyclonal antibody against grouper recombinant Mpeg1a was produced to mark macrophages in this study, which could recognize both isoforms of Mpeg1 (Mpeg1a/b). Immunofluorescence revealed that EcMpeg1 positive cells were mostly distributed in the head kidney and spleen in healthy grouper. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that the number of EcMpeg1 positive cells increased in the gills after infection with C. irritans, implying that EcMpeg1 positive cells may be involved in the process of grouper resistance against C. irritans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yun Ni
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong-Ping Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rui Han
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia-Zhou Li
- Zhanjiang Ocean Sciences and Technologies Research Co. LTD, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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