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Anggelia MR, Cheng HY, Chuang WY, Hsieh YH, Wang AYL, Lin CH, Wei FC, Brandacher G, Lin CH. Unraveling the Crucial Roles of FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Vascularized Composite Allograft Tolerance Induction and Maintenance. Transplantation 2021; 105:1238-1249. [PMID: 33141809 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in tolerance induction of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) remains unclear. This study was designed to examine characteristics of Treg after VCA and their capacity to rescue allografts from rejection. METHODS Osteomyocutaneous allografts were transplanted from Balb/c to C57BL/6 mice. All mice received costimulatory blockade and a short course of rapamycin. To elucidate the role of Treg for tolerance induction, Treg depletion was performed at postoperative day (POD) 0, 30, or 90. To assess capacity of Treg to rescue allografts from rejection, an injection of 2 × 106 Treg isolated from tolerant mice was applied. RESULTS Eighty percent of VCA recipient mice using costimulatory blockade and rapamycin regimen developed tolerance. The tolerant recipients had a higher ratio of circulating Treg to effector T cells and elevated interleukin-10 at POD 30. A significantly higher rejection rate was observed when Treg were depleted at POD 30. But Treg depletion at POD 90 had no effect on tolerance. Treg from tolerant recipients showed stronger suppressive potential and the ability to rescue allografts from rejection. Furthermore, transplanted Treg-containing skin grafts from tolerant mice delayed rejection elicited by adoptively transferred effector T cells to Rag2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Treg are crucial for inducing VCA tolerance in the early posttransplant phase, and allograft-residing Treg may maintain tolerance. Treg may, therefore, serve as a potential cellular therapeutic to improve VCA outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yun Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Huan Hsieh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Aline Yen Ling Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Gueishan, Taiwan
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Li L, Shirkey MW, Zhang T, Xiong Y, Piao W, Saxena V, Paluskievicz C, Lee Y, Toney N, Cerel BM, Li Q, Simon T, Smith KD, Hippen KL, Blazar BR, Abdi R, Bromberg JS. The lymph node stromal laminin α5 shapes alloimmunity. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2602-2619. [PMID: 32017712 PMCID: PMC7190966 DOI: 10.1172/jci135099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) regulate immunity through constructing lymphocyte niches. LNSC-produced laminin α5 (Lama5) regulates CD4+ T cells but the underlying mechanisms of its functions are poorly understood. Here we show that depleting Lama5 in LNSCs resulted in decreased Lama5 protein in the LN cortical ridge (CR) and around high endothelial venules (HEVs). Lama5 depletion affected LN structure with increased HEVs, upregulated chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules, and led to greater numbers of Tregs in the T cell zone. Mouse and human T cell transendothelial migration and T cell entry into LNs were suppressed by Lama5 through the receptors α6 integrin and α-dystroglycan. During immune responses and allograft transplantation, depleting Lama5 promoted antigen-specific CD4+ T cell entry into the CR through HEVs, suppressed T cell activation, and altered T cell differentiation to suppressive regulatory phenotypes. Enhanced allograft acceptance resulted from depleting Lama5 or blockade of T cell Lama5 receptors. Lama5 and Lama4/Lama5 ratios in allografts were associated with the rejection severity. Overall, our results demonstrated that stromal Lama5 regulated immune responses through altering LN structures and T cell behaviors. This study delineated a stromal Lama5-T cell receptor axis that can be targeted for immune tolerance modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marina W. Shirkey
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yanbao Xiong
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenji Piao
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M. Cerel
- Department of Surgery, and
- Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Kyle D. Smith
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keli L. Hippen
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Eckert N, Permanyer M, Yu K, Werth K, Förster R. Chemokines and other mediators in the development and functional organization of lymph nodes. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:62-83. [PMID: 30977201 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes (LNs) are the main inductive sites for adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes are constantly entering LNs, scanning the environment for their cognate antigen and get replenished by incoming cells after a certain period of time. As only a minor percentage of lymphocytes recognizes cognate antigen, this mechanism of permanent recirculation ensures fast and effective immune responses when necessary. Thus, homing, positioning, and activation as well as egress require precise regulation within LNs. In this review we discuss the mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and others that are involved in the formation of the LN anlage and subsequent functional organization of LNs. We highlight very recent findings in the fields of LN development, steady-state migration in LNs, and the intranodal processes during an adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Eckert
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Werth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Toyama M, Kudo D, Aoyagi T, Miyasaka T, Ishii K, Kanno E, Kaku M, Kushimoto S, Kawakami K. Attenuated accumulation of regulatory T cells and reduced production of interleukin 10 lead to the exacerbation of tissue injury in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:111-123. [PMID: 29266409 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pathological condition that involves diffuse lung injury and severe hypoxemia caused by pulmonary and systemic diseases. We have established a mouse model of severe ARDS, developed by intratracheal injection of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an activator of natural killer T (NKT) cells, followed by LPS. In the present study, we used this model to investigate the regulatory mechanism in the early inflammatory response during acute lung injury. In α-GalCer/LPS-treated mice, the number of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the expression of a Treg cell-tropic chemokine, secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC), in the lungs was significantly lower than in mice treated with LPS alone. Giving recombinant (r)SLC increased the number of Treg cells in α-GalCer/LPS-treated mice. Treatment with anti-IFN-γ mAb enhanced the expression of SLC and the accumulation of Treg cells in the lungs of α-GalCer/LPS-treated mice, whereas giving recombinant (r)IFN-γ reduced the number of Treg cells in mice treated with LPS alone. IL-10 production was significantly lower in α-GalCer/LPS-treated mice than in mice treated with LPS alone. Giving rIL-10 prolonged survival and attenuated lung injury as a result of reduced production of inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and chemokines (including MCP-1, RANTES, IP-10, Mig, MIP-2, and KC) in α-GalCer/LPS-treated mice. Treatment with anti-IFN-γ mAb enhanced IL-10 production in α-GalCer/LPS-treated mice. These results suggest that the attenuated accumulation of Treg cells may be involved in the development of severe ARDS through a reduction in the synthesis of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Toyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kushimoto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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5
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Kim HM, Lee BR, Lee ES, Kwon MH, Huh JH, Kwon BE, Park EK, Chang SY, Kweon MN, Kim PH, Ko HJ, Chung CH. iNKT cells prevent obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in mice in a C-C chemokine receptor 7-dependent manner. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:270-279. [PMID: 28811651 PMCID: PMC5803573 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are characterized by an increase in hepatic triglyceride content with infiltration of immune cells, which can cause steatohepatitis and hepatic insulin resistance. C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is primarily expressed in immune cells, and CCR7 deficiency leads to the development of multi-organ autoimmunity, chronic renal disease and autoimmune diabetes. Here, we investigated the effect of CCR7 on hepatic steatosis in a mouse model and its underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that body and liver weights were higher in the CCR7−/− mice than in the wild-type (WT) mice when they were fed a high-fat diet. Further, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were markedly diminished in CCR7−/− mice. The number of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells was reduced in the livers of the CCR7−/− mice. Moreover, liver inflammation was detected in obese CCR7−/− mice, which was ameliorated by the adoptive transfer of hepatic mononuclear cells from WT mice, but not through the transfer of hepatic mononuclear cells from CD1d−/− or interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10−/−) mice. Overall, these results suggest that CCR7+ mononuclear cells in the liver could regulate obesity-induced hepatic steatosis via induction of IL-10-expressing iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kim
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - B R Lee
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - E S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - M H Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - J H Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - B-E Kwon
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - E-K Park
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S-Y Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - M-N Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - P-H Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - H-J Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - C H Chung
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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6
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Effector and Regulatory T Cell Trafficking in Corneal Allograft Rejection. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8670280. [PMID: 28539707 PMCID: PMC5429952 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8670280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is among the most prevalent and successful forms of solid tissue transplantation in humans. Failure of corneal allograft is mainly due to immune-mediated destruction of the graft, a complex and highly coordinated process that involves elaborate interactions between cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The migration of immune cells to regional lymphoid tissues and to the site of graft plays a central role in the immunopathogenesis of graft rejection. Intricate interactions between adhesion molecules and their counter receptors on immune cells in conjunction with tissue-specific chemokines guide the trafficking of these cells to the draining lymph nodes and ultimately to the site of graft. In this review, we discuss the cascade of chemokines and adhesion molecules that mediate the trafficking of effector and regulatory T cells during corneal allograft rejection.
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7
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Gregor CE, Foeng J, Comerford I, McColl SR. Chemokine-Driven CD4 + T Cell Homing: New Concepts and Recent Advances. Adv Immunol 2017; 135:119-181. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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McNamee EN, Rivera-Nieves J. Ectopic Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Protective or Provocateur? Front Immunol 2016; 7:308. [PMID: 27579025 PMCID: PMC4985530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organized lymphoid tissues like the thymus first appeared in jawed vertebrates around 500 million years ago and have evolved to equip the host with a network of specialized sites, strategically located to orchestrate strict immune-surveillance and efficient immune responses autonomously. The gut-associated lymphoid tissues maintain a mostly tolerant environment to dampen our responses to daily dietary and microbial products in the intestine. However, when this homeostasis is perturbed by chronic inflammation, the intestine is able to develop florid organized tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLT), which heralds the onset of regional immune dysregulation. While TLT are a pathologic hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD), their role in the overall process remains largely enigmatic. A critical question remains; are intestinal TLT generated by the immune infiltrated intestine to modulate immune responses and rebuild tolerance to the microbiota or are they playing a more sinister role by generating dysregulated responses that perpetuate disease? Herein, we discuss the main theories of intestinal TLT neogenesis and focus on the most recent findings that open new perspectives to their role in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eóin N McNamee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Jesús Rivera-Nieves
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, San Diego VAMC, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA
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Liu T, Cong M, Sun G, Wang P, Tian Y, Shi W, Li X, You H, Zhang D. Combination of double negative T cells and anti-thymocyte serum reverses type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. J Transl Med 2016; 14:57. [PMID: 26911290 PMCID: PMC4765041 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Double-negative (DN) T cells could delay the onset and the progression of autoimmune diabetes, yet they were less efficient on reversing autoimmune diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of DN T cells and anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) could reverse new-onset diabetes in NOD mice. Methods The regulation of different subsets of T cells in vitro and in vivo by ATS and DN T cells were examined using flow cytometry. At the day of diabetes onset, ATS was administered on the same day and 2 days later, and DN T cells were transferred at day 7. The reversion of diabetes was assessed by monitoring blood glucose levels. Results The efficacy of inhibition of DN T cells on CD8+ T cells was lower than that on CD4+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. ATS resulted in a significant depletion of CD8+ T cells, while DN T cells were less sensitive to ATS depletion. 80 % diabetic NOD mice achieved long term (6 months) reversion of diabetes by combined ATS and DN T cells treatment, compared to 16 % in ATS single treatment and none in DN T cell single treatment. DN T cells preferentially resided in spleen and pancreatic draining lymph nodes in ATS plus DN T cells treated NOD mice. Conclusions DN T cells plus ATS therapy show promising reversion effects on diabetic NOD mice due to a shift of balance from a destructive T cell response to one that favors DN T cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Cong
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yue Tian
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Shi
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinmin Li
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong You
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
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10
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Bielecki B, Jatczak-Pawlik I, Wolinski P, Bednarek A, Glabinski A. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Expression of CCL19, CCL21 and Their Receptor CCR7 in Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:367-76. [PMID: 25957582 PMCID: PMC4572056 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that inflammatory chemokines play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recently, the involvement of homeostatic (or lymphoid) chemokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has become an object of intensive study. In this work, quantitative analysis of CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 expression in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in inflammatory mononuclear cells isolated from several organs during the first attack, remission and the second attack of chronic-relapsing EAE (ChREAE), was performed. Using real-time PCR, RNAse Protection Assay and immunohistochemistry, the expression of both chemokines, as well as of their common receptor CCR7, was analyzed in the brain, spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Increased expression of CCL19 and CCL21 was observed mostly in mononuclear inflammatory cells isolated from the CNS during active ChREAE. At the same time the expression of CCR7 in blood mononuclear leukocytes was reduced. This observation extends our current knowledge about the possible role of chemokines CCL19, CCL21 and their receptor CCR7 in the pathogenesis of ChREAE and, by extension, MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bielecki
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, 80 General Leclerc st., 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
| | | | - Pawel Wolinski
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Glabinski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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11
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Ueha S, Yokochi S, Ishiwata Y, Ogiwara H, Chand K, Nakajima T, Hachiga K, Shichino S, Terashima Y, Toda E, Shand FHW, Kakimi K, Ito S, Matsushima K. Robust Antitumor Effects of Combined Anti-CD4-Depleting Antibody and Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Antibody Treatment in Mice. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:631-40. [PMID: 25711759 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of CD4(+) cells in tumor-bearing mice has strong antitumor effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects and the therapeutic benefits of CD4(+) cell depletion relative to other immunotherapies have not been fully evaluated. Here, we investigated the antitumor effects of an anti-CD4-depleting mAb as a monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint mAbs. In B16F10, Colon 26, or Lewis lung carcinoma subcutaneous tumor models, administration of the anti-CD4 mAb alone had strong antitumor effects that were superior to those elicited by CD25(+) Treg depletion or other immune checkpoint mAbs, and which were completely reversed by CD8(+) cell depletion. CD4(+) cell depletion led to the proliferation of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells in the draining lymph node and increased infiltration of PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells into the tumor, with a shift toward type I immunity within the tumor. Combination treatment with the anti-CD4 mAb and immune checkpoint mAbs, particularly anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAbs, synergistically suppressed tumor growth and greatly prolonged survival. To our knowledge, this work represents the first report of robust synergy between anti-CD4 and anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 mAb therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ueha
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yokochi
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. IDAC Theranostics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Ishiwata
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. IDAC Theranostics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haru Ogiwara
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krishant Chand
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hachiga
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. IDAC Theranostics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Terashima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Toda
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis H W Shand
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. IDAC Theranostics, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Chen L, Ma H, Hu H, Gao L, Wang X, Ma J, Gao Q, Liu B, Zhou G, Liang C. Special role of Foxp3 for the specifically altered microRNAs in Regulatory T cells of HCC patients. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:489. [PMID: 25000974 PMCID: PMC4099493 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit functional abnormalities in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The microRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as the key modulators in Tregs. This study was to explore whether the expression profiles of miRNAs of Tregs were different in HCC-activated Tregs and whether Foxp3 had special effects on them. Methods We isolated HCC-activated Tregs from mice bearing HCC and compared the expression profiles of miRNAs between HCC-activated Tregs and control Tregs by microarray. RNA interference against Foxp3 was also performed through transfection of synthetic siRNAs to Tregs for analyzing the effect of Foxp3 on the expression of miRNAs. Tregs isolated from HCC patients (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 7) were used for validation of the differentially expressed miRNAs. Finally, bioinformatic analysis was applied to infer their possible roles. Results We found nine specifically altered miRNAs in HCC-activated Tregs from the murine model. After transfection with siRNAs against Foxp3, control Tregs showed obvious reduction of Foxp3 and five miRNAs were significantly changed; HCC-activated Tregs exhibited a slight reduction of Foxp3 with three miRNAs significantly changed. Tregs from HCC patients and healthy controls finally confirmed the up-regulation of four miRNAs (hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-214-3p, hsa-miR-129-5p and hsa-miR-30b-5p). Following bioinformatic analysis suggested these altered miRNAs would target eight important signaling pathways that could affect the functions of Tregs. Conclusions Our studies provided the first evidence that Tregs in HCC had the specifically altered expression of miRNAs, which was affected by Foxp3. These results are useful both in finding new biomarkers and in further exploring the functions of Tregs in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunmin Liang
- Lab of Tumor Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032 Shanghai, PR China.
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13
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Griffith JW, Sokol CL, Luster AD. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: positioning cells for host defense and immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 32:659-702. [PMID: 24655300 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1365] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migratory patterns and positioning of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, we now know that this complex system of approximately 50 endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane signaling receptors is also critical for the generation of primary and secondary adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate important roles for the chemokine system in the priming of naive T cells, in cell fate decisions such as effector and memory cell differentiation, and in regulatory T cell function. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the organismic level in homeostasis, in acute inflammation, and during the generation and regulation of adoptive primary and secondary immune responses in the lymphoid system and peripheral nonlymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Griffith
- Center for Immunology & Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; , ,
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Chauhan SK, Saban DR, Dohlman TH, Dana R. CCL-21 conditioned regulatory T cells induce allotolerance through enhanced homing to lymphoid tissue. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:817-23. [PMID: 24337379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are instrumental in the induction and maintenance of tolerance, including in transplantation. Tregs induce allotolerance by interacting with APCs and T cells, interactions that require their proper homing to the lymphoid tissues. Using a well-characterized model of corneal allotransplantation, we demonstrate in this study that Tregs in the draining lymph nodes (LN) of allograft acceptors, but not rejectors, colocalize with APCs in the paracortical areas and express high levels of CCR7. In addition, we show that Treg expression of CCR7 is important not only for Treg homing to the draining LN, but also for optimal Treg suppressive function. Finally, we show that Tregs augmented for CCR7 expression by their ex vivo stimulation with the CCR7 ligand CCL21 show enhanced homing to the draining LN of allograft recipients and promote transplant survival. Together, these findings suggest that CCR7 expression is critical for Treg function and migration and that conditioning of Treg for maximal CCR7 expression may be a viable strategy for promoting allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144
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15
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Zhou F, Ciric B, Zhang GX, Rostami A. Immune tolerance induced by intravenous transfer of immature dendritic cells via up-regulating numbers of suppressive IL-10(+) IFN-γ(+)-producing CD4(+) T cells. Immunol Res 2013; 56:1-8. [PMID: 23292714 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate immunity and immune tolerance in vivo. However, the mechanisms of DC-mediated tolerance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that intravenous (i.v.) transfer of bone marrow-derived DCs pulsed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide blocks the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6J mice. i.v. transfer of MOG-pulsed DCs leads to the down-regulation of the production of IL-17A and IFN-γ and up-regulation of IL-10 secretion. The development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is facilitated via up-regulation of FoxP3 expression and production of IL-10. The number of suppressive CD4(+)IL-10(+)IFN-γ(+) T cells is also improved. The expression of OX40, CD154, and CD28 is down-regulated, but the expression of CD152, CD80, PD-1, ICOS, and BTLA is up-regulated on CD4(+) T cells after i.v. transfer of immature DCs. The expression of CCR4, CCR5, and CCR7 on CD4(+) T cells is also improved. Our results suggest that immature DCs may induce tolerance via facilitating the development of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs and suppressive CD4(+)IL-10(+)IFN-γ(+) T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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16
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Human secondary lymphoid organs typically contain polyclonally-activated proliferating regulatory T cells. Blood 2013; 122:2213-23. [PMID: 23950176 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-489443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulating regulatory T-cell (Treg) therapy is a promising strategy in autoimmunity and transplantation. However, to achieve full clinical efficacy, better understanding of in vivo human Treg biology is warranted. Here, we demonstrate that in contrast to blood and bone marrow Tregs, which showed a resting phenotype, the majority of CD4(pos)CD25(pos)CD127(neg)FoxP3(pos) Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs were proliferating activated CD69(pos)CD45RA(neg) cells with a hyperdemethylated FOXP3 gene and a broad T-cell receptor-Vβ repertoire, implying polyclonal activation. Activated CD69(pos) Tregs were distributed over both T-cell and B-cell areas, distant from Aire(pos) and CD11c(pos) cells. In contrast to the anergic peripheral blood Tregs, lymphoid organ Tregs had significant ex vivo proliferative capacity and produced cytokines like interleukin-2, while revealing similar suppressive potential. Also, next to Treg-expressing chemokine receptors important for a prolonged stay in lymphoid organs, a significant part of the cells expressed peripheral tissue-associated, functional homing markers. In conclusion, our data suggest that human secondary lymphoid organs aid in the maintenance and regulation of Treg function and homeostasis. This knowledge may be exploited for further optimization of Treg immunotherapy, for example, by ex vivo selection of Tregs with capacity to migrate to lymphoid organs providing an in vivo platform for further Treg expansion.
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Afshar R, Strassner JP, Seung E, Causton B, Cho JL, Harris RS, Hamilos DL, Medoff BD, Luster AD. Compartmentalized chemokine-dependent regulatory T-cell inhibition of allergic pulmonary inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1644-52. [PMID: 23632297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of endogenous regulatory T (Treg) cells represents an exciting new potential modality for treating allergic diseases, such as asthma. Treg cells have been implicated in the regulation of asthma, but the anatomic location in which they exert their regulatory function and the mechanisms controlling the migration necessary for their suppressive function in asthma are not known. Understanding these aspects of Treg cell biology will be important for harnessing their power in the clinic. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the anatomic location at which Treg cells exert their regulatory function in the sensitization and effector phases of allergic asthma and to determine the chemokine receptors that control the migration of Treg cells to these sites in vivo in both mice and human subjects. METHODS The clinical efficacy and anatomic location of adoptively transferred chemokine receptor-deficient CD4(+)CD25(+) forkhead box protein 3-positive Treg cells was determined in the sensitization and effector phases of allergic airway inflammation in mice. The chemokine receptor expression profile was determined on Treg cells recruited into the human airway after bronchoscopic segmental allergen challenge of asthmatic patients. RESULTS We show that CCR7, but not CCR4, is required on Treg cells to suppress allergic airway inflammation during the sensitization phase. In contrast, CCR4, but not CCR7, is required on Treg cells to suppress allergic airway inflammation during the effector phase. Consistent with our murine studies, human subjects with allergic asthma had an increase in CCR4-expressing functional Treg cells in the lungs after segmental allergen challenge. CONCLUSION The location of Treg cell function differs during allergic sensitization and allergen-induced recall responses in the lung, and this differential localization is critically dependent on differential chemokine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshi Afshar
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Comerford I, Harata-Lee Y, Bunting MD, Gregor C, Kara EE, McColl SR. A myriad of functions and complex regulation of the CCR7/CCL19/CCL21 chemokine axis in the adaptive immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:269-83. [PMID: 23587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs. However, CCR7 and its ligands also contribute to a multitude of adaptive immune functions including thymocyte development, secondary lymphoid organogenesis, high affinity antibody responses, regulatory and memory T cell function, and lymphocyte egress from tissues. In this survey, we summarise the role of CCR7 in adaptive immunity and describe recent progress in understanding how this axis is regulated. In particular we highlight CCX-CKR, which scavenges both CCR7 ligands, and discuss its emerging significance in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Girard JP, Moussion C, Förster R. HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph nodes. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:762-73. [DOI: 10.1038/nri3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Inchingorei-san (TJ-117) and Artemisiae Capillaris Herba Induced Prolonged Survival of Fully Mismatched Cardiac Allografts and Generated Regulatory Cells in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:689810. [PMID: 22811750 PMCID: PMC3395131 DOI: 10.1155/2012/689810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated Inchingorei-san (TJ-117), a 6-component Japanese herbal medicine, on alloimmune responses in murine cardiac allograft transplantation. CBA mice underwent transplantation of a C57BL/6 (B6) heart and received oral administration of TJ-117 or each component of TJ-117 from the day of transplantation until 7 days afterward. Naive CBA mice rejected B6 cardiac grafts acutely (median survival time (MST), 7 days). CBA recipients given 1 g/kg/day of TJ-117 had prolonged B6 allograft survival (MST, 37 days). Moreover, given 1 g/kg/day of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (ACH), one component of TJ-117, indefinitely prolonged B6 allograft survival (MST, >100 days). However, other five components of TJ-117 were less effective than TJ-117 and ACH. Secondary CBA recipients given whole splenocytes, CD4+, and CD4+CD25+ cells from primary ACH-treated CBA recipients with B6 cardiac allografts 30 days after grafting had prolonged survival of B6 hearts (MSTs, 57, >100, and >100 days, resp.). Flow cytometry studies showed that the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory cell population was increased in transplant recipients given ACH. Cell proliferation, interleukin-2, and interferon-γ were suppressed in ACH-treated mice, whereas interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 were upregulated. In conclusion, ACH, one component of TJ-117, as well as TJ-117 induced hyporesponsiveness to fully allogeneic cardiac allografts and may generate CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory cells.
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Uchiyama M, Jin X, Zhang Q, Hirai T, Amano A, Bashuda H, Niimi M. Auditory stimulation of opera music induced prolongation of murine cardiac allograft survival and maintained generation of regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells. J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 7:26. [PMID: 22445281 PMCID: PMC3338095 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between the immune response and brain functions such as olfactory, auditory, and visual sensations are likely. This study investigated the effect of sounds on alloimmune responses in a murine model of cardiac allograft transplantation. METHODS Naïve CBA mice (H2k) underwent transplantation of a C57BL/6 (B6, H2b) heart and were exposed to one of three types of music--opera (La Traviata), classical (Mozart), and New Age (Enya)--or one of six different single sound frequencies, for 7 days. Additionally, we prepared two groups of CBA recipients with tympanic membrane perforation exposed to opera for 7 days and CBA recipients exposed to opera for 7 days before transplantation (pre-treatment). An adoptive transfer study was performed to determine whether regulatory cells were generated in allograft recipients. Immunohistochemical, cell-proliferation, cytokine, and flow cytometry assessments were also performed. RESULTS CBA recipients of a B6 cardiac graft that were exposed to opera music and Mozart had significantly prolonged allograft survival (median survival times [MSTs], 26.5 and 20 days, respectively), whereas those exposed to a single sound frequency (100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000, or 20,000 Hz) or Enya did not (MSTs, 7.5, 8, 9, 8, 7.5, 8.5 and 11 days, respectively). Untreated, CBA mice with tympanic membrane perforations and CBA recipients exposed to opera for 7 days before transplantation (pre-treatment) rejected B6 cardiac grafts acutely (MSTs, 7, 8 and 8 days, respectively). Adoptive transfer of whole splenocytes, CD4+ cells, or CD4+CD25+ cells from opera-exposed primary allograft recipients resulted in significantly prolonged allograft survival in naive secondary recipients (MSTs, 36, 68, and > 100 days, respectively). Proliferation of splenocytes, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ production was suppressed in opera-exposed mice, and production of IL-4 and IL-10 from opera-exposed transplant recipients increased compared to that from splenocytes of untreated recipients. Flow cytometry studies showed an increased CD4+CD25+ Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ cell population in splenocytes from those mice. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that exposure to opera music, such as La traviata, could affect such aspects of the peripheral immune response as generation of regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in prolonged allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Uchiyama
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Serum and urinary biomarkers in acute kidney transplant rejection. Nephrol Ther 2012; 8:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2011.07.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Uchiyama M, Jin X, Zhang Q, Hirai T, Bashuda H, Watanabe T, Amano A, Niimi M. Danazol induces prolonged survival of fully allogeneic cardiac grafts and maintains the generation of regulatory CD4(+) cells in mice. Transpl Int 2012; 25:357-65. [PMID: 22239184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Danazol, a derivative of testosterone, is useful for treatment of endometriosis as well as pretreatment for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, although its mechanisms of action are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of danazol on alloimmune responses in murine heart transplantation. CBA male mice (H2(k) ) underwent transplantation of C57BL/6 male (H2(b) ) hearts and received a single dose of danazol (0.4, 1.2 or 4mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal injection on the day of transplantation and for 6days thereafter. An adoptive transfer study was performed to determine whether regulatory cells were generated. The median survival time (MST) of allografts in danazol-treated (1.2 and 4mg/kg/day) mice was 28 and 63days, respectively, compared with 7days in untreated mice. Moreover, secondary CBA recipients given whole splenocytes or CD4(+) cells from primary danazol-treated (4mg/kg/day) CBA recipients 30days after transplantation had prolonged allograft survival (MSTs, 29 and 60days, respectively). Cell proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-γ were suppressed in danazol-treated mice, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 were up-regulated. Moreover, danazol directly suppressed allo-proliferation in a mixed leukocyte culture. Flow cytometry showed an increased CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) cell population in splenocytes from danazol-treated mice. Danazol prolongs cardiac allograft survival and generates regulatory CD4(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Uchiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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del Rio R, Noubade R, Saligrama N, Wall EH, Krementsov DN, Poynter ME, Zachary JF, Thurmond RL, Teuscher C. Histamine H4 receptor optimizes T regulatory cell frequency and facilitates anti-inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:541-7. [PMID: 22147765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that mediates multiple physiological processes, including immunomodulatory effects in allergic and inflammatory reactions, and also plays a key regulatory role in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. The pleiotropic effects of histamine are mediated by four G protein-coupled receptors, as follows: Hrh1/H(1)R, Hrh2/H(2)R, Hrh3/H(3)R, and Hrh4/H(4)R. H(4)R expression is primarily restricted to hematopoietic cells, and its role in autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS has not been studied. In this study, we show that, compared with wild-type mice, animals with a disrupted Hrh4 (H(4)RKO) develop more severe myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35\x{2013}55)-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mechanistically, we also show that H(4)R plays a role in determining the frequency of T regulatory (T(R)) cells in secondary lymphoid tissues, and regulates T(R) cell chemotaxis and suppressor activity. Moreover, the lack of H(4)R leads to an impairment of an anti-inflammatory response due to fewer T(R) cells in the CNS during the acute phase of the disease and an increase in the proportion of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana del Rio
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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25
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Regulation of inducible BALT formation and contribution to immunity and pathology. Mucosal Immunol 2010; 3:537-44. [PMID: 20811344 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2010.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) is an organized tertiary lymphoid structure that is not pre-programmed but develops in response to infection or under chronic inflammatory conditions. Emerging research has shown that iBALT provides a niche for T-cell priming and B-cell education to assist in the clearance of infectious agents, highlighting the prospect that iBALT may be engineered and harnessed to enhance protective immunity against respiratory pathogens. Although iBALT formation is associated with several canonical factors of secondary lymphoid organogenesis such as lymphotoxin-α and the homeostatic chemokines, CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21, these cytokines are not mandatory for its formation, even though they influence its organization and function. Similarly, lymphoid tissue-inducer cells are not a requisite of iBALT formation. In contrast, dendritic cells are emerging as pivotal players required to form and sustain the presence of iBALT. Regulatory T cells appear to be able to attenuate the development of iBALT, although the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. In this review, we discuss facets unique to iBALT induction, the cellular subsets, and molecular cues that govern this process, and the contribution of this ectopic structure toward the generation of immune responses in the pulmonary compartment.
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Lund AW, Swartz MA. Role of lymphatic vessels in tumor immunity: passive conduits or active participants? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2010; 15:341-52. [PMID: 20835756 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-010-9193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in lymphatic biology and cancer immunology may soon intersect as emerging evidence implicates the lymphatics in the progression of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity as well as in tumor metastasis and immune escape. Like the blood vasculature, the lymphatic system comprises a highly dynamic conduit system that regulates fluid homeostasis, antigen transport and immune cell trafficking, which all play important roles in the progression and resolution of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This review presents emerging evidence that lymphatic vessels are active modulators of immunity, perhaps fine-tuning the response to adjust the balance between peripheral tolerance and immunity. This suggests that the tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and draining lymph node may be important in tumor immunity which in turn governs metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W Lund
- Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Arazi A, Sharabi A, Zinger H, Mozes E, Neumann AU. In vivo dynamical interactions between CD4 Tregs, CD8 Tregs and CD4+ CD25- cells in mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8447. [PMID: 20041142 PMCID: PMC2794381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were shown to be central in maintaining immunological homeostasis and preventing the development of autoimmune diseases. Several subsets of Tregs have been identified to date; however, the dynamics of the interactions between these subsets, and their implications on their regulatory functions are yet to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings We employed a combination of mathematical modeling and frequent in vivo measurements of several T cell subsets. Healthy BALB/c mice received a single injection of either hCDR1 - a tolerogenic peptide previously shown to induce Tregs, a control peptide or vehicle alone, and were monitored for 16 days. During this period, splenocytes from the treated mice were analyzed for the levels of CD4, CD25, CD8, CD28 and Foxp3. The collected data were then fitted to mathematical models, in order to test competing hypotheses regarding the interactions between the followed T cell subsets. In all 3 treatment groups, a significant, lasting, non-random perturbation of the immune system could be observed. Our analysis predicted the emergence of functional CD4 Tregs based on inverse oscillations of the latter and CD4+CD25− cells. Furthermore, CD4 Tregs seemed to require a sufficiently high level of CD8 Tregs in order to become functional, while conversion was unlikely to be their major source. Our results indicated in addition that Foxp3 is not a sufficient marker for regulatory activity. Conclusions/Significance In this work, we unraveled the dynamics of the interplay between CD4, CD8 Tregs and effector T cells, using, for the first time, a mathematical-mechanistic perspective in the analysis of Treg kinetics. Furthermore, the results obtained from this interdisciplinary approach supported the notion that CD4 Tregs need to interact with CD8 Tregs in order to become functional. Finally, we generated predictions regarding the time-dependent function of Tregs, which can be further tested empirically in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Arazi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Heidy Zinger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avidan U. Neumann
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Eller K, Weber T, Pruenster M, Wolf AM, Mayer G, Rosenkranz AR, Rot A. CCR7 deficiency exacerbates injury in acute nephritis due to aberrant localization of regulatory T cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 21:42-52. [PMID: 19917782 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The homing of dendritic cells and T cells to secondary lymphoid organs requires chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression on these cells. T cells mediate the pathogenesis of experimental accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS), including its suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs), but the contribution of CCR7 to this disease is unknown. Here, we compared the development of NTS in CCR7-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Compared with WT mice, CCR7KO mice developed more severe disease with significantly more inflammatory cells infiltrating the kidney. These cells included FoxP3(+) Tregs, which were virtually absent from WT kidneys. The adoptive transfer of WT Tregs into CCR7KO mice at the time of immunization protected the recipients from disease; these cells homed to secondary lymphoid organs but not to kidneys. Conversely, adoptive transfer of CCR7KO Tregs into WT mice did not inhibit development of NTS. These data suggest that NTS can develop without CCR7 expression, but Treg-mediated disease suppression, which seems to occur in secondary lymphoid organs, requires CCR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Eller
- Innsbruck Medical University, Clinical Division of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Anichstrasse. 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Expression of regulatory T-cell-related molecule genes and clinical outcome in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation 2009; 87:857-63. [PMID: 19300189 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318199fa57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naturally occurring regulatory T cells have been associated with long-term allograft survival. We investigated whether gene transcripts of Treg-related molecules are upregulated or downregulated in kidney transplant recipients with different clinical outcomes and may serve as markers of operative tolerance. METHODS Expression levels of transcription factor (forkhead box P3 [FOXP3], t-bet, and GATA3), regulatory molecule (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein, tribbles protein-1, and transforming growth factor-beta), and chemokine receptor (CCR7 and CXCR4) genes were measured in kidney graft recipients with long-term (> or = 9 years) stable renal function (LTS) or chronic rejection (ChrRx). Patients on dialysis and healthy individuals served as controls. RESULTS The level of FOXP3 transcripts was lower in ChrRx patients than in LTS patients (P<0.01). The highest transforming growth factor-beta transcripts were observed in ChrRx and the highest CCR7 and CXCR4 transcripts were observed in LTS patients. In LTS patients, FOXP3 gene expression was associated with CXCR4 gene expression (P=0.015). FOXP3 and CCR7 transcript levels were higher in LTS patients without calcineurin inhibitor therapy than in LTS patients with calcineurin inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that high expression of FOXP3 and chemokine receptor genes in LTS patients are possible indicators of a regulatory process that contributes to long-term allograft acceptance. Markers that were increased in LTS patients were found to be decreased in ChrRx patients, suggesting that rejection may partly be the result of a lack of this regulatory process. FOXP3 and CCR7 and CXCR4 transcripts might be used as markers to distinguish patients who developed long-term allograft acceptance from patients who are prone to ChrRx.
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Abe J, Ueha S, Suzuki J, Tokano Y, Matsushima K, Ishikawa S. Increased Foxp3(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells with intact suppressive activity but altered cellular localization in murine lupus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:1682-92. [PMID: 19008373 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3(+) CD4(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells play a pivotal role in the maintenance of dominant self tolerance. Understanding how the failures of immune control by T(reg) cells are involved in autoimmune diseases is important for the development of effective immunotherapies. In the present study, we analyzed the characteristics of endogenous T(reg) cells in (NZB x NZW) F1 (BWF1) mice, a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Unexpectedly, T(reg) number and frequency in aged BWF1 mice with developing lupus nephritis were increased, not decreased, and in vitro suppressive activity in lymphoid organs was intact. In addition, T(reg) cells trafficked to target organs because cells were present in the kidney and lung. T(reg) cells of aged BWF1 mice exhibited altered localization within lymph organs, however, and an altered phenotype, with higher expression levels of chemokine receptors and activation markers, suggesting a highly activated cellular state. Notably, the expression levels of co-stimulatory molecules were also markedly enhanced in the T(reg) cells of aged BWF1 mice. Furthermore, T(reg) cells of BWF1 mice did not show any suppressive effects on antibody production in vitro. Taken together, we conclude that T(reg) cells in BWF1 mice are not predisposed to functional incompetence but rather are present in a highly activated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Abe
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Bromley SK, Mempel TR, Luster AD. Orchestrating the orchestrators: chemokines in control of T cell traffic. Nat Immunol 2008; 9:970-80. [PMID: 18711434 DOI: 10.1038/ni.f.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of how chemokines orchestrate the trafficking and activity of immune cells has increased considerably. So far, over 50 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors have been identified. Detailed analyses have demonstrated the function of chemokine receptors on T cell subsets, the temporal and spatial expression patterns of chemokines in vivo and the phenotypes of animals genetically deficient in one component or several components of the chemokine-chemokine receptor system. New microscopy modalities for studying the influence of chemokines on the migratory activity of T cells in the lymph node have also brought new insights. Here we review such advances with particular emphasis on control of the migration of T cell subsets in lymph nodes and in peripheral tissues in homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Bromley
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Chemokine-mediated rapid turnover of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice. Blood 2008; 111:5457-66. [PMID: 18375791 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth is associated with aberrant myelopoiesis, including the accumulation of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that have the potential to promote tumor growth. However, the identity, growth, and migration of tumor-associated MDSCs remain undefined. We demonstrate herein that MDSCs at tumor site were composed primarily of bone marrow-derived CD11b(+)Gr-1(hi)Ly-6C(int) neutrophils and CD11b(+)Gr-1(int/dull)Ly-6C(hi) macrophages. Unexpectedly, in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and parabiosis experiments revealed that tumor-infiltrating macrophages were replenished more rapidly than neutrophils. CCR2 deficiency caused striking conversion of infiltrating cellular dominance from macrophages to neutrophils in the tumor with the excessive production of CXCR2 ligands and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in the tumor without affecting tumor growth. Overall, our data established the identity and dynamics of MDSCs in a tumor-bearing host mediated by chemokines and elucidated unexpected effects of the paucity of macrophages on tumor development.
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Mahnke K, Bedke T, Enk AH. Regulatory conversation between antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cells enhance immune suppression. Cell Immunol 2008; 250:1-13. [PMID: 18313653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) were originally described by their suppressive function exerted on effector T cells, but recent evidence also reveals interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs). In general, all major subpopulations of APCs, i.e., dendritic cells (DC), B cells and monocytes/macrophages (Mvarphi), respond to exposure to Treg by down regulation of their antigen presenting function, upregulation of immunosuppressive molecules and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Thus, Treg gain influence on the innate immune system and are able to augment their immunosuppressive capacities by blocking the effective priming of T effector cells by APCs. Conversely, APCs have an important role in nurturing peripheral Treg populations, since it has been shown that immature DC, as well as alternatively activated Mvarphi, are able to induce Treg de novo. These properties are dependent on the expression of surface molecules (CTLA-4, F4/80) and the production of soluble factors such as IL-10 and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by the APC subpopulations. On the whole, the mutual interaction of Treg and APCs enables Treg to sustain their immunosuppressive functions which, in healthy individuals, may be crucial for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Vosstrasse 11, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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