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Opgenorth J, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Freestone AD, Rhoads RP, McMillan RP, McGill JL, Baumgard LH. Intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in early- versus mid-lactation dairy cattle: Immune, production, and metabolic responses. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6252-6267. [PMID: 38460880 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Study objectives were to compare the immune response, metabolism, and production following intramammary LPS (IMM LPS) administration in early and mid-lactation cows. Early (E-LPS; n = 11; 20 ± 4 DIM) and mid- (M-LPS; n = 10; 155 ± 40 DIM) lactation cows were enrolled in an experiment consisting of 2 periods (P). During P1 (5 d) cows were fed ad libitum and baseline data were collected, including liver and muscle biopsies. At the beginning of P2 (3 d) cows received 10 mL of sterile saline containing 10 µg of LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4/mL into the left rear quarter of the mammary gland, and liver and muscle biopsies were collected at 12 h after LPS. Tissues were analyzed for metabolic flexibility, which measures substrate switching capacity from pyruvic acid to palmitic acid oxidation. Data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4. Rectal temperature was assessed hourly for the first 12 h after LPS and every 6 h thereafter for the remainder of P2. All cows developed a febrile response following LPS, but E-LPS had a more intense fever than M-LPS cows (0.7°C at 5 h after LPS). Blood samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after LPS for analysis of systemic inflammation and metabolism parameters. Total serum Ca decreased after LPS (26% at 6 h nadir) but did not differ by lactation stage (LS). Circulating neutrophils decreased, then increased after LPS in both LS, but E-LPS had exaggerated neutrophilia (56% from 12 to 48 h) compared with M-LPS. Haptoglobin increased after LPS (15-fold) but did not differ by LS. Many circulating cytokines were increased after LPS, and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IP-10 were further augmented in E-LPS compared with M-LPS cows. Relative to P1, all cows had reduced milk yield (26%) and DMI (14%) on d 1 that did not differ by LS. Somatic cell score increased rapidly in response to LPS regardless of LS and gradually decreased from 18 h onwards. Milk component yields decreased after LPS. However, E-LPS had increased fat (11%) and tended to have increased lactose (8%) yield compared with M-LPS cows throughout P2. Circulating glucose was not affected by LPS. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) decreased in E-LPS (29%) but not M-LPS cows. β-Hydroxybutyrate slightly increased (14%) over time after LPS regardless of LS. Insulin increased after LPS in all cows, but E-LPS had blunted hyperinsulinemia (52%) compared with M-LPS cows. Blood urea nitrogen increased after LPS, and the relative change in BUN was elevated in E-LPS cows compared with M-LPS cows (36% and 13%, respectively, from 9 to 24 h). During P1, metabolic flexibility was increased in liver and muscle in early lactating cows compared with mid-lactation cows, but 12 h after LPS, metabolic flexibility was reduced and did not differ by LS. In conclusion, IMM LPS caused severe immune activation, and E-LPS cows had a more intense inflammatory response compared with M-LPS cows, but the effects on milk synthesis was similar between LS. Some parameters of the E-LPS metabolic profile suggest continuation of metabolic adjustments associated with early lactation to support both a robust immune system and milk synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - A D Freestone
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - R P Rhoads
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - R P McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - J L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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Opgenorth J, Mayorga EJ, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Freestone AD, McGill JL, Baumgard LH. Intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge in early- versus mid-lactation dairy cattle. I: The immune and inflammatory responses. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6225-6239. [PMID: 38428491 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cows in early lactation (EL) are purportedly immune suppressed, which renders them more susceptible to disease. Thus, the study objective was to compare key biomarkers of immune activation from i.v. LPS between EL and mid-lactation (ML) cows. Multiparous EL (20 ± 2 DIM; n = 11) and ML (131 ± 31 DIM; n = 12) cows were enrolled in a 2 × 2 factorial design and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments by lactation stage (LS): (1) EL (EL-LPS; n = 6) or ML (ML-LPS; n = 6) cows administered a single LPS bolus from Escherichia coli O55:B5 (0.09 µg/kg of BW), or (2) pair-fed (PF) EL (EL-PF; n = 5) or ML (ML-PF; n = 6) cows administered i.v. saline. After LPS administration, cows were intensely evaluated for 3 d to analyze their response and recovery to LPS. Rectal temperature increased in LPS relative to PF cows (1.1°C in the first 9 h), and the response was more severe in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (2.3 vs. 1.3°C increase at 4 h post-LPS; respectively). Respiration rate increased only in EL-LPS cows (47% relative to ML-LPS in the first hour post-LPS). Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 increased within the first 6 h after LPS and these changes were exacerbated in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows (6.3-fold, 4.8-fold, 57%, 93%, 10%, and 61%, respectively). All cows administered LPS had decreased circulating iCa relative to PF cows (34% at the 6 h nadir), but the hypocalcemia was more severe in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (14% at 6 h nadir). In response to LPS, neutrophils decreased regardless of LS, then increased into neutrophilia by 24 h in all LPS relative to PF cows (2-fold); however, the neutrophilic phase was augmented in EL- compared with ML-LPS cows (63% from 24 to 72 h). Lymphocytes and monocytes rapidly decreased then gradually returned to baseline in LPS cows regardless of LS; however, monocytes were increased (57%) at 72 h in EL-LPS relative to ML-LPS cows. Platelets were reduced (46%) in LPS relative to PF cows throughout the 3-d following LPS, and from 24 to 48 h, platelets were further decreased (41%) in EL-LPS compared with ML-LPS. During the 3-d following LPS, serum amyloid A (SAA), LPS-binding protein (LBP), and haptoglobin (Hp) increased in LPS compared with PF groups (9-fold, 72%, and 153-fold, respectively), and the LBP and Hp responses were more exaggerated in EL-LPS than ML-LPS cows (85 and 79%, respectively) whereas the SAA response did not differ by LS. Thus, our data indicates that EL immune function does not appear "suppressed," and in fact many aspects of the immune response are seemingly functionally robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - A D Freestone
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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Jiang D, Jiao L, Li Q, Xie R, Jia H, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu S, Huang D, Zheng J, Song W, Li Y, Chen J, Li J, Ying B, Yu L. Neutrophil-derived migrasomes are an essential part of the coagulation system. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1110-1123. [PMID: 38997457 PMCID: PMC11251984 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Migrasomes are organelles that are generated by migrating cells. Here we report the key role of neutrophil-derived migrasomes in haemostasis. We found that a large number of neutrophil-derived migrasomes exist in the blood of mice and humans. Compared with neutrophil cell bodies and platelets, these migrasomes adsorb and enrich coagulation factors on the surface. Moreover, they are highly enriched with adhesion molecules, which enable them to preferentially accumulate at sites of injury, where they trigger platelet activation and clot formation. Depletion of neutrophils, or genetic reduction of the number of these migrasomes, significantly decreases platelet plug formation and impairs coagulation. These defects can be rescued by intravenous injection of purified neutrophil-derived migrasomes. Our study reveals neutrophil-derived migrasomes as a previously unrecognized essential component of the haemostasis system, which may shed light on the cause of various coagulation disorders and open therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haohao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - ShiHui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - JianFeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Andrews JT, Zhang Z, Prasad GVRK, Huey F, Nazarova EV, Wang J, Ranaraja A, Weinkopff T, Li LX, Mu S, Birrer MJ, Huang SCC, Zhang N, Argüello RJ, Philips JA, Mattila JT, Huang L. Metabolically active neutrophils represent a permissive niche for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00048-5. [PMID: 38844208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected neutrophils are often found in the airways of patients with active tuberculosis (TB), and excessive recruitment of neutrophils to the lung is linked to increased bacterial burden and aggravated pathology in TB. The basis for the permissiveness of neutrophils for Mtb and the ability to be pathogenic in TB has been elusive. Here, we identified metabolic and functional features of neutrophils that contribute to their permissiveness in Mtb infection. Using single-cell metabolic and transcriptional analyses, we found that neutrophils in the Mtb-infected lung displayed elevated mitochondrial metabolism, which was largely attributed to the induction of activated neutrophils with enhanced metabolic activities. The activated neutrophil subpopulation was also identified in the lung granulomas from Mtb-infected non-human primates. Functionally, activated neutrophils harbored more viable bacteria and displayed enhanced lipid uptake and accumulation. Surprisingly, we found that interferon-γ promoted the activation of lung neutrophils during Mtb infection. Lastly, perturbation of lipid uptake pathways selectively compromised Mtb survival in activated neutrophils. These findings suggest that neutrophil heterogeneity and metabolic diversity are key to their permissiveness for Mtb and that metabolic pathways in neutrophils represent potential host-directed therapeutics in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tucker Andrews
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G V R Krishna Prasad
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fischer Huey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Evgeniya V Nazarova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ananya Ranaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Tiffany Weinkopff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Immunology, Metastasis & Microenvironment Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua T Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Zhang H, Wang N, Xu Y, Pei M, Zheng Y. Comparative analysis of peripheral blood immunoinflammatory landscapes in patients with acute cholangitis and its secondary septic shock using single-cell RNA sequencing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 683:149121. [PMID: 37864923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cholangitis (AC) is a key pathogeny of septic shock, which has a high mortality rate. AC has significant clinical heterogeneity, but no study has analyzed the discrepancies in immunoresponsiveness between AC and its secondary septic shock. The immune inflammatory responses play a critical role in the development of septic shock. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the differences of immunocytes in immunoresponse and inflammation between the early stages of AC (A1, A2, and A3) and its secondary septic shock (B1, B2, and B3). RESULTS This study has identified seven cell types, including T cells, B cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, monocytes, platelets and erythrocytes. We mainly focused on neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. Neutrophil subpopulation analysis indicated that neutrophil progenitors (proNeus) were identified in neutrophil subsets. Compared with patients suffering from AC, the gene phenotypes of proNeus (ELANE, AZU1, MPO, and PRTN3) were significantly upregulated in septic shock. The differentiation direction of neutrophil subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined; Moreover, the proNeus in septic shock presented a state of "expansion", with upregulation of neutrophil degranulation and downregulation of monocyte and T cell proliferation. Neutrophils-7 (CCL5, RPL23A, RPL13, RPS19 and RPS18) were mainly involved in the regulation of cellular functions. The neutrophils-7 subpopulation in septic shock were in a state of "exhaustion", and its biological functions showed the characteristics of weakening neutrophil migration and phagocytosis, etc., which maked infection difficult to control and aggravated the development of septic shock. Analysis of monocyte and T cell subpopulations showed that the expression genes and biological functions of subpopulations were closely related to immunoinflammatory regulation. In addition, CCL3 - CCR1, CXCL1 - CXCR2 and other ligand-receptors were highly expressed in neutrophils and monocytes, enhancing interactions between immune cells. CONCLUSION ScRNA-seq revealed significant differences in immune cells between AC and its secondary septic shock, which were primarily manifested in the cellular numbers, differentially expressed genes, functions of cellular subsets, differentiation trajectories, cell-cell interactions and so on. We identified many subsets of neutrophil, T cell and monocyte were associated with inflammation and immunosuppression induced by septic shock. These provided a reference for accurately evaluating the pathological severity of patients with AC and discovering the targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Yuntian Xu
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingchao Pei
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Emergency ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Tu F, Pan L, Wu W, Cai Y, Li J, Wang X, Lai X, Chen Z, Ye L, Wang S. Recombinant GM-CSF enhances the bactericidal ability of PMNs by increasing intracellular IL-1β and improves the prognosis of secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:443-458. [PMID: 37490847 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) via interleukin (IL)-1β to improve the prognosis of secondary infection in sepsis. The latter stage of sepsis is prone to induce immunosuppression, resulting in secondary fatal infections. Recombinant GM-CSF has become a way for sepsis-induced immunosuppression due to its immunomodulatory effect. However, the functional impact of GM-CSF on PMNs in sepsis remains obscure. This study aimed to study the role of recombinant GM-CSF on the bactericidal ability of PMNs in septic mice, assessing its effect on the prognosis of secondary pneumonia, and explore the mechanism of recombinant GM-CSF by intervening PMNs in patients with sepsis. The C57BL/6J sepsis mouse model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Recombinant murine GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) was used in vivo when mice developed immunosuppression, which was characterized by abnormal bactericidal function of PMNs in peripheral blood. rmGM-CSF improved the prognosis of secondary pneumonia and reversed the function of PMNs. PMNs isolated by Percoll from septic patients were treated by recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) in vitro. The expression of CD11b, reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap release in PMNs were enhanced by rhGM-CSF treatments. Whole-transcriptomic sequencing of mouse PMNs indicated that recombinant GM-CSF increased the expression of Il1b gene in PMNs. Blocking and inhibiting IL-1β release effectively counteracted the enhancing effect of GM-CSF on the bactericidal function of PMNs. rmGM-CSF enhances the bactericidal function of PMNs in vivo and improves the prognosis of secondary pneumonia in septic mice, and recombinant GM-CSF increases IL-1β precursor reserves, which, if stimulated, can rapidly enhance the bactericidal capacity of PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Tu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanhua Cai
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jinggang Li
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolin Lai
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Luya Ye
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Huber A, Jose S, Kassam A, Weghorn KN, Powers-Fletcher M, Sharma D, Mukherjee A, Mathew A, Kulkarni N, Chandramouli S, Alder MN, Madan R. Olfactomedin-4 + neutrophils exacerbate intestinal epithelial damage and worsen host survival after Clostridioides difficile infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.553751. [PMID: 37662327 PMCID: PMC10473617 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.553751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key first responders to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Excessive tissue and blood neutrophils are associated with worse histopathology and adverse outcomes, however their functional role during CDI remains poorly defined. Utilizing intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-neutrophil co-cultures and a pre-clinical animal model of CDI, we show that neutrophils exacerbate C. difficile -induced IEC injury. We utilized cutting-edge single-cell transcriptomics to illuminate neutrophil subtypes and biological pathways that could exacerbate CDI-associated IEC damage. As such, we have established the first transcriptomics atlas of bone marrow (BM), blood, and colonic neutrophils after CDI. We found that CDI altered the developmental trajectory of BM and blood neutrophils towards populations that exhibit gene signatures associated with pro-inflammatory responses and neutrophil-mediated tissue damage. Similarly, the transcriptomic signature of colonic neutrophils was consistent with hyper-inflammatory and highly differentiated cells that had amplified expression of cytokine-mediated signaling and degranulation priming genes. One of the top 10 variable features in colonic neutrophils was the gene for neutrophil glycoprotein, Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4). CDI enhanced OLFM4 mRNA and protein expression in neutrophils, and OLFM4 + cells aggregated to areas of severe IEC damage. Compared to uninfected controls, both humans and mice with CDI had higher concentrations of circulating OLFM4; and in mice, OLFM4 deficiency resulted in faster recovery and better survival after infection. Collectively, these studies provide novel insights into neutrophil-mediated pathology after CDI and highlight the pathogenic role of OLFM4 + neutrophils in regulating CDI-induced IEC damage. One Sentence Summary Utilizing single-cell transcriptomics, IEC-epithelial co-cultures, and pre-clinical models of CDI, we have identified a subset of neutrophils that are marked by OLFM4 expression as pathogenic determinants of IEC barrier damage after CDI.
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Ruhnau J, Heuer C, Witt C, Ceesay S, Schulze J, Gross S, Waize M, Kromrey ML, Kühn JP, Langner S, Grunwald U, Bröker BM, Petersmann A, Steveling A, Dressel A, Vogelgesang A. Effects of body mass index on the immune response within the first days after major stroke in humans. Neurol Res Pract 2023; 5:42. [PMID: 37587512 PMCID: PMC10433619 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-023-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunological alterations associated with increased susceptibility to infection are an essential aspect of stroke pathophysiology. Several immunological functions of adipose tissue are altered by obesity and are accompanied by chronic immune activation. The purpose of this study was to examine immune function (monocytes, granulocytes, cytokines) as a function of body mass index (BMI: 1st group: 25; 2nd group: 25 BMI 30; 3rd group: 30) and changes in body weight post stroke. METHOD Fat status was assessed using standardized weight measurements on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 after ischemic stroke in a cohort of 40 stroke patients and 16 control patients. Liver fat and visceral fat were assessed by MRI on day 1 or 2 [I] and on day 5 or 7 [II]. Leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood, cytokines, chemokines, and adipokine concentrations in sera were quantified. In a second cohort (stroke and control group, n = 17), multiple regression analysis was used to identify correlations between BMI and monocyte and granulocyte subpopulations. RESULTS Weight and fat loss occurred from the day of admission to day 1 after stroke without further reduction in the postischemic course. No significant changes in liver or visceral fat were observed between MRI I and MRI II. BMI was inversely associated with IL-6 levels, while proinflammatory cytokines such as eotaxin, IFN-β, IFN -γ and TNF-α were upregulated when BMI increased. The numbers of anti-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes and CD16+CD62L- granulocytes were reduced in patients with higher BMI values, while that of proinflammatory CD16dimCD62L+ granulocytes was increased. CONCLUSION A small weight loss in stroke patients was detectable. The data demonstrate a positive correlation between BMI and a proinflammatory poststroke immune response. This provides a potential link to how obesity may affect the clinical outcome of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ruhnau
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Christin Heuer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carl Witt
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sonya Ceesay
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Schulze
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Gross
- Partner site Greifswald, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Waize
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Department of Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Department of Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sönke Langner
- Department of Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Grunwald
- Internal Medicine C, Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Antje Steveling
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Dressel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Carl-Thiem Klinikum, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Antje Vogelgesang
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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9
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Bruserud Ø, Mosevoll KA, Bruserud Ø, Reikvam H, Wendelbo Ø. The Regulation of Neutrophil Migration in Patients with Sepsis: The Complexity of the Molecular Mechanisms and Their Modulation in Sepsis and the Heterogeneity of Sepsis Patients. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071003. [PMID: 37048076 PMCID: PMC10093057 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Common causes include gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi. Neutrophils are among the first cells to arrive at an infection site where they function as important effector cells of the innate immune system and as regulators of the host immune response. The regulation of neutrophil migration is therefore important both for the infection-directed host response and for the development of organ dysfunctions in sepsis. Downregulation of CXCR4/CXCL12 stimulates neutrophil migration from the bone marrow. This is followed by transmigration/extravasation across the endothelial cell barrier at the infection site; this process is directed by adhesion molecules and various chemotactic gradients created by chemotactic cytokines, lipid mediators, bacterial peptides, and peptides from damaged cells. These mechanisms of neutrophil migration are modulated by sepsis, leading to reduced neutrophil migration and even reversed migration that contributes to distant organ failure. The sepsis-induced modulation seems to differ between neutrophil subsets. Furthermore, sepsis patients should be regarded as heterogeneous because neutrophil migration will possibly be further modulated by the infecting microorganisms, antimicrobial treatment, patient age/frailty/sex, other diseases (e.g., hematological malignancies and stem cell transplantation), and the metabolic status. The present review describes molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of neutrophil migration; how these mechanisms are altered during sepsis; and how bacteria/fungi, antimicrobial treatment, and aging/frailty/comorbidity influence the regulation of neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Knut Anders Mosevoll
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Bruserud
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Wendelbo
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Ulriksdal 10, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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10
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Siwicki M, Kubes P. Neutrophils in host defense, healing, and hypersensitivity: Dynamic cells within a dynamic host. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:634-655. [PMID: 36642653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are cells of the innate immune system that are extremely abundant in vivo and respond quickly to infection, injury, and inflammation. Their constant circulation throughout the body makes them some of the first responders to infection, and indeed they play a critical role in host defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. It is now appreciated that neutrophils also play an important role in tissue healing after injury. Their short life cycle, rapid response kinetics, and vast numbers make neutrophils a highly dynamic and potentially extremely influential cell population. It has become clear that they are highly integrated with other cells of the immune system and can thus exert critical effects on the course of an inflammatory response; they can further impact tissue homeostasis and recovery after challenge. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of neutrophils in host defense and healing; we explore the relationship between neutrophils and the dynamic host environment, including circadian cycles and the microbiome; we survey the field of neutrophils in asthma and allergy; and we consider the question of neutrophil heterogeneity-namely, whether there could be specific subsets of neutrophils that perform different functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Siwicki
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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11
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Korkmaz FT, Traber KE. Innate immune responses in pneumonia. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2023; 15:4. [PMID: 36829255 PMCID: PMC9957695 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-023-00106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The lungs are an immunologically unique environment; they are exposed to innumerable pathogens and particulate matter daily. Appropriate clearance of pathogens and response to pollutants is required to prevent overwhelming infection, while preventing tissue damage and maintaining efficient gas exchange. Broadly, the innate immune system is the collection of immediate, intrinsic immune responses to pathogen or tissue injury. In this review, we will examine the innate immune responses of the lung, with a particular focus on their role in pneumonia. We will discuss the anatomic barriers and antimicrobial proteins of the lung, pathogen and injury recognition, and the role of leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphocytes) and lung stromal cells in innate immunity. Throughout the review, we will focus on new findings in innate immunity as well as features that are unique to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz T Korkmaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katrina E Traber
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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van der Burg N, Stenberg H, Ekstedt S, Diamant Z, Bornesund D, Ankerst J, Kumlien Georén S, Cardell LO, Bjermer L, Erjefält J, Tufvesson E. Neutrophil phenotypes in bronchial airways differentiate single from dual responding allergic asthmatics. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:65-77. [PMID: 35437872 PMCID: PMC10083921 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic asthmatics with both an early (EAR) and a late allergic reaction (LAR) following allergen exposure are termed 'dual responders' (DR), while 'single responders' (SR) only have an EAR. Mechanisms that differentiate DR from SR are largely unknown, particularly regarding the role and phenotypes of neutrophils. Therefore, we aimed to study neutrophils in DR and SR asthmatics. METHODS Thirty-four allergic asthmatics underwent an inhaled allergen challenge, samples were collected before and up to 24 h post-challenge. Cell differentials were counted from bronchial lavage, alveolar lavage and blood; and tissue neutrophils were quantified in immune-stained bronchial biopsies. Lavage neutrophil nuclei lobe segmentation was used to classify active (1-4 lobes) from suppressive neutrophils (≥5 lobes). Levels of transmigration markers: soluble (s)CD62L and interleukin-1Ra, and activity markers: neutrophil elastase (NE), DNA-histone complex and dsDNA were measured in lavage fluid and plasma. RESULTS Compared with SR at baseline, DR had more neutrophils in their bronchial airways at baseline, both in the lavage (p = .0031) and biopsies (p = .026) and elevated bronchial neutrophils correlated with less antitransmigratory IL-1Ra levels (r = -0.64). DR airways had less suppressive neutrophils and more 3-lobed (active) neutrophils (p = .029) that correlated with more bronchial lavage histone (p = .020) and more plasma NE (p = .0016). Post-challenge, DR released neutrophil extracellular trap factors in the blood earlier and had less pro-transmigratory sCD62L during the late phase (p = .0076) than in SR. CONCLUSION DR have a more active airway neutrophil phenotype at baseline and a distinct neutrophil response to allergen challenge that may contribute to the development of an LAR. Therefore, neutrophil activity should be considered during targeted diagnosis and bio-therapeutic development for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henning Stenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Ekstedt
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daisy Bornesund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Cell and Tissue biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaro Ankerst
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Erjefält
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Cell and Tissue biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Van Bruggen S, Martinod K. The coming of age of neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombosis: Where are we now and where are we headed? Immunol Rev 2022; 314:376-398. [PMID: 36560865 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis remains a major problem in our society, manifesting across multiple demographic groups and with high associated morbidity and mortality. Thrombus development is the result of a complex mechanism in which multiple cell types and soluble factors play a crucial role. One cell that has gained the most attention in recent years is the neutrophil. This key member of the innate immune system can form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to activating stimuli in circulation. NETs form a scaffold for thrombus formation, both initiating the process and stabilizing the final product. As the first responders of the host immune system, neutrophils have the flexibility to recognize a variety of molecules and can quickly interact with a range of different cell types. This trait makes them sensitive to exogenous stimuli. NET formation in response to pathogens is well established, leading to immune-mediated thrombus formation or immunothrombosis. NETs can also be formed during sterile inflammation through the activation of neutrophils by fellow immune cells including platelets, or activated endothelium. In chronic inflammatory settings, NETs can ultimately promote the development of tissue fibrosis, with organ failure as an end-stage outcome. In this review, we discuss the different pathways through which neutrophils can be activated toward NET formation and how these processes can result in a shared outcome: thrombus formation. Finally, we evaluate these different interactions and mechanisms for their potential as therapeutic targets, with neutrophil-targeted therapies providing a future approach to treating thrombosis. In contrast to current practices, such treatment could result in reduced pathogenic blood clot formation without increasing the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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van Baarle FLF, de Bruin S, Bulle EB, van Mourik N, Lim EHT, Tuip-de Boer AM, Bongers A, de Wissel MB, van Bruggen R, de Korte D, Vermeulen C, Tan KW, Jonkers RE, Bonta PI, Lutter R, Dekker T, Dierdorp BS, Peters AL, Biemond BJ, Vlaar APJ. Aged versus fresh autologous platelet transfusion in a two-hit healthy volunteer model of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion 2022; 62:2490-2501. [PMID: 36300793 PMCID: PMC10092071 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a severe complication of blood transfusion that is thought of as a two-hit event: first the underlying patient condition (e.g., sepsis), and then the transfusion. Transfusion factors include human leukocyte antigen antibodies or biologic response modifiers (BRMs) accumulating during storage. Preclinical studies show an increased TRALI risk with longer stored platelets, clinical studies are conflicting. We aim to discover whether longer platelet concentrate (PC) storage time increases TRALI risk in a controlled human experiment. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, 18 healthy male volunteers received a first hit of experimental endotoxemia (2 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide), and a second hit of fresh (2-day old) or aged (7-day old) autologous PC, or physiological saline. After 6 h, changes in TRALI pathways were determined using spirometry, chest X-ray, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). RESULTS All subjects reacted adequately to lipopolysaccharide infusion and satisfied SIRS criteria (increased pulse [>90/min] and temperature [>38°C]). There were no differences between the saline, fresh, and aged PC groups in BAL-fluid protein (95 ± 33 μg/ml; 83 ± 21 μg/ml and 104 ± 29 μg/ml, respectively) and relative neutrophil count (1.5 ± 0.5%; 1.9 ± 0.8% and 1.3 ± 0.8%, respectively), nor in inflammatory BAL-fluid BRMs (Interleukin-6, CXCL8, TNFα , and myeloperoxidase), clinical respiratory parameters, and spirometry results. All chest X-rays were normal. CONCLUSIONS In a human endotoxemia model of autologous platelet transfusion, with an adequate first hit and platelet storage lesion, transfusion of 7-day-old PC does not increase pulmonary inflammation compared with 2-day-old PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor L F van Baarle
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Bruin
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B Bulle
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Mourik
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Endry H T Lim
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M Tuip-de Boer
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annabel Bongers
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit B de Wissel
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christie Vermeulen
- Department of Product and Process Development, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Khik Wie Tan
- Sanquin Blood Bank Location Leiden, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René E Jonkers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Dekker
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara S Dierdorp
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna L Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Biemond
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Dolislager CG, Callahan SM, Donohoe DR, Johnson JG. Campylobacter jejuni induces differentiation of human neutrophils to the CD16 hi /CD62L lo subtype. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1457-1470. [PMID: 35866361 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0322-155rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of neutrophil subtypes has expanded what is known about neutrophil functions, yet there is still much to learn about the role of these subtypes during bacterial infection. We investigated whether Campylobacter jejuni induced differentiation of human neutrophils into the hypersegmented, CD16hi /CD62Llo subtype. In addition, we investigated whether C. jejuni-dependent differentiation of this neutrophil subtype induced cancer-promoting activities of human T cells and colonocytes, which were observed in other studies of hypersegmented, CD16hi /CD62Llo neutrophils. We found that C. jejuni causes a significant shift in human neutrophil populations to the hypersegmented, CD16hi /CD62Llo subtype and that those populations exhibit delayed apoptosis, elevated arginase-1 expression, and increased reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, incubation of C. jejuni-infected neutrophils with human T cells resulted in decreased expression of the ζ-chain of the TCR, which was restored upon supplementation with exogenous l-arginine. In addition, incubation of C. jejuni-infected neutrophils with human colonocytes resulted in increased HIF-1α stabilization and NF-κB activation in those colonocytes, which may result in the up-regulation of protumorigenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean M Callahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dallas R Donohoe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremiah G Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Mal’tseva VN, Gudkov SV, Turovsky EA. Modulation of the Functional State of Mouse Neutrophils by Selenium Nanoparticles In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13651. [PMID: 36362436 PMCID: PMC9655531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to discover the immunomodulatory effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the functional state of neutrophils in vivo. Intraperitoneal injections of SeNPs (size 100 nm) 2.5 mg/kg/daily to BALB/c mice for a duration of 7-28 days led to the development of an inflammatory reaction, which was registered by a significant increase in the number of neutrophils released from the peritoneal cavity, as well as their activated state, without additional effects. At the same time, subcutaneous injections of the same SeNPs preparations at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg, on the contrary, modulated the functional state of neutrophils depending on the concentration and duration of SeNPs administration. With the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, biochemical methods, and PCR analysis, it was found that subcutaneous administration of SeNPs (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg) to mice for a short period of time (7-14 days) leads to modification of important neutrophil functions (adhesion, the number of migrating cells into the peritoneal cell cavity, ROS production, and NET formation). The obtained results indicated the immunostimulatory and antioxidant effects of SeNPs in vivo during short-term administration, while the most pronounced immunomodulatory effects of SeNPs were observed with the introduction of a low concentration of SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg). Increase in the administration time of SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg) up to 28 days led to a decrease in the adhesive abilities of neutrophils and suppression of the expression of mRNA of adhesive molecules, as well as proteins involved in the generation of ROS, with the exception of NOX2; there was a tendency to suppress gene expression pro-inflammatory factors, which indicates the possible manifestation of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of SeNPs during their long-term administration. Changes in the expression of selenoproteins also had features depending on the concentration and duration of the administered SeNPs. Selenoprotein P, selenoprotein M, selenoprotein S, selenoprotein K, and selenoprotein T were the most sensitive to the introduction of SeNPs into the mouse organism, which indicates their participation in maintaining the functional status of neutrophils, and possibly mediated the immunomodulatory effect of SeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina N. Mal’tseva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilove St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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17
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de Fraiture EJ, Vrisekoop N, Leenen LPH, van Wessem KJP, Koenderman L, Hietbrink F. Longitudinal assessment of the inflammatory response: The next step in personalized medicine after severe trauma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:983259. [PMID: 36203773 PMCID: PMC9531720 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.983259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections in trauma patients are an increasing and substantial cause of morbidity, contributing to a mortality rate of 5-8% after trauma. With increased early survival rates, up to 30-50% of multitrauma patients develop an infectious complication. Trauma leads to a complex inflammatory cascade, in which neutrophils play a key role. Understanding the functions and characteristics of these cells is important for the understanding of their involvement in the development of infectious complications. Recently, analysis of neutrophil phenotype and function as complex biomarkers, has become accessible for point-of-care decision making after trauma. There is an intriguing relation between the neutrophil functional phenotype on admission, and the clinical course (e.g., infectious complications) of trauma patients. Potential neutrophil based cellular diagnostics include subsets based on neutrophil receptor expression, responsiveness of neutrophils to formyl-peptides and FcγRI (CD64) expression representing the infectious state of a patient. It is now possible to recognize patients at risk for infectious complications when presented at the trauma bay. These patients display increased numbers of neutrophil subsets, decreased responsiveness to fMLF and/or increased CD64 expression. The next step is to measure these biomarkers over time in trauma patients at risk for infectious complications, to guide decision making regarding timing and extent of surgery and administration of (preventive) antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. de Fraiture
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - N. Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L. P. H. Leenen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - K. J. P. van Wessem
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L. Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - F. Hietbrink
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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18
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Margraf A, Perretti M. Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111824. [PMID: 35681519 PMCID: PMC9180515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a life-saving immune reaction occurring in response to invading pathogens. Nonetheless, inflammation can also occur in an uncontrolled, unrestricted manner, leading to chronic disease and organ damage. Mechanisms triggering an inflammatory response, hindering such a response, or leading to its resolution are well-studied but so far insufficiently elucidated with regard to precise therapeutic interventions. Notably, as an immune reaction evolves, requirements and environments for immune cells change, and thus cellular phenotypes adapt and shift, leading to the appearance of distinct cellular subpopulations with new functional features. In this article, we aim to highlight properties of, and overarching regulatory factors involved in, the occurrence of immune cell phenotypes with a special focus on neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. Additionally, we point out implications for both diagnostics and therapeutics in inflammation research.
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19
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Sendo F, Yoshitake H, Araki Y. Targeting of neutrophil activation in the early phase of the disease for prevention of Coronavirus disease-19 severity. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:264-276. [PMID: 35348252 PMCID: PMC9111295 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of the disease severity seems critical for reducing the mortality of Coronavirus (CoV) disease‐19. The neutrophils play a key role in the induction of severity. It is proposed here that inhibition of neutrophil activation and/or cascade reactions of complement, leading to this cell activation at the early phase of the disease, is a potential tool to inhibit aggravation of the disease. The need for appropriate timing in intervention is emphasized as follows. (1) Intervention at the very early stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 infection may harm the defensive host response to the infection because of the critical function of neutrophils in this response, and (2) intervention at too late a stage will not stop the infiltration of fully activated neutrophils that produce large amounts of toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Yoshitake
- Institute for Environmental & Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Araki
- Institute for Environmental & Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Metcalfe S, Anselmi N, Escobar A, Visser MB, Kay JG. Innate Phagocyte Polarization in the Oral Cavity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:768479. [PMID: 35069541 PMCID: PMC8770816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a complex environment constantly exposed to antigens from food and the oral microbiota. Innate immune cells play an essential role in maintaining health and homeostasis in the oral environment. However, these cells also play a significant role in disease progression. This review will focus on two innate phagocytes in the oral cavity: macrophages and neutrophils, and examine their roles during homeostasis and disease development, with a focus on periodontal disease and cancer. Macrophages have a well-known ability to polarize and be activated towards a variety of phenotypes. Several studies have found that macrophages’ polarization changes can play an essential role in maintaining health in the oral cavity and contribute to disease. Recent data also finds that neutrophils display phenotypic heterogeneity in the oral cavity. In both cases, we focus on what is known about how these cellular changes alter these immune cells’ interactions with the oral microbiota, including how such changes can lead to worsening, rather than improving, disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Metcalfe
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Natalie Anselmi
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle B Visser
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jason G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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21
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Lemaitre J, Desjardins D, Gallouët AS, Gomez-Pacheco M, Bourgeois C, Favier B, Sáez-Cirión A, Le Grand R, Lambotte O. Expansion of Immature Neutrophils During SIV Infection Is Associated With Their Capacity to Modulate T-Cell Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781356. [PMID: 35185880 PMCID: PMC8851599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of the efficacy of combinational antiretroviral treatment (cART), HIV-1 persists in the host and infection is associated with chronic inflammation, leading to an increased risk of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurocognitive disorders, and cancer. Myeloid cells, mainly monocytes and macrophages, have been shown to be involved in the immune activation observed in HIV-1 infection. However, less attention has been paid to neutrophils, the most abundant circulating myeloid cell, even though neutrophils are strongly involved in tissue damage and inflammation in several chronic diseases, in particular, autoimmune diseases. Herein, we performed a longitudinal characterization of neutrophil phenotype and we evaluated the interplay between neutrophils and T cells in the model of pathogenic SIVmac251 experimental infection of cynomolgus macaques. We report that circulating granulocytes consists mainly of immature CD10- neutrophils exhibiting a prime phenotype during primary and chronic infection. We found that neutrophil priming correlates with CD8+ T cell activation. Moreover, we provide the evidence that neutrophils are capable of modulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production in different ways depending on the time of infection. Thus, our study emphasizes the role of primed immature neutrophils in the modulation of T-cell responses in SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lemaitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Mario Gomez-Pacheco
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV inflammation and persistance, Paris, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral and Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Olivier Lambotte,
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22
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Larsson L, Garaicoa-Pazmino C, Asa'ad F, Castilho RM. Understanding the role of endotoxin tolerance in chronic inflammatory conditions and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49:270-279. [PMID: 34970759 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to present the current understanding of endotoxin tolerance (ET) in chronic inflammatory diseases and explores the potential connection with periodontitis. SUMMARY Subsequent exposure to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) triggers ET, a phenomenon regulated by different mechanisms and pathways, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), apoptosis of immune cells, epigenetics, and microRNAs (miRNAs). These mechanisms interconnect ET with chronic inflammatory diseases that include periodontitis. While the direct correlation between ET and periodontal destruction has not been fully elucidated, emerging reports point towards the potential tolerization of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and gingival tissues with a significant reduction of TLR levels. CONCLUSIONS There is a potential link between ET and periodontal diseases. Future studies should explore the crucial role of ET in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases as evidence of a tolerized oral mucosa may represent an intrinsic mechanism capable of regulating the oral immune response. A clear understanding of this host immune regulatory mechanism might lead to effective and more predictable therapeutic strategies to treat chronic inflammatory diseases and periodontitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontology Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Carlos Garaicoa-Pazmino
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,School of Dentistry, Espíritu Santo University, Samborondon, Ecuador
| | - Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Santopolo G, Clemente A, Aranda M, Socias A, del Castillo A, Chica A, Borges M, de la Rica R. Colorimetric Detection of Sepsis-Derived Hyperdegranulation with Plasmonic Nanosensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4443-4450. [PMID: 34793672 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperdegranulation of neutrophilic granulocytes is a common finding in sepsis that directly contributes to the heightened immune response leading to organ dysfunction. Currently, cell degranulation is detected by flow cytometry, which requires large infrastructure that is not always available at the point of care. Here, we propose a plasmonic assay for detecting the degranulation status of septic cells colorimetrically. It is based on triggering the aggregation of gold nanoparticles with cationic granule proteins. Cells from septic patients contain fewer granules and therefore release less cationic proteins than healthy cells. This results in red-colored assays than can be easily detected by eye. The assay can selectively detect cationic granule proteins even in the presence of an excess of unrelated proteins, which is key to detect degranulation with high specificity. Coupling this signal generation mechanism with a magnetic purification step enabled the identification of septic cells with the same performance as flow cytometry. This makes the proposed method a promising alternative for diagnosing sepsis in decentralized healthcare schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santopolo
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Chemistry Department, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Clemente
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Maria Aranda
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Unit, ICU, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, 07198 Palma, Spain
| | - Antonia Socias
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Unit, ICU, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, 07198 Palma, Spain
| | - Alberto del Castillo
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Unit, ICU, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, 07198 Palma, Spain
| | - Aniceta Chica
- Immunology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Marcio Borges
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Unit, ICU, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, 07198 Palma, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Rica
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
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24
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Janakiram NB, Valerio MS, Goldman SM, Dearth CL. The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413552. [PMID: 34948349 PMCID: PMC8705789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite tissue injuries (CTI) are common among US Military Service members during combat operations, and carry a high potential of morbidity. Furthermore, CTI are often complicated due to an altered wound healing response, resulting in part from a dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Unlike normal wound healing, in CTI, disruptions occur in innate immune responses, altering neutrophil functions, macrophage activation and polarization, further impacting the functions of T regulatory cells. Additionally, the biological underpinnings of these unfavorable wound healing conditions are multifactorial, including various processes, such as: ischemia, hypoxia, low nutrient levels, and altered cell metabolic pathways, among others, all of which are thought to trigger anergy in immune cells and destabilize adaptive immune responses. As a result, impaired wound healing is common in CTI. Herein, we review the altered innate and adaptive immune cells and their metabolic status and responses following CTI, and discuss the role a multi-pronged immunomodulatory approach may play in facilitating improved outcomes for afflicted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveena B. Janakiram
- Research & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (N.B.J.); (M.S.V.); (S.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Michael S. Valerio
- Research & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (N.B.J.); (M.S.V.); (S.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Stephen M. Goldman
- Research & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (N.B.J.); (M.S.V.); (S.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Christopher L. Dearth
- Research & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (N.B.J.); (M.S.V.); (S.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(301)-319-2461
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25
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Felsenstein S, Reiff AO. A hitchhiker's guide through the COVID-19 galaxy. Clin Immunol 2021; 232:108849. [PMID: 34563684 PMCID: PMC8461017 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous reviews have summarized the epidemiology, pathophysiology and the various therapeutic aspects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but a practical guide on "how to treat whom with what and when" based on an understanding of the immunological background of the disease stages remains missing. This review attempts to combine the current knowledge about the immunopathology of COVID-19 with published evidence of available and emerging treatment options. We recognize that the information about COVID-19 and its treatment is rapidly changing, but hope that this guide offers those on the frontline of this pandemic an understanding of the host response in COVID-19 patients and supports their ongoing efforts to select the best treatments tailored to their patient's clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Felsenstein
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB, United Kingdom.
| | - Andreas Otto Reiff
- Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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26
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Javdani M, Barzegar A, Khosravian P, Hashemnia M. Evaluation of Inflammatory Response Due to Use of Controlled Release Drug Delivery System of Chitosan Hydrogel Loaded with Buprenorphine and Ketorolac in Rat with Experimental Proximal Tibial Epiphysis Defect. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:996-1011. [PMID: 34666588 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1989728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims:A controlled release drug delivery system loaded with buprenorphine and ketorolac was synthesized and used in the experimental model of bone defect and while evaluating the inflammatory response, the repair process in the defects was investigated.Materials and methods:To determine the effectiveness of the synthesized the mentioned systems, 5 groups were defined; the control group, the chitosan hydrogel receiving group (chitosan group), the ketorolac-loaded chitosan hydrogel group (ketorolac group), the buprenorphine-loaded chitosan hydrogel receiving group (buprenorphine group), and the chitosan hydrogel-loading group loaded with a combination of ketorolac and buprenorphine (ketorolac-buprenorphine group).Results:The results showed that the population of leukocytes (tWBC) and neutrophils on different days of the study in the control group compared to other groups had a significant increase (P < 0.05) while on day 7 of the study in the ketorolac group these parameters decreased significantly compared to other groups (P < 0.05). While examining the histological changes in the experimental defect created in the proximal tibia of rats at different times, some inflammatory indices such as total and differential leukocyte population, plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were compared in different groups (P < 0.05). The various evaluated data showed that among the different groups, in the control and ketorolac-buprenorphine groups, there was the lowest and highest control of inflammatory response and bone repair, respectively.Conclusion:In the ketorolac group due to the impact of ketorolac on leukocyte populations the best bone healing can be expected among the different treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moosa Javdani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegar
- Veterinary Medicine Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Pegah Khosravian
- Medical Plant Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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27
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Bader A, Gao J, Rivière T, Schmid B, Walzog B, Maier-Begandt D. Molecular Insights Into Neutrophil Biology From the Zebrafish Perspective: Lessons From CD18 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677994. [PMID: 34557186 PMCID: PMC8453019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key players in innate immunity and originate from the bone marrow of the adult mammalian organism. In mammals, mature neutrophils are released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood where they circulate until their recruitment to sites of inflammation in a multistep adhesion cascade. Here, adhesion molecules of the β2 integrin family (CD11/CD18) are critically required for the initial neutrophil adhesion to the inflamed endothelium and several post-adhesion steps allowing their extravasation into the inflamed tissue. Within the mammalian tissue, interstitial neutrophil migration can occur widely independent of β2 integrins. This is in sharp contrast to neutrophil recruitment in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) where neutrophils originate from the caudal hematopoietic tissue and mainly migrate interstitially to sites of lesion upon the early onset of inflammation. However, neutrophils extravasate from the circulation to the inflamed tissue in zebrafish larvae at later-time points. Although zebrafish larvae are a widely accepted model system to analyze neutrophil trafficking in vivo, the functional impact of β2 integrins for neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation is completely unknown in this model. In this study, we generated zebrafish with a genetic deletion of CD18, the β subunit of β2 integrins, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Sequence alignments demonstrated a high similarity of the amino acid sequences between zebrafish and human CD18 especially in the functionally relevant I-like domain. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain of CD18 harbors two highly conserved NXXF motifs suggesting that zebrafish CD18 may share functional properties of human CD18. Accordingly, CD18 knock-out (KO) zebrafish larvae displayed the key symptoms of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type I due to defects in ITGB2, the gene for CD18. Importantly, CD18 KO zebrafish larvae showed reduced neutrophil trafficking to sites of sterile inflammation despite the fact that an increased number of neutrophils was detectable in the circulation. By demonstrating the functional importance of CD18 for neutrophil trafficking in zebrafish larvae, our findings shed new light on neutrophil biology in vertebrates and introduce a new model organism for studying LAD type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almke Bader
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jincheng Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thibaud Rivière
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Fish Core Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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28
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Lester A, Vickers GL, Macro L, Gudgeon A, Bonham‐Carter A, Campbell JP, Turner JE. Exercise-induced amplification of mitogen-stimulated oxidative burst in whole blood is strongly influenced by neutrophil counts during and following exercise. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15010. [PMID: 34496147 PMCID: PMC8425910 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the effect of moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise on leukocyte counts, using fingertip sampling, and mitogen-stimulated oxidative burst, measured in whole blood with a point-of-care test. In a randomized crossover design, 13 healthy adults (mean ± SD age: 22 ± 2 years; seven male, six female) cycled for 30-min, once at 52 ± 5% V ˙ O2peak and on another occasion at 74 ± 9% V ˙ O2peak . Blood was sampled at baseline, immediately post-exercise, and 15- and 60-min post-exercise. The leukocyte differential and mitogen-stimulated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were assessed. Lymphocytes increased immediately post-exercise and decreased below pre-exercise levels 15- and 60-min later. Lymphocyte mobilization immediately post-exercise was 59 ± 36% greater with vigorous- compared to moderate-intensity exercise (p < 0.01). Neutrophils increased immediately after exercise (38 ± 19%, p < 0.01) remaining elevated 60-min later (50 ± 34%, p < 0.01; averaged across intensities) and did not differ between intensities (p = 0.259). Mitogen-stimulated ROS production was amplified immediately (+32 ± 37%, p < 0.01) and 60-min post-exercise (+56 ± 57%, p < 0.01; averaged across intensities) compared to rest and did not differ with intensity (p = 0.739). Exercise-induced amplification of ROS production was abolished when correcting for neutrophil, monocyte and platelet counts and correlated most strongly with neutrophil mobilization immediately (r = 0.709, p < 0.01) and 60-min after vigorous exercise (r = 0.687, p < 0.01). Leukocyte kinetics can be assessed using fingertip blood sampling in exercise settings. Exercise-induced amplification of oxidative burst is detectable with a point-of-care test, but results are strongly influenced by neutrophil counts, which may not be routinely quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lester
- Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
| | | | - L. Macro
- Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - A. Gudgeon
- Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
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Rho signaling inhibition mitigates lung injury via targeting neutrophil recruitment and selectin-AKT signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119122. [PMID: 34425130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the early responders of the immune system, eliminate intruders, but their over-activation can also instigate tissue damage leading to various autoimmune and inflammatory disease conditions. As approaches causing neutropenia are associated with immunodeficiency, targeting aberrant neutrophil infiltration offers an attractive strategy in neutrophil-centered diseases including acute lung injury. Rho GTPase family proteins Rho, Rac and Cdc42 play important role as regulators of chemotaxis in diverse systems. Rho inhibitors protected against lung injuries, while genetic Rho-deficiency exhibited neutrophil hyperactivity and exacerbated lung injury. These differential outcomes might be due to distinct effects on different cell types or activation/ inhibition of specific signaling pathways responsible for neutrophil polarity, migration and functions. In this study, we explored neutrophil centric effects of Rho signaling mitigation. Consistent with previous reports, Rho signaling inhibitor Y-27632 provided protection against acute lung injury, but without regulating LPS mediated systemic increase of neutrophils in the circulation. Interestingly, the adoptive transfer approach identified a specific defect in neutrophil migration capacity after Rho signaling mitigation. These defects were associated with loss of polarity and altered actin dynamics identified using time-lapse in vitro studies. Further analysis revealed a rescue of stimulation-dependent L-selectin shedding on neutrophils with Rho signaling inhibitor. Surprisingly, functional blocking of L-selectin (CD62L) led to defective recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed lungs. Further, single-cell level analyses identified MAPK signaling as downstream mechanism of Rho signaling and L-selectin mediated effects. p-AKT levels were diminished in detergent resistance membrane-associated signalosome upon Rho signaling inhibition and blockade of selectin. Moreover, inhibition of AKT signaling as well as selectin blocking led to defects in neutrophil polarity. Together, this study identified Rho-dependent distinct L-selectin and AKT signaling mediated regulation of neutrophil recruitment to inflamed lung tissue.
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Bongers SH, Chen N, van Grinsven E, van Staveren S, Hassani M, Spijkerman R, Hesselink L, Lo Tam Loi AT, van Aalst C, Leijte GP, Kox M, Pickkers P, Hietbrink F, Leenen LPH, Koenderman L, Vrisekoop N. Kinetics of Neutrophil Subsets in Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674079. [PMID: 34248955 PMCID: PMC8265311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At homeostasis the vast majority of neutrophils in the circulation expresses CD16 and CD62L within a narrow expression range, but this quickly changes in disease. Little is known regarding the changes in kinetics of neutrophils phenotypes in inflammatory conditions. During acute inflammation more heterogeneity was found, characterized by an increase in CD16dim banded neutrophils. These cells were probably released from the bone marrow (left shift). Acute inflammation induced by human experimental endotoxemia (LPS model) was additionally accompanied by an immediate increase in a CD62Llow neutrophil population, which was not as explicit after injury/trauma induced acute inflammation. The situation in sub-acute inflammation was more complex. CD62Llow neutrophils appeared in the peripheral blood several days (>3 days) after trauma with a peak after 10 days. A similar situation was found in the blood of COVID-19 patients returning from the ICU. Sorted CD16low and CD62Llow subsets from trauma and COVID-19 patients displayed the same nuclear characteristics as found after experimental endotoxemia. In diseases associated with chronic inflammation (stable COPD and treatment naive HIV) no increases in CD16low or CD62Llow neutrophils were found in the peripheral blood. All neutrophil subsets were present in the bone marrow during homeostasis. After LPS rechallenge, these subsets failed to appear in the circulation, but continued to be present in the bone marrow, suggesting the absence of recruitment signals. Because the subsets were reported to have different functionalities, these results on the kinetics of neutrophil subsets in a range of inflammatory conditions contribute to our understanding on the role of neutrophils in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne H Bongers
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Na Chen
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Erinke van Grinsven
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Selma van Staveren
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marwan Hassani
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roy Spijkerman
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lilian Hesselink
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adèle T Lo Tam Loi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corneli van Aalst
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Guus P Leijte
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Falco Hietbrink
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Ellis JO, Lee BJ, Turner JE. One night of sleep fragmentation does not affect exercise-induced leukocyte trafficking or mitogen-stimulated leukocyte oxidative burst in healthy men. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113506. [PMID: 34174325 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether one night of sleep fragmentation alters circulating leukocyte counts and mitogen-stimulated oxidative burst by leukocytes at rest and in response to an acute bout of vigorous exercise. METHODS In a randomised crossover design, nine healthy men (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 2 years; BMI 24.9 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were exposed to one night of fragmented or uninterrupted sleep before cycling for 45 min at 71% ± 4% V̇O2peak. Finger-tip blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and one-hour post-exercise. Total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils were counted. Leukocyte oxidative burst was assessed in whole blood by measuring Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production with luminol-amplified chemiluminescence after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). RESULTS Exercise elicited the expected trafficking pattern of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Compared to rest, PMA-stimulated ROS production was increased one-hour post-exercise (+73% ± 65%; p = 0.019; data combined for fragmented and uninterrupted sleep). There were no statistically significant effects of fragmented sleep on leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil counts or on ROS production at rest, immediately post-exercise or one-hour post-exercise (p > 0.05). However, with fragmented sleep, there was a +10% greater lymphocytosis immediately post-exercise (fragmented +40% ± 37%; uninterrupted +30% ± 35%; p = 0.51) and a -19% smaller neutrophilia by one-hour post-exercise (fragmented +103% ± 88%; uninterrupted +122% ± 131%; p = 0.72). CONCLUSION Fragmented sleep did not substantially alter the magnitude or pattern of exercise-induced leukocyte trafficking or mitogen-stimulated oxidative burst by leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Ellis
- University of Bath, Department for Health, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Ben J Lee
- Environmental and Occupational Physiology Group, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, UK
| | - James E Turner
- University of Bath, Department for Health, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.
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du Preez K, Rautenbach Y, Hooijberg EH, Goddard A. Oxidative burst and phagocytic activity of phagocytes in canine parvoviral enteritis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:884-893. [PMID: 34148453 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211025513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is a severe disease characterized by systemic inflammation and immunosuppression. The function of circulating phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) in affected dogs has not been fully investigated. We characterized the functional capacity of canine phagocytes in CPE by determining their oxidative burst and phagocytic activities using flow cytometry. Blood was collected from 28 dogs with CPE and 11 healthy, age-matched, control dogs. Oxidative burst activity was assessed by stimulating phagocytes with opsonized Escherichia coli or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and measuring the percentage of phagocytes producing reactive oxygen species and the magnitude of this production. Phagocytosis was measured by incubating phagocytes with opsonized E. coli and measuring the percentage of phagocytes containing E. coli and the number of bacteria per cell. Complete blood counts and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were also determined. Serum CRP concentration was negatively and positively correlated with segmented and band neutrophil concentrations, respectively. Overall, no differences in phagocyte function were found between dogs with CPE and healthy control dogs. However, infected dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA-stimulated oxidative burst activity compared to healthy controls. Additionally, CPE dogs with neutropenia or circulating band neutrophils had decreased PMA- and E. coli-stimulated oxidative burst activity and decreased phagocytosis of E. coli compared to CPE dogs without neutropenia or band neutrophils. We conclude that phagocytes have decreased oxidative burst and phagocytic activity in neutropenic CPE dogs and in CPE dogs with circulating band neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly du Preez
- Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yolandi Rautenbach
- Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emma H Hooijberg
- Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Vitkov L, Muñoz LE, Knopf J, Schauer C, Oberthaler H, Minnich B, Hannig M, Herrmann M. Connection between Periodontitis-Induced Low-Grade Endotoxemia and Systemic Diseases: Neutrophils as Protagonists and Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4647. [PMID: 33925019 PMCID: PMC8125370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a promoter of many systemic diseases, but the signaling pathways of this interconnection remain elusive. Recently, it became evident that certain microbial challenges promote a heightened response of myeloid cell populations to subsequent infections either with the same or other pathogens. This phenomenon involves changes in the cell epigenetic and transcription, and is referred to as ''trained immunity''. It acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). A main modulation driver is the sustained, persistent low-level transmission of lipopolysaccharide from the periodontal pocket into the peripheral blood. Subsequently, the neutrophil phenotype changes and neutrophils become hyper-responsive and prone to boosted formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Cytotoxic neutrophil proteases and histones are responsible for ulcer formations on the pocket epithelium, which foster bacteremia and endoxemia. The latter promote systemic low-grade inflammation (SLGI), a precondition for many systemic diseases and some of them, e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes etc., can be triggered by SLGI alone. Either reverting the polarized neutrophils back to the homeostatic state or attenuation of neutrophil hyper-responsiveness in periodontitis might be an approach to diminish or even to prevent systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Vitkov
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Hannah Oberthaler
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernd Minnich
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
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Effect of acute isooxic hypercapnia on oxidative activity of systemic neutrophils in endotoxemic rabbits. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:47-53. [PMID: 33897283 PMCID: PMC8056343 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Whether carbon dioxide (CO2) affects systemic oxidative phenomena under conditions of endotoxemia is not sufficiently clarified. The study aimed to assess the impact of moderate acute hypercapnia on the respiratory burst of circulating neutrophils in mechanically ventilated endotoxemic rabbits. Material and methods Twenty-four endotoxemic rabbits were mechanically ventilated with standard or CO2-enriched gas mixture in order to obtain isooxic hypercapnia. At a baseline point and following 180 min of hypercapnic ventilation, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of circulating neutrophils and serum 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured. Throughout the study, leukocyte and neutrophil counts, pH status, circulatory parameters and body temperature were also assessed. Results Following 180 min of hypercapnic ventilation, opsonized zymosan (OZ)-stimulated neutrophils showed lower CL vs. the control group (p = 0.004). Other parameters studied were not affected. Conclusions Short-term isooxic hypercapnia in endotoxemic rabbits preserves circulating neutrophil count pattern and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, but it may reduce phagocytosis.
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Mauracher LM, Krall M, Roiß J, Hell L, Koder S, Hofbauer TM, Gebhart J, Hayden H, Brostjan C, Ay C, Pabinger I. Neutrophil subpopulations and their activation potential in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and healthy individuals. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1687-1699. [PMID: 33026085 PMCID: PMC8024003 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with APS are at increased risk of thromboembolism. Neutrophils have been shown to play a role in inducing thrombosis. We aimed to investigate differences in neutrophil subpopulations, their potential of activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation comparing high and low-density neutrophils (HDNs/LDNs) as well as subpopulations in patients with APS and controls to gain deeper insight into their potential role in thrombotic manifestations in patients with APS. METHODS HDNs and LDNs of 20 patients with APS and 20 healthy donors were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and stimulated. Neutrophil subpopulations, their activation and NET release were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS LDNs of both groups showed higher baseline activation, lower response to stimulation (regulation of activation markers CD11b/CD66b), but higher NET formation compared with HDNs. In patients with APS, the absolute number of LDNs was higher compared with controls. HDNs of APS patients showed higher spontaneous activation [%CD11b high: median (interquartile range): 2.78% (0.58-10.24) vs 0.56% (0.19-1.37)] and response to stimulation with ionomycin compared with HDNs of healthy donors [%CD11b high: 98.20 (61.08-99.13) vs 35.50% (13.50-93.85)], whereas no difference was found in LDNs. NET formation was increased in patients' HDNs upon stimulation. CONCLUSION HDNs and LDNs act differently, unstimulated and upon various stimulations in both healthy controls and APS patients. Differences in HDNs and LDNs between patients with APS and healthy controls indicate that neutrophils may enhance the risk of thrombosis in these patients and could thus be a target for prevention of thrombosis in APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Mauracher
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz Krall
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Roiß
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Hell
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Koder
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Hofbauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Gebhart
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hayden
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Vienna, Austria
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Heterogeneous NLRP3 inflammasome signature in circulating myeloid cells as a biomarker of COVID-19 severity. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1523-1534. [PMID: 33683342 PMCID: PMC7942161 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated immune response is the key factor leading to unfavorable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome. Depending on the pathogen-associated molecular pattern, the NLRP3 inflammasome can play a crucial role during innate immunity activation. To date, studies describing the NLRP3 response during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients are lacking. We prospectively monitored caspase-1 activation levels in peripheral myeloid cells from healthy donors and patients with mild to critical COVID-19. The caspase-1 activation potential in response to NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation was opposed between nonclassical monocytes and CD66b+CD16dim granulocytes in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Unexpectedly, the CD66b+CD16dim granulocytes had decreased nigericin-triggered caspase-1 activation potential associated with an increased percentage of NLRP3 inflammasome impaired immature neutrophils and a loss of eosinophils in the blood. In patients who recovered from COVID-19, nigericin-triggered caspase-1 activation potential in CD66b+CD16dim cells was restored and the proportion of immature neutrophils was similar to control. Here, we reveal that NLRP3 inflammasome activation potential differs among myeloid cells and could be used as a biomarker of a COVID-19 patient's evolution. This assay could be a useful tool to predict patient outcome. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04385017.
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Spijkerman R, Hesselink L, Bertinetto C, Bongers CCWG, Hietbrink F, Vrisekoop N, Leenen LPH, Hopman MTE, Jansen JJ, Koenderman L. Refractory neutrophils and monocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after repeated bouts of prolonged exercise. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 100:676-682. [PMID: 33683008 PMCID: PMC9291995 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Neutrophils and monocytes are key immune effector cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is associated with chronic inflammation in the gut. Patients with stable IBD who perform exercise have significantly fewer flare‐ups of the disease, but no underlying mechanism has been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the responsiveness/refractoriness of these innate immune cells after repeated bouts of prolonged exercise in IBD patients and controls. Methods Patients with IBD and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were recruited from a cohort of walkers participating in a 4‐day walking event. Blood analysis was performed at baseline and after 3 days of walking. Responsiveness to the bacterial/mitochondrial‐stimulus N‐Formylmethionine‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLF) was tested in granulocytes and monocytes by measuring the expression of activation markers after adding this stimulus to whole blood. Results In total 38 participants (54 ± 12 years) were included in this study: 19 walkers with and 19 walkers without IBD. After 3 days of prolonged exercise, a significant increase in responsiveness to fMLF was observed in all participants irrespective of disease. However, IBD patients showed significantly less responsiveness in neutrophils and monocytes, compared with non‐IBD walkers. Conclusions Increased responsiveness of neutrophils and monocyte to fMLF was demonstrated after repetitive bouts of prolonged exercise. Interestingly, this exercise was associated with relative refractoriness of both neutrophils and monocytes in IBD patients. These refractory cells might create a lower inflammatory state in the intestine providing a putative mechanism for the decrease in flare‐ups in IBD patients after repeated exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Spijkerman
- Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI)University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
| | - Lillian Hesselink
- Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI)University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
| | - Carlo Bertinetto
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry)Radboud UniversityNijmegenAJThe Netherlands
| | - Coen C. W. G. Bongers
- Department of Physiology Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS)Radboud university medical centerNijmegenGAThe Netherlands
| | - Falco Hietbrink
- Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI)University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
| | - Luke P. H. Leenen
- Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
| | - Maria T. E. Hopman
- Department of Physiology Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS)Radboud university medical centerNijmegenGAThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (Analytical Chemistry)Radboud UniversityNijmegenAJThe Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI)University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtCXThe Netherlands
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Spijkerman R, Bongers SH, Bindels BJJ, Tinnevelt GH, Giustarini G, Jorritsma NKN, Buitenwerf W, van Spengler DEJ, Delemarre EM, Nierkens S, van Goor HMR, Jansen JJ, Vrisekoop N, Hietbrink F, Leenen LPH, Kaasjager KAH, Koenderman L. Flow cytometric evaluation of the neutrophil compartment in COVID-19 at hospital presentation: A normal response to an abnormal situation. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:99-114. [PMID: 33617030 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5cova0820-520rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Critical COVID-19 is thought to be associated with a hyper-inflammatory process that can develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome, a critical disease normally mediated by dysfunctional neutrophils. This study tested the hypothesis whether the neutrophil compartment displays characteristics of hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, a prospective study was performed on all patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting at the emergency room of a large academic hospital. Blood drawn within 2 d after hospital presentation was analyzed by point-of-care automated flow cytometry and compared with blood samples collected at later time points. COVID-19 patients did not exhibit neutrophilia or eosinopenia. Unexpectedly neutrophil activation markers (CD11b, CD16, CD10, and CD62L) did not differ between COVID-19-positive patients and COVID-19-negative patients diagnosed with other bacterial/viral infections, or between COVID-19 severity groups. In all patients, a decrease was found in the neutrophil maturation markers indicating an inflammation-induced left shift of the neutrophil compartment. In COVID-19 this was associated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Spijkerman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne H Bongers
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas J J Bindels
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjen H Tinnevelt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giulio Giustarini
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita K N Jorritsma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe Buitenwerf
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan E J van Spengler
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline M Delemarre
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harriët M R van Goor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Jansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Falco Hietbrink
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A H Kaasjager
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | -
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Teuben M, Heeres M, Blokhuis T, Hollman A, Vrisekoop N, Tan E, Pfeifer R, Pape HC, Koenderman L, Leenen LPH. Instant intra-operative neutropenia despite the emergence of banded (CD16 dim/CD62L bright) neutrophils in peripheral blood - An observational study during extensive trauma-surgery in pigs. Injury 2021; 52:426-433. [PMID: 33208273 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) is an essential step in the development of inflammatory complications upon trauma. Different neutrophil subtypes have been identified recently, however, the role of neutrophil subtypes in immunoregulation upon trauma is unclear. We hypothesize that extensive trauma surgery causes instant progressive heterogeneity of the blood neutrophil pool, and increased appearance of young (CD16dim/CD62Lbright) neutrophils in peripheral blood. MATERIAL AND METHODS A standardized extensive thoraco-abdominal porcine trauma surgery model was utilized, and 12 animals were included. Blood was collected at defined timepoints and neutrophil numbers and subtypes were studied by flowcytometry. Neutrophil subtypes were identified by differences in cell surface expression levels of CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD62L (L-selectin). Porcine neutrophil subtypes were further characterized after flow sorting. RESULTS Eleven animals survived the 3-hour surgical protocol. Neutrophil numbers dropped significantly from a mean of 8,6 ± 3,5 × 106 to 2,4 ± 1,8 × 106 cells/ml during 180 min, (p<0.001). Simultaneously, the blood PMN population became increasingly heterogeneous due to the appearance of new neutrophil subtypes. Cell sorting experiments and cytological analysis revealed that these porcine subtypes had specific morphological characteristics, mimicking their human counterparts. At baseline, 88% ± 1 percent of circulatory PMNs comprised of mature (CD16bright/CD62Lbright) PMNs, while at 3 h the blood PMN pool consisted of 59% ± 2 percent of mature subtypes (p<0.001). Despite a marked drop in neutrophil levels during surgery, absolute and relative numbers of banded (CD16dim/CD62Lbright) neutrophils continued to rise throughout surgery. CONCLUSION Standardized extensive trauma surgery was associated with instant progressive neutropenia and increased heterogeneity of the blood neutrophil pool. Furthermore, three different neutrophil subsets in peripheral porcine blood were identified over the course of surgery. Further studies should clarify their precise role in the development of early organ failure upon extensive trauma surgery. This for the first time exemplifies experimentally the time constraints and impact of damage control surgery after severe trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Teuben
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Trauma, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Laboratory for Translational Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Zurich intoUniversity Hospital Zurich..
| | - Marjolein Heeres
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Trauma, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Laboratory for Translational Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Taco Blokhuis
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Hollman
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Trauma, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, Laboratory for Translational Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Laboratory for Translational Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edward Tan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- University Medical Center Zurich intoUniversity Hospital Zurich
| | | | - Leo Koenderman
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Laboratory for Translational Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luke P H Leenen
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Trauma, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Ciupe SM, Boribong BP, Kadelka S, Jones CN. Bistable Mathematical Model of Neutrophil Migratory Patterns After LPS-Induced Epigenetic Reprogramming. Front Genet 2021; 12:633963. [PMID: 33708241 PMCID: PMC7940759 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.633963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly controlled migration of neutrophils toward the site of an infection can be altered when they are trained with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), with high dose LPS enhancing neutrophil migratory pattern toward the bacterial derived source signal and super-low dose LPS inducing either migration toward an intermediary signal or dysregulation and oscillatory movement. Empirical studies that use microfluidic chemotaxis-chip devices with two opposing chemoattractants showed differential neutrophil migration after challenge with different LPS doses. The epigenetic alterations responsible for changes in neutrophil migratory behavior are unknown. We developed two mathematical models that evaluate the mechanistic interactions responsible for neutrophil migratory decision-making when exposed to competing chemoattractants and challenged with LPS. The first model, which considers the interactions between the receptor densities of two competing chemoattractants, their kinases, and LPS, displayed bistability between high and low ratios of primary to intermediary chemoattractant receptor densities. In particular, at equilibrium, we observe equal receptor densities for low LPS (< 15ng/mL); and dominance of receptors for the primary chemoattractant for high LPS (> 15ng/mL). The second model, which included additional interactions with an extracellular signal-regulated kinase in both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms, has an additional dynamic outcome, oscillatory dynamics for both receptors, as seen in the data. In particular, it found equal receptor densities in the absence of oscillation for super-low and high LPS challenge (< 0.4 and 1.1 376 ng/mL). Predicting the mechanisms and the type of external LPS challenge responsible for neutrophils migration toward pro-inflammatory chemoattractants, migration toward pro-tolerant chemoattractants, or oscillatory movement is necessary knowledge in designing interventions against immune diseases, such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanca M. Ciupe
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brittany P. Boribong
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Kadelka
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline N. Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States
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Cavrak ME, Hass R, Stephens RJ, Adcock A, Petrone AB. Leukocyte Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, and Stroke Mimic. Cureus 2021; 13:e13383. [PMID: 33754106 PMCID: PMC7972806 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The differential diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA) versus mild acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during the initial presentation to the emergency department is often difficult, as the diagnosis of both TIA and AIS relies on the presence of focal neurologic signs. As such, roughly 50% of patients with transient or mild neurologic deficits have an uncertain diagnosis prior to neuroimaging. Biomarkers, particularly leukocyte biomarkers, may be used by clinicians to diagnose mild AIS prior to neuroimaging, and this study is the first to describe the use of leukocyte biomarkers for the differentiation of mild AIS, TIA, and stroke mimic. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients discharged from a local hospital with a discharge diagnosis of either TIA or AIS. Past medical history and complete blood cell count with differential upon admission were collected for all subjects. Statistical analyses were performed to compare immune cell parameters between the two groups. For all comparisons, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of confounding variables, such as age, gender, and medical history for each study variable. Results Of all the immune parameters assessed in this study, the neutrophil percentage was the only significant biomarker that significantly differed between study groups. After adjustment for confounding variables using stepwise logistic regression, mild AIS patients were 5.3 times more likely than TIA cases to have a neutrophil percentage above the normal range. Conclusion Our results suggest that clinicians may utilize neutrophil percentage as an additional piece of information that may aid in their diagnosis of mild AIS versus TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Cavrak
- Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
| | - Rotem Hass
- Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
| | - Ronald J Stephens
- Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
| | - Amelia Adcock
- Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
| | - Ashley B Petrone
- Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
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42
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Pineda GE, Rearte B, Todero MF, Bruballa AC, Bernal AM, Fernandez-Brando RJ, Isturiz MA, Zotta E, Alba-Soto CD, Palermo MS, Ramos MV. Absence of interleukin-10 reduces progression of shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:575-588. [PMID: 33496327 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), a disease triggered by Shiga toxin (Stx), is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and renal failure. The inflammatory response mediated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes is essential to HUS onset. Still, the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines is less clear. The deficiency of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, leads to severe pathology in bacterial infections but also to beneficial effects in models of sterile injury. The aim of this work was to analyze the role of IL-10 during HUS. Control and IL-10 lacking mice (IL-10-/-) were intravenously injected with Stx type 2 (Stx2) and survival rate was evaluated. PMN and circulating and renal pro- and anti-inflammatory factors were analyzed by FACS and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. IL-10-/- mice showed a higher survival associated with lower renal damage reflected by reduced plasma urea and creatinine levels than control mice. Circulating PMN increased at 72 h in both mouse strains accompanied by an up-regulation of CD11b in control mice. In parallel, renal PMN were significantly increased only in control mice after toxin. Plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and corticosterone levels were higher increased in IL-10-/- than control mice. Simultaneously renal TNF-α raised constantly but was accompanied by increased TGF-β levels in IL-10-/- mice. These results demonstrate that the profile of circulating and renal cytokines after Stx2 differed between strains suggesting that balance of these factors could participate in renal protection. We conclude that IL-10 absence has a protective role in an experimental model of HUS by reducing PMN recruitment into kidney and renal damage, and increasing mice survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ezequiel Pineda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de los Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Rearte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Todero
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cecilia Bruballa
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de los Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan Mauro Bernal
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de los Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Jimena Fernandez-Brando
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de los Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Amadeo Isturiz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de los Procesos Inflamatorios, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa Zotta
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Dirney Alba-Soto
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Sandra Palermo
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de los Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Ramos
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de los Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kernien JF, Johnson CJ, Bayless ML, Chovanec JF, Nett JE. Neutrophils From Patients With Invasive Candidiasis Are Inhibited by Candida albicans Biofilms. Front Immunol 2020; 11:587956. [PMID: 33343568 PMCID: PMC7747767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis frequently involves medical device placement. On the surfaces of these devices, Candida can form biofilms and proliferate in adherent layers of fungal cells surrounded by a protective extracellular matrix. Due in part to this extracellular matrix, biofilms resist host defenses and antifungal drugs. Previous work (using neutrophils from healthy donors) found that one mechanism employed to resist host defenses involves the inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. NETs contain nuclear DNA, as well as antimicrobial proteins that can ensnare pathogens too large or aggregated to be effectively killed by phagocytosis. Given that these neutrophil structures are anticipated to have activity against the large aggregates of C. albicans biofilms, understanding the role of this inhibition in patients could provide insight into new treatment strategies. However, prior work has not included patients. Here, we examine NET formation by neutrophils collected from patients with invasive candidiasis. When compared to neutrophils from healthy participants, we show that patient neutrophils exhibit a heightened background level of NET release and respond to a positive stimulus by producing 100% more NETs. However, despite these physiologic differences, patient neutrophil responses to C. albicans were similar to healthy neutrophils. For both groups, planktonic cells induce strong NET release and biofilms inhibit NET formation. These results show that a mechanism of immune evasion for fungal biofilms translates to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Kernien
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chad J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Meg L Bayless
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jack F Chovanec
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeniel E Nett
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Neutrophils and Macrophages as Targets for Development of Nanotherapeutics in Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121222. [PMID: 33348630 PMCID: PMC7766591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages are major components of innate systems, playing central roles in inflammation responses to infections and tissue injury. If they are out of control, inflammation responses can cause the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, such as inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Precisely regulating the functions of neutrophils and macrophages in vivo is a potential strategy to develop immunotherapies to treat inflammatory diseases. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled us to design nanoparticles capable of targeting neutrophils or macrophages in vivo. This review discusses the current status of how nanoparticles specifically target neutrophils or macrophages and how they manipulate leukocyte functions to inhibit their activation for inflammation resolution or to restore their defense ability for pathogen clearance. Finally, we present a novel concept of hijacking leukocytes to deliver nanotherapeutics across the blood vessel barrier. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities in developing nanotherapeutics to target leukocytes for improved treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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ORAI1 and ORAI2 modulate murine neutrophil calcium signaling, cellular activation, and host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24403-24414. [PMID: 32929002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008032117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signals are initiated in immune cells by the process of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), where receptor activation triggers transient calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, followed by opening of plasma-membrane calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels. ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3 are known to comprise the CRAC channel; however, the contributions of individual isoforms to neutrophil function are not well understood. Here, we show that loss of ORAI1 partially decreases calcium influx, while loss of both ORAI1 and ORAI2 completely abolishes SOCE. In other immune-cell types, loss of ORAI2 enhances SOCE. In contrast, we find that ORAI2-deficient neutrophils display decreased calcium influx, which is correlated with measurable differences in the regulation of neutrophil membrane potential via KCa3.1. Decreased SOCE in ORAI1-, ORAI2-, and ORAI1/2-deficient neutrophils impairs multiple neutrophil functions, including phagocytosis, degranulation, leukotriene, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, rendering ORAI1/2-deficient mice highly susceptible to staphylococcal infection. This study demonstrates that ORAI1 and ORAI2 are the primary components of the neutrophil CRAC channel and identifies subpopulations of neutrophils where cell-membrane potential functions as a rheostat to modulate the SOCE response. These findings have implications for mechanisms that modulate neutrophil function during infection, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and cancer.
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Buttari B, Profumo E, Caprari P, Massimi S, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, Gabbianelli M, Riganò R. Phenotypical and functional abnormalities of circulating neutrophils in patients with β-thalassemia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:2265-2277. [PMID: 32803313 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is an inherited single gene disorder related to reduced synthesis of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin. Patients with β-thalassemia present variable clinical severity ranging from asymptomatic trait to severe transfusion-dependent anemia and multiple organs complications. Moreover, multiple immune abnormalities are a major concern in β-thalassemia patients. Aberrant neutrophil effector function plays a pivotal role in infection susceptibility in these patients. In severe and persistent inflammation, immature neutrophils are released from the bone marrow and are functionally different compared with mature ones. Despite some abnormalities reported for thalassemia patient's immune system, few data exist on the characterization of human neutrophils in β-thalassemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotype and function of circulating neutrophil subsets in patients with β-thalassemia major and with β-thalassemia intermedia divided in transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion-dependent. By the use of immunochemical and cytofluorimetric analyses, we observed that patients' CD16+ neutrophils exhibit abnormalities in their phenotype and functions and the abnormalities vary according to the clinical form of the disease and to the neutrophil subset (CD16bright and CD16dim). Abnormalities include altered surface expression of the innate immune receptor CD45, Toll-like receptor 4, and CD32, reduced ability to produce an oxidative burst, and elevated levels of membrane lipid peroxidation, especially in patients with a more severe form of the disease. Overall, our results indicating the occurrence of an immuno-senescent phenotype on circulating neutrophils from thalassemia patients suggest the usefulness of neutrophil feature assessment as a tool for better clinical management of β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Caprari
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Massimi
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sorrentino
- Thalassemia Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, Piazzale dell'Umanesimo, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maffei
- Thalassemia Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, Piazzale dell'Umanesimo, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gabbianelli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Riganò
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Hesselink L, Spijkerman R, Hellebrekers P, van Bourgondiën RJ, Blasse E, Haitjema S, Huisman A, van Solinge WW, Van Wessem KJP, Koenderman L, Leenen LPH, Hietbrink F. Fragile neutrophils in surgical patients: A phenomenon associated with critical illness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236596. [PMID: 32750099 PMCID: PMC7402494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte viability (determined by e.g. propidium iodide [PI] staining) is automatically measured by hematology analyzers to check for delayed bench time. Incidental findings in fresh blood samples revealed the existence of leukocytes with decreased viability in critically ill surgical patients. Not much is known about these cells and their functional and/or clinical implications. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of decreased leukocyte viability, the implications for leukocyte functioning and its relation with clinical outcomes. An automated alarm was set in a routine hematology analyzer (Cell-Dyn Sapphire) for the presence of non-viable leukocytes characterized by increased fluorescence in the PI-channel (FL3:630±30nm). Patients with non-viable leukocytes were prospectively included and blood samples were drawn to investigate leukocyte viability in detail and to investigate leukocyte functioning (phagocytosis and responsiveness to a bacterial stimulus). Then, a retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the incidence of fragile neutrophils in the circulation and clinical outcomes of surgical patients with fragile neutrophils hospitalized between 2013–2017. A high FL3 signal was either caused by 1) neutrophil autofluorescence which was considered false positive, or by 2) actual non-viable PI-positive neutrophils in the blood sample. These two causes could be distinguished using automatically generated data from the hematology analyzer. The non-viable (PI-positive) neutrophils proved to be viable (PI-negative) in non-lysed blood samples, and were therefore referred to as ‘fragile neutrophils’. Overall leukocyte functioning was not impaired in patients with fragile neutrophils. Of the 11 872 retrospectively included surgical patients, 75 (0.63%) were identified to have fragile neutrophils during hospitalization. Of all patients with fragile neutrophils, 75.7% developed an infection, 70.3% were admitted to the ICU and 31.3% died during hospitalization. In conclusion, fragile neutrophils occur in the circulation of critically ill surgical patients. These cells can be automatically detected during routine blood analyses and are an indicator of critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Hesselink
- Department of trauma surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (FH); (LH)
| | - Roy Spijkerman
- Department of trauma surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pien Hellebrekers
- Department of trauma surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Enja Blasse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Huisman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leo Koenderman
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luke P. H. Leenen
- Department of trauma surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Falco Hietbrink
- Department of trauma surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (FH); (LH)
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48
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Brooks D, Barr LC, Wiscombe S, McAuley DF, Simpson AJ, Rostron AJ. Human lipopolysaccharide models provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights into systemic and pulmonary inflammation. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.01298-2019. [PMID: 32299854 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01298-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS continue to be associated with high mortality. A key contributory factor is the rudimentary understanding of the early events in pulmonary and systemic inflammation in humans, which are difficult to study in clinical practice, as they precede the patient's presentation to medical services. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a trigger of inflammation and the dysregulated host response in sepsis. Human LPS models deliver a small quantity of LPS to healthy volunteers, triggering an inflammatory response and providing a window to study early inflammation in humans. This allows biological/mechanistic insights to be made and new therapeutic strategies to be tested in a controlled, reproducible environment from a defined point in time. We review the use of human LPS models, focussing on the underlying mechanistic insights that have been gained by studying the response to intravenous and pulmonary LPS challenge. We discuss variables that may influence the response to LPS before considering factors that should be considered when designing future human LPS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brooks
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Barr
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Wiscombe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony J Rostron
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Mollnes TE, Huber-Lang M. Complement in sepsis-when science meets clinics. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2621-2632. [PMID: 32621378 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by microorganisms represents a dreadful challenge for the immune system. The role of the complement system as major column of innate immunity has been extensively studied in various sepsis models, but its translational value remains in the dark. Complement activation products, such as C3a and C5a, and their corresponding receptors provide useful diagnostic tools and promising targets to improve organ function and outcome. However, a monotherapeutic complement intervention irrespective of the current immune function seems insufficient to reverse the complex sepsis mechanisms. Indeed, sepsis-induced disturbances of cross talking complement, coagulation, and fibrinolytic cascades lead to systemic 'thromboinflammation', ultimately followed by multiple-organ failure. We propose to reliably monitor the complement function in the patient and to re-establish the immune balance by patient-tailored combined therapies, such as complement and Toll-like receptor inhibition. Our working hypothesis aims at blocking the 'explosive' innate immune recognition systems early on before downstream mediators are released and the inflammatory response becomes irreversible, a strategy that we name 'upstream approach'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, Bodø, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Point-of-Care Analysis of Neutrophil Phenotypes: A First Step Toward Immuno-Based Precision Medicine in the Trauma ICU. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0158. [PMID: 32766555 PMCID: PMC7371075 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The amount of tissue damage and the amplitude of the immune response after trauma are related to the development of infectious complications later on. Changes in the neutrophil compartment can be used as read out of the amplitude of the immune response after trauma. The study aim was to test whether 24/7 point-of-care analysis of neutrophil marker expression by automated flow cytometry can be achieved after trauma. Design: A prospective cohort study was performed. Polytrauma patients who developed infectious complications were compared with polytrauma patients who did not develop infectious complications. Setting: The study was performed in a level 1 trauma center. Patients: All trauma patients presented in the trauma bay were included. Interventions: An extra blood tube was drawn from all patients. Thereafter, a member of the trauma team placed the blood tube in the fully automated flow cytometer, which was located in the corner of the trauma room. Next, a modified and tailored protocol for this study was automatically performed. Main Results: The trauma team was able to successfully start the point-of-care automated flow cytometry analysis in 156 of 164 patients, resulting in a 95% success rate. Polytrauma patients who developed infectious complications had a significantly higher %CD16dim/CD62Lbright neutrophils compared with polytrauma patients who did not develop infectious complications (p = 0.002). Area under the curve value for %CD16dim/CD62Lbright neutrophils is 0.90 (0.83–0.97). Conclusions: This study showed the feasibility of the implementation of a fully automated point-of-care flow cytometry system for the characterization of the cellular innate immune response in trauma patients. This study supports the concept that the assessment of CD16dim/CD62Lbright neutrophils can be used for early detection of patients at risk for infectious complications. Furthermore, this can be used as first step toward immuno-based precision medicine of polytrauma patients at the ICU.
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