1
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Nafiz TN, Sankar P, Mishra LK, Rousseau RP, Saqib M, Subbian S, Parihar SP, Mishra BB. Differential requirement of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 in macrophages and neutrophils in the host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4421561. [PMID: 38853986 PMCID: PMC11160921 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4421561/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPR), part of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily, are pivotal in directing phagocyte migration towards chemotactic signals from bacteria and host tissues. Although their roles in acute bacterial infections are well-documented, their involvement in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) remains unexplored. This study investigates the functions of Fpr1 and Fpr2 in defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. Elevated levels of Fpr1 and Fpr2 were found in the lungs of mice, rabbits and peripheral blood of humans infected with Mtb, suggesting a crucial role in the immune response. The effects of Fpr1 and Fpr2 deletion on bacterial load, lung damage, and cellular inflammation were assessed using a TB model of hypervirulent strain of Mtb from the W-Beijing lineage. While Fpr2 deletion showed no impact on disease outcome, Fpr1-deficient mice demonstrated improved bacterial control, especially by macrophages. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from these Fpr1 -/- mice exhibited an enhanced ability to contain bacterial growth over time. Contrarily, treating genetically susceptible mice with Fpr1-specific inhibitors caused impaired early bacterial control, corresponding with increased bacterial persistence in necrotic neutrophils. Furthermore, ex vivo assays revealed that Fpr1 -/- neutrophils were unable to restrain Mtb growth, indicating a differential function of Fpr1 among myeloid cells. These findings highlight the distinct and complex roles of Fpr1 in myeloid cell-mediated immunity against Mtb infection, underscoring the need for further research into these mechanisms for a better understanding of TB immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Noor Nafiz
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Poornima Sankar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lokesh K Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Robert P. Rousseau
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohd Saqib
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Suraj P. Parihar
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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2
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Pandey S, Anang V, Schumacher MM. Mitochondria driven innate immune signaling and inflammation in cancer growth, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:223-247. [PMID: 38782500 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important and multifaceted role in cellular function, catering to the cell's energy and biosynthetic requirements. They modulate apoptosis while responding to diverse extracellular and intracellular stresses including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nutrient and oxygen scarcity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and signaling via surface death receptors. Integral components of mitochondria, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA), Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cardiolipin, and formyl peptides serve as major damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules activate multiple innate immune pathways both in the cytosol [such as Retionoic Acid-Inducible Gene-1 (RIG-1) and Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS)] and on the cell surface [including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)]. This activation cascade leads to the release of various cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and other inflammatory molecules and oxidative species. The innate immune pathways further induce chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment which either promotes survival and proliferation or promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis and therapeutic resistance in the cancer cell's. Chronic activation of innate inflammatory pathways in tumors also drives immunosuppressive checkpoint expression in the cancer cells and boosts the influx of immune-suppressive populations like Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in cancer. Thus, sensing of cellular stress by the mitochondria may lead to enhanced tumor growth. In addition to that, the tumor microenvironment also becomes a source of immunosuppressive cytokines. These cytokines exert a debilitating effect on the functioning of immune effector cells, and thus foster immune tolerance and facilitate immune evasion. Here we describe how alteration of the mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular stress drives innate inflammatory pathways in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - Vandana Anang
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Michelle M Schumacher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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3
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Zhou W, Cao X, Xu Q, Qu J, Sun Y. The double-edged role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e325. [PMID: 37492784 PMCID: PMC10363828 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important immune cells act as the body's first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues. Many studies have demonstrated that neutrophils display plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Clarifying the role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers will contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies. In this review, we have presented a review on the development of the understanding on neutrophil heterogeneity from the traditional perspective and a high-resolution viewpoint. A growing body of evidence has confirmed the double-edged role of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases and tumors. This may be due to a lack of precise understanding of the role of specific neutrophil subsets in the disease. Thus, elucidating specific neutrophil subsets involved in diseases would benefit the development of precision medicine. Thusly, we have summarized the relevance and actions of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers comprehensively. Meanwhile, we also discussed the potential intervention strategy for neutrophils. This review is intended to deepen our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers, while hold promise for precise treatment of neutrophil-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhou
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Xinran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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4
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Jakovija A, Chtanova T. Skin immunity in wound healing and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1060258. [PMID: 37398649 PMCID: PMC10312005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ. It serves as a barrier to pathogen entry and the first site of immune defense. In the event of a skin injury, a cascade of events including inflammation, new tissue formation and tissue remodeling contributes to wound repair. Skin-resident and recruited immune cells work together with non-immune cells to clear invading pathogens and debris, and guide the regeneration of damaged host tissues. Disruption to the wound repair process can lead to chronic inflammation and non-healing wounds. This, in turn, can promote skin tumorigenesis. Tumors appropriate the wound healing response as a way of enhancing their survival and growth. Here we review the role of resident and skin-infiltrating immune cells in wound repair and discuss their functions in regulating both inflammation and development of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnolda Jakovija
- Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent’s School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Forsman H, Wu Y, Mårtensson J, Björkman L, Granberg KL, Dahlgren C, Sundqvist M. AZ2158 is a more potent formyl peptide receptor 1 inhibitor than the commonly used peptide antagonists in abolishing neutrophil chemotaxis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115529. [PMID: 37004778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in phagocytes, recognizes short N-formylated peptides originating from proteins synthesized by bacteria and mitochondria. Such FPR1 agonists are important regulators of neutrophil functions and by that, determinants of inflammatory reactions. As FPR1 is implicated in promoting both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving responses associated with inflammatory diseases, characterization of ligands that potently and selectively modulate FPR1 induced functions might be of high relevance. Accordingly, a number of FPR1 specific antagonists have been identified and shown to inhibit agonist binding or receptor down-stream signaling as well as neutrophil functions such as granule secretion and NADPH oxidase activity. The inhibitory effect on neutrophil chemotaxis induced by FPR1 agonists has generally not been part of basic antagonist characterization. In this study we show that the inhibitory effects on neutrophil chemotaxis of established FPR1 antagonists (i.e., cyclosporin H, BOC1 and BOC2) are limited. Our data demonstrate that the recently described small molecule AZ2158 is a potent and selective FPR1 antagonist in human neutrophils. In contrast to the already established FPR1 antagonists, AZ2158 also potently inhibits chemotaxis. Whereas the cyclosporin H inhibition was agonist selective, AZ2158 inhibited the FPR1 response induced by both a balanced and a biased FPR1 agonist equally well. In accordance with the species specificity described for many FPR1 ligands, AZ2158 was not recognized by the mouse orthologue of FPR1. Our data demonstrate that AZ2158 may serve as an excellent tool compound for further mechanistic studies of human FPR1 mediated activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenneth L Granberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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6
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Abstract
Human and murine neutrophils differ with respect to representation in blood, receptors, nuclear morphology, signaling pathways, granule proteins, NADPH oxidase regulation, magnitude of oxidant and hypochlorous acid production, and their repertoire of secreted molecules. These differences often matter and can undermine extrapolations from murine studies to clinical care, as illustrated by several failed therapeutic interventions based on mouse models. Likewise, coevolution of host and pathogen undercuts fidelity of murine models of neutrophil-predominant human infections. However, murine systems that accurately model the human condition can yield insights into human biology difficult to obtain otherwise. The challenge for investigators who employ murine systems is to distinguish models from pretenders and to know when the mouse provides biologically accurate insights. Testing with human neutrophils observations made in murine systems would provide a safeguard but is not always possible. At a minimum, studies that use exclusively murine neutrophils should have accurate titles supported by data and restrict conclusions to murine neutrophils and not encompass all neutrophils. For now, the integration of evidence from studies of neutrophil biology performed using valid murine models coupled with testing in vitro of human neutrophils combines the best of both approaches to elucidate the mysteries of human neutrophil biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Nauseef
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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7
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Release of immunomodulatory peptides at bacterial membrane interfaces as a novel strategy to fight microorganisms. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103056. [PMID: 36822328 PMCID: PMC10074799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic and amphiphilic peptides can be used as homing devices to accumulate conjugated antibiotics to bacteria-enriched sites and promote efficient microbial killing. However, just as important as tackling bacterial infections, is the modulation of the immune response in this complex microenvironment. In the present report, we designed a peptide chimaera called Chim2, formed by a membrane-active module, an enzyme hydrolysis site, and a formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist. This molecule was designed to adsorb onto bacterial membranes, promote their lysis, and upon hydrolysis by local enzymes, release the FPR2 agonist sequence for activation and recruitment of immune cells. We synthesized the isolated peptide modules of Chim2 and characterized their biological activities independently and as a single polypeptide chain. We conducted antimicrobial assays, along with other tests aiming at the analyses of the cellular and immunological responses. In addition, assays using vesicles as models of eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes were conducted, and solution structures of Chim2 were generated by 1H NMR. Chim2 is antimicrobial, adsorbs preferentially to negatively charged vesicles while adopting an α-helix structure, and exposes its disorganized tail to the solvent, which facilitates hydrolysis by tryptase-like enzymes, allowing the release of the FPR2 agonist fragment. This fragment was shown to induce accumulation of the cellular activation marker, lipid bodies, in mouse macrophages and the release of immunomodulatory interleukins. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that peptides with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities can be considered for further development as drugs.
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8
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Liu X, Dou G, Li Z, Wang X, Jin R, Liu Y, Kuang H, Huang X, Yang X, Yang X, Liu S, Wu M, Guo H, Ding F, Xu H, Liu S, Jin Y, Xuan K. Hybrid Biomaterial Initiates Refractory Wound Healing via Inducing Transiently Heightened Inflammatory Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105650. [PMID: 35603963 PMCID: PMC9313498 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in triggering regeneration, while inadequate or chronic inflammation hinders the regenerative process, resulting in refractory wounds. Inspired by the ideal regeneration mode in lower vertebrates and the human oral mucosa, realigning dysregulated inflammation to a heightened and acute response provides a promising option for refractory wound therapy. Neutrophils play important roles in inflammation initiation and resolution. Here, a hybrid biomaterial is used to stimulate transiently heightened inflammatory responses by precise tempospatial regulation of neutrophil recruitment and apoptosis. The hybrid biomaterial (Gel@fMLP/SiO2 -FasL) is constructed by loading of formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP) and FasL-conjugated silica nanoparticles (SiO2 -FasL) into a pH-responsive hydrogel matrix. This composition enables burst release of fMLP to rapidly recruit neutrophils for heightened inflammation initiation. After neutrophils act to produce acids, the pH-responsive hydrogel degrades to expose SiO2 -FasL, which induces activated neutrophils apoptosis via FasL-Fas signaling triggering timely inflammation resolution. Apoptotic neutrophils are subsequently cleared by macrophages, and this efferocytosis activates key signalings to promote macrophage anti-inflammatory phenotypic transformation to drive regeneration. Ultimately, Gel@fMLP/SiO2 -FasL successfully promotes tissue regeneration by manipulating inflammation in critical-sized calvarial bone defects and diabetic cutaneous wound models. This work provides a new strategy for refractory wound therapy via inducing transiently heightened inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesShenyang110002China
| | - Geng Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation and College of PharmacyGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning530021China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool and Hospital of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesShenyang110002China
| | - Huijuan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiaoyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiaoshan Yang
- Stomatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Siying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Meiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Haokun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Preventive DentistrySchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
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9
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3167-3192. [PMID: 35578969 PMCID: PMC10074426 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Dahdah A, Johnson J, Gopalkrishna S, Jaggers RM, Webb D, Murphy AJ, Hanssen NMJ, Hanaoka BY, Nagareddy PR. Neutrophil Migratory Patterns: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795784. [PMID: 35309915 PMCID: PMC8924299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The body's inflammatory response involves a series of processes that are necessary for the immune system to mitigate threats from invading pathogens. Leukocyte migration is a crucial process in both homeostatic and inflammatory states. The mechanisms involved in immune cell recruitment to the site of inflammation are numerous and require several cascades and cues of activation. Immune cells have multiple origins and can be recruited from primary and secondary lymphoid, as well as reservoir organs within the body to generate an immune response to certain stimuli. However, no matter the origin, an important aspect of any inflammatory response is the web of networks that facilitates immune cell trafficking. The vasculature is an important organ for this trafficking, especially during an inflammatory response, mainly because it allows cells to migrate towards the source of insult/injury and serves as a reservoir for leukocytes and granulocytes under steady state conditions. One of the most active and vital leukocytes in the immune system's arsenal are neutrophils. Neutrophils exist under two forms in the vasculature: a marginated pool that is attached to the vessel walls, and a demarginated pool that freely circulates within the blood stream. In this review, we seek to present the current consensus on the mechanisms involved in leukocyte margination and demargination, with a focus on the role of neutrophil migration patterns during physio-pathological conditions, in particular diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Darren Webb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nordin M. J. Hanssen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Centrum, Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Y. Hanaoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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11
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Sun Z, Huang W, Zheng Y, Liu P, Yang W, Guo Z, Kong D, Lv Q, Zhou X, Du Z, Jiang H, Jiang Y. Fpr2/CXCL1/2 Controls Rapid Neutrophil Infiltration to Inhibit Streptococcus agalactiae Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786602. [PMID: 34899755 PMCID: PMC8652123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B streptococcus (GBS), can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia, making it a pathogen that can increase the risk of death in newborns and immunodeficient individuals. Neutrophils are the first barrier to a host's innate immune defense against these infections. Fpr2(Formyl peptide receptor 2) is an important chemotactic receptor of neutrophils, though its activation would cause pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we found that mice without Fpr2 receptor were highly susceptible to GBS infections. These mice demonstrated decreased chemotaxis to neutrophils, decreased bactericidal ability of neutrophils, and high mortality. RNA-seq and Luminex assay indicated that Fpr2 activates key signal molecules downstream and produces chemokines CXCL1/2 to chemotaxis neutrophils. Like Fpr2-/-, CXCL1/2 or neutrophil depletion impairs host's ability to defend against GBS infection. Altogether, these data indicate that Fpr2 contributes to a host's ability to control GBS infection and that a lack of Fpr2 was associated with selective impairment during the production of chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 as well as neutrophil recruitment. Here, We clarified that Fpr2, as a chemotactic receptor, could not only directly chemotactic neutrophils, but also regulate the production of chemokines to control infection by chemotactic neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zinan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Stimulation of the Migration and Expansion of Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cells by the FPR2-Specific Peptide WKYMVm. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111248. [PMID: 34833124 PMCID: PMC8622362 DOI: 10.3390/life11111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into different nervous system cells. Mouse NSCs (mNSCs) are useful tools for studying neurogenesis and the therapeutic applications of neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), expressed in the central nervous system and brain, is involved in the migration and differentiation of murine embryonic-derived NSCs. In this study, we explored the effect of FPR2 activation in adult mNSCs using the synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met-NH2 (WKYMVm), an agonist of FPR2. After isolation of NSCs from the subventricular zone of the adult mouse brain, they were cultured in two culture systems—neurospheres or adherent monolayers—to demonstrate the expression of NSC markers and phenotypes. Under different conditions, mNSCs differentiated into neurons and glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Treatment with WKYMVm stimulated the chemotactic migration of mNSCs. Moreover, WKYMVm-treated mNSCs were found to promote proliferation; this result was confirmed by the expansion of mNSCs in Matrigel and the increase in the number of Ki67-positive cells. Incubation of mNSCs with WKYMVm in a supplement-free medium enhanced the survival rate of the mNSCs. Together, these results suggest that WKYMVm-induced activation of FPR2 stimulates cellular responses in adult NSCs.
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13
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Araújo TG, Mota STS, Ferreira HSV, Ribeiro MA, Goulart LR, Vecchi L. Annexin A1 as a Regulator of Immune Response in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:2245. [PMID: 34571894 PMCID: PMC8464935 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a 37 kDa phospholipid-binding protein that is expressed in many tissues and cell types, including leukocytes, lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Although Annexin A1 has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory activity, it has been shown that, in the cancer context, its activity switches from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. Remarkably, Annexin A1 shows pro-invasive and pro-tumoral properties in several cancers either by eliciting autocrine signaling in cancer cells or by inducing a favorable tumor microenvironment. Indeed, the signaling of the N-terminal peptide of AnxA1 has been described to promote the switching of macrophages to the pro-tumoral M2 phenotype. Moreover, AnxA1 has been described to prevent the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response and to play an essential role in the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes. In this way, Annexin A1 inhibits the anti-tumor immunity and supports the formation of an immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. For these reasons, in this review we aim to describe the role of Annexin A1 in the establishment of the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory activities of Annexin A1 and on its interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Sara Teixeira Soares Mota
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Matheus Alves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
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14
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Hamilton J, Mohamed M, Witt B, Wimmer M, Shafikhani S. Therapeutic assessment of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in reducing periprosthetic joint infection. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 42:122-138. [PMID: 34435345 PMCID: PMC8459619 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v042a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many preventive measures, including prophylactic antibiotics, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a devastating complication following arthroplasty, leading to pain, suffering, morbidity and substantial economic burden. Humans have a powerful innate immune system that can effectively control infections, if alerted quickly. Unfortunately, pathogens use many mechanisms to dampen innate immune responses. The study hypothesis was that immunomodulators that can jumpstart and direct innate immune responses (particularly neutrophils) at the surgical site of implant placement would boost immune responses and reduce PJI, even in the absence of antibiotics. To test this hypothesis, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (a potent chemoattractant for phagocytic leukocytes including neutrophils) was used in a mouse model of PJI with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Mice receiving intramedullary femoral implants were divided into three groups: i) implant alone; ii) implant + S. aureus; iii) implant + fMLP + S. aureus. fMLP treatment reduced S. aureus infection levels by ~ 2-Log orders at day 3. Moreover, fMLP therapy reduced infection-induced peri-implant periosteal reaction, focal cortical loss and areas of inflammatory infiltrate in mice distal femora at day 10. Finally, fMLP treatment reduced pain behaviour and increased weight-bearing at the implant leg in infected mice at day 10. Data indicated that fMLP therapy is a promising novel approach for reducing PJI, if administered locally at surgical sites. Future work will be toward further enhancement and optimisation of an fMLP-based therapeutic approach through combination with antibiotics and/or implant coating with fMLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Hamilton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - M.F. Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - B.R. Witt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - M.A. Wimmer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA
| | - S.H. Shafikhani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA,Address for correspondence: Sasha H. Shafikhani, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612-3806, USA. Telephone number: +1 3129421368
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15
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Phillips-Farfán B, Gómez-Chávez F, Medina-Torres EA, Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Carvajal-Aguilera K, Camacho L. Microbiota Signals during the Neonatal Period Forge Life-Long Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158162. [PMID: 34360926 PMCID: PMC8348731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota regulates immunological development during early human life, with long-term effects on health and disease. Microbial products include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), formyl peptides (FPs), polysaccharide A (PSA), polyamines (PAs), sphingolipids (SLPs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. Anti-inflammatory SCFAs are produced by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia by undigested-carbohydrate fermentation. Thus, fiber amount and type determine their occurrence. FPs bind receptors from the pattern recognition family, those from commensal bacteria induce a different response than those from pathogens. PSA is a capsular polysaccharide from B. fragilis stimulating immunoregulatory protein expression, promoting IL-2, STAT1 and STAT4 gene expression, affecting cytokine production and response modulation. PAs interact with neonatal immunity, contribute to gut maturation, modulate the gut–brain axis and regulate host immunity. SLPs are composed of a sphingoid attached to a fatty acid. Prokaryotic SLPs are mostly found in anaerobes. SLPs are involved in proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation as signaling molecules. The AhR is a transcription factor regulating development, reproduction and metabolism. AhR binds many ligands due to its promiscuous binding site. It participates in immune tolerance, involving lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells during early development in exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (F.G.-C.); (J.A.V.-V.)
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico
- Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | | | | | - Karla Carvajal-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Luz Camacho
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Mori T, Hazekawa M, Yoshida M, Nishinakagawa T, Uchida T, Ishibashi D. Enhancing the anticancer efficacy of a LL-37 peptide fragment analog using peptide-linked PLGA conjugate micelles in tumor cells. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120891. [PMID: 34324984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
LL-37, a well-known antimicrobial human peptide, is a cationic peptide that provides an important antimicrobial defense mechanism in damaged skin. Accumulating evidence indicates that LL-37 also displays an anticancer effect in colon cancer, gastric cancer, hematologic malignancy and oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, anticancer activity of LL-37 peptide fragment analogs has not been reported. Poor intercellular translocation may be one of the causes for this lack of observed anticancer activity. In this study, a LL-37 peptide fragment analog with cysteine at the N-terminus was conjugated with the biodegradable polymer, lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), using the thiol group of cysteine. The purpose of this study was to improve the cell permeability of the peptide using a micellar system and then evaluate the anticancer activity. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to evaluate the anticancer activity in four cancer cell lines with high metastasis, HM-1, B16/BL6, HeLa, and HepG2. The LL-37 fragment peptide analog-linked PLGA conjugate was shown to effectively inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and had increased cell permeability in all the cancer cell lines, compared with the peptide alone. These results suggested that LL-37 fragment peptide analog (CKR12)-linked PLGA conjugate micelles could be useful in the development of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Mori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mai Hazekawa
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Miyako Yoshida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishinakagawa
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uchida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishibashi
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Ali SG, Shehwar D, Alam MR. Mitoxantrone Inhibits FMLP-Induced Degenerative Changes in Human Neutrophils. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Formyl peptide receptor 2, as an important target for ligands triggering the inflammatory response regulation: a link to brain pathology. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1004-1019. [PMID: 34105114 PMCID: PMC8413167 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. Among them, FPR2 is a low affinity receptor for N-formyl peptides and is considered the most promiscuous member of FPRs. FPR2 is able to recognize a broad variety of endogenous or exogenous ligands, ranging from lipid to proteins and peptides, including non-formylated peptides. Due to this property FPR2 has the ability to modulate both pro- and anti-inflammatory response, depending on the nature of the bound agonist and on the different recognition sites of the receptor. Thus, FPR2 takes part not only in the proinflammatory response but also in the resolution of inflammation (RoI) processes. Recent data have indicated that the malfunction of RoI may be the background for some central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Therefore, much interest is focused on endogenous molecules called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), as well as on new synthetic FPR2 agonists, which kick-start the resolution of inflammation (RoI) and modulate its course. Here, we shed some light on the general characteristics of the FPR family in humans and in the experimental animals. Moreover, we present a guide to understanding the "double faced" action of FPR2 activation in the context of immune-related diseases of the CNS.
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19
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Regulation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Formyl Peptide Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease Progression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030243. [PMID: 33804219 PMCID: PMC7998928 DOI: 10.3390/life11030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most important regulators of cardiac function and are commonly targeted for medical therapeutics. Formyl-Peptide Receptors (FPRs) are members of the GPCR superfamily and play an emerging role in cardiovascular pathologies. FPRs can modulate oxidative stress through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production whose dysregulation has been observed in different cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, many studies are focused on identifying molecular mechanisms of the regulation of ROS production. FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3 belong to the FPRs family and their stimulation triggers phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules and nonsignaling proteins that are required for NADPH oxidase activation. Some FPR agonists trigger inflammatory processes, while other ligands activate proresolving or anti-inflammatory pathways, depending on the nature of the ligands. In general, bacterial and mitochondrial formylated peptides activate a proinflammatory cell response through FPR1, while Annexin A1 and Lipoxin A4 are anti-inflammatory FPR2 ligands. FPR2 can also trigger a proinflammatory pathway and the switch between FPR2-mediated pro- and anti-inflammatory cell responses depends on conformational changes of the receptor upon ligand binding. Here we describe the detrimental or beneficial effects of the main FPR agonists and their potential role as new therapeutic and diagnostic targets in the progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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20
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Ji J, Fan J. Neutrophil in Reverse Migration: Role in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656039. [PMID: 33790916 PMCID: PMC8006006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. During the development and progression of sepsis, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundantly recruited innate immune cells at sites of infection, playing critical roles in the elimination of local infection and healing of the injury. PMN reverse migration (rM) describes the phenomenon in which PMNs migrate away from the inflammatory site back into the vasculature following the initial PMN infiltration. The functional role of PMN rM within inflammatory scenarios requires further exploration. Current evidence suggests that depending on the context, PMN rM can be both a protective response, by facilitating an efficient resolution to innate immune reaction, and also a tissue-damaging event. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the mechanism and roles of PMN rM in inflammation and sepsis. A comprehensive understanding of PMN rM may allow for the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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21
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Huang Y, Zheng WJ, Ni YS, Li MS, Chen JK, Liu XH, Tan XH, Li JQ. Therapeutic mechanism of Toujie Quwen granules in COVID-19 based on network pharmacology. BioData Min 2020; 13:15. [PMID: 32983259 PMCID: PMC7512049 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-020-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese medicine Toujie Quwen granule (TJQW) has proven to be effective in the treatment of mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases by relieving symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and boosting the recovery of patients. But the bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of TJQW for COVID-19 prevention and treatment are unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of TJQW in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on an integrated network pharmacology approach. Methods TCMSP were used to search and screen the active ingredients in TJQW. The Swiss TargetPrediction was used to predict the potential targets of active ingredients. Genes co-expressed with ACE2 were considered potential therapeutic targets on COVID-19. Venn diagram was created to show correlative targets of TJQW against COVID-19. Cytoscape was used to construct a “drug-active ingredient-potential target” network, STRING were used to construct protein-protein interaction network, and cytoHubba performed network topology analysis. Enrichment of biological functions and signaling pathways of core targets was performed by using the clusterProfiler package in R software and ClueGO with CluePedia plugins in Cytoscape. Results A total of 156 active ingredients were obtained through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness screenings. Two hundred twenty-seven potential targets of TJQW were related to COVID-19. The top ten core targets are EGFR, CASP3, STAT3, ESR1, FPR2, F2, BCL2L1, BDKRB2, MPO, and ACE. Based on that, we obtained 19 key active ingredients: umbelliprenin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, praeruptorin E, stigmasterol, and oroxylin A. And the enrichment analysis obtained multiple related gene ontology functions and signaling pathways. Lastly, we constructed a key network of “drug-component-target-biological process-signaling pathway”. Our findings suggested that TJQW treatment for COVID-19 was associated with elevation of immunity and suppression of inflammatory stress, including regulation of inflammatory response, viral process, neutrophil mediated immunity, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study uncovered the pharmacological mechanism underlying TJQW treatment for COVID-19. These results should benefit efforts for people around the world to gain more knowledge about Chinese medicine TJQW in the treatment of this vicious epidemic COVID-19, and help to address this pressing problem currently facing the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Zheng
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Shi Ni
- The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-Sha Li
- Tianhe Shadong Street Community Healthcare Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kun Chen
- Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Hua Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Li
- Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Wu BC, Skovbakke SL, Masoudi H, Hancock REW, Franzyk H. In vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Lipidated Peptidomimetics Pam-(Lys-βNspe) 6-NH 2 and Lau-(Lys-βNspe) 6-NH 2 Against PMA-Induced Acute Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2102. [PMID: 32983167 PMCID: PMC7485003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Host Defense Peptides (HDPs) are key components of innate immunity that exert antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and immunomodulatory activities in all higher organisms. Synthetic peptidomimetic analogs were designed to retain the desirable pharmacological properties of HDPs while having improved stability toward enzymatic degradation, providing enhanced potential for therapeutic applications. Lipidated peptide/β-peptoid hybrids [e.g., Pam-(Lys-βNspe)6-NH2 (PM1) and Lau-(Lys-βNspe)6-NH2 (PM2)] are proteolytically stable HDP mimetics displaying anti-inflammatory activity and formyl peptide receptor 2 antagonism in human and mouse immune cells in vitro. Here PM1 and PM2 were investigated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced acute mouse ear inflammation model. Topical administration of PM1 or PM2 led to attenuated PMA-induced ear edema, reduced local production of the pro-inflammatory chemokines MCP-1 and CXCL-1 as well as the cytokine IL-6. In addition, diminished neutrophil infiltration into PMA-inflamed ear tissue and suppressed local release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were observed upon treatment. The obtained results show that these two peptidomimetics exhibit anti-inflammatory effects comparable to that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, and hence possess a potential for treatment of inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing C Wu
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah L Skovbakke
- Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hamid Masoudi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Cussell PJ, Gomez Escalada M, Milton NG, Paterson AW. The N-formyl peptide receptors: contemporary roles in neuronal function and dysfunction. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1191-1198. [PMID: 31960798 PMCID: PMC7047793 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) were first identified upon phagocytic leukocytes, but more than four decades of research has unearthed a plethora of non-myeloid roles for this receptor family. FPRs are expressed within neuronal tissues and markedly in the central nervous system, where FPR interactions with endogenous ligands have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as neurological cancers such as neuroblastoma. Whilst the homeostatic function of FPRs in the nervous system is currently undefined, a variety of novel physiological roles for this receptor family in the neuronal context have been posited in both human and animal settings. Rapid developments in recent years have implicated FPRs in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation which, upon greater characterisation, could represent a novel pharmacological target for neuronal regeneration therapies that may be used in the treatment of brain/spinal cord injury, stroke and neurodegeneration. This review aims to summarize the recent progress made to determine the physiological role of FPRs in a neuronal setting, and to put forward a case for FPRs as a novel pharmacological target for conditions of the nervous system, and for their potential to open the door to novel neuronal regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J.G. Cussell
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Margarita Gomez Escalada
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Nathaniel G.N. Milton
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew W.J. Paterson
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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24
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Hendriks RW. A soluble allergen sensor sounds the alarm. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:724-726. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Ge Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Xia F, Wan J, Lu J, Ye RD. Dual modulation of formyl peptide receptor 2 by aspirin‐triggered lipoxin contributes to its anti‐inflammatory activity. FASEB J 2020; 34:6920-6933. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903206r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau Special Administrative Region China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Junlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau Special Administrative Region China
| | - Fangbo Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau Special Administrative Region China
| | - Jian‐Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau Special Administrative Region China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau Special Administrative Region China
| | - Richard D. Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau Special Administrative Region China
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
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26
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Liang W, Chen K, Gong W, Yoshimura T, Le Y, Wang Y, Wang JM. The Contribution of Chemoattractant GPCRs, Formylpeptide Receptors, to Inflammation and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32038501 PMCID: PMC6993212 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of inflammatory responses is leukocyte mobilization, which is mediated by pathogen and host released chemotactic factors that activate Gi-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors (GPCRs) on host cell surface. Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs, Fprs in mice) are members of the chemoattractant GPCR family, shown to be critical in myeloid cell trafficking during infection, inflammation, immune responses, and cancer progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that both human FPRs and murine Fprs are involved in a number of patho-physiological processes because of their expression on a wide variety of cell types in addition to myeloid cells. The unique capacity of FPRs (Fprs) to interact with numerous structurally unrelated chemotactic ligands enables these receptors to participate in orchestrated disease initiation, progression, and resolution. One murine Fpr member, Fpr2, and its endogenous agonist peptide, Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), have been demonstrated as key mediators of colon mucosal homeostasis and protection from inflammation and associated tumorigenesis. Recent availability of genetically engineered mouse models greatly expanded the understanding of the role of FPRs (Fprs) in pathophysiology that places these molecules in the list of potential targets for therapeutic intervention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
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27
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Fu T, Mohan M, Brennan EP, Woodman OL, Godson C, Kantharidis P, Ritchie RH, Qin CX. Therapeutic Potential of Lipoxin A 4 in Chronic Inflammation: Focus on Cardiometabolic Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:43-55. [PMID: 32259087 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that failure to resolve inflammation may contribute to the progression of many chronic inflammatory disorders. It has been suggested targeting the resolution of inflammation might be a novel therapeutic approach for chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetic complications, and cardiometabolic disease. Lipoxins [LXs] are a class of endogenously generated mediators that promote the resolution of inflammation. Biological actions of LXs include inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, promotion of macrophage polarization, increase of macrophage efferocytosis, and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that LXs and synthetic analogues protect tissues from acute and chronic inflammation. The mechanism includes down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), inhibition of the activation of the master pro-inflammatory pathway (e.g., nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway) and increased release of the pro-resolving cytokines (e.g., interleukin-10). Three generations of LXs analogues are well described in the literature, and more recently a fourth generation has been generated that appears to show enhanced potency. In this review, we will briefly discuss the potential therapeutic opportunity provided by lipoxin A4 as a novel approach to treat chronic inflammatory disorders, focusing on cardiometabolic disease and the current drug development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fu
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Muthukumar Mohan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eoin P Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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28
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Esfandiyari R, Halabian R, Behzadi E, Sedighian H, Jafari R, Imani Fooladi AA. Performance evaluation of antimicrobial peptide ll-37 and hepcidin and β-defensin-2 secreted by mesenchymal stem cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02652. [PMID: 31687504 PMCID: PMC6820248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are secreted by different cell types and are trendy therapeutic agents that have attracted attention for the treatment of several diseases such as infections. Antimicrobial peptides exert various mechanisms such as changing cell membrane permeability which leads to inhibition or death of bacterial cells. mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are key to produce antimicrobial peptides and to inhibit the growth of pathogens. These cells have been shown to be capable of producing antimicrobial peptides upon exposure to different bacteria. As a result, antimicrobial peptides can be considered as novel agents for the treatment of infectious diseases. The purpose of this review was to investigate the targets and mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides secreted by MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Esfandiyari
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Jafari
- Department of Radiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hu J, Xu L, Shou T, Chen Q. Systematic analysis identifies three-lncRNA signature as a potentially prognostic biomarker for lung squamous cell carcinoma using bioinformatics strategy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:614-635. [PMID: 31737498 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.09.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the second most common histological subtype of lung cancer (LC), and the prognoses of most LUSC patients are so far still very poor. The present study aimed at integrating lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA expression data to identify lncRNA signature in competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network as a potentially prognostic biomarker for LUSC patients. Methods Gene expression data and clinical characteristics of LUSC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and were integratedly analyzed using bioinformatics methods including Differentially Expressed Gene Analysis (DEGA), Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Protein and Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis and ceRNA network construction. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in ceRNA network were performed to predict the overall survival (OS) in LUSC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of multivariate Cox regression model. Gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) was used to validate key genes. Results WGCNA showed that turquoise module including 1,694 DElncRNAs, 2,654 DEmRNAs as well as 113 DEmiRNAs was identified as the most significant modules (cor=0.99, P<1e-200), and differentially expressed RNAs in the module were used to subsequently analyze. PPI network analysis identified FPR2, GNG11 and ADCY4 as critical genes in LUSC, and survival analysis revealed that low mRNA expression of FPR2 and GNG11 resulted in a higher OS rate of LUSC patients. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network including 121 DElncRNAs, 18 DEmiRNAs and 3 DEmRNAs was established, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of those 121 DElncRNAs showed a group of 3 DElncRNAs (TTTY16, POU6F2-AS2 and CACNA2D3-AS1) had significantly prognostic value in OS of LUSC patients. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the 3-lncRNA signature associated with 3-year survival was 0.629. Conclusions The current study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-related regulatory mechanisms underlying LUSC, and identifying 3-lncRNA signature may serve as a potentially prognostic biomarker in predicting the OS of LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Lutong Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tao Shou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Peiseler M, Kubes P. More friend than foe: the emerging role of neutrophils in tissue repair. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2629-2639. [PMID: 31205028 DOI: 10.1172/jci124616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in humans and serve as first responders to a myriad of host perturbations. Equipped with a plethora of antimicrobial molecules, neutrophils invade sites of inflammation to eradicate pathogens and clear debris. Traditionally, neutrophils were thought to cause collateral tissue damage before dying at the site. However, the presence of neutrophil infiltration into sterile injuries (in the absence of infections) suggests additional roles for these cells. Now, the view of neutrophils as indiscriminate killers seems to be changing as evolving evidence suggests that neutrophils actively orchestrate resolution of inflammation and contribute to tissue repair. Novel concepts include the idea that neutrophils are key to revascularization and subsequently reverse-transmigrate back to the vasculature, actively leaving sites of tissue damage to re-home to functional niches in the lung and bone marrow. This Review scrutinizes the role of neutrophils in tissue damage and repair, discussing recent findings and raising unresolved questions around this intriguing immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Peiseler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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31
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Cussell PJG, Howe MS, Illingworth TA, Gomez Escalada M, Milton NGN, Paterson AWJ. The formyl peptide receptor agonist FPRa14 induces differentiation of Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells into multiple distinct morphologies which can be specifically inhibited with FPR antagonists and FPR knockdown using siRNA. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217815. [PMID: 31170199 PMCID: PMC6553754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) have been identified within neuronal tissues and may serve as yet undetermined functions within the nervous system. The FPRs have been implicated in the progression and invasiveness of neuroblastoma and other cancers. In this study the effects of the synthetic FPR agonist FPRa14, FPR antagonists and FPR knockdown using siRNA on mouse neuroblastoma neuro2a (N2a) cell differentiation plus toxicity were examined. The FPRa14 (1-10μM) was found to induce a significant dose-dependent differentiation response in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells. Interestingly, three distinct differentiated morphologies were observed, with two non-archetypal forms observed at the higher FPRa14 concentrations. These three forms were also observed in the human neuroblastoma cell-lines IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y when exposed to 100μM FPRa14. In N2a cells combined knockdown of FPR1 and FPR2 using siRNA inhibited the differentiation response to FPRa14, suggesting involvement of both receptor subtypes. Pre-incubating N2a cultures with the FPR1 antagonists Boc-MLF and cyclosporin H significantly reduced FPRa14-induced differentiation to near baseline levels. Meanwhile, the FPR2 antagonist WRW4 had no significant effect on FPRa14-induced N2a differentiation. These results suggest that the N2a differentiation response observed has an FPR1-dependent component. Toxicity of FPRa14 was only observed at higher concentrations. All three antagonists used blocked FPRa14-induced toxicity, whilst only siRNA knockdown of FPR2 reduced toxicity. This suggests that the toxicity and differentiation involve different mechanisms. The demonstration of neuronal differentiation mediated via FPRs in this study represents a significant finding and suggests a role for FPRs in the CNS. This finding could potentially lead to novel therapies for a range of neurological conditions including neuroblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and neuropathic pain. Furthermore, this could represent a potential avenue for neuronal regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. G. Cussell
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Howe
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Illingworth
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nathaniel G. N. Milton
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. J. Paterson
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wei F, Gong W, Wang J, Yang Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Cao J. Role of the lipoxin A4 receptor in the development of neutrophil extracellular traps in Leishmania infantum infection. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:275. [PMID: 31142352 PMCID: PMC6542009 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils play an immunomodulatory role through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are released in response to Leishmania infection, but the mechanism of NET extrusion has not been elucidated. The lipoxin A4 receptor on neutrophils is crucial for the inflammatory response and immune regulation of many diseases, including Leishmania infection. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to explore whether Leishmania infantum promastigotes stimulate neutrophil activation and NET release via activating the lipoxin A4 receptor. RESULTS Leishmania infantum promastigotes stimulated neutrophil activity, but blocking of the lipoxin A4 receptor with its antagonist Boc prior to L. infantum stimulation abrogated these effects. Neutrophils showed citrullinated histone H3 expression and simultaneous NET extrusion on L. infantum stimulation, but a decline in both was observed on blocking of the lipoxin A4 receptor. Moreover, differentiated HL-60 cells with lipoxin A4 receptor silencing showed a decrease in citrullinated histone H3 expression as compared to the unsilenced HL-60 samples on stimulation with promastigotes. CONCLUSIONS Leishmania infantum promastigotes altered the characteristics of neutrophils and induced NET extrusion by activating the lipoxin A4 receptor. The lipoxin A4 receptor may have potential as a therapeutic target in relation to NET extrusion in the treatment of leishmaniasis, but its mechanisms of action need to be explored in more depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Wei
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenci Gong
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junyun Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuetao Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Bajwa E, Pointer CB, Klegeris A. The Role of Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Chronic Neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4050796. [PMID: 31065234 PMCID: PMC6466851 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been established as a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders that contributes to disease pathology by causing impaired cellular energy production. Mitochondrial molecules released into the extracellular space following neuronal damage or death may also play a role in these diseases by acting as signaling molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondrial DAMPs have been shown to initiate proinflammatory immune responses from nonneuronal glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes; thereby, they have the potential to contribute to the chronic neuroinflammation present in these disorders accelerating the degeneration of neurons. In this review, we highlight the mitochondrial DAMPs cytochrome c (CytC), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and cardiolipin and explore their potential role in the central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, which are characterized by neurodegeneration and chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Caitlin B. Pointer
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Yoshimura T, McLean MH, Dzutsev AK, Yao X, Chen K, Huang J, Gong W, Zhou J, Xiang Y, H Badger J, O'hUigin C, Thovarai V, Tessarollo L, Durum SK, Trinchieri G, Bian XW, Wang JM. The Antimicrobial Peptide CRAMP Is Essential for Colon Homeostasis by Maintaining Microbiota Balance. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:2174-2185. [PMID: 29440355 PMCID: PMC5931736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Commensal bacteria are critical for physiological functions in the gut, and dysbiosis in the gut may cause diseases. In this article, we report that mice deficient in cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) were defective in the development of colon mucosa and highly sensitive to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-elicited colitis, as well as azoxymethane-mediated carcinogenesis. Pretreatment of CRAMP-/- mice with antibiotics markedly reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis, suggesting CRAMP as a limiting factor on dysbiosis in the colon. This was supported by observations that wild-type (WT) mice cohoused with CRAMP-/- mice became highly sensitive to DSS-induced colitis, and the composition of fecal microbiota was skewed by CRAMP deficiency. In particular, several bacterial species that are typically found in oral microbiota, such as Mogibacterium neglectum, Desulfovibrio piger, and Desulfomicrobium orale, were increased in feces of CRAMP-/- mice and were transferred to WT mice during cohousing. When littermates of CRAMP+/- parents were examined, the composition of the fecal microbiota of WT pups and heterozygous parents was similar. In contrast, although the difference in fecal microbiota between CRAMP-/- and WT pups was small early on after weaning and single mouse housing, there was an increasing divergence with prolonged single housing. These results indicate that CRAMP is critical in maintaining colon microbiota balance and supports mucosal homeostasis, anti-inflammatory responses, and protection from carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teizo Yoshimura
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702;
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mairi H McLean
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Amiran K Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Yi Xiang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jonathan H Badger
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Colm O'hUigin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Vishal Thovarai
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702;
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35
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Chen YC, Lin MC, Lee CH, Liu SF, Wang CC, Fang WF, Chao TY, Wu CC, Wei YF, Chang HC, Tsen CC, Chen HC. Defective formyl peptide receptor 2/3 and annexin A1 expressions associated with M2a polarization of blood immune cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:69. [PMID: 29544524 PMCID: PMC5856198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controversy exists in previous studies on macrophage M1/M2 polarization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that formyl peptide receptor (FPR), a marker of efferocytosis and mediator of M1/M2 polarization, may be involved in the development of COPD. Methods We examined FPR 1/2/3 expressions of blood M1/M2a monocyte, neutrophil, natural killer (NK) cell, NK T cell, T helper (Th) cell, and T cytotoxic (Tc) cell by flowcytometry method in 40 patients with cigarette smoking-related COPD and 16 healthy non-smokers. Serum levels of five FPR ligands were measured by ELISA method. Results The COPD patients had lower M2a percentage and higher percentages of NK, NK T, Th, and Tc cells than the healthy non-smokers. FPR2 expressions on Th/Tc cells, FPR3 expressions of M1, M2a, NK, NK T, Th, and Tc cells, and serum annexin A1 (an endogenous FPR2 ligand) levels were all decreased in the COPD patients as compared with that in the healthy non-smokers. FPR1 expression on neutrophil was increased in the COPD patient with a high MMRC dyspnea scale, while FPR2 expression on neutrophil and annexin A1 were both decreased in the COPD patients with a history of frequent moderate exacerbation (≥ 2 events in the past 1 year). In 10 COPD patients whose blood samples were collected again after 1-year treatment, M2a percentage, FPR3 expressions of M1/NK/Th cells, FPR2 expression on Th cell, and FPR1 expression on neutrophil were all reversed to normal, in parallel with partial improvement in small airway dysfunction. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for defective FPR2/3 and annexin A1 expressions that, associated with decreased M2a polarization, might be involved in the development of cigarette smoking induced persistent airflow limitation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Che Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Medical Department, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Medical Department, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Medical Department, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-yi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Fang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-yi, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Chao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chien Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chih Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Tsen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen K, Bao Z, Gong W, Tang P, Yoshimura T, Wang JM. Regulation of inflammation by members of the formyl-peptide receptor family. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:64-77. [PMID: 28689639 PMCID: PMC5705339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with a variety of diseases. The hallmark of inflammation is leukocyte infiltration at disease sites in response to pathogen- or damage-associated chemotactic molecular patterns (PAMPs and MAMPs), which are recognized by a superfamily of seven transmembrane, Gi-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on cell surface. Chemotactic GPCRs are composed of two major subfamilies: the classical GPCRs and chemokine GPCRs. Formyl-peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the classical chemotactic GPCR subfamily with unique properties that are increasingly appreciated for their expression on diverse host cell types and the capacity to interact with a plethora of chemotactic PAMPs and MAMPs. Three FPRs have been identified in human: FPR1-FPR3, with putative corresponding mouse counterparts. FPR expression was initially described in myeloid cells but subsequently in many non-hematopoietic cells including cancer cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that FPRs possess multiple functions in addition to controlling inflammation, and participate in the processes of many pathophysiologic conditions. They are not only critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking, but are also implicated in tissue repair, angiogenesis and protection against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. A series recent discoveries have greatly expanded the scope of FPRs in host defense which uncovered the essential participation of FPRs in step-wise trafficking of myeloid cells including neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in host responses to bacterial infection, tissue injury and wound healing. Also of great interest is the FPRs are exploited by malignant cancer cells for their growth, invasion and metastasis. In this article, we review the current understanding of FPRs concerning their expression in a vast array of cell types, their involvement in guiding leukocyte trafficking in pathophysiological conditions, and their capacity to promote the differentiation of immune cells, their participation in tumor-associated inflammation and cancer progression. The close association of FPRs with human diseases and cancer indicates their potential as targets for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zhiyao Bao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peng Tang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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37
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Winther M, Holdfeldt A, Sundqvist M, Rajabkhani Z, Gabl M, Bylund J, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. Formyl peptide derived lipopeptides disclose differences between the receptors in mouse and men and call the pepducin concept in question. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185132. [PMID: 28934373 PMCID: PMC5608352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A pepducin is a lipopeptide containing a peptide sequence that is identical to one of the intracellular domains of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) assumed to be the target. Neutrophils express two closely related formyl peptide receptors belonging to the family of GPCRs; FPR1 and FPR2 in human and their respective orthologue Fpr1 and Fpr2 in mouse. By applying the pepducin concept, we have earlier identified FPR2 activating pepducins generated from the third intracellular loop of FPR2. The third intracellular loop of FPR2 differs in two amino acids from that of FPR1, seven from Fpr2 and three from Fpr1. Despite this, we found that pepducins generated from FPR1, FPR2, Fpr1 and Fpr2 all targeted FPR2 in human neutrophils and Fpr2 in mouse, but with different modulating outcomes. Whereas the FPR1/Fpr1 derived pepducins inhibited the FPR2 function in human neutrophils, they activated Fpr2 in mouse. The FPR2 derived pepducin activated FPR2/Fpr2, whereas the pepducin generated from Fpr2 inhibited both FPR2 and Fpr2. In summary, our data demonstrate that pepducins generated from the third intracellular loop of human FPR1/2 and mouse Fpr1/2, all targeted FPR2 in human and Fpr2 in mouse. With respect to the modulating outcomes, pepducin inhibitors identified for FPR2 are in fact activators for Fpr2 in mouse neutrophils. Our data thus questions the validity of pepducin concept regarding their receptor selectivity but supports the notion that FPR2/Fpr2 may recognize a lipopeptide molecular pattern, and highlight the differences in ligand recognition profile between FPR2 and its mouse orthologue Fpr2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Winther
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zahra Rajabkhani
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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38
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Skovbakke SL, Holdfeldt A, Nielsen C, Hansen AM, Perez-Gassol I, Dahlgren C, Forsman H, Franzyk H. Combining Elements from Two Antagonists of Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Generates More Potent Peptidomimetic Antagonists. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6991-6997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Line Skovbakke
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Nielsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Anna Mette Hansen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Iris Perez-Gassol
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen East, Denmark
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Honokiol suppresses formyl peptide-induced human neutrophil activation by blocking formyl peptide receptor 1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6718. [PMID: 28751674 PMCID: PMC5532207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) mediates bacterial and mitochondrial N-formyl peptides-induced neutrophil activation. Therefore, FPR1 is an important therapeutic target for drugs to treat septic or sterile inflammatory diseases. Honokiol, a major bioactive compound of Magnoliaceae plants, possesses several anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we show that honokiol exhibits an inhibitory effect on FPR1 binding in human neutrophils. Honokiol inhibited superoxide anion generation, reactive oxygen species formation, and elastase release in bacterial or mitochondrial N-formyl peptides (FPR1 agonists)-activated human neutrophils. Adhesion of FPR1-induced human neutrophils to cerebral endothelial cells was also reduced by honokiol. The receptor-binding results revealed that honokiol repressed FPR1-specific ligand N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys-fluorescein binding to FPR1 in human neutrophils, neutrophil-like THP-1 cells, and hFPR1-transfected HEK293 cells. However, honokiol did not inhibit FPR2-specific ligand binding to FPR2 in human neutrophils. Furthermore, honokiol inhibited FPR1 agonist-induced calcium mobilization as well as phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK in human neutrophils. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that honokiol may have therapeutic potential for treating FPR1-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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40
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Neutrophil migration in infection and wound repair: going forward in reverse. Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 16:378-91. [PMID: 27231052 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil migration and its role during inflammation has been the focus of increased interest in the past decade. Advances in live imaging and the use of new model systems have helped to uncover the behaviour of neutrophils in injured and infected tissues. Although neutrophils were considered to be short-lived effector cells that undergo apoptosis in damaged tissues, recent evidence suggests that neutrophil behaviour is more complex and, in some settings, neutrophils might leave sites of tissue injury and migrate back into the vasculature. The role of reverse migration and its contribution to resolution of inflammation remains unclear. In this Review, we discuss the different cues within tissues that mediate neutrophil forward and reverse migration in response to injury or infection and the implications of these mechanisms to human disease.
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41
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Hou XL, Ji CD, Tang J, Wang YX, Xiang DF, Li HQ, Liu WW, Wang JX, Yan HZ, Wang Y, Zhang P, Cui YH, Wang JM, Bian XW, Liu W. FPR2 promotes invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells and predicts the prognosis of patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3153. [PMID: 28600569 PMCID: PMC5466646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a classical chemoattractant receptor of G-protein-coupled receptors, is reported to be involved in invasion and metastasis of some cancers, but the role of FPR2 in gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that the levels of FPR2 expression in GC were positively correlated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and negatively correlated with the patients’ overall survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that FPR2 expression was an independent prognostic marker for GC patients. FPR2-knockdown significantly abrogated the migration and invasion stimulated by Hp(2–20) and Ac(2–26), two well-characterized ligands for FPR2 in GC cells. FPR2 deletion also reduced the tumorigenic and metastatic capabilities of GC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, stimulation with FPR2 ligands resulted in down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin, which were reversed by FPR2 knock-down, implying the involvement of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, the activation of FPR2 was accompanied with ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which could be attenuated by FPR2 silencing or treatment with MEK inhibitor, PD98059. Altogether, our results demonstrate that FPR2 is functionally involved in invasion and metastasis, and potentially acts as a novel prognostic marker as well as a potential therapeutic target in human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lu Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 105th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Ji
- Institute of Pathology & Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 105th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Institute of Pathology & Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dong-Fang Xiang
- Institute of Pathology & Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hai-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 105th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 105th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Jiao-Xue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 105th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - He-Zhong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 105th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology & Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Pathology & Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology & Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ji-Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology & Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 105th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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Bihler K, Kress E, Esser S, Nyamoya S, Tauber SC, Clarner T, Stope MB, Pufe T, Brandenburg LO. Formyl Peptide Receptor 1-Mediated Glial Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:232-243. [PMID: 28466255 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte pathology, and concomitant glia activation. Unclear are the factors triggering gliosis and demyelination. New findings suggest an important role of the innate immune response in the initiation and progression of active demyelinating lesions. The innate immune response is induced by pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns, which are identified by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the G-protein coupled with formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). Glial cells, the immune cells of the central nervous system, also express the PRRs. In this study, we used the cuprizone mice model to investigate the expression of the FPR1 in the course of cuprizone-induced demyelination In addition, we used FPR1-deficient mice to analyze glial cell activation through immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR in cuprizone model. Our results revealed a significantly increased expression of FPR1 in the cortex of cuprizone-treated mice. FPR1-deficient mice showed a slight but significant decrease of demyelination in the corpus callosum compared to the wild-type mice. Furthermore, FPR1 deficiency resulted in reduced glial cell activation and mRNA expression of microglia/macrophages markers, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cortex, compared to wild-type mice after cuprizone-induced demyelination. Combined together, these results suggest that the FPR1 is an important part of the innate immune response in the course of cuprizone-induced demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bihler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Kress
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stella Nyamoya
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars-Ove Brandenburg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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43
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Christensen SB, Hansen AM, Franzyk H. On-resin N-formylation of peptides: a head-to-head comparison of reagents in solid-phase synthesis of ligands for formyl peptide receptors. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:410-415. [PMID: 28421689 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
4-Nitrophenyl formate was found to be the most convenient reagent in solid-phase formylation of peptides with a high formylation degree within 20 min to 3 h depending on reaction temperature and length of peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bendt Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Mette Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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He HQ, Ye RD. The Formyl Peptide Receptors: Diversity of Ligands and Mechanism for Recognition. Molecules 2017; 22:E455. [PMID: 28335409 PMCID: PMC6155412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein-coupled receptors that transduce chemotactic signals in phagocytes and mediate host-defense as well as inflammatory responses including cell adhesion, directed migration, granule release and superoxide production. In recent years, the cellular distribution and biological functions of FPRs have expanded to include additional roles in homeostasis of organ functions and modulation of inflammation. In a prototype, FPRs recognize peptides containing N-formylated methionine such as those produced in bacteria and mitochondria, thereby serving as pattern recognition receptors. The repertoire of FPR ligands, however, has expanded rapidly to include not only N-formyl peptides from microbes but also non-formyl peptides of microbial and host origins, synthetic small molecules and an eicosanoid. How these chemically diverse ligands are recognized by the three human FPRs (FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3) and their murine equivalents is largely unclear. In the absence of crystal structures for the FPRs, site-directed mutagenesis, computer-aided ligand docking and structural simulation have led to the identification of amino acids within FPR1 and FPR2 that interact with several formyl peptides. This review article summarizes the progress made in the understanding of FPR ligand diversity as well as ligand recognition mechanisms used by these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qiong He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
| | - Richard D Ye
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
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45
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Kim SH, Kim YN, Jang YS. Cutting Edge: LL-37-Mediated Formyl Peptide Receptor-2 Signaling in Follicular Dendritic Cells Contributes to B Cell Activation in Peyer's Patch Germinal Centers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:629-633. [PMID: 27974458 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Peyer's patches (PPs) are the major mucosal immune-inductive site, and germinal centers (GCs) in PPs determine the quality of the Abs produced. PP GCs are continuously induced by the gut microbiota, and their maintenance contributes to the induction of strong IgA responses to Ags. In this study, we investigated the role of formyl peptide receptor (FPR)-mediated signaling in the maintenance of PP GCs, because FPRs recognize the microbiota and initiate an innate immune response by chemotaxis. We found that follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), a key organizer of B cell follicles and GCs in mucosal immunity, express Fpr2. Additionally, Fpr2-mediated signaling in PP FDCs promoted Cxcl13 and B cell activating factor expression, as well as B cell proliferation and activation. Therefore, we suggest that Fpr2-mediated signaling in FDCs plays a key role in GC maintenance in PPs and results in an Ag-specific IgA response in the gut mucosal immune compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hae Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; and.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Yu Na Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; and .,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Xiang Y, Yao X, Chen K, Wang X, Zhou J, Gong W, Yoshimura T, Huang J, Wang R, Wu Y, Shi G, Bian X, Wang J. The G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptor FPR2 promotes malignant phenotype of human colon cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2599-2610. [PMID: 27904774 PMCID: PMC5126276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptor formylpeptide receptor-2 (FPR2 in human, Fpr2 in mice) is expressed by mouse colon epithelial cells and plays a critical role in mediating mucosal homeostasis and inflammatory responses. However, the biological role of FPR2 in human colon is unclear. Our investigation revealed that a considerable number of human colon cancer cell lines expressed FPR2 and its ligands promoted cell migration and proliferation. Human colon cancer cell lines expressing high levels of FPR2 also formed more rapidly growing tumors in immunocompromised mice as compared with cell lines expressing lower levels of FPR2. Knocking down of FPR2 from colon cancer cell lines highly expressing FPR2 reduced their tumorigenicity. Clinically, FPR2 is more highly expressed in progressive colon cancer, associated with poorer patient prognosis. These results suggest that FPR2 can be high-jacked by colon cancer cells for their growth advantage, thus becoming a potential target for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiafei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Sciences, Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044, China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederick, MD 21702, USA
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Dahlgren C, Gabl M, Holdfeldt A, Winther M, Forsman H. Basic characteristics of the neutrophil receptors that recognize formylated peptides, a danger-associated molecular pattern generated by bacteria and mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 114:22-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Holdfeldt A, Skovbakke SL, Winther M, Gabl M, Nielsen C, Perez-Gassol I, Larsen CJ, Wang JM, Karlsson A, Dahlgren C, Forsman H, Franzyk H. The Lipidated Peptidomimetic Lau-((S)-Aoc)-(Lys-βNphe)6-NH2 Is a Novel Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Agonist That Activates Both Human and Mouse Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19888-99. [PMID: 27422818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils expressing formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) play key roles in host defense, immune regulation, and resolution of inflammation. Consequently, the search for FPR2-specific modulators has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic potential. Earlier described agonists for this receptor display potent activity for the human receptor (FPR2) but low activity for the mouse receptor orthologue (Fpr2), rendering them inapplicable in murine models of human disease. Here we describe a novel FPR2 agonist, the proteolytically stable α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrid Lau-((S)-Aoc)-(Lys-βNphe)6-NH2 (F2M2), showing comparable potency in activating human and mouse neutrophils by inducing a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and assembly of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. This FPR2/Fpr2 agonist contains a headgroup consisting of a 2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) residue acylated with lauric acid (C12 fatty acid), which is linked to a peptide/peptoid repeat ((Lys-βNphe)6-NH2). Both the fatty acid moiety and the (S)-Aoc residue were required for FPR2/Fpr2 activation. This type of proteolytically stable FPR2-specific peptidomimetics may serve as valuable tools for future analysis of FPR2 signaling as well as for development of prophylactic immunomodulatory therapy. This novel class of cross-species FPR2/Fpr2 agonists should enable translation of results obtained with mouse neutrophils (and disease models) into enhanced understanding of human inflammatory and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Holdfeldt
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Sarah Line Skovbakke
- the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and
| | - Malene Winther
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Michael Gabl
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Christina Nielsen
- the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and
| | - Iris Perez-Gassol
- the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and
| | - Camilla Josephine Larsen
- the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- the Cancer and Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Anna Karlsson
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden,
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, and
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49
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Gabl M, Holdfeldt A, Winther M, Oprea T, Bylund J, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. A pepducin designed to modulate P2Y2R function interacts with FPR2 in human neutrophils and transfers ATP to an NADPH-oxidase-activating ligand through a receptor cross-talk mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1228-37. [PMID: 26996596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be activated or inhibited in a specific manner by membrane-permeable pepducins, which are short palmitoylated peptides with amino acid sequences identical to an intracellular domain of the receptor to be targeted. Unlike the endogenous P2Y2R agonist ATP, the P2Y2PalIC2 pepducin, which has an amino acid sequence corresponding to the second intracellular loop of the human ATP receptor (P2Y2R), activated the superoxide anion-generating NADPH-oxidase in neutrophils. In addition to having a direct effect on neutrophils, the P2Y2R pepducin converted naïve neutrophils to a primed state, which secondarily responded to ATP by producing superoxide. A pepducin with a peptide identical to the third intracellular loop of P2Y2R (P2Y2PalIC3) exhibited the same basic functions as P2Y2PalIC2, whereas one with a peptide that was identical to the first intracellular loop (P2Y2PalIC1) lacked these functions. The responses induced in neutrophils by the P2Y2R pepducins were not inhibited by the P2Y2R antagonist AR-C118925, and the receptor desensitization profile suggested the involvement of FPR2 rather than P2Y2R. Accordingly, antagonists/inhibitors of FPR2 attenuated the activities of the P2Y2R pepducins, which also selectively activated FPR2-overexpressing cells. In summary, we show that pepducins supposed to target P2Y2R activate human neutrophils through FPR2. We also show that the P2Y2PalIC2 pepducin can convert ATP from a non-activating agent to a potent neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activator. The molecular basis of this phenomenon involves cross-talk between the receptor/ligand pairs of P2Y2R/ATP and FPR2/P2Y2-pepducin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malene Winther
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tudor Oprea
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Translational Informatics Division, UNM Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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