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Nath A, Chakrabarti P, Sen S, Barui A. Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics and Function. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2328-2350. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Singh V, Ahlawat S, Mohan H, Gill SS, Sharma KK. Balancing reactive oxygen species generation by rebooting gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4112-4129. [PMID: 35199405 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; free radical form O2 •‾ , superoxide radical; OH• , hydroxyl radical; ROO• , peroxyl; RO• , alkoxyl and non-radical form 1 O2 , singlet oxygen; H2 O2 , hydrogen peroxide) are inevitable companions of aerobic life with crucial role in gut health. But, overwhelming production of ROS can cause serious damage to biomolecules. In this review, we have discussed several sources of ROS production that can be beneficial or dangerous to the human gut. Microorganisms, organelles and enzymes play crucial role in ROS generation, where, NOX1 is the main intestinal enzyme, which produce ROS in the intestine epithelial cells. Previous studies have reported that probiotics play significant role in gut homeostasis by checking the ROS generation, maintaining the antioxidant level, immune system and barrier protection. With current knowledge, we have critically analyzed the available literature and presented the outcome in the form of bubble maps to suggest the probiotics that help in controlling the ROS-specific intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. Finally, it has been concluded that rebooting of the gut microbiota with probiotics, postbiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can have crucial implications in the structuring of gut communities for the personalized management of the gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandna Singh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shruti Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.,Presently at SGT University, Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugr, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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3
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Koenis DS, Beegun I, Jouvene CC, Aguirre GA, Souza PR, Gonzalez-Nunez M, Ly L, Pistorius K, Kocher HM, Ricketts W, Thomas G, Perretti M, Alusi G, Pfeffer P, Dalli J. Disrupted Resolution Mechanisms Favor Altered Phagocyte Responses in COVID-19. Circ Res 2021; 129:e54-e71. [PMID: 34238021 PMCID: PMC8336787 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Resolution mechanisms are central in both the maintenance of homeostasis and the return to catabasis following tissue injury and infections. Among the proresolving mediators, the essential fatty acid-derived specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) govern immune responses to limit disease severity. Notably, little is known about the relationship between the expression and activity of SPM pathways, circulating phagocyte function and disease severity in patients infected with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Duco Steven Koenis
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Issa Beegun
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Camille Jouvene
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Amador Aguirre
- Barts Cancer Institute (G.A.A., H.M.K.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Regina Souza
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Nunez
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ly
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly Pistorius
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Barts Cancer Institute (G.A.A., H.M.K.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - William Ricketts
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (W.R., G.T., P.P.)
| | - Gavin Thomas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (W.R., G.T., P.P.)
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.P., J.D.)
| | - Ghassan Alusi
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Pfeffer
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (W.R., G.T., P.P.)
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute (D.S.K., I.B., C.C.J., P.R.S., M.G.N., L.L., K.P., M.P., G.A., P.P., J.D.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.P., J.D.)
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4
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Jawale CV, Ramani K, Li DD, Coleman BM, Oberoi RS, Kupul S, Lin L, Desai JV, Delgoffe GM, Lionakis MS, Bender FH, Prokopienko AJ, Nolin TD, Gaffen SL, Biswas PS. Restoring glucose uptake rescues neutrophil dysfunction and protects against systemic fungal infection in mouse models of kidney disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/548/eaay5691. [PMID: 32554707 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay5691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated candidiasis caused by the fungus Candida albicans is a major clinical problem in individuals with kidney disease and accompanying uremia; disseminated candidiasis fatality is twice as common in patients with uremia as those with normal kidney function. Many antifungal drugs are nephrotoxic, making treatment of these patients particularly challenging. The underlying basis for this impaired capacity to control infections in uremic individuals is poorly understood. Here, we show in multiple models that uremic mice exhibit an increased susceptibility to systemic fungal infection. Uremia inhibits Glut1-mediated uptake of glucose in neutrophils by causing aberrant activation of GSK3β, resulting in reduced ROS generation and hence impaired killing of C. albicans in mice. Consequently, pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β restored glucose uptake and rescued ROS production and candidacidal function of neutrophils in uremic mice. Similarly, neutrophils isolated from patients with kidney disease and undergoing hemodialysis showed similar defect in the fungal killing activity, a phenotype rescued in the presence of a GSK3β inhibitor. These findings reveal a mechanism of neutrophil dysfunction during uremia and suggest a potentially translatable therapeutic avenue for treatment of disseminated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan V Jawale
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kritika Ramani
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - De-Dong Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bianca M Coleman
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rohan S Oberoi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Saran Kupul
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Filitsa H Bender
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Alexander J Prokopienko
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Partha S Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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5
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Seidelin JB, Bahl MI, Licht TR, Mead BE, Karp JM, Johansen JV, Riis LB, Galera MR, Woetmann A, Bjerrum JT. Acute Experimental Barrier Injury Triggers Ulcerative Colitis-Specific Innate Hyperresponsiveness and Ulcerative Colitis-Type Microbiome Changes in Humans. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1281-1296. [PMID: 34118489 PMCID: PMC8455368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The trigger hypothesis opens the possibility of anti-flare initiation therapies by stating that ulcerative colitis (UC) flares originate from inadequate responses to acute mucosal injuries. However, experimental evidence is restricted by a limited use of suitable human models. We thus aimed to investigate the acute mucosal barrier injury responses in humans with and without UC using an experimental injury model. METHODS A standardized mucosal break was inflicted in the sigmoid colon of 19 patients with UC in endoscopic and histological remission and 20 control subjects. Postinjury responses were assessed repeatedly by high-resolution imaging and sampling to perform Geboes scoring, RNA sequencing, and injury niche microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. RESULTS UC patients had more severe endoscopic postinjury inflammation than did control subjects (P < .01), an elevated modified Geboes score (P < .05), a rapid induction of innate response gene sets (P < .05) and antimicrobial peptides (P < .01), and engagement of neutrophils (P < .01). Innate lymphoid cell type 3 (ILC3) markers were increased preinjury (P < .01), and ILC3 activating cytokines were highly induced postinjury, resulting in an increase in ILC3-type cytokine interleukin-17A. Across groups, the postinjury mucosal microbiome had higher bacterial load (P < .0001) and lower α-diversity (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS UC patients in remission respond to mucosal breaks by an innate hyperresponse engaging resident regulatory ILC3s and a subsequent adaptive activation. The postinjury inflammatory bowel disease-like microbiota diversity decrease is irrespective of diagnosis, suggesting that the dysbiosis is secondary to host injury responses. We provide a model for the study of flare initiation in the search for antitrigger-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jakob Benedict Seidelin, MD, PhD, DMSc, Department of Gastroenterology D112M, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. fax: 45 44 94 04 56.
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benjamin E. Mead
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Science and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical and Engineering Science and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Buhl Riis
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina Ramírez Galera
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Tveiten Bjerrum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Vanderhaeghen T, Beyaert R, Libert C. Bidirectional Crosstalk Between Hypoxia Inducible Factors and Glucocorticoid Signalling in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684085. [PMID: 34149725 PMCID: PMC8211996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced (GC) and hypoxia-induced transcriptional responses play an important role in tissue homeostasis and in the regulation of cellular responses to stress and inflammation. Evidence exists that there is an important crosstalk between both GC and hypoxia effects. Hypoxia is a pathophysiological condition to which cells respond quickly in order to prevent metabolic shutdown and death. The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are the master regulators of oxygen homeostasis and are responsible for the ability of cells to cope with low oxygen levels. Maladaptive responses of HIFs contribute to a variety of pathological conditions including acute mountain sickness (AMS), inflammation and neonatal hypoxia-induced brain injury. Synthetic GCs which are analogous to the naturally occurring steroid hormones (cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rodents), have been used for decades as anti-inflammatory drugs for treating pathological conditions which are linked to hypoxia (i.e. asthma, ischemic injury). In this review, we investigate the crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and HIFs. We discuss possible mechanisms by which GR and HIF influence one another, in vitro and in vivo, and the therapeutic effects of GCs on HIF-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Vanderhaeghen
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Gil-Marqués ML, Labrador Herrera G, Miró Canturri A, Pachón J, Smani Y, Pachón-Ibáñez ME. Role of PstS in the Pathogenesis of Acinetobacter baumannii Under Microaerobiosis and Normoxia. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1204-1212. [PMID: 32324853 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a successful pathogen responsible for infections with high mortality rate. During the course of infection it can be found in microaerobic environments, which influences virulence factor expression. From a previous transcriptomic analysis of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 under microaerobiosis, we know the gene pstS is overexpressed under microaerobiosis. Here, we studied its role in A. baumannii virulence. pstS loss significantly decreased bacterial adherence and invasion into A549 cells and increased A549 cell viability. pstS loss also reduced motility and biofilm-forming ability of A. baumannii. In a peritoneal sepsis murine model, the minimum lethal dose required by A. baumannii ATCC 17978 ΔpstS was lower compared to the wild type (4.3 vs 3.2 log colony forming units/mL, respectively), and the bacterial burden in tissues and fluids was lower. Thus, the loss of the phosphate sensor PstS produced a decrease in A. baumannii pathogenesis, supporting its role as a virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Gil-Marqués
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gema Labrador Herrera
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrea Miró Canturri
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Younes Smani
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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8
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Selective pressures during chronic infection drive microbial competition and cooperation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:16. [PMID: 31263568 PMCID: PMC6555799 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections often contain complex mixtures of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms ranging from aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to fungi and viruses. The microbial communities present in infected tissues are not passively co-existing but rather actively interacting with each other via a spectrum of competitive and/or cooperative mechanisms. Competition versus cooperation in these microbial interactions can be driven by both the composition of the microbial community as well as the presence of host defense strategies. These interactions are typically mediated via the production of secreted molecules. In this review, we will explore the possibility that microorganisms competing for nutrients at the host–pathogen interface can evolve seemingly cooperative mechanisms by controlling the production of subsets of secreted virulence factors. We will also address interspecies versus intraspecies utilization of community resources and discuss the impact that this phenomenon might have on co-evolution at the host–pathogen interface.
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9
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Staerck C, Tabiasco J, Godon C, Delneste Y, Bouchara JP, Fleury MJJ. Transcriptional profiling of Scedosporium apiospermum enzymatic antioxidant gene battery unravels the involvement of thioredoxin reductases against chemical and phagocytic cells oxidative stress. Med Mycol 2019; 57:363-373. [PMID: 29889264 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium species rank the second, after Aspergillus fumigatus, among the filamentous fungi colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Development of microorganisms in the respiratory tract depends on their capacity to evade killing by the host immune system, particularly through the oxidative response of macrophages and neutrophils, with the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This is particularly true in the airways of CF patients which display an exacerbated inflammatory reaction. To protect themselves, pathogens have developed various enzymatic antioxidant systems implicated in ROS degradation, including superoxide dismutases, catalases, cytochrome C peroxidases, chloroperoxidases and enzymes of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, or in RNS degradation, that is, flavohemoglobins, nitrate reductases, and nitrite reductases. Here we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant gene battery in 24-h-old hyphae of Scedosporium apiospermum in response to oxidative stress induced chemically or by exposure to activated phagocytic cells. We showed that 21 out of the 33 genes potentially implicated in the oxidative or nitrosative stress response were overexpressed upon exposure of the fungus to various chemical oxidants, while they were only 13 in co-cultures with macrophages or neutrophils. Among them, genes encoding two thioredoxin reductases and to a lesser extent, a peroxiredoxin and one catalase were found to be overexpressed after chemical oxidative stress as well as in co-cultures. These results suggest that thioredoxin reductases, which are known to be virulence factors in other pathogenic fungi, play a key role in pathogenesis of scedosporiosis, and may be new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Staerck
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Julie Tabiasco
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Charlotte Godon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Maxime J J Fleury
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Université Bretagne-Loire, Angers, France
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10
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Abstract
Redox signalling in the gastrointestinal mucosa is held in an intricate balance. Potent microbicidal mechanisms can be used by infiltrating immune cells, such as neutrophils, to protect compromised mucosae from microbial infection through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Unchecked, collateral damage to the surrounding tissue from neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species can be detrimental; thus, maintenance and restitution of a breached intestinal mucosal barrier are paramount to host survival. Redox reactions and redox signalling have been studied for decades with a primary focus on contributions to disease processes. Within the past decade, an upsurge of exciting findings have implicated subtoxic levels of oxidative stress in processes such as maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, the control of protective inflammation and even regulation of tissue wound healing. Resident gut microbial communities have been shown to trigger redox signalling within the mucosa, which expresses similar but distinct enzymes to phagocytes. At the fulcrum of this delicate balance is the colonic mucosal epithelium, and emerging evidence suggests that precise control of redox signalling by these barrier-forming cells may dictate the outcome of an inflammatory event. This Review will address both the spectrum and intensity of redox activity pertaining to host-immune and host-microbiota crosstalk during homeostasis and disease processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
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11
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Effect of Hypoxia on the Pathogenesis of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa In Vitro and in Murine Experimental Models of Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00543-18. [PMID: 30082478 PMCID: PMC6204731 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00543-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia modulates bacterial virulence and the inflammation response through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Here we study the influence of hypoxia on Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. In vitro, hypoxia increases the bactericidal activities of epithelial cells against A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, reducing extracellular bacterial concentrations to 50.5% ± 7.5% and 90.8% ± 13.9%, respectively, at 2 h postinfection. The same phenomenon occurs in macrophages (67.6% ± 18.2% for A. baumannii at 2 h and 50.3% ± 10.9% for P. aeruginosa at 24 h). Hypoxia decreases the adherence of A. baumannii to epithelial cells (42.87% ± 8.16% at 2 h) and macrophages (52.0% ± 18.7% at 24 h), as well as that of P. aeruginosa (24.9% ± 4.5% in epithelial cells and 65.7% ± 5.5% in macrophages at 2 h). Moreover, hypoxia decreases the invasion of epithelial cells (48.6% ± 3.8%) and macrophages (8.7% ± 6.9%) by A. baumannii at 24 h postinfection and by P. aeruginosa at 2 h postinfection (75.0% ± 16.3% and 63.4% ± 5.4%, respectively). In vivo, hypoxia diminishes bacterial loads in fluids and tissues in animal models of infection by both pathogens. In contrast, mouse survival time was shorter under hypoxia (23.92 versus 36.42 h) with A. baumannii infection. No differences in the production of cytokines or HIF-1α were found between hypoxia and normoxia in vitro or in vivo We conclude that hypoxia increases the bactericidal activities of host cells against both pathogens and reduces the interaction of pathogens with host cells. Moreover, hypoxia accelerates the rate at which animals die despite the lower bacterial concentrations in vivo.
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Vollbracht C, Raithel M, Krick B, Kraft K, Hagel AF. Intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of allergies: an interim subgroup analysis of a long-term observational study. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3640-3655. [PMID: 29950123 PMCID: PMC6136002 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518777044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Oxidative stress appears to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and a potential therapeutic target in allergy treatment. Allergic diseases are reportedly associated with reduced plasma levels of ascorbate, which is a key physiological antioxidant. Ascorbate prevents excessive inflammation without reducing the defensive capacity of the immune system. Methods An interim analysis of a multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted to investigate the change in disease-specific and nonspecific symptoms (fatigue, sleep disorders, depression, and lack of mental concentration) during adjuvant treatment with intravenous vitamin C (Pascorbin®; Pascoe, Giessen, Germany) in 71 patients with allergy-related respiratory or cutaneous indications. Results Between the start and end of treatment, the mean sum score of three disease-specific symptoms decreased significantly by 4.71 points and that of four nonspecific symptoms decreased significantly by 4.84 points. More than 50% of patients took no other allergy-related medication besides vitamin C. Conclusions Our observations suggest that treatment with intravenous high-dose vitamin C reduces allergy-related symptoms. Our observations form a basis for planning a randomized controlled clinical trial to obtain more definitive evidence of the clinical relevance of our findings. We also obtained evidence of ascorbate deficiency in allergy-related diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT02422901.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Raithel
- Department of Medicine II, Waldkrankenhaus Erlangen, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Bianka Krick
- Pascoe Pharmazeutische Präparate GmbH, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Kraft
- Chair of Naturopathy, University Medicine Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander F. Hagel
- Functional Tissue Diagnostics, Department of Medicine I,
University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Meyle J, Dommisch H, Groeger S, Giacaman RA, Costalonga M, Herzberg M. The innate host response in caries and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1215-1225. [PMID: 28727164 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innate immunity rapidly defends the host against infectious insults. These reactions are of limited specificity and exhaust without providing long-term protection. Functional fluids and effector molecules contribute to the defence against infectious agents, drive the immune response, and direct the cellular players. AIM To review the literature and present a summary of current knowledge about the function of tissues, cellular players and soluble mediators of innate immunity relevant to caries and periodontitis. METHODS Historical and recent literature was critically reviewed based on publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. RESULTS The innate immune response is vital to resistance against caries and periodontitis and rapidly attempts to protect against infectious agents in the dental hard and soft tissues. Soluble mediators include specialized proteins and lipids. They function to signal to immune and inflammatory cells, provide antimicrobial resistance, and also induce mechanisms for potential repair of damaged tissues. CONCLUSIONS Far less investigated than adaptive immunity, innate immune responses are an emerging scientific and therapeutic frontier. Soluble mediators of the innate response provide a network of signals to organize the near immediate molecular and cellular response to infection, including direct and immediate antimicrobial activity. Further studies in human disease and animal models are generally needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEIES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Dimitrov V, White JH. Vitamin D signaling in intestinal innate immunity and homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:68-78. [PMID: 28412519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lumen of the gut hosts a plethora of microorganisms that participate in food assimilation, inactivation of harmful particles and in vitamin synthesis. On the other hand, enteric flora, a number of food antigens, and toxins are capable of triggering immune responses causing inflammation, which, when unresolved, may lead to chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is important, therefore, to contain the gut bacteria within the lumen, control microbial load and composition, as well as ensure adequate innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogenic threats. There is growing evidence that vitamin D signaling has impacts on all these aspects of intestinal physiology, contributing to healthy enteric homeostasis. VD was first discovered as the curative agent for nutritional rickets, and its classical actions are associated with calcium absorption and bone health. However, vitamin D exhibits a number of extra-skeletal effects, particularly in innate immunity. Notably, it stimulates production of pattern recognition receptors, anti-microbial peptides, and cytokines, which are at the forefront of innate immune responses. They play a role in sensing the microbiota, in preventing excessive bacterial overgrowth, and complement the actions of vitamin D signaling in enhancing intestinal barrier function. Vitamin D also favours tolerogenic rather than inflammogenic T cell differentiation and function. Compromised innate immune function and overactive adaptive immunity, as well as defective intestinal barrier function, have been associated with IBD. Importantly, observational and intervention studies support a beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation in patients with Crohn's disease, a form of IBD. This review summarizes the effects of vitamin D signaling on barrier integrity and innate and adaptive immunity in the gut, as well as on microbial load and composition. Collectively, studies to date reveal that vitamin D signaling has widespread effects on gut homeostasis, and provide a mechanistic basis for potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassil Dimitrov
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Staerck C, Gastebois A, Vandeputte P, Calenda A, Larcher G, Gillmann L, Papon N, Bouchara JP, Fleury MJ. Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes. Microb Pathog 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Eisenreich W, Rudel T, Heesemann J, Goebel W. To Eat and to Be Eaten: Mutual Metabolic Adaptations of Immune Cells and Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens upon Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:316. [PMID: 28752080 PMCID: PMC5508010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens (IBPs) invade and replicate in different cell types including immune cells, in particular of the innate immune system (IIS) during infection in the acute phase. However, immune cells primarily function as essential players in the highly effective and integrated host defense systems comprising the IIS and the adaptive immune system (AIS), which cooperatively protect the host against invading microbes including IBPs. As countermeasures, the bacterial pathogens (and in particular the IBPs) have developed strategies to evade or reprogram the IIS at various steps. The intracellular replication capacity and the anti-immune defense responses of the IBP's as well as the specific antimicrobial responses of the immune cells of the innate and the AIS depend on specific metabolic programs of the IBPs and their host cells. The metabolic programs of the immune cells supporting or counteracting replication of the IBPs appear to be mutually exclusive. Indeed, recent studies show that upon interaction of naïve, metabolically quiescent immune cells with IBPs, different metabolic activation processes occur which may result in the provision of a survival and replication niche for the pathogen or its eradication. It is therefore likely that within a possible host cell population subsets exist that are metabolically programmed for pro- or anti-microbial conditions. These metabolic programs may be triggered by the interactions between different bacterial agonistic components and host cell receptors. In this review, we summarize the current status in the field and discuss metabolic adaptation processes within immune cells of the IIS and the IBPs that support or restrict the intracellular replication of the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität MünchenGarching, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMünchen, Germany
| | - Werner Goebel
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMünchen, Germany
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Kogut MH, Arsenault RJ. Immunometabolic Phenotype Alterations Associated with the Induction of Disease Tolerance and Persistent Asymptomatic Infection of Salmonella in the Chicken Intestine. Front Immunol 2017; 8:372. [PMID: 28421074 PMCID: PMC5378774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of Salmonella enterica to the eukaryotic host is a key process that enables the bacterium to survive in a hostile environment. Salmonella have evolved an intimate relationship with its host that extends to their cellular and molecular levels. Colonization, invasion, and replication of the bacteria in an appropriate host suggest that modification of host functions is central to pathogenesis. Intuitively, this subversion of the cell must be a complex process, since hosts are not inherently programmed to provide an environment conducive to pathogens. Hosts have evolved countermeasures to pathogen invasion, establishment, and replication through two types of defenses: resistance and tolerance. Resistance functions to control pathogen invasion and reduce or eliminate the invading pathogen. Research has primarily concentrated on resistance mechanisms that are mediated by the immune system. On the other hand, tolerance is mediated by different mechanisms that limit the damage caused by a pathogen’s growth without affecting or reducing pathogen numbers or loads. The mechanisms of tolerance appear to be separated into those that protect host tissues from the virulence factors of a pathogen and those that limit or reduce the damage caused by the host immune and inflammatory responses to the pathogen. Some pathogens, such as Salmonella, have evolved the capacity to survive the initial robust immune response and persist. The persistent phase of a Salmonella infection in the avian host usually involves a complex balance of protective immunity and immunopathology. Salmonella is able to stay in the avian ceca for months without triggering clinical signs. Chronic colonization of the intestinal tract is an important aspect of persistent Salmonella infection because it results in a silent propagation of bacteria in poultry stocks due to the impossibility to isolate contaminated animals. Data from our lab promote the hypothesis that Salmonella have evolved a unique survival strategy in poultry that minimizes host defenses (disease resistance) during the initial infection and then exploits and/or induces a dramatic immunometabolic reprogramming in the cecum that alters the host defense to disease tolerance. Unfortunately, this disease tolerance results in the ongoing human food safety dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Post-injury and resolution response to repetitive inhalation exposure to agricultural organic dust in mice. SAFETY 2017; 3. [PMID: 29387711 PMCID: PMC5788309 DOI: 10.3390/safety3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of organic dusts in agricultural environments causes airway inflammatory diseases. Despite advances in understanding the airway response to dust-induced inflammation, less is known about the transition from lung injury to repair and recovery. The objective of this study was to define the post-inflammation homeostasis events following organic dust-induced lung injury. Using an established protocol, mice were intranasally treated with swine confinement facility organic dust extract (ODE) daily for 3 weeks (repetitive exposure) or treated daily with ODE for 3 weeks followed by no treatment for 1–4 weeks (recovery period) whereupon lavage fluid, lung tissue, and sera were processed. During recovery period, a significant decrease was observed in ODE-induced neutrophil levels after 1 week, lymphocytes at 2 weeks, and macrophages at 4 weeks in the lavage fluid. ODE-induced lung cellular aggregates and bronchiolar compartment inflammation were diminished, but persisted for 4 weeks post-injury. Alveolar inflammation resolved at 3 weeks. ODE-induced lung neutrophils were cleared by 3 weeks, B-cells by 2 weeks, and CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells by 4 week recovery period. Collectively, these results identify important processes during recovery period following agricultural dust-induced inflammation, and present possible strategies for improving lung repair and resolution.
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Lin N, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factors: key regulators of myeloid cells during inflammation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3661-3671. [PMID: 27599290 DOI: 10.1172/jci84426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prominent characteristic of many acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, and exerts significant influence on their progression. Macrophages and neutrophils are major cellular components of innate immunity and contribute not only to O2 deprivation at the site of inflammation, but also alter many of their functions in response to hypoxia to either facilitate or suppress inflammation. Hypoxia stabilizes HIF-αs in macrophages and neutrophils, and these O2-sensitive transcription factors are key regulators of inflammatory responses in myeloid cells. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of HIF-αs in shaping macrophage and neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple inflammatory diseases.
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Taylor CT, Doherty G, Fallon PG, Cummins EP. Hypoxia-dependent regulation of inflammatory pathways in immune cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3716-3724. [PMID: 27454299 DOI: 10.1172/jci84433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation underpins a diverse range of diseases where effective therapy remains an unmet clinical need. Hypoxia is a prominent feature of the inflammatory microenvironment that regulates key transcription factors including HIF and NF-κB in both innate and adaptive immune cells. In turn, altered activity of the pathways controlled by these factors can affect the course of inflammation through the regulation of immune cell development and function. In this review, we will discuss these pathways and the oxygen sensors that confer hypoxic sensitivity in immune cells. Furthermore, we will describe how hypoxia-dependent pathways contribute to immunity and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets in inflammatory and infectious disease.
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de Paula-Silva M, Barrios BE, Macció-Maretto L, Sena AA, Farsky SHP, Correa SG, Oliani SM. Role of the protein annexin A1 on the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment in a murine model of acute colitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:104-13. [PMID: 27343762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α is involved in the mechanisms that initiate inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Anti-TNF-α drugs, such as infliximab (IFX), cause non-responsiveness and side effects, indicating the need to investigate alternative therapies for these diseases. The anti-inflammatory protein, annexin A1 (AnxA1), has been associated with the protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa. To further address the role of endogenous AnxA1 on the TNF-α blockade efficacy in a murine model, we assessed colitis induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) in wild-type (WT) and AnxA1(-/-) Balb/c mice treated with IFX. We consistently observed endogenous AnxA1 prevented clinical and physiological manifestations of experimental colitis treated with IFX, additionally the manifestation of the disease was observed earlier in AnxA1(-)(/-) mice. Rectal bleeding, diarrhea, histological score, epithelial damages and collagen degradation caused by DSS were prevented following IFX treatment only in WT mice. IL-6 increased during colitis in WT and AnxA1(-)(/-) mice, decreasing under IFX treatment in WT. The influx of neutrophils and TNF-α secretion were largely elevated in AnxA1(-)(/-) mice when compared to WT mice. In the group WT/DSS+IFX, phagocytes were more susceptible to apoptosis following treatment with IFX. Endogenous expression of AnxA1 increased after DSS and decreased with IFX treatment, demonstrating an attenuated inflammatory response. The data indicate that AnxA1 contributes to the establishment of intestinal homeostasis after blocking of TNF-α was used as a treatment of IBD, constituting a key molecule in the mechanism of action and a potential biomarker of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Paula-Silva
- Post-graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Elisabeth Barrios
- Center of Investigation in Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Cordoba National University (UNC), Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lisa Macció-Maretto
- Center of Investigation in Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Cordoba National University (UNC), Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angela Aparecida Sena
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Graciela Correa
- Center of Investigation in Biochemistry and Clinical Immunology, Cordoba National University (UNC), Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- Post-graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Immunomorphology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Uncontrolled or non-resolving inflammation underpins a range of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis. Hypoxia is a prominent feature of chronically inflamed tissues. This is due to elevated oxygen consumption by highly metabolically active inflamed resident cells and activated infiltrating immunocytes, as well as diminished oxygen supply due to vascular dysfunction. Tissue hypoxia can have a significant impact upon inflammatory signaling pathways in immune and non-immune cells and this can impact upon disease progression. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between tissue hypoxia and inflammation and identify how hypoxia-sensitive signaling pathways are potential therapeutic targets in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Cummins
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ciara E Keogh
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crean
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of chronically inflamed tissue. Hypoxia develops from vascular dysfunction and increased oxygen consumption by infiltrating leukocytes. With respect to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hypoxia is likely to be of particular importance: Impairment of the intestinal barrier during IBD allows anoxia from the lumen of the gut to spread to formerly normoxic tissue. In addition, disturbed perfusion of inflamed tissue and a higher oxygen demand of infiltrating immune cells lead to low oxygen levels in inflamed mucosal tissue. Here, cells become hypoxic and must now adapt to this condition. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 complex is a key transcription factor for cellular adaption to low oxygen tension. HIF-1 is a heterodimer formed by two subunits: HIF-α (either HIF-1α or HIF-2α) and HIF-1β. Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of the HIF-α subunit by specific oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) leads to ubiquitin proteasome-dependent degradation. Under hypoxic conditions, however, PHD activity is inhibited; thus, HIF-α can translocate into the nucleus, dimerize with HIF-1β, and bind to hypoxia-responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of HIF-1α in intestinal epithelial cells and the effect of HIF stabilization by PHD inhibitors in murine models of colitis. Furthermore, the role of HIF-1α in immune cells becomes more and more important as T cells or dendritic cells for which HIF-1 is of critical importance are highly involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. This review will summarize the function of HIF-1α and the therapeutic prospects for targeting the HIF pathway in intestinal mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Flück
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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