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Qiu O, Zhao J, Shi Z, Li H, Wang S, Liao K, Tang M, Xie J, Huang X, Zhang W, Zhou L, Yang X, Zhou Z, Xu L, Huang R, Miao Y, Qiu Y, Lin Y. Asparagine endopeptidase deficiency mitigates radiation-induced brain injury by suppressing microglia-mediated neuronal senescence. iScience 2024; 27:109698. [PMID: 38655198 PMCID: PMC11035374 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation in radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), a chronic disease characterized by delayed and progressive neurological impairment. Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), also known as legumain (LGMN), participates in multiple malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases and may potentially be involved in RIBI. Here, we found AEP expression was substantially elevated in the cortex and hippocampus of wild-type (Lgmn+/+) mice following whole-brain irradiation. Lgmn knockout (Lgmn-/-) alleviated neurological impairment caused by whole-brain irradiation by suppressing neuronal senescence. Bulk RNA and metabolomic sequencing revealed AEP's involvement in the antigen processing and presentation pathway and neuroinflammation. This was further confirmed by co-culturing Lgmn+/+ primary neurons with the conditioned media derived from irradiated Lgmn+/+ or Lgmn-/- primary microglia. Furthermore, esomeprazole inhibited the enzymatic activity of AEP and RIBI. These findings identified AEP as a critical factor of neuroinflammation in RIBI, highlighting the prospect of targeting AEP as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouwen Qiu
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Zhao
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhonggang Shi
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Keman Liao
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Minchao Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jieqiong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiation, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Renhua Huang
- Department of Radiation, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Brain Injury Center, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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2
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Li XY, Zeng ZX, Cheng ZX, Wang YL, Yuan LJ, Zhai ZY, Gong W. Common pathogenic bacteria-induced reprogramming of the host proteinogenic amino acids metabolism. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1487-1499. [PMID: 37814028 PMCID: PMC10689525 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Apart from cancer, metabolic reprogramming is also prevalent in other diseases, such as bacterial infections. Bacterial infections can affect a variety of cells, tissues, organs, and bodies, leading to a series of clinical diseases. Common Pathogenic bacteria include Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and so on. Amino acids are important and essential nutrients in bacterial physiology and support not only their proliferation but also their evasion of host immune defenses. Many pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogens infect the host and lead to significant changes in metabolites, especially the proteinogenic amino acids, to inhibit the host's immune mechanism to achieve its immune evasion and pathogenicity. Here, we review the regulation of host metabolism, while host cells are infected by some common pathogenic bacteria, and discuss how amino acids of metabolic reprogramming affect bacterial infections, revealing the potential adjunctive application of amino acids alongside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zi-Xin Zeng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Cheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhai
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 518101, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 518101, China.
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3
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Goldman G, Valero C, Pinzan C, de Castro P, van Rhijn N, Earle K, Liu H, Horta MA, Kniemeyer O, Kruger T, Pschibul A, Coemert D, Heinekamp T, Brakhage A, Steenwyk J, Mead M, Rokas A, Filler S, da Rosa-Garzon N, Delbaje E, Bromley M, Angeli C, Palmisano G, Ibrahim A, Gago S, Does Reis T. A phylogenetic approach to explore the Aspergillus fumigatus conidial surface-associated proteome and its role in pathogenesis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3306535. [PMID: 37790311 PMCID: PMC10543367 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3306535/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus, an important pulmonary fungal pathogen causing several diseases collectively called aspergillosis, relies on asexual spores (conidia) for initiating host infection. Here, we used a phylogenomic approach to compare proteins in the conidial surface of A. fumigatus, two closely related non-pathogenic species, Aspergillus fischeri and Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis, and the cryptic pathogen Aspergillus lentulus. After identifying 62 proteins uniquely expressed on the A. fumigatus conidial surface, we assessed null mutants for 42 genes encoding conidial proteins. Deletion of 33 of these genes altered susceptibility to macrophage killing, penetration and damage to epithelial cells, and cytokine production. Notably, a gene that encodes glycosylasparaginase, which modulates levels of the host pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, is important for infection in an immunocompetent murine model of fungal disease. These results suggest that A. fumigatus conidial surface proteins and effectors are important for evasion and modulation of the immune response at the onset of fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Bloco Q, Universidade de São Paulo
| | | | - Camila Pinzan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Bloco Q, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Patrícia de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo
| | | | - Kayleigh Earle
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester
| | - Hong Liu
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation
| | | | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI)
| | | | - Annica Pschibul
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) and Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University
| | - Derya Coemert
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) and Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University
| | - Thorsten Heinekamp
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI) and Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashraf Ibrahim
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center
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4
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Valero C, Pinzan CF, de Castro PA, van Rhijn N, Earle K, Liu H, Horta MAC, Kniemeyer O, Krüger T, Pschibul A, Coemert DN, Heinekamp T, Brakhage AA, Steenwyk JL, Mead ME, Rokas A, Filler SG, da Rosa-Garzon NG, Cabral H, Deljabe E, Bromley MJ, Angeli CB, Palmisano G, Ibrahim AS, Gago S, Dos Reis TF, Goldman GH. A phylogenetic approach to explore the Aspergillus fumigatus conidial surface-associated proteome and its role in pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.553365. [PMID: 37662192 PMCID: PMC10473670 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.553365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus , an important pulmonary fungal pathogen causing several diseases collectively called aspergillosis, relies on asexual spores or conidia for initiating host infection. Here, we used a phylogenomic approach to compare proteins in the conidial surface of A. fumigatus , two closely related non-pathogenic species, Aspergillus fischeri and Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis , and the cryptic pathogen Aspergillus lentulus . After identifying 62 proteins uniquely expressed on the A. fumigatus conidial surface, we deleted 42 genes encoding conidial proteins. We found deletion of 33 of these genes altered susceptibility to macrophage killing, penetration and damage to epithelial cells, and cytokine production. Notably, a gene that encodes glycosylasparaginase, which modulates levels of the host pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, is important for infection in an immunocompetent murine model of fungal disease. These results suggest that A. fumigatus conidial surface proteins and effectors are important for evasion and modulation of the immune response at the onset of fungal infection.
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5
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Zhou Q, Peng Y, Ji F, Chen H, Kang W, Chan LS, Gou H, Lin Y, Huang P, Chen D, Wei Q, Su H, Liang C, Zhang X, Yu J, Wong CC. Targeting of SLC25A22 boosts the immunotherapeutic response in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4677. [PMID: 37542037 PMCID: PMC10403583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is an important tumor intrinsic factor driving immune suppression in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we demonstrate that SLC25A22 underlies mutant KRAS-induced immune suppression in CRC. In immunocompetent male mice and humanized male mice models, SLC25A22 knockout inhibits KRAS-mutant CRC tumor growth with reduced myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) but increased CD8+ T-cells, implying the reversion of mutant KRAS-driven immunosuppression. Mechanistically, we find that SLC25A22 plays a central role in promoting asparagine, which binds and activates SRC phosphorylation. Asparagine-mediated SRC promotes ERK/ETS2 signaling, which drives CXCL1 transcription. Secreted CXCL1 functions as a chemoattractant for MDSC via CXCR2, leading to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Targeting SLC25A22 or asparagine impairs KRAS-induced MDSC infiltration in CRC. Finally, we demonstrate that the targeting of SLC25A22 in combination with anti-PD1 therapy synergizes to inhibit MDSC and activate CD8+ T cells to suppress KRAS-mutant CRC growth in vivo. We thus identify a metabolic pathway that drives immunosuppression in KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yao Peng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lam-Shing Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongyan Gou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pingmei Huang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danyu Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qinyao Wei
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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6
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Luo D, Luo H, Yan X, Lei A, He J, Liao Y, Peng K, Li X, Ye Y, Chen L, Zeng Z, Xiao H, Zeng Y. Mycoplasma genitalium Protein of Adhesion Suppresses T Cell Activation via CypA-CaN-NFAT Pathway. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0450322. [PMID: 37074201 PMCID: PMC10269615 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04503-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium is a prokaryotic microorganism that causes urogenital tract infections. M. genitalium protein of adhesion (MgPa) was essential for M. genitalium attachment and subsequent invasion into host cells. Our prior research confirmed that Cyclophilin A (CypA) was the binding receptor for MgPa and MgPa-CypA interaction can lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we revealed that the recombinant MgPa (rMgPa) could inhibit the CaN-NFAT signaling pathway to reduce the level of IFN-γ, IL-2, CD25, and CD69 in Jurkat cells by binding to the CypA receptor. Moreover, rMgPa inhibited the expressions of IFN-γ, IL-2, CD25, and CD69 in primary mouse T cells. Likewise, the expressions of these T cells activation-related molecules in CypA-siRNA-transfected cells and CypA-/- mouse primary T cell was strengthened by rMgPa. These findings showed that rMgPa suppressed T cell activation by downregulating the CypA-CaN-NFAT pathway, and as a result, acted as an immunosuppressive agent. IMPORTANCE Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium that can co-infect with other infections and causes nongonococcal urethritis in males, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature birth, and ectopic pregnancy in women. The adhesion protein of M. genitalium (MgPa) is the primary virulence factor in the complicated pathogenicity of M. genitalium. This research proved that MgPa could interact with host cell Cyclophilin A (CypA) and prevent T cell activation by inhibiting Calcineurin (CaN) phosphorylation and NFAT nuclear translocation, which clarified the immunosuppression mechanism of M. genitalium to host T cells. Therefore, this study can provide a new idea that CypA can be used for a therapeutic or prophylactic target for M. genitalium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Haodang Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Liao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kailan Peng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical School, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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7
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Polachini GM, de Castro TB, Smarra LFS, Henrique T, de Paula CHD, Severino P, López RVM, Carvalho AL, de Mattos Zeri AC, Silva IDCG, Tajara EH. Plasma metabolomics of oral squamous cell carcinomas based on NMR and MS approaches provides biomarker identification and survival prediction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8588. [PMID: 37237049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has proven to be an important omics approach to understand the molecular pathways underlying the tumour phenotype and to identify new clinically useful markers. The literature on cancer has illustrated the potential of this approach as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. The present study aimed to analyse the plasma metabolic profile of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls and to compare patients with metastatic and primary tumours at different stages and subsites using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the only report that compared patients at different stages and subsites and replicates collected in diverse institutions at different times using these methodologies. Our results showed a plasma metabolic OSCC profile suggestive of abnormal ketogenesis, lipogenesis and energy metabolism, which is already present in early phases but is more evident in advanced stages of the disease. Reduced levels of several metabolites were also associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The observed metabolomic alterations may contribute to inflammation, immune response inhibition and tumour growth, and may be explained by four nonexclusive views-differential synthesis, uptake, release, and degradation of metabolites. The interpretation that assimilates these views is the cross talk between neoplastic and normal cells in the tumour microenvironment or in more distant anatomical sites, connected by biofluids, signalling molecules and vesicles. Additional population samples to evaluate the details of these molecular processes may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and novel strategies for OSCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Mussi Polachini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Tialfi Bergamin de Castro
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Fabiano Soares Smarra
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Diniz de Paula
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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8
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CD8 + T cell metabolic rewiring defined by scRNA-seq identifies a critical role of ASNS expression dynamics in T cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111639. [PMID: 36384124 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells dynamically rewire their metabolism during an immune response. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to CD8+ T cells activated and differentiated in vitro in physiological medium to resolve these metabolic dynamics. We identify a differential time-dependent reliance of activating T cells on the synthesis versus uptake of various non-essential amino acids, which we corroborate with functional assays. We also identify metabolic genes that potentially dictate the outcome of T cell differentiation, by ranking them based on their expression dynamics. Among them, we find asparagine synthetase (Asns), whose expression peaks for effector T cells and decays toward memory formation. Disrupting these expression dynamics by ASNS overexpression promotes an effector phenotype, enhancing the anti-tumor response of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in a mouse melanoma model. We thus provide a resource of dynamic expression changes during CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation, and identify ASNS expression dynamics as a modulator of CD8+ T cell differentiation.
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9
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Xing Y, Gu X, Ruan G, Chen S. Probiotics for the Treatment of Gastric Diseases. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3051-3057. [PMID: 35441576 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2067335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Common gastric diseases include chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. The etiology of gastric diseases is complicated, including genetics, diet, excessive smoking and drinking, environmental factors, and bacterial infections. As live microorganisms, probiotics can confer health benefits to the host. At present, probiotics have been widely used in the preparation of foods, health products, and medicines. Due to their positive effects in improving diarrhea, constipation, alleviating allergies, enhancing immunity, and maintaining intestinal homeostasis, studies worldwide have focused on whether probiotics also provide therapeutic effects on gastric diseases. Thus, this review summarizes the possible mechanism of probiotics in the treatment of gastric diseases and provides a reference for expanding not only their application but also that of other microecological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Simiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Vimal A, Siddiqui MH, Verma A, Kumar A. Degradation product of curcumin restrain Salmonella typhimurium virulent protein L-asparaginase. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021:jcim-2021-0172. [PMID: 34860475 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salmonella typhimurium is a pathogen responsible for causing a wide range of infectious diseases. The emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in this microbe is a big challenge. L-asparaginase (less explored drug target) is selected as a drug target because it is actively involved in the virulence mechanism. To block this virulent enzyme, curcumin that is traditionally renowned for its medicinal properties was examined. However, its pharmacological behavior and targeting property is less understood because of its poor bioavailability. Therefore, the present work explores the antimicrobial effect of both curcumin and its degradation product against the MDR pathogen. METHODS Molecular docking studies were carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of curcumin and its degradation product against the L-asparaginase enzyme using Schrodinger Maestro interface tools. The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) profile of all the test ligands was also performed. RESULTS The docking score of curcumin was -5.465 kcal/mol while its degradation product curcumin glucuronide has the lowest i.e., -6.240 kcal/mol. All the test ligands showed better or comparable docking scores with respect to control (Ciprofloxacin). Arg 142 and Asn 84 amino acid residues of L-asparaginase were found to be interacting with test ligands inside the binding pocket of the target protein. ADME/toxicology study also indicated the potency of curcumin/curcumin degradation products as a potent inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS It was found that both curcumin and its degradation products have the potential to inhibit Salmonella. This information could be valuable for futuristic drug candidate development against this pathogen and could be a potential lead for mitigation of MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vimal
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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11
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Yeo T, Probert F, Sealey M, Saldana L, Geraldes R, Höeckner S, Schiffer E, Claridge TDW, Leppert D, DeLuca G, Kuhle J, Palace J, Anthony DC. Objective biomarkers for clinical relapse in multiple sclerosis: a metabolomics approach. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab240. [PMID: 34755110 PMCID: PMC8568847 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate determination of relapses in multiple sclerosis is important for diagnosis, classification of clinical course and therapeutic decision making. The identification of biofluid markers for multiple sclerosis relapses would add to our current diagnostic armamentarium and increase our understanding of the biology underlying the clinical expression of inflammation in multiple sclerosis. However, there is presently no biofluid marker capable of objectively determining multiple sclerosis relapses although some, in particular neurofilament-light chain, have shown promise. In this study, we sought to determine if metabolic perturbations are present during multiple sclerosis relapses, and, if so, identify candidate metabolite biomarkers and evaluate their discriminatory abilities at both group and individual levels, in comparison with neurofilament-light chain. High-resolution global and targeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics as well as neurofilament-light chain measurements were performed on the serum in four groups of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients, stratified by time since relapse onset: (i) in relapse (R); (ii) last relapse (LR) ≥ 1 month (M) to < 6 M ago; (iii) LR ≥ 6 M to < 24 M ago; and (iv) LR ≥ 24 M ago. Two hundred and one relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients were recruited: R (n = 38), LR 1–6 M (n = 28), LR 6–24 M (n = 34), LR ≥ 24 M (n = 101). Using supervised multivariate analysis, we found that the global metabolomics profile of R patients was significantly perturbed compared to LR ≥ 24 M patients. Identified discriminatory metabolites were then quantified using targeted metabolomics. Lysine and asparagine (higher in R), as well as, isoleucine and leucine (lower in R), were shortlisted as potential metabolite biomarkers. ANOVA of these metabolites revealed significant differences across the four patient groups, with a clear trend with time since relapse onset. Multivariable receiver operating characteristics analysis of these four metabolites in discriminating R versus LR ≥ 24 M showed an area under the curve of 0.758, while the area under the curve for serum neurofilament-light chain was 0.575. Within individual patients with paired relapse–remission samples, all four metabolites were significantly different in relapse versus remission, with the direction of change consistent with that observed at group level, while neurofilament-light chain was not discriminatory. The perturbations in the identified metabolites point towards energy deficiency and immune activation in multiple sclerosis relapses, and the measurement of these metabolites, either singly or in combination, are useful as biomarkers to differentiate relapse from remission at both group and individual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrong Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Megan Sealey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Luisa Saldana
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ruth Geraldes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy D W Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David Leppert
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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12
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Hope HC, Salmond RJ. The Role of Non-essential Amino Acids in T Cell Function and Anti-tumour Immunity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:29. [PMID: 34637000 PMCID: PMC8510955 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation, differentiation and proliferation is dependent upon and intrinsically linked to a capacity to modulate and adapt cellular metabolism. Antigen-induced activation stimulates a transcriptional programme that results in metabolic reprogramming, enabling T cells to fuel anabolic metabolic pathways and provide the nutrients to sustain proliferation and effector responses. Amino acids are key nutrients for T cells and have essential roles as building blocks for protein synthesis as well as in numerous metabolic pathways. In this review, we discuss the roles for uptake and biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids in T cell metabolism, activation and effector function. Furthermore, we highlight the effects of amino acid metabolism and depletion by cancer cells on T cell anti-tumour function and discuss approaches to modulate and improve T cell metabolism for improved anti-tumour function in these nutrient-depleted microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Carrasco Hope
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Salmond
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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13
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van Sadelhoff JHJ, Siziba LP, Buchenauer L, Mank M, Wiertsema SP, Hogenkamp A, Stahl B, Garssen J, Rothenbacher D, Genuneit J. Free and Total Amino Acids in Human Milk in Relation to Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Infant Health Outcomes: The Ulm SPATZ Health Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062009. [PMID: 34200908 PMCID: PMC8230437 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Free amino acids (FAAs) are important regulators of key pathways necessary for growth, development, and immunity. Data on FAAs in human milk (HM) and their roles in infant development are limited. We investigated the levels of FAAs and total amino acids (TAA, i.e., the sum of conjugated amino acids and FAAs) in HM in relation to infant and maternal characteristics and immunological conditions. FAA and TAA levels in HM sampled at 6 weeks (n = 671) and 6 months (n = 441) of lactation were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Child growth was ascertained at 4–5 weeks and at 6–7 months of age. Child allergy and lower respiratory tract infections were assessed in the first years of life. Associations of amino acid (AA) levels in HM with child growth and health outcomes were determined by Spearman correlation and modified Poisson regression, respectively. Free glutamine, glutamate, and serine in 6-week HM positively correlated with infant weight gain in the first 4–5 weeks of age. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) were negatively correlated with free glutamine and asparagine in 6-week and 6-month HM and positively correlated with the sum of TAAs in 6-month HM, but significance was lost following confounder adjustment. Free glutamine was lower in 6-month HM of mothers with an allergy (either active or non-active). No consistent associations were found between FAAs in HM and child health outcomes. However, potential negative associations were observed between specific FAAs and the risk of food allergy. These results suggest that specific FAAs play a role in infant growth. Moreover, these findings warrant further investigations into the relation of FAAs in HM with infant health outcomes and maternal allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris H. J. van Sadelhoff
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-625-699-571
| | - Linda P. Siziba
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.P.S.); (L.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Lisa Buchenauer
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.P.S.); (L.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Marko Mank
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (S.P.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Selma P. Wiertsema
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (S.P.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (S.P.W.); (B.S.)
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.H.); (J.G.)
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (S.P.W.); (B.S.)
| | | | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.P.S.); (L.B.); (J.G.)
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, 89079 Ulm, Germany;
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14
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Hope HC, Brownlie RJ, Fife CM, Steele L, Lorger M, Salmond RJ. Coordination of asparagine uptake and asparagine synthetase expression modulates CD8+ T cell activation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:137761. [PMID: 33822775 PMCID: PMC8262305 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) triggering by antigen results in metabolic reprogramming that, in turn, facilitates the exit of T cells from quiescence. The increased nutrient requirements of activated lymphocytes are met, in part, by upregulation of cell surface transporters and enhanced uptake of amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose from the environment. However, the role of intracellular pathways of amino acid biosynthesis in T cell activation is relatively unexplored. Asparagine is a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized intracellularly through the glutamine-hydrolyzing enzyme asparagine synthetase (ASNS). We set out to define the requirements for uptake of extracellular asparagine and ASNS activity in CD8+ T cell activation. At early time points of activation in vitro, CD8+ T cells expressed little or no ASNS, and, as a consequence, viability and TCR-stimulated growth, activation, and metabolic reprogramming were substantially impaired under conditions of asparagine deprivation. At later time points (more than 24 hours of activation), TCR-induced mTOR-dependent signals resulted in ASNS upregulation that endowed CD8+ T cells with the capacity to function independently of extracellular asparagine. Thus, our data suggest that the coordinated upregulation of ASNS expression and uptake of extracellular asparagine is involved in optimal T cell effector responses.
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15
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Castellano F, Molinier-Frenkel V. Control of T-Cell Activation and Signaling by Amino-Acid Catabolizing Enzymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:613416. [PMID: 33392202 PMCID: PMC7773816 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for protein synthesis, epigenetic modification through the methylation of histones, and the maintenance of a controlled balance of oxidoreduction via the production of glutathione and are precursors of certain neurotransmitters. T lymphocytes are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in amino acid levels. During evolution, the production of amino-acid catabolizing enzymes by mainly antigen-presenting cells has become a physiological mechanism to control T-cell activation and polarization. The action of these enzymes interferes with TCR and co-stimulation signaling, allowing tuning of the T-cell response. These capacities can be altered in certain pathological conditions, with relevant consequences for the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Castellano
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Departement Immunologie-Hématologie, Creteil, France
| | - Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Departement Immunologie-Hématologie, Creteil, France
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16
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Mecocci S, Gevi F, Pietrucci D, Cavinato L, Luly FR, Pascucci L, Petrini S, Ascenzioni F, Zolla L, Chillemi G, Cappelli K. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Cow, Donkey and Goat Milk Extracellular Vesicles as Revealed by Metabolomic Profile. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2908. [PMID: 32977543 PMCID: PMC7598260 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived micro and nano-sized structures enclosed in a double-layer membrane, have been in the spotlight for their high potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Indeed, they act as signal mediators between cells and/or tissues through different mechanisms involving their complex cargo and exert a number of biological effects depending upon EVs subtype and cell source. Being produced by almost all cell types, they are found in every biological fluid including milk. Milk EVs (MEVs) can enter the intestinal cells by endocytosis and protect their labile cargos against harsh conditions in the intestinal tract. In this study, we performed a metabolomic analysis of MEVs, from three different species (i.e., bovine, goat and donkey) by mass spectroscopy (MS) coupled with Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Metabolites, both common or specific of a species, were identified and enriched metabolic pathways were investigated, with the final aim to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in view of prospective applications as a nutraceutical in inflammatory conditions. In particular, metabolites transported by MEVs are involved in common pathways among the three species. These metabolites, such as arginine, asparagine, glutathione and lysine, show immunomodulating effects. Moreover, MEVs in goat milk showed a greater number of enriched metabolic pathways as compared to the other kinds of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Mecocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Daniele Pietrucci
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Luca Cavinato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco R. Luly
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Fiorentina Ascenzioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie C. Darwin, Università di Roma la Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.C.); (F.R.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Lello Zolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (F.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione Nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.M.); (L.P.)
- Centro di Ricerca sul Cavallo Sportivo, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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17
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Effects of Multi-Strain Probiotics on Immune Responses and Metabolic Balance in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082476. [PMID: 32824501 PMCID: PMC7468736 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. Even though the prevalence of H. pylori infection has been decreased in many regions, the development of antibiotic resistance strains has increased the difficulty of eradicating H. pylori. Therefore, exploring alternative approaches to combat H. pylori infection is required. It is well-known that probiotic therapy can improve H. pylori clearance. In this study, H. pylori-infected mice were treated with Lactobacillus fermentum P2 (P2), L. casei L21 (L21), L. rhamnosus JB3 (JB3), or a mixture including the aforementioned three (multi-LAB) for three days. All the lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) treatments decreased H. pylori loads in the stomach and vacA gene expression, H. pylori specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A, and IgM levels in stomach homogenates, as well as serum levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 beta. The multi-LAB and JB3 treatments further restored the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities suppressed by H. pylori infection. Furthermore, H. pylori infection decreased serum concentrations of 15 kinds of amino acids as well as palmitic acid. The multi-LAB treatment was able to recover the serum levels of alanine, arginine, aspartate, glycine, and tryptophan, which are all important in modulating immune functions. In addition, butyric acid, valeric acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid levels were increased. In this study, multi-LAB revealed its ability to adjust the composition of metabolites to improve health. To date, the mechanisms underlying how LAB strains crosstalk with the host are not fully understood. Identifying the mechanisms which are regulated by LABs will facilitate the development of effective therapies for infection in the future.
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18
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Deciphering Additional Roles for the EF-Tu, l-Asparaginase II and OmpT Proteins of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081184. [PMID: 32759661 PMCID: PMC7464798 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. STEC O157:H7 is the most clinically relevant serotype in the world. The major virulence determinants of STEC O157:H7 are the Shiga toxins and the locus of enterocyte effacement. However, several accessory virulence factors, mainly outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that interact with the host cells may contribute to the virulence of this pathogen. Previously, the elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu), l-asparaginase II and OmpT proteins were identified as antigens in OMP extracts of STEC. The known subcellular location of EF-Tu and l-asparaginase II are the cytoplasm and periplasm, respectively. Therefore, we investigate whether these two proteins may localize on the surface of STEC and, if so, what roles they have at this site. On the other hand, the OmpT protein, a well characterized protease, has been described as participating in the adhesion of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains. Thus, we investigate whether OmpT has this role in STEC. Our results show that the EF-Tu and l-asparaginase II are secreted by O157:H7 and may also localize on the surface of this bacterium. EF-Tu was identified in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), suggesting it as a possible export mechanism for this protein. Notably, we found that l-asparaginase II secreted by O157:H7 inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation, but the role of EF-Tu at the surface of this bacterium remains to be elucidated. In the case of OmpT, we show its participation in the adhesion of O157:H7 to human epithelial cells. Thus, this study extends the knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of STEC.
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19
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Goll JB, Li S, Edwards JL, Bosinger SE, Jensen TL, Wang Y, Hooper WF, Gelber CE, Sanders KL, Anderson EJ, Rouphael N, Natrajan MS, Johnson RA, Sanz P, Hoft D, Mulligan MJ. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Responses to a Live-Attenuated Francisella tularensis Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030412. [PMID: 32722194 PMCID: PMC7563297 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to live-attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine and its host evasion mechanisms are incompletely understood. Using RNA-Seq and LC–MS on samples collected pre-vaccination and at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 post-vaccination, we identified differentially expressed genes in PBMCs, metabolites in serum, enriched pathways, and metabolites that correlated with T cell and B cell responses, or gene expression modules. While an early activation of interferon α/β signaling was observed, several innate immune signaling pathways including TLR, TNF, NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor signaling and key inflammatory cytokines such as Il-1α, Il-1β, and TNF typically activated following infection were suppressed. The NF-κB pathway was the most impacted and the likely route of attack. Plasma cells, immunoglobulin, and B cell signatures were evident by day 7. MHC I antigen presentation was more actively up-regulated first followed by MHC II which coincided with the emergence of humoral immune signatures. Metabolomics analysis showed that glycolysis and TCA cycle-related metabolites were perturbed including a decline in pyruvate. Correlation networks that provide hypotheses on the interplay between changes in innate immune, T cell, and B cell gene expression signatures and metabolites are provided. Results demonstrate the utility of transcriptomics and metabolomics for better understanding molecular mechanisms of vaccine response and potential host–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B. Goll
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Departments of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103, USA; (J.L.E.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Secret Path, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Travis L. Jensen
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Yating Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - William F. Hooper
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Casey E. Gelber
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Katherine L. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103, USA; (J.L.E.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Muktha S. Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Robert A. Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Daniel Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and New York University (NYU) Langone Vaccine Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-263-9410; Fax: +1-646-501-4645
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Wu S, Shen Y, Zhang S, Xiao Y, Shi S. Salmonella Interacts With Autophagy to Offense or Defense. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:721. [PMID: 32390979 PMCID: PMC7188831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important component of the innate immune system in mammals. Low levels of basic autophagy are sustained in normal cells, to help with the clearance of aging organelles and misfolded proteins, thus maintaining their structural and functional stability. However, when cells are faced with challenges, such as starvation or pathogenic infection, their level of autophagy increases significantly. Salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen, which imposes an economic burden on the poultry farming industry and human public health. Previous studies have shown that Salmonella can induce the autophagy of cells following invasion, which to a certain extent helps to protect the cells from bacterial colonization. This review summarizes the latest research in the field of Salmonella-induced autophagy, including: (i) the autophagy induction and escape mechanisms employed by Salmonella during the infection of host cells; (ii) the effect of autophagy on intracellular Salmonella; (iii) the important autophagy adaptors that recognize intracellular Salmonella in host cells; and (iv) the effect of autophagy-modulating drugs on Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wu
- Department of Feed and Nutrition, Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiru Shen
- Department of Feed and Nutrition, Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Feed and Nutrition, Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunqi Xiao
- Department of Feed and Nutrition, Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Department of Feed and Nutrition, Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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21
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Nouwen LV, Everts B. Pathogens MenTORing Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Manipulation of mTOR and Cellular Metabolism to Promote Immune Escape. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010161. [PMID: 31936570 PMCID: PMC7017145 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, represent an important first line of defense against infections. Upon recognition of pathogens, these cells undergo a metabolic reprogramming that supports their activation and ability to respond to the invading pathogens. An important metabolic regulator of these cells is mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). During infection, pathogens use host metabolic pathways to scavenge host nutrients, as well as target metabolic pathways for subversion of the host immune response that together facilitate pathogen survival. Given the pivotal role of mTOR in controlling metabolism and DC and macrophage function, pathogens have evolved strategies to target this pathway to manipulate these cells. This review seeks to discuss the most recent insights into how pathogens target DC and macrophage metabolism to subvert potential deleterious immune responses against them, by focusing on the metabolic pathways that are known to regulate and to be regulated by mTOR signaling including amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy.
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22
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Zhang S, Li M, Yuan F, Chen L, Mi R, Wei X, Song Y, Yin Q. The predictive value of dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:272. [PMID: 31649489 PMCID: PMC6805491 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the value of dynamic monitoring peripheral blood lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR) ratio in evaluating the treatment response and prognosis of patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Methods A total of 148 patients with ENKTL were retrospectively analyzed in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University between March 2012 and March 2018. The optimal cut-off value of LMR was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method, then patients were divided into low LMR group and high LMR group. The LMR level was dynamically measured at various time points, and the relationships between LMR and therapeutic response, and survival were analyzed. Results The complete remission rate (CR) was 85.7% in patients with high LMR at diagnosis, which was remarkably higher than that of patients with low LMR at diagnosis (64.9%) (P = 0.009). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 49.28% and 44.89% in the low LMR group, respectively; 5-year OS and PFS in the high LMR group were 84.50% and 67.12%, respectively, significantly longer (P values were < 0.001 and 0.034, respectively). The OS and PFS of patients with elevated LMR after treatment were longer than those with decreased LMR after treatment (all P values < 0.05). The LMRs at relapse were significantly lower in both high and low LMR groups than those of the last follow-up (P values were 0.001 and 0.016, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that low LMR was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in ENKTL patients (P values were < 0.001 and 0.009, respectively). Conclusions Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio can be used as an indicator of treatment response, prognosis and recurrence in patients with ENKTL. Low LMR before and after treatment is a poor prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
| | - Ruihua Mi
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
| | - Qingsong Yin
- Department of Hematopathy, Henan Institute of Hematology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan China
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23
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Commensal lactic acid-producing bacteria affect host cellular lipid metabolism through various cellular metabolic pathways: Role of mTOR, FOXO1, and autophagy machinery system. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Ocaña MC, Martínez-Poveda B, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and its implication on cancer progression: An ongoing therapeutic target. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:70-113. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Carmen Ocaña
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Málaga Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Andalucía Tech; Universidad de Málaga; Málaga Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Málaga Spain
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25
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Direct Manipulation of T Lymphocytes by Proteins of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Pathogens. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00683-17. [PMID: 29339462 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00683-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal bacterial infection represents a significant threat to human health, as well as a burden on food animal production and welfare. Although there is advanced knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis, including the development of immune responses to these pathogens, gaps in knowledge persist. It is well established that gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens produce a myriad of proteins that affect the development and effectiveness of innate immune responses. However, relatively few proteins that directly affect lymphocytes responsible for humoral or cell-mediated immunity and memory have been identified. Here, we review factors produced by gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens that have direct T cell interactions and what is known about their functions and mechanisms of action. T cell-interacting bacterial proteins that have been identified to date mainly target three major T cell responses: activation and expansion, chemotaxis, or apoptosis. Further, the requirement for more focused studies to identify and understand additional mechanisms used by bacteria to directly affect the T cell immune response and how these may contribute to pathogenesis is highlighted. Increased knowledge in this area will help to drive development of better interventions in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal bacterial infection.
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26
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Ren W, Rajendran R, Zhao Y, Tan B, Wu G, Bazer FW, Zhu G, Peng Y, Huang X, Deng J, Yin Y. Amino Acids As Mediators of Metabolic Cross Talk between Host and Pathogen. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29535717 PMCID: PMC5835074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between host and pathogen decidedly shapes the outcome of an infection, thus understanding this interaction is critical to the treatment of a pathogen-induced infection. Although research in this area of cell biology has yielded surprising findings regarding interactions between host and pathogen, understanding of the metabolic cross talk between host and pathogen is limited. At the site of infection, host and pathogen share similar or identical nutritional substrates and generate common metabolic products, thus metabolic cross talk between host and pathogen could profoundly affect the pathogenesis of an infection. In this review, we present results of a recent discovery of a metabolic interaction between host and pathogen from an amino acid (AA) metabolism-centric point of view. The host depends on AA metabolism to support defensive responses against pathogens, while the pathogens modulate AA metabolism for its own advantage. Some AA, such as arginine, asparagine, and tryptophan, are central points of competition between the host and pathogen. Thus, a better understanding of AA-mediated metabolic cross talk between host and pathogen will provide insight into fruitful therapeutic approaches to manipulate and prevent progression of an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ranjith Rajendran
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, TAMU, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivorce, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Vimal A, Jha A, Kumar A. Eugenol derivatives prospectively inhibit l-asparaginase: A heady target protein of Salmonella typhimurium. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:8-16. [PMID: 29138086 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium is the causative agent of severe human infections and mortality throughout the world. Pacing advent of new resistance mechanisms in this microorganism exists, rendering treatment of infectious disease difficult. Ciprofloxacin is no longer considered the first choice of antimicrobial agent due to the emergence of resistance. Therefore, the need for scenario is to find out novel drug target and its potential inhibitor to fight against this pathogen. The present study was undertaken to find out a novel drug target and its inhibitor for improving the current therapeutic methods for treating Salmonella infections. It is found that l-asparaginase is exploited by the pathogen for its survival benefit. Therefore, it could be targeted to fight against lethality caused by Salmonella infections. In the present in silico study, the 3-D structure of the enzyme l-asparaginase was modelled by using homology modeling technique. Thereafter, molecular docking studies and ADMET prediction to assess pharmacokinetic profiles of test ligands (eugenol and its derivative) was performed. The results show that eugenol and its derivative are capable of inhibiting the Salmonella virulent protein l-asparaginase. There were 18 ligands including ciprofloxacin (used as reference) were docked. The lowest binding energy was observed with eugenol derivative 8 i.e -5.836 kcal/mol while for ciprofloxacin was -4.661 kcal/mol. The docking of the eugenol derivative 8 with l-asparaginase revealed a strong interaction between them with two hydrogen bonds. Thr 35 and Asp 116 residues are actively participating in this interaction. The result of ADMET profiling suggests the potency of eugenol and its derivatives against Salmonellal-asparaginase-II as a compelling drug candidate. These findings provide useful information on the biological role, structure-based drug design and potent inhibitor of l-asparaginase for the development of effective therapeutic molecule against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vimal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, India
| | - Anubhuti Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, India.
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28
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Salmonella FraE, an Asparaginase Homolog, Contributes to Fructose-Asparagine but Not Asparagine Utilization. J Bacteriol 2017; 199:JB.00330-17. [PMID: 28847920 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00330-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica can utilize fructose-asparagine (F-Asn) as a source of carbon and nitrogen. This capability has been attributed to five genes in the fra locus. Previously, we determined that mutations in fraB (deglycase), fraD (kinase), or fraA (transporter) eliminated the ability of Salmonella to grow on F-Asn, while a mutation in fraE allowed partial growth. We hypothesized that FraE, a putative periplasmic fructose-asparaginase, converts F-Asn to NH4 + and fructose-aspartate (F-Asp). FraA could then transport F-Asp into the cytoplasm for subsequent catabolism. Here, we report that growth of the fraE mutant on F-Asn is caused by a partially redundant activity provided by AnsB, a periplasmic asparaginase. Indeed, a fraE ansB double mutant is unable to grow on F-Asn. Moreover, biochemical assays using periplasmic extracts of mutants that express only FraE or AnsB confirmed that each of these enzymes converts F-Asn to F-Asp and NH4 + However, FraE does not contribute to growth on asparagine. We tested and confirmed the hypothesis that a fraE ansB mutant can grow on F-Asp, while mutants lacking fraA, fraD, or fraB cannot. This finding provides strong evidence that FraA transports F-Asp but not F-Asn from the periplasm to the cytoplasm. Previously, we determined that F-Asn is toxic to a fraB mutant due to the accumulation of the FraB substrate, 6-phosphofructose-aspartate (6-P-F-Asp). Here, we found that, as expected, a fraB mutant is also inhibited by F-Asp. Collectively, these findings contribute to a better understanding of F-Asn utilization by Salmonella IMPORTANCE Salmonella is able to utilize fructose-asparagine (F-Asn) as a nutrient. We recently reported that the disruption of a deglycase enzyme in the F-Asn utilization pathway inhibits the growth of Salmonella in mice and recognized this pathway as a novel and specific drug target. Here, we characterize the first step in the pathway wherein FraE hydrolyzes F-Asn to release NH4 + and F-Asp in the periplasm of the cell. A fraE mutant continues to grow slowly on F-Asn due to asparaginase activity encoded by ansB.
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29
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Abstract
How bacterial pathogens evade adaptive immunity is not well understood. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Bayer-Santos et al. (2016) show that the Salmonella effector protein SteD mediates MARCH8-dependent ubiquitination of class II MHC molecules, thereby inhibiting antigen presentation and limiting T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A McLaughlin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, 130 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, USA
| | - Adrianus W M van der Velden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, 130 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, USA.
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30
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Injection of T3SS effectors not resulting in invasion is the main targeting mechanism of Shigella toward human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9954-9959. [PMID: 28847968 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707098114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella is a facultative intracellular bacterium known, in vitro, to invade a large diversity of cells through the delivery of virulence effectors into the cell cytoplasm via a type III secretion system (T3SS). Here, we provide evidence that the injection of T3SS effectors does not necessarily result in cell invasion. Indeed, we demonstrate through optimization of a T3SS injection reporter that effector injection without subsequent cell invasion, termed the injection-only mechanism, is the main strategy used by Shigella to target human immune cells. We show that in vitro-activated human peripheral blood B, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as switched memory B cells are mostly targeted by the injection-only mechanism. B and T lymphocytes residing in the human colonic lamina propria, encountered by Shigella upon its crossing of the mucosal barrier, are also mainly targeted by injection-only. These findings reveal that cells refractory to invasion can still be injected, thus extending the panel of host cells manipulated to the benefit of the pathogen. Future analysis of the functional consequences of the injection-only mechanism toward immune cells will contribute to the understanding of the priming of adaptive immunity, which is known to be altered during the course of natural Shigella infection.
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31
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Vimal A, Pal D, Tripathi T, Kumar A. Eucalyptol, sabinene and cinnamaldehyde: potent inhibitors of salmonella target protein L-asparaginase. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:258. [PMID: 28735432 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium is a severe threat to human life. The treatment became more difficult with the emergence of multidrug resistance. In the present in silico study, a novel drug target L-asparaginase was tested against three ligands eucalyptol, sabinene, and cinnamaldehyde, major components of cardamom, nutmeg, and cinnamon, respectively. The lowest docking score was obtained for sabinene followed by eucalyptol and cinnamaldehyde i.e. -5.648, -3.939 and -3.469. The docking score of sabinene is also better than the standard drug, Ciprofloxacin (-4.661) and natural substrate L-asparagine (-5.497). The amino acid residues involved in interactions inside the binding pocket are threonine 115 and threonine 35. The ADMET profile studied, also suggests the potency of the test ligands as a drug candidate. The results suggest they could be safe alternatives of chemical compounds to treat infections and combat multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vimal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, India.
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32
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Buck MD, Sowell RT, Kaech SM, Pearce EL. Metabolic Instruction of Immunity. Cell 2017; 169:570-586. [PMID: 28475890 PMCID: PMC5648021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 758] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Choices have consequences. Immune cells survey and migrate throughout the body and sometimes take residence in niche environments with distinct communities of cells, extracellular matrix, and nutrients that may differ from those in which they matured. Imbedded in immune cell physiology are metabolic pathways and metabolites that not only provide energy and substrates for growth and survival, but also instruct effector functions, differentiation, and gene expression. This review of immunometabolism will reference the most recent literature to cover the choices that environments impose on the metabolism and function of immune cells and highlight their consequences during homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Buck
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences Immunology Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan T Sowell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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33
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The role of autophagy in asparaginase-induced immune suppression of macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2721. [PMID: 28358370 PMCID: PMC5386542 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erwinia asparaginase, a bacteria-derived enzyme drug, has been used in the treatment of various cancers, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). One of the most significant side effects associated with asparaginase administration is immune suppression, which limits its application in clinic. Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells and have a central role in inflammation and host defense. We reported here that asparaginase disturbed the function of macrophages including phagocytosis, proliferation, ROS and nitric oxide secretion, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion, and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) molecule expression, thus induced immune suppression in interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. We also observed that asparaginase inhibited autophagy in macrophages via activating Akt/mTOR and suppressing Erk1/2 signaling pathway as evidenced by less formation of autophagosomes, downregulation of autophagy-related protein LC3-II, and decreased number of autophagy-like vacuoles. Further study discovered that treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA in place of asparaginase on activated macrophages could also downregulate phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, and MHC-II expression. Moreover, incubation with autophagy inducer trehalose restored the capacity of phagocytosis, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion, and MHC-II expression in macrophages. These results prove the important role of autophagy in the function of macrophages, and activation of autophagy can overcome asparaginase-induced immune suppression in macrophages.
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McLaughlin PA, McClelland M, Yang HJ, Porwollik S, Bogomolnaya L, Chen JS, Andrews-Polymenis H, van der Velden AWM. Contribution of Asparagine Catabolism to Salmonella Virulence. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00740-16. [PMID: 27849183 PMCID: PMC5278173 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00740-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Salmonellae establish infection and avoid clearance by the immune system by mechanisms that are not well understood. We previously showed that l-asparaginase II produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S Typhimurium) inhibits T cell responses and mediates virulence. In addition, we previously showed that asparagine deprivation such as that mediated by l-asparaginase II of S Typhimurium causes suppression of activation-induced T cell metabolic reprogramming. Here, we report that STM3997, which encodes a homolog of disulfide bond protein A (dsbA) of Escherichia coli, is required for l-asparaginase II stability and function. Furthermore, we report that l-asparaginase II localizes primarily to the periplasm and acts together with l-asparaginase I to provide S Typhimurium the ability to catabolize asparagine and assimilate nitrogen. Importantly, we determined that, in a murine model of infection, S Typhimurium lacking both l-asparaginase I and II genes competes poorly with wild-type S Typhimurium for colonization of target tissues. Collectively, these results indicate that asparagine catabolism contributes to S Typhimurium virulence, providing new insights into the competition for nutrients at the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A McLaughlin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Steffen Porwollik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lydia Bogomolnaya
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Juei-Suei Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Helene Andrews-Polymenis
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Adrianus W M van der Velden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Vimal A, Kumar A. l-Asparaginase as morpheein: A potential drug target. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:101. [PMID: 27221756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vimal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur, India.
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