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Lim L, Kim H, Jeong J, Han SH, Yu YB, Song H. Yohimbine Inhibits PDGF-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via FOXO3a Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6899. [PMID: 39000009 PMCID: PMC11240894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Yohimbine (YHB) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiac function-enhancing properties. Additionally, it has been reported to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and neointimal formation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation by suppressing the phospholipase C-gamma 1 pathway. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of YHB controlling the behavior of VSMCs is not fully understood. In this study, YHB downregulated the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and cyclin E, by modulating the transcription factor FOXO3a in VSMCs induced by PDGF. Furthermore, YHB decreased p-38 and mTOR phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, YHB significantly reduced the phosphorylation at Y397 and Y925 sites of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and this effect was greater at the Y925 site than Y397. In addition, the expression of paxillin, a FAK-associated protein known to bind to the Y925 site of FAK, was significantly reduced by YHB treatment in a dose-dependent manner. A pronounced reduction in the migration and proliferation of VSMCs was observed following co-treatment of YHB with mTOR or p38 inhibitors. In conclusion, this study shows that YHB inhibits the PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs by regulating the transcription factor FOXO3a and the mTOR/p38/FAK signaling pathway. Therefore, YHB may be a potential therapeutic candidate for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and vascular restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Animals
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Yohimbine/pharmacology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Paxillin/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Leejin Lim
- Advanced Cancer Controlling Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetics, Biomedical Research Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bob Yu
- Department of Paramedicine, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesang Song
- Advanced Cancer Controlling Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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2
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Atefipour N, Dianat M, Badavi M, Radan M, Mard SA. The Role of Rosmarinic Acid in the Protection Against Inflammatory Factors in Rats Model With Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Investigating the Signaling Pathway of NFκB, OPG, Runx2, and P-Selectin in Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:258-264. [PMID: 38151743 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Shortness of breath and syncope are common symptoms of right ventricular failure caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is the result of blockage and increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting the idea that inflammation and vascular calcification (VC) are important factors in PAH pathogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the features of the inflammatory process and gene expression involved in VC in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. MCT (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce PAH. Animals were given normal saline or rosmarinic acid (RA) (10, 15, and 30 mg/kg, gavage) for 21 days. An increase in right ventricular systolic pressure was evaluated as confirming PAH. To determine the level of inflammation in lung tissue, pulmonary edema and the total and differential white blood cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. Also, the expression of NFκB, OPG, Runx2, and P-selectin genes was investigated to evaluate the level of VC in the heart. Our experiment showed that RA significantly decreased right ventricular hypertrophy, inflammatory factors, NFκB, Runx2, and P-selectin gene expression, pulmonary edema, total and differential white blood cell count, and increased OPG gene expression. Therefore, our research showed that RA protects against MCT-induced PAH by reducing inflammation and VC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Atefipour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Radan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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3
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Stangret A, Dykacz W, Jabłoński K, Wesołowska A, Klimczak-Tomaniak D, Kochman J, Tomaniak M. The cytokine trio - visfatin, placental growth factor and fractalkine - and their role in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 74:76-85. [PMID: 37679252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) remains a puzzling clinical entity. It is characterized by clinical evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) with normal or near-normal coronary arteries in angiography. Given the complex etiology including multiple possible scenarios with varied pathogenetic mechanisms, profound investigation of the plausible biomarkers of MINOCA may bring further pathophysiological insights and novel diagnostic opportunities. Cytokines have a great diagnostic potential and are used as biomarkers for many diseases. An unusual trio of visfatin, placental growth factor (PlGF) and fractalkine (CX3CL1) can directly promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation and angiogenesis through the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling. They are redundant in physiological processes and become overexpressed in the pathomechanisms underlying MINOCA. The knowledge about their concentration might serve as a valuable diagnostic and/or therapeutic tool for assessing vascular endothelial function. Here we analyze the current knowledge on visfatin, PlGF and CX3CL1 in the context of MINOCA and present the novel clinical implications of their combined expression as predictors or indicators of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stangret
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; College of Medical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, Nowogrodzka 47a, 00-695 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Dykacz
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Jabłoński
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wesołowska
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Klimczak-Tomaniak
- Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Kochman
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Tomaniak
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Corbett CB, St Paul A, Leigh T, Kelemen SE, Peluzzo AM, Okune RN, Eguchi S, Haines DS, Autieri MV. Genetic Deletion of FXR1 Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia and Induces Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:638-653. [PMID: 37080662 PMCID: PMC10155270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia indicative of restenosis and other vascular diseases. Fragile-X related protein-1 (FXR1) is a muscle-enhanced RNA binding protein whose expression is increased in injured arteries. Previous studies suggest that FXR1 negatively regulates inflammation, but its causality in vascular disease is unknown. In the current study, RNA-sequencing of FXR1-depleted VSMC identified many transcripts with decreased abundance, most of which were associated with proliferation and cell division. mRNA abundance and stability of a number of these transcripts were decreased in FXR1-depleted hVSMC, as was proliferation (P < 0.05); however, increases in beta-galactosidase (P < 0.05) and γH2AX (P < 0.01), indicative of senescence, were noted. Further analysis showed increased abundance of senescence-associated genes with FXR1 depletion. A novel SMC-specific conditional knockout mouse (FXR1SMC/SMC) was developed for further analysis. In a carotid artery ligation model of intimal hyperplasia, FXR1SMC/SMC mice had significantly reduced neointima formation (P < 0.001) after ligation, as well as increases in senescence drivers p16, p21, and p53 compared with several controls. These results suggest that in addition to destabilization of inflammatory transcripts, FXR1 stabilized cell cycle-related genes in VSMC, and absence of FXR1 led to induction of a senescent phenotype, supporting the hypothesis that FXR1 may mediate vascular disease by regulating stability of proliferative mRNA in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali B Corbett
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda St Paul
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tani Leigh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda M Peluzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachael N Okune
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dale S Haines
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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5
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Jiang Y, Qian HY. Transcription factors: key regulatory targets of vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2023; 29:2. [PMID: 36604627 PMCID: PMC9817296 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), leading to gradual occlusion of the arterial lumen, refers to the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory debris in the arterial wall. Despite therapeutic advances over past decades including intervention or surgery, atherosclerosis is still the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases and the main mechanism of death and disability worldwide. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an imperative role in the occurrence of atherosclerosis and throughout the whole stages. In the past, there was a lack of comprehensive understanding of VSMCs, but the development of identification technology, including in vivo single-cell sequencing technology and lineage tracing with the CreERT2-loxP system, suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and reevaluates well-established concepts about the contribution of VSMCs. Transcription factors, a kind of protein molecule that specifically recognizes and binds DNA upstream promoter regions or distal enhancer DNA elements, play a key role in the transcription initiation of the coding genes and are necessary for RNA polymerase to bind gene promoters. In this review, we highlight that, except for environmental factors, VSMC genes are transcriptionally regulated through complex interactions of multiple conserved cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors. In addition, through a series of transcription-related regulatory processes, VSMCs could undergo phenotypic transformation, proliferation, migration, calcification and apoptosis. Finally, enhancing or inhibiting transcription factors can regulate the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and the downstream molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation has also been widely studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037 China
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6
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Solignac J, Lacroix R, Arnaud L, Abdili E, Bouchouareb D, Burtey S, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Robert T. Rheopheresis Performed in Hemodialysis Patients Targets Endothelium and Has an Acute Anti-Inflammatory Effect. J Clin Med 2022; 12:105. [PMID: 36614906 PMCID: PMC9821709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheopheresis is a double-filtration plasmapheresis that removes a defined spectrum of high-molecular-weight proteins to lower plasma viscosity and improves microcirculation disorders. This technique can be performed in hemodialysis (HD) patients with severe microischemia. Interestingly, some studies showed that rheopheresis sessions improve endothelial function. Methods: Our study evaluated the inflammatory and endothelial biomarker evolution in 23 HD patients treated or not with rheopheresis. A p value ≤ 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirteen HD patients treated by rheopheresis either for a severe peripheral arterial disease (N = 8) or calciphylaxis (N = 5) were analyzed. Ten control HD patients were also included in order to avoid any misinterpretation of the rheopheresis effects in regard to the HD circuit. In the HD group without rheopheresis, the circulating endothelial adhesion molecules, cytokines, angiogenic factor concentrations, and circulating levels were not modified. In the HD group with rheopheresis, the circulating endothelial adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1, sP-selectin, and sE-selectin) experienced a significant reduction, except sICAM-1. Among the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α was significantly reduced by 32.6% [(−42.2)−(−22.5)] (p < 0.0001), while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased by 674% (306−1299) (p < 0.0001). Among the angiogenic factors, only sEndoglin experienced a significant reduction. The CEC level trended to increase from 13 (3−33) cells/mL to 43 (8−140) cells/mL (p = 0.002). We did not observe any difference on the pre-session values of the molecules of interest between the first rheopheresis session and the last rheopheresis session. Conclusion: Rheopheresis immediately modified the inflammation balance and the endothelial injury biomarkers. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these biological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Solignac
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Abdili
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Dammar Bouchouareb
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Robert
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
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7
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Lim L, Ki YJ, Kim H, Chu B, Choi IY, Choi DH, Song H. Plantamajoside Attenuates Neointima Formation via Upregulation of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Balloon-Injured Rats. J Med Food 2022; 25:503-512. [PMID: 35483086 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal change of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) behavior is an important cellular event leading to neointimal hyperplasia in atherosclerosis and restenosis. Plantamajoside (PMS), a phenylethanoid glycoside compound of the Plantago asiatica, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. In this study, the protective effects of PMS against intimal hyperplasia and the mechanisms underlying the regulation of VSMC behavior were investigated. MTT and BrdU assays were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell proliferative activity of PMS, respectively. Rat aortic VSMC migrations after treatment with the determined concentration of PMS (50 and 150 μM) were evaluated using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. The inhibitory effects of PMS on intimal hyperplasia were evaluated in balloon-injured (BI) rat carotid artery. PMS suppressed the proliferation in platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced VSMC, as confirmed from the decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2, CDK-4, cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels. PMS also inhibited VSMC migration, consistent with the downregulated expression and zymolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, and MMP13. PMS specifically regulated MMP expression through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase pathways. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1 and TIMP2 levels were upregulated via Smad1. TIMPs inhibited the conversion of pro-MMPs to active MMPs. PMS significantly inhibited neointimal formation in BI rat carotid arteries. In conclusion, PMS inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration by upregulating TIMP1 and TIMP2 expression. Therefore, PMS could be a potential therapeutic agent for vascular atherosclerosis and restenosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leejin Lim
- Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Ki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeonhwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byeongsam Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Heesang Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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8
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Botts SR, Fish JE, Howe KL. Dysfunctional Vascular Endothelium as a Driver of Atherosclerosis: Emerging Insights Into Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787541. [PMID: 35002720 PMCID: PMC8727904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the chronic accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaque within arteries, is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in high-income countries and recent years have witnessed a notable increase in prevalence within low- and middle-income regions of the world. Considering this prominent and evolving global burden, there is a need to identify the cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to discover novel therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating its clinical sequelae. Despite decades of research, we still do not fully understand the complex cell-cell interactions that drive atherosclerosis, but new investigative approaches are rapidly shedding light on these essential mechanisms. The vascular endothelium resides at the interface of systemic circulation and the underlying vessel wall and plays an essential role in governing pathophysiological processes during atherogenesis. In this review, we present emerging evidence that implicates the activated endothelium as a driver of atherosclerosis by directing site-specificity of plaque formation and by promoting plaque development through intracellular processes, which regulate endothelial cell proliferation and turnover, metabolism, permeability, and plasticity. Moreover, we highlight novel mechanisms of intercellular communication by which endothelial cells modulate the activity of key vascular cell populations involved in atherogenesis, and discuss how endothelial cells contribute to resolution biology - a process that is dysregulated in advanced plaques. Finally, we describe important future directions for preclinical atherosclerosis research, including epigenetic and targeted therapies, to limit the progression of atherosclerosis in at-risk or affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Glasow A, Patties I, Priest ND, Mitchel REJ, Hildebrandt G, Manda K. Dose and Dose Rate-Dependent Effects of Low-Dose Irradiation on Inflammatory Parameters in ApoE-Deficient and Wild Type Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3251. [PMID: 34831473 PMCID: PMC8625495 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory low-dose therapy is well established, whereas the immunomodulatory impact of doses below 0.1 Gy is much less clear. In this study, we investigated dose, dose rate and time-dependent effects in a dose range of 0.005 to 2 Gy on immune parameters after whole body irradiation (IR) using a pro-inflammatory (ApoE-/-) and a wild type mouse model. Long-term effects on spleen function (proliferation, monocyte expression) were analyzed 3 months, and short-term effects on immune plasma parameters (IL6, IL10, IL12p70, KC, MCP1, INFγ, TGFβ, fibrinogen, sICAM, sVCAM, sE-selectin/CD62) were analyzed 1, 7 and 28 days after Co60 γ-irradiation (IR) at low dose rate (LDR, 0.001 Gy/day) and at high dose rate (HDR). In vitro measurements of murine monocyte (WEHI-274.1) adhesion and cytokine release (KC, MCP1, IL6, TGFβ) after low-dose IR (150 kV X-ray unit) of murine endothelial cell (EC) lines (H5V, mlEND1, bEND3) supplement the data. RT-PCR revealed significant reduction of Ki67 and CD68 expression in the spleen of ApoE-/- mice after 0.025 to 2 Gy exposure at HDR, but only after 2 Gy at LDR. Plasma levels in wild type mice, showed non-linear time-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of TGFβ at doses as low as 0.005 Gy at both dose rates, whereas sICAM and fibrinogen levels changed in a dose rate-specific manner. In ApoE-/- mice, levels of sICAM increased and fibrinogen decreased at both dose rates, whereas TGFβ increased mainly at HDR. Non-irradiated plasma samples revealed significant age-related enhancement of cytokines and adhesion molecules except for sICAM. In vitro data indicate that endothelial cells may contribute to systemic IR effects and confirm changes of adhesion properties suggested by altered sICAM plasma levels. The differential immunomodulatory effects shown here provide insights in inflammatory changes occurring at doses far below standard anti-inflammatory therapy and are of particular importance after diagnostic and chronic environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nicholas D. Priest
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Ronald E. J. Mitchel
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (Retired), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada;
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.H.); (K.M.)
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10
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Rodriguez M, Chen J, Jain PP, Babicheva A, Xiong M, Li J, Lai N, Zhao T, Hernandez M, Balistrieri A, Parmisano S, Simonson T, Breen E, Valdez-Jasso D, Thistlethwaite PA, Shyy JYJ, Wang J, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Upregulation of Calcium Homeostasis Modulators in Contractile-To-Proliferative Phenotypical Transition of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:714785. [PMID: 34408668 PMCID: PMC8364962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.714785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and migration are implicated in the development of pathogenic pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by concentric arterial wall thickening and arteriole muscularization in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition is a process that promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [(Ca2+) cyt ] in PASMCs is a trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and a stimulus for pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here, we report that the calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM), a Ca2+ (and ATP) channel that is allosterically regulated by voltage and extracellular Ca2+, is upregulated during the PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Protein expression of CALHM1/2 in primary cultured PASMCs in media containing serum and growth factors (proliferative PASMC) was significantly greater than in freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMC) from the same rat. Upregulated CALHM1/2 in proliferative PASMCs were associated with an increased ratio of pAKT/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR and an increased expression of the cell proliferation marker PCNA, whereas serum starvation and rapamycin significantly downregulated CALHM1/2. Furthermore, CALHM1/2 were upregulated in freshly isolated PA from rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH and in primary cultured PASMC from patients with PAH in comparison to normal controls. Intraperitoneal injection of CGP 37157 (0.6 mg/kg, q8H), a non-selective blocker of CALHM channels, partially reversed established experimental PH. These data suggest that CALHM upregulation is involved in PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypical transition. Ca2+ influx through upregulated CALHM1/2 may play an important role in the transition of sustained vasoconstriction to excessive vascular remodeling in PAH or precapillary PH. Calcium homeostasis modulator could potentially be a target to develop novel therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pritesh P. Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mingmei Xiong
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Lai
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Moises Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ellen Breen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Valdez-Jasso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - John Y. -J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. -J. Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
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11
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Chang TI, Wu X, Boström KI, Tran HA, Couto-Souza PH, Friedlander AH. Panoramic imaged carotid atheromas are associated with increased neutrophil count: both validated, independent predictors of near-term myocardial infarction. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20210045. [PMID: 34111366 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Panoramic images (PXs) demonstrating calcified carotid artery atheromas (CCAAs) are associated with heightened risk of near-term myocardial infarction (MI). Elevated neutrophil counts (NC) within normal range 2,500-6,000 per mm3 are likewise associated with future MI signaling the role neutrophils play in the chronic inflammation process underlying coronary artery atherogenesis. We determined if CCAAs on PXs are associated with increased NC. METHODS Investigators implemented a retrospective study of PXs and accompanying medical records of white males ≥ 65 years treated by a VA dental service. Two groups (N = 60 each) were constituted, one with atheromas (CCAA+) and one without (CCAA-). Predictor variable was CCAA + and outcome variable was NC. Bootstrapping analysis determined the difference in mean NCs between two groups, significance set at ≤0.05. RESULTS The study group of (CCAA+) (mean age 75.9; range 69-91 years) demonstrated a mean NC of 4,843 per mm3 and control group (CCAA-) (mean age 75.3; range; 66-94) a mean NC of 4,108 per mm3. The difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.0008) (95% CI of difference of mean: -432, 431; observed effect size 736). CONCLUSIONS CCAAs on PXs of elderly white males are associated with elevated NC; amplifying need for medical consultation prior to invasive dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina I Chang
- Inpatient Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Veterans Affairs Great Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Cardiology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and at the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hoang-Anh Tran
- Periodontology, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paulo Henrique Couto-Souza
- Maxillofacial Radiology, Dentistry/School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Arthur H Friedlander
- Maxillofacial Surgery & Medicine, Dental Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Quality Assurance Hospital Dental Service, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and Professor-in-Residence of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Fang S, Cheng Y, Deng F, Zhang B. RNF34 ablation promotes cerebrovascular remodeling and hypertension by increasing NADPH-derived ROS generation. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105396. [PMID: 34015492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular remodeling is the most common cause of hypertension and stroke. Ubiquitin E3 ligase RING finger protein 34 (RNF34) is suggested to be associated with the development of multiple neurological diseases. However, the importance of RNF34 in cerebrovascular remodeling and hypertension is poorly understood. Herein, we used mice with a global RNF34 knockout as well as RNF34 floxed mice to delete RNF34 in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Our results showed that global RNF34 knockout mice substantially promoted angiotensin II (AngII)-induced middle cerebral artery (MCA) remodeling, hypertension, and neurological dysfunction. Endothelial cell RNF34 did not regulate the development of hypertension. Rather, SMC RNF34 expression is a critical regulator of hypertension and MCA remodeling. Loss of RNF34 enhanced AngII-induced mouse brain vascular SMCs (MBVSMCs) proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, MCA and MBVSMCs from SMC RNF34-deficient mice showed increased superoxide anion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, but exhibited no marked effect on mitochondria-derived ROS. Knockout of RNF34 promoted p22phox expression, leading to increased binding of p22phox/p47phox and p22phox/NOX2, and eventually NADPH oxidase complex formation. Immunoprecipitation assay identified that RNF34 interacted with p22phox. RNF34 deletion increased p22phox protein stability by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Blockade of NADPH oxidase activity or knockdown of p22phox significantly abolished the effects of RNF34 deletion on cerebrovascular remodeling and hypertension. Collectively, our study demonstrates that SMC RNF34 deficiency promotes cerebrovascular SMC hyperplasia and remodeling by increased NADPH-derived ROS generation via reducing p22phox ubiquitin-dependent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Teaching Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Teaching Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Teaching Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Beilin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Teaching Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gao X, Qian J, Yang J, Sun W, Wang H, Yang Y. Resistin-like molecule beta augments phenotypic modulation of human aortic smooth muscle cell triggered by high glucose. Endocr J 2021; 68:461-468. [PMID: 33441498 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular muscle cells (VSMCs) participate in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Resistin-like molecule beta (Relmβ) contributes to atherosclerosis development by activating macrophage. This study aims to investigate whether Relmβ regulates VSMC phenotypic modulation under high glucose environment. Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured and treated with Relmβ in the presence or absence of high glucose. VSMC phenotypic modulation was assessed by expression of related markers. The migration of VSMCs was detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay. The proliferation of VSMCs was measured using CCK-8 assay. In this study, we observed that Relmβ modulated VSMC phenotypic modulation by down-regulating expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and calponin while up-regulating expression of osteopontin (OPN). Relmβ increased the expression of inflammatory genes in VSMCs. Relmβ also augmented VSMCs migration as well as proliferation. It is worth noting that all the effects of VSMCs were enhanced upon high glucose stimulation. The phosphorylation levels of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 were increased by co-treatment with Relmβ and high glucose. The p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor RWJ64809 and pERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs induced by Relmβ and high glucose. Our results provide evidence that Relmβ augments phenotypic modulation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cell induced by high glucose. Relmβ might be a potential target for treatment of atherosclerosis induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiali Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanwan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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14
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Navas-Madroñal M, Castelblanco E, Camacho M, Consegal M, Ramirez-Morros A, Sarrias MR, Perez P, Alonso N, Galán M, Mauricio D. Role of the Scavenger Receptor CD36 in Accelerated Diabetic Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197360. [PMID: 33028031 PMCID: PMC7583063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus entails increased atherosclerotic burden and medial arterial calcification, but the precise mechanisms are not fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the implication of CD36 in inflammation and calcification processes orchestrated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under hyperglycemic and atherogenic conditions. We examined the expression of CD36, pro-inflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, and mineralization-regulating enzymes by RT-PCR in human VSMCs, cultured in a medium containing normal (5 mM) or high glucose (22 mM) for 72 h with or without oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) (24 h). The uptake of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate-fluorescently (DiI) labeled oxLDL was quantified by flow cytometry and fluorimetry and calcification assays were performed in VSMC cultured in osteogenic medium and stained by alizarin red. We observed induction in the expression of CD36, cytokines, calcification markers, and ER stress markers under high glucose that was exacerbated by oxLDL. These results were confirmed in carotid plaques from subjects with diabetes versus non-diabetic subjects. Accordingly, the uptake of DiI-labeled oxLDL was increased after exposure to high glucose. The silencing of CD36 reduced the induction of CD36 and the expression of calcification enzymes and mineralization of VSMC. Our results indicate that CD36 signaling is partially involved in hyperglycemia and oxLDL-induced vascular calcification in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- CD36 Antigens/genetics
- CD36 Antigens/metabolism
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Diabetes Complications/genetics
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Glucose/adverse effects
- Humans
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/pathology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/genetics
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navas-Madroñal
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.N.-M.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.N.-M.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
- Center for Biomedical Research on Cardiovascular Disease (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Consegal
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.N.-M.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Ramirez-Morros
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Maria Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Center for Biomedical Research on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paulina Perez
- Department of Angiology & Vascular Surgery, University Hospital and Health Sciences Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - María Galán
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.N.-M.); (M.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (D.M.); Tel.: +34-93-556-56-22 (M.G.); +34-93-556-56-61 (D.M.); Fax: +34-93-556-55-59 (M.G.); +34-93-556-56-02 (D.M.)
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research on Cardiovascular Disease (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (D.M.); Tel.: +34-93-556-56-22 (M.G.); +34-93-556-56-61 (D.M.); Fax: +34-93-556-55-59 (M.G.); +34-93-556-56-02 (D.M.)
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15
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Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckolon Attenuates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Phenotype Switching in Hyperlipidemia through Modulation of Chemokine Receptor 5. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080393. [PMID: 32727125 PMCID: PMC7460451 DOI: 10.3390/md18080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and phenotype switching from contractile to synthetic. This process is involved in arterial remodeling via the chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5)/chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) pathway. Arterial remodeling is related to atherosclerosis or intimal hyperplasia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) from E. cava reduces VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching via the CCL5/CCR5 pathway. The CCL5/CCR5 expression, VSMC proliferation and phenotypic alterations were evaluated using a cell model of VSMC exposed in hyperlipidemia, and an animal model of mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD). The expression of CCL5/CCR5 increased in both the cell and animal models of hyperlipidemia. Treatment with PPB decreased CCL5/CCR5 expression in both models. The expression of contractile markers of VSMCs, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and smooth muscle protein 22 alpha (SM22α), were decreased by hyperlipidemia and restored after treatment with PPB. The silencing of CCR5 attenuated the effects of PPB treatment. VSMC proliferation and the intima-media thickness of the aortas, increased with HFD and decreased after treatment with PPB. The VSMC proliferation ratio and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of cell cycle regulatory factors increased in the in vitro model and were restored after treatment with PPB. PPB treatment reduced VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching induced by hyperlipidemia through inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 pathway.
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16
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Doddapattar P, Dev R, Jain M, Dhanesha N, Chauhan AK. Differential Roles of Endothelial Cell-Derived and Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain A in Early and Late Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1738-1747. [PMID: 32434411 PMCID: PMC7337357 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The extracellular matrix of atherosclerotic arteries contains abundant deposits of cellular Fn-EDA (fibronectin containing extra domain A), suggesting a functional role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Fn-EDA is synthesized by several cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are known to contribute to different stages of atherosclerosis. Although previous studies using global Fn-EDA-deficient mice have demonstrated that Fn-EDA is proatherogenic, the cell-specific role of EC versus SMC-derived-Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis has not been investigated yet. Approach and Results: To determine the relative contribution of different pools of Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis, we generated mutant strains lacking Fn-EDA in the ECs (Fn-EDAEC-KO) or smooth muscle cells (Fn-EDASMC-KO) on apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) background. The extent of atherosclerotic lesion progression was evaluated in whole aortae, and cross-sections of the aortic sinus in male and female mice fed a high-fat Western diet for either 4 weeks (early atherosclerosis) or 14 weeks (late atherosclerosis). Irrespective of sex, Fn-EDAEC-KO, but not Fn-EDASMC-KO mice, exhibited significantly reduced early atherogenesis concomitant with decrease in inflammatory cells (neutrophil and macrophage) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression levels within the plaques. In late atherosclerosis model, irrespective of sex, Fn-EDASMC-KO mice exhibited significantly reduced atherogenesis, but not Fn-EDAEC-KO mice, that was concomitant with decreased macrophage content within plaques. Lesional SMCs, collagen content, and plasma inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α] and IL-1β [interleukin-1β]), total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were comparable among groups. CONCLUSIONS EC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to early atherosclerosis, whereas SMC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to late atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Fibronectins/deficiency
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Lipids/blood
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Doddapattar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Manish Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Anil K. Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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17
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5 α,6 α-Epoxyphytosterols and 5 α,6 α-Epoxycholesterol Increase Nitrosative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Rats on Low-Cholesterol Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4751803. [PMID: 32587660 PMCID: PMC7298340 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4751803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Oxidized cholesterol derivatives are compounds with proven atherogenic and mutagenic effects. However, little is known about the effect of oxidized plant sterol derivatives (oxyphytosterols), whose structure is similar to the one of oxycholesterols. Our previous studies indicate that they have a similar profile of action, e.g., both exacerbate disorder of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in experimental animals. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of epoxycholesterol and epoxyphytosterols (mainly sitosterol) on the severity of nitrosative stress and the concentration of selected proinflammatory cytokines in blood and liver tissue of rats on a low-cholesterol diet. Material and Methods. Forty-five male Wistar rats were fed with feed containing 5α,6α-epoxyphytosterols (ES group, n: 15), 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol (ECh group, n: 15), and oxysterol-free feed (C group, n: 15) for 90 days (daily dose of oxysterols: 10 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, nitrotyrosine, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and lipid metabolism parameters were determined in blood serum. Furthermore, nitrotyrosine, TNF-α, cholesterol, and triglyceride content were determined in liver homogenates. Results Serum nitrotyrosine, IL-1β, and TNF-α concentrations as well as TNF-α content in the liver were significantly higher in both groups exposed to oxysterols (ECh and ES groups) as compared to the C group. The serum IL-6 level and nitrotyrosine content in the liver were significantly higher in the ECh group, as compared to the C and ES groups. There was evidence to support the dyslipidemic effect of studied compounds. Conclusions The results indicate that oxidized plant sterols have a similar toxicity profile to that of oxycholesterols, including nitrosative stress induction, proinflammatory effect, and impaired lipid metabolism.
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Interleukin-17 Reduces βENaC via MAPK Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082953. [PMID: 32331392 PMCID: PMC7215799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerin proteins, such as the beta epithelial Na+ channel (βENaC), are essential in the intracellular signaling of pressure-induced constriction, an important vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. While certain cytokines reduce ENaC protein in epithelial tissue, it is unknown if interleukin-17 (IL-17), a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, directly mediates changes in membrane-associated βENaC in VSMCs. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to IL-17 reduces βENaC in VSMCs through canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. We treated cultured rat VSMCs (A10 cell line) with IL-17 (1–100 ng/mL) for 15 min to 16 h and measured expression of βENaC, p38MAPK, c-jun kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). IL-17 reduced βENaC protein expression in a concentration-dependent fashion and increased phosphorylation of p38MAPK by 15 min and JNK by 8 h. NFκB was unaffected by IL-17 in VSMCs. IL-17 treatment reduced VSMC viability but had no effect on cell death. To determine the underlying signaling pathway involved in this response, VSMCs were treated before and during IL-17 exposure with p38MAPK or JNK inhibitors. We found that JNK blockade prevented IL-17-mediated βENaC protein suppression. These data demonstrate that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 regulates VSMC βENaC via canonical MAPK signaling pathways, raising the possibility that βENaC-mediated loss of VSMC function may occur in inflammatory disorders.
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19
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Roula D, Theiler A, Luschnig P, Sturm GJ, Tomazic PV, Marsche G, Heinemann A, Sturm EM. Apolipoprotein A-IV acts as an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein and is reduced in treatment-naïve allergic patients and allergen-challenged mice. Allergy 2020; 75:392-402. [PMID: 31408538 PMCID: PMC7065107 DOI: 10.1111/all.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies pointed to a crucial role for apolipoproteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of apolipoprotein‐IV (ApoA‐IV) in allergic inflammation has not been addressed thoroughly thus far. Objective Here, we explored the anti‐inflammatory effects and underlying signaling pathways of ApoA‐IV on eosinophil effector function in vitro and in vivo. Methods Migratory responsiveness, Ca2+‐flux and apoptosis of human peripheral blood eosinophils were assessed in vitro. Allergen‐driven airway inflammation was assessed in a mouse model of acute house dust mite‐induced asthma. ApoA‐IV serum levels were determined by ELISA. Results Recombinant ApoA‐IV potently inhibited eosinophil responsiveness in vitro as measured by Ca2+‐flux, shape change, integrin (CD11b) expression, and chemotaxis. The underlying molecular mechanism involved the activation of Rev‐ErbA‐α and induced a PI3K/PDK1/PKA‐dependent signaling cascade. Systemic application of ApoA‐IV prevented airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia in mice following allergen challenge. ApoA‐IV levels were decreased in serum from allergic patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Our data suggest that ApoA‐IV is an endogenous anti‐inflammatory protein that potently suppresses effector cell functions in eosinophils. Thus, exogenously applied ApoA‐IV may represent a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of allergic inflammation and other eosinophil‐driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roula
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Anna Theiler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Gunter J. Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Eva M. Sturm
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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20
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Fais RS, Rodrigues FL, Pereira CA, Mendes AC, Mestriner F, Tostes RC, Carneiro FS. The inflammasome NLRP3 plays a dual role on mouse corpora cavernosa relaxation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16224. [PMID: 31700106 PMCID: PMC6838322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 plays a role in vascular diseases. Corpora cavernosa (CC) is an extension of the vasculature. We hypothesize that NLRP3 plays a deleterious role in CC relaxation. Male C57BL/6 (WT) and NLRP3 deficient (NLRP3−/−) mice were used. Intracavernosal pressure (ICP/MAP) measurement was performed. Functional responses were obtained from CC strips of WT and NLRP3−/− mice before and after MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor) or LPS + ATP (NLRP3 stimulation). NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, eNOS, nNOS, guanylyl cyclase-β1 (GCβ1) and PKG1 protein expressions were determined. ICP/MAP and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation in CC were decreased in NLRP3−/− mice. Caspase-1, IL-1β and eNOS activity were increased, but PKG1 was reduced in CC of NLRP3−/−. MCC950 decreased non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC), acetylcholine (ACh), and SNP-induced relaxation in WT mice. MCC950 did not alter NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β, but reduced GCβ1 expression. Although LPS + ATP decreased ACh- and SNP-, it increased NANC-induced relaxation in CC from WT, but not from NLRP3−/− mice. LPS + ATP increased NLRP3, caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Conversely, it reduced eNOS activity and GCβ1 expression. NLRP3 plays a dual role in CC relaxation, with its inhibition leading to impairment of nitric oxide-mediated relaxation, while its activation by LPS + ATP causes decreased CC sensitivity to NO and endothelium-dependent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Fais
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Rodrigues
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan C Mendes
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Mestriner
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Resveratrol Inhibits MMP3 and MMP9 Expression and Secretion by Suppressing TLR4/NF- κB/STAT3 Activation in Ox-LDL-Treated HUVECs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9013169. [PMID: 31583048 PMCID: PMC6754947 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9013169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim Resveratrol is a natural plant polyphenol. The present study investigated the effects of resveratrol on the Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. The secretion of MMPs was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animal experiments were performed with and without resveratrol treatment in high-fat chow-fed mice. Results Resveratrol inhibited the expression of TLR4, MMP3, and MMP9 in ox-LDL- and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated HUVECs. Resveratrol reduced the secretion of MMP3 and MMP9 that was induced by ox-LDL and LPS. The TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 similarly suppressed the expression and secretion of MMP3 and MMP9 in ox-LDL- and LPS-treated HUVECs. Resveratrol attenuated the phosphorylation of the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that was induced by ox-LDL and LPS. Resveratrol recovered Sirt1 expression. In the animal experiments, resveratrol decreased TLR4 expression in the aorta, MMP9 levels in plasma, and vascular structural changes in high-fat chow-fed mice, with no significant effect on plasma MMP3 levels. Conclusion Resveratrol inhibited the TLR4-mediated expression and secretion of MMP3 and MMP9 in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. The mechanism of action of resveratrol may be associated with the suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation and restoration of Sirt1 expression. Resveratrol exerts protective effects against vascular structural changes in high-fat chow-fed mice.
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22
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Un-JAMming atherosclerotic arteries: JAM-L as a target to attenuate plaque development. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1581-1585. [PMID: 31331991 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and a major driver of heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis development is driven by the infiltration of leukocytes, including monocytes and neutrophils, among other inflammatory cells into the artery wall, monocyte differentiation to macrophages and uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein. Macrophage activation and inflammatory cytokine production are major factors which drive ongoing inflammation and plaque development. Identification of novel pathways driving this on-going inflammatory process may provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In their article published in Clinical Science (2019) (vol 133, 1215-1228), Sun and colleagues demonstrate a novel role for the junction adhesion molecule-like (JAML) protein in driving on-going atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and plaque development. They report that JAML is expressed in macrophages and other cells in atherosclerotic plaques in both humans and mice, and that silencing JAML expression attenuates atherosclerotic plaque progression in mouse models of early and late stage plaque development. They demonstrate that JAML is required for oxidized-low density lipoprotein (OxLDL)-induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages, pointing to it as a potential therapeutic target for reducing ongoing plaque inflammation.
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23
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Higashi Y, Gautam S, Delafontaine P, Sukhanov S. IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 45:6-16. [PMID: 30735831 PMCID: PMC6504961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory arterial pathogenic condition, which leads to ischemic cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder and its pathophysiology is highly complex. Changes in expression of multiple genes coupled with environmental and lifestyle factors initiate cascades of adverse events involving multiple types of cells (e.g. vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages). IGF-1 is a pleiotropic factor, which is found in the circulation (endocrine IGF-1) and is also produced locally in arteries (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells). IGF-1 exerts a variety of effects on these cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In fact, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that IGF-1 has beneficial effects on the biology of atherosclerosis. This review will discuss recent findings relating to clinical investigations on the relation between IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease and basic research using animal models of atherosclerosis that have elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying atheroprotective effects of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - Sandeep Gautam
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Patrick Delafontaine
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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24
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Mittal R, Jhaveri VM, Kay SIS, Greer A, Sutherland KJ, McMurry HS, Lin N, Mittal J, Malhotra AK, Patel AP. Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Development of Treatment Modalities. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:19-32. [PMID: 29737266 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180508111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying pathology for cardiovascular disease is largely atherosclerotic in nature and the steps include fatty streak formation, plaque progression and plaque rupture. While there is optimal drug therapy available for patients with CVD, there are also underlying drug delivery obstacles that must be addressed. Challenges in drug delivery warrant further studies for the development of novel and more efficacious medical therapies. An extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease in combination with current challenges in drug delivery serves as a platform for the development of novel drug therapeutic targets for CVD. The objective of this article is to review the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, first-line medical treatment for CVD, and key obstacles in an efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Sae-In Samantha Kay
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida FL, United States
| | - Aubrey Greer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Kyle J Sutherland
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Hannah S McMurry
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Nicole Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Arul K Malhotra
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Amit P Patel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida FL, United States
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25
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C1q and TNF related protein 1 regulates expression of inflammatory genes in vascular smooth muscle cells. Genes Genomics 2018; 41:397-406. [PMID: 30474828 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C1q and TNF related protein 1 (C1QTNF1) is known to be associated with coronary artery diseases. However, the molecular function of C1QTNF1 on the vascular smooth muscles remains to be investigated. OBJECTIVE This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of C1QTNF1 on gene expression of human smooth muscle cells and to reveal potential molecular mechanisms mediated by C1QTNF1. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated with recombinant C1QTNF1 for 16 h, followed by determining any change in mRNA expressions by Affymetrix genechip. Gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were analyzed in differentially expressed genes. In addition, validation of microarray data was performed using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of annotated 74 genes were significantly altered after incubation with recombinant C1QTNF1; 41 genes were up-regulated and 33 down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in biological processes and KEGG pathways associated with inflammatory responses. In the PPI network analysis, IL-6, CCL2, and ICAM1 were identified as potential key genes with relatively high degree. The cluster analysis in the PPI network identified a significant module composed of upregulated genes, such as IL-6, CCL2, NFKBIA, SOD2, and ICAM1. The quantitative real-time PCR results of potential key genes were consistent with microarray data. CONCLUSION The results in the present study provide insights on the effects of C1QTNF1 on gene expression of smooth muscle cells. We believe our findings will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regarding the functions of C1QTNF1 on smooth muscle cells in inflammatory diseases.
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26
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Jang SA, Park DW, Sohn EH, Lee SR, Kang SC. Hyperoside suppresses tumor necrosis factor α-mediated vascular inflammatory responses by downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Frismantiene A, Philippova M, Erne P, Resink TJ. Smooth muscle cell-driven vascular diseases and molecular mechanisms of VSMC plasticity. Cell Signal 2018; 52:48-64. [PMID: 30172025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cell type in blood vessels. Unlike many other mature cell types in the adult body, VSMC do not terminally differentiate but retain a remarkable plasticity. Fully differentiated medial VSMCs of mature vessels maintain quiescence and express a range of genes and proteins important for contraction/dilation, which allows them to control systemic and local pressure through the regulation of vascular tone. In response to vascular injury or alterations in local environmental cues, differentiated/contractile VSMCs are capable of switching to a dedifferentiated phenotype characterized by increased proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis in concert with decreased expression of contractile markers. Imbalanced VSMC plasticity results in maladaptive phenotype alterations that ultimately lead to progression of a variety of VSMC-driven vascular diseases. The nature, extent and consequences of dysregulated VSMC phenotype alterations are diverse, reflecting the numerous environmental cues (e.g. biochemical factors, extracellular matrix components, physical) that prompt VSMC phenotype switching. In spite of decades of efforts to understand cues and processes that normally control VSMC differentiation and their disruption in VSMC-driven disease states, the crucial molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways that shape the VSMC phenotype programme have still not yet been precisely elucidated. In this article we introduce the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle/VSMCs, outline VSMC-driven cardiovascular diseases and the concept of VSMC phenotype switching, and review molecular mechanisms that play crucial roles in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Frismantiene
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Philippova
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Therese J Resink
- Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Modulation of Inflammatory Reactions by Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Cytokine Release of Murine Endothelial Cells Is Dependent on Culture Conditions. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2856518. [PMID: 29967799 PMCID: PMC6008836 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2856518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many European countries, patients with a variety of chronical inflammatory diseases are treated with low-dose radiotherapy (LD-RT). In contrast to high-dose irradiation given to tumor patients, little is known about radiobiological mechanisms underlying this clinical successful LD-RT application. The objective of this study was to gain a better insight into the modulation of inflammatory reactions after LD-RT on the basis of endothelial cells (EC) as major participants and regulators of inflammation. Methods Three murine EC lines were cultivated under 2D and 3D culture conditions and irradiated with doses from 0.01 Gy to 2 Gy. To simulate an inflammatory situation, cells were activated with TNF-α. After LD-RT, a screening of numerous inflammatory markers was determined by multiplex assay, followed by detailed analyses of four cytokines (KC, MCP-1, RANTES, and G-CSF). Additionally, the monocyte binding to EC was analyzed. Results Cytokine concentrations were dependent on culture condition, IR dose, time point after IR, and EC origin. IR caused nonlinear dose-dependent effects on secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines KC, MCP-1, and RANTES. The monocyte adhesion was significantly enhanced after IR as well as activation. Conclusions The study shows that LD-RT, also using very low radiation doses, has a clear immunomodulatory effect on EC as major participants and regulators of inflammation.
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29
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Batton KA, Austin CO, Bruno KA, Burger CD, Shapiro BP, Fairweather D. Sex differences in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of infection and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of disease. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29669571 PMCID: PMC5907450 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Registry data worldwide indicate an overall female predominance for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of 2–4 over men. Genetic predisposition accounts for only 1–5% of PAH cases, while autoimmune diseases and infections are closely linked to PAH. Idiopathic PAH may include patients with undiagnosed autoimmune diseases based on the relatively high presence of autoantibodies in this group. The two largest PAH registries to date report a sex ratio for autoimmune connective tissue disease-associated PAH of 9:1 female to male, highlighting the need for future studies to analyze subgroup data according to sex. Autoimmune diseases that have been associated with PAH include female-dominant systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, and thyroiditis as well as male-dominant autoimmune diseases like myocarditis which has been linked to HIV-associated PAH. The sex-specific association of PAH to certain infections and autoimmune diseases suggests that sex hormones and inflammation may play an important role in driving the pathogenesis of disease. However, there is a paucity of data on sex differences in inflammation in PAH, and more research is needed to better understand the pathogenesis underlying PAH in men and women. This review uses data on sex differences in PAH and PAH-associated autoimmune diseases from registries to provide insight into the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Batton
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Katelyn A Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Charles D Burger
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Brian P Shapiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Ricci C, Ruscica M, Camera M, Rossetti L, Macchi C, Colciago A, Zanotti I, Lupo MG, Adorni MP, Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Corsini A, Ferri N. PCSK9 induces a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29396513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20425-x.pmid:29396513;pmcid:pmc5797178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraplaque release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages is implicated in atherogenesis by inducing the proliferation and migration of media smooth muscle cells (SMCs). PCSK9 is present and released by SMCs within the atherosclerotic plaque but its function is still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that PCSK9 could elicit a pro-inflammatory effect on macrophages. THP-1-derived macrophages and human primary macrophages were exposed to different concentrations (0.250 ÷ 2.5 µg/ml) of human recombinant PCSK9 (hPCSK9). After 24 h incubation with 2.5 µg/ml PCSK9, a significant induction of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL2, and MCP1 mRNA, were observed in both cell types. Co-culture of THP-1 macrophages with HepG2 overexpressing hPCSK9 also showed the induction of TNF-α (2.4 ± 0.5 fold) and IL-1β (8.6 ± 1.8 fold) mRNA in macrophages. The effect of hPCSK9 on TNF-α mRNA in murine LDLR-/- bone marrow macrophages (BMM) was significantly impaired as compared to wild-type BMM (4.3 ± 1.6 fold vs 31.1 ± 6.1 fold for LDLR-/- and LDLR+/+, respectively). Finally, a positive correlation between PCSK9 and TNF-α plasma levels of healthy adult subjects (males 533, females 537) was observed (B = 8.73, 95%CI 7.54 ÷ 9.93, p < 0.001). Taken together, the present study provides evidence of a pro-inflammatory action of PCSK9 on macrophages, mainly dependent by the LDLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Camera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Macchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colciago
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Lupo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Abstract
Intraplaque release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages is implicated in atherogenesis by inducing the proliferation and migration of media smooth muscle cells (SMCs). PCSK9 is present and released by SMCs within the atherosclerotic plaque but its function is still unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that PCSK9 could elicit a pro-inflammatory effect on macrophages. THP-1-derived macrophages and human primary macrophages were exposed to different concentrations (0.250 ÷ 2.5 µg/ml) of human recombinant PCSK9 (hPCSK9). After 24 h incubation with 2.5 µg/ml PCSK9, a significant induction of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL2, and MCP1 mRNA, were observed in both cell types. Co-culture of THP-1 macrophages with HepG2 overexpressing hPCSK9 also showed the induction of TNF-α (2.4 ± 0.5 fold) and IL-1β (8.6 ± 1.8 fold) mRNA in macrophages. The effect of hPCSK9 on TNF-α mRNA in murine LDLR−/− bone marrow macrophages (BMM) was significantly impaired as compared to wild-type BMM (4.3 ± 1.6 fold vs 31.1 ± 6.1 fold for LDLR−/− and LDLR+/+, respectively). Finally, a positive correlation between PCSK9 and TNF-α plasma levels of healthy adult subjects (males 533, females 537) was observed (B = 8.73, 95%CI 7.54 ÷ 9.93, p < 0.001). Taken together, the present study provides evidence of a pro-inflammatory action of PCSK9 on macrophages, mainly dependent by the LDLR.
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Goikuria H, Vandenbroeck K, Alloza I. Inflammation in human carotid atheroma plaques. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:62-70. [PMID: 29396056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in carotid atherosclerotic plaque is linked to plaque rupture and cerebrovascular accidents. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators governs development of the plaque, and may mediate enhancement of lesion broadening or, on the contrary, delay progression. In addition to macrophages and endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are the dominant cell subset in advanced plaques, are crucial players in carotid atherosclerosis development given their ability to differentiate into distinct phenotypes in reponse to specific signals received from the environment of the lesion. Carotid atheroma SMCs actively contribute to the inflammation in the lesion because of their acquired capacity to produce inflammatory mediators. We review the successive stages of carotid atheroma plaque formation via fatty streak early-stage toward more advanced rupture-prone lesions and document involvement of cytokines and chemokines and their cellular sources and targets in plaque progression and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haize Goikuria
- Neurogenomiks, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; ACHUCARRO, Basque Centre for Neuroscience, Science Park of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), SEDE Building, 3rd, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Neurogenomiks, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; ACHUCARRO, Basque Centre for Neuroscience, Science Park of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), SEDE Building, 3rd, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iraide Alloza
- Neurogenomiks, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; ACHUCARRO, Basque Centre for Neuroscience, Science Park of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), SEDE Building, 3rd, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Inflammation-regulated mRNA stability and the progression of vascular inflammatory diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2687-2699. [PMID: 29109302 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a major medical and socioeconomic burden in developed and developing societies, and will increase with an aging and increasingly sedentary society. Vascular disease and atherosclerotic vascular syndromes are essentially inflammatory disorders, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes play essential roles in the ability of resident vascular and inflammatory cells to adapt to environmental stimuli. The regulation of mRNA translocation, stability, and translation are key processes of post-transcriptional regulation that permit these cells to rapidly respond to inflammatory stimuli. For the most part, these processes are controlled by elements in the 3'-UTR of labile, proinflammatory transcripts. Since proinflammatory transcripts almost exclusively contain AU-rich elements (AREs), this represents a tightly regulated and specific mechanism for initiation and maintenance of the proinflammatory phenotype. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) recognize cis elements in 3'-UTR, and regulate each of these processes, but there is little literature exploring the concept that RBPs themselves can be directly regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Conceptually, inflammation-responsive RBPs represent an attractive target of rational therapies to combat vascular inflammatory syndromes. Herein we briefly describe the cellular and molecular etiology of atherosclerosis, and summarize our current understanding of RBPs and their specific roles in regulation of inflammatory mRNA stability. We also detail RBPs as targets of current anti-inflammatory modalities and how this may translate into better treatment for vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Patel AK, Suri HS, Singh J, Kumar D, Shafique S, Nicolaides A, Jain SK, Saba L, Gupta A, Laird JR, Giannopoulos A, Suri JS. A Review on Atherosclerotic Biology, Wall Stiffness, Physics of Elasticity, and Its Ultrasound-Based Measurement. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 18:83. [PMID: 27830569 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-016-0635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural changes in the common carotid artery are biomarkers for cardiovascular risk. Current methods for measuring functional changes include pulse wave velocity, compliance, distensibility, strain, stress, stiffness, and elasticity derived from arterial waveforms. The review is focused on the ultrasound-based carotid artery elasticity and stiffness measurements covering the physics of elasticity and linking it to biological evolution of arterial stiffness. The paper also presents evolution of plaque with a focus on the pathophysiologic cascade leading to arterial hardening. Using the concept of strain, and image-based elasticity, the paper then reviews the lumen diameter and carotid intima-media thickness measurements in combined temporal and spatial domains. Finally, the review presents the factors which influence the understanding of atherosclerotic disease formation and cardiovascular risk including arterial stiffness, tissue morphological characteristics, and image-based elasticity measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop K Patel
- Department of Computer Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Jaskaran Singh
- Department of Computer Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Point-of-Care Devices, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc., Roseville, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjay K Jain
- Department of Computer Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Radiology Department, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Laird
- UC Davis Vascular Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jasjit S Suri
- Vascular Diagnostic Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Idaho (Affl.), Moscow, ID, USA. .,Diagnosis and Stroke Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA.
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36
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Peiró C, Lorenzo Ó, Carraro R, Sánchez-Ferrer CF. IL-1β Inhibition in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28659798 PMCID: PMC5468794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that affects nowadays millions of people worldwide. In adults, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for the majority of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. The course of the T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance and a progressive loss of β-cell mass. DM is associated with a number of related complications, among which cardiovascular complications and atherosclerosis are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from the disease. DM is acknowledged as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state characterized by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, which reinforce inflammatory signals thus contributing to the development of complications. In this context, the pharmacological approaches to treat diabetes should not only correct hyperglycaemia, but also attenuate inflammation and prevent the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Over the last years, novel biological drugs have been developed to antagonize the pathophysiological actions of IL-1β. The drugs currently used in clinical practice are anakinra, a recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist, the soluble decoy receptor rilonacept and the monoclonal antibodies canakinumab and gevokizumab. This review will summarize the main experimental and clinical findings obtained with pharmacological IL-1β inhibitors in the context of the cardiovascular complications of DM, and discuss the perspectives of IL-1β inhibitors as novel therapeutic tools for treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Carraro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, Hospital de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
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Wodicka JR, Chambers AM, Sangha GS, Goergen CJ, Panitch A. Development of a Glycosaminoglycan Derived, Selectin Targeting Anti-Adhesive Coating to Treat Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10020036. [PMID: 28353658 PMCID: PMC5490393 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is associated with many disease states including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), chronic kidney disease, sepsis and diabetes. Loss of the glycocalyx, a thin glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich layer on the EC surface, is a key feature of endothelial dysfunction and increases exposure of EC adhesion molecules such as selectins, which are involved in platelet binding to ECs. Once bound, platelets cause thrombus formation and an increased inflammatory response. We have developed a GAG derived, selectin targeting anti-adhesive coating (termed EC-SEAL) consisting of a dermatan sulfate backbone and multiple selectin-binding peptides designed to bind to inflamed endothelium and prevent platelet binding to create a more quiescent endothelial state. Multiple EC-SEAL variants were evaluated and the lead variant was found to preferentially bind to selectin-expressing ECs and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and inhibit platelet binding and activation in a dose-dependent manner. In an in vivo model of DVT, treatment with the lead variant resulted in reduced thrombus formation. These results indicate that EC-SEAL has promise as a potential therapeutic in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Wodicka
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Andrea M Chambers
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Gurneet S Sangha
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to identify the role of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fractalkine in CHD-associated pulmonary hypertension in children. METHODS This is a prospective review of 37 children with CHD-related pulmonary hypertension, 21 children with congenital heart defects, and 22 healthy children. RESULTS Serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were significantly higher in the children with CHD-related pulmonary hypertension (respectively, p=0.049 and 0.026). Serum C-reactive protein concentrations correlated negatively with ejection fraction (r=-0.609, p=0.001) and fractional shortening (r=-0.452, p=0.007) in the pulmonary hypertension group. Serum fractalkine concentrations correlated negatively with ejection fraction (r=-0.522, p=0.002) and fractional shortening (r=-0.395, p=0.021) in the children with pulmonary hypertension. Serum interleukin-6 concentrations also correlated negatively with Qs (r=-0.572, p=0.021), positively with Rs (r=0.774, p=0.001), and positively with pulmonary wedge pressure (r=0.796, p=0.006) in the pulmonary hypertension group. A cut-off value of 2.2 IU/L for C-reactive protein was able to predict pulmonary hypertension with 77.5% sensitivity and 77.5% specificity. When the cut-off point for interleukin-6 concentration was 57.5 pg/ml, pulmonary hypertension could be predicted with 80% sensitivity and 75% specificity. CONCLUSION Inflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension. The inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 may have a role in the clinical evaluation of paediatric pulmonary hypertension related to CHDs.
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Gabunia K, Herman AB, Ray M, Kelemen SE, England RN, DeLa Cadena R, Foster WJ, Elliott KJ, Eguchi S, Autieri MV. Induction of MiR133a expression by IL-19 targets LDLRAP1 and reduces oxLDL uptake in VSMC. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:38-48. [PMID: 28257760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells [VSMC] into foam cells leading to increased plaque size and decreased stability is a key, yet understudied step in atherogenesis. We reported that Interleukin-19 (IL-19), a novel, anti-inflammatory cytokine, attenuates atherosclerosis by anti-inflammatory effects on VSMC. In this work we report that IL-19 induces expression of miR133a, a muscle-specific miRNA, in VSMC. Although previously unreported, we report that miR133a can target and reduce mRNA abundance, mRNA stability, and protein expression of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Adaptor Protein 1, (LDLRAP1), an adaptor protein which functions to internalize the LDL receptor. Mutations in this gene lead to LDL receptor malfunction and cause the Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolemia (ARH) disorder in humans. Herein we show that IL-19 reduces lipid accumulation in VSMC, and LDLRAP1 expression and oxLDL uptake in a miR133a-dependent mechanism. We show that LDLRAP1 is expressed in plaque and neointimal VSMC of mouse and human injured arteries. Transfection of miR133a and LDLRAP1 siRNA into VSMC reduces their proliferation and uptake of oxLDL. miR133a is significantly increased in plasma from hyperlipidemic compared with normolipidemic patients. Expression of miR133a in IL-19 stimulated VSMC represents a previously unrecognized link between vascular lipid metabolism and inflammation, and may represent a therapeutic opportunity to combat vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatuna Gabunia
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Allison B Herman
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Ross N England
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Raul DeLa Cadena
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - William J Foster
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Bioengineering, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Katherine J Elliott
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Camargo AB, Manucha W. Potential protective role of nitric oxide and Hsp70 linked to functional foods in the atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Camargo AB, Manucha W. Potencial rol protector del óxido nítrico y Hsp70 asociado a alimentos funcionales en la aterosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 29:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cao X, Zhang L, Chen C, Wang Q, Guo L, Ma Q, Deng P, Zhu G, Li B, Pi Y, Long C, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhou Z, Li J. The critical role of ABCG1 and PPARγ/LXRα signaling in TLR4 mediates inflammatory responses and lipid accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:145-157. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Ferri N, Marchianò S, Tibolla G, Baetta R, Dhyani A, Ruscica M, Uboldi P, Catapano AL, Corsini A. PCSK9 knock-out mice are protected from neointimal formation in response to perivascular carotid collar placement. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:214-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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44
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Schenkein HA, Loos BG. Inflammatory mechanisms linking periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 40 Suppl 14:S51-69. [PMID: 23627334 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this article, inflammatory mechanisms that link periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases are reviewed. METHODS This article is a literature review. RESULTS Studies in the literature implicate a number of possible mechanisms that could be responsible for increased inflammatory responses in atheromatous lesions due to periodontal infections. These include increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators stimulated by bacteria and their products at sites distant from the oral cavity, elevated thrombotic and hemostatic markers that promote a prothrombotic state and inflammation, cross-reactive systemic antibodies that promote inflammation and interact with the atheroma, promotion of dyslipidemia with consequent increases in pro-inflammatory lipid classes and subclasses, and common genetic susceptibility factors present in both disease leading to increased inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Such mechanisms may be thought to act in concert to increase systemic inflammation in periodontal disease and to promote or exacerbate atherogenesis. However, proof that the increase in systemic inflammation attributable to periodontitis impacts inflammatory responses during atheroma development, thrombotic events or myocardial infarction or stroke is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA.
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45
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Wang LY, Tu YF, Lin YC, Huang CC. CXCL5 signaling is a shared pathway of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier injury contributing to white matter injury in the immature brain. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:6. [PMID: 26738635 PMCID: PMC4704424 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In very preterm infants, white matter injury is a prominent brain injury, and hypoxic ischemia (HI) and infection are the two primary pathogenic factors of this injury. Microglia and microvascular endothelial cells closely interact; therefore, a common signaling pathway may cause neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage after injury to the immature brain. CXC chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is produced in inflammatory and endothelial cells by various organs in response to insults. CXCL5 levels markedly increased in the amniotic cavity in response to intrauterine infection and preterm birth in clinical studies. The objective of this study is to determine whether CXCL5 signaling is a shared pathway of neuroinflammation and BBB injury that contributes to white matter injury in the immature brain. Methods Postpartum day 2 (P2) rat pups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by 90-min HI. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine microglial activation, neutrophil infiltration, BBB damage, and myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Immunofluorescence experiments were performed to determine the cellular distribution of CXCL5. Pharmacological tests were performed to inhibit or enhance CXCL5 activity. Results On P2, predominant increases in microglial activation and BBB damage were observed 24 h after LPS-sensitized HI induction, and white matter injury (decreased myelination and increased astrogliosis) was observed on P12 compared with controls. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed increased CXCL5 expression in the white matter 6 and 24 h after insult. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed upregulated CXCL5 expression in the activated microglia and endothelial cells 24 h after insult. CXCL5 inhibition by SB225002, a selective nonpeptide inhibitor of CXCR2, significantly attenuated microglial activation and BBB damage, increased myelination, and reduced astrogliosis in the white matter after LPS-sensitized HI. In addition, CXCL5-sensitized HI or CXCL5 alone significantly induced BBB damage and white matter injury in association with different neuroinflammation mechanisms. CXCL5-sensitized HI-induced microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration, whereas CXCL5 alone predominately caused neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions CXCL5 is a potential biomarker for white matter injury in preterm infants. Pharmacological blockade of CXCL5 signaling that attenuates dysregulated neuroinflammation can be used a therapeutic strategy against white matter injury in the immature brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0474-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan. .,Department of Childhood Education and Nursery, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Ching Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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Chisaka T, Mogi M, Nakaoka H, Kan-No H, Tsukuda K, Wang XL, Bai HY, Shan BS, Kukida M, Iwanami J, Higaki T, Ishii EI, Horiuchi M. Low-Protein Diet-Induced Fetal Growth Restriction Leads to Exaggerated Proliferative Response to Vascular Injury in Postnatal Life. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:54-62. [PMID: 26002925 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of fetal growth restriction (FGR) induced by maternal protein restriction on inflammatory vascular remodeling using a cuff-induced vascular injury mouse model. METHODS Dams (C57BL/6J strain mice) were fed an isocaloric diet containing 20% protein (normal protein; NP) or 8% protein (low protein; LP) from 10 weeks of age until delivery. On the day of delivery, all dams were returned to the NP diet. After weaning, offspring were fed the NP diet. When offspring were 10 weeks of age, vascular injury was induced by polyethylene cuff placement around the femoral artery. RESULTS Birth weight in offspring from dams fed LP until delivery (LPO) was significantly lower, but body weight was the same at 2 weeks after birth compared with that in NP offspring (NPO). Arterial blood pressure at 12 weeks of age did not differ between LPO and NPO. Neointima formation was exaggerated in LPO compared with NPO and associated with an increase in cell proliferation assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining index. Moreover, LPO showed enhanced expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and production of superoxide anion in the injured artery. Moreover, mRNA expression of isoforms of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits such as p22phox, p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, gp91phpx, and Rac1 in the injured arteries were enhanced in LPO. Furthermore, HIF-1α expression was increased in LPO compared with that in NPO. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that maternal low-protein diet-induced FGR increases susceptibility of the vasculature to postnatal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Chisaka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan;
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Harumi Kan-No
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Tsukuda
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hui-Yu Bai
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Bao-Shuai Shan
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kukida
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension and Nephrology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun Iwanami
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Higaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ei-Ichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan
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47
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Bennett BJ, Davis RC, Civelek M, Orozco L, Wu J, Qi H, Pan C, Packard RRS, Eskin E, Yan M, Kirchgessner T, Wang Z, Li X, Gregory JC, Hazen SL, Gargalovic PS, Lusis AJ. Genetic Architecture of Atherosclerosis in Mice: A Systems Genetics Analysis of Common Inbred Strains. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005711. [PMID: 26694027 PMCID: PMC4687930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Common forms of atherosclerosis involve multiple genetic and environmental factors. While human genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci contributing to coronary artery disease and its risk factors, these studies are unable to control environmental factors or examine detailed molecular traits in relevant tissues. We now report a study of natural variations contributing to atherosclerosis and related traits in over 100 inbred strains of mice from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP). The mice were made hyperlipidemic by transgenic expression of human apolipoprotein E-Leiden (APOE-Leiden) and human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). The mice were examined for lesion size and morphology as well as plasma lipid, insulin and glucose levels, and blood cell profiles. A subset of mice was studied for plasma levels of metabolites and cytokines. We also measured global transcript levels in aorta and liver. Finally, the uptake of acetylated LDL by macrophages from HMDP mice was quantitatively examined. Loci contributing to the traits were mapped using association analysis, and relationships among traits were examined using correlation and statistical modeling. A number of conclusions emerged. First, relationships among atherosclerosis and the risk factors in mice resemble those found in humans. Second, a number of trait-loci were identified, including some overlapping with previous human and mouse studies. Third, gene expression data enabled enrichment analysis of pathways contributing to atherosclerosis and prioritization of candidate genes at associated loci in both mice and humans. Fourth, the data provided a number of mechanistic inferences; for example, we detected no association between macrophage uptake of acetylated LDL and atherosclerosis. Fifth, broad sense heritability for atherosclerosis was much larger than narrow sense heritability, indicating an important role for gene-by-gene interactions. Sixth, stepwise linear regression showed that the combined variations in plasma metabolites, including LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), arginine, glucose and insulin, account for approximately 30 to 40% of the variation in atherosclerotic lesion area. Overall, our data provide a rich resource for studies of complex interactions underlying atherosclerosis. While recent genetic association studies in human populations have succeeded in identifying genetic loci that contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD) and related phenotypes, these loci explain only a small fraction of the genetic variation in CAD and associated traits. Here, we present a complementary approach using association analysis of atherosclerotic traits among inbred strains of mice. A strength of this approach is that it enables in-depth phenotypic characterization including gene expression and metabolic profiling across a variety of tissues, and integration of these molecular phenotypes with coronary artery disease itself. A striking finding was the large fraction of atherosclerosis that was explained by genetic interactions. Association analysis allowed us to identify genetic loci for atherosclerotic lesion area as well as transcript, cytokine and metabolite levels, and relationships among the traits were examined by correlation and network modeling. The plasma metabolites associated with atherosclerosis in mice, namely, LDL/VLDL-cholesterol, TMAO, arginine, glucose and insulin, overlapped with those observed in humans and accounted for approximately 30 to 40% of the observed variation in atherosclerotic lesion area. In summary, our data provide a detailed overview of the genetic architecture of atherosclerosis in mice and a rich resource for studies of the complex genetic and metabolic interactions that underlie the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Bennett
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Davis
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mete Civelek
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Luz Orozco
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Judy Wu
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah Qi
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - René R. Sevag Packard
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mujing Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Todd Kirchgessner
- Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jill C. Gregory
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (NC10), Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Gargalovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pruzanski W, Kopilov J, Kuksis A. Hydrolysis of lipoproteins by sPLA2's enhances mitogenesis and eicosanoid release from vascular smooth muscle cells: Diverse activity of sPLA2's IIA, V and X. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 122:64-8. [PMID: 26711221 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitogenesis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMC) plays an important role in atherogenesis. Until recently, the effect of lipid subfractions has not been clarified. Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2's) hydrolyse glycerophospholipids and release pro-inflammatory lyso-lipids, oxidized and non-oxidized fatty acids and isoprostanes. They localize in the vascular wall. We hypothesized that structurally similar sPLA2's may exert different impact on VSMC. The influence of sPLA2's, IIA, V, X, HDL, LDL, and hydrolysis products was tested on mitogenesis of VSMC, i.e., the early effect on the cell membrane phospholipids, and on PGE2 and LTB4 release, i.e., late effect of Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipooxygenase activity in VSMC. Mitogenesis was significantly enhanced by HDL and LDL, and by products of sPLA2 hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of HDL or LDL enhanced mitogenic activity in order V>X>IIA. The release of PGE2 was enhanced by group X sPLA2 and by HDL hydrolyzed by groups V and X. LDL and its hydrolysis products enhanced the release of PGE2 in order X>V>IIA. The release of LTB4 was markedly increased by LDL and HDL, and by hydrolytic products of group V and X, but not group IIA sPLA2. Our study demonstrates a diverse interaction of pro-inflammatory sPLA2's with HDL and LDL affecting both mitogenesis and eicosanoid release from VSMC, therefore potentially enhancing their pro-atherogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Pruzanski
- St. Michael's Hopital, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Arnis Kuksis
- The Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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49
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Byon CH, Han T, Wu J, Hui ST. Txnip ablation reduces vascular smooth muscle cell inflammation and ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:313-21. [PMID: 26062991 PMCID: PMC4509824 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is intimately linked to atherosclerosis and other vascular inflammatory disease. Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) is a key regulator of cellular sulfhydryl redox and a mediator of inflammasome activation. The goals of the present study were to examine the impact of Txnip ablation on inflammatory response to oxidative stress in VSMC and to determine the effect of Txnip ablation on atherosclerosis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Using cultured VSMC, we showed that ablation of Txnip reduced cellular oxidative stress and increased protection from oxidative stress when challenged with oxidized phospholipids and hydrogen peroxide. Correspondingly, expression of inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules were diminished in both VSMC and macrophages from Txnip knockout mice. The blunted inflammatory response was associated with a decrease in NF-ĸB nuclear translocation. Loss of Txnip in VSMC also led to a dramatic reduction in macrophage adhesion to VSMC. In vivo data from Txnip-ApoE double knockout mice showed that Txnip ablation led to 49% reduction in atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic root and 71% reduction in the abdominal aorta, compared to control ApoE knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our data show that Txnip plays an important role in oxidative inflammatory response and atherosclerotic lesion development in mice. The atheroprotective effect of Txnip ablation implicates that modulation of Txnip expression may serve as a potential target for intervention of atherosclerosis and inflammatory vascular disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thioredoxins/genetics
- Thioredoxins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Byon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tieyan Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Judy Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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50
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Ricci C, Ferri N. Naturally occurring PDGF receptor inhibitors with potential anti-atherosclerotic properties. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 70:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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