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Kang H, Song J, Cheng Y. HDL regulates the risk of cardiometabolic and inflammatory-related diseases: Focusing on cholesterol efflux capacity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112622. [PMID: 38971111 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, characterized by higher serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and lower serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), is confirmed as a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), posing serious risks to the future health of humans. Aside from the role of HDL-C concentrations, the capacity of cholesterol efflux to HDL is being identified as an enssential messurement for the dyslipidemic morbidity. Through inducing the progression of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), the HDL-related cholesterol efflux plays a vital role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. In addition, increasing results demonstrated that the relationships between cholesterol efflux and cardiovascular events might be influenced by multiple factors, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and, inflammatory diseases. These risk factors could affect the intracellular composition of HDL, which might subsqently influence the cholesterol efflux process induced by HDL particle. In the present comprehensive article, we summarize the latest findings which described the modulatory roles of HDL in cardiometabolic disorders and inflammatory related diseases, focusing on its capacity in mediating cholesterol efflux. Moreover, the potential mechanisms whereby HDL regulate the risk of cardiometabolic disorders or inflammatory related diseases, at least partly, via cholesterol efflux pathway, are also well-listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Kang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingjin Song
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Okuka N, Milinkovic N, Velickovic K, Polovina S, Sumarac-Dumanovic M, Minic R, Korčok D, Djordjevic B, Ivanovic ND. Beneficial effects of a new probiotic formulation on adipocytokines, appetite-regulating hormones, and metabolic parameters in obese women. Food Funct 2024; 15:7658-7668. [PMID: 38953736 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome. It has been established that microbiota influences many physiological processes, including the development of obesity, and dysbiosis has been observed in obese individuals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a new probiotic formulation, containing two probiotic strains and the bioactive compound octacosanol, on body weight, metabolic parameters, and concentrations of certain adipocytokines and appetite-regulating hormones in obese women. This double blind placebo-controlled supplementary intervention study included twenty-five women in the intervention group and twenty-three in the placebo group, and it lasted 12 weeks. Daily oral supplementation included 7 × 1010 CFU of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (DSM9843), 5 × 109 CFU of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (DBVPG6763), and 40 mg of octacosanol or placebo. Body weight, metabolic parameters, adipocytokines, and appetite-regulating hormones were assessed before (T0) and after the intervention (T1). After the intervention, significantly lower median concentrations of CRP (p = 0.005) and IL-6 (p = 0.012) were measured in the intervention group than the baseline, while the median concentrations of ghrelin (p = 0.026) and HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.03) were significantly increased. The intervention group had lower CRP levels (p = 0.023) and higher ghrelin levels (p = 0.006) than the placebo group. Significant changes in BMI between groups were not observed. In summary, although the new probiotic formulation showed beneficial effects on IL-6, CRP, HDL, and ghrelin levels, its potential effects on regulating triglyceride, insulin, and glucose levels require further studies before the novel dietary intervention could be considered a useful adjuvant therapy and an effective strategy for the management of obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Okuka
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bromatology, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Neda Milinkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Velickovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Polovina
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Sumarac-Dumanovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rajna Minic
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Department of Protein Engineering and Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Davor Korčok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Novi Sad, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Brizita Djordjevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Dj Ivanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhang L, Shi Y, Liang B, Li X. An overview of the cholesterol metabolism and its proinflammatory role in the development of MASLD. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0434. [PMID: 38696365 PMCID: PMC11068152 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid molecule in mammalian cells. It is not only involved in the formation of cell membranes but also serves as a raw material for the synthesis of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Additionally, it acts as a covalent modifier of proteins and plays a crucial role in numerous life processes. Generally, the metabolic processes of cholesterol absorption, synthesis, conversion, and efflux are strictly regulated. Excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the body is a risk factor for metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this review, we first provide an overview of the discovery of cholesterol and the fundamental process of cholesterol metabolism. We then summarize the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of developing MASLD, and also the animal models of MASLD specifically established with a cholesterol-containing diet. In the end, the role of cholesterol-induced inflammation in the initiation and development of MASLD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqiong Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cheng FJ, Tsai KF, Huang KC, Kung CT, Huang WT, You HL, Li SH, Wang CC, Lee WC, Pan HY. Association between organophosphate flame retardant exposure and lipid metabolism: data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1340261. [PMID: 38525338 PMCID: PMC10959188 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are emerging environmental pollutants that can be detected in water, dust, and biological organisms. Certain OPFRs can disrupt lipid metabolism in animal models and cell lines. However, the effects of OPFRs on human lipid metabolism remain unclear. We included 1,580 participants (≥20 years) from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the relationship between OPFR exposure and lipid metabolism biomarkers. After adjusting for confounding factors, results showed that one-unit increases in the log levels of diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) (regression coefficient = -5.755; S.E. = 2.289; p = 0.023) and log bis-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) (regression coefficient = -4.637; S.E. = 2.019; p = 0.036) were negatively associated with the levels of total cholesterol (TC) in all participants. One-unit increases in the levels of DPhP (regression coefficient = -2.292; S.E. = 0.802; p = 0.012), log bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) (regression coefficient = -2.046; S.E. = 0.825; p = 0.026), and log bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP) (regression coefficient = -2.604; S.E. = 0.704; p = 0.002) were negatively associated with the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). With increasing quartiles of urine BDCPP levels, the mean TC levels significantly decreased in all participants (p value for trend = 0.028), and quartile increases in the levels of DPhP (p value for trend = 0.01), BDCPP (p value for trend = 0.001), and BCEP (p value for trend<0.001) were negatively corelated with HDL-C, with approximately 5.9, 9.9, and 12.5% differences between the upper and lower quartiles. In conclusion, DPhP, BDCPP, and BCEP were negatively related to HDL-C concentration, whereas DPhP and BCPP levels were negatively associated with TC level. Thus, exposure to OPFRs may interfere with lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fan Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Kung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yung Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Meshkin A, Badiee F, Salari N, Hassanabadi M, Khaleghi AA, Mohammadi M. The Global Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Elderly: A Meta-analysis. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:223-230. [PMID: 38425824 PMCID: PMC10899554 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent among the elderly, posing significant health risks. This study aims to determine the global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, examining databases including Scientific Information Database (SID), Medline (PubMed), ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar until January 2023. The publication bias of the studies was assessed using the I2 test of heterogeneity and the Egger test. Results The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, defined as levels below 20 ng or 50 nmol was found to be 59.7% (95% CI 45.9-72.1). Furthermore, a review of six studies involving 6748 elderly individuals showed a prevalence of 27.5% (95% CI 21.8-34.1) for deficiency defined between 20 and 30 ng or 50-75 nmol. Additionally, a meta-analysis of seven studies with a sample size of 6918 elderly individuals reported a prevalence of 16% (95% CI 10.2-24.1) for deficiency defined above 30 nmol or 75 nmol. Conclusion The results of the present study reveal that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the elderly is high and requires the attention of health policymakers at the World Health Organization to prioritize extensive information dissemination and screening to mitigate the adverse effects on their quality of life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-023-01089-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Meshkin
- Student Research Committee, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Badiee
- Student Research Committee, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Hassanabadi
- Department of Strategy and Operations Management, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Ali Asghar Khaleghi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
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Liu W, Yang C, Lei F, Huang X, Cai J, Chen S, She ZG, Li H. Major lipids and lipoprotein levels and risk of blood pressure elevation: a Mendelian Randomisation study. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104964. [PMID: 38181703 PMCID: PMC10789600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics techniques provide detailed measurements of lipoprotein particle concentration. Metabolic dysfunction often represents a cluster of conditions, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and diabetes, that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationship between lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. We performed a Mendelian Randomisation (MR) study to disentangle and prioritize the potential causal effects of major lipids, lipoprotein particles, and circulating metabolites on BP and pulse pressure (PP). METHODS We employed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with major lipids, lipoprotein particles, and other metabolites from the UK Biobank as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for BP and PP were obtained from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. Two-sample MR and MR Bayesian model averaging approaches (MR-BMA) were conducted to analyse and rank causal associations. FINDINGS Genetically predicted TG was the most likely causal exposure among the major lipids to increase systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), with marginal inclusion probabilities (MIPs) of 0.993 and 0.847, respectively. Among the majority of lipoproteins and their containing lipids, including major lipids, genetically elevated TG in small high-density lipoproteins (S_HDL_TG) had the strongest association with the increase of SBP and DBP, with MIPs of 0.416 and 0.397, respectively. HDL cholesterol (HDL_C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL_C) were potential causal factors for PP elevation among the major lipids (MIP = 0.927 for HDL_C and MIP = 0.718 for LDL_C). Within the sub-lipoproteins, genetically predicted atherogenic lipoprotein particles (i.e., sub-very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL particles) had the most likely causal impact on increasing PP. INTERPRETATION This study provides genetic evidence for the causality of lipids on BP indicators. However, the effect size on SBP, DBP, and PP varies depending on the lipids' components and sizes. Understanding this potential relationship may inform the potential benefits of comprehensive management of lipid profiles for BP control. FUNDING Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province, Science and Technology Innovation Project of Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, the Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heart-Brain Diseases, and the Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Comprehensive Care for Heart-Brain Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengzhang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China; Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Sincan S, Sincan G, Aşkın S, Kızıltunç A. Evaluation of Serum Paraoxonase, Myeloperoxidase, and HDL-Cholesterol Levels in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Inflammation 2023; 46:2470-2476. [PMID: 37917329 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. While myeloperoxidase carries pro-oxidant effects, HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase have antioxidant properties. Therefore, we evaluated serum paraoxonase, myeloperoxidase, and HDL-cholesterol levels in cases with acute myeloid leukemia. Myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase, and HDL-cholesterol levels in 40 acute myeloid leukemia patients and 18 healthy individuals were determined. The relationship between these parameters and other prognostic factors, as well as their association with response to chemotherapy, was investigated. Myeloperoxidase levels were higher, while paraoxonase and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in acute myeloid leukemia cases compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). The myeloperoxidase level was significantly negatively correlated with paraoxonase and HDL-c levels (r = - 0.64, p < 0.001; r = - 0.27, p = 0.02, respectively). Paraoxonase level was positively correlated with HDL level (r = 0.34, p = 0.04). Lactate dehydrogenase level was negatively correlated with HDL-c and paraoxonase levels and positively correlated with myeloperoxidase level (r = - 0.37, p = 0.019; r = - 0.35, p = 0.04; r = 0.45, p = 0.03, respectively). Following complete remission induction treatment, cases with complete remission had lower myeloperoxidase levels and higher HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase levels compared to other cases (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). Myeloperoxidase levels are higher, while paraoxonase and HDL-cholesterol levels are lower in acute myeloid leukemia cases. The obtained findings emphasize the potential importance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. These parameters can be used as biomarkers for prognosis prediction and prediction of response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sincan
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gülden Sincan
- Department of Hematology, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Seda Aşkın
- Ataturk University Vocational School of Health Services, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Begue F, Apalama ML, Lambert G, Meilhac O. HDL as a Treatment Target: Should We Abandon This Idea? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:1093-1099. [PMID: 38051472 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have long been regarded as an antiatherogenic lipoprotein species by virtue of their role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), as well as their established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. For decades, HDL have been an extremely appealing therapeutic target to combat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). RECENT FINDINGS Unfortunately, neither increasing HDL with drugs nor direct infusions of reconstituted HDL have convincedly proven to be positive strategies for cardiovascular health, raising the question of whether we should abandon the idea of considering HDL as a treatment target. The results of two large clinical trials, one testing the latest CETP inhibitor Obicetrapib and the other testing the infusion of patients post-acute coronary events with reconstituted HDL, are still awaited. If they prove negative, these trials will seal the fate of HDL as a direct therapeutic target. However, using HDL as a therapeutic agent still holds promise if we manage to optimize their beneficial properties for not only ASCVD but also outside the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floran Begue
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97410, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Marie Laurine Apalama
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97410, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Gilles Lambert
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97410, Saint-Pierre, France.
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97410, Saint-Pierre, France
- CHU de La Réunion, 97400, Saint-Denis, France
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Prone-Olazabal D, Davies I, González-Galarza FF. Metabolic Syndrome: An Overview on Its Genetic Associations and Gene-Diet Interactions. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:545-560. [PMID: 37816229 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias and whose inter-related occurrence may increase the odds of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. MetS has become one of the most studied conditions, nevertheless, due to its complex etiology, this has not been fully elucidated. Recent evidence describes that both genetic and environmental factors play an important role on its development. With the advent of genomic-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gained special importance. In this review, we present an update of the genetics surrounding MetS as a single entity as well as its corresponding risk factors, considering SNPs and gene-diet interactions related to cardiometabolic markers. In this study, we focus on the conceptual aspects, diagnostic criteria, as well as the role of genetics, particularly on SNPs and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for interindividual analysis. In addition, this review highlights future perspectives of personalized nutrition with regard to the approach of MetS and how individualized multiomics approaches could improve the current outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Prone-Olazabal
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ian Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, The Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Liu L, Wang W. Developing and Validating a New Model to Predict the Risk of Poor Neurological Status of Acute Ischemic Stroke After Intravenous Thrombolysis. Neurologist 2023; 28:391-401. [PMID: 37639528 PMCID: PMC10627548 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for the risk of poor neurological status in in-hospital patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS This 2-center retrospective study included patients with AIS treated at the Advanced Stroke Center of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Baoding No.1 Central Hospital between January 2018 and January 2020). The neurological function status at day 7 of AIS onset was used as the endpoint of the study, which was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. RESULTS A total of 878 patients were included in the study and divided into training (n=652) and validation (n=226) sets. Seven variables were selected as predictors to establish the risk model: age, NIHSS before thrombolysis (NIHSS1), NIHSS 24 hours after thrombolysis (NIHSS3), high-density lipoprotein, antiplatelet, cerebral computed tomography after thrombolysis (CT2), and lower extremity venous color Doppler ultrasound. The risk prediction model achieved good discrimination (the areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve in the training and validation sets were 0.9626 and 0.9413, respectively) and calibration (in the training set Emax=0.072, Eavg=0.01, P =0.528, and in the validation set Emax=0.123, Eavg=0.019, P =0.594, respectively). The decision curve analysis showed that the model could achieve a good net benefit. CONCLUSIONS The prediction model obtained in this study showed good discrimination, calibration, and clinical efficacy. This new nomogram can provide a reference for predicting the risk of poor neurological status in patients with acute ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Baoding Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Padro T, López-Yerena A, Pérez A, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Dietary ω3 Fatty Acids and Phytosterols in the Modulation of the HDL Lipidome: A Longitudinal Crossover Clinical Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3637. [PMID: 37630826 PMCID: PMC10459912 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex particles composed of a wide range of lipids, proteins, hormones and vitamins that confer to the HDL particles multiple cardiovascular protective properties, mainly against the development of atherosclerosis. Among other factors, the HDL lipidome is affected by diet. We hypothesized that diet supplementation with ω3 (docosahexaenoic acid: DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid: EPA) and phytosterols (PhyS) would improve the HDL lipid profile. Overweight subjects (n = 20) were enrolled in a two-arm longitudinal crossover study. Milk (250 mL/day), supplemented with either ω3 (EPA + DHA, 375 mg) or PhyS (1.6 g), was administered to the volunteers over two consecutive 28-day intervention periods, followed by HDL lipidomic analysis. The comprehensive lipid pattern revealed that the HDL lipidome is diet-dependent. ω3-milk supplementation produced more changes than PhyS, mainly in cholesteryl esters (CEs). After ω3-milk intake, levels of DHA and EPA within phosphatylcholines, triglycerides and CE lipids in HDLs increased (p < 0.05). The correlation between lipid species showed that lipid changes occur in a coordinated manner. Finally, our analysis revealed that the HDL lipidome is also sex-dependent. The HDL lipidome is affected by diet and sex, and the 4 weeks of ω3 supplementation induced HDL enrichment with EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anallely López-Yerena
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Alfhili MA, Alotaibi GA, Alfaifi M, Almoghrabi Y, Alsughayyir J. Association of Platelet-Monocyte Ratio with Dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: A Large, Population-Based Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1685. [PMID: 37629542 PMCID: PMC10455526 DOI: 10.3390/life13081685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lipid metabolism predisposes to cardiovascular disease. However, dyslipidemia is often asymptomatic leading to its underdiagnosis. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify biomarkers that reflect an abnormal lipid profile and trigger the specific investigation of lipid metabolism. The platelet-monocyte ratio (PMR) is a severely understudied index whose association with disturbed lipid markers remains unknown. METHODS A cross-sectional study of the association between PMR and comprehensive lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, and TG/HDL in 14,269 Saudi subjects was designed. Prevalence, risk measures, association, and the diagnostic performance (i.e., area under the curve (AUC)) were evaluated. RESULTS Median PMR was significantly elevated in subjects with high TC (p < 0.01), TG, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL, and LDL and reduced in those with low HDL (all p < 0.0001) compared to normal subjects. The increase in PMR was abolished when only males with high TC were considered. Except for TC and LDL, all other abnormal markers were significantly more prevalent when PMR was lower (higher for HDL) than a certain cutoff specific for each parameter. Moreover, the odds of having PMR readings above or below the selected cutoffs are significantly higher with all lipid abnormalities. PMR was also weakly but significantly and differentially correlated with all forms of dyslipidemia (p < 0.0001). Notably, the highest diagnostic accuracy of PMR was observed for reduced HDL (AUC = 0.608, p < 0.0001) and elevated TG/HDL (AUC = 0.596, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PMR is a novel, inexpensive, and readily available index that is associated with all forms of dyslipidemia, suggesting its potential use in related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Alfhili
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghada A. Alotaibi
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef Almoghrabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Research and Development, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah 23523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alsughayyir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
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13
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Fraga LN, Milenkovic D, Coutinho CP, Rozenbaum AC, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Interaction between APOE, APOA1, and LPL Gene Polymorphisms and Variability in Changes in Lipid and Blood Pressure following Orange Juice Intake: A Pilot Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200847. [PMID: 37128695 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Chronic orange juice intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, however, a large inter-individual variability in response to orange juice for lipid profile and blood pressure has been observed. This heterogeneity in responsiveness could be associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which has not been previously addressed. This study aims to investigate the influence of SNP in apolipoprotein E (APOE), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), mevalonate (MVK), and lipase lipoprotein (LPL) genes in the biological response after chronic orange juice intake. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-six volunteers ingested 500 mL daily for 60 days and blood pressure and biochemical parameters are measured. Also, SNPs in APOE, APOA1, MVK, and LPL genes are genotyped in the volunteers that are medium/high excretors of flavanone metabolites. Genotypes CC (APOA1), AA, and GG (LPL) are associated with positive health effects of orange juice and the CC (APOE), GG (APOA1), GG, and AA (LPL) genotypes are associated with no effects of orange juice consumption (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results identify for the first-time SNP associated with effects of orange juice on lipid levels and blood pressure, results that may provide bases for future precise nutritional recommendations regarding this flavanone-rich food to lower the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Camille Perella Coutinho
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos Rozenbaum
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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Piko P, Jenei T, Kosa Z, Sandor J, Kovacs N, Seres I, Paragh G, Adany R. Association of CETP Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotypes with Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10281. [PMID: 37373432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is known to influence HDL-C levels, potentially altering the profile of HDL subfractions and consequently cardiovascular risk (CVR). This study aimed to investigate the effect of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1532624, rs5882, rs708272, rs7499892, and rs9989419) and their haplotypes (H) in the CETP gene on 10-year CVR estimated by the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), the Framingham Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease (FRSCHD) and Cardiovascular Disease (FRSCVD) algorithms. Adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of SNPs and 10 haplotypes (H1-H10) on 368 samples from the Hungarian general and Roma populations. The T allele of rs7499892 showed a significant association with increased CVR estimated by FRS. H5, H7, and H8 showed a significant association with increased CVR based on at least one of the algorithms. The impact of H5 was due to its effect on TG and HDL-C levels, while H7 showed a significant association with FRSCHD and H8 with FRSCVD mediated by a mechanism affecting neither TG nor HDL-C levels. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the CETP gene may have a significant effect on CVR and that this is not mediated exclusively by their effect on TG and HDL-C levels but also by presently unknown mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Piko
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Jenei
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Kosa
- Department of Health Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyhza, Hungary
| | - Janos Sandor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nora Kovacs
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Seres
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roza Adany
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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Abedi F, Sadeghi M, Omidkhoda N, Kelesidis T, Ramezani J, Samadi S, Mohammadpour AH. HDL-cholesterol concentration and its association with coronary artery calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 37158895 PMCID: PMC10165789 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a potential risk marker of coronary atherosclerosis that has high specificity and sensitivity. However, the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and CAC incidence and progression is controversial. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched to identify relevant observational studies up to March 2023 and assessed the methodological quality using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) scale. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval considering heterogeneity across studies. RESULTS Of the 2,411 records, 25 cross-sectional (n = 71,190) and 13 cohort (n = 25,442) studies were included in the systematic review. Ten cross-sectional and eight cohort studies were not eligible and were omitted from the meta-analysis. A total of 15 eligible cross-sectional studies (n = 33,913) were included in the meta-analysis and pooled results revealed no significant association between HDL-C and CAC > 0, CAC > 10, or CAC > 100 [pooled OR: 0.99 (0.97, 1.01)]. Meta-analysis of the 5 eligible prospective cohort studies (n = 10,721) revealed no significant protective effect of high HDL-C against CAC > 0 [pooled OR: 1.02 (0.93, 1.13)]. CONCLUSIONS According to this analysis of observational studies, high HDL-C levels were not found to predict protection against CAC. These results suggest HDL quality rather than HDL quantity is important for certain aspects of atherogenesis and CAC. REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021292077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Abedi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javad Ramezani
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Samadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wood G, Taylor E, Ng V, Murrell A, Patil A, van der Touw T, Wolden M, Andronicos N, Smart NA. Estimating the Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Novel Lipid Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2023; 53:871-886. [PMID: 36862340 PMCID: PMC10036419 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise training (AET) prescribed as lipid management treatment positively affects the standard lipid profile and reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Apolipoproteins, lipid and apolipoprotein ratios, and lipoprotein sub-fractions may more effectively predict CVD risk than the standard lipid profile but an AET response in these biomarkers has not been established. OBJECTIVES We conducted a quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to (1) determine the effects of AET on lipoprotein sub-fractions, apolipoproteins and relevant ratios; and (2) identify study or intervention covariates associated with change in these biomarkers. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, all Web of Science and EBSCO health and medical online databases from inception to 31 December 2021. We included published RCTs of adult humans with ≥ 10 per group of participants; an AET intervention duration ≥ 12 weeks of at least moderate intensity (> 40% maximum oxygen consumption); and reporting pre/post measurements. Non-sedentary subjects, or those with chronic disease other than Metabolic Syndrome factors, or pregnant/lactating, as well as trials testing diet/medications, or resistance/isometric/unconventional training interventions, were excluded. RESULTS Fifty-seven RCTs totalling 3194 participants were analysed. Multivariate meta-analysis showed AET significantly raised antiatherogenic apolipoproteins and lipoprotein sub-fractions (mmol/L mean difference (MD) 0.047 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.011, 0.082), P = .01); lowered atherogenic apoliproteins and lipoprotein sub-fractions (mmol/L MD - 0.08 (95% CI - 0.161, 0.0003), P = .05); and improved atherogenic lipid ratios (MD - 0.201 (95% CI - 0.291, - 0.111), P < .0001). Multivariate meta-regression showed intervention variables contributed to change in lipid, sub-fraction, and apoliprotein ratios. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training positively impacts atherogenic lipid and apolipoprotein ratios, alipoproteins, and lipoprotein sub-fractions; and antiatherogenic apolipoproteins and lipoprotein sub-fractions. Cardiovascular disease risk predicted by these biomarkers may be lowered when AET is prescribed as treatment or prevention. PROSPERO ID CRD42020151925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Wood
- School of Science and Technology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Emily Taylor
- School of Science and Technology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Vanessa Ng
- School of Science and Technology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Anna Murrell
- School of Rural Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Aditya Patil
- School of Science and Technology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Tom van der Touw
- School of Science and Technology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Mitch Wolden
- Physical Therapy Program, University of Jamestown, Fargo, ND, 58104, USA
| | - Nick Andronicos
- School of Science and Technology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Neil A Smart
- School of Science and Technology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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17
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Simmons CA, Poupore N, Nathaniel TI. Age Stratification and Stroke Severity in the Telestroke Network. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041519. [PMID: 36836054 PMCID: PMC9963120 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is one of the most important risk factors for stroke, and an estimated 75% of strokes occur in people 65 years old and above. Adults > 75 years of age experience more hospitalizations and higher mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate how age and various clinical risk factors affect acute ischemic stroke (AIS) severity in two age categories. METHODS This retrospective data analysis study was conducted using data collected from the PRISMA Health Stroke Registry between June 2010 and July 2016. Baseline clinical and demographic data were analyzed for 65-74-year-old patients and those ≥ 75 years of age. This study aimed to investigate risk factors associated with stroke severity in these two age categories of AIS patients treated in telestroke settings. RESULTS An adjusted multivariate analysis showed that the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) population of 65-74-year-old patients experiencing heart failure (odds ratio (OR) = 4.398, 95% CI = 3.912-494.613, p = 0.002) and elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (OR = 1.066, 95% CI = 1.009-1.126, p = 0.024) trended towards worsening neurological function, while patients experiencing obesity (OR = 0.177, 95% CI = 0.041-0.760, p = 0.020) exhibited improved neurological functions. For the patients ≥ 75 years of age, direct admission (OR = 0.270, 95% CI = 0.085-0.856, p = 0.026) was associated with improved functions. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure and elevated HDL levels were significantly associated with worsening neurologic functions in patients aged 65-74. Obese patients and individuals ≥ 75 years of age who were directly admitted were most likely to exhibit improving neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie A. Simmons
- Department of Biology, North Greenville University, Tigerville, SC 29688, USA
| | - Nicolas Poupore
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-44559846; Fax: +1-44558404
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Mohanty V, Sharma S, Goswami S, Kaushik A, Choudhary R, Yadav D, Deora S, Singh K. Association of Novel Hematological Indices with Severity of Coronary Artery Disease using SYNTAX Score in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:202-211. [PMID: 37953615 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x269740231102045028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that systemic inflammation not only plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndrome but also correlates with disease severity. Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) are novel systemic inflammation markers used for predicting the burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) based on SYNTAX Score. This single-center, cross-sectional, observational study compared the association of these novel hematological indices with CAD severity using the SYNTAX Score in ACS patients and aimed to determine the best predictor of the severity of CAD. METHODS A total of 403 consecutive patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled. On the basis of the SYNTAX Score, patients were divided into three groups: Low: <22, Moderate 22 - 32 and High ≥ 32. MHR, MLR, and NLR were calculated and correlated with SYNTAX Score. RESULTS All three indices: MHR (r=0.511; p <0.001), MLR (r=0.373; p <0.001), and NLR (r=0.292; p =0.001) showed significant correlation with SYNTAX Score. The MHR ROC was significantly higher than that of MLR (difference between area: 0.158; 95% CI: 0.079-0.259) and NLR (difference between area: 0.279; 95% CI: 0.172-0.419) for the SYNTAX Score. Analysis showed a strong correlation between these indices with SYNTAX Score >22 compared to low scores <22 and that these also related to the LAD as an infarct artery. Multiple regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, eGFR, Infarct-related artery left anterior descending (IRALAD), MHR, MLR, and NLR were predictors of the severity of CAD in ACS patients based on SYNTAX Score. CONCLUSION In ACS patients MHR, MLR, and NLR showed significant correlation with SYNTAX score >22 which may be indicative of severity of disease. MHR is a better predictor of the severity of CAD than MLR and NLR in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mohanty
- Senior Resident of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Senior Resident of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sourabh Goswami
- Senior Resident of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Atul Kaushik
- Associate Professor of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rahul Choudhary
- Associate Professor of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Dharamveer Yadav
- Additional Professor of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Surender Deora
- Additional Professor of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Professor of Paediatrics and Genetic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Foguet C, Xu Y, Ritchie SC, Lambert SA, Persyn E, Nath AP, Davenport EE, Roberts DJ, Paul DS, Di Angelantonio E, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Yau C, Inouye M. Genetically personalised organ-specific metabolic models in health and disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7356. [PMID: 36446790 PMCID: PMC9708841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how genetic variants influence disease risk and complex traits (variant-to-function) is one of the major challenges in human genetics. Here we present a model-driven framework to leverage human genome-scale metabolic networks to define how genetic variants affect biochemical reaction fluxes across major human tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose, liver, brain and heart. As proof of concept, we build personalised organ-specific metabolic flux models for 524,615 individuals of the INTERVAL and UK Biobank cohorts and perform a fluxome-wide association study (FWAS) to identify 4312 associations between personalised flux values and the concentration of metabolites in blood. Furthermore, we apply FWAS to identify 92 metabolic fluxes associated with the risk of developing coronary artery disease, many of which are linked to processes previously described to play in role in the disease. Our work demonstrates that genetically personalised metabolic models can elucidate the downstream effects of genetic variants on biochemical reactions involved in common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Foguet
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Yu Xu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel A Lambert
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elodie Persyn
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Artika P Nath
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David J Roberts
- BRC Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, and NHSBT-Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Science Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - John Danesh
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
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20
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Ahmed AE, Alsamghan A, Momenah MA, Alqhtani HA, Aldawood NA, Alshehri MA, Ali Alshehri AM, Alhag SK, Mosaad YO, Ahmed H. Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Mixed Hypercholesterolemic Populations with Respect to Gender, Age, and Obesity in Asir, Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14985. [PMID: 36429701 PMCID: PMC9690936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This record study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) profiles regarding sex, age, and obesity for the riskier factor of cardiovascular diseases in a general population in Saudi Arabia. Laboratory and anthropometric measurements were performed on non-specific participants with variant ages and BMI in either sex. Serobiochemical changes were measured for metabolic profiles, i.e., A1C/FSG, TC, TGC, HDLC/LDLC, Vit.D, TSH/T4, Hb, and Cr. The study was applied in a Polyclinic, Abha, Saudi Arabia in 2020 G. The general population showed variable incidences of MetS profiles, such as 69.4% diabetes, 85.5% hypothyroidism, and 92.2% obesity. Hypothyroidism showed a higher incidence in women rather than in men, but men were more dyslipidemic, with higher TGC and LDLC but low HDLC, compared to women. Men <40 Y. showed diabetes and hypothyroidism, but elders were dyslipidemic. Women <40 Y. showed anemia and hypovitaminosis-D but were suffering from hypothyroidism at all ages. Diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypovitaminosis-D, and dyslipidemia were the main MetS components in both overweight and obese participants, and an incidence of more than 50% in each profile was recorded. Diabetes with hypertension was characteristic of obese participants rather than those overweight. About 66.1% of the mixed-hypercholesterolemic cases were diabetic, but 18.9% of the mixed-diabetic participants were hypercholesterolemic. Castelli's risk factors, CRI-I and CRI-II, and atherogenic indices, AIP and AC, were measured for evaluating the cardiac risk in different populations based on the AUC-ROC and cut-off values. Insulin-resistance marker (TyG) was also measured, showing considerable cut-off values for diabetic susceptibility in the lipidemic participants with higher TGC and TC rather than HDLC or LDLC. In conclusion, MetS showed higher susceptibility to sex and age with increased incidence in women rather than men. However, the cardiac risk was more susceptible to men of higher TGC and low HDLC than women. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was more prominent in both elders (≥40 Y.) than younger ages of either sex. Anemia and deficiency of Vit. D was characteristic of young women (<40 Y.). Hypothyroidism affects young men <40 Y. but was recorded in women of all ages. Both dyslipidemia and diabetes could trigger CVD, showing higher cardiac risk in mixed-hypercholesterolemic men rather than women. Our study strongly suggests that the consumption of unhealthy junk food, tobacco smoking, lack of exercise, and physical inactivity could be conclusive evidence of MetS in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 53823, Egypt
| | - Awad Alsamghan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdullah Momenah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Ali Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Arkan Aldawood
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sadeq K. Alhag
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayl Asser, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser O. Mosaad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ahmed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 53823, Egypt
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21
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Negi P, Heikkilä T, Vuorenpää K, Tuunainen E, Nammas W, Maaniitty T, Knuuti J, Metso J, Lövgren J, Jauhiainen M, Lamminmäki U, Pettersson K, Saraste A. Time-resolved fluorescence based direct two-site apoA-I immunoassays and their clinical application in patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:912578. [PMID: 36312264 PMCID: PMC9614376 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.912578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous group of subpopulations differing in protein/lipid composition and in their anti-atherogenic function. There is a lack of assays that can target the functionality of HDL particles related to atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to construct two-site apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) assays and to evaluate their clinical performance in patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Approach and results Direct two-site apoA-I assays (named 109-121 and 110-525) were developed to identify the presence of apoA-I in the HDL of patients with CAD using apoA-I antibodies as a single-chain variable fragment fused with alkaline phosphatase. ApoA-I109-121 and apoA-I110-525 were measured in 197 patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and myocardial positron emission tomography perfusion imaging due to suspected obstructive CAD. Among patients not using lipid-lowering medication (LLM, n = 125), the level of apoA-I110-525 was higher in the presence than in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis [21.88 (15.89-27.44) mg/dl vs. 17.66 (13.38-24.48) mg/dl, P = 0.01)], whereas there was no difference in apoA-I109-121, HDL cholesterol, and apoA-I determined using a polyclonal apoA-I antibody. The levels of apoA-I109-121 and apoA-I110-525 were similar in the presence or absence of obstructive CAD. Among patients not using LLM, apoA-I110-525 adjusted for age and sex identified individuals with coronary atherosclerosis with a similar accuracy to traditional risk factors [area under the curve [AUC] (95% CI): 0.75(0.66-0.84) 0.71 (0.62-0.81)]. However, a combination of apoA-I110-525 with risk factors did not improve the accuracy [AUC (95% CI): 0.73 (0.64-0.82)]. Conclusion Direct two-site apoA-I assays recognizing heterogeneity in reactivity with apoA-I could provide a potential approach to identify individuals at a risk of coronary atherosclerosis. However, their clinical value remains to be studied in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Negi
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,*Correspondence: Priyanka Negi
| | - Taina Heikkilä
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karoliina Vuorenpää
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Tuunainen
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wail Nammas
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Maaniitty
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janita Lövgren
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biobank Unit, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Antti Saraste
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22
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Association between Lipoprotein Subfractions, Hemostatic Potentials, and Coronary Atherosclerosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2993309. [PMID: 36082237 PMCID: PMC9448618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2993309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Dyslipidemias are associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation and a prothrombotic state, thus increasing the risk of both atherosclerotic vascular disease and atherothrombotic adverse events. We sought to explore the association between lipoprotein subfractions, overall hemostasis, and coronary calcifications in individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk. Methods. Consecutive statin-naive individuals at intermediate cardiovascular risk referred for coronary artery calcium score (CACS) scanning were included. CACS was assessed using a 128-slice dual-source CT scanner. Traditional lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions 2 and 3, and small dense low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) were measured with commercially available assays. Overall hemostatic (OHP) and coagulation potentials (OCP) were measured spectrophotometrically, using fibrin aggregation curves after exposure to thrombin and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, respectively. Overall fibrinolytic potential (OFP) was calculated as a difference between the two areas under curves. Results. We included 160 patients (median age 63 (interquartile range (IQR), 56-71 years, 52% women, and median CACS 8, IQR 0-173 Agatston units). HDL3 levels—but not sdLDL or hemostatic potentials—were significantly associated with CACS zero, even after adjusting for age, sex, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking history (OR 0.980 (0.962-0.999),
). HDL3 was also significantly associated with OCP (
,
adjusted for age and sex 0.037). Conclusions. In patients at intermediate cardiovascular risk, HDL3 is associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and overall coagulation. Our findings are in line with studies reporting on an inverse relationship between HDL3 and atherosclerosis and provide one possible mechanistic explanation for the association between novel lipid biomarkers and coagulation derangements.
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23
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HDL, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1: Free from good and evil dualism. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
The association between a dietary pattern characterised by high alcohol intake and dyslipidaemia has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol dietary patterns and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This cross-sectional study enrolled 2171 men and women aged ≥40 years who were alumni of a Japanese university. To identify dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was performed based on the energy-adjusted food intake estimated by a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified, the second of which was named the alcohol dietary pattern and was characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish. This alcohol dietary pattern was associated with reduced LDL-cholesterol levels. The fully adjusted OR (95 % CI) of high LDL-cholesterol for the lowest through highest quartile of alcohol dietary pattern score were 1·00 (reference), 0·83 (0·64, 1·08), 0·84 (0·64, 1·10) and 0·68 (0·49, 0·94), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the alcohol dietary pattern was inversely associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in women, whereas it was positively associated with high TAG levels in men. In conclusion, the alcohol dietary pattern, characterised by a high intake of alcoholic beverages, liver, chicken and fish, was associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and its components. This finding provides useful information for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia by modifying the diet.
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25
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Cheng W, Rosolowski M, Boettner J, Desch S, Jobs A, Thiele H, Buettner P. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity and incidence of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:47. [PMID: 35643463 PMCID: PMC9148501 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The preventive effect of cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions has been confirmed in animal models, but findings in the population are inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate the relationship of CEC with coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular mortality in a general population. Methods Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase database, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) were searched from inception to February 1st, 2022 for relevant studies, without any language restriction. For continuous variables, the mean and standard deviation (SD), maximum adjusted odds ratios (ORs), relative risks (RRs), or hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. The random-effects model was adopted to calculate the pooled results, and dose-response analyses were conducted. All pooled results were expressed by standardized mean difference (SMD) and ORs. Results Finally, 18 observational studies were included. Compared with the non-CAD group, the CAD group (SMD -0.48, 95% CI − 0.66 to − 0.30; I2 88.9%) had significantly lower CEC. In the high-CEC population, the risks of CAD (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.71; I2 81%) significantly decreased, and a linear negative dose-response was detected. However, an association between CEC and the risk of cardiovascular mortality was not found (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.06; I2 83.2%). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that decreased CEC is strongly associated with the risk of CAD, independent of HDL-C level. However, a decreased CEC seems not to be related to cardiovascular mortality. Meanwhile, CEC is linearly negatively correlated with the risk of CAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01657-3.
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26
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Battle S, Gogonea V, Willard B, Wang Z, Fu X, Huang Y, Graham LM, Cameron SJ, DiDonato JA, Crabb JW, Hazen SL. The pattern of apolipoprotein A-I lysine carbamylation reflects its lipidation state and the chemical environment within human atherosclerotic aorta. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101832. [PMID: 35304099 PMCID: PMC9010765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine carbamylation is an irreversible post-translational modification resulting in generation of homocitrulline (N-ε-carbamyllysine), which no longer possesses a charged ε-amino moiety. Two distinct pathways can promote protein carbamylation. One results from urea decomposition, forming an equilibrium mixture of cyanate (CNO−) and the reactive electrophile isocyanate. The second pathway involves myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate (SCN−), yielding CNO− and isocyanate. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a known target for MPO-catalyzed modification in vivo, converting the cardioprotective lipoprotein into a proatherogenic and proapoptotic one. We hypothesized that monitoring site-specific carbamylation patterns of apoA-I recovered from human atherosclerotic aorta could provide insights into the chemical environment within the artery wall. To test this, we first mapped carbamyllysine obtained from in vitro carbamylation of apoA-I by both the urea-driven (nonenzymatic) and inflammatory-driven (enzymatic) pathways in lipid-poor and lipidated apoA-I (reconstituted HDL). Our results suggest that lysine residues within proximity of the known MPO-binding sites on HDL are preferentially targeted by the enzymatic (MPO) carbamylation pathway, whereas the nonenzymatic pathway leads to nearly uniform distribution of carbamylated lysine residues along the apoA-I polypeptide chain. Quantitative proteomic analyses of apoA-I from human aortic atheroma identified 16 of the 21 lysine residues as carbamylated and suggested that the majority of apoA-I carbamylation in vivo occurs on “lipid-poor” apoA-I forms via the nonenzymatic CNO− pathway. Monitoring patterns of apoA-I carbamylation recovered from arterial tissues can provide insights into both apoA-I structure and the chemical environment within human atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Battle
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Shared Laboratory Resource, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Linda M Graham
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - John W Crabb
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH; Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
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27
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Guo L, Morin EE, Yu M, Mei L, Fawaz MV, Wang Q, Yuan Y, Zhan CG, Standiford TJ, Schwendeman A, Li XA. Replenishing HDL with synthetic HDL has multiple protective effects against sepsis in mice. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabl9322. [PMID: 35290084 PMCID: PMC9825056 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl9322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a major health issue with mortality exceeding 30% and few treatment options. We found that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) abundance was reduced by 45% in septic patients compared to that in nonseptic patients. Furthermore, HDL-C abundance in nonsurviving septic patients was substantially lower than in those patients who survived. We therefore hypothesized that replenishing HDL might be a therapeutic approach for treating sepsis and found that supplementing HDL with synthetic HDL (sHDL) provided protection against sepsis in mice. In mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), infusing the sHDL ETC-642 increased plasma HDL-C amounts and improved the 7-day survival rate. Septic mice treated with sHDL showed improved kidney function and reduced inflammation, as indicated by marked decreases in the plasma concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, respectively. We found that sHDL inhibited the ability of the endotoxins LPS and LPA to activate inflammatory pathways in RAW264.7 cells and HEK-Blue cells expressing the receptors TLR4 or TLR2 and NF-κB reporters. In addition, sHDL inhibited the activation of HUVECs by LPS, LTA, and TNF-α. Together, these data indicate that sHDL treatment protects mice from sepsis in multiple ways and that it might be an effective therapy for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Emily E. Morin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ling Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria V. Fawaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Theodore J. Standiford
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Ann Arbor, MI 48198, USA
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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28
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Lewandowski CT, Laham MS, Thatcher GR. Remembering your A, B, C's: Alzheimer's disease and ABCA1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:995-1018. [PMID: 35530134 PMCID: PMC9072248 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of ATP binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is central to cholesterol mobilization. Reduced ABCA1 expression or activity is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders. Therapeutic approaches to boost ABCA1 activity have yet to be translated successfully to the clinic. The risk factors for AD development and progression, including comorbid disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlight the intersection of cholesterol transport and inflammation. Upregulation of ABCA1 can positively impact APOE lipidation, insulin sensitivity, peripheral vascular and blood–brain barrier integrity, and anti-inflammatory signaling. Various strategies towards ABCA1-boosting compounds have been described, with a bias toward nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) agonists. These agonists display beneficial preclinical effects; however, important side effects have limited development. In particular, ligands that bind liver X receptor (LXR), the primary NHR that controls ABCA1 expression, have shown positive effects in AD mouse models; however, lipogenesis and unwanted increases in triglyceride production are often observed. The longstanding approach, focusing on LXRβ vs. LXRα selectivity, is over-simplistic and has failed. Novel approaches such as phenotypic screening may lead to small molecule NHR modulators that elevate ABCA1 function without inducing lipogenesis and are clinically translatable.
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29
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Simultaneous Noninvasive Detection and Therapy of Atherosclerosis Using HDL Coated Gold Nanorods. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030577. [PMID: 35328130 PMCID: PMC8947645 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A real need exists in the development of new, improved therapeutic methods for treating CVD, while major advances in nanotechnology have opened new avenues in this field. In this paper, we report the use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) coated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (GNP-HDL) for the simultaneous detection and therapy of unstable plaques. Based on the well-known HDL cardiovascular protection, by promoting the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), injured rat carotids, as a model for unstable plaques, were injected with the GNP-HDL. Noninvasive detection of the plaques 24 h post the GNP injection was enabled using the diffusion reflection (DR) method, indicating that the GNP-HDL particles had accumulated in the injured site. Pathology and noninvasive CT measurements proved the recovery of the injured artery treated with the GNP-HDL. The DR of the GNP-HDL presented a simple and highly sensitive method at a low cost, resulting in simultaneous specific unstable plaque diagnosis and recovery.
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Fogacci F, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. New evidences on the association between HDL-C and cardiovascular risk: a never ending research story. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:842-843. [PMID: 35088841 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular risk factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular risk factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular risk factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Sida acuta leaf extract attenuates oxidants-induced animal model of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Curative potential of Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) leaves on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and rifampicin was studied. This was aimed at providing a potent therapeutic alternative to conventional drugs in the management of liver and kidney diseases.
Methodology
Carbon tetrachloride (3 ml/kg bw) and rifampicn (250 mg/kg bw) were administered to induce liver and kidney damage in selected groups of albino rats. Graded doses of Sida acuta leaves extract as well as silymarin (200 mg/kg bw) were then post-administered to experimental animals placed into eight groups of five animals each. Biomarkers of oxidative stress such as lipid profile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malonidialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Histopathological observations of both renal and hepatic tissues of experimental animals were also performed.
Results
Animals exposed to CCl4 and rifampicin without treatment exhibited significant derangement in lipid profile, elevated levels of ALT, ALT, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and MDA in the serum and tissues homogenates. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly inhibited while level of GSH was depleted. Following treatment with S. acuta extract, all deranged parameters including histological alterations were restored in a dose-dependent manner comparable to animals treated with silymarin.
Conclusion
Biochemical and histopathological data obtained from the present study confirmed that Sida acuta is a potential antioxidant plant that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney dysfunctions.
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Tokgözoğlu L, Libby P. The dawn of a new era of targeted lipid-lowering therapies. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3198-3208. [PMID: 35051271 PMCID: PMC9448630 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease depend in part on lifestyle, but optimum control of lipids often demands additional measures. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) doubtless contributes causally to atherosclerosis. Recent human genetic findings have substantiated a number of novel targets for lipid-lowering therapy including apolipoprotein C-III, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4, apolipoprotein V, and ATP citrate lyase. These discoveries coupled with advances in biotechnology development afford new avenues for management of LDL and other aspects of lipid risk. Beyond LDL, new treatments targeting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a) have become available and have entered clinical development. Biological and RNA-directed agents have joined traditional small-molecule approaches, which themselves have undergone considerable refinement. Innovative targeting strategies have increased efficacy of some of these novel interventions and markedly improved their tolerability. Gene-editing approaches have appeared on the horizon of lipid management. This article reviews this progress offering insight into novel biological and therapeutic discoveries, and places them into a practical patient care perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Peter Libby
- Corresponding author. Tel: +1 617 525 4383, Fax: +1 617 525 4400,
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, Catalán Santos Ú, Solà R. A Fluorescence-Based In Vitro Method to Assess Cholesterol Efflux. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:257-274. [PMID: 35237969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux (ChE) capacity is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events and has been proposed as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. ChE has been traditionally assessed by in vitro radioactive methods but these are not appropriate when assessing a large number of samples. Therefore, alternative, reproducible nonradioactive methods have been developed. This chapter describes a robust nonradioactive method using a fluorescent tracer to assess ChE in vitro.The measurement of ChE in vitro requires three main components: a cholesterol-loaded donor cell, a cholesterol tracer, and a cholesterol acceptor. This method involves labeling of murine macrophage J774A.1 cells using the fluorescent sterol dipyrromethene boron difluoride (BODIPY)-cholesterol. The cholesterol acceptors from humans or animals include lipid-free apolipoprotein (ApoA)-1, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions, serum, plasma or ApoB-depleted serum or plasma. While lipid-free ApoA-1 mediates ChE via only ATP-binding cassette (ABC)A1 transporter, the remaining acceptors mediate ChE via ABCA1 , ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) transporters. The reproducibility of this BODIPY-ChE assay is excellent as the intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were <10% (30 replicates on the same day) and the interassay CVs were <14% (10 experiments performed on different days, with 3 replicates each). The fluorescent method therefore represents a reproducible, safe and useful tool to evaluate ChE as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Anna Pedret
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán Santos
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup Nutrició Funcional, Oxidació i Malalties Cardiovasculars (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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Koch M, Aroner SA, Fitzpatrick AL, Longstreth WT, Furtado JD, Mukamal KJ, Jensen MK. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Subspecies, Prevalent Covert Brain Infarcts, and Incident Overt Ischemic Stroke: Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 2021; 53:1292-1300. [PMID: 34645286 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whether HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is associated with risk of vascular brain injury is unclear. HDL is comprised of many apo (apolipoprotein) species, creating distinct subtypes of HDL. METHODS We utilized sandwich ELISA to determine HDL subspecies from plasma collected in 1998/1999 from 2001 CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (mean age, 80 years). RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, participants with higher apoA1 in plasma and lower apoE in HDL were less likely to have prevalent covert magnetic resonance imaging-defined infarcts: odds ratio for apoA1 Q4 versus Q1, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50-0.93), and odds ratio for apoE Q4 versus Q1, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.01-1.84). Similarly, apoA1 in the subspecies of HDL that lacked apoC3, apoJ, or apoE was inversely related to covert infarcts, and apoE in the subspecies of HDL that lacked apoC3 or apoJ was directly related to covert infarcts in prospective analyses. In contrast, the concentrations of apoA1 and apoE in the complementary subspecies of HDL that contained these apos were unrelated to covert infarcts. Patterns of associations between incident overt ischemic stroke and apoA1, apoE, and apoA1 and apoE in subspecies of HDL were similar to those observed for covert infarcts but less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights HDL subspecies defined by apo content as relevant biomarkers of covert and overt vascular brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Koch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.)
| | - Sarah A Aroner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (S.A.A.)
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.).,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.).,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle. (A.L.F.)
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle. (W.T.L.).,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle. (W.T.L.)
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.)
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (K.J.M.)
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.K., S.A.A., J.D.F., K.J.M., M.K.J.).,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.K.J.)
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Ramos LPA, Justino AB, Tavernelli N, Saraiva AL, Franco RR, de Souza AV, Silva HCG, de Moura FBR, Botelho FV, Espindola FS. Antioxidant compounds from Annona crassiflora fruit peel reduce lipid levels and oxidative damage and maintain the glutathione defense in hepatic tissue of Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112049. [PMID: 34426250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to interfering with serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, hyperlipidemia is involved in oxidative stress increase and reduction of the endogenous antioxidant defenses. The fruit peel of Annona crassiflora crude extract (CEAc) and its polyphenols-rich fraction (PFAc) were investigated against hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hepatic oxidative stress in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Lipid parameters in serum, feces and liver, as well as hepatic oxidative status, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems were analyzed. Pre-treatment with CEAc for 12 days decreased hepatic triglycerides and total cholesterol, and similar to PFAc, increased the high-density lipoprotein level. There were reductions in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, as well as restoration of the glutathione defense system and total thiol content in the liver of the hyperlipidemic mice treated with PFAc. The fruit peel of A. crassiflora, a promising natural source of bioactive molecules, showed a potential lipid-lowering action and hepatoprotective activities triggered by reduction of oxidative damage and maintenance of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems impaired by the hyperlipidemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Pereira Afonso Ramos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Natália Tavernelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Saraiva
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Adriele Vieira de Souza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Heitor Cappato Guerra Silva
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Françoise Vasconcelos Botelho
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
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Indu MS, Narayanankutty A, Ramavarma SK, Manalil JJ, Padikkala J, Raghavamenon AC. Desmodium gyrans dc modulates lipid trafficking in cultured macrophages and improves functional high-density lipoprotein in male wistar rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:286-293. [PMID: 34414906 PMCID: PMC8411961 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_136_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol-mediated atherosclerotic plaque regression has gained wide therapeutic attention. The whole plant methanolic extract of the medicinal plant Desmodium gyrans Methanolic Extract (DGM) has shown to mitigate hyperlipidemia in high fat- and-cholesterol fed rats and rabbits with significant HDL enhancing property. The study aimed to assess the functionality and mechanistic basis of HDL promoting effect of DGM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Macrophage cholesterol efflux and foam cell formation assays were performed in THP-1 macrophages. Male Wistar rats were given DGM extract over 1 month and assessed the serum HDL, Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), and paraoxonase activity. Quantitative Polymerase chain reaction was carried out to assess the expression level of Apo-A1, SR-B1 (Scavenger receptor B1), and Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on cDNA of HepG2 cells exposed to DGM. RESULTS: Pretreatment of DGM inhibited uptake of oxidized lipids and enhanced the lipid efflux by THP-1-derived macrophages. Oral administration of DGM (100 and 250 mg/kg) progressively enhanced the serum HDL, Apo-A1 level, and associated paraoxonase activity in normal male Wistar rats. In support to this, DGM exposed HepG2 cells documented dose-dependent increase in the expression of SR-B1 and Apo-A1 mRNA, while reduced the CETP expression. CONCLUSION: Overall the results indicated that DGM modulates lipid trafficking and possesses functional HDL enhancing potential through increased Apo-A1 levels and paraoxonase activity. Further, reduced CETP expression and increased expression of SR-B1 suggest the reverse cholesterol transport promoting role of DGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Indu
- Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Christophersen DV, Møller P, Thomsen MB, Lykkesfeldt J, Loft S, Wallin H, Vogel U, Jacobsen NR. Accelerated atherosclerosis caused by serum amyloid A response in lungs of ApoE -/- mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21307. [PMID: 33638910 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002017r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Airway exposure to eg particulate matter is associated with cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis. Acute phase genes, especially Serum Amyloid A3 (Saa3), are highly expressed in the lung following pulmonary exposure to particles. We aimed to investigate whether the human acute phase protein SAA (a homolog to mouse SAA3) accelerated atherosclerotic plaque progression in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. Mice were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with vehicle (phosphate buffered saline) or 2 µg human SAA once a week for 10 weeks. Plaque progression was assessed in the aorta using noninvasive ultrasound imaging of the aorta arch as well as by en face analysis. Additionally, lipid peroxidation, SAA3, and cholesterol were measured in plasma, inflammation was determined in lung, and mRNA levels of the acute phase genes Saa1 and Saa3 were measured in the liver and lung, respectively. Repeated i.t. instillation with SAA caused a significant progression in the atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta (1.5-fold). Concomitantly, SAA caused a statistically significant increase in neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (625-fold), in pulmonary Saa3 (196-fold), in systemic SAA3 (1.8-fold) and malondialdehyde levels (1.14-fold), indicating acute phase response (APR), inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, pulmonary exposure to SAA significantly decreased the plasma levels of very low-density lipoproteins - low-density lipoproteins and total cholesterol, possibly due to lipids being sequestered in macrophages or foam cells in the arterial wall. Combined these results indicate the importance of the pulmonary APR and SAA3 for plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vest Christophersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Ambu A/S, Ballerup, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Morten Baekgaard Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Circulatory Research Section, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Banerjee S, De A. Pathophysiology and inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein for prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An update. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1759-1764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rapid Decrease in HDL-C in the Puberty Period of Boys Associated with an Elevation of Blood Pressure and Dyslipidemia in Korean Teenagers: An Explanation of Why and When Men Have Lower HDL-C Levels Than Women. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9020035. [PMID: 34074048 PMCID: PMC8163168 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low serum high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and high blood pressure are linked to each other and are recognized as independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease and dementia. HDL can cross the blood-brain barrier to remove amyloid plaque and the blood-testis barrier to supply cholesterol for spermatogenesis, but LDL cannot. During the teenage period, between 10 and 19 years of age, the systolic blood pressure (BP) increased gradually to 7.9% in boys (p < 0.001), but not in girls (p = 0.141). The boys' group showed a remarkable decrease in the total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C from 10 to 15 years of age (p < 0.001). After then, the TC level increased again at 19 years of age to the previous level (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the HDL-C level at 19 years of age in the boys' group was not restored to the previous level at 10 years of age. The girls' group maintained similar TC (p < 0.001) and HDL-C (p < 0.001) levels from 10 to 19 years of age. These results suggest there was a remarkable difference in cholesterol consumption, particularly in the HDL-C level between boys and girls during the pubertal period. Correlation analysis showed an inverse association between the HDL-C level and SBP in boys (r = -0.133, p < 0.001) and girls (r = -0.065, p = 0.009) from 10 to 19 years of age. Interestingly, only the boys' group showed an inverse association with the diastolic BP (r = -0.122, p < 0.001); the girls' group did not have such an association (r = -0.016, p = 0.516). In conclusion, the boys' group showed a sharp decrease in the HDL-C level from 10 to 15 years of age, whereas the girls' group showed an increase in the HDL-C level during the same period. These results explain why men have a lower serum HDL-C level than women in adulthood.
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Li YW, Kao TW, Chang PK, Chen WL, Wu LW. Atherogenic index of plasma as predictors for metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Taiwan citizens: a 9-year longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9900. [PMID: 33972652 PMCID: PMC8110777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deeply involved with dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease has becoming the leading cause of mortality since the early twentieth century in the modern world. Whose correlation with metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well established. We conducted a 9-year longitudinal study to identify the association between easily measured lipid parameters, future MetS, hypertension and T2DM by gender and age distribution. Divided into three groups by age (young age: < 40, middle age: ≥ 40 and < 65 and old age: ≥ 65), 7670 participants, receiving standard medical inspection at Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH) in Taiwan, had been enrolled in this study. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was a logarithmically transformed ratio of triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Through multivariate regression analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of AIP for MetS, hypertension and T2DM were illustrated. AIP revealed significant association with all the aforementioned diseases through the entire three models for both genders. Additionally, AIP revealed significant correlation which remained still after fully adjustment in MetS, hypertension, and T2DM groups for subjects aged 40–64-year-old. Nevertheless, for participants aged above 65-year-old, AIP only demonstrated significant association in MetS group. Our results explore the promising value of AIP to determine the high-risk subjects, especially meddle-aged ones, having MetS, hypertension, and T2DM in the present and the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 2F, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu district, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pi-Kai Chang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 2F, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu district, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 2F, No. 325, Sec. 2, Cheng-Gong Rd., Neihu district, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan, ROC. .,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Long-term fasting improves lipoprotein-associated atherogenic risk in humans. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4031-4044. [PMID: 33963431 PMCID: PMC8437871 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dyslipidemia is a major health concern associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Long-term fasting (LF) has been shown to improve plasma lipid profile. We performed an in-depth investigation of lipoprotein composition. Methods This observational study included 40 volunteers (50% men, aged 32–65 years), who underwent a medically supervised fast of 14 days (250 kcal/day). Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels, as well as in lipoprotein subclasses and particles, were measured by ultracentrifugation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at baseline, and after 7 and 14 fasting days. Results The largest changes were found after 14 fasting days. There were significant reductions in triglycerides (TG, − 0.35 ± 0.1 mmol/L), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG (− 0.46 ± 0.08 mmol/L), VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C, − 0.16 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C (− 0.72 ± 0.14 mmol/L). Analysis of LDL subclasses showed a significant decrease in LDL1-C (− 0.16 ± 0.05 mmol/L), LDL2-C (− 0.30 ± 0.06 mmol/L) and LDL3-C (− 0.27 ± 0.05 mmol/L). NMR spectroscopy showed a significant reduction in large VLDL particles (− 5.18 ± 1.26 nmol/L), as well as large (− 244.13 ± 39.45 nmol/L) and small LDL particles (− 38.45 ± 44.04 nmol/L). A significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (− 0.16 ± 0.04 mmol/L) was observed. By contrast, the concentration in large HDL particles was significantly raised. Apolipoprotein A1 decreased significantly whereas apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were unchanged. Conclusion Our results suggest that LF improves lipoprotein levels and lipoprotein subclasses and ameliorates the lipoprotein-associated atherogenic risk profile, suggesting a reduction in the cardiovascular risk linked to dyslipidemia. Trial Registration Study registration number: DRKS-ID: DRKS00010111 Date of registration: 03/06/2016 “retrospectively registered”. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02578-0.
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Santa Cruz EC, Zandonadi FDS, Fontes W, Sussulini A. A pilot study indicating the dysregulation of the complement and coagulation cascades in treated schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140657. [PMID: 33839315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the proteome profile after bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) treatment, besides monitoring disease progression, may assist on the development of novel therapeutic strategies with the ability to reduce or control possible side effects. In this pilot study, proteomics analysis employing nano liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nLC-MS) and bioinformatic tools were applied to identify differentially abundant proteins in serum of treated BD and SCZ patients. In total, 10 BD patients, 10 SCZ patients, and 14 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. 24 serum proteins were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in BD and SCZ treated patients and, considering log2FC > 0.58, 8 proteins presented lower abundance in the BD group, while 7 proteins presented higher abundance and 2 lower abundance in SCZ group when compared against HC. Bioinformatics analysis based on these 24 proteins indicated two main altered pathways previously described in the literature; furthermore, it revealed that opposite abundances of the complement and coagulation cascades were the most significant biological processes involved in these pathologies. Moreover, we describe disease-related proteins and pathways associations suggesting the necessity of clinical follow-up improvement besides treatment, as a precaution or safety measure, along with the disease progression. Further biological validation and investigations are required to define whether there is a correlation between complement and coagulation cascade expression for BD and SCZ and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Castañeda Santa Cruz
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia da Silva Zandonadi
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics - INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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The Association between HDL-C and Subclinical Atherosclerosis Depends on CETP Plasma Concentration: Insights from the IMPROVE Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030286. [PMID: 33799675 PMCID: PMC7999018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on atherosclerosis is highly debated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between plasma CETP or CETP genotypes and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the influence of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on these associations. Plasma CETP and HDL-C concentrations were measured in 552 subjects free of any pharmacological treatment from the IMPROVE cohort, which includes 3711 European subjects at high cardiovascular risk. CETP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cIMT measures (cIMTmax; cIMTmean-max of bifurcations, common and internal carotids; plaque-free common carotid [PF CC]-IMTmean) were available for the full cohort. In drug-free subjects, plasma CETP correlated with HDL-C levels (r = 0.19, p < 0.0001), but not with cIMT variables. When stratified according to HDL-C quartiles, CETP positively correlated with cIMTmax and cIMTmean-max, but not with PF CC-IMTmean, in the top HDL-C quartile only. Positive associations between the CETP concentration and cIMTmax or cIMTmean-max were found in the top HDL-C quartile, whereas HDL-C levels were negatively correlated with cIMTmax and cIMTmean-max when the CETP concentration was below the median (HDL-C × CETP interaction, p = 0.001 and p = 0.003 for cIMTmax and cIMTmean-max, respectively). In the full cohort, three CETP SNPs (rs34760410, rs12920974, rs12708968) were positively associated with cIMTmax. rs12444708 exhibited a significant interaction with HDL-C levels in the prediction of cIMTmax. In conclusion, a significant interplay was found between plasma CETP and/or CETP genotype and HDL-C in the prediction of carotid plaque thickness, as indexed by cIMTmax. This suggests that the association of HDL-C with carotid atherosclerosis is CETP-dependent.
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Materno-fetal cholesterol transport during pregnancy. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:775-786. [PMID: 32369555 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major nutrient required for fetal growth. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and essential for the development and maturation of fetal organs. During pregnancy, the placenta controls the transport of cholesterol from the mother to the fetus and vice versa. Cholesterol originating from the maternal circulation has to cross two main membrane barriers to reach the fetal circulation: Firstly, cholesterol is acquired by the apical side of the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) from the maternal circulation as high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and secreted at the basal side facing the villous stroma. Secondly, from the villous stroma cholesterol is taken up by the endothelium of the fetal vasculature and transported to the fetal vessels. The proteins involved in the uptake of HDL-, LDL-, VLDL- or unesterified-cholesterol are scavenger receptor type B class 1 (SR-B1), cubulin, megalin, LDL receptor (LDLR) or Niemann-Pick-C1 (NPC1) which are localized at the apical and/or basal side of the STB or at the fetal endothelium. Through interaction with apolipoproteins (e.g. apoA1) cholesterol is effluxed either to the maternal or fetal circulation via the ATP-binding-cassette (ABC)-transporter A1 and ABCG1 localized at the apical/basal side of the STB or the endothelium. In this mini-review, we summarize the transport mechanisms of cholesterol across the human placenta, the expression and localization of proteins involved in the uptake and efflux of cholesterol, and the expression pattern of cholesterol transport proteins in pregnancy pathologies such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth retardation.
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Wallimann-Annema W. [The Current Significance of Measuring HDL-Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment]. PRAXIS 2021; 110:383-390. [PMID: 34019448 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Current Significance of Measuring HDL-Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Abstract. In clinical practice, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are frequently used for cardiovascular risk prediction. HDL particles perform numerous functions that theoretically protect against atherosclerosis. Accordingly, extensive studies have clearly demonstrated that low HDL-C is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, it is now considered questionable whether very high HDL-C levels are always cardioprotective. This may be explained by the structural heterogeneity of HDL particles and the loss of HDL protective functions in the context of disease, which cannot be detected by the simple measurement of HDL-C. In the future new markers of the functional capacity of HDL particles may replace HDL-C as a traditional parameter for cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Cole J, Blackhurst DM, Solomon GAE, Ratanjee BD, Benjamin R, Marais AD. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to LIPG variants. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:142-150.e2. [PMID: 33414088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration correlates inversely with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and is included in risk calculations. Endothelial lipase (EL) is a phospholipase that remodels HDL. Deficiency of EL due to mutations in its gene, LIPG, is associated with hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The effects of EL on HDL function and ASCVD risk remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine whether hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to EL deficiency is protective against ASCVD. METHODS We identified LIPG variants amongst patients with severe hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HDL-C >2.5 mmol/L) attending a referral lipid clinic in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. We analysed the clinical and biochemical phenotypes amongst primary hyperalphalipoproteinemia cases (males HDL-C >1.6 mmol/L; females HDL-C >1.8 mmol/L) due to LIPG variants, and the distribution of variants in normal and hyperalphalipoproteinemia ranges of HDL-C. RESULTS 1007 patients with HDL-C concentration ranging from 1.2 to 4.5 mmol/L were included. Seventeen females had primary hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Vascular disease was prominent, but not associated with HDL-C concentration, LDL-C concentration or carotid artery intima media thickness. Two novel and three known LIPG variants were identified in severe hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Four additional variants were identified in the extended cohort. Two common variants appeared normally distributed across the HDL-C concentration range, while six less-common variants were found only at higher HDL-C concentrations. One rare variant had a moderate effect. CONCLUSION Hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to LIPG variants is commoner in females and may not protect against ASCVD. Use of current risk calculations may be inappropriate in patients with hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to EL deficiency. Our study cautions targeting EL to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Cole
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, C17 Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Diane Mary Blackhurst
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriele Anna Eva Solomon
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bharati Dhanluxmi Ratanjee
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ryan Benjamin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, C17 Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adrian David Marais
- Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Tucker B, Sawant S, McDonald H, Rye KA, Patel S, Ong KL, Cochran BJ. The association of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels with total and differential leukocyte counts: Results of a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank. Atherosclerosis 2020; 319:1-9. [PMID: 33453490 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is some evidence of a cross-sectional, and possibly causal, relationship of lipid levels with leukocyte counts in mice and humans. This study investigates the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship of blood lipid and lipoprotein levels with leukocyte counts in the UK Biobank cohort. METHODS The primary cross-sectional analysis included 417,132 participants with valid data on lipid measures and leukocyte counts. A subgroup analysis was performed in 333,668 participants with valid data on lipoprotein(a). The longitudinal analysis included 9058 participants with valid baseline and follow-up data on lipid and lipoprotein levels and leukocyte counts. The association of lipid and lipoprotein levels with leukocyte counts was analysed by multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Several relationships were significant in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic and other confounding factors, a higher eosinophil count was associated with lower HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentration (p < 0.001). Higher triglycerides levels were associated with higher total leukocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte and neutrophil counts (all p < 0.01). A higher lymphocyte count was associated with a higher apolipoprotein B level (p < 0.001). In the longitudinal analysis, lipoprotein(a) was inversely associated with basophil count in men but not women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Triglyceride levels demonstrate a robust positive association with total and differential leukocyte counts suggesting they may be directly involved in leukogenesis. However, unlike in murine models, the remainder of these relationships is modest, which suggests that cholesterol and lipoproteins are minimally involved in leukogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Tucker
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Negi P, Heikkilä T, Tallgren T, Malmi P, Lund J, Sinisalo J, Metso J, Jauhiainen M, Pettersson K, Lamminmäki U, Lövgren J. Three two-site apoA-I immunoassays using phage expressed detector antibodies - Preliminary clinical evaluation with cardiac patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113772. [PMID: 33309125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogenous group of subpopulations differing in protein/lipid composition and in their anti-atherogenic function. There is a lack of specific and robust assays which can target the functionality of HDL with respect to atherosclerosis. With recently generated CAD HDL targeted, single chain recombinant antibodies (scFvs) we set out to design and optimize apo A-I tests to compare it with conventional HDL-C and apo A-I analyses for diagnosis and risk assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its outcome. Three highly sensitive two-site apo A-I assays: 022-454, 109-121 and 110-525 were optimized. A preliminary clinical evaluation of these assays, after proper sample dilution procedure, was performed using samples derived from 195 chest pain patients (myocardial infarction (MI), n = 86 and non-MI, n = 109), collected at the time of admission and at discharge from hospital (hospital stay ≤ 24 h). The clinical performance of the assays was compared with apo A-I measured with polyclonal anti-apo A-I antibody using conventional ELISA. Apo A-I data was in addition compared with HDL-C concentration of the samples. The concentration of apo A-I was significantly lower in MI patients than in non-MI individuals with assay 022-454 (admission and discharge samples, P < 0.0001 and = 0.004); assay 109-121 (admission and discharge samples, P = 0.04 and 0.0009), and, ELISA based apo A-I test (admission and discharge samples, P = 0.008 and < 0.0001). HDL-C (admission and discharge samples, P = 0.002 and P = 0.01) was also significantly lower in MI patients. In Kaplan- Meier analysis, two-site assay 109-121 assay predicted mortality from admission samples at 1.5 yrs (whole cohort, P = 0.01 and in MI patients, P = 0.05) and at 6 months (whole cohort, P = 0.04). Assay 110-525 predicted mortality at 1.5 yrs from admission samples of non-MI patients (P = 0.01) and at 6 months from whole discharge sample cohort (P = 0.04). Polyclonal anti-apo A-I based conventional assay predicted mortality at 1.5 yrs from admission samples of whole cohort (P = 0.03). Two-site apo A-I assay 022-454 and HDL-C provided no capability of predicting mortality in the whole cohort or any sub-group. In conclusion, two of the tested recombinant apo A-I antibody combinations (sc 109-121 and sc 110-525) display promising outcome to improve diagnosis and prediction of future cardiac events in cardiac patients over polyclonal apo A-I ELISA and HDL-C assays. The noted differences, while interesting, are preliminary and need however to be verified in extensive cohorts of pathological cardiac conditions and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Negi
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Taina Heikkilä
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Tallgren
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Malmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Lund
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Janita Lövgren
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Nienov OH, Machado FD, Dias LS, De Carli LA, Schmid H. Effect of Bariatric Surgery on High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol in Non-diabetic Patients with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2020; 30:154-160. [PMID: 31377991 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated changes in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) induced by laparoscopic bariatric surgery (BS) in non-diabetic obese subjects with low (L-HDL-C) or normal (N-HDL-C) levels of HDL-C. We assessed whether increased HDL-C is associated with weight loss, serum non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), serum triglycerides (TG), and physical activity (PA) before and 6 and 15 months after BS. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 71 subjects undergoing BS (42 by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 29 by sleeve gastrectomy) were evaluated for the % Excess Weight Loss (%EWL), waist circumference (WC), serum levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, TG, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C, and the degree, time, and energy expenditure related to PA. The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess PA. RESULTS Levels of HDL-C significantly increased 15 months after BS (p < 0.001) in subjects with low (p < 0.001) or normal (p = 0.017) values at baseline. A similar %EWL, decrease in WC, glucose, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C levels and increase in energy expenditure related to PA, was observed in both groups (L-HDL-C and N-HDL-C) at 15 months after BS. However, the L-HDL-C group presented greater decrease in TG levels compared with N-HDL-C group (p = 0.004). In subjects with increased HDL-C 15 months after BS, there was an association between this increase and the %EWL (p = 0.030), but there was no association with the change in PA. CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of PA after BS, subjects with low and normal HDL-C levels at baseline showed an increase in HDL-C after BS, and this increase was associated with %EWL induced by BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Henrique Nienov
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dapper Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Stefani Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto De Carli
- Centro de Tratamento da Obesidade, Hospital Santa Rita do Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena Schmid
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Centro de Tratamento da Obesidade, Hospital Santa Rita do Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Departamento de Medicina Interna, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Liu L, Cao Z, Lu F, Liu Y, Lv Y, Qu Y, Gu H, Li C, Cai J, Ji S, Li Y, Zhao F, Shi X. Vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in elderly Chinese individuals: evidence from CLHLS. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:58. [PMID: 32760432 PMCID: PMC7391611 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Both low vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide concerns, and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with MetS; however, related epidemiological evidence based on elderly Chinese individuals, especially those over 80 years of age, is limited. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D and MetS in elderly Chinese individuals. Method Serum 25(OH)D was measured in a cross-sectional sample of 2493 elderly people aged 65–112 years from eight areas of China in which the density of centenarians is exceptionally high. MetS was diagnosed according to blood pressure, lipid, and blood sugar levels; waist circumference; and body mass index (BMI). Adjusted multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between vitamin D and MetS based on different diagnostic criterias. Results A total of 890 (35.7%) of the recruited elderly individuals had insufficient levels of vitamin D, and 1029 participants (41.3%) were vitamin D deficient. High serum vitamin D concentrations were associated with a low prevalence of MetS according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria for adequate versus deficient vitamin D levels (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.88) and inadequate versus deficient vitamin D levels (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.92). Each 10 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D was significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of MetS according to the modified ATP III criteria for people with normal waist circumference (WC) (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43,0.71). However, no significant statistical correlation was found among elderly people with a high WC. Additionally, in the analysis of the individual components, the ORs of adequate versus deficient vitamin D levels were 0.46 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.71) for elevated triglycerides and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.97) for reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) after adjustment for other components. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is very common among elderly Chinese individuals. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for MetS; however, the association was only statistically significant among elderly people with noncentral obesity. Further studies are needed to examine the causal direction of the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center, (Beijing Municipal Health Commission Policy Research Center), Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yingli Qu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Heng Gu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Saisai Ji
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yawei Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng, Beijing, 100050 China
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