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Garcia JF, Seco-Calvo J, Arribalzaga S, Díez R, Lopez C, Fernandez MN, Garcia JJ, Diez MJ, de la Puente R, Sierra M, Sahagún AM. Tribulus terrestris and Sport Performance: A Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Its Advertisement and Availability via Online Shopping in Six Different Countries. Nutrients 2024; 16:1320. [PMID: 38732566 PMCID: PMC11085339 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are commonly used among athletes, and the Internet may be an easy source of these products. Tribulus terrestris is an herbal supplement with multiple properties. Of interest to athletes are reports that its consumption can lead to muscle mass gain and a faster recovery process. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the availability of Tribulus terrestris via the Internet in six countries (Canada, Puerto Rico, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, and the United States of America) via a specifically designed computer program. The characteristics of the websites selling this substance, the country from which it can be purchased, the route of administration, and recommendations for its use were analyzed. The results of the study show that this supplement is marketed mainly in Russia, Ukraine, and Spain on many websites that are mostly dedicated to sports products. Just over half of the webpages (59.14%) identified only distribute this supplement within the same country. The main claims for its consumption refer to sports performance benefits, but there are also claims that it may improve male hormone levels and sexual function. Athletes should be encouraged to seek professional advice prior to ingesting this supplement to ensure that it is suitable for their specific training and sports objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Garcia
- Department of Mechanical, Informatics and Aerospatiale Engineering, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain;
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain;
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Soledad Arribalzaga
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain;
| | - Raquel Díez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Cristina Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - M. Nelida Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Juan J. Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - M. Jose Diez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Raul de la Puente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Matilde Sierra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ana M. Sahagún
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain; (R.D.); (C.L.); (M.N.F.); (J.J.G.); (M.J.D.); (R.d.l.P.); (M.S.); (A.M.S.)
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Saeed M, Munawar M, Bi JB, Ahmed S, Ahmad MZ, Kamboh AA, Arain MA, Naveed M, Chen H. Promising phytopharmacology, nutritional potential, health benefits, and traditional usage of Tribulus terrestris L. herb. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25549. [PMID: 38375303 PMCID: PMC10875386 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicines are becoming more popular as people become more aware of the dangers of synthetic pharmaceuticals. Tribulus terrestris L., (Gokharu) an annual herbaceous plant, has been extensively utilized by herbalists for numerous medicinal purposes. T. terrestris has been studied for its multiple therapeutic effects, including immunomodulatory, aphrodisiac, anti-urolithic, absorption enhancer, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, neuro-protective, anticancer, and analgesic properties. Saponins and flavonoids are two examples of beneficial substances that have recently been found in T. terrestris. These chemicals are very important for a variety of therapeutic effects. Numerous studies have shown that T. terrestris products and various parts may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, testosterone-boosting, and liver protective effects. According to the published evidence, T. terrestris boosts testosterone secretion, regulates blood pressure, and protects the human body against injuries. The cardiovascular, reproductive, and urinary systems are all severely impacted. Due to its potent bioactive compounds, the literature evaluated from a wide range of sources including books, reports, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, and other databases demonstrated the extraordinary potential to treat numerous human and animal ailments. Our review is different from other published articles because we explored its importance for humans and especially in veterinary like poultry health. It could also be used as an aphrodisiac to treat different fertility-related disorders in human and animal science. More research into the pharmacodynamics of herbs like T. terrestris is needed so that it can be used in a wider variety of nutraceutical products for humans and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mahzaib Munawar
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jannat Bi Bi
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Shabbir Ahmed
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | | | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Seco-Calvo J, Pascual-Fernández J, Domínguez-Ortega C, Del Valle Soto M, Mielgo-Ayuso J. 6-Week Supplementation with Tribulus terrestris L. to Trained Male CrossFit ® Athletes on Muscle, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Biomarkers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16158. [PMID: 36498228 PMCID: PMC9736311 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) ingredients have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but their effects on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in trained athletes are uncertain. The purpose of this single-blind placebo-controlled trial, in accordance with CONSORT guidelines, was to examine the effect of 6 weeks of TT supplementation on muscle metabolism, inflammation biomarkers, and oxidant status. Thirty trained male CrossFit® athletes were randomly assigned to be supplemented with 770 mg/day of TT (intervention group (IG)) or receive a placebo daily (control group (CG)) for 6 weeks. Muscle damage enzymes, inflammation biomarkers, and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) were assessed at baseline (T1), 21 days after baseline (T2), and after 42 days (T3). Grace, a Workout of the Day, was measured in T1 and T3. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was found between IG and CG in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and TAS levels at the end of the follow-up. Furthermore, TAS levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at T2 and T3 relative to baseline in the IG, also LDH and CRP increased significantly (p < 0.05) at T2 and T3 relative to baseline in the CG. No significant (p > 0.05) decreases in muscle damage or inflammation biomarkers were observed, although a slight downward trend was observed after 6 weeks for supplemented athletes. TT supplementation could attenuate the CrossFit® training program-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation which could be due to the natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Campus of Vegazana, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Basque Country University, 48900 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual-Fernández
- Medical Hospital Emergency Service of Hospital San Pedro, Rioja Health, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carlos Domínguez-Ortega
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Hematology Service of Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castile and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Valle Soto
- Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Fernandez-Lazaro CI, Seco-Calvo J, Garrosa E, Adams DP, Mielgo-Ayuso J. Effects of Tribulus terrestris L. on Sport and Health Biomarkers in Physically Active Adult Males: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159533. [PMID: 35954909 PMCID: PMC9368143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, and sports nutrition to improve health and performance. However, no conclusive evidence exists about the potential beneficial effects of TT on sport and health biomarkers in physically active adults. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the modified McMaster Critical Review Form for methodological quality assessment, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, to assess the effects of TT on immunological, hematological, biochemical, renal, lipidic, hormonal behavior, and anti-inflammatory response in physically active adult males. Among 340 records identified in the search, a total of 7 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, participants supplemented with TT displayed significant improvements in lipid profile. Inflammatory and hematological biomarkers showed moderate beneficial effects with no significant changes on renal biomarkers. No positive effects were observed on the immune system response. Additionally, no TT-induced toxicity was reported. In conclusion, there was no clear evidence of the beneficial effects of TT supplementation on muscle damage markers and hormonal behavior. More studies are needed to confirm the benefits of TT due to the limited number of studies available in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.F.-L.); (C.I.F.-L.)
| | - Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.F.-L.); (C.I.F.-L.)
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Physiotherapy Department, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain;
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Basque Country University, 48900 Leioa, Spain
| | - Evelina Garrosa
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCYL), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - David P. Adams
- Dual Credit Enrollment Program, Point University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA;
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, del Valle Soto M, Adams DP, González-Bernal JJ, Seco-Calvo J. The Effects of 6 Weeks of Tribulus terrestris L. Supplementation on Body Composition, Hormonal Response, Perceived Exertion, and CrossFit ® Performance: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3969. [PMID: 34836225 PMCID: PMC8623187 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) supplementation have been shown to enhance sports performance in many but not all studies. Moreover, data regarding the potential impact of TT supplementation on CrossFit® endurance is limited. This study aimed to determine whether TT supplementation improve body composition, hormonal response, and performance among CrossFit® athletes. In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 30 healthy CrossFit®-trained males were randomly allocated to receive either 770 mg of TT supplementation or a placebo daily for 6 weeks. Body mass, fat mass, fat composition, testosterone and cortisol levels, and CrossFit® performance (5 common Workouts of the Day: back squat, bench press, dead lift, Grace, and CrossFit® Total) were assessed before and after intervention. There were no significant group x time interactions for the outcomes of the study except for testosterone levels and bench press performance (p < 0.05). TT supplementation did not impact enhance performance or body composition in CrossFit® male athletes. However, TT supplementation may act as a testosterone booster helping the recovery after physical loads and mitigating fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus of Soria, University of Valladolid, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Miguel del Valle Soto
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - David P. Adams
- Dual Enrollment Program, Point University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA;
| | | | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Campus de Vegazana, University of Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain;
- Visiting Researcher of Basque Country University, Psychology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 48900 Leioa, Spain
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Comparison of Gastric-ulcerogenecity Effect of Methanolic Extract of Capparis spinosa and Indomethacin in Rat. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.93823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several plants are used as analgesic in traditional medicine. Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) is widely used for the treatment of gout and rheumatic arthritis. The previous studies have reported the antinociceptive effects of this plant. Objectives: The study was aimed at examining the C. spinosa’s gastric-ulcerogenecity effect in comparison to indomethacin. Methods: The percolated extract of C. spinosa and Indomethacin were orally administered to the rats at 50,100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses, which were slaughtered after 4 hours. The stomach was detached, and 10 mL of 2% formalin was injected into it to fix the gastric wall internal layer. The stomach was then split by cutting along the greater curvature, and the lacerations in the glandular section examined. J-score was used to determine ulcer index. Results: The results indicated that percolated extract of C. spinosa administered orally in antinociceptive dosage and even 2,4 and 8 folds did not cause a gastric ulcer (J-score = 0) compared to indomethacin (J-score = 46 to 253) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Concerning the favorable analgesic effect of C. spinosa and lack of gastric ulcerogenecity effects, it seems to be a suitable choice for more pharmacological and toxicology examinations to use as analgesic.
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Demir EA. Over, Böbrek ve Beyinde İskemi / Reperfüzyon Sonrası Redoks Dengesi ve Tribulus Terrestris L.’nin Etkileri. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.620570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Semerdjieva IB, Zheljazkov VD. Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, and Uses of Tribulus terrestris: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) (puncturevine) is a common weed that grows in many countries worldwide and in some places is considered as a noxious weed. The plant has been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicines and is now considered as one of the most popular aphrodisiacs. It is known for its healing properties for sexual difficulties, impotence, and human and animal hormonal imbalance. It is also used as a sexual booster. Because of the plant’s active substances that can be used for curing sexual and other disorders, interest in it is increasing, and it is currently one of the most studied medicinal plants. The products and preparations manufactured from the aboveground plant parts are especially popular among athletes and people with health issues and diseases such as hormonal imbalance, sexual problems, heart problems, and various kidney and skin diseases. The aim of this review is a comprehensive and critical assessment of the scientific publications involving TT, with special reference to its chemical constituents and biological properties that may facilitate current understanding and future studies of this fascinating plant species. The objectives of this review were (1) to find knowledge gaps, (2) to discuss critically relevant publications and issues with materials and methods that may be prerequisites for contradictory results, and (3) to identify research and development areas. It was found that some of the studies on TT extracts as aphrodisiacs are controversial. A significant number of research publications claim that TT extracts and nutritional supplements containing TT improve muscle tone, have a common biostimulating effect, and improve spermogenesis. However, there are a growing number of publications that dispute these claims, as there are no empirical data on commonly accepted mechanisms of action. The main biologically active substances in TT are steroidal saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and lignan amides, the most studied being the steroidal saponins. Multiyear data on the metabolic profile of the species are generally lacking. There are a variety of methods used for extracting plant material, differences in methodologies and saponin analyses, and scientific instruments that were used. Lack of common standards could be a reason for differences in the pharmacological activity and composition of the TT preparations. Development of standard procedures and methods for collection of plant material and analyses are recommended. Selection and breeding efforts and agronomic studies of promising clones of TT would need to be conducted in order to develop TT as a new crop. This will provide consistency of supply and quality of the feedstock for the pharmaceutical industry and could provide a new cash crop for growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Gautam M, Ramanathan M. Saponins of Tribulus terrestris attenuated neuropathic pain induced with vincristine through central and peripheral mechanism. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:761-772. [PMID: 29938333 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study comprises exploring the effects of saponins from Tribulus terrestris (TT) in attenuating the neuropathic pain caused by vincristine (100 μg/ml i.p.) for 10 days (in two 5 day cycles with 2 days pause). Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed by Randall-Sellitto and electronic von Frey tests, respectively. Chemical- induced nociception was assessed by formalin test. Neurophysiological effect of the extract was evaluated by recording sciatic functional index (SFI) on the test days (7, 10, 14, and 21) and sciatic nerve conduction velocity test (SNCV) on the last day. Inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in both sciatic nerve and brain and brain neurotransmitters, glutamate and aspartate, were measured to support the behavioral response. The saponins of TT-treated group were found to be effective in the behavioral experiments, implying its activity both centrally and peripherally in attenuating pain. The inflammatory mediators in both sciatic nerve and brain (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were found to be attenuated with TT saponin treatment in comparison to vincristine-treated group, indicating its anti-inflammatory property. The excitatory neurotransmitters, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid, were also found to be attenuated with TT saponins, implying restoration of neuronal damage and synaptic activity caused by high amount of glutamate due to excess TNF-α in brain and reversing the nociceptive threshold lowered due to aspartate. Thus, TT(S) is peripherally and centrally active in lowering the inflammatory mediators, reversing the neuronal damage and increasing the nociceptive threshold caused due to peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - Muthiah Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Zhang G, Rashid N, Zafar M, Sultana S, Shah SN. Traditional plant based medicines used to treat musculoskeletal disorders in Northern Pakistan. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Singh H, Bhushan S, Arora R, Singh Buttar H, Arora S, Singh B. Alternative treatment strategies for neuropathic pain: Role of Indian medicinal plants and compounds of plant origin-A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:634-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Bouabdallah S, Sghaier RM, Selmi S, Khlifi D, Laouini D, Ben-Attia M. Current approaches and challenges for chemical characterization of inhibitory effect against cancer cell line isolated from Gokshur extract. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:279-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hamedi S, Sadeghpour O, Shamsardekani MR, Amin G, Hajighasemali D, Feyzabadi Z. The Most Common Herbs to Cure the Most Common Oral Disease: Stomatitis Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer (RAU). IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e21694. [PMID: 27186385 PMCID: PMC4867162 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is an oral disease and the most common oral lesion, with 2% to 66% of the world's population infected annually. Its prevalence is about 25% in Tehran and 27.6% in Mashhad. The etiology of RAU is multifactorial. Aphthous risk factors include: immunological factors, psychological factors, stress, trauma, sensitivity, family history, blood disorders, malnutrition, and use of certain medications, It should be noted that the best treatment for RAU is the topical application of drugs. The use of topical treatments is recommended not only because the drug can directly impact the source of the disease, but also systemic side effects of the drug are reduced. Treatment of RAU has been considered in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), and is covered in therapeutic books. The use of herbs in RAU has a centuries-old history; accordingly, extensive research should be conducted for this treatment of the disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Iranian medical sources were reviewed and effective plants used in the traditional treatment of RAU were found and compared with new findings. Finally, we have created a table listing the plants that are part of the therapeutic protocol for RAU. RESULTS Based on this article we can explain some of traditional pharmacological effects of plants and how these plants can be a source for a cure. CONCLUSIONS The plants listed can be used as a prediction of RAU management. Of course, there are is no evidence for curing RAU by some of these plants in allopathic medicine, and the further investigations in this area could lead to the discovery of a new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouhsadat Hamedi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghpour
- Herbal Medicine Department, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Omid Sadeghpour, Herbal Medicine Department, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2133950154, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Shamsardekani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Dawood Hajighasemali
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Feyzabadi
- School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
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Hend MT, Heba MAA, Yasmen SM, Nahla SELS. Efficacy of Tribulus terrestris extract and metformin on fertility indices and oxidative stress of testicular tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chhatre S, Nesari T, Somani G, Kanchan D, Sathaye S. Phytopharmacological overview of Tribulus terrestris. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:45-51. [PMID: 24600195 PMCID: PMC3931200 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris (family Zygophyllaceae), commonly known as Gokshur or Gokharu or puncture vine, has been used for a long time in both the Indian and Chinese systems of medicine for treatment of various kinds of diseases. Its various parts contain a variety of chemical constituents which are medicinally important, such as flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids. It has diuretic, aphrodisiac, antiurolithic, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, absorption enhancing, hypolipidemic, cardiotonic, central nervous system, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, anticancer, antibacterial, anthelmintic, larvicidal, and anticariogenic activities. For the last few decades or so, extensive research work has been done to prove its biological activities and the pharmacology of its extracts. The aim of this review is to create a database for further investigations of the discovered phytochemical and pharmacological properties of this plant to promote research. This will help in confirmation of its traditional use along with its value-added utility, eventually leading to higher revenues from the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chhatre
- Department of Dravyaguana, Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research in Ayurveda, Tilak Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Tanuja Nesari
- Department of Dravyaguana, Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research in Ayurveda, Tilak Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Gauresh Somani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence - Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Divya Kanchan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence - Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence - Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Ranjithkumar R, Prathab Balaji S, Balaji B, Ramesh RV, Ramanathan M. Standardized Aqueous Tribulus terristris (nerunjil) extract attenuates hyperalgesia in experimentally induced diabetic neuropathic pain model: role of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1646-57. [PMID: 23280817 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate standardized aqueous Tribulus terristris (nerunjil) extract on the pain threshold response in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathic pain model in rats. After a single injection of STZ (40 mg/kg; i.p.), Wistar male rats were tested by the thermal and chemical-induced pain models. Diabetic rats exhibited significant hyperalgesia, and these rats were left untreated for the first four weeks. Thereafter, treatment was initiated and continued up to week-8. All the rats except the vehicle-treated group received insulin 5 IU/kg/day to maintain plasma glucose levels. Treatment with nerunjil (100 and 300 mg/kg; p.o.) for 4 weeks significantly attenuated the nociception in behavioural models. Nerunjil also inhibited the tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 beta levels. The effect of nerunjil (300 mg/kg) is comparable to the standard drug Pregabalin (100 mg/kg). Nerunjil increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and decreased the lipid peroxide levels in dose-dependent manner. Insulin alone-treated rats failed to attenuate hyperalgesic response. In comparison to insulin alone-treated rats, nerunjil exhibited significant increase in the pain threshold response. It could be concluded that in controlled diabetic states, nerunjil attenuated the neuropathic pain through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine release.
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Arrau S, Delporte C, Cartagena C, Rodríguez-Díaz M, González P, Silva X, Cassels BK, Miranda HF. Antinociceptive activity of Quillaja saponaria Mol. saponin extract, quillaic acid and derivatives in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:164-167. [PMID: 20951193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Quillaja saponaria bark contains a high percentage of triterpene saponins and has been used for centuries as a cleansing and analgesic agent in Chilean folk medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The topical and systemic analgesic effects of a commercial partially purified saponin extract, 3β,16α-dihydroxy-23-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (quillaic acid), methyl 3β,16α-dihydroxy-23-oxoolean-12-en-28-oate and methyl 4-nor-3,16-dioxoolean-12-en-28-oate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were assessed in mice using the topical tail-flick and i.p. hot-plate tests, respectively. RESULTS All the samples showed activity in both analgesic tests in a dose-dependent manner. The most active against tail flick test was commercial partially purified saponin extract (EC50 27.9 mg%, w/v) and more than the ibuprofen sodium. On hot-plate test, methyl 4-nor-3, 16-dioxoolean-12-en-28-oate was the most active (ED50 12.2 mg/kg) and more than the ibuprofen sodium. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrated that Quillaja saponaria saponins, quillaic acid, its methyl ester, and one of the oxidized derivatives of the latter, elicit dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in two murine thermal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Arrau
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Heidari MR, Foroumadi A, Amirabadi A, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Azimzadeh BS, Eskandarizadeh A. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of a novel rigid 3, 4-dihydroxy chalcone in mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1171:399-406. [PMID: 19723082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There have been many reports indicating the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 3,4-dihydroxychalcones. We have designed and synthesized a rigid 3,4-dihydroxychalcone (RDHC) as a possible drug effecting inflammation and nociception. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by formalin and hot-plate tests, respectively. The results showed that RDHC induced significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects (P < 0.01). Maximum analgesia (63.7%) was observed at 37.5 mg/kg in the first phase of the formalin test. The effect of RDHC was higher in the chronic phase (inflammation phase) of the formalin test (86.4%, P < 0.01). In addition, a significant analgesia (maximum possible effect; MPE = 30.1%) was observed in the hot plate test 45 min after injection of 37.5 mg/kg RDHC (P < 0.01). As a result of our findings, this new RDHC could be suggested for further pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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