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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Chomiciute G, Tracey H, Mora I, Cortés-Espinar AJ, Ávila-Román J, Abasolo N, Palacios-Jordan H, Foguet-Romero E, Suñol D, Galofré M, Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Baselga-Escudero L, del Bas JM, Mulero M. Exploring Metabolic and Gut Microbiome Responses to Paraquat Administration in Male Wistar Rats: Implications for Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:67. [PMID: 38247491 PMCID: PMC10812659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the metabolic and gut microbiome responses to paraquat (PQ) in male Wistar rats, focusing on oxidative stress effects. Rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of PQ at 15 and 30 mg/kg, and various oxidative stress parameters (i.e., MDA, SOD, ROS, 8-isoprostanes) were assessed after three days. To explore the omic profile, GC-qTOF and UHPLC-qTOF were performed to assess the plasma metabolome; 1H-NMR was used to assess the urine metabolome; and shotgun metagenomics sequencing was performed to study the gut microbiome. Our results revealed reductions in body weight and tissue changes, particularly in the liver, were observed, suggesting a systemic effect of PQ. Elevated lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species levels in the liver and plasma indicated the induction of oxidative stress. Metabolic profiling revealed changes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, accumulation of ketone body, and altered levels of key metabolites, such as 3-hydroxybutyric acid and serine, suggesting intricate links between energy metabolism and redox reactions. Plasma metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, nicotinamide metabolism, and tryptophan degradation. The gut microbiome showed shifts, with higher PQ doses influencing microbial populations (e.g., Escherichia coli and Akkermansia muciniphila) and metagenomic functions (pyruvate metabolism, fermentation, nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis). Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the complex interplay between PQ exposure, metabolic responses, and gut microbiome dynamics. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind oxidative stress-induced metabolic alterations and underscore the connections between xenobiotic exposure, gut microbiota, and host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (G.C.); (H.T.); (J.M.A.-H.); (L.B.-E.)
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d’Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gertruda Chomiciute
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (G.C.); (H.T.); (J.M.A.-H.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Harry Tracey
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (G.C.); (H.T.); (J.M.A.-H.); (L.B.-E.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Antonio J. Cortés-Espinar
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Molecular and Applied Pharmacology Group (FARMOLAP), Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Nerea Abasolo
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - Hector Palacios-Jordan
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - David Suñol
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Digital Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Mar Galofré
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Digital Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Juan María Alcaide-Hidalgo
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (G.C.); (H.T.); (J.M.A.-H.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (G.C.); (H.T.); (J.M.A.-H.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Josep M. del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Àrea Biotecnologia, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Karwowski BT. Vitamin K Contribution to DNA Damage—Advantage or Disadvantage? A Human Health Response. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204219. [PMID: 36296903 PMCID: PMC9611527 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is the common name for a group of compounds recognized as essential for blood clotting. The group comprises phylloquinone (K1)—a 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; menaquinone (K2, MK)—a group of compounds with an unsaturated side chain in position 3 of a different number of isoprene units and a 1,4-naphthoquinone group and menadione (K3, MD)—a group of synthetic, water-soluble compounds 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin K has various benefits that go beyond blood coagulation processes. A dietary intake of K1 is inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, K2 has the potential to induce a differentiation in leukemia cells or apoptosis of various types of cancer cells, and K3 has a documented anti-cancer effect. A healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables ensures an optimal supply of K1 and K2, though consumers often prefer supplements. Interestingly, the synthetic form of vitamin K—menadione—appears in the cell during the metabolism of phylloquinone and is a precursor of MK-4, a form of vitamin K2 inaccessible in food. With this in mind, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of vitamin K as a micronutrient, which not only has a beneficial effect on blood clotting and the skeleton, but also reduces the risk of cancer and other pro-inflammatory diseases. A proper diet should be a basic and common preventive procedure, resulting in a healthier society and reduced burden on healthcare systems.
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Kelly RS, Stewart ID, Bayne H, Kachroo P, Spiro A, Vokonas P, Sparrow D, Weiss ST, Knihtilä HM, Litonjua AA, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Lasky-Su JA. Metabolomic differences in lung function metrics: evidence from two cohorts. Thorax 2022; 77:919-928. [PMID: 34650005 PMCID: PMC9008068 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The biochemical mechanisms underlying lung function are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To identify and validate the plasma metabolome of lung function using two independent adult cohorts: discovery-the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk, n=10 460) and validation-the VA Normative Aging Study (NAS) metabolomic cohort (n=437). METHODS We ran linear regression models for 693 metabolites to identify associations with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), in EPIC-Norfolk then validated significant findings in NAS. Significance in EPIC-Norfolk was denoted using an effective number of tests threshold of 95%; a metabolite was considered validated in NAS if the direction of effect was consistent and p<0.05. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of 156 metabolites that associated with FEV1 in EPIC-Norfolk after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, height, smoking and asthma status, 34 (21.8%) validated in NAS, including several metabolites involved in oxidative stress. When restricting the discovery sample to men only, a similar percentage, 18 of 79 significant metabolites (22.8%) were validated. A smaller number of metabolites were validated for FEV1/FVC, 6 of 65 (9.2%) when including all EPIC-Norfolk as the discovery population, and 2 of 34 (5.9%) when restricting to men. These metabolites were characterised by involvement in respiratory track secretants. Interestingly, no metabolites were validated for both FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSIONS The validation of metabolites associated with respiratory function can help to better understand mechanisms of lung health and may assist the development of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Haley Bayne
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - David Sparrow
- VA Normative Aging Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanna M Knihtilä
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Pla-Pagà L, Pedret A, Valls RM, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Companys J, Martín-Luján F, Moragas A, Canela N, Puiggròs F, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Arola L, Solà R, Mayneris-Perxachs J. Effects of Hesperidin Consumption on the Cardiovascular System in Pre- and Stage 1 Hypertensive Subjects: Targeted and Non-Targeted Metabolomic Approaches (CITRUS Study). Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001175. [PMID: 34272817 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of the present work is to determine new biomarkers of the biological effects of hesperidin in orange juice (OJ) applying a non-targeted metabolomics approach validated by targeted metabolomics analyses of compliance biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma/serum and urine targeted (HPLC-MS/MS) and untargeted (1 H-NMR) metabolomics signatures are explored in a subsample with pre- and stage-1 hypertension subjects of the CITRUS study (N = 159). Volunteers received 500 mL day-1 of control drink, OJ, or hesperidin-enriched OJ (EOJ) for 12-weeks. A 6-h postprandrial study is performed at baseline. Targeted analyses reveals plasma and urine hesperetin 7-O-β-d-glucuronide as the only metabolite differing between OJ and EOJ groups after 12-weeks consumption, and in urine is correlated with a decreased systolic blood pressure level. The non-targeted approach shows that after single dose and 12-weeks consumption of OJ and EOJ change several metabolites related with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, lower blood pressure levels and uremic toxins. CONCLUSIONS Hesperetin 7-O-β-d-glucuronide can be a candidate marker for distinguishing between the consumption of different hesperidin doses at 12-weeks consumption as well as a potential agent mediating blood pressure reduction. Moreover, changes in different endogenous metabolites can explain the mechanisms of action and the biological effects of hesperidin consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - A Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - R M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - L Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - E Llauradó
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - F Martín-Luján
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain.,Primary Care Centre Sant Pere, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Moragas
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain.,Primary Care Centre Jaume I, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - N Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Science, Reus, Spain
| | - F Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - A Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - J M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - L Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - R Solà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - J Mayneris-Perxachs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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Meyer TW, Hostetter TH. Why Is the GFR So High?: Implications for the Treatment of Kidney Failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:980-987. [PMID: 33303581 PMCID: PMC8216625 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.14300920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The high GFR in vertebrates obligates large energy expenditure. Homer Smith's teleologic argument that this high GFR was needed to excrete water as vertebrates evolved in dilute seas is outdated. The GFR is proportional to the metabolic rate among vertebrate species and higher in warm-blooded mammals and birds than in cold-blooded fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The kidney clearance of some solutes is raised above the GFR by tubular secretion, and we presume secretion evolved to eliminate particularly toxic compounds. In this regard, high GFRs may provide a fluid stream into which toxic solutes can be readily secreted. Alternatively, the high GFR may be required to clear solutes that are too large or too varied to be secreted, especially bioactive small proteins and peptides. These considerations have potentially important implications for the understanding and treatment of kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W. Meyer
- Departments of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Thomas H. Hostetter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,University of North Carolina Kidney Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Amaral-Silva LD, Gargaglioni LH, Steiner AA, Oliveira MT, Bícego KC. Regulated hypothermia in response to endotoxin in birds. J Physiol 2021; 599:2969-2986. [PMID: 33823064 DOI: 10.1113/jp281385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The costs associated with immune and thermal responses may exceed the benefits to the host during severe inflammation. In this case, regulated hypothermia instead of fever can occur in rodents as a beneficial strategy to conserve energy for vital functions with consequent tissue protection and hypoxia prevention. We tested the hypothesis that this phenomenon is not exclusive to mammals, but extends to the other endothermic group, birds. A decrease in metabolic rate without any failure in mitochondrial respiration, nor oxygen delivery, is the main evidence supporting the regulated nature of endotoxin-induced hypothermia in chicks. Thermolytic mechanisms such as tachypnea and cutaneous vasodilatation can also be recruited to facilitate body temperature decrease under lipopolysaccharide treatment, especially in the cold. Our findings bring a new perspective for evolutionary medicine studies on energy trade-off in host defence because regulated hypothermia may be a phenomenon spread among vertebrates facing a severe immune challenge. ABSTRACT A switch from fever to regulated hypothermia can occur in mammals under circumstances of reduced physiological fitness (e.g. sepsis) to direct energy to defend vital systems. Birds in which the cost to resist a pathogen is additive to the highest metabolic rate and body temperature (Tb ) among vertebrates may also benefit from regulated hypothermia during systemic inflammation. Here, we show that the decrease in Tb observed during an immune challenge in birds is a regulated hypothermia, and not a result of metabolic failure. We investigated O2 consumption (thermogenesis index), ventilation (respiratory heat loss), skin temperature (sensible heat loss) and muscle mitochondrial respiration (thermogenic tissue) during Tb fall in chicken chicks challenged with endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Chicks injected with LPS were also tested regarding the capacity to raise O2 consumption to meet an increased demand driven by 2,4-dinitrophenol. LPS decreased Tb and the metabolic rate of chicks without affecting muscle uncoupled, coupled and non-coupled mitochondrial respiration. LPS-challenged chicks were indeed capable of increasing metabolic rate in response to 2,4-dinitrophenol, indicating no O2 delivery limitation. Additionally, chicks did not attempt to prevent Tb from falling during hypothermia but, instead, activated cutaneous and respiratory thermolytic mechanisms, providing an additional cooling force. These data provide the first evidence of the regulated nature of the hypothermic response to endotoxin in birds. Therefore, it changes the current understanding of bird's thermoregulation during severe inflammation, indicating that regulated hypothermia is either a convergent trait for endotherms or a conserved response among vertebrates, which adds a new perspective for evolutionary medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara do Amaral-Silva
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane H Gargaglioni
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos T Oliveira
- Department of Technology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Kênia Cardoso Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Quesada-Vázquez S, Mariné-Casadó R, Gil Cardoso K, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Baselga-Escudero L. Detection of Early Disease Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A New Era with the NMR Metabolomics Assessment. Nutrients 2020; 12:E806. [PMID: 32197513 PMCID: PMC7146483 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease developed due to accumulation and chronification of several risk factors associated with disrupted metabolism. The early detection of the biomarkers by NMR spectroscopy could be helpful to prevent multifactorial diseases. The exposure of each risk factor can be detected by traditional molecular markers but the current biomarkers have not been enough precise to detect the primary stages of disease. Thus, there is a need to obtain novel molecular markers of pre-disease stages. A promising source of new molecular markers are metabolomics standing out the research of biomarkers in NMR approaches. An increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study design, making nutrimetabolomics one of the most promising avenues for improving personalized nutrition. This review highlight the major five risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and related diseases including carbohydrate dysfunction, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, it is proposed a profile of metabolites of each risk factor obtained from NMR approaches to target them using personalized nutrition, which will improve the quality of life for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
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O'Brien FJ, Sirich TL, Taussig A, Fung E, Ganesan LL, Plummer NS, Brakeman P, Sutherland SM, Meyer TW. Plasma pseudouridine levels reflect body size in children on hemodialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:305-312. [PMID: 31728748 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dialysis in children as well as adults is prescribed to achieve a target spKt/Vurea, where Vurea is the volume of distribution of urea. Waste solute production may however be more closely correlated with body surface area (BSA) than Vurea which rises in proportion with body weight. Plasma levels of waste solutes may thus be higher in smaller patients when targeting spKt/Vurea since they have higher BSA relative to body weight. This study measured levels of pseudouridine (PU), a novel marker solute whose production is closely proportional to BSA, to test whether prescription of dialysis to a target spKt/Vurea results in higher plasma levels of PU in smaller children. METHODS PU and urea nitrogen (ureaN) were measured in plasma and dialysate at the midweek hemodialysis session in 20 pediatric patients, with BSA ranging from 0.65-1.87m2. Mathematical modeling was employed to estimate solute production rates and average plasma solute levels. RESULTS The dialytic clearance (Kd) of PU was proportional to that of ureaN (average KdPU/KdUreaN 0.69 ± 0.13, r2 0.84, p < 0.001). Production of PU rose in proportion with BSA (r2 0.57, p < 0.001). The pretreatment plasma level of PU was significantly higher in smaller children (r2 0.20, p = 0.051) while the pretreatment level of ureaN did not vary with size. CONCLUSIONS Prescribing dialysis based on urea kinetics may leave uremic solutes at higher levels in small children. Measurement of a solute produced proportional to BSA may provide a better index of dialysis adequacy than measurement of urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammy L Sirich
- Departments of Medicine, VA Palo Alto HCS and Stanford University, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Abigail Taussig
- Departments of Medicine, VA Palo Alto HCS and Stanford University, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Enrica Fung
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine and VA Loma Linda HCS, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Natalie S Plummer
- Departments of Medicine, VA Palo Alto HCS and Stanford University, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Paul Brakeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Timothy W Meyer
- Departments of Medicine, VA Palo Alto HCS and Stanford University, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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9
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Metabolomics Elucidates Dose-Dependent Molecular Beneficial Effects of Hesperidin Supplementation in Rats Fed an Obesogenic Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010079. [PMID: 31963315 PMCID: PMC7023145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global epidemic concern. Polyphenols are proposed as good candidates for its prevention, although their mechanisms are not fully understood. The gut microbiota seems to play a key role in polyphenol beneficial effects. Here, we assessed the effects of the citrus polyphenol hesperidin combining an untargeted metabolomics approach, which has an inherent potential to elucidate the host-microbiome interplay, with extensive anthropometric and biochemical characterizations and integrating metabolomics results with our previous 16S rRNA bacterial sequencing data. The rats were fed either a standard or an obesogenic cafeteria diet (CAF) for 17 weeks. After nine weeks, rats were supplemented with vehicle; low- (H1), or high- (H2) hesperidin doses. CAF animals developed MetS features. Hesperidin supplementation in CAF rats decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-C, and free fatty acids. The highest hesperidin dose also ameliorated blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and decreased markers of arterial stiffness and inflammation. Metabolomics revealed an improvement of the lipidomic profile, decreases in circulating amino acids, and lower excretions of inflammation- and oxidative stress-related metabolites. Bacteroidaceae increases in the CAF-H2 group paralleled higher excretions of microbial-derived metabolites. Overall, our results provide detailed insights into the molecular effects of hesperidin on MetS and suggest that it is a promising prebiotic for the treatment of MetS and related conditions.
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10
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Pan Y, Rong Y, Huang J, Zhu K, Chen J, Yu C, Chen M. Lower cardiovagal tone and baroreflex sensitivity associated with hepatic insulin resistance and promote cardiovascular disorders in Tibetan minipigs induced by a high fat and high cholesterol diet. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:278-288. [PMID: 30686655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A long-term high-fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet leads to hepatic insulin resistance (IR), which is associated with autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases risk increasing. However, whether this occurs in Tibetan minipigs remains unknown. We tested that a long-term HFC diet caused hepatic IR and promote cardiovascular disorders in Tibetan minipigs, and are associated with the reduction of cardiovagal tone and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). METHODS Male Tibetan minipigs were fed either a standard diet or a HFC diet, and were euthanized at 12 weeks. Thereafter, the minipigs were tested for biochemical blood indices, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), BRS, and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-associated gene and protein expression levels, as well as cardiac function. RESULTS HFC-fed minipigs developed IR by increasing body weight, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, glucose intolerance. Increased adipose cell size, hepatic fat deposition, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and NEFA level, down-regulation of IRS1, IRS2, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Glut2 and PGC1ɑ expression concomitant with up-regulation of mTOR, GSK3β, TNF-ɑ, FOXO1, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K expression in the liver tissue, as well as hypertension and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were observed in HFC-fed minipigs. HRV parameters and BRS values were further significantly reduced. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the development of hepatic IR toward cardiovascular disease was associated with low HFnu, RMSSD, BRS and LV -dp/dtmax, high NEFA, high hepatic TG content. CONCLUSION These data suggest that HFC-fed Tibetan minipigs develop hepatic IR and promote cardiovascular disorders, and are associated with lower cardiovagal tone and BRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Pan
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yili Rong
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Junjie Huang
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Keyan Zhu
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Minli Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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11
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Pagano A, de Sousa Araújo S, Macovei A, Dondi D, Lazzaroni S, Balestrazzi A. Metabolic and gene expression hallmarks of seed germination uncovered by sodium butyrate in Medicago truncatula. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:259-269. [PMID: 29756644 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Because high-quality seeds are essential for successful crop production in challenging environments, understanding the molecular bases of seed vigour will lead to advances in seed technology. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, promoting histone hyperacetylation, are used as tools to explore aspects still uncovered of the abiotic stress response in plants. The aim of this work was to investigate novel signatures of seed germination in Medicago truncatula, using the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) as stress agent. NaB-treated and untreated seeds collected at 2 and 8 hr of imbibition and at the radicle protrusion stage underwent molecular phenotyping and nontargeted metabolome profiling. Quantitative enrichment analysis revealed the influence of NaB on seed nucleotide, amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Up-regulation of antioxidant and polyamine biosynthesis genes occurred in response to NaB. DNA damage evidenced in NaB-treated seeds correlated with up-regulation of base-excision repair genes. Changes in N1 -methyladenosine and N1 -methylguanine were associated with up-regulation of MtALKBH1 (alkylation repair homolog) gene. N2 ,N2 -dimethylguanosine and 5-methylcytidine, tRNA modifications involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of DNA damage response, were also accumulated in NaB-treated seeds at the radicle protrusion stage. The observed changes in seed metabolism can provide novel potential metabolic hallmarks of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Lazzaroni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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12
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Ball HC, levari-Shariati S, Cooper LN, Aliani M. Comparative metabolomics of aging in a long-lived bat: Insights into the physiology of extreme longevity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196154. [PMID: 29715267 PMCID: PMC5929510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vespertilionid bats (Mammalia: Order Chiroptera) live 3–10 times longer than other mammals of an equivalent body size. At present, nothing is known of how bat fecal metabolic profiles shift with age in any taxa. This study established the feasibility of using a non-invasive, fecal metabolomics approach to examine age-related differences in the fecal metabolome of young and elderly adult big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) as an initial investigation into using metabolomics for age determination. Samples were collected from captive, known-aged big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) from 1 to over 14 years of age: these two ages represent age groups separated by approximately 75% of the known natural lifespan of this taxon. Results showed 41 metabolites differentiated young (n = 22) and elderly (n = 6) Eptesicus. Significant differences in metabolites between young and elderly bats were associated with tryptophan metabolism and incomplete protein digestion. Results support further exploration of the physiological mechanisms bats employ to achieve exceptional longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope C. Ball
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, The United States of America
- Musculoskeletal Biology Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, The United States of America
| | - Shiva levari-Shariati
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lisa Noelle Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, The United States of America
- Musculoskeletal Biology Group, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, The United States of America
- * E-mail: (LNC); (MA)
| | - Michel Aliani
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Foods and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Duff Roblin Building, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail: (LNC); (MA)
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13
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Fusch G, Mitra S, Topp H, Agarwal A, Yiu SH, Bruhs J, Rochow N, Lange A, Heckmann M, Fusch C. Source and Quality of Enteral Nutrition Influences Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:1288-1294. [PMID: 29603266 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are at risk of oxidative stress from neonatal intensive care interventions. 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), generated by oxygen radical attack on DNA, is a potential marker of oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of quality and source of enteral nutrition (EN) on renal excretion of 8-oxodG in preterm infants. METHODS Spontaneous urine samples were collected on postnatal days 26-31 in 33 preterm infants. Infants were fed either breast milk (BM), formula (FM), or BM/FM mixtures. Daily iron (Fe) supplementation was started day 28 ± 1 postnatally. 8-oxodG was determined by highperformance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC). RESULTS The 8-oxodG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in infants fed FM vs FM/BM (38.7 ± 28.7 vs 16.7 ± 12.2 nmol 8-oxodG/mmol creatinine, P < 0.0001) or BM (11.6 ± 10.4 nmol 8-oxodG/mmol creatinine, P < 0.0001). There was no significant effect of Fe supplementation (P = 0.547). 8-OxodG excretion showed significant interindividual variation but was similar within pairs of twins. CONCLUSION Quality and source of EN seem to influence oxidative stress in preterm infants. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unclear and needs further investigation. It may be speculated that other mechanisms than Fe supplementation contribute to oxidative stress, such as cow's milk protein-mediated up-regulation of the intestinal inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Fusch
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Souvik Mitra
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heinrich Topp
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Hon Yiu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josefin Bruhs
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Niels Rochow
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anja Lange
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Heckmann
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Fusch
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
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14
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Brook MS, Wilkinson DJ, Mitchell WK, Lund JL, Phillips BE, Szewczyk NJ, Kainulainen H, Lensu S, Koch LG, Britton SL, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Atherton PJ. A novel D 2O tracer method to quantify RNA turnover as a biomarker of de novo ribosomal biogenesis, in vitro, in animal models, and in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E681-E689. [PMID: 28811296 PMCID: PMC5814597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00157.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current methods to quantify in vivo RNA dynamics are limited. Here, we developed a novel stable isotope (D2O) methodology to quantify RNA synthesis (i.e., ribosomal biogenesis) in cells, animal models, and humans. First, proliferating C2C12 cells were incubated in D2O-enriched media and myotubes ±50 ng/ml IGF-I. Second, rat quadriceps (untrained, n = 9; 7-wk interval-"like" training, n = 13) were collected after ~3-wk D2O (70 atom %) administration, with body-water enrichment monitored via blood sampling. Finally, 10 (23 ± 1 yr) men consumed 150-ml D2O followed by 50 ml/wk and undertook 6-wk resistance exercise (6 × 8 repetitions, 75% 1-repetition maximum 3/wk) with body-water enrichment monitored by saliva sampling and muscle biopsies (for determination of RNA synthesis) at 0, 3, and 6 wk. Ribose mole percent excess (r-MPE) from purine nucleotides was analyzed via GC-MS/MS. Proliferating C2C12 cell r-MPE exhibited a rise to plateau, whereas IGF-I increased myotube RNA from 76 ± 3 to 123 ± 3 ng/μl and r-MPE by 0.39 ± 0.1% (both P < 0.01). After 3 wk, rat quadriceps r-MPE had increased to 0.25 ± 0.01% (P < 0.01) and was greater with running exercise (0.36 ± 0.02%; P < 0.01). Human muscle r-MPE increased to 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.02% at 3/6 wk, respectively, equating to synthesis rates of ~0.8%/day, increasing with resistance exercise to 1.7 ± 0.3%/day (P < 0.01) and 1.2 ± 0.1%/day (P < 0.05) at 3/6 wk, respectively. Therefore, we have developed and physiologically validated a novel technique to explore ribosomal biogenesis in a multimodal fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Brook
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - D J Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - W K Mitchell
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - J L Lund
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - B E Phillips
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - N J Szewczyk
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - H Kainulainen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; and
| | - S Lensu
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; and
| | - L G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - S L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - P L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - K Smith
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - P J Atherton
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom;
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15
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Troisi J, Pierri L, Landolfi A, Marciano F, Bisogno A, Belmonte F, Palladino C, Guercio Nuzio S, Campiglia P, Vajro P. Urinary Metabolomics in Pediatric Obesity and NAFLD Identifies Metabolic Pathways/Metabolites Related to Dietary Habits and Gut-Liver Axis Perturbations. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050485. [PMID: 28492501 PMCID: PMC5452215 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To get insight into still elusive pathomechanisms of pediatric obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) we explored the interplay among GC-MS studied urinary metabolomic signature, gut liver axis (GLA) abnormalities, and food preferences (Kid-Med). Intestinal permeability (IP), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance were investigated in forty children (mean age 9.8 years) categorized as normal weight (NW) or obese (body mass index <85th or >95th percentile, respectively) ± ultrasonographic bright liver and hypertransaminasemia (NAFLD). SIBO was increased in all obese children (p = 0.0022), IP preferentially in those with NAFLD (p = 0.0002). The partial least-square discriminant analysis of urinary metabolome correctly allocated children based on their obesity, NAFLD, visceral fat, pathological IP and SIBO. Compared to NW, obese children had (1) higher levels of glucose/1-methylhistidine, the latter more markedly in NAFLD patients; and (2) lower levels of xylitol, phenyl acetic acid and hydroquinone, the latter especially in children without NAFLD. The metabolic pathways of BCAA and/or their metabolites correlated with excess of visceral fat centimeters (leucine/oxo-valerate), and more deranged IP and SIBO (valine metabolites). Urinary metabolome analysis contributes to define a metabolic fingerprint of pediatric obesity and related NAFLD, by identifying metabolic pathways/metabolites reflecting typical obesity dietary habits and GLA perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
- Theoreo srl, Via degli Ulivi 3, 84090 Montecorvino Pugliano (SA), Italy.
| | - Luca Pierri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Annamaria Landolfi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Francesca Marciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Antonella Bisogno
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Federica Belmonte
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Carmen Palladino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Salvatore Guercio Nuzio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Pediatric Section, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
- European Laboratory of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), 80100 Naples, Italy.
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16
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Callegari AJ. Does transcription-associated DNA damage limit lifespan? DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 41:1-7. [PMID: 27010736 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small mammals undergo an aging process similar to that of larger mammals, but aging occurs at a dramatically faster rate. This phenomenon is often assumed to be the result of damage caused by reactive oxygen species generated in mitochondria. An alternative explanation for the phenomenon is suggested here. The rate of RNA synthesis is dramatically elevated in small mammals and correlates quantitatively with the rate of aging among different mammalian species. The rate of RNA synthesis is reduced by caloric restriction and inhibition of TOR pathway signaling, two perturbations that increase lifespan in multiple metazoan species. From bacteria to man, the transcription of a gene has been found to increase the rate at which it is damaged, and a number of lines of evidence suggest that DNA damage is sufficient to induce multiple symptoms associated with normal aging. Thus, the correlations frequently found between the rate of RNA synthesis and the rate of aging could potentially reflect an important role for transcription-associated DNA damage in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A John Callegari
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Dessì A, Murgia A, Agostino R, Pattumelli MG, Schirru A, Scano P, Fanos V, Caboni P. Exploring the Role of Different Neonatal Nutrition Regimens during the First Week of Life by Urinary GC-MS Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:265. [PMID: 26907266 PMCID: PMC4783994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics study was applied to examine urine metabolite profiles of different classes of neonates under different nutrition regimens. The study population included 35 neonates, exclusively either breastfed or formula milk fed, in a seven-day timeframe. Urine samples were collected from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), large for gestational age (LGA), and appropriate gestational age (AGA) neonates. At birth, IUGR and LGA neonates showed similarities in their urine metabolite profiles that differed from AGA. When neonates started milk feeding, their metabolite excretion profile was strongly characterized by the different diet regimens. After three days of formula milk nutrition, urine had higher levels of glucose, galactose, glycine and myo-inositol, while up-regulated aconitic acid, aminomalonic acid and adipic acid were found in breast milk fed neonates. At seven days, neonates fed with formula milk shared higher levels of pseudouridine with IUGR and LGA at birth. Breastfed neonates shared up-regulated pyroglutamic acid, citric acid, and homoserine, with AGA at birth. The role of most important metabolites is herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Dessì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Antonio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Rocco Agostino
- Neonatal Intensive Unit and Neonatal Pathology, "S. Giovanni Calibita" Hospital, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Pattumelli
- Neonatal Intensive Unit and Neonatal Pathology, "S. Giovanni Calibita" Hospital, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, 00186 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Schirru
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Paola Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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Indumathy J, Pal GK, Pal P, Ananthanarayanan PH, Parija SC, Balachander J, Dutta TK. Decreased baroreflex sensitivity is linked to sympathovagal imbalance, body fat mass and altered cardiometabolic profile in pre-obesity and obesity. Metabolism 2015; 64:1704-14. [PMID: 26454717 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), the predictor of cardiac morbidities and mortality has been reported in obesity, the mechanisms and metabolic biomarkers influencing BRS have not been studied. We aimed to assess the difference in cardiovascular (CV) risk profile in pre-obesity and obesity, and the contribution of body composition and cardiometabolic factors to CV risks in these two conditions. METHODS Obesity indices, body composition, blood pressure variability and autonomic function test parameters were recorded in 223 subjects divided into controls (n=72), pre-obese (n=77) and obese (n=74) groups. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), atherogenic index (AI), leptin, adiponectin, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were measured. Association and independent contribution of altered cardiometabolic parameters with BRS were performed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS BRS was significantly decreased in pre-obese and obese group compared to controls. Sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) in the form of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic cardiac drives was observed in pre-obesity and obesity. There was significant difference in general markers of obesity (body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio), between pre-obese and obese group, however no such difference was observed in body composition and cardiometabolic parameters between the two groups. AI, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and ratio of basal metabolism to body fat (BM/BF) in pre-obese group, and AI, HOMA-IR, leptin, adiponectin, ratio of basal metabolism to body weight (BM/BW), BM/BF, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in obese group had independent contribution to BRS. Among these metabolic biomarkers, BRS had maximum association with leptin (β=0.532, p=0.000) in the obese group and hs-CRP (β=0.445, p=0.022) in the pre-obese group. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates decreased BRS, an important marker of increased CV risk in pre-obesity and obesity. The intensity of cardiometabolic derangements and CV risk was comparable between pre-obese and obese subjects. BM/BF ratio appears to be a better marker of metabolic activity in pre-obesity and obesity. SVI and increased basal metabolism appear to be the physiological link between metabolic derangements and CV risks in both pre-obesity and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeeswaran Indumathy
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006
| | - Gopal Krushna Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006.
| | - Pravati Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006
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Urinary (1)H-NMR-based metabolic profiling of children with NAFLD undergoing VSL#3 treatment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1118-25. [PMID: 25809828 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in children. Our recent clinical trial demonstrated that dietary and VSL#3-based interventions may improve fatty liver by ultrasound and body mass index (BMI) after 4 months. OBJECTIVES As in this short-term trial, as in others, it is impracticable to monitor response to therapy or treatment by liver biopsy, we aimed to identify a panel of potential non-invasive metabolic biomarkers by a urinary metabolic profiling. METHODS Urine samples from a group of 31 pediatric NAFLD patients, enrolled in a VSL#3 clinical trial, were analyzed by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with analysis of variance-Simultaneous Component Analysis model and multivariate data analyses. Urinary metabolic profiles were interpreted in terms of clinical patient feature, treatment and chronology pattern correlations. RESULTS VSL#3 treatment induced changes in NAFLD urinary metabolic phenotype mainly at level of host amino-acid metabolism (that is, valine, tyrosine, 3-amino-isobutyrate or β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA)), nucleic acid degradation (pseudouridine), creatinine metabolism (methylguanidine) and secondarily at the level of gut microbial amino-acid metabolism (that is, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate from valine degradation). Furthermore, some of these metabolites correlated with clinical primary and secondary trial end points after VSL#3 treatment: tyrosine and the organic acid U4 positively with alanine aminotransferase (R=0.399, P=0.026) and BMI (R=0.36, P=0.045); BAIBA and tyrosine negatively with active glucagon-like-peptide 1 (R=-0.51, P=0.003; R=-0.41, P=0.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS VSL#3 treatment-dependent urinary metabotypes of NAFLD children may be considered as non-invasive effective biomarkers to evaluate the response to treatment.
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Brzęk P, Książek A, Ołdakowski Ł, Konarzewski M. High basal metabolic rate does not elevate oxidative stress during reproduction in laboratory mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:1504-9. [PMID: 24436386 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) has been suggested as a physiological cost of reproduction. However, previous studies reported ambiguous results, with some even showing a reduction of oxidative damage during reproduction. We tested whether the link between reproduction and OS is mediated by basal metabolic rate (BMR), which has been hypothesized to affect both the rate of radical oxygen species production and antioxidative capacity. We studied the effect of reproduction on OS in females of laboratory mice divergently selected for high (H-BMR) and low (L-BMR) BMR, previously shown to differ with respect to parental investment. Non-reproducing L-BMR females showed higher oxidative damage to lipids (quantified as the level of malondialdehyde in internal organ tissues) and DNA (quantified as the level of 8-oxodG in blood serum) than H-BMR females. Reproduction did not affect oxidative damage to lipids in either line; however, it reduced damage to DNA in L-BMR females. Reproduction increased catalase activity in liver (significantly stronger in L-BMR females) and decreased it in kidneys. We conclude that the effect of reproduction on OS depends on the initial variation in BMR and varies between studied internal organs and markers of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Brzęk
- Department of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
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Chorell E, Moritz T, Branth S, Antti H, Svensson MB. Predictive Metabolomics Evaluation of Nutrition-Modulated Metabolic Stress Responses in Human Blood Serum During the Early Recovery Phase of Strenuous Physical Exercise. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2966-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900081q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Stefan Branth
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Michael B. Svensson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
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