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Ren L, Zhang T, Zhang J. Recent advances in dietary androgen receptor inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1446-1500. [PMID: 38279967 DOI: 10.1002/med.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
As a nuclear transcription factor, the androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role not only in normal male sexual differentiation and growth of the prostate, but also in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. Multiple population-based epidemiological studies demonstrated that prostate cancer risk was inversely associated with increased dietary intakes of green tea, soy products, tomato, and so forth. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the structure and function of AR, and further illustrate the structural basis for antagonistic mechanisms of the currently clinically available antiandrogens. Due to the limitations of these antiandrogens, a series of natural AR inhibitors have been identified from edible plants such as fruits and vegetables, as well as folk medicines, health foods, and nutritional supplements. Hence, this review mainly focused on recent experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies about natural AR inhibitors, particularly the association between dietary intake of natural antiandrogens and reduced risk of prostatic diseases. Since natural products offer multiple advantages over synthetic antiandrogens, this review may provide a comprehensive and updated overview of dietary-derived AR inhibitors, as well as their potential for the nutritional intervention against prostatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Zigová M, Michalková R, Mojžiš J. Anticancer Potential of Indole Phytoalexins and Their Analogues. Molecules 2024; 29:2388. [PMID: 38792249 PMCID: PMC11124384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Indole phytoalexins, found in economically significant Cruciferae family plants, are synthesized in response to pathogen attacks or stress, serving as crucial components of plant defense mechanisms against bacterial and fungal infections. Furthermore, recent research indicates that these compounds hold promise for improving human health, particularly in terms of potential anticancer effects that have been observed in various studies. Since our last comprehensive overview in 2016 focusing on the antiproliferative effects of these substances, brassinin and camalexin have been the most extensively studied. This review analyses the multifaceted pharmacological effects of brassinin and camalexin, highlighting their anticancer potential. In this article, we also provide an overview of the antiproliferative activity of new synthetic analogs of indole phytoalexins, which were synthesized and tested at our university with the aim of enhancing efficacy compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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Harakeh S, Akefe IO, Saber SH, alamri T, Al-Raddadi R, Al-Jaouni S, Tashkandi H, Qari M, Moulay M, Aldahlawi A, Abd Elmageed ZY, Mousa S. Nanoformulated 3'-diindolylmethane modulates apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23553. [PMID: 38187226 PMCID: PMC10770460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is well-established that specific herbal plants contain natural active ingredients that have demonstrated anti-cancer potential. Therefore, they are considered highly beneficial as a potential adjuvant, alternative or complementary agent in anti-cancer therapy. However, the low chemical stability and limited bioavailability of 3, 3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a plant-derived compound used in clinical settings, limit its therapeutic applications. To overcome this challenge, researchers have focused on developing innovative approaches to improve DIM's biological activity, such as utilizing nanoformulations. Here, we investigated the potential benefits of coating DIM nanoparticles (DIM-NPs) with PEG/chitosan in the treatment of breast cancer. Our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism underlying the activity of DIM-NPs, highlighting their potential as an effective therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment. Methods DIM-PLGA-PEG/chitosan NPs were synthesised and characterised using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and evaluated the impact of these NPs on two breast cancer cell models. Results DIM-NPs had an average diameter of 102.3 nm and a PDI of 0.182. When treated with DIM-NPs for 48 h, both MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells displayed cytotoxicity at a concentration of 6.25 g/mL compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, in MDA-MB-231 cells, treatment with 2.5 μg/mL of DIM-NPs resulted in a significant decrease in cell migration, propagation, and angiogenesis which was further enhanced at 10 μg/mL. In chicken embryos, treatment with 5 μg/mL of DIM-NPs on day 2 led to a significant reduction in angiogenesis. Furthermore, this treatment induced cell death through a regulatory pathway involving the upregulation of Bax and p53, as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2. These results were supported by in-silico analysis of DIM's binding affinity to key proteins involved in this pathway, namely Bax, Bcl-2, and p53. Conclusion Our findings show that DIM-NPs induces apoptosis, inhibit migration, and reduce angiogenesis in breast cancer. However, further research using a preclinical cancer model may be necessary to determine the pharmacokinetics of DIM-NPs and ensure their safety and efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isaac Oluwatobi Akefe
- Academy for Medical Education, Medical School, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, 4006, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saber H. Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Turki alamri
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Al-Jaouni
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Hematology/ Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Tashkandi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Qari
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Hematology/ Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakariya Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71203, USA
| | - Shaker Mousa
- Vascular Vision Pharmaceuticals Co., Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
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4
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Sun N, Chen J, Wang Y, Hussain I, Lei N, Ma X, Li W, Liu K, Yu H, Zhao K, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Yu X. Development and utility of SSR markers based on Brassica sp. whole-genome in triangle of U. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1259736. [PMID: 38259948 PMCID: PMC10801002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1259736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Simple sequence repeats (SSR), also known as microsatellites, are crucial molecular markers in both animals and plants. Despite extensive previous research on SSRs, the development of microsatellite markers in Brassica crops remains limited and inefficient. Methods Krait software was used to identify microsatellites by genome-wide and marker development based on three recently sequenced basic species of Brassica crops in the triangle of U (Brassica rapa, B. nigra and B. oleracea), as well as three allotetraploids (B. juncea, B. napus and B. carinata) using public databases. Subsequently, the primers and the characteristics of microsatellites for most of them were accordingly designed on each chromosome of each of the six Brassica species, and their physical locations were identified,and the cross-transferability of primers have been carried out. In addition, a B-genome specific SSR marker was screened out. Results A total of 79341, 92089, 125443, 173964, 173604, and 222160 SSR loci have been identified from the whole genome sequences of Brassica crops within the triangle of U crops, B. rapa (AA), B. nigra (BB), B. oleracea (CC), B. napus (AACC), B. juncea (AABB) and B. carinata (BBCC), respectively. Comparing the number distribution of the three allotetraploid SSR loci in the three subgenomes AA, BB and CC, results indicate that the allotetraploid species have significant reduction in the number of SSR loci in the genome compared with their basic diploid counterparts. Moreover, we compared the basic species with their corresponding varieties, and found that the microsatellite characters between the allotetraploids and their corresponding basic species were very similar or almost identical. Subsequently, each of the 40 SSR primers was employed to investigate the polymorphism potential of B. rapa (85.27%), B. nigra (81.33%) and B. oleracea (73.45%), and B. rapa was found to have a higher cross-transfer rate among the basic species in the triangle of U. Meanwhile, a B-genome specific SSR marker, BniSSR23228 possessing the (AAGGA)3 sequence characteristics was obtained, and it located in chromosome B3 with a total length of 97 bp. Discussion In this study, results suggest that the pattern of distribution may be highly conserved during the differentiation of basic Brassica species and their allotetraploid counterparts. Our data indicated that the allotetraploidization process resulted in a significant reduction in SSR loci in the three subgenomes AA, BB and CC. The reasons may be partial gene dominated chromosomal homologous recombination and rearrangement during the evolution of basic diploid species into allotetraploids. This study provides a basis for future genomics and genetic research on the relatedness of Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairan Sun
- Group of Vegetable Breeding, Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jisuan Chen
- Department of Supply Chain, Ningbo Haitong Food Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Group of Vegetable Breeding, Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Lei
- Section of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyan Ma
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Group of Vegetable Breeding, Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongrui Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Group of Vegetable Breeding, Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
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Kim SH, Ochar K, Hwang A, Lee YJ, Kang HJ. Variability of Glucosinolates in Pak Choy ( Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) Germplasm. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:9. [PMID: 38202314 PMCID: PMC10780573 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing phytochemicals generally abundant in cruciferous vegetables such as pak choy. Glucosinolates participate in a range of biological activities essential for promoting a healthy human body. In this study, we aimed to elucidate glucosinolate variability present in pak choy germplasm that are under conservation at the Rural Development Administration Genebank, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. The Acquity Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) analytical system was used in profiling the glucosinolate content in leaf samples of various accessions. We identified a total of 17 glucosinolates in the germplasm. Based on principal compoment analysis performed, three separate groups of the accessions were obtained. Group 1 contained the cultivar cheongsacholong which recorded high content of glucobrassicin (an indole), glucoerucin (aliphatic), gluconasturtiin (aromatic) and glucoberteroin (aliphatic). Group 2 consisted of six accessions, BRA77/72, Lu ling gaogengbai, 9041, Wuyueman, RP-75 and DH-10, predominatly high in aliphatic compounds including glucoiberin, glucocheirolin, and sinigrin. Group 3 comprised the majority of the accessions which were characterized by high content of glucoraphanin, epiprogoitrin, progoitrin, and glucotropaeolin. These results revealed the presence of variability among the pak choy germplasm based on their glucosinolate content, providing an excellent opprtunity for future breeding for improved glucosinolate content in the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea; (K.O.); (A.H.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Kingsley Ochar
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea; (K.O.); (A.H.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso P.O. Box 7, Ghana
| | - Aejin Hwang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea; (K.O.); (A.H.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yoon-Jung Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea; (K.O.); (A.H.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hae Ju Kang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
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Kyriakou S, Potamiti L, Demosthenous N, Amery T, Stewart K, Winyard PG, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. A Naturally Derived Watercress Flower-Based Phenethyl Isothiocyanate-Enriched Extract Induces the Activation of Intrinsic Apoptosis via Subcellular Ultrastructural and Ca 2+ Efflux Alterations in an In Vitro Model of Human Malignant Melanoma. Nutrients 2023; 15:4044. [PMID: 37764828 PMCID: PMC10537737 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to (i) extract isolated fractions of watercress flowers enriched in polyphenols, phenethyl isothiocyanate and glucosinolates and (ii) characterize the anticancer mode of action of non-lethal, sub-lethal and lethal concentrations of the most potent extract fraction in primary (A375) and metastatic (COLO-679) melanoma cells as well as non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the Alamar Blue assay, whereas ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were determined via transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was determined using Mito-MP dye, whereas apoptosis was evaluated through the activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Among all extract fractions, the phenethyl isothiocyanate-enriched one (PhEF) possessed significant cytotoxicity against A375 and COLO-679 cells, while HaCaT cells remained relatively resistant at sub-lethal and lethal concentrations. Additionally, ultrastructural subcellular alterations associated with apoptosis were observed by means of increased mitochondrial area and perimeter, decreased cristae density and a shorter distance of the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, all taking place during "early" time points (2-4 h) of exposure. Moreover, PhEF induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization associated with "late" time points (24 h) of exposure, thereby leading to the activation of intrinsic apoptosis. Finally, the inhibition of cytosolic Ca2+ efflux reduced levels of caspases-9 and -3 activity, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+ efflux in modulating the activation of intrinsic apoptosis. To conclude, our data demonstrate an association of "early" ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum with the "late" induction of intrinsic apoptosis via the modulation of Ca2+ efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Louiza Potamiti
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Nikoletta Demosthenous
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watercress Company, Dorchester DT2 8QY, UK;
| | - Kyle Stewart
- Watercress Research Limited, Exeter EX5 2GE, UK; (K.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Paul G. Winyard
- Watercress Research Limited, Exeter EX5 2GE, UK; (K.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
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Salim R, Nehvi IB, Mir RA, Tyagi A, Ali S, Bhat OM. A review on anti-nutritional factors: unraveling the natural gateways to human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1215873. [PMID: 37720376 PMCID: PMC10501406 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1215873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly facing multiple health challenges from both communicable and non-communicable diseases that significantly affect their health. Additionally, drug resistance or failure has made the situation even worse and poses serious challenges for researchers to develop new drugs. Hence, to address these problems, there is an urgent need to discover and develop timely and long-term-based therapeutic treatments from different sources. One such approach is harnessing the potential of plant secondary metabolites. Plants have been utilized for therapeutic purposes in addition to being used for nutritional benefits. In the last two decades, plant-based drug developments have been one of the effective means of treating human diseases owing to their multiple functions. More recently, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) have emerged as one of the important targets for novel plant-based drug development due to their multifaceted and potential pharmacological properties. However, their anti-nutritional properties have been the major setback for their limited success in the pharmacological sector. In this review, we provide an overview of ANFs and their beneficial roles in preventing human diseases with multiple case studies. We also highlight the recent developments and applications of ANFs in the food industry, agriculture, and pharmaceutics with future perspectives. Furthermore, we evaluate meta-analyses on ANFs from the last 30 years in relation to their function in human health benefits. This review is an endeavor to reevaluate the merit of these natural compounds and explore their potential for both human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Salim
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Shalimar, India
| | | | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Owais M. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
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Natural Sources of Selenium as Functional Food Products for Chemoprevention. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061247. [PMID: 36981172 PMCID: PMC10048267 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, the incidence of which is increasing annually. Interest has recently grown in the anti-cancer effect of functional foods rich in selenium (Se). Although clinical studies are inconclusive and anti-cancer mechanisms of Se are not fully understood, daily doses of 100–200 µg of Se may inhibit genetic damage and the development of cancer in humans. The anti-cancer effects of this trace element are associated with high doses of Se supplements. The beneficial anti-cancer properties of Se and the difficulty in meeting the daily requirements for this micronutrient in some populations make it worth considering the use of functional foods enriched in Se. This review evaluated studies on the anti-cancer activity of the most used functional products rich in Se on the European market.
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Cicio A, Serio R, Zizzo MG. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Brassicaceae-Derived Phytochemicals: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence for a Putative Role in the Prevention and Treatment of IBD. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010031. [PMID: 36615689 PMCID: PMC9824272 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of intestinal disorders, of unknown etiology, characterized by chronic inflammation within the gut. They are gradually becoming critical because of the increasing incidence worldwide and improved diagnosis. Due to the important side effects observed during conventional therapy, natural bioactive components are now under intense investigation for the prevention and treatment of chronic illnesses. The Brassicaceae family comprises vegetables widely consumed all over the world. In recent decades, a growing body of literature has reported that extracts from the Brassicaceae family and their purified constituents have anti-inflammatory properties, which has generated interest from both the scientific community and clinicians. In this review, data from the literature are scrutinized and concisely presented demonstrating that Brassicaceae may have anti-IBD potential. The excellent biological activities of Brassicacea are widely attributable to their ability to regulate the levels of inflammatory and oxidant mediators, as well as their capacity for immunomodulatory regulation, maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and intestinal flora balance. Possible future applications of bioactive-derived compounds from Brassicaceae for promoting intestinal health should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Cicio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, Viale delle Scienze, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Effects of 1-MCP Treatment on Physiology and Storage Quality of Root Mustard at Ambient Temperature. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192978. [PMID: 36230053 PMCID: PMC9562229 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Root mustard is plentiful in vitamins and minerals but shrivels and molds easily. In this study, freshly harvested root mustard was fumigated with various concentrations of 1-Methycyclopropene(1-MCP) (1 µL L−1, 1.5 µL L−1, and 2.0 µL L−1) for 24 h and stored at ambient temperature (17 ± 1 °C) for 35 d. Our data showed that 1-MCP fumigation had a striking preservation effect on maintaining weight loss, fruit firmness, lignin, Vc content, and moisture content, inhibiting respiratory intensity and ethylene release rate, as well as decreasing cell permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and maintaining cell membrane integrity of root mustard. In addition, lipoxygenase (LOX), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were significantly reduced throughout the storage period. In contrast, the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), phenylalanine deaminase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD) remained at high levels. Results showed that 1-MCP treatments were effective in maintaining the quality of root mustard, and the preservation effect of 1.0 μL·L−1 1-MCP was better than other concentrations of 1-MCP. This study could serve as a theoretical reference for root mustard preservation.
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Alhomodi AF, Berhow M, Gibbons WR, Monono E, Karki B. Meal nutritional characteristics and oil profile of sprouted, dehulled, and solvent-extracted canola. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4410-4418. [PMID: 35077584 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canola meal has limited utilization in feed and food applications because of the presence of antinutritional factors and a high fiber content. Thus, the present study used 3-day canola seed sprouting followed by hull removal to improve the nutritional quality of canola as a feed and food ingredient to further enhance and diversify the canola market. RESULTS Seed sprouting and the hull removal process resulted in 63.2% sprouts, 29.3% mix fractions (MF) (hulls, ungerminated seed, and delayed sprouts) and 8.1% mass loss during sprouting. Fresh sprouts and MF were dried, ground and defatted to compare the obtained meals and oils with their counterparts of raw seed. Defatted sprouts (DFSP) resulted in a 46.2% reduction in crude fiber, a 34.3% reduction in acid detergent fiber and a 43.4% reduction in neutral detergent fiber compared to defatted raw seed (DFSE). DFSP provided a 10.1% higher protein content and a 5.9% increase in total amino acid content with higher essential amino acids compared to DFSE. Total carbohydrate was lowered by 5.5%, phytic acid content was lowered by 25.9%, and ash content was lowered by 5.5% in DFSP, whereas total glucosinolate content was higher in DFSP (13.1 μmol g-1 ) than in DFSE (8.8 μmol g-1 ). Sprouts and MF showed an oil content of 38.4% and 9.6%, respectively, compared to raw seed (34.5%). CONCLUSION Sprouting and hull removal of canola seed can potentially provide nutritive meal for food and feed applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad F Alhomodi
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Mark Berhow
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - William R Gibbons
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Ewumbua Monono
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Bishnu Karki
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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12
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Kyriakou S, Tragkola V, Alghol H, Anestopoulos I, Amery T, Stewart K, Winyard PG, Trafalis DT, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of Lipophilic Fractions of Edible and Non-Edible Parts of Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) in a Model of Human Malignant Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:141. [PMID: 35215254 PMCID: PMC8879096 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Watercress is an enriched source of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), among other phytochemicals, with an antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to (i) chemically characterize and (ii) biologically evaluate the profile of the main health-promoting compounds contained in edible (i.e., mixture of leaves and lateral buds) and non-edible (i.e., stems) parts of watercress in an in vitro model of malignant melanoma consisting of human malignant melanoma (A375), non-melanoma (A431) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The extraction of the main constituents of watercress was performed by subjecting the freeze-dried edible and non-edible samples through different extraction protocols, whereas their concentration was obtained utilizing analytical methodologies. In addition, cell viability was evaluated by the Alamar Blue assay, whereas levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis were determined by commercially available kits. The edible watercress sample contained a higher amount of various nutrients and phytochemicals in the hexane fraction compared to the non-edible one, as evidenced by the presence of PEITC, phenolics, flavonoids, pigments, ascorbic acid, etc. The cytotoxicity potential of the edible watercress sample in the hexane fraction was considerably higher than the non-edible one in A375 cells, whereas A431 and HaCaT cells appeared to be either more resistant or minimally affected, respectively. Finally, levels of oxidative stress and apoptotic induction were increased in both watercress samples, but the magnitude of the induction was much higher in the edible than the non-edible watercress samples. Herein, we provide further evidence documenting the potential development of watercress extracts (including watercress waste by-products) as promising anti-cancer agent(s) against malignant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (V.T.); (I.A.)
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Venetia Tragkola
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (V.T.); (I.A.)
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Heba Alghol
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (V.T.); (I.A.)
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watercress Company, Dorchester DT2 8QY, UK;
| | - Kyle Stewart
- Watercress Research Limited, Devon TQ12 4AA, UK; (K.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Paul G. Winyard
- Watercress Research Limited, Devon TQ12 4AA, UK; (K.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (V.T.); (I.A.)
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
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13
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Baloch AA, Raza AM, Rana SSA, Ullah S, Khan S, Zaib-un-Nisa, Zahid H, Malghani GK, Kakar KU. BrCNGC gene family in field mustard: genome-wide identification, characterization, comparative synteny, evolution and expression profiling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24203. [PMID: 34921218 PMCID: PMC8683401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CNGCs are ligand-gated calcium signaling channels, which participate in important biological processes in eukaryotes. However, the CNGC gene family is not well-investigated in Brassica rapa L. (i.e., field mustard) that is economically important and evolutionary model crop. In this study, we systematically identified 29 member genes in BrCNGC gene family, and studied their physico-chemical properties. The BrCNGC family was classified into four major and two sub phylogenetic groups. These genes were randomly localized on nine chromosomes, and dispersed into three sub-genomes of B. rapa L. Both whole-genome triplication and gene duplication (i.e., segmental/tandem) events participated in the expansion of the BrCNGC family. Using in-silico bioinformatics approaches, we determined the gene structures, conserved motif compositions, protein interaction networks, and revealed that most BrCNGCs can be regulated by phosphorylation and microRNAs of diverse functionality. The differential expression patterns of BrCNGC genes in different plant tissues, and in response to different biotic, abiotic and hormonal stress types, suggest their strong role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. Notably, BrCNGC-9, 27, 18 and 11 exhibited highest responses in terms of fold-changes against club-root pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, methyl-jasmonate, and trace elements. These results provide foundation for the selection of candidate BrCNGC genes for future breeding of field mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ali Baloch
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Agha Muhammad Raza
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Shahjahan Shabbir Ahmed Rana
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Saad Ullah
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Zaib-un-Nisa
- grid.411555.10000 0001 2233 7083Department of Botany, GC University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humera Zahid
- grid.413062.2Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Gohram Khan Malghani
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
| | - Kaleem U. Kakar
- grid.440526.10000 0004 0609 3164Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300 Pakistan
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14
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Kaewsit N, Winuprasith T, Trachootham D. Detoxification of heterocyclic aromatic amines from grilled meat using a PEITC-rich vegetable sauce: a randomized crossover controlled trial. Food Funct 2021; 12:10411-10422. [PMID: 34585700 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) including PhIP and MeIQx are potential carcinogens found mainly in well-done meat. Consuming brassica vegetables was shown to promote metabolisms of HAAs due to the action of isothiocyanates. Previous in vivo studies showed that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) was a potent stimulator of phase II detoxification enzymes. Nevertheless, the clinical effect of PEITC-rich vegetables on detoxification of HAAs in grilled meat was unknown. This research aimed to investigate the effect of a PEITC-rich vegetable sauce on the detoxification of HAAs in healthy people consuming grilled meat. A randomized crossover placebo-controlled trial was conducted in twenty-one healthy participants. They were randomly assigned into three groups. The participants consumed a single meal of grilled beef with 100 g of the placebo sauce and 100 g and 50 g of the vegetable sauce. All participants consumed all sauces in an alternating random sequence. After de-conjugation with β-glucuronidase, the HAA metabolites in urine were measured by using LC/MS-MS. Compared to the placebo sauce, consuming grilled beef with 100 g of the vegetable sauce increased the urinary excretion of both PhIP and MeIQx glucuronide metabolites (p-value <0.0001), while consuming 50 g of the sauce significantly increased only MeIQx metabolites (p-value <0.05). The findings of this study suggested that consuming grilled meat with 100 g of the PEITC-rich vegetable sauce could increase the urinary excretion of PhIP and MeIQx glucuronide metabolites. Since meat eaters usually consume a low amount of vegetables, the PEITC-rich vegetable sauce could be an alternative approach to provide detoxification benefits from vegetable-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitipon Kaewsit
- Master of Science Program in Toxicology and Nutrition for Food Safety, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Thunnalin Winuprasith
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Dunyaporn Trachootham
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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15
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Marino M, Martini D, Venturi S, Tucci M, Porrini M, Riso P, Del Bo' C. An Overview of Registered Clinical Trials on Glucosinolates and Human Health: The Current Situation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:730906. [PMID: 34778334 PMCID: PMC8578719 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.730906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest a potential role of glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates on human health. However, evidence from intervention studies, due to heterogeneity in features of study design, duration, participants, food or food components administered, and outcomes analyzed, is still insufficient. The current review aims to provide an overview of the trials on GSLs and GSL-rich foods registered over the last 20 years with the intention to summarize the main topics and results, but also the existing gaps that still need to be covered. Studies were collected by using ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry. A total of 87 registered trials were identified with which most of them were performed by using extracts or pure compounds (n = 60) while few were conducted with GSL-rich foods (n = 27). In detail, sulforaphane was the most investigated compound, while broccoli was the most frequent food tested in the trials. The majority of the studies assessed the health effects of GSLs focusing on outcomes related to cancer and cognitive function, even if the current findings are not univocal. Emerging topics also included the study of GSLs and gut microbiota interaction and impact on skin health. Further attention was also drawn to the bioavailability of GSLs and/or derivatives from foods, extracts, and single compounds by also considering the contribution of the different genetic polymorphisms. In conclusion, although considerable efforts have been made to study GSLs and GSL-rich foods, further studies are necessary to provide evidence-based research and to corroborate the findings obtained. The interindividual response due to genetic polymorphisms should be further investigated in order to explore the contribution to the overall beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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The aroma profile and aroma-active compounds of Brassica oleracea (kale) tea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1205-1211. [PMID: 34603820 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to understand characteristic aroma properties of kale tea made by roasting kale leaves by profiling its aroma composition and screening its aroma-active compounds. Secondary metabolites of glucosinolates such as ally isothiocyanate, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 3-methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate, and 5-methylthiazole were the primary aroma compounds of raw kale but were less abundant in kale tea. Dimethyl trisulfide, cyclohex-2-en-1-ol, benzeneacetaldehyde, and 4-vinylguaiacol were quantitatively major aroma compounds in kale tea. Pyrazines, aldehydes, sulfides, and 4-vinylguaiacol were newly produced only in kale tea. In particular, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine exhibiting the highest flavor dilution factor was the most potent aroma-active compound of kale tea, followed by methional, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, two unknown compounds, dimethyl disulfide, furfural, benzaldehyde, and dimethyl trisulfide. These compounds contributed to roasted, sulfur-like/pungent, and sweet aroma characteristics, which were main aroma properties of kale tea. In addition, (E)-hex-2-enal and (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol contributed to the green and grassy aromas of kale tea.
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17
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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18
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Wu X, Pehrsson PR. Current Knowledge and Challenges on the Development of a Dietary Glucosinolate Database in the United States. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab102. [PMID: 34458665 PMCID: PMC8386921 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of cancer chemopreventive sulfur-containing compounds found primarily in Brassica vegetables. The goals of this study were to summarize the current knowledge and discuss the challenges of developing a dietary GSL database for US foods. A systematic literature search was conducted for the period 1980-2020. Thirty articles were found to meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria; 27 GSLs were reported in 16 different vegetables. GSLs identified and quantified ranged from 3 for winter cress to 16 for cabbage. In general, the experimental designs of these 30 studies did not fully consider the factors related to the data quality. Enormous variations of GSLs are observed between different vegetables and in the same vegetables. In conclusion, the studies on GSLs in commonly consumed vegetables are still limited, and some data may be outdated. Currently available data are not sufficient to develop a valid GSL database in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
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19
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Shakour ZT, Shehab NG, Gomaa AS, Wessjohann LA, Farag MA. Metabolic and biotransformation effects on dietary glucosinolates, their bioavailability, catabolism and biological effects in different organisms. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107784. [PMID: 34102260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolate-producing plants have long been recognized for both their distinctive benefits to human nutrition and their resistance traits against pathogens and herbivores. Despite the accumulation of glucosinolates (GLS) in plants is associated with their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, the defensive and biological activities of GLS are commonly conveyed by their metabolic products. In view of this, metabolism is considered the driving factor upon the interactions of GLS-producing plants with other organisms, also influenced by plant and plant attacking or digesting organism characteristics. Several microbial pathogens and insects have evolved the capacity to detoxify GLS-hydrolysis products or inhibit their formation via different means, highlighting the relevance of their metabolic abilities for the plants' defense system activation and target organism detoxification. Strikingly, some bacteria, fungi and insects can likewise produce their own myrosinase (MYR)-like enzymes in one of the most important adaptation strategies against the GLS-MYR plant defense system. Knowledge of GLS metabolic pathways in herbivores and pathogens can impact plant protection efforts and may be harnessed upon for genetically modified plants that are more resistant to predators. In humans, the interest in the implementation of GLS in diets for the prevention of chronic diseases has grown substantially. However, the efficiency of such approaches is dependent on GLS bioavailability and metabolism, which largely involves the human gut microbiome. Among GLS-hydrolytic products, isothiocyanates (ITC) have shown exceptional properties as chemical plant defense agents against herbivores and pathogens, along with their health-promoting benefits in humans, at least if consumed in reasonable amounts. Deciphering GLS metabolic pathways provides critical information for catalyzing all types of GLS towards the generation of ITCs as the biologically most active metabolites. This review provides an overview on contrasting metabolic pathways in plants, bacteria, fungi, insects and humans towards GLS activation or detoxification. Further, suggestions for the preparation of GLS containing plants with improved health benefits are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab T Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa G Shehab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S Gomaa
- Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
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20
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Kwun MS, Yun J, Lee DG. Indole-3-carbinol induces apoptosis-like death in Escherichia coli on different contribution of respective reactive oxygen species. Life Sci 2021; 275:119361. [PMID: 33774022 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a natural compound derived from brassica vegetables, displaying antibacterial activity. The study aims to elucidate the antibacterial mode of action(s) induced by indole-3-carbionol in Escherichia coli and enhance the understandings on the respective contribution of each reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH-) during the process. MAIN METHODS The antibacterial activity of I3C was assessed through kinetic assay. The generation of ROS was measured by flow cytometer using H2DCFDA dye, while further analysis of respective contribution was done through application of each scavenger: tiron, thiourea and sodium pyruvate. DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed by TUNEL and DAPI staining agent. Finally, Annexin V/PI, FITC-VAD-FMK and DiBAC4(3) was applied for detection of apoptosis-like death. KEY FINDINGS I3C exhibited antibacterial activity in E. coli through accumulation of ROS and DNA damage, eventually leading to apoptosis-like death. Contribution of each ROS displayed respective manner, OH- exerting the most potent influence whereas O2- showed least impact. SIGNIFICANCE Our study is the first to link I3C to the bacterial apoptosis-like death and displays the potential of this agent as a candidate for potential drugs that could help regulating the E. coli, an opportunistic human pathogen. Moreover, the study focused on investigating the individual contribution of each ROS during the process, trying to enhance the understanding regarding ROS and cellular processes followed by oxidative stress in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Kwun
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - JiEun Yun
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Lewis DD, Cropp CD. The Impact of African Ancestry on Prostate Cancer Disparities in the Era of Precision Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1471. [PMID: 33302594 PMCID: PMC7762993 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African ancestry at nearly twice the rate of men of European ancestry despite the advancement of treatment strategies and prevention. In this review, we discuss the underlying causes of these disparities including genetics, environmental/behavioral, and social determinants of health while highlighting the implications and challenges that contribute to the stark underrepresentation of men of African ancestry in clinical trials and genetic research studies. Reducing prostate cancer disparities through the development of personalized medicine approaches based on genetics will require a holistic understanding of the complex interplay of non-genetic factors that disproportionately exacerbate the observed disparity between men of African and European ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyana D. Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Cheryl D. Cropp
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA;
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22
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Kamal OM, Shah SHA, Li Y, Hou X, Li Y. Production of ascorbic acid, total protein, callus and root in vitro of non-heading Chinese cabbage by tissue culture. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6887-6897. [PMID: 32914263 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was the selection of cultivar, suitable medium and explant type for callus, root production, ascorbic acid, total ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic and total protein of non-heading Chinese cabbage in two cultivars 'Caixin' and 'Suzhouqing'. We compared 10 types of MS media supplemented with 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l TDZ; 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/l NAA and 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 and 9.0 mg/l AgNO3 and 5 kinds of explants as embryo, leaf, root, cotyledon and hypocotyl. Maximum frequency of callus fresh weight was recorded with hypocotyl explant, which were cultured on MS + 2.0 mg/l TDZ + 1.0 mg/l NAA + 9.0 mg/l AgNO3 in 'Suzhouqing', optimum callus dry weight was obtained on the same media. The highest result for root fresh and dry weight recorded with 'Caixin' with MS + 3.0 mg/l TDZ + 1.0 mg/l NAA + 9.0 mg/l AgNO3 when we used embryo as explant. The highest ascorbic acid content was found with callus cultured on MS + 1.0 mg/l TDZ + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 5.0 mg/l AgNO3, when used leaf explant in 'Caixin' or root in 'Suzhouqing', and there were no significant difference between them. While the highest value of total AsA content was registered with callus cultured on MS + 2.0 mg/l TDZ + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 5.0 mg/l AgNO3 extracted from cotyledon in 'Caixin'. The highest content of DHA was registered with MS + 2.0 mg/l TDZ + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 5.0 mg/l AgNO3 with cotyledon in 'Caixin'. Also, in 'Caixin' MS + 3.0 mg/l TDZ + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 5.0 mg/l AgNO3 recorded the highest value of total protein content with embryo explant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Kamal
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Horticultural Department, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Horticulture Dept, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Horticultural Department, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Horticultural Department, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Horticultural Department, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,Horticultural Department, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Kołodziejski D, Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Abdin AY, Jacob C, Bartoszek A. Chemical Aspects of Biological Activity of Isothiocyanates and Indoles, the Products of Glucosinolate Decomposition. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1717-1728. [PMID: 31267852 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701151644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cancer chemoprevention employing natural, bioactive compounds may halt or at least slow down the different stages of carcinogenesis. A particularly advantageous effect is attributed to derivatives of sulfur-organic phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates (GLs) synthesized mainly in Brassicaceae plant family. GLs are hydrolysed enzymatically to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles, which exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activity. Highly bioavailable electrophilic ITC are of particular interest, as they can react with nucleophilic groups of important biomolecules to form dithiocarbamates, thiocarbamates and thioureas. These modifications seem responsible for the chemopreventive activity, but also for genotoxicity and mutagenicity. It was documented that ITC can permanently bind to important biomolecules such as glutathione, cytoskeleton proteins, transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2, thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases, proteasome proteins or heat shock proteins. Furthermore, ITC may also affect epigenetic regulation of gene expression, e.g. by inhibition of histone deacetylases. Some other derivatives of glucosinolates, especially indoles, are able to form covalent bonds with nucleobases in DNA, which may result in genotoxicity and mutagenicity. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge about glucosinolates and their degradation products in terms of possible interactions with reactive groups of cellular molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kołodziejski
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdarisk, Poland
| | - Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdarisk, Poland
| | - Ahmad Y Abdin
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdarisk, Poland
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Shin J, Millstine D, Ruddy B, Wallace M, Fields H. Effect of Plant- and Animal-Based Foods on Prostate Cancer Risk. J Osteopath Med 2019; 119:2753613. [PMID: 31633743 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many studies have explored whether plant and animal-based food consumption is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but there is much discordance. OBJECTIVE To perform an updated review of the literature that further investigates the association of plant- and animal-based food consumption with PCa risk. METHODS This review was conducted by using 3 databases and produced a total of 550 references. The search was limited to a publication date range of 2006 to February 2017, English language, and humans. After case reports, comments, letters, editorials, and duplicate references were removed, 297 citations remained for review. Articles that did not investigate the association of dietary patterns or a major component of diet with PCa were excluded. RESULTS Of the 297 references found, 47 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The authors identified 2 very large cohort studies (≥100,000 participants), 6 large cohort studies (≥40,000 participants), 11 medium cohort studies (≥10,000 participants), 10 small cohort studies (<10,000 participants), 13 case-control studies, 4 meta-analyses, and 1 population study investigating diet and PCa risk. Most studies showed that plant-based foods are associated with either decreased or unchanged risk of PCa, whereas animal-based foods, particularly dairy products, are associated with either increased or unchanged risk of PCa. CONCLUSION This review of the literature suggests that consumption of higher amounts of plant-based foods may be associated with decreased PCa risk, and consumption of higher amounts of dairy products may be associated with increased PCa risk.
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25
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Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Kusznierewicz B, Wiczkowski W, Płatosz N, Bartoszek A. Phytochemical composition and biological activities of differently pigmented cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) varieties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5499-5507. [PMID: 31099412 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica plants contain a wide spectrum of bioactive components that are responsible for their health-promoting potential such as vitamins, polyphenols and glucosinolates. This study attempted to relate the composition of bioactive phytochemicals and chosen biological activities (antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-genotoxic, and influence on enzymatic activities) for extracts from differently pigmented cabbage (white and red) and cauliflower (white and purple) varieties. The assumption was that tested varieties of the same plant would exhibit similar chemical composition differing mostly in anthocyanin content and that the latter will be reflected in biological activity. RESULTS Profiles of antioxidants obtained using post-column derivatization with ABTS radical confirmed, that the content and composition of anthocyanins is strongly correlated with the antioxidant capacity of tested plant extracts measured by spectrophotometric methods (ABTS, FC, DPPH, FRAP), and Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) test. The results of determinations of other biological activities showed that opposite to purified bioactive phytochemicals, in the case of actual plant foods, there was no simple relationship between anthocyanin content and chemopreventive potential. CONCLUSION Obtained results suggest that there must be some kind of interaction between different phytochemicals, which decides on the final health promoting activity of edible plants as suggested by for example the food synergy concept. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Płatosz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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26
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Laing BB, Lim AG, Ferguson LR. A Personalised Dietary Approach-A Way Forward to Manage Nutrient Deficiency, Effects of the Western Diet, and Food Intolerances in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071532. [PMID: 31284450 PMCID: PMC6683058 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the personalised dietary approach with respect to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It identifies gene–nutrient interactions associated with the nutritional deficiencies that people with IBD commonly experience, and the role of the Western diet in influencing these. It also discusses food intolerances and how particular genotypes can affect these. It is well established that with respect to food there is no “one size fits all” diet for those with IBD. Gene–nutrient interactions may help explain this variability in response to food that is associated with IBD. Nutrigenomic research, which examines the effects of food and its constituents on gene expression, shows that—like a number of pharmaceutical products—food can have beneficial effects or have adverse (side) effects depending on a person’s genotype. Pharmacogenetic research is identifying gene variants with adverse reactions to drugs, and this is modifying clinical practice and allowing individualised treatment. Nutrigenomic research could enable individualised treatment in persons with IBD and enable more accurate tailoring of food intake, to avoid exacerbating malnutrition and to counter some of the adverse effects of the Western diet. It may also help to establish the dietary pattern that is most protective against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi B Laing
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Palmerston North 4444, New Zealand
| | - Anecita Gigi Lim
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Neuroprotective Role of the Nrf2 Pathway in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage and Its Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6218239. [PMID: 31191800 PMCID: PMC6525854 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6218239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying poor outcome following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) are complex and multifactorial. They include early brain injury, spreading depolarisation, inflammation, oxidative stress, macroscopic cerebral vasospasm, and microcirculatory disturbances. Nrf2 is a global promoter of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response and has potential protective effects against all of these mechanisms. It has been shown to be upregulated after SAH, and Nrf2 knockout animals have poorer functional and behavioural outcomes after SAH. There are many agents known to activate the Nrf2 pathway. Of these, the actions of sulforaphane, curcumin, astaxanthin, lycopene, tert-butylhydroquinone, dimethyl fumarate, melatonin, and erythropoietin have been studied in SAH models. This review details the different mechanisms of injury after SAH including the contribution of haemoglobin (Hb) and its breakdown products. It then summarises the evidence that the Nrf2 pathway is active and protective after SAH and finally examines the evidence supporting Nrf2 upregulation as a therapy after SAH.
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28
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OANCEA SIMONA, MILA LIDIA, KETNEY OTTO. Content of Phenolics, in vitro Antioxidant Activity and Cytoprotective Effects against Induced Haemolysis of Red Cabbage Extracts. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.1/1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Park CH, Kim NS, Park JS, Lee SY, Lee JW, Park SU. Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Accumulation of Glucosinolates and Phenolic Compounds in Sprouting Canola ( Brassica napus L.). Foods 2019; 8:E76. [PMID: 30791403 PMCID: PMC6406741 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated optimal light conditions for enhancement of the growth and accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in the sprouts of canola (Brassica napus L.). We found that the shoot lengths and fresh weights of red light-irradiated sprouts were higher than those of sprouts exposed to white, blue, and blue + red light, whereas root length was not notably different among red, blue, white, and blue + red light treatments. The accumulations of total glucosinolates in plants irradiated with white, blue, and red lights were not significantly different (19.32 ± 0.13, 20.69 ± 0.05, and 20.65 ± 1.70 mg/g dry weight (wt.), respectively). However, sprouts exposed to blue + red light contained the lowest levels of total glucosinolates (17.08 ± 0.28 mg/g dry wt.). The accumulation of total phenolic compounds was the highest in plants irradiated with blue light (3.81 ± 0.08 mg/g dry wt.), 1.33 times higher than the lowest level in plants irradiated with red light (2.87 ± 0.05 mg/g dry wt.). These results demonstrate that red light-emitting diode (LED) light is suitable for sprout growth and that blue LED light is effective in increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates and phenolics in B. napus sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, 61-220 Myeongsasimni, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanamdo 59146, Korea.
| | - Jong-Won Lee
- Department of Horticulture Environment System, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1515, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54874, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mostly indolent natural history and long overall survival associated with a diagnosis of prostate cancer provides a unique opportunity for men to explore diet and lifestyle interventions to alter the trajectory of their disease. As many patients may be appropriate for postponing conventional therapy, the effects of various integrative interventions can be investigated. In addition, treatment of prostate cancer with surgery, radiation, or androgen deprivation therapy, all may produce physical or psychological side effects that could be amenable to complementary therapies. This article serves to review salient information in the published literature. DESIGN A review of published research was conducted. RESULTS A plant-based antioxidant-rich diet with an emphasis on cruciferous vegetables, tomatoes, soy, pomegranate, and marine omega 3 fatty acids while avoiding saturated fats, including dairy products is the best option. Supplementation with vitamin D3, omega 3, and some nutraceutical-based preparations may be advised. It is likely prudent to avoid vitamin E and selenium supplements. Physical activity has been shown to have multiple benefits in men diagnosed with all stages of prostate cancer from strengthening bones, improving body habitus, and enhancing overall wellbeing. Yoga, combining physical activity with a mind-body component, has been shown to have a salutogenic effect in both prostate cancer patients and their caregivers. Traditional Chinese Medicine may be particularly useful in managing side effects of conventional treatments, especially the hot flashes associated with androgen deprivation therapy. Although the long natural history, availability of a useful blood marker of disease progression and prolonged survival are overall positive features, they also combine to allow men to live for a long time with diagnosed cancer, fear of progression, or recurrence and fixation on changes in their prostate-specific antigen level. The resultant stress can be deleterious to general health as well as possibly the natural history of their disease. Mind-body interventions to reduce stress, including mindfulness-based stress reduction and support groups may be useful adjunctive therapies. CONCLUSION Men with prostate cancer may benefit from lifestyle and complementary interventions integrated with their conventional care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald I Abrams
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and UCSF Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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31
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Relationship between conversion rate of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates/indoles and genotoxicity of individual parts of Brassica vegetables. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Palliyaguru DL, Yuan JM, Kensler TW, Fahey JW. Isothiocyanates: Translating the Power of Plants to People. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700965. [PMID: 29468815 PMCID: PMC6226005 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables have been studied extensively in cells and in animals for their disease preventive and therapeutic effects. However, translating their utility to human populations has been both limited and challenging. Herein, clinical trials employing two isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN; 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl) butane) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC; 2-isothiocyanatoethylbenzene) that are isolated principally from broccoli and watercress, respectively, are summarized and discussed. Both of these compounds have been used in small human clinical trials, either within food matrices or as single agents, against a variety of diseases ranging from cancer to autism. Results suggest an opportunity to incorporate them, or more likely preparations derived from their source plants, into larger human disease mitigation efforts. The context for the applications of these compounds and plants in evidence-based food and nutritional policy is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, International Health and Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yu L, Gao B, Li Y, Wang TTY, Luo Y, Wang J, Yu LL. Home food preparation techniques impacted the availability of natural antioxidants and bioactivities in kale and broccoli. Food Funct 2018; 9:585-593. [PMID: 29271435 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of grinding and chopping with/without microwaving on the health-beneficial components, and antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation capacities of commercial kale and broccoli samples. The availability of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolic contents, the scavenging activities against DPPH, oxygen, hydroxyl and ABTS cation radicals, and cell-based antioxidant activities were determined for the antioxidant capacities. The results indicated that chopping released the least nutraceutical components and antioxidant compounds. Microwaving had no effect on the I3C release from kale, but resulted in an elevated (more than 2-fold) release of I3C from broccoli. In addition, the choice of a blender affected the availability of the anti-proliferative compounds from the vegetables, while it had no effect on the availability of their anti-inflammatory compounds. In summary, different food preparation methods could strongly impact the availability of bioactive factors in the selected vegetables. These findings suggest that choosing an appropriate food processing method for each vegetable might be critical to obtain desirable health-beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Dygut J, Piwowar M, Fijałkowska K, Guevara I, Jakubas R, Gonzales G, Popławski K, Strokowska A, Wikariak H, Jurkowski W. Effect of Cabbage Wraps on the Reduction of Post-Traumatic Knee Exudates in Men. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:1113-1119. [PMID: 29782183 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study investigates measurable effects of cabbage leaf wraps on post-traumatic knee injury exudate absorption in men. DESIGN Case-control experiment on the same group of patients (before and after treatment). SETTINGS/LOCATION One academic center and two hospitals. SUBJECTS The study was carried out on a group of patients with different degrees of injury severity in the acute stage of the knee injury who were divided into three groups based on the width of suprapatellar recess gap (3-5 mm in group 1, 6-10 mm in group 2, and 11 mm or more in group 3) as assessed by ultrasonography. INTERVENTIONS Each group of patients was divided into two subgroups, one of which comprised patients whose knees were treated with wraps containing cabbage leaves with ice (cases) and the others comprised patients treated with wraps without cabbage leaves, with cooling dressing only (controls). RESULTS Significant progression in knee fluid uptake was observed in the acute stage of the knee injuries treated with cabbage wraps compared with control groups (p < 0.05). It was shown that the time, type of wraps, and a degree of severity of post-traumatic exudative knee inflammation affect the process of knee recovery (Friedman test for repeated measures p < 0.05). The most significant results were observed within first 24 h after the injury. Further decrease in the width of the recess gap after 5 days was observed. CONCLUSIONS Application of cabbage wraps with ice to the knee in men may promote a reduction of swelling (by accelerating absorption of knee exudates) if applied during the acute stage of the knee injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Dygut
- 1 ARTROMED Medical Center , Przemyśl, Poland .,2 Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University-Medical College , Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Piwowar
- 2 Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University-Medical College , Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Fijałkowska
- 3 Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Provincial Hospital in Przemysl , Przemyśl, Poland
| | - Ibeth Guevara
- 4 Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Gustaw Gonzales
- 5 Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Provincial Hospital in Przemysl , Przemyśl, Poland .,6 Nonpublic Healthcare Facility RehStab , Limanowa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Popławski
- 5 Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Provincial Hospital in Przemysl , Przemyśl, Poland .,6 Nonpublic Healthcare Facility RehStab , Limanowa, Poland
| | - Anna Strokowska
- 7 The Center for Rehabilitation of the Organ Movement , Krzeszowice, Poland
| | - Hanna Wikariak
- 8 Rehabilitation Clinic, 10 Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wiktor Jurkowski
- 9 Earlham Institute , Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Liu X, Li Y, Zhou X, Luo K, Hu L, Liu K, Bai L. Photocatalytic degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy using cerium-doped nano titanium dioxide. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197560. [PMID: 29771967 PMCID: PMC5957421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethoate, a systemic insecticide, has been used extensively in vegetable production. Insecticide residues in treated vegetables, however, pose a potential risk to consumers. Photocatalytic degradation is a new alternative to managing pesticide residues. In this study, the degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy was investigated under the field conditions using cerium-doped nano titanium dioxide (TiO2/Ce) hydrosol as a photocatalyst. The results show that TiO2/Ce hydrosol can accelerate the degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy. Specifically, the application of TiO2/Ce hydrosol significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in the treated Bok choy, which speeds up the degradation of dimethoate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis detected three major degradation products, including omethoate, O,O,S-trimethyl thiophosphorothioate, and 1,2-Bis (acetyl-N-methyl-) methane disulfide. Two potential photodegradation pathways have been proposed based on the intermediate products. To understand the relationship between photodegradation and the molecular structure of target insecticides, we investigated the bond length, Mulliken atomic charge and frontier electron density of dimethoate using ab initio quantum analysis. These results suggest the P = S, P-S and S-C of dimethoate are the initiation sites for the photocatalytic reaction in Bok choy, which is consistent with our empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LB)
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Lifeng Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Kailin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, PR China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LB)
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36
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Katoch A, Suklabaidya S, Chakraborty S, Nayak D, Rasool RU, Sharma D, Mukherjee D, Faheem MM, Kumar A, Sharma PR, Senapati S, Kumar LD, Goswami A. Dual role of Par-4 in abrogation of EMT and switching on Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET) in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1102-1115. [PMID: 29672923 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event that occurs during the invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Here, we conceive a dual mechanism of Par-4-mediated inhibition of EMT and induction of MET in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. First, we demonstrate that 1,1'-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,3'-bis(5-bromoindolyl)-octyl methane (NGD16), an N-glycosylated derivative of medicinally important phytochemical 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) abrogates EMT by inducing pro-apoptotic protein Par-4. Induction of Par-4 (by NGD16 or ectopic overexpression) strongly impedes invasion with inhibition of major mesenchymal markers viz. Vimentin and Twist-1 epithelial marker- E-cadherin. Further, NGD16 triggers MET phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells by augmenting ALK2/Smad4 signaling in a Par-4-dependent manner. Conversely, siRNA-mediated silencing of endogenous Par-4 unveil reversal of MET with diminished E-cadherin expression and invasive phenotypes. Additionally, we demonstrate that intact Smad4 is essential for Par-4-mediated maintenance of E-cadherin level in MET induced cells. Notably, we imply that Par-4 induction regulates E-cadherin levels in the pancreatic cancer cells via modulating Twist-1 promoter activity. Finally, in vivo studies with syngenic mouse metastatic pancreatic cancer model reveal that NGD16 strongly suppresses metastatic burden, ascites formation, and prolongs the overall survival of animals effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Katoch
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sujit Suklabaidya
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz U Rasool
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mir M Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Cancer Biology Division, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Parduman R Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Lekha D Kumar
- Cancer Biology Division, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, La Barbera G, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Laganà A. Chromatographic column evaluation for the untargeted profiling of glucosinolates in cauliflower by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 179:792-802. [PMID: 29310309 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The untargeted profiling is a promising approach for the characterization of secondary metabolites in biological matrices. Thanks to the recent rapid development of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) instrumentations, the number of applications by untargeted approaches for biological samples profiling has widely increased in the recent years. Despite the high potentialities of HRMS, however, a major issue in natural products analysis often arises in the upstream process of compounds separation. A separation technique is necessary to avoid phenomena such as signal suppression, and it is especially needed in the presence of isomeric metabolites, which are otherwise indistinguishable. Glucosinolates (GLSs), a group of secondary metabolites widely distributed among plants, resulted to be associated to the prevention of some serious diseases, such as cancer. This led to the development of several methods for the analysis of GLSs in vegetables tissues. The issue of GLSs chromatographic separation has been widely studied in the past because of the difficulty in the analysis of this highly polar and variable class of compounds. Several alternatives to reversed phase (RP) chromatography, sometimes not compatible with the coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, have been tested for the analysis of intact GLSs. However, the availability of new stationary phases, in the last years, could allow the re-evaluation of RP chromatography for the analysis of intact GLSs. In this work, a thorough evaluation of four RP chromatographic columns for the analysis of GLSs in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) extracts by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic system coupled via electrospray source to a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer is presented. The columns tested were the following: one column Luna Omega polar C18, one column Kinetex Biphenyl, one column Kinetex core-shell XB-C18, two columns Kinetex core-shell XB-C18. After a previous optimization of the extraction method, cauliflower extracts were analyzed testing four different mobile phases onto the four columns for a total of sixteen different chromatographic conditions. The chromatographic systems were evaluated based on the number of detected and tentatively identified GLSs. Luna Polar stationary phase resulted to be the most suitable for the analysis of GLSs compared to Kinetex XB and Kinetex Biphenyl columns stationary phase. However, two in series Kinetex XB columns increased the number of tentatively identified GLSs compared to one Kinetex XB, showing the importance of column length in the analysis of complex mixtures. The data obtained with the best chromatographic system were deeply analyzed by MS/MS investigation for the final identification. Fiflty-one GLSs were tentatively identified, 24 of which have never been identified in cauliflower. Finally the linearity of the analytes response over the analyzed range of concentration was checked, suggesting that the developed method is suitable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of GLSs in phytochemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Bhowmik A, Chakravarti S, Ghosh A, Shaw R, Bhandary S, Bhattacharyya S, Sen PC, Ghosh MK. Anti-SSTR2 peptide based targeted delivery of potent PLGA encapsulated 3,3'-diindolylmethane nanoparticles through blood brain barrier prevents glioma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65339-65358. [PMID: 29029435 PMCID: PMC5630335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapy for Glioblastoma is insufficient because of the presence of blood brain barrier. It limits the transport of essential drugs to the tumor sites. To overcome this limitation we strategized the delivery of an anticancer compound 3,3’-diindolylmethane by encapsulation in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were tagged with a novel peptide against somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), a potential target in glioma. The nanoformulation (27-87nm) had loading and encapsulation efficiency of 7.2% and 70% respectively. It was successfully internalized inside the glioma cells resulting in apoptosis. Furthermore, an in vivo bio-distribution study revealed the selective accumulation of the nanoformulation into rat brain tumor sites by crossing the blood brain barrier. This resulted in abrogation of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway activation in glioma cells. Our novel nanopreparation therefore shows great promise to serve as a template for targeted delivery of other therapeutics in treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Bhowmik
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Sayak Chakravarti
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Aparajita Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rajni Shaw
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Suman Bhandary
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, Kolkata 700054, India
| | | | - Parimal C Sen
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata 700091, India
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39
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Lohiya NK, Balasubramanian K, Ansari AS. Indian folklore medicine in managing men's health and wellness. Andrologia 2017; 48:894-907. [PMID: 27681646 DOI: 10.1111/and.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
India is a home for a large variety of plants with remarkable medicinal and pharmacological value. Traditional medicine in the form of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani has used many of these plants since ancient days for treating and curing various ailments of the body. When it comes to issues related to reproductive health, people still hesitate to discuss and/or accept it openly and hence look for alternate and natural remedies. The various tribal populations distributed across different parts of the country still use these plant extracts in various formulations for maintenance of good health. The medical utilities of several of these plants have been documented; however, there are many more, whose potential is yet to be explored. This review discusses the role of various plants grown in the Indian subcontinent that have been widely used in maintaining various aspects of reproductive health in men such as infertility, aphrodisiac, contraception, libido, sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract cancers as well as in treating chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Lohiya
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
| | - K Balasubramanian
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - A S Ansari
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death around the world. Initially it is recognized as a genetic disease, but now it is known to involve epigenetic abnormalities along with genetic alterations. Epigenetics refers to heritable changes that are not encoded in the DNA sequence itself, but play an important role in the control of gene expression. It includes changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA interference. Although it is heritable, environmental factors such as diet could directly influence epigenetic mechanisms in humans. This article will focus on the role of dietary patterns and phytochemicals that have been demonstrated to influence the epigenome and more precisely histone and non-histone proteins modulation by acetylation that helps to induce apoptosis and phosphorylation inhibition, which counteracts with cells proliferation. Recent developments discussed here enhance our understanding of how dietary intervention could be beneficial in preventing or treating cancer and improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Zam
- a Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Al-Quadmous , Tartous , Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Aziz Khadour
- b Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Al-Quadmous , Tartous , Syrian Arab Republic
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42
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Cruz AB, Pitz HDS, Veber B, Bini LA, Maraschin M, Zeni ALB. Assessment of bioactive metabolites and hypolipidemic effect of polyphenolic-rich red cabbage extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3033-3039. [PMID: 27436527 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and the consumption of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra DC. - Brassicaceae) has been linked with the reduction risk of chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study assesses the bioactive metabolites and hypolipidemic effect of red cabbage on rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity were assessed, while individual phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Acute hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of red cabbage (RC - 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was investigated using a Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg) induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats compared to fenofibrate (65 mg/kg). RESULTS The HPLC analysis of extracts revealed eight phenolic acids, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-coumaric, syringic, caffeic, cinnamic, dicaffeoylquinic and three flavonoids, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin. Furthermore, the aqueous extract showed higher amounts of total phenolics (116.00 mg/g), flavonoids (161.32 μg/g) and, antioxidant activity (87.19%) than the hydromethanolic (89.33 mg/g, 123.34 μg/g and 75.07%), respectively. The RC significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins alterations in hyperlipidemic rats without toxicity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Herein, the RC presented the higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids comparing with the hydromethanolic extract. Additionally, the RC showed as the majority compounds, dicaffeoylquinic and cinnamic acids, and the flavonoids epicatechin and gallocatechin. Furthermore, the RC demonstrated a beneficial effect against hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, demonstrating its potential therapeutic effect on these risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Buss Cruz
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
| | - Heloísa da Silva Pitz
- b Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Itacorubi, Florianópolis , SC , Brazil
| | - Bruno Veber
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
| | - Larissa Alida Bini
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- b Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Itacorubi, Florianópolis , SC , Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Bertarello Zeni
- a Laboratório de Análise de Substâncias Bioativas, Departamento de Ciências Naturais , Universidade Regional de Blumenau , Blumenau , SC , Brazil
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Safe S, Kasiappan R. Natural Products as Mechanism-based Anticancer Agents: Sp Transcription Factors as Targets. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1723-1732. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Ravi Kasiappan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843-4466 USA
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44
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Heat Shock Factor 1 Is a Substrate for p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2403-17. [PMID: 27354066 PMCID: PMC5007788 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00292-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) monitors the structural integrity of the proteome. Phosphorylation at S326 is a hallmark for HSF1 activation, but the identity of the kinase(s) phosphorylating this site has remained elusive. We show here that the dietary agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) inhibits heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), the main negative regulator of HSF1; activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); and increases S326 phosphorylation, trimerization, and nuclear translocation of HSF1, and the transcription of a luciferase reporter, as well as the endogenous prototypic HSF1 target Hsp70. In vitro, all members of the p38 MAPK family rapidly and stoichiometrically catalyze the S326 phosphorylation. The use of stable knockdown cell lines and inhibitors indicated that among the p38 MAPKs, p38γ is the principal isoform responsible for the phosphorylation of HSF1 at S326 in cells. A protease-mass spectrometry approach confirmed S326 phosphorylation and unexpectedly revealed that p38 MAPK also catalyzes the phosphorylation of HSF1 at S303/307, previously known repressive posttranslational modifications. Thus, we have identified p38 MAPKs as highly efficient catalysts for the phosphorylation of HSF1. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the magnitude and persistence of activation of p38 MAPK are important determinants of the extent and duration of the heat shock response.
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Yildiz G, Yurt Kilcar A, Medine EI, Tekin V, Kozgus Guldu O, Biber Muftuler FZ. PLGA encapsulation and radioiodination of indole-3-carbinol: investigation of anticancerogenic effects against MCF7, Caco2 and PC3 cells by in vitro assays. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Active Holistic Surveillance: The Nutritional Aspect of Delayed Intervention in Prostate Cancer. J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:2917065. [PMID: 27274870 PMCID: PMC4871970 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2917065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Active surveillance is an emergent strategy for management of indolent prostate cancer. Our institution's watchful waiting protocol, Active Holistic Surveillance (AHS), implements close monitoring for disease progression along with various chemopreventive agents and attempts to reduce unnecessary biopsies. Our objective is to report on the treatment rates of men on our AHS protocol as well as determine reasons for progression. Materials/Methods. Low risk and low-intermediate risk patients were enrolled in AHS at Winthrop University Hospital between February 2002 and August 2015. Our IRB-approved study analyzed survival rate, discontinuation rates, and definitive treatments for patients in our AHS cohort. Results. 235 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age and follow-up for the cohort were 66 (44-88) years and 42 (3-166) months, respectively. The overall survival for the cohort was 99.6% and the disease specific survival was 100%. A total of 27 (11.5%) patients discontinued AHS. Conclusion. The incorporation of chemopreventive agents in our AHS protocol has allowed patients to prolong definitive treatment for many years. Longer follow-up and additional studies are necessary to further validate the effectiveness of AHS.
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Cho HJ, Lim DY, Kwon GT, Kim JH, Huang Z, Song H, Oh YS, Kang YH, Lee KW, Dong Z, Park JHY. Benzyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Prostate Cancer Development in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) Model, Which Is Associated with the Induction of Cell Cycle G1 Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:264. [PMID: 26907265 PMCID: PMC4783993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a hydrolysis product of glucotropaeolin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and has been shown to have anti-tumor properties. In the present study, we investigated whether BITC inhibits the development of prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Five-week old, male TRAMP mice and their nontransgenic littermates were gavage-fed with 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg of BITC every day for 19 weeks. The weight of the genitourinary tract increased markedly in TRAMP mice and this increase was suppressed significantly by BITC feeding. H and E staining of the dorsolateral lobes of the prostate demonstrated that well-differentiated carcinoma (WDC) was a predominant feature in the TRAMP mice. The number of lobes with WDC was reduced by BITC feeding while that of lobes with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was increased. BITC feeding reduced the number of cells expressing Ki67 (a proliferation marker), cyclin A, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 in the prostatic tissue. In vitro cell culture results revealed that BITC decreased DNA synthesis, as well as CDK2 and CDK4 activity in TRAMP-C2 mouse prostate cancer cells. These results indicate that inhibition of cell cycle progression contributes to the inhibition of prostate cancer development in TRAMP mice treated with BITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
| | - Do Young Lim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
| | - Hyerim Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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48
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Quality of cabbage during long term steaming; phytochemical, texture and colour evaluation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Zhou Y, Yang H, Li Y, Lynch B, Jia X. Broccoli seed extract: Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:442-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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