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Colombi S, Macor LP, Ortiz-Membrado L, Pérez-Amodio S, Jiménez-Piqué E, Engel E, Pérez-Madrigal MM, García-Torres J, Alemán C. Enzymatic Degradation of Polylactic Acid Fibers Supported on a Hydrogel for Sustained Release of Lactate. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3889-3901. [PMID: 37608579 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of exogenous lactate into cardiac tissues is a regenerative strategy that is rapidly gaining attention. In this work, two polymeric platforms were designed to achieve a sustained release of lactate, combining immediate and prolonged release profiles. Both platforms contained electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers and an alginate (Alg) hydrogel. In the first platform, named L/K(x)/Alg-PLA, lactate and proteinase K (x mg of enzyme per 1 g of PLA) were directly loaded into the Alg hydrogel, into which PLA fibers were assembled. In the second platform, L/Alg-K(x)/PLA, fibers were produced by electrospinning a proteinase K:PLA solution and, subsequently, assembled within the lactate-loaded hydrogel. After characterizing the chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties of the systems, as well as their cytotoxicity, the release profiles of the two platforms were determined considering different amounts of proteinase K (x = 5.2, 26, and 52 mg of proteinase K per 1 g of PLA), which is known to exhibit a broad cleavage activity. The profiles obtained using L/Alg-K(x)/PLA platforms with x = 26 and 52 were the closest to the criteria that must be met for cardiac tissue regeneration. Finally, the amount of lactate directly loaded in the Alg hydrogel for immediate release and the amount of protein in the electrospinning solution were adapted to achieve a constant lactate release of around 6 mM per day over 1 or 2 weeks. In the optimized bioplatform, in which 6 mM lactate was loaded in the hydrogel, the amount of fibers was increased by a factor of ×3, the amount of enzyme was adjusted to 40 mg per 1 g of PLA, and a daily lactate release of 5.9 ± 2.7 mM over a period of 11 days was achieved. Accordingly, the engineered device fully satisfied the characteristics and requirements for heart tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Colombi
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena P Macor
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laia Ortiz-Membrado
- CIEFMA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, Campus Diagonal Besos-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emilio Jiménez-Piqué
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- CIEFMA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, Campus Diagonal Besos-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Torres
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya─BarcelonaTech, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Čačić A, Amidžić Klarić D, Keser S, Radiković M, Rukavina Z, Jøraholmen MW, Uzelac L, Kralj M, Škalko-Basnet N, Šegvić Klarić M, Vanić Ž. A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Aerobic Vaginitis: Azithromycin Liposomes-in-Chitosan Hydrogel. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051356. [PMID: 37242598 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible mucoadhesive formulations that enable a sustained drug delivery at the site of action, while exhibiting inherent antimicrobial activity, are of great importance for improved local therapy of vaginal infections. The aim of this research was to prepare and evaluate the potential of the several types of azithromycin (AZM)-liposomes (180-250 nm) incorporated into chitosan hydrogel (AZM-liposomal hydrogels) for the treatment of aerobic vaginitis. AZM-liposomal hydrogels were characterized for in vitro release, and rheological, texture, and mucoadhesive properties under conditions simulating the vaginal site of application. The role of chitosan as a hydrogel-forming polymer with intrinsic antimicrobial properties was explored against several bacterial strains typical for aerobic vaginitis as well as its potential effect on the anti-staphylococcal activity of AZM-liposomes. Chitosan hydrogel prolonged the release of the liposomal drug and exhibited inherent antimicrobial activity. Additionally, it boosted the antibacterial effect of all tested AZM-liposomes. All AZM-liposomal hydrogels were biocompatible with the HeLa cells and demonstrated mechanical properties suitable for vaginal application, thus confirming their potential for enhanced local therapy of aerobic vaginitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Čačić
- Microbiology and Biology Laboratory, PLIVA Croatia Ltd., Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sabina Keser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Radiković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zora Rukavina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - May Wenche Jøraholmen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 5037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, 5037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Vanić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Macor LP, Colombi S, Tamarit JL, Engel E, Pérez-Madrigal MM, García-Torres J, Alemán C. Immediate-sustained lactate release using alginate hydrogel assembled to proteinase K/polymer electrospun fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124117. [PMID: 36948340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a microfibers-hydrogel assembled composite as delivery vehicle able to combine into a single system both burst and prolonged release of lactate. The prolonged release of lactate has been achieved by electrospinning a mixture of polylactic acid and proteinase K (26.0 mg of proteinase K and 0.99 g of PLA dissolved in 6 mL of 2:1 chloroform:acetone in the optimal case), which is a protease that catalyzes the degradation of polylactic acid into lactate. The degradation of microfibers into lactate reflects that proteinase K preserves its enzymatic activity even after the electrospinning process because of the mild operational conditions used. Besides, burst release is obtained from the lactate-loaded alginate hydrogel. The successful assembly between the lactate-loaded hydrogel and the polylactic acid/proteinase K fibers has been favored by applying a low-pressure (0.3 mbar at 300 W) oxygen plasma treatment, which transforms hydrophobic fibers into hydrophilic while the enzymatic activity is still maintained. The composite displays both fast (< 24 h) and sustained (> 10 days) lactate release, and allows the modulation of the release by adjusting either the amount of loaded lactate or the amount of active enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena P Macor
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; IITEMA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal Nro. 3, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Samuele Colombi
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep-Lluis Tamarit
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose García-Torres
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alemán
- IMEM-BRT Group, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; IMEM-BRT Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/ Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
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Vakilzadeh H, Varshosaz J, Dinari M, Mirian M, Hajhashemi V, Shamaeizadeh N, Sadeghi HMM. Smart redox-sensitive micelles based on chitosan for dasatinib delivery in suppressing inflammatory diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:696-712. [PMID: 36529222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dasatinib (DAS) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by retrieving the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages. The aim of this study was the development of redox-responsive micelles with the potential of passive targeting and on-demand drug release for DAS delivery to macrophages. For this purpose, two molecular weights of chitosan (CHIT) were conjugated to DAS at different molar ratios using 3,3'-dithiodipropionic anhydride (DTDPA) as disulfide bond containing linker to synthesize a series of CHIT-S-S-DAS amphiphilic conjugates. Micelles obtained by the sonication method had particle sizes of 129.3-172.2 nm, zeta potentials of +17.5 to +20.9 mV, drug contents of 0.90-7.20 %, CMC values of 35.3-96.6 μg/ml, and exhibited redox-responsive in vitro drug release. Optimized micelles were non-toxic and dramatically more efficient than non-redox responsive micelles in reducing TNF-α and IL-6 and increasing IL-10 secretion from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the redox-responsive micelles were able to reduce the mice paw edema, reduce the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase plasma level of IL-10, considerably more than free DAS and non-redox responsive micelles in carrageenan-induced mice paw edema model of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Vakilzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahal Shamaeizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mir-Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Arany P, Papp I, Zichar M, Regdon G, Béres M, Szalóki M, Kovács R, Fehér P, Ujhelyi Z, Vecsernyés M, Bácskay I. Manufacturing and Examination of Vaginal Drug Delivery System by FDM 3D Printing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1714. [PMID: 34684007 PMCID: PMC8539995 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal drug delivery systems can provide a long-term and constant liberation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient even for months. For our experiment, FDM 3D printing was used to manufacture the vaginal ring samples from thermoplastic polyurethane filament, which enables fast manufacturing of complex, personalized medications. 3D printing can be an excellent alternative instead of industrial manufacturing, which is complicated and time-consuming. In our work, the 3D printed vaginal rings were filled manually with jellified metronidazole or chloramphenicol for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The need for manual filling was certified by the thermogravimetric and heatflow assay results. The manufactured samples were analyzed by an Erweka USP type II Dissolution Apparatus, and the dissolution profile can be distinguished based on the applied jellifying agents and the API's. All samples were considered non-similar based on the pairwise comparison. The biocompatibility properties were determined by prolonged MTT assay on HeLa cells, and the polymer could be considered non-toxic. Based on the microbiological assay on E. coli metronidazole and chitosan containing samples had bactericidal effects while just metronidazole or just chitosan containing samples bacteriostatic effect. None of these samples showed a fungistatic or fungicide effect against C. albicans. Based on our results, we successfully manufactured 3D printed vaginal rings filled with jellified metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Arany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Papp
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marianna Zichar
- Department of Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Mónika Béres
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Renátó Kovács
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
| | - Miklós Vecsernyés
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.A.); (P.F.); (Z.U.); (M.V.)
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Osmałek T, Froelich A, Jadach B, Tatarek A, Gadziński P, Falana A, Gralińska K, Ekert M, Puri V, Wrotyńska-Barczyńska J, Michniak-Kohn B. Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:884. [PMID: 34203714 PMCID: PMC8232205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagina has been considered a potential drug administration route for centuries. Most of the currently marketed and investigated vaginal formulations are composed with the use of natural or synthetic polymers having different functions in the product. The vaginal route is usually investigated as an administration site for topically acting active ingredients; however, the anatomical and physiological features of the vagina make it suitable also for drug systemic absorption. In this review, the most important natural and synthetic polymers used in vaginal products are summarized and described, with special attention paid to the properties important in terms of vaginal application. Moreover, the current knowledge on the commonly applied and innovative dosage forms designed for vaginal administration was presented. The aim of this work was to highlight the most recent research directions and indicate challenges related to vaginal drug administrations. As revealed in the literature overview, intravaginal products still gain enormous scientific attention, and novel polymers and formulations are still explored. However, there are research areas that require more extensive studies in order to provide the safety of novel vaginal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Adam Tatarek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Piotr Gadziński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Aleksandra Falana
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Kinga Gralińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Michał Ekert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Vinam Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Joanna Wrotyńska-Barczyńska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
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Understanding Electrodeposition of Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Structures for Regeneration of Tubular-Shaped Tissues and Organs. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051288. [PMID: 33800345 PMCID: PMC7962832 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tubular-shaped hydrogel structures were obtained in the process of cathodic electrodeposition from a chitosan-hydroxyapatite solution carried out in a cylindrical geometry. The impact of the initial concentration of solution components (i.e., chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and lactic acid) and process parameters (i.e., time and voltage) on the mass and structural properties of deposit was examined. Commercially available chitosan differs in average molecular weight and deacetylation degree; therefore, these parameters were also studied. The application of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry allowed obtaining fundamental information about the type of bonds and interactions created in electrodeposited structures. Biocompatible tubular implants are highly desired in the field of regeneration or replacement of tubular-shaped tissues and organs; therefore, the possibility of obtaining deposits with the desired structural properties is highly anticipated.
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Araujo VHS, de Souza MPC, Carvalho GC, Duarte JL, Chorilli M. Chitosan-based systems aimed at local application for vaginal infections. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117919. [PMID: 33766328 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal administration is a promising route for the local treatment of infectious vaginal diseases since it can bypass the first-pass metabolism, drug interactions, and adverse effects. However, the commercial products currently available for topical vulvovaginal treatment have low acceptability and do not adequately explore this route. Mucoadhesive systems can optimize the efficacy of drugs administered by this route to increase the retention time of the drug in the vaginal environment. Several polymers are used to develop mucoadhesive systems, among them chitosan, a natural polymer that is highly biocompatible and technologically versatile. Thus, the present review aimed to analyze the studies that used chitosan to develop mucoadhesive systems for the treatment of local vaginal infections. These studies demonstrated that chitosan as a component of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (DDS) is a promising device for the treatment of vaginal infectious diseases, due to the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of this biopolymer and because it does not interfere with the effectiveness of the drugs used for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Cirri M, Maestrelli F, Scuota S, Bazzucchi V, Mura P. Development and microbiological evaluation of chitosan and chitosan-alginate microspheres for vaginal administration of metronidazole. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120375. [PMID: 33581271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metronidazole is the drug of choice in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but the oral therapy can induce several collateral effects. Aim of this work was the development of a vaginal multiparticulate system, loaded with metronidazole, able to improve its residence time allowing a complete drug release. Several kinds of MS were prepared using chitosan dissolved in different organic acids or alginate coated with chitosan. FTIR and DSC analyses were performed to study the interactions between the drug and the polymers, while MS morphology was investigated with optical and electron microscopy. All the formulations were characterized in terms of drug entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion, swelling capacity and drug release behavior, demonstrating the best results for alginate MS coated with chitosan. The formulations evidenced a complete and rapid release of drug, compared with the commercial form: Zidoval®.The best formulations assayed for antibacterial activity confirmed the suitability of this new formulation for the vaginal treatment of local diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cirri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - F Maestrelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - S Scuota
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via G. Salvemini 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bazzucchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via G. Salvemini 1, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Mura
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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10
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Mąkiewicz M, Wach RA, Nawrotek K. Investigation of Parameters Influencing Tubular-Shaped Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Layer Electrodeposition. Molecules 2020; 26:E104. [PMID: 33379393 PMCID: PMC7796046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular-shaped layer electrodeposition from chitosan-hydroxyapatite colloidal solutions has found application in the field of regeneration or replacement of cylindrical tissues and organs, especially peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, the quantitative and qualitative characterisation of this phenomenon has not been described. In this work, the colloidal systems are subjected to the action of an electric current initiated at different voltages. Parameters of the electrodeposition process (i.e., total charge exchanged, gas volume, and deposit thickness) are monitored over time. Deposit structures are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The value of voltage influences structural characteristics but not thickness of deposit for the process lasting at least 20 min. The calculated number of exchanged electrons for studied conditions suggests that the mechanism of deposit formation is governed not only by water electrolysis but also interactions between formed hydroxide ions and calcium ions coordinated by chitosan chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Mąkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213 Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław A. Wach
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15 Street, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213 Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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11
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Campos LM, de Oliveira Lemos AS, da Cruz LF, de Freitas Araújo MG, de Mello Botti GCR, Júnior JLR, Rocha VN, Denadai ÂML, da Silva TP, Tavares GD, Scio E, Fabri RL, Pinto PF. Development and in vivo evaluation of chitosan-gel containing Mitracarpus frigidus methanolic extract for vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110609. [PMID: 34321177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized by inflammatory changes in the vaginal mucosa caused by abnormal colonization of Candida species. Traditional topical therapies using reference antifungal drugs usually present several issues and limitations for VVC treatment. Thus, the interest in new vaginal formulations, mainly those based on compounds from natural origin, has been growing over the last years. Methanolic extract from the plant species Mitracarpus frigidus (Willd. Ex Reem Schult.) K. Schum (MFM) has presented potential antifungal activity against C. albicans vaginal infection. Here, we aimed to develop and characterize a gynecological gel formulation based on chitosan containing MFM and to evaluate its anti-C. albicans effectiveness in the treatment of VVC. First, MFM was incorporated into a gel formulation based on chitosan in three final concentrations: 2.5 %, 5.0 %, and 10.0 %. Next, these gel formulations were subjected to stationary and oscillatory rheological tests. Finally, the gel was tested in an experimental VVC model. The rheological tests indicated pseudoplastic fluids, becoming more viscous and elastic with the increase of the extract concentration, indicating intermolecular interactions. Our in vivo analyses demonstrated a great reduction of vulvovaginal fungal burden and infection accompanied with the reduction of mucosal inflammation after MFM chitosan-gel treatment. The present findings open perspectives for the further use of the MFM-chitosan-gel formulation as a therapeutic alternative for VVC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Melo Campos
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory and Protein Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory and Protein Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luisa Ferreira da Cruz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Janildo Ludolf Reis Júnior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Novaes Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Márcio Leite Denadai
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Governor Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Diniz Tavares
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Systems Development, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Elita Scio
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory and Protein Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory and Protein Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Faria Pinto
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory and Protein Structure and Function Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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12
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Zhao J, Li J, Jiang Z, Tong R, Duan X, Bai L, Shi J. Chitosan, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC): The potential immune adjuvants and nano carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Almeida A, Araújo M, Novoa-Carballal R, Andrade F, Gonçalves H, Reis RL, Lúcio M, Schwartz S, Sarmento B. Novel amphiphilic chitosan micelles as carriers for hydrophobic anticancer drugs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Nawrotek K, Tylman M, Adamus-Włodarczyk A, Rudnicka K, Gatkowska J, Wieczorek M, Wach R. Influence of chitosan average molecular weight on degradation and stability of electrodeposited conduits. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116484. [PMID: 32536389 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tubular chitosan-based hydrogels, obtained in an electrodeposition process, are subject of degradation and stability studies. The implants are prepared from polymer with different average molecular weight. This approach allows fabricating structures that vary in mass and wall thickness. The obtained implants are incubated in phosphate buffered solution (pH 7.4) with or without lysozyme up to 56 days at 37 °C. Subsequently, chemical, physical as well as mechanical properties of implants are evaluated. Although the initial physicomechanical properties are different, they change upon incubation and remain similar over its period. Finally, in vitro biocompatibility of implants is proven after assessing their action towards mHippoE-18 embryonic hippocampal cells and THP1-XBlue™ monocytes. Since dimensions of nerves and the gap length differ across the body and injury, respectively, the possibility to control properties of chitosan applied gives a tool to prepare implants with wall thickness adjusted to the specific peripheral nerve injury case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Department of Process Thermodynamics, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213 Street, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Tylman
- Department of Process Thermodynamics, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213 Street, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamus-Włodarczyk
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15 Street, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Wieczorek
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Wach
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15 Street, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
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15
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Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2020. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200804121p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Vinegars are of the main international traditional
nutraceuticals which have been used as vaginal health protectant due to
vagina pH balance maintenance and antimicrobial properties. Since the main
used form of vinegar was liquid, it was difficult for vaginal application
with low residence time; in this study a vaginal mucoadhesive gel of vinegar
was designed. Methods. Xanthan gum (XG) and tragacanth (TG) were utilized as
natural gel forming polymers. The effects of Xanthan gum and tragacanth on
mucoadhesion strength and drug release of the gel formulations were
optimized using a 3 level (32) factorial design. Several physico-chemical
properties of the gel formulations including gel viscosity, spreadability,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel chains, and release
kinetic were also investigated. Results. demonstrated that tragacanth
possesses a statistically significant effect on release rate control
(p-value=0.0027) while both tragacanth and xanthan gum have significant
effect (p value= 0.0001 and 0.0017, respectively) on mucoadhesion property.
Conclusion. Design of experiment suggested that formulation F7 with 5%
xanthan gum and 1% tragacanth (mucoadhesion = 0.4632 N and release rate =
88.8% in 6 hours) can be considered as the optimum formulation with some
modifications.
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16
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Shirsath NR, Goswami AK. Nanocarriers Based Novel Drug Delivery as Effective Drug Delivery: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2405461504666190527101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:A lot of people are facing some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional drug delivery is not able to cure it alone, moreover, some drugs have poor solubility, low half-life and show lesser bioavailability. It is necessary to conduct research on carrier-based nanoparticulate drug delivery, this is an alternative approach to alter/eliminate the problem of conventional dosing for better effectiveness, patient compliance, and effective drug targeting.Objective:To develop a carrier-based nanoparticulate drug delivery system for the elimination of problems associated with conventional dosage form.Method:In this review, different problems associated with conventional dosage form as well as potential advantages of the nanoparticulate delivery systems have been discussed. We also discussed their different route for administration such as oral, intranasal, ocular, transdermal, vaginal etc. for effective drug targeting. It has been found that different nanocarriers based drug delivery have been able to enhance the bioavailability, solubility, minimized adverse effect as well as effective in Gene delivery also. Ionic gelation, Solvent evaporation, emulsification, homogenization, lyophilisation, etc. are techniques used for their development.Conclusion:The carrier-based drug delivery technique act as an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of various diseases/disorders as well as provides better efficiency, bioavailability and improve patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin R. Shirsath
- University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University (KBCNMU), Jalgaon, Maharashtra- 425001, India
| | - Ajaygiri K. Goswami
- University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University (KBCNMU), Jalgaon, Maharashtra- 425001, India
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17
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Localized Therapy of Vaginal Infections and Inflammation: Liposomes-In-Hydrogel Delivery System for Polyphenols. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020053. [PMID: 30691199 PMCID: PMC6410284 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol (RES) or epicatechin (EPI), are attractive for treatments of various diseases, including vaginal infections and inflammation, because of their strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their low solubility and consequent poor bioavailability limit their therapeutic uses. To overcome these limitations, a vaginal delivery system comprising either RES or EPI liposomes-in-hydrogel was developed. This system permits therapeutic action of both liposomal polyphenol (RES or EPI) and chitosan-based hydrogel. Liposomes of around 200 nm and entrapment efficiency of 81% and 77% for RES and EPI, respectively, were incorporated into chitosan hydrogel, respectively. Medium molecular weight chitosan (2.5%, w/w) was found to have optimal texture properties and mucoadhesiveness in ex vivo conditions. The in vitro release studies confirmed the sustained release of polyphenols from the system. Both liposomal polyphenols and polyphenols-in-liposomes-in-hydrogel exhibited only minor effects on cell toxicity. EPI showed superior radical scavenging activity at lower concentrations compared to antioxidants vitamin C and E. Anti-inflammatory activity expressed as the inhibitory activity of formulations on the NO production in the LPS-induced macrophages (RAW 264.7) confirmed the superiority of EPI liposomes-in-hydrogel. The plain liposomes-in-hydrogel also exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting that chitosan hydrogel acts in synergy regarding anti-inflammatory effect of formulation.
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18
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Maestrelli F, Jug M, Cirri M, Kosalec I, Mura P. Characterization and microbiological evaluation of chitosan-alginate microspheres for cefixime vaginal administration. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Perinelli DR, Campana R, Skouras A, Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Mastrotto F, Baffone W, Casettari L. Chitosan Loaded into a Hydrogel Delivery System as a Strategy to Treat Vaginal Co-Infection. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010023. [PMID: 29401648 PMCID: PMC5874836 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels are common dosage forms designed for the topical administration of antimicrobial drugs to treat vaginal infections. One of the major advantages of using chitosan in these formulations is related to the intrinsic and broad antimicrobial activity exerted on bacteria and fungi by this natural polymer. Most vaginal yeast infections are caused by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. However, despite the anti-Candida activity towards and strains susceptibility to low molecular weight chitosan being documented, no information is available regarding the antimicrobial efficacy of mixed hydrogels in which chitosan is dispersed in a polymeric matrix. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-Candida activity against eight different albicans and non-albicans strains of a mixed hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/chitosan hydrogel. Importantly, chitosan was dispersed in HPMC matrix either assembled in nanoparticles or in a monomolecular state to eventually correlate any variation in terms of rheological and mucoadhesive properties, as well as anti-Candida activity, with the chitosan form. Hydrogels containing 1% w/w chitosan, either as free polymer chain or assembled in nanoparticles, showed an improved mucoadhesiveness and an anti-Candida effect against all tested albicans and non-albicans strains. Overall, the results demonstrate the feasibility of preparing HPMC/CS mixed hydrogels intended for the prevention and treatment of Candida infections after vaginal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Athanasios Skouras
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo n° 5, 35131 Padova (PD), Italy.
| | - Wally Baffone
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Piazza del Rinascimento n° 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
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20
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Polymeric gels for intravaginal drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 270:145-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Machado RM, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. Vaginal semisolid products: Technological performance considering physiologic parameters. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:556-568. [PMID: 28887234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal semisolid products are frequently used to treat vaginal infections and atrophy-related symptoms of menopause. Formulations composition and the methods for their characterization, especially those developed concerning the target epithelia, are key tools to predict in vivo results at early stages of product development. However, recent studies on this subject have been almost exclusively focused on anti-HIV preparations. The aim of this work consists on improving traditional characterization methods by using physiological parameters in order to construct predictive tools to characterize a new ideal vaginal semisolid formulation whatever target it may have. Ten vaginal antimicrobial and hormonal products already available in the market were studied (Gino-Canesten®, Sertopic®, Dermofix®, Gyno-pevaryl®, Lomexin®, Gino Travogen®, Dalacin V®, Ovestin®, Blissel®, Colpotrophine®). Furthermore, Universal Placebo gel and Replens® were used for comparison. Products were characterized in terms of: pH and buffering capacity in a vaginal fluid simulant (VFS); osmolality - directly and upon dilution in VFS; textural parameters (firmness, adhesiveness and bioadhesion) using vaginal ex vivo porcine epithelium; and viscosity (including VFS dilution at 37°C and after administration on an ex vivo model). Interestingly, the majority of the tested commercial vaginal formulations did not present technological characteristics close to the ideal ones when tested under target biological conditions. The inclusion of such methodologic adaptations is expected to optimize cost-efficiency of new formulations development by predicting efficacy and safety profiles at early stages of product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Monteiro Machado
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Labfit, HPRD - Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Labfit, HPRD - Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Child and Woman's Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Quinta do Alvito, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS, UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Labfit, HPRD - Health Products Research and Development, Lda, Edifício UBIMEDICAL, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal; Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Quinta do Alvito, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal.
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22
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Partenhauser A, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Mucoadhesive polymers in the treatment of dry X syndrome. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1051-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Caramella CM, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC, Sandri G. Mucoadhesive and thermogelling systems for vaginal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:39-52. [PMID: 25683694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on two formulation approaches, mucoadhesion and thermogelling, intended for prolonging residence time on vaginal mucosa of medical devices or drug delivery systems, thus improving their efficacy. The review, after a brief description of the vaginal environment and, in particular, of the vaginal secretions that strongly affect in vivo performance of vaginal formulations, deals with the above delivery systems. As for mucoadhesive systems, conventional formulations (gels, tablets, suppositories and emulsions) and novel drug delivery systems (micro-, nano-particles) intended for vaginal administration to achieve either local or systemic effect are reviewed. As for thermogelling systems, poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide) copolymer-based and chitosan-based formulations are discussed as thermogelling systems. The methods employed for functional characterization of both mucoadhesive and thermogelling drug delivery systems are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Caramella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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24
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Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J. New strategies for local treatment of vaginal infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:105-22. [PMID: 26144995 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal infections are extremely prevalent, particularly among women of reproductive age. Although they do not result in high mortality rates, these infections are associated with high levels of anxiety and reduction of quality of life. In most cases, topical treatment of vaginal infections has been shown to be at least as effective as oral treatment, resulting in higher local drug concentrations, with fewer drug interactions and adverse effects. Furthermore, the emergence of microbial resistance to chemotherapeutics and the difficulties in managing infection recurrences sustain the need for more effective local treatments. However, conventional dosage forms have been associated with low retention in the vagina and discomfort. Formulation strategies such as the development of bioadhesive, thermogelling systems and microtechnological or nanotechnological approaches have been proposed to improve delivery of traditional drugs, and other treatment modalities such as new drugs, plant extracts, and probiotics are being studied. This article reviews the recent strategies studied to improve the treatment and prevention of the commonest vaginal infections-namely, vaginal bacteriosis, aerobic vaginitis, vulvovaginal candidosis, and trichomoniasis-through the intravaginal route.
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Antimisiaris SG, Mourtas S. Recent advances on anti-HIV vaginal delivery systems development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:123-45. [PMID: 25858666 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A review of the recent outcomes regarding technologies to prevent vaginal transmission of HIV, mainly by using antiretroviral (ARV) drugs formulated as microbicides. An introduction about the HIV transmission mechanisms by the vaginal route is included, together with the recent challenges faced for development of successful microbicide products. The outcomes of clinical evaluations are mentioned, and the different formulation strategies studied to-date, with the requirements, advantages, disadvantages and limitations of each dosage-form type, are presented. Finally, the recent attempts to apply various types of nanotechnologies in order to develop advanced microbicide-products and overcome existing limitations, are discussed.
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Steinbach JM. Protein and oligonucleotide delivery systems for vaginal microbicides against viral STIs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:469-503. [PMID: 25323132 PMCID: PMC11113570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intravaginal delivery offers an effective option for localized, targeted, and potent microbicide delivery. However, an understanding of the physiological factors that impact intravaginal delivery must be considered to develop the next generation of microbicides. In this review, a comprehensive discussion of the opportunities and challenges of intravaginal delivery are highlighted, in the context of the intravaginal environment and currently utilized dosage forms. After a subsequent discussion of the stages of microbicide development, the intravaginal delivery of proteins and oligonucleotides is addressed, with specific application to HSV and HIV. Future directions may include the integration of more targeted delivery modalities to virus and host cells, in addition to the use of biological agents to affect specific genes and proteins involved in infection. More versatile and multipurpose solutions are envisioned that integrate new biologicals and materials into potentially synergistic combinations to achieve these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Steinbach
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St., CTRB, Room 623, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Starýchová L, Žabka M, Špaglová M, Čuchorová M, Vitková M, Čierna M, Bartoníková K, Gardavská K. In vitro liberation of indomethacin from chitosan gels containing microemulsion in different dissolution mediums. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3977-3984. [PMID: 25318853 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to outline the liberation of indomethacin from different chitosan gels containing O/W microemulsion. The influence of surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate, in two concentrations (0.5% and 0.75%, w/w) was determined in dissolution medium on the release of indomethacin, which was used as poor water-soluble model drug. Chitosan gels were prepared in four different concentrations of chitosan-1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3% (w/w). Microemulsion enhanced the liberation of the indomethacin from chitosan gels into all dissolution mediums. Adding the surfactant into phosphate-buffered saline decreased the amount of liberated indomethacin from microemulsion, gel mixture, but increased the drug liberation from pure chitosan gels. It was detected that with the increased concentration of chitosan in the samples, the amount of indomethacin liberated (p < 0.05) also increased. A conclusion was drawn that the liberation of indomethacin from chitosan gels was influenced by increased pH of the samples. The high viscosity induced a higher release of indomethacin from 3% (w/w) chitosan hydrogel at pH 5.8 as compared with 3% (w/w) chitosan hydrogel at pH 3.8. The highest percentage of released indomethacin was determined when a mixture of microemulsion gel with higher chitosan content was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Starýchová
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia.
| | - Marián Žabka
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Špaglová
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia
| | - Mária Čuchorová
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia
| | - Mária Vitková
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia
| | - Martina Čierna
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia
| | - Kamila Bartoníková
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia
| | - Klára Gardavská
- Department of Galenic PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyComenius University in BratislavaBratislava832 32Slovakia
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Cunha AR, Machado RM, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, das Neves J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. Characterization of commercially available vaginal lubricants: a safety perspective. Pharmaceutics 2014; 6:530-42. [PMID: 25247884 PMCID: PMC4190534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal lubricants are widely used by women to help solve intercourse difficulties or as enhancers, but recent reports raise questions about their safety. Twelve commercially available gel products were tested for pH value, pH buffering capacity, osmolality and cytotoxicity relevant to vaginal delivery. Obtained data were analyzed in light of the recent Advisory Note by the World Health Organization (WHO) for personal lubricants to be concomitantly used with condoms. Results showed that most products do not comply with pH and osmolality recommended standards, thus posing a potential hazard. Four products presented values of osmolality around three-times higher than the maximum acceptable limit of 1200 mOsm/kg. In vitro cell testing further identified substantial cytotoxicity even at 1:100 dilutions for three products, contrasting with no significant effect of up to at least a 1:5 dilution of a Universal Placebo gel. However, no direct correlation between these last results and pH or osmolality was found, thus suggesting that the individual toxicity of specific formulation components plays an important role in the outcome of a particular product. Although further assessment is required, these results highlight potential safety issues related to the formulation of commercially available vaginal lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Cunha
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.R.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.)
| | - Rita M. Machado
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.R.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.)
- Labfit–Health Products Research and Development (HPRD), Lda, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.R.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.)
- Labfit–Health Products Research and Development (HPRD), Lda, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.R.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.)
- Child and Women Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; E-Mails: (A.R.C.); (R.M.M.); (A.P.-d.-O.); (J.M.-d.-O.)
- Labfit–Health Products Research and Development (HPRD), Lda, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
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Burgalassi S, Monti D, Tampucci S, Chetoni P. In vitroevaluation of some parameters involved in mucoadhesion of aqueous polymeric dispersions. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:927-934. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.943406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ionic polymeric micelles based on chitosan and fatty acids and intended for wound healing. Comparison of linoleic and oleic acid. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rossi S, Bonferoni M, D’Autilia F, Sandri G, Ferrari F, Caramella C, Mortara E, Giannini V, Gasparri F. Associations of natural polymers to modulate mucoadhesion of vaginal rinse-off and leave-on formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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de-Oliveira AP, de-Oliveira RP, Gaspar C, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, de-Oliveira JM, Queiroz J, Rodrigues A. Association ofThymbra capitataessential oil and chitosan (TCCH hydrogel): a putative therapeutic tool for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Palmeira- de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã; Portugal
| | - R. Palmeira- de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã; Portugal
| | - C. Gaspar
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã; Portugal
| | - L. Salgueiro
- Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - C. Cavaleiro
- Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | | | - J.A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã; Portugal
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Kumar N, Behera B, Sagiri SS, Pal K, Ray SS, Roy S. Bacterial vaginosis: Etiology and modalities of treatment-A brief note. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2011; 3:496-503. [PMID: 22219582 PMCID: PMC3249696 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.90102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A large women population of the world is suffering from a vaginal infection commonly known as bacterial vaginosis. The disease is associated with the decrease in the lactobacilli count in the vagina. Till date, there is a lack of full proof treatment modalities for the cure of the disease. The treatment includes the use of antimicrobials and/or acidifying agents and probiotics, either separately or in combination. This note discusses about the etiology and the various present-day modalities of treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kumar
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Beauty Behera
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Sai S. Sagiri
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Sirsendu S. Ray
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Saroj Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
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36
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Perioli L, Ambrogi V, Pagano C, Massetti E, Rossi C. New solid mucoadhesive systems for benzydamine vaginal administration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Baloglu E, Karavana SY, Senyigit ZA, Guneri T. Rheological and mechanical properties of poloxamer mixtures as a mucoadhesive gel base. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 16:627-36. [PMID: 20715905 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.508074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study described the thermosensitive formulations composed of poloxamer mixtures for use as drug delivery platform via mucosal route. It also characterized the poloxamer mixtures' rheological, mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. Poloxamer (Plx) 407 and Plx 188 were used alone and together for preparing the mucosal drug delivery platform. The mixtures of Plx 407 and Plx 188 in ratio of 15:15 (F5); 15:20 (F6); 20:10 (F7) existed liquid at room temperature, but gelled at physiological temperature. Flow rheometry studies and oscillatory analysis of each formulation were performed at 20 ± 0.1°C and 37 ± 0.1°C. F5 and F7 formulations exhibited typical gel-type mechanical spectra (G' > G″) after the determined frequency value at 37°C whereas F6 behaved as weakly cross-linked gel. Texture profile analysis presented that F5 and F7 showed similar mechanical properties and can be used as base for mucosal dosage form. Mucoadhesion studies indicated the difference among the formulations and the effect of the mucosal surface on mucoadhesive properties. Mucin disc, bovine vaginal and buccal mucosa were used as mucosal platform for mucoadhesion studies. It is suggested that these investigations may be usefully combined to provide a more rational basis for selecting the ratio of Plx to prepare a topical thermosensitive drug delivery system for mucosal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Baloglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Bonferoni MC, Sandri G, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Caramella C. Chitosan and its salts for mucosal and transmucosal delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:923-39. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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39
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Horvát S, Fehér A, Wolburg H, Sipos P, Veszelka S, Tóth A, Kis L, Kurunczi A, Balogh G, Kürti L, Erős I, Szabó-Révész P, Deli MA. Sodium hyaluronate as a mucoadhesive component in nasal formulation enhances delivery of molecules to brain tissue. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:252-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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40
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Albertini B, Passerini N, Di Sabatino M, Vitali B, Brigidi P, Rodriguez L. Polymer–lipid based mucoadhesive microspheres prepared by spray-congealing for the vaginal delivery of econazole nitrate. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 36:591-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cevher E, Sensoy D, Taha MAM, Araman A. Effect of thiolated polymers to textural and mucoadhesive properties of vaginal gel formulations prepared with polycarbophil and chitosan. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:953-65. [PMID: 18709556 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design and evaluate of mucoadhesive gel formulations for the vaginal application of clomiphene citrate (CLM) for local treatment of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. Chitosan (CHI) and polycarbophil (PC) were covalently modified using the thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine, respectively. The formation of thiol conjugates of chitosan (CHI-TG) and polycarbophil (PC-CYS) were confirmed by FT-IR analysis and PC-CYS and CHI-TG were found to have 148.42 +/- 4.16 and 41.17 +/- 2.34 micromol of thiol groups per gram of polymer, respectively. One percent CLM gels were prepared by combination of various concentrations of PC and CHI with thiolated conjugates of these polymers. Hardness, compressibility, elasticity, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of the gels were measured by Texture profile analysis and the vaginal mucoadhesion was investigated by mucoadhesion test. The increasing in the amount of the thiol conjugates was found to enhance the elasticity, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and mucoadhesion of the gel formulations but not their hardness and compressibility when compared to gels prepared using their respective parent formulations. Slower release rate of CLM from gels was achieved when the polymer concentrations were increased in the gel formulations. PC and its thiol conjugate were found to prolong the release of CLM longer than 70 h unlike gel formulations prepared using CHI and its thiol conjugate which were able to release CLM up to 12 h. Stability of CLM was preserved during the 3 month stability analysis under controlled room temperature and accelerated conditions.
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das Neves J, Amaral MH, Bahia MF. Performance of an in vitro mucoadhesion testing method for vaginal semisolids: Influence of different testing conditions and instrumental parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 69:622-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chitosan citrate as multifunctional polymer for vaginal delivery. Evaluation of penetration enhancement and peptidase inhibition properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 33:166-76. [PMID: 18248966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present work the employment of chitosan citrate (Chs citrate) as multifunctional polymer in vaginal applications was evaluated. Potential properties of penetration enhancement and protease inhibition could be expected because of the capability of citrate to bind divalent cations such as calcium, that is involved in the regulation of gap and tight junctions, and zinc, that is essential co-factor for some proteases. A comparison was performed with chitosan HCl (Chs HCl). Ex vivo drug permeation experiments were performed on pig vaginal mucosa, by application of 3.0% (w/w) chitosan gels. Acyclovir (5.0%, w/w) and ciprofloxacin HCl (0.3%, w/w) were used as low molecular weight model drugs. Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran MW 4400 (FD4) was used as hydrophilic high molecular weight fluorescent probe (0.2%, w/w). In the case of low MW drugs the amount penetrated into pig vaginal mucosa was measured by extraction from tissue slices and HPLC detection. From the samples maintained in contact with FD4, slices were cut perpendicularly to the surface and observed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). FD4 permeation was also measured in in-vitro cell culture model (Caco-2). The penetration enhancing capacity of Chs citrate was comparable to that of Chs HCl. Both Chs citrate and Chs HCl were tested for the inhibition of the proteolytic enzymes carboxypeptidase A and leucine aminopeptidase. In both cases Chs citrate showed a significantly higher inhibition of enzymatic activity with respect to Chs HCl.
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Ndesendo VMK, Pillay V, Choonara YE, Buchmann E, Bayever DN, Meyer LCR. A review of current intravaginal drug delivery approaches employed for the prophylaxis of HIV/AIDS and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:505-20. [PMID: 18431651 PMCID: PMC2976928 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to describe the current status of several intravaginal anti-HIV microbicidal delivery systems these delivery systems and microbicidal compounds in the context of their stage within clinical trials and their potential cervicovaginal defence successes. The global Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic continues to spread at a rate of more than 15,000 new infections daily and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can predispose people to acquiring HIV infection. Male-to-female transmission is eight times more likely to occur than female-to-male transmission due to the anatomical structure of the vagina as well as socio-economic factors and the disempowerment of women that renders them unable to refuse unsafe sexual practices in some communities. The increased incidence of HIV in women has identified the urgent need for efficacious and safe intravaginal delivery of anti-HIV agents that can be used and controlled by women. To meet this challenge, several intravaginal anti-HIV microbicidal delivery systems are in the process of been developed. The outcomes of three main categories are discussed in this review: namely, dual-function polymeric systems, non-polymeric systems and nanotechnology-based systems. These delivery systems include formulations that modify the genital environment (e.g. polyacrylic acid gels and lactobacillus gels), surfactants (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate), polyanionic therapeutic polymers (e.g. carageenan and carbomer/lactic acid gels), proteins (e.g. cyanovirin-N, monoclonal antibodies and thromspondin-1 peptides), protease inhibitors and other molecules (e.g. dendrimer based-gels and the molecular condom). Intravaginal microbicide delivery systems are providing a new option for preventing the transmission of STIs and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valence M. K. Ndesendo
- />Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- />Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- />Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eckhart Buchmann
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Bertsham, Johannesburg, 2013 South Africa
| | - David N. Bayever
- />Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leith C. R. Meyer
- />Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
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45
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Makhlof A, Werle M, Takeuchi H. Mucoadhesive drug carriers and polymers for effective drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(08)50075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Dover SE, Aroutcheva AA, Faro S, Chikindas ML. NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS AND THEIR ROLE IN VAGINAL HEALTH: A SHORT REVIEW. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROBIOTICS & PREBIOTICS 2008; 3:219-230. [PMID: 20657710 PMCID: PMC2908489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus species maintain the vaginal ecosystem in a healthy condition by production of antimicrobial substances. Depletion of lactobacilli in the vagina results in bacterial vaginosis (BV), where the normal flora is replaced by several bacterial pathogens, usually Gardnerella vaginalis and obligate anaerobes. BV may cause complications such as premature labor, low birth weight and increased risk of HIV acquisition. The currently recommended antibiotic treatments for BV are not always effective and often lead to reoccurrence of the infection. In many cases, this is due to the antibiotic-resistant forms of the pathogens. Therefore, there is an interest in the development of treatments using antimicrobials derived primarily from Lactobacillus spp., such as ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) and lactic acid. These substances effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria, are safe and do not pose any threat to healthy vaginal Lactobacillus spp. It may be possible to find an effective treatment against BV while reducing the infection's reoccurrence and the treatment-related complications through hurdle technology. This would be achieved by combining antimicrobials produced by Lactobacillus spp. with different natural antimicrobials obtained from plants or other non-pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dover
- The Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Valhallavägen 79, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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