1
|
Mango NA, Pierson SK, Bustamante MS, Brandstadter JD, van Rhee F, Fajgenbaum DC. Siltuximab administration results in spurious IL-6 elevation in peripheral blood. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:E15-E18. [PMID: 37867418 PMCID: PMC10998478 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Mango
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sheila K. Pierson
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mateo S. Bustamante
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D. Brandstadter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Frits van Rhee
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - David C. Fajgenbaum
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Direct bioanalysis or indirect calculation of target engagement and free drug exposure: do we apply double standards? Bioanalysis 2023; 15:5-16. [PMID: 36762451 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of "free" drug/target concentrations is important to set up appropriate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models, to evaluate active-drug exposure and target engagement. Such "free-analyte" determination could be done by direct bioanalysis using an appropriate "free-analyte" assay. Development of "free" assays is often considered challenging from a technological and regulatory perspective. The application of a "total-total" approach, where the "free-analyte" concentration is determined mathematically, is considered a more convenient option. In this perspective, we examine and discuss the challenges of this "total-total" approach, from the affinity data, the importance of applying an appropriate "total" assay, the impact of additional binding partners and the variability of the total drug/target assays and their impact on the quality and variability of the final "free-analyte" dataset.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fairman D, Tang H. Best Practices in mAb and Soluble Target Assay Selection for Quantitative Modelling and Qualitative Interpretation. AAPS J 2023; 25:23. [PMID: 36759378 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are an increasingly important part of the drug discovery and development portfolio across the pharmaceutical industry. To enable robust demonstration of pillars 1 and 2 [1] for mAbs, specialised assays are required to measure the complex interactions between mAb and target. This is especially important for the interpretation of soluble target interactions. In some instances, multiple assays with overlapping purposes (e.g., developing both complex and total assays) have been developed. In retrospect, these efforts may have led to excessive time and resources spent in assay development and the generation of data that is contradictory or misleading. Our recommendation is to invest resources early into the development of total assays for both mAb and target. Free target assay data may be inaccurate and report higher levels of free target than are present in the sample at collection due to re-equilibrium during measurement. Total assay formats are inherently less sensitive to the effects of sample preparation, assay conditions, and re-equilibration than free or complex assays. It is acknowledged that pathology/pharmacology is ultimately driven by the free target and knowledge of its dynamics are critical. However, generation of appropriate total target data and using model-based estimation of free target concentrations is a more robust approach than utilisation of direct assay derived estimates. Where free data are utilised, the potential biases should be prospectively considered when developing the assay and utilising the data for quantitative analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fairman
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling and Simulation, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Huaping Tang
- Bioanalysis Immunogenicity and Biomarkers, GSK Research, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Pennsylvania, 19426, Collegeville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Utility of in silico prediction of target suppression for antibodies against soluble targets: static versus dynamic models. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:137-147. [PMID: 36416938 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibodies that bind soluble targets such as cytokines belong to an important class of immunotherapies. Target levels can significantly accumulate after antibody administration due to formation of antibody-target complex, accompanied with suppression in free target which is often difficult to measure. Being a surrogate for pharmacodynamic activity, free target suppression is often predicted using in silico tools. The objective of this work is to illustrate the utility of modelling and to compare static versus dynamic models in the prediction of free target suppression. METHODS Using binding principles, we have derived a static equation to predict free target suppression at steady state (FTSS). This equation operates with five input parameters and accounts for target accumulation over time. Its predictivity was compared to a dynamic model and to other existing metrics in literature via simulations and assumptions were illustrated. RESULTS We demonstrated the utility of in silico tools in prediction of free target suppression using static and dynamic models and clarified the assumptions in key input parameters and their limitations. Predicted values using the FTSS equation correlate very well with those from the dynamic model at level > 20% target suppression, relevant for antagonistic antibodies. CONCLUSION In silico tools are needed to predict target suppression by antibody drugs. Static or dynamic models can be used dependant on the scope, available data and undertaken assumptions. These tools can be used to guide discovery and development of antibodies and has the potential to reduce clinical failure.
Collapse
|
5
|
Myzithras M, Lin S, Radden L, Hess Kenny C, Cai Z, MacDonald A, Binetti R, Marlow M, Fracasso P, Gibson G, Bartlett C, Hawkins J, Hansel S. Development of novel ultra-sensitive IL-11 target engagement assays to support mechanistic PK/PD modeling for an anti-IL-11 antibody therapeutic. MAbs 2022; 14:2104153. [PMID: 35916739 PMCID: PMC9348130 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-house antibody generation campaign identified a diverse, high affinity set of anti-interleukin-11 (IL-11) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to enable successful development of novel, custom ultra-sensitive target engagement assays for detection of “free” (unbound to the dosed anti-IL-11 therapeutic mAb) and “total” (free and mAb-IL-11 complexed form) IL-11 in preclinical species and human. Antibody hits from distinct epitope communities were screened on various platforms, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Meso Scale Discovery, Simoa HD-1 and Simoa Planar Array (SP-X), and used for assay development and sensitivity optimization. The ultra-sensitive SP-X format achieved a lower limit of quantitation of 0.006 pg/mL, enabling the first reported baseline levels of IL-11 in healthy control plasma determined by custom bioanalytical assays. These newly established baseline levels supported mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in mouse, cynomolgus monkey, and human for a greater understanding of preclinical study design and in vivo dynamic interaction of soluble IL-11 with an anti-IL-11 antibody therapeutic candidate. Modeling and simulation also helped refine the utility of assays with respect to their potential use as target engagement biomarkers in the clinic. Abbreviations IL-11: Interleukin-11, TE: Target engagement, PK/PD: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, mAb: Monoclonal antibody, NHP: Non-human primate, IgG: Immunoglobulin G, Cyno: Cynomolgulus monkey, GFR: Glomerular filtration rate, BQL: Below quantitation levels, DRM: Disease relevant model, kDa: kilodaltons, SPR: Surface plasmon resonance, pSTAT3: phosphorylated STAT3, IL-11R: Interleukin-11 receptor, TPP: Target product protein, LLOQ: Lower limit of quantitation, RLU: Relative light units
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siqi Lin
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Zheng Cai
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Ralph Binetti
- Immunology & Respiratory, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Michael Marlow
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Paul Fracasso
- Cardiometabolic Diseases, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Glenn Gibson
- Cardiometabolic Diseases, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Julie Hawkins
- Cardiometabolic Diseases, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Steven Hansel
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng S, Niu J, Geist B, Fink D, Xu Z, Zhou H, Wang W. A minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to characterize colon TNF suppression and treatment effects of an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody in a mouse inflammatory bowel disease model. MAbs 2021; 12:1813962. [PMID: 32967523 PMCID: PMC7531524 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1813962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutic drugs against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are effective treatments for moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we evaluated CNTO 5048, an antimurine TNF surrogate monoclonal antibody (mAb), in a CD45RBhigh adoptive T cell transfer mouse colitis model, which allows examination of the early immunological events associated with gut inflammation and the therapeutic effects. The study was designed to quantitatively understand the effects of IBD on CNTO 5048 disposition, the ability of CNTO 5048 to neutralize pathogenic TNF at the colon under disease conditions, and the impact of dosing regimen on CNTO 5048 treatment effect. CNTO 5048 and TNF concentrations in both mice serum and colon homogenate were also measured. Free TNF concentrations in colon, but not in serum, were shown to correlate well with the colon pharmacodynamic readout, such as the summed histopathology score and neutrophil score. A minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model was developed to characterize CNTO 5048 PK and disposition, as well as colon soluble TNF target engagement (TE). The mPBPK/TE model reasonably captured the observed data and provided a quantitative understanding of an anti-TNF mAb on its colon TNF suppression and therapeutic effect in a physiologically relevant IBD animal model. These results also provided insights into the potential benefits of using induction doses for the treatment of IBD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songmao Zheng
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (JBIO) , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jin Niu
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (JBIO) , Spring House, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brian Geist
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (JBIO) , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Damien Fink
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (JBIO) , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Quantitative Sciences , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Honghui Zhou
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Quantitative Sciences , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Quantitative Sciences , Spring House, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Conway JM, Abel zur Wiesch P. Mathematical Modeling of Remdesivir to Treat COVID-19: Can Dosing Be Optimized? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1181. [PMID: 34452142 PMCID: PMC8400702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral remdesivir has been approved by regulatory bodies such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of COVID-19. However, its efficacy is debated and toxicity concerns might limit the therapeutic range of this drug. Computational models that aid in balancing efficacy and toxicity would be of great help. Parametrizing models is difficult because the prodrug remdesivir is metabolized to its active form (RDV-TP) upon cell entry, which complicates dose-activity relationships. Here, we employ a computational model that allows drug efficacy predictions based on the binding affinity of RDV-TP for its target polymerase in SARS-CoV-2. We identify an optimal infusion rate to maximize remdesivir efficacy. We also assess drug efficacy in suppressing both wild-type and resistant strains, and thereby describe a drug regimen that may select for resistance. Our results differ from predictions using prodrug dose-response curves (pseudo-EC50s). We expect that reaching 90% inhibition (EC90) is insufficient to suppress SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs. While standard dosing mildly inhibits viral polymerase and therefore likely reduces morbidity, we also expect selection for resistant mutants for most realistic parameter ranges. To increase efficacy and safeguard against resistance, we recommend more clinical trials with dosing regimens that substantially increase the levels of RDV-TP and/or pair remdesivir with companion antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Conway
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Pia Abel zur Wiesch
- Department of Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ayyar VS, Jaiprasart P, Geist B, Huang Devine Z, Case M, Hazra A, Hsu CH, Chintala M, Wang W. Translational PK/PD and model-informed development of JNJ-67842125, a F ab reversal agent for JNJ-64179375, a long-acting thrombin inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3943-3958. [PMID: 34008170 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antigen-binding fragment (Fab ) reversal agents were developed to reverse, in bleeding emergency, the long-acting anticoagulant effect of JNJ-64179375 (JNJ-9375), a monoclonal antibody that binds exosite-1 on thrombin. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) activities of three reversal agents of varying in vitro binding affinities to JNJ-9375 were characterised in cynomolgus monkeys. The time course of JNJ-9375 anticoagulant activity and reversal effects of each agent were evaluated. A mechanism-based PK/PD model, which integrated free serum concentrations of reversal agent, total and free serum concentrations of JNJ-9375, and thrombin time, was developed to quantitatively relate JNJ-9375 neutralisation to reversal of induced thrombin time prolongation. Model-based allometric scale-up of the lead reversal agent and the PK/PD relationship of JNJ-9375 in healthy volunteers were utilised to predict clinical dosing regimens. KEY RESULTS Lowering of free JNJ-9375 by the reversal agents corresponded with reversal of thrombin time prolongation. Total JNJ-9375 displayed typical mAb clearance at 2.75 ml·day-1 ·kg-1 , whereas reversal agents cleared faster between 1400 and 2400 ml·day-1 ·kg-1 . The model-estimated in vivo KD values for JNJ-9375 reversal agents were 9 nM (ICHB-256), 0.4 nM (ICHB-281) and 13.7 pM (ICHB-164), in rank-ordered agreement of their KD values determined in vitro. The three reversal agents exhibited different neutralisation characteristics in vivo, governed primarily by their binding kinetics to JNJ-9375. The model predicted a priori free JNJ-9375 kinetics after dosing ICHB-164 (JNJ-67842125) and JNJ-9375 under a different regimen. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results enabled selection of JNJ-67842125 as the reversal agent for JNJ-9375.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivaswath S Ayyar
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA.,Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pharavee Jaiprasart
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA.,Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Geist
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zheng Huang Devine
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin Case
- New Platforms and Technology, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anasuya Hazra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chyi-Hung Hsu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhu Chintala
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakamura G, Ozeki K, Nagayasu M, Nambu T, Nemoto T, Hosoya KI. Predicting Method for the Human Plasma Concentration-Time Profile of a Monoclonal Antibody from the Half-life of Non-human Primates. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:823-830. [PMID: 32378559 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency (speed and cost) and animal welfare are important factors in the development of new drugs. A novel method (the half-life method) was developed to predict the human plasma concentration-time profile of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) after intravenous (i.v.) administration using less data compared to the conventional approach; moreover, predicted results were comparable to conventional method. This new method use human geometric means of pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters and the non-human primates (NHP) half-life of each mAb. PK data on mAbs in humans and NHPs were collected from literature focusing on linear elimination, and the two-compartment model was used for analysis. The following features were revealed in humans: 1) the coefficient of variation in the distribution volume of the central compartment and at steady state of mAbs was small (22.6 and 23.8%, respectively) and 2) half-life at the elimination phase (t1/2β) was the main contributor to plasma clearance. Moreover, distribution volume showed no significant correlation between humans and NHPs, and human t1/2β showed a good correlation with allometrically scaled t1/2β of NHP. Based on the features revealed in this study, we propose a new method for predicting the human plasma concentration-time profile of mAbs after i.v. dosing. When tested, this half-life method showed reasonable human prediction compared with a conventional empirical approach. The half-life method only requires t1/2β to predict human PK, and is therefore able to improve animal welfare and potentially accelerate the drug development process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genki Nakamura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | | | | | - Takeru Nambu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Ken-Ichi Hosoya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carter QL, Siegel RW, Qian Y, Konrad RJ. Application of a novel drug-tolerant target assay for measuring target engagement when only one epitope remains after therapeutic antibodies bind their targets. J Immunol Methods 2020; 489:112916. [PMID: 33242494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of proteins with a limited number of available non-overlapping epitopes recognizable by antibodies represents a common challenge for the development of drug-tolerant clinical biomarker assays. For target proteins with two dominant epitopes, only one epitope remains when the other is occupied by the therapeutic antibody. Alternative strategies for overcoming this obstacle have been described in the literature; however, these methods have potential limitations. We have developed a novel method for measuring target engagement when only one epitope remains after therapeutic antibodies bind their analytes. The method combines Affinity Capture Elution (ACE) followed by simultaneous capture and detection of the protein of interest. This novel method has been named ACE-Sandwich. The application of this method is not dependent on the immunoglobulin G subclass of the therapeutic antibody, nor does this method require sample pretreatment. Furthermore, the ACE-Sandwich method is highly sensitive, reproducible, and tolerant to high concentrations of therapeutic antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quincy L Carter
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Robert W Siegel
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Yuewei Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Robert J Konrad
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fukuzawa T, Nezu J. SKY59, A Novel Recycling Antibody for Complement-mediated Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4157-4164. [PMID: 31622197 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191016115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system usually helps protect against microbial infection, but it could also be involved in the onset of various diseases. Inhibition of complement component 5 (C5) with eculizumab has resulted in a significant reduction of hemolysis, reduction of thromboembolic events, and increased survival in patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH). However, eculizumab requires frequent intravenous infusions due to the abundance of C5 in plasma and some patients may still experience breakthrough hemolysis. This review introduces the recent body of knowledge on recycling technology and discusses the likely therapeutic benefits of SKY59, a novel recycling antibody, for PNH and complement-mediated disorders. METHODS By using recycling technology, we created a novel anti-C5 antibody, SKY59, capable of binding to C5 pH-dependently. RESULTS In cynomolgus monkeys, SKY59 robustly inhibited C5 and complement activity for significantly longer than a conventional antibody. SKY59 also showed an inhibitory effect on C5 variant p.Arg885His, whereas eculizumab does not suppress complement activity in patients with this type of mutation. CONCLUSION SKY59 is a promising anti-C5 biologic agent that has significant advantages over current therapies such as long duration of action and efficacy against C5 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fukuzawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng S, Shen F, Jones B, Fink D, Geist B, Nnane I, Zhou Z, Hall J, Malaviya R, Ort T, Wang W. Characterization of concurrent target suppression by JNJ-61178104, a bispecific antibody against human tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A. MAbs 2020; 12:1770018. [PMID: 32544369 PMCID: PMC7531573 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1770018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-17A are pleiotropic cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). JNJ-61178104 is a novel human anti-TNF and anti-IL-17A monovalent, bispecific antibody that binds to both human TNF and human IL-17A with high affinities and blocks the binding of TNF and IL-17A to their receptors in vitro. JNJ-61178104 also potently neutralizes TNF and IL-17A-mediated downstream effects in multiple cell-based assays. In vivo, treatment with JNJ-61178104 resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cellular influx in a human IL-17A/TNF-induced murine lung neutrophilia model and the inhibitory effects of JNJ-61178104 were more potent than the treatment with bivalent parental anti-TNF or anti-IL-17A antibodies. JNJ-61178104 was shown to engage its targets, TNF and IL-17A, in systemic circulation measured as drug/target complex formation in normal cynomolgus monkeys (cyno). Surprisingly, quantitative target engagement assessment suggested lower apparent in vivo target-binding affinities for JNJ-61178104 compared to its bivalent parental antibodies, despite their similar in vitro target-binding affinities. The target engagement profiles of JNJ-61178104 in humans were in general agreement with the predicted profiles based on cyno data, suggesting similar differences in the apparent in vivo target-binding affinities. These findings show that in vivo target engagement of monovalent bispecific antibody does not necessarily recapitulate that of the molar-equivalent dose of its bivalent parental antibody. Our results also offer valuable insights into the understanding of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and target engagement of other bispecific biologics against dimeric and/or trimeric soluble targets in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songmao Zheng
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Fang Shen
- Immunology Discovery, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Brian Jones
- Immunology Discovery, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Damien Fink
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Brian Geist
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Ivo Nnane
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Immunology Discovery, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Hall
- Immunology Discovery, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Malaviya
- Immunology Discovery, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Ort
- Immunology Discovery, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D , Spring House, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai W, Leil TA, Gibiansky L, Krishna M, Zhang H, Gu H, Sun H, Throup J, Banerjee S, Girgis I. Modeling and Simulation of the Pharmacokinetics and Target Engagement of an Antagonist Monoclonal Antibody to Interferon-γ-Induced Protein 10, BMS-986184, in Healthy Participants to Guide Therapeutic Dosing. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:689-698. [PMID: 32068354 PMCID: PMC7496395 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BMS‐986184 is a human, second‐generation, anti–interferon‐γ–induced protein 10 (IP‐10) monoclonal antibody. In this study the pharmacokinetics and target engagement (TE) of BMS‐986184 in healthy participants were characterized using population‐based target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) modeling and data from a first‐in‐human study (NCT02864264). The results of the first‐in‐human study and the model generated were used to conduct stochastic simulations of a virtual population of healthy participants to predict pharmacokinetic exposures and TE responses for different dosage regimens. A 2‐compartment, 2‐target, TMDD structural model, assuming quasi‐steady‐state and stimulated production on treatment, was developed by simultaneous fitting of the total drug, serum‐free IP‐10, and serum total IP‐10 concentration data, with the second unobservable target contribution to drug elimination described by the Michaelis‐Menten elimination term. Model evaluation confirmed agreement between model predictions and observed data. Simulation of a virtual population of healthy individuals demonstrated that steady state was reached at the eighth dosing interval, and that around 150 mg subcutaneously every other week could be a suitable target dosage regimen for future clinical trials. Integrated modeling strategies such as this can be used to help guide rational clinical trial development of drugs with TMDD, leading to improved dose selection and greater patient benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Cai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tarek A Leil
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Huidong Gu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Huadong Sun
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Throup
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ihab Girgis
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang X, Chen X, Jaiprasart P, Carpenter TJ, Zhou R, Wang W. Development of a minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to characterize target cell depletion and cytokine release for T cell-redirecting bispecific agents in humans. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 146:105260. [PMID: 32058058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are highly potent tumor-killing molecules. Following bsAb mediated engagement with target cells, T cells get activated and kill target cells while inducing cytokine release, which at higher levels may lead to life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Clinical evidence suggests that CRS can be mitigated by implementing a stepwise dosing strategy. Here, we developed a mechanism-based minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (mPBPK/PD) model using reported preclinical and clinical data from blinatumomab. The mPBPK/PD model reasonably captured blinatumomab PK and B cell depletion profiles in blood and in various tissue sites of action (i.e., red marrow perivascular niche, spleen, and lymph nodes) in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Using interleukin 6 (IL-6) as an example, our model quantitatively characterized the mitigation of cytokine release by a blinatumomab 5-15-60 µg/m2/day stepwise dosing regimen comparing to a 60 µg/m2/day flat dose in NHL patients. Furthermore, by only modifying the system parameters specific for ALL patients, the mPBPK/PD model successfully predicted the mitigation of IL-6 release by a blinatumomab 5-15 µg/m2/day stepwise dosing regimen comparing to a 15 µg/m2/day flat dose. Our work provided a case example to show how mPBPK/PD model can be used to support the discovery and clinical development of T cell-redirecting bsAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Jiang
- Janssen Research & Development Inc, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Janssen Research & Development Inc, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Zhou
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Janssen Research & Development Inc, Spring House, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kielbasa W, Helton DL. A new era for migraine: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic insights into monoclonal antibodies with a focus on galcanezumab, an anti-CGRP antibody. Cephalalgia 2019; 39:1284-1297. [PMID: 30917684 PMCID: PMC6710614 DOI: 10.1177/0333102419840780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of antibodies that bind to soluble ligands within the framework of calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies. OVERVIEW Calcitonin gene-related peptide has been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Galcanezumab is an antibody that binds to the ligand calcitonin gene-related peptide. Other antibodies that target calcitonin gene-related peptide include eptinezumab and fremanezumab. To understand how antibodies can affect the extent and duration of free ligand concentrations, it is important to consider the dose and pharmacokinetics of an antibody, and the kinetics of the ligand and antibody-ligand complex. Insights regarding the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of galcanezumab as a probe antibody drug and calcitonin gene-related peptide as its binding ligand regarding its clinical outcomes are provided. DISCUSSION Antibodies are administered parenterally because oral absorption is limited by gastrointestinal degradation and inefficient diffusion through the epithelium. The systemic absorption of antibodies following intramuscular or subcutaneous administration most likely occurs via convective transport through lymphatic vessels into blood. The majority of antibody elimination occurs via intracellular catabolism into peptides and amino acids following endocytosis. Binding of ligand to an antibody reduces the free ligand that is available to interact with the receptor and efficacy is driven by the magnitude and duration of the reduction in free ligand concentration. A galcanezumab pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model shows that galcanezumab decreases free calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner and continues to suppress free calcitonin gene-related peptide with repeated dosing. The model provides evidence for a mechanistic linkage to galcanezumab therapeutic effects for the preventive treatment of migraine.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang TT, Ma J, Durbin KR, Montavon T, Lacy SE, Jenkins GJ, Doktor S, Kalvass JC. Determination of IL-23 Pharmacokinetics by Highly Sensitive Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and Subsequent Modeling to Project IL-23 Suppression in Psoriasis Patients Treated with Anti-IL-23 Antibodies. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:82. [PMID: 31250228 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-23 is a key modulator of the immune response, making it an attractive target for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Correspondingly, several monoclonal antibodies against IL-23 are either in development or approved for autoimmune indications such as psoriasis. Despite being a clinical validated target, IL-23 pharmacokinetics (e.g., IL-23 synthesis and elimination rates) and the degree of target suppression (i.e., decrease in free "active" IL-23) associated with clinical efficacy are not well understood, primarily due to its ultra-low circulating levels and the lack of sensitive and accurate measurement methods. In the current work, this issue was overcome by using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to measure the concentration and pharmacokinetics of human recombinant [14C]-IL-23 following an intravenous trace-dose in cynomolgus monkeys. IL-23 pharmacokinetic parameters along with clinical drug exposure and IL-23 binding affinities from four different anti-IL-23 antibodies (ustekinumab, tildrakizumab, guselkumab, and risankizumab) were used to build a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model to assess the time course of free IL-23 over one year in psoriasis patients following different dosing regimens. The predicted rank order of reduction of free IL-23 was consistent with their reported rank order of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 100 scores in clinical efficacy trials (ustekinumab < tildrakizumab < guselkumab < risankizumab), thus demonstrating the utility of highly sensitive AMS for determining target pharmacokinetics to inform PK/PD modeling and assessing target suppression associated with clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junli Ma
- DMPK-BA, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Susan E Lacy
- Immuno-oncology, AbbVie, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
An LC–MS/MS approach to assess total and free protein target in the serum of cynomolgus monkey. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:393-406. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Develop LC–MS/MS-based assays to measure total and free complement C5 in cynomolgus monkey serum as a target engagement biomarker for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic correlation study. Materials & methods/results: The C5-specific signature peptide derived from pellet digestion of serum proteins with and without prior immunodepletion of the drug-bound C5 by protein A beads was quantified to assess free and total C5 levels, respectively. Conditions for immunodepletion by protein A were optimized to ensure complete depletion of IgGs (and drug-bound C5). The effect of sample dilution on drug-target dissociation and thus free C5 measurement was evaluated by applying a mathematical simulation. Conclusion: The procedure described here allows for the assessment of protein target engagement, aiding in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic correlation analysis and human dose projection.
Collapse
|
18
|
Improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic antibodies by antibody engineering. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 34:25-41. [PMID: 30472066 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important therapeutic option for several diseases. Since several mAbs have shown promising efficacy in clinic, the competition to develop mAbs has become severe. In efforts to gain a competitive advantage over other mAbs and provide significant benefits to patients, innovations in antibody engineering have aimed at improving the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs. Because engineering can provide therapeutics that are more convenient, safer, and more efficacious for patients in several disease areas, it is an attractive approach to provide significant benefits to patients. Further advances in engineering mAbs to modulate their pharmacokinetics were driven by the increase of total soluble target antigen concentration that is often observed after injecting a mAb, which then requires a high dosage to antagonize. To decrease the required dosage, several antibody engineering techniques have been invented that reduce the total concentration of soluble target antigen. Here, we review the various ways that antibody engineering can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of mAbs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hecht M, Veigure R, Couchman L, S Barker CI, Standing JF, Takkis K, Evard H, Johnston A, Herodes K, Leito I, Kipper K. Utilization of data below the analytical limit of quantitation in pharmacokinetic analysis and modeling: promoting interdisciplinary debate. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1229-1248. [PMID: 30033744 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, bioanalytical laboratories do not report actual concentrations for samples with results below the LOQ (BLQ) in pharmacokinetic studies. BLQ values are outside the method calibration range established during validation and no data are available to support the reliability of these values. However, ignoring BLQ data can contribute to bias and imprecision in model-based pharmacokinetic analyses. From this perspective, routine use of BLQ data would be advantageous. We would like to initiate an interdisciplinary debate on this important topic by summarizing the current concepts and use of BLQ data by regulators, pharmacometricians and bioanalysts. Through introducing the limit of detection and evaluating its variability, BLQ data could be released and utilized appropriately for pharmacokinetic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Hecht
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Analytical Services International, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Rūta Veigure
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lewis Couchman
- Analytical Services International, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Charlotte I S Barker
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Inflammation, Infection & Rheumatology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Joseph F Standing
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Inflammation, Infection & Rheumatology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kalev Takkis
- Analytical Services International, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Hanno Evard
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Atholl Johnston
- Analytical Services International, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Koit Herodes
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Kipper
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Analytical Services International, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
O'Rourke DM, Nasrallah MP, Desai A, Melenhorst JJ, Mansfield K, Morrissette JJD, Martinez-Lage M, Brem S, Maloney E, Shen A, Isaacs R, Mohan S, Plesa G, Lacey SF, Navenot JM, Zheng Z, Levine BL, Okada H, June CH, Brogdon JL, Maus MV. A single dose of peripherally infused EGFRvIII-directed CAR T cells mediates antigen loss and induces adaptive resistance in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/399/eaaa0984. [PMID: 28724573 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a first-in-human study of intravenous delivery of a single dose of autologous T cells redirected to the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation by a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). We report our findings on the first 10 recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) patients treated. We found that manufacturing and infusion of CAR-modified T cell (CART)-EGFRvIII cells are feasible and safe, without evidence of off-tumor toxicity or cytokine release syndrome. One patient has had residual stable disease for over 18 months of follow-up. All patients demonstrated detectable transient expansion of CART-EGFRvIII cells in peripheral blood. Seven patients had post-CART-EGFRvIII surgical intervention, which allowed for tissue-specific analysis of CART-EGFRvIII trafficking to the tumor, phenotyping of tumor-infiltrating T cells and the tumor microenvironment in situ, and analysis of post-therapy EGFRvIII target antigen expression. Imaging findings after CART immunotherapy were complex to interpret, further reinforcing the need for pathologic sampling in infused patients. We found trafficking of CART-EGFRvIII cells to regions of active GBM, with antigen decrease in five of these seven patients. In situ evaluation of the tumor environment demonstrated increased and robust expression of inhibitory molecules and infiltration by regulatory T cells after CART-EGFRvIII infusion, compared to pre-CART-EGFRvIII infusion tumor specimens. Our initial experience with CAR T cells in recurrent GBM suggests that although intravenous infusion results in on-target activity in the brain, overcoming the adaptive changes in the local tumor microenvironment and addressing the antigen heterogeneity may improve the efficacy of EGFRvIII-directed strategies in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arati Desai
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jan J Melenhorst
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith Mansfield
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer J D Morrissette
- Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Martinez-Lage
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen Maloney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Angela Shen
- Novartis Oncology, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Randi Isaacs
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Suyash Mohan
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriela Plesa
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Navenot
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce L Levine
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X, Jiang X, Doddareddy R, Geist B, McIntosh T, Jusko WJ, Zhou H, Wang W. Development and Translational Application of a Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for a Monoclonal Antibody against Interleukin 23 (IL-23) in IL-23-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:140-155. [PMID: 29420255 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-23/Th17/IL-17 immune pathway has been identified to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Many therapeutic proteins targeting IL-23 or IL-17 are currently under development for the treatment of psoriasis. In the present study, a mechanistic pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) study was conducted to assess the target-binding and disposition kinetics of a monoclonal antibody (mAb), CNTO 3723, and its soluble target, mouse IL-23, in an IL-23-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. A minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model with target-mediated drug disposition features was developed to quantitatively assess the kinetics and interrelationship between CNTO 3723 and exogenously administered, recombinant mouse IL-23 in both serum and lesional skin site. Furthermore, translational applications of the developed model were evaluated with incorporation of human PK for ustekinumab, an anti-human IL-23/IL-12 mAb developed for treatment of psoriasis, and human disease pathophysiology information in psoriatic patients. The results agreed well with the observed clinical data for ustekinumab. Our work provides an example on how mechanism-based PK/PD modeling can be applied during early drug discovery and how preclinical data can be used for human efficacious dose projection and guide decision making during early clinical development of therapeutic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| | - Xiling Jiang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| | - Rajitha Doddareddy
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| | - Brian Geist
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| | - Thomas McIntosh
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| | - William J Jusko
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| | - Honghui Zhou
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| | - Weirong Wang
- Biologics Development Sciences, Janssen BioTherapeutics (X.C., X.J., R.D., B.G., T.M., W.W.) and Global Clinical Pharmacology (H.Z.), Janssen R&D, Spring House, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (W.J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fukuzawa T, Sampei Z, Haraya K, Ruike Y, Shida-Kawazoe M, Shimizu Y, Gan SW, Irie M, Tsuboi Y, Tai H, Sakiyama T, Sakamoto A, Ishii S, Maeda A, Iwayanagi Y, Shibahara N, Shibuya M, Nakamura G, Nambu T, Hayasaka A, Mimoto F, Okura Y, Hori Y, Habu K, Wada M, Miura T, Tachibana T, Honda K, Tsunoda H, Kitazawa T, Kawabe Y, Igawa T, Hattori K, Nezu J. Long lasting neutralization of C5 by SKY59, a novel recycling antibody, is a potential therapy for complement-mediated diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1080. [PMID: 28439081 PMCID: PMC5430875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the complement system is linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of hematological disorders. Eculizumab, an anti-complement C5 monoclonal antibody, is the current standard of care for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). However, because of high levels of C5 in plasma, eculizumab has to be administered biweekly by intravenous infusion. By applying recycling technology through pH-dependent binding to C5, we generated a novel humanized antibody against C5, SKY59, which has long-lasting neutralization of C5. In cynomolgus monkeys, SKY59 suppressed C5 function and complement activity for a significantly longer duration compared to a conventional antibody. Furthermore, epitope mapping by X-ray crystal structure analysis showed that a histidine cluster located on C5 is crucial for the pH-dependent interaction with SKY59. This indicates that the recycling effect of SKY59 is driven by a novel mechanism of interaction with its antigen and is distinct from other known pH-dependent antibodies. Finally, SKY59 showed neutralizing effect on C5 variant p.Arg885His, while eculizumab does not inhibit complement activity in patients carrying this mutation. Collectively, these results suggest that SKY59 is a promising new anti-C5 agent for patients with PNH and other complement-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fukuzawa
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Zenjiro Sampei
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yoshinao Ruike
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Meiri Shida-Kawazoe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shimizu
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Machiko Irie
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsuboi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tai
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakiyama
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sakamoto
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Maeda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwayanagi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihito Shibahara
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Shibuya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Genki Nakamura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeru Nambu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Hayasaka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Futa Mimoto
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuu Okura
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yuji Hori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Habu
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Wada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Honda
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Tsunoda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kitazawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan.,Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #07-11 to 16, Synapse, 138623, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, DuBois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Interrelationships between Infliximab and Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor- α in Plasma Using Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:790-797. [PMID: 28411280 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.074807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important target for many therapeutic proteins used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Biologics targeting TNF-α exert their pharmacologic effects through binding and neutralizing this cytokine and preventing it from binding to its cell surface receptors. The magnitude of their pharmacologic effects directly corresponds to the extent and duration of free TNF-α suppression. However, endogenous TNF-α is of low abundance, so it is quite challenging to assess the free TNF-α suppression experimentally. Here we have applied an experimental approach to bypass this difficulty by giving recombinant human TNF-α (rhTNF-α) to rats by s.c. infusion. This boosted TNF-α concentration enabled quantification of TNF-α in plasma. Free rhTNF-α concentrations were measured after separation from the infliximab-rhTNF-α complex using Dynabeads Protein A. The interrelationship of infliximab and TNF-α was assessed with minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for TNF-α and infliximab with a target-mediated drug disposition component. Knowledge of TNF-α pharmacokinetics allows reliable prediction of the free TNF-α suppression with either free or total TNF-α concentration profiles. The experimental and modeling approaches in our study may aid in the development of next-generation TNF-α inhibitors with improved therapeutic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (X.C., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.), and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Debra C DuBois
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (X.C., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.), and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Richard R Almon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (X.C., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.), and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (X.C., D.C.D., R.R.A., W.J.J.), and Department of Biological Sciences (D.C.D., R.R.A.), State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang W, Zhou H. Pharmacological considerations for predicting PK/PD at the site of action for therapeutic proteins. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 21-22:35-39. [PMID: 27978986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For therapeutic proteins whose sites of action are distal to the systemic circulation, both drug and target concentrations at the tissue sites are not necessarily proportional to those in systemic circulation, highlighting the importance of understanding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship at the sites of action. This review summarizes the pharmacological considerations for predicting local PK/PD and the importance of measuring PK and PD at site of action. Three case examples are presented to show how mechanistic and physiologically based PK/PD (PBPK/PD) models which incorporated the PK and PD at the tissue site can be used to facilitate understanding the exposure-response relationship for therapeutic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Wang
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Honghui Zhou
- Quantitative Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Samineni D, Girish S, Li C. Impact of Shed/Soluble targets on the PK/PD of approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1557-1569. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1243055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
26
|
Chen X, Jiang X, Jusko WJ, Zhou H, Wang W. Minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model for a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6 in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2016; 43:291-304. [PMID: 27119518 PMCID: PMC5958616 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-016-9472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting soluble inflammatory cytokines exert their pharmacological effects in rheumatoid arthritis through binding and neutralizing free cytokines in target tissue sites. Therefore suppression of free cytokines in such sites directly relates to the magnitude of therapeutic response. Although the interrelationships between mAb and cytokines have been examined in the systemic circulation, less is known about the interaction of mAb and cytokines in inflamed joints. In the present study, the interplay between the mAb, CNTO 345, and its target IL-6 in serum as well as ankle joint synovial fluid were characterized in collagen-induced arthritic mice. A minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model with target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) features in serum and ankle joint synovial fluid was developed for the assessment of the TMDD dynamics of CNTO 345 and IL-6. Our model indicates that TMDD kinetics in ankle joints differ greatly from that in serum. The differences can be attributed to the limited tissue distribution of CNTO 345 in ankle joint synovial fluid, the significant rise of the IL-6 baseline in ankle joint synovial fluid in comparison with serum, and the relative time-scales of elimination rates between CNTO 345, free IL-6 and CNTO 345-IL-6 complex in serum and ankle joint synovial fluid.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/blood
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/blood
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Collagen
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Models, Biological
- Rats
- Synovial Fluid/chemistry
- Synovial Fluid/immunology
- Tarsal Joints/drug effects
- Tarsal Joints/immunology
- Tissue Distribution
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19447, USA
| | - Xiling Jiang
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19447, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Honghui Zhou
- Quantitative Science, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA, USA
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19447, USA
| | - Weirong Wang
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19447, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Haraya K, Tachibana T, Nezu J. Predicting pharmacokinetic profile of therapeutic antibodies after iv injection from only the data after sc injection in cynomolgus monkey. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:194-201. [PMID: 27151820 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1174792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The number of developed therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has increased in this decade. This study aims to predict their pharmacokinetic profiles after intravenous (iv) injection using only the data taken after subcutaneous (sc) injection in cynomolgus monkey. 2. Two-compartment model parameters, Q, Vc and Vp, were collected from the published data after iv injection in cynomolgus monkey for 21 mAbs (Group A). Bioavailability after sc injection (F), CL and serum/plasma concentration after iv injection of other published 19 mAbs (Group B) were predicted using the estimated geometric means of Q, Vc and Vp in Group A and the serum/plasma concentration after sc injection in Group B. 3. F and CL of 18 out of 19 mAbs in Group B were successfully predicted within 30% difference of observed value. Moreover, most of the observed serum/plasma concentrations after iv injection of mAbs in Group B were successfully predicted within 2-fold difference. Our approach suggests that iv injection might not be required to evaluate absorption of mAbs after sc injection in cynomolgus monkey. Therefore, our approach might reduce the time and cost of drug development, reduce the burden on resources, and also contribute to animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Haraya
- a Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Synapse , Singapore
| | | | - Junichi Nezu
- a Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd , Synapse , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Igawa T, Haraya K, Hattori K. Sweeping antibody as a novel therapeutic antibody modality capable of eliminating soluble antigens from circulation. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:132-51. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shizuoka Japan
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd.; Synapse Singapore
| | - Kunihiro Hattori
- Research Division; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shizuoka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haraya K, Tachibana T, Iwayanagi Y, Maeda A, Ozeki K, Nezu J, Ishigai M, Igawa T. PK/PD analysis of a novel pH-dependent antigen-binding antibody using a dynamic antibody-antigen binding model. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:123-32. [PMID: 26944099 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported novel engineered antibody with pH-dependent antigen-binding (recycling antibody), and with both pH-dependent antigen-binding and increased FcRn-binding at neutral pH (sweeping antibody). The purpose of this study is to perform PK/PD predictions to better understand the potential applications of the antibodies as therapeutics. To demonstrate the applicability of recycling and sweeping antibodies over conventional antibodies, PK/PD analyses were performed. PK/PD parameters for antibody and antigen dynamics were estimated from the results of a pharmacokinetic study in human FcRn transgenic mice. A simulation study was performed using the estimated PK/PD parameters with various target antigen profiles. In comparison to conventional antibody, recycling antibody enhanced antibody-antigen complex clearance by 3 folds, while sweeping antibody accelerated antigen clearance by 10 folds in a pharmacokinetic study. Simulation results showed that recycling and sweeping antibodies can improve dosage frequency and reduce the required dose for target antigens with various clearances, plasma concentrations or binding kinetics. Moreover, importance of the association rate constant to enhance the beneficial effect of antibodies was shown. These results support the conclusion that recycling and sweeping antibodies can be applied to various target antigens with different profiles, and expand the number of antigens that antibodies can target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Haraya
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-11 to 17 Synapse, 138623, Singapore.
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-11 to 17 Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Yuki Iwayanagi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Maeda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ozeki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-11 to 17 Synapse, 138623, Singapore
| | - Masaki Ishigai
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Deciphering the In Vivo Performance of a Monoclonal Antibody to Neutralize Its Soluble Target at the Site of Action in a Mouse Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model. Pharm Res 2015; 33:1040-9. [PMID: 26718954 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Study the disposition and target-neutralization capability of an anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) monoclonal antibody (mAb) at the joint in a mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. METHODS A mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study was conducted in a mouse CIA model using CNTO 345, a rat anti-mouse IL-6 mAb, as model compound. The drug, total/free IL-6 concentrations in both serum and joint lavage fluid were quantitatively assessed and compared to those in the normal control mice. RESULTS CNTO 345 exhibited higher clearance and significantly higher joint lavage/serum ratio in the CIA mice than in the normal control mice. The mAb concentrations in the joint lavage are approximately proportional to the serum concentrations at all the time points being examined. Dosing of CNTO 345 led to sustained free IL-6 suppression in both serum and joint lavage in a dose-dependent manner. A dose-dependent increase in total IL-6 was observed in serum, but not in the joint lavage fluid. Though no change in disease activity was observed following a single dose of anti-IL-6 mAb at peak of the disease, a dose-dependent decrease in serum amyloid A, a downstream biomarker of IL-6, was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study provided quantitative assessments of the distribution and target-neutralization capability of an anti-IL-6 mAb at the site of action in an animal disease model.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zheng S, McIntosh T, Wang W. Utility of free and total target measurements as target engagement and efficacy biomarkers in biotherapeutic development--opportunities and challenges. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 55 Suppl 3:S75-84. [PMID: 25707966 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For biotherapeutics directed against soluble targets, most often monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), their therapeutic efficacy theoretically is driven by the magnitude and duration of free target suppression. However, for soluble targets of rapid turnover and low abundance, it can be technically challenging to directly measure the lowering of free target following treatment with biologics. The opportunities, challenges, and practical approaches to assess free and bound soluble targets and the utility of free and bound target measurements as biomarkers for target engagement and efficacy are covered in this review. In particular, case examples are presented to illustrate the interplay between drug and free/bound target, and how an integrated bioanalytical and pharmacokinetic/target engagement/pharmacodynamic (PK/TE/PD) modeling approach can be used to assess the target engagement for biologics directed against soluble targets with rapid turnover. Important caveats of the modeling approach in the absence of free target measurements are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songmao Zheng
- Biologics Clinical Pharmacology, Janssen R&D, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19438, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessments of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics are an integral part in the development of novel therapeutic agents. Compared with traditional small molecule drugs, therapeutic proteins possess many distinct PK/PD features that necessitate the application of modified or separate approaches for assessing their PK/PD relationships. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss tools that are utilized to describe and predict the PK/PD features of therapeutic proteins and that are valuable additions in the armamentarium of drug development approaches to facilitate and accelerate their successful preclinical and clinical development. EXPERT OPINION A variety of state-of-the-art PK/PD tools is currently being applied and has been adjusted to support the development of proteins as therapeutics, including allometric scaling approaches, target-mediated disposition models, first-in-man dose calculations, physiologically based PK models and empirical and semi-mechanistic PK/PD modeling. With the advent of the next generation of biologics including bioengineered antibody constructs being developed, these tools will need to be further refined and adapted to ensure their applicability and successful facilitation of the drug development process for these novel scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Diao
- Biogen Idec, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics , Cambridge, MA , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mayer CL, Xie L, Bandekar R, Qi M, van de Velde H, Reddy M, Qin X, Davis HM, Puchalski TA. Dose selection of siltuximab for multicentric Castleman's disease. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:1037-45. [PMID: 25784388 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Siltuximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to interleukin (IL)-6 with high affinity and specificity; C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein induced by IL-6. CRP suppression is an indirect measurement of IL-6 activity. Here, modeling and simulation of the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship between siltuximab and CRP were used to support dose selection for multicentric Castleman's disease (CD). METHODS PK/PD modeling was applied to explore the relationship between siltuximab PK and CRP suppression following intravenous siltuximab infusion in 47 patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 17), multiple myeloma (n = 13), or CD (n = 17). Siltuximab was administered as 2.8, 5.5, or 11 mg/kg q2wks, 11 mg/kg q3wks, or 5.5 mg/kg weekly. Simulations of studied or hypothetical siltuximab dosage regimens (15 mg/kg q4wks) were also performed to evaluate maintenance of CRP suppression below the cutoff value of 1 mg/L. RESULTS A two-compartment PK model and an inhibitory indirect response PD model adequately described the serum siltuximab and CRP concentration-time profiles simultaneously. PD parameter estimates were physiologically plausible. For all disease types, simulations showed that 11 mg/kg q3wks or 15 mg/kg q4wks would reduce serum CRP to below 1 mg/L after the second dose and throughout the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS PK/PD modeling was used to select doses for further development of siltuximab in multicentric CD. The dosing recommendation was also supported by the observed efficacy dose-response relationship. CRP suppression in the subsequent randomized multicentric CD study was in agreement with the modeling predictions.
Collapse
|
34
|
The Development of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: Overview of the Nonclinical Safety Assessment. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2015; 19:2. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-014-0472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
Orthogonal tools to help determine the required selectivity of ligand-binding assays in drug development. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:1037-40. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|