1
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Pang ASR, Dinesh T, Pang NYL, Dinesh V, Pang KYL, Yong CL, Lee SJJ, Yip GW, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for the Targeted Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Molecules 2024; 29:2873. [PMID: 38930939 PMCID: PMC11206617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The precise evaluation of the extent of an atherosclerotic plaque is essential for forecasting its likelihood of causing health concerns and tracking treatment outcomes. When compared to conventional methods used, nanoparticles offer clear benefits and excellent development opportunities for the detection and characterisation of susceptible atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we analyse the recent advancements of nanoparticles as theranostics in the management of atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on applications in drug delivery. Furthermore, the main issues that must be resolved in order to advance clinical utility and future developments of NP research are discussed. It is anticipated that medical NPs will develop into complex and advanced next-generation nanobotics that can carry out a variety of functions in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shao-Rong Pang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (A.S.-R.P.); (N.Y.-L.P.); (C.L.Y.)
| | - Tarini Dinesh
- Department of Medicine, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai 600010, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Natalie Yan-Lin Pang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (A.S.-R.P.); (N.Y.-L.P.); (C.L.Y.)
| | - Vishalli Dinesh
- Department of Pathology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College Hospital, Perambalur 621113, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Kimberley Yun-Lin Pang
- Division of Medicine, South Australia Health, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia; (K.Y.-L.P.); (S.J.J.L.)
| | - Cai Ling Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (A.S.-R.P.); (N.Y.-L.P.); (C.L.Y.)
| | - Shawn Jia Jun Lee
- Division of Medicine, South Australia Health, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5112, Australia; (K.Y.-L.P.); (S.J.J.L.)
| | - George W. Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (G.W.Y.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (G.W.Y.); (B.H.B.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore; (G.W.Y.); (B.H.B.)
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2
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Zeng H, Liang X, Roberts DA, Gillies ER, Müllner M. Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Bottlebrush Copolymers into Degradable Nanodiscs with a UV-Triggered Self-Immolation Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318881. [PMID: 38320963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Polymer nanodiscs, especially with stimuli-responsive features, represent an unexplored frontier in the nanomaterial landscape. Such 2D nanomaterials are considered highly promising for advanced biomedicine applications. Herein, we designed a rod-coil copolymer architecture based on an amphiphilic, tadpole-like bottlebrush copolymer, which can directly self-assemble into core-shell nanodiscs in an aqueous environment. As the bottlebrush side chains are made of amorphous, UV-responsive poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (PEtG) chains, they can undergo rapid end-to-end self-immolation upon light irradiation. This triggered nanodisc disassembly can be used to boost small molecule release from the nanodisc core, which is further aided by a morphological change from discs to spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zeng
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, N6A 5B7, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Brisson ERL, Worthington MJH, Kerai S, Müllner M. Nanoscale polymer discs, toroids and platelets: a survey of their syntheses and potential applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1984-2021. [PMID: 38173417 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01114f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer self-assembly has become a reliable and versatile workhorse to produce polymeric nanomaterials. With appropriate polymer design and monomer selection, polymers can assemble into shapes and morphologies beyond well-studied spherical and cylindrical micellar structures. Steadfast access to anisotropic polymer nanoparticles has meant that the fabrication and application of 2D soft matter has received increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we focus on nanoscale polymer discs, toroids, and platelets: three morphologies that are often interrelated and made from similar starting materials or common intermediates. For each morphology, we illustrate design rules, and group and discuss commonly used self-assembly strategies. We further highlight polymer compositions, fundamental principles and self-assembly conditions that enable precision in bottom-up fabrication strategies. Finally, we summarise potential applications of such nanomaterials, especially in the context of biomedical research and template chemistry and elaborate on future endeavours in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R L Brisson
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Max J H Worthington
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Simran Kerai
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia.
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia.
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia
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4
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Wang L, Quine S, Frickenstein AN, Lee M, Yang W, Sheth VM, Bourlon MD, He Y, Lyu S, Garcia-Contreras L, Zhao YD, Wilhelm S. Exploring and Analyzing the Systemic Delivery Barriers for Nanoparticles. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34:2308446. [PMID: 38828467 PMCID: PMC11142462 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202308446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Most nanomedicines require efficient in vivo delivery to elicit diagnostic and therapeutic effects. However, en route to their intended tissues, systemically administered nanoparticles often encounter delivery barriers. To describe these barriers, we propose the term "nanoparticle blood removal pathways" (NBRP), which summarizes the interactions between nanoparticles and the body's various cell-dependent and cell-independent blood clearance mechanisms. We reviewed nanoparticle design and biological modulation strategies to mitigate nanoparticle-NBRP interactions. As these interactions affect nanoparticle delivery, we studied the preclinical literature from 2011-2021 and analyzed nanoparticle blood circulation and organ biodistribution data. Our findings revealed that nanoparticle surface chemistry affected the in vivo behavior more than other nanoparticle design parameters. Combinatory biological-PEG surface modification improved the blood area under the curve by ~418%, with a decrease in liver accumulation of up to 47%. A greater understanding of nanoparticle-NBRP interactions and associated delivery trends will provide new nanoparticle design and biological modulation strategies for safer, more effective, and more efficient nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Skyler Quine
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Alex N. Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Wen Yang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Vinit M. Sheth
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Margaret D. Bourlon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73117, USA
| | - Yuxin He
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Shanxin Lyu
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Lucila Garcia-Contreras
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73117, USA
| | - Yan D. Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73012, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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5
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Lovegrove JT, Kent B, Förster S, Garvey CJ, Stenzel MH. The flow of anisotropic nanoparticles in solution and in blood. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220075. [PMID: 38264690 PMCID: PMC10742203 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The alignment of anisotropic nanoparticles in flow has been used for a range of applications such as the preparation of strong fibres and the assembly of in-plane aligned 1D-nanoobjects that are used for electronic devices, sensors, energy and biological application. Important is also the flow behaviour of nanoparticles that were designed for nanomedical applications such as drug delivery. It is widely observed that non-spherical nanoparticles have longer circulation times and a more favourable biodistribution. To be able to understand this behaviour, researchers have turned to analyzing the flow of non-spherical nanoparticles in the blood stream. In this review, an overview of microfluidic techniques that are used to monitor the alignment of anisotropic nanoparticles in solution will be provided, which includes analysis by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and polarized light microscopy. The flow of these nanoparticles in blood is then discussed as the presence of red blood cells causes margination of some nanoparticles. Using fluorescence microscopy, the extent of margination can be identified, which coincides with the ability of nanoparticles to adhere to the cells grown along the wall. While these studies are mainly carried out in vitro using blood, initial investigations in vivo were able to confirm the unusual flow of anisotropic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Thomas Lovegrove
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular DesignSchool of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ben Kent
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular DesignSchool of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz FRM II and Physik Department E13Technische Universität MünchenGarchingGermany
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular DesignSchool of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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6
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Candido SL, Siri M, Achilli E, Moreno JC, Lillo C, Risso PH, Bodycomb J, Martínez L, Montanari J, Alonso SDV, Alvira FC. Rheological, Physical, and Spectroscopical Characterization of Gamma-Irradiated Albumin Nanoparticles Loaded with Anthocyanin. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37289558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the main active compounds in blueberry. However, they have poor oxidation stability. If anthocyanins are encapsulated in protein nanoparticles, their oxidation resistance could be increased as a result of the slowing down of the oxidation process. This work describes the advantages of using a γ-irradiated bovine serum albumin nanoparticle bound to anthocyanins. The interaction was characterized biophysically, mainly by rheology. By computational calculation and simulation based on model nanoparticles, we estimated the number of molecules forming the albumin nanoparticles, which allowed us to infer the ratio of anthocyanin/nanoparticles. Measurements by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ potential, electron transmission microscopy, and rheology at room (25 °C) and physiological (37 °C) temperatures were performed. The spectroscopy measurements allowed identifying additional hydrophobic sites created during the irradiation process of the nanoparticle. On the basis of the rheological studies, it was observed that the BSA-NP trend is a Newtonian flow behavior type for all the temperatures selected, and there is a direct correlation between dynamic viscosity and temperature values. Furthermore, when anthocyanins are added, the system increases its resistance to the flow as reflected in the morphological changes observed by TEM, thus confirming the relationship between viscosity values and aggregate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia L Candido
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMBICE, CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, GBEyB, Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Calle 526 y Camino Belgrano, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Macarena Siri
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMBICE, CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, GBEyB, Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Calle 526 y Camino Belgrano, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Achilli
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMBICE, CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, GBEyB, Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Calle 526 y Camino Belgrano, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan C Moreno
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnolágicas, Argentina, Godoy Cruz 2290, 1425 Ciudad Autánoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Tecnología y Administracián, Ingeniería en Informática, Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, España 350, 1870 Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Lillo
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teáricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Diagonal 113 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia H Risso
- UNR Departamento de Química Física, Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jeffrey Bodycomb
- Horiba Instruments, Inc., 9755 Research Dr., Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Luis Martínez
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMBICE, CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, GBEyB, Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Calle 526 y Camino Belgrano, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jorge Montanari
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMBICE, CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, GBEyB, Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Calle 526 y Camino Belgrano, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Laboratorio de Nanosistemas y Aplicacián Biotecnolágica (LANSAB), Teniente Origone 151, Villa Tesei 1688, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Del V Alonso
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMBICE, CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, GBEyB, Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Calle 526 y Camino Belgrano, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando C Alvira
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Dpto. de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Roque Saenz Peña 352, 1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMBICE, CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP-CICPBA, GBEyB, Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Calle 526 y Camino Belgrano, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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7
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Potrč T, Kralj S, Nemec S, Kocbek P, Erdani Kreft M. The shape anisotropy of magnetic nanoparticles: an approach to cell-type selective and enhanced internalization. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8611-8618. [PMID: 37114487 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06965b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the shape anisotropy of nanoparticles on cellular uptake is still poorly understood due to challenges in the synthesis of anisotropic magnetic nanoparticles of the same composition. Here, we design and synthesize spherical magnetic nanoparticles and their anisotropic assemblies, namely magnetic nanochains (length ∼800 nm). Then, nanoparticle shape anisotropy is investigated on urothelial cells in vitro. Although both shapes of nanomaterials reveal biocompatibility, we havefound significant differences in the extent of their intracellular accumulation. Contrary to spherical particles, anisotropic nanochains preferentially accumulate in cancer cells as confirmed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, indicating that control of the nanoparticle shape geometry governs cell-type-selective intracellular uptake and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Potrč
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Nanos SCI, Nanos Scientificae d.o.o., Teslova 30, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Nemec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Kocbek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Lovegrove JT, Raveendran R, Spicer P, Förster S, Garvey CJ, Stenzel MH. Margination of 2D Platelet Microparticles in Blood. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:344-349. [PMID: 36821525 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Margination describes the movement of particles toward the endothelial wall within blood vessels. While there have been several studies tracking the margination of spherical particles in blood, the behavior of anisotropic particle shapes is not well described. In this study 2D platelet particles which possess many attractive qualities for use as a drug delivery system, with their high surface area allowing for increased surface binding activity, were directly monitored and margination quantified. The margination propensity of 1 and 2 μm 2D platelet particles was contrasted to that of 2 μm spherical particles at apparent wall shear rates (WSRs) of 50, 100, and 200 s-1 by both directly tracking labeled particles using fluorescent microscopy as well as using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). For fluorescence studies, margination was quantified using the margination parameter M, which describes the number of particles found closest to the walls of a microfluidic device, with an M-value of 0.2 indicating no margination. Increased margination was seen in 2D platelet particles when compared to spherical particles tested at all flow rates, with M-values of 0.39 and 0.31 seen for 1 and 2 μm 2D platelet particles, respectively, while 2 μm spherical particles had an M-value of 0.21. Similarly, margination was observed qualitatively using SAXS, with increased scattering seen for platelet particles near the microfluidic channel wall. For all particles, increased margination was seen at increasing shear rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Thomas Lovegrove
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Radhika Raveendran
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Patrick Spicer
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stephan Förster
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, JCNS-1, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- Technische Universität München, Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II and Physik Department E13, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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9
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Bahreyni A, Mohamud Y, Luo H. Recent advancements in immunotherapy of melanoma using nanotechnology-based strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114243. [PMID: 36641926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor that accounts for the deadliest form of skin cancers. Despite the significant efforts made recently for development of immunotherapeutic strategies including using immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines, the clinical outcomes are unsatisfying. Different factors affect efficient cancer immunotherapy such as side-effects, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and tumor heterogeneity. In the past decades, various nanotechnology-based approaches have been developed to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, in addition to diminishing the toxicity associated with it. Several studies have shown that proper application of nanomaterials can revolutionize the outcome of immunotherapy in diverse melanoma models. This review summarizes the recent advancement in the integration of nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy in melanoma treatment. The importance of nanomaterials and their therapeutic advantages for patients with melanoma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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10
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Alshareeda AT, Nur Khatijah MZ, Al-Sowayan BS. Nanotechnology: A revolutionary approach to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:13-17. [PMID: 35361551 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide and one of the deadliest after lung cancer. Currently, standard treatment approaches for breast cancers are surgery accompanied by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Cancer local recurrence after mastectomy is commonly considered as being a poor prognostic predictor. There have been advancements in the procedures utilized for breast reconstruction following mastectomy, much as there have been advancements in the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. For the last decade, developing nanotechnology applications for cancer therapies has had much focus. The benefits granted by nanotechnologies via enhancing biological processes and promoting better biomaterial compatibility, as well as generating functionalized tissues, transpire exciting possibilities. Modified nanomedicine may introduce tremendous improvements to the fields of breast cancer recurrence through implants. It can modify the surfaces of implants to optimize tissue growth, thus minimizing inflammation and unsatisfactory results. Here we discuss new nanotechnology advancements and incorporate them into breast reconstruction surgeries following mastectomy or lumpectomy. In addtion, we repurpose old technologies, like growth factor therapies using nanotechnology for more efficient delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa T Alshareeda
- The Saudi Biobank Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Z Nur Khatijah
- Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Batla S Al-Sowayan
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Cellular Therapy and Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Sadeqi Nezhad M. Poly (beta-amino ester) as an in vivo nanocarrier for therapeutic nucleic acids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:95-113. [PMID: 36266918 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nucleic acids are an emerging class of therapy for treating various diseases through immunomodulation, protein replacement, gene editing, and genetic engineering. However, they need a vector to effectively and safely reach the target cells. Most gene and cell therapies rely on ex vivo gene delivery, which is laborious, time-consuming, and costly; therefore, devising a systematic vector for effective and safe in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids is required to target the cells of interest in an efficient manner. Synthetic nanoparticle vector poly beta amino ester (PBAE), a class of degradable polymer, is a promising candidate for in vivo gene delivery. PBAE is considered the most potent in vivo vector due to its excellent transfection performance and biodegradability. PBAE nanoparticles showed tunable charge density, diverse structural characteristics, excellent encapsulation capacity, high stability, stimuli-responsive release, site-specific delivery, potent binding to nucleic acids, flexible binding ability to various conjugates, and effective endosomal escape. These unique properties of PBAE are an essential contribution to in vivo gene delivery. The current review discusses each of the components used for PBAE synthesis and the impact of various environmental and physicochemical factors of the body on PBAE nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sadeqi Nezhad
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Translational Biomedical Science Department, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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12
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu Y. The Regulation of Micro-Organisms' Extra-Cellular Polysaccharides on Immunity: A Meta-Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131949. [PMID: 35804765 PMCID: PMC9265815 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-cellular polysaccharides (EPSs) have excellent immunomodulatory functions. In order to further promote their application, we studied the ability of extra-cellular polysaccharides from different sources to regulate immunity. We studied the association of extra-cellular polysaccharides with immune factors (Interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10), Interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), and Immunoglobulin G (IgG)) and different concentrations of EPSs and interfering media on experimental results by using a forest plot under fixed-effect or random-effects models. Through Google, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Medline, from 2000 to 2021, 12 articles were included. We found that exopolysaccharides (from bacteria or fungi) could significantly increase the immune index of spleen and thymus, spleen index (SMD: 2.11, ‘95%CI: [1.15, 3.08]’; p < 0.01), and thymus index (SMD: 1.62, ‘95%CI: [0.93, 2.32]’; p = 0.01 < 0.05). In addition, exopolysaccharides had a significant effect on TNF-α (SMD: 0.94, ‘95%CI: [0.29, 1.59]’; p = 0.01 < 0.05). For IL-4 (SMD: 0.49, ‘95%CI: [0.01, 0.98]’; p = 0.046 < 0.05), extra-cellular polysaccharides had a statistically significant effect on immunity. Although the data of other immune factors were not ideal, the comprehensive analysis showed that exopolysaccharides also had an effect on the release of these five immune factors. In the sub-group analysis, different concentrations of EPSs affected the results of experiments on the spleen and thymus, and the CY intervention had a relatively significant effect on immune regulation. Taken together, our study highlighted that EPSs have a significant impact on immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yirui Chen
- Department of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Lopez-Cazares G, Eniola-Adefeso O. Dual Coating of Chitosan and Albumin Negates the Protein Corona-Induced Reduced Vascular Adhesion of Targeted PLGA Microparticles in Human Blood. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051018. [PMID: 35631604 PMCID: PMC9143524 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular-targeted carriers (VTCs) have the potential to localize therapeutics and imaging agents to inflamed, diseased sites. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a negatively charged copolymer commonly used to construct VTCs due to its biodegradability and FDA approval. Unfortunately, PLGA VTCs experienced reduced adhesion to inflamed endothelium in the presence of human plasma proteins. In this study, PLGA microparticles were coated with chitosan (CS), human serum albumin (HSA), or both (HSA-CS) to improve adhesion. The binding of sialyl Lewis A (a ligand for E-selectin)-targeted PLGA, HSA-PLGA, CSPLGA, and HSA-CSPLGA to activated endothelial cells was evaluated in red blood cells in buffer or plasma flow conditions. PLGA VTCs with HSA-only coating showed improvement and experienced 35–52% adhesion in plasma compared to plasma-free buffer conditions across all shear rates. PLGA VTCs with dual coating—CS and HSA—maintained 80% of their adhesion after exposure to plasma at low and intermediate shears and ≈50% at high shear. Notably, the protein corona characterization showed increases at the 75 and 150 kDa band intensities for HSA-PLGA and HSA-CSPLGA, which could correlate to histidine-rich glycoprotein and immunoglobulin G. The changes in protein corona on HSA-coated particles seem to positively influence particle binding, emphasizing the importance of understanding plasma protein–particle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesis Lopez-Cazares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-936-0856
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14
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Hussain SI, Mair LO, Willis AJ, Papavasiliou G, Liu B, Weinberg IN, Engelhard HH. Parallel Multichannel Assessment of Rotationally Manipulated Magnetic Nanoparticles. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2022; 15:1-15. [PMID: 35469141 PMCID: PMC9034901 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s358931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotational manipulation of chains or clusters of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offers a means for directed translation and payload delivery that should be explored for clinical use. Multiple MNP types are available, yet few studies have performed side-by-side comparisons to evaluate characteristics such as velocity, movement at a distance, and capacity for drug conveyance or dispersion. Purpose Our goal was to design, build, and study an electric device allowing simultaneous, multichannel testing (e.g., racing) of MNPs in response to a rotating magnetic field. We would then select the “best” MNP and use it with optimized device settings, to transport an unbound therapeutic agent. Methods A magnetomotive system was constructed, with a Helmholtz pair of coils on either side of a single perpendicular coil, on top of which was placed an acrylic tray having multiple parallel lanes. Five different MNPs were tested: graphene-coated cobalt MNPs (TurboBeads™), nickel nanorods, gold-iron alloy MNPs, gold-coated Fe3O4 MNPs, and uncoated Fe3O4 MNPs. Velocities were determined in response to varying magnetic field frequencies (5–200 Hz) and heights (0–18 cm). Velocities were normalized to account for minor lane differences. Doxorubicin was chosen as the therapeutic agent, assayed using a CLARIOstar Plus microplate reader. Results The MMS generated a maximal MNP velocity of 0.9 cm/s. All MNPs encountered a “critical” frequency at 20–30 Hz. Nickel nanorods had the optimal response based on tray height and were then shown to enable unbound doxorubicin dispersion along 10.5 cm in <30 sec. Conclusion A rotating magnetic field can be conveniently generated using a three-coil electromagnetic device, and used to induce rotational and translational movement of MNP aggregates over mesoscale distances. The responses of various MNPs can be compared side-by-side using multichannel acrylic trays to assess suitability for drug delivery, highlighting their potential for further in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed I Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.,NanoMagnetic Therapeutics Corp., Wilmette, IL, USA
| | - Lamar O Mair
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander J Willis
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- IMRA America, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,NanoMagnetic Therapeutics Corp., Wilmette, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections: An Evolution of Technologies towards Accurate and Rapid Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040511. [PMID: 35453262 PMCID: PMC9029869 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a leading cause of death worldwide. The lack of timely and reliable diagnostic practices is an ongoing issue for managing BSI. The current gold standard blood culture practice for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing is time-consuming. Delayed diagnosis warrants the use of empirical antibiotics, which could lead to poor patient outcomes, and risks the development of antibiotic resistance. Hence, novel techniques that could offer accurate and timely diagnosis and susceptibility testing are urgently needed. This review focuses on BSI and highlights both the progress and shortcomings of its current diagnosis. We surveyed clinical workflows that employ recently approved technologies and showed that, while offering improved sensitivity and selectivity, these techniques are still unable to deliver a timely result. We then discuss a number of emerging technologies that have the potential to shorten the overall turnaround time of BSI diagnosis through direct testing from whole blood—while maintaining, if not improving—the current assay’s sensitivity and pathogen coverage. We concluded by providing our assessment of potential future directions for accelerating BSI pathogen identification and the antibiotic susceptibility test. While engineering solutions have enabled faster assay turnaround, further progress is still needed to supplant blood culture practice and guide appropriate antibiotic administration for BSI patients.
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16
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Real-time visualization of morphology-dependent self-motion of hyaluronic acid nanomaterials in water. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121172. [PMID: 34627996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to target sites is often limited by inefficient particle transport through biological media. Herein, motion behaviors of spherical and nonspherical nanomaterials composed of hyaluronic acid were studied in water using real-time multiple particle tracking technology. The two types of nanomaterials have comparable surface compositions and surface potentials, and they have equivalent diameters. The analysis of nanomaterial trajectories revealed that particles with flattened morphology and a high aspect ratio, designated nanoplatelets, exhibited more linear trajectories and faster diffusion in water than nanospheres. Fitting the plots of mean square displacement vs. time scale suggests that nanoplatelets exhibited hyperdiffusive behavior, which is similar to the motion of living microorganisms. Furthermore, at 37 °C, the surface explored by a nanoplatelet was up to 33-fold higher than that explored by a nanosphere. This investigation on morphology-dependent self-motion of nanomaterials could have a significant impact on drug delivery applications by increasing particle transport through biological media.
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17
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Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Current Approaches and Perspective. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112792. [PMID: 34835555 PMCID: PMC8619332 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy has partial therapeutic effects against hematological malignancies and is correlated with serious side effects and great risk of relapse. Recently, immunotherapeutic drugs have provided encouraging results in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Several immunotherapeutic antibodies and cell therapeutics are in dynamic development such as immune checkpoint blockades and CAR-T treatment. However, numerous problems restrain the therapeutic effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy as an insufficient anti-tumor immune response, the interference of an immune-suppressive bone marrow, or tumoral milieu with the discharge of immunosuppressive components, access of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, monocyte intrusion, macrophage modifications, all factors facilitating the tumor to escape the anti-cancer immune response, finally reducing the efficiency of the immunotherapy. Nanotechnology can be employed to overcome each of these aspects, therefore having the possibility to successfully produce anti-cancer immune responses. Here, we review recent findings on the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles in hematological malignancies immunotherapy. In the future, a deeper understanding of tumor immunology and of the implications of nanomedicine will allow nanoparticles to revolutionize tumor immunotherapy, and nanomedicine approaches will reveal their great potential for clinical translation.
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18
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Surface loading of nanoparticles on engineered or natural erythrocytes for prolonged circulation time: strategies and applications. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1040-1054. [PMID: 33772141 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano drug-delivery systems (DDS) may significantly improve efficiency and reduce toxicity of loaded drugs, but a few nano-DDS are highly successful in clinical use. Unprotected nanoparticles in blood flow are often quickly cleared, which could limit their circulation time and drug delivery efficiency. Elongating their blood circulation time may improve their delivery efficiency or grant them new therapeutic possibilities. Erythrocytes are abundant endogenous cells in blood and are continuously renewed, with a long life span of 100-120 days. Hence, loading nanoparticles on the surface of erythrocytes to protect the nanoparticles could be highly effective for enhancing their in vivo circulation time. One of the key questions here is how to properly attach nanoparticles on erythrocytes for different purposes and different types of nanoparticles to achieve ideal results. In this review, we describe various methods to attach nanoparticles and drugs to the erythrocyte surface, and discuss the key factors that influence the stability and circulation properties of the erythrocytes-based delivery system in vivo. These data show that using erythrocytes as a host for nanoparticles possesses great potential for further development.
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19
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Zamay TN, Prokopenko VS, Zamay SS, Lukyanenko KA, Kolovskaya OS, Orlov VA, Zamay GS, Galeev RG, Narodov AA, Kichkailo AS. Magnetic Nanodiscs-A New Promising Tool for Microsurgery of Malignant Neoplasms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1459. [PMID: 34072903 PMCID: PMC8227103 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetomechanical therapy is one of the most perspective directions in tumor microsurgery. According to the analysis of recent publications, it can be concluded that a nanoscalpel could become an instrument sufficient for cancer microsurgery. It should possess the following properties: (1) nano- or microsized; (2) affinity and specificity to the targets on tumor cells; (3) remote control. This nano- or microscalpel should include at least two components: (1) a physical nanostructure (particle, disc, plates) with the ability to transform the magnetic moment to mechanical torque; (2) a ligand-a molecule (antibody, aptamer, etc.) allowing the scalpel precisely target tumor cells. Literature analysis revealed that the most suitable nanoscalpel structures are anisotropic, magnetic micro- or nanodiscs with high-saturation magnetization and the absence of remanence, facilitating scalpel remote control via the magnetic field. Additionally, anisotropy enhances the transmigration of the discs to the tumor. To date, four types of magnetic microdiscs have been used for tumor destruction: synthetic antiferromagnetic P-SAF (perpendicular) and SAF (in-plane), vortex Py, and three-layer non-magnetic-ferromagnet-non-magnetic systems with flat quasi-dipole magnetic structures. In the current review, we discuss the biological effects of magnetic discs, the mechanisms of action, and the toxicity in alternating or rotating magnetic fields in vitro and in vivo. Based on the experimental data presented in the literature, we conclude that the targeted and remotely controlled magnetic field nanoscalpel is an effective and safe instrument for cancer therapy or theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N. Zamay
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenecky, 660029 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.N.Z.); (K.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (G.S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Prokopenko
- Institute of Physics and Informatics, Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, 660049 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Sergey S. Zamay
- Molecular Electronics Department, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Kirill A. Lukyanenko
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenecky, 660029 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.N.Z.); (K.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (G.S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga S. Kolovskaya
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenecky, 660029 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.N.Z.); (K.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (G.S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Orlov
- School of Engineering Physics and Radio Electronics, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50, bld. 38, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina S. Zamay
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenecky, 660029 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.N.Z.); (K.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (G.S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Andrey A. Narodov
- Traumatology Orthopedics and Neurosurgery Department, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenecky, 660029 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Anna S. Kichkailo
- Laboratory for Biomolecular and Medical Technologies, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenecky, 660029 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (T.N.Z.); (K.A.L.); (O.S.K.); (G.S.Z.)
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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20
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Mushtaq A, Li L, A A, Grøndahl L. Chitosan Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy: Targeted Delivery and Cellular Uptake. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100005. [PMID: 33738977 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has gained much attention for the management and treatment of cancers due to the distinctive physicochemical properties of the drug-loaded particles. Chitosan's cationic nature is attractive for the development of such particles for drug delivery, transfection, and controlled release. The particle properties can be improved by modification of the polymer or the particle themselves. The physicochemical properties of chitosan particles are analyzed in 126 recent studies, which allows to highlight their impact on passive and active targeted drug delivery, cellular uptake, and tumor growth inhibition (TGI). From 2012 to 2019, out of 40 in vivo studies, only 4 studies are found reporting a reduction in tumor size by using chitosan particles while all other studies reported tumor growth inhibition relative to controls. A total of 23 studies are analyzed for cellular uptake including 12 studies reporting cellular uptake mechanisms. Understanding and exploiting the processes involved in targeted delivery, endocytosis, and exocytosis by controlling the physicochemical properties of chitosan particles are important for the development of safe and efficient nanomedicine. It is concluded based on the recent literature available on chitosan particles that combination therapies can play a pivotal role in transformation of chitosan nanomedicine from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Mushtaq
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of College and Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Anitha A
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lisbeth Grøndahl
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Building 68, Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Corner of College and Cooper Road, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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21
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Abumrad NA, Cabodevilla AG, Samovski D, Pietka T, Basu D, Goldberg IJ. Endothelial Cell Receptors in Tissue Lipid Uptake and Metabolism. Circ Res 2021; 128:433-450. [PMID: 33539224 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid uptake and metabolism are central to the function of organs such as heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Although most heart energy derives from fatty acids (FAs), excess lipid accumulation can cause cardiomyopathy. Similarly, high delivery of cholesterol can initiate coronary artery atherosclerosis. Hearts and arteries-unlike liver and adrenals-have nonfenestrated capillaries and lipid accumulation in both health and disease requires lipid movement from the circulation across the endothelial barrier. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo findings on the importance of endothelial cell receptors and uptake pathways in regulating FAs and cholesterol uptake in normal physiology and cardiovascular disease. We highlight clinical and experimental data on the roles of ECs in lipid supply to tissues, heart, and arterial wall in particular, and how this affects organ metabolism and function. Models of FA uptake into ECs suggest that receptor-mediated uptake predominates at low FA concentrations, such as during fasting, whereas FA uptake during lipolysis of chylomicrons may involve paracellular movement. Similarly, in the setting of an intact arterial endothelial layer, recent and historic data support a role for receptor-mediated processes in the movement of lipoproteins into the subarterial space. We conclude with thoughts on the need to better understand endothelial lipid transfer for fuller comprehension of the pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia, and lipotoxic diseases such as some forms of cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Ainara G Cabodevilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
| | - Dmitri Samovski
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Terri Pietka
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO (N.A.A., D.S., T.P.)
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (A.G.C., D.B., I.J.G.)
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22
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Amani A, Shamloo A, Barzegar S, Forouzandehmehr M. Effect of Material and Population on the Delivery of Nanoparticles to an Atherosclerotic Plaque: A Patient-specific In Silico Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1551-1562. [PMID: 33465311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the prevalent reason of mortality all around the world. Targeting CAD, specifically atherosclerosis, with controlled delivery of micro and nanoparticles, as drug carriers, is a very proficient approach. In this work, a patient-specific and realistic model of an atherosclerotic plaque in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was created by image-processing of CT-scan images and implementing a finite-element mesh. Next, a fluid-solid interaction simulation considering the physiological boundary conditions was conducted. By considering the simulated force fields and particle-particle interactions, the correlation between injected particles at each cardiac cycle and the surface density of adhered particles over the atherosclerotic plaque (SDP) were examined. For large particles (800 and 1000 nm) the amount of SDP on the plaque increased significantly when the number of the injected particles became higher. However, by increasing the number of the injected particles, for the larger particles (800 and 1000 nm) the increase in SDP was about 50% greater than that of the smaller ones (400 and 600 nm). Furthermore, for constant number of particles, depending on their size, different trends in SDP were observed. Subsequently, the distribution and adhesion of metal-based nanoparticles including SiO2, Fe3O4, NiO2, silver and gold with different properties were simulated. The injection of metal particles with medium density among the considered particles resulted in the highest SDP. Remarkably, the affinity, the geometrical features, and the biophysical factors involved in the adhesion outweighed the effect of difference in the density of particles on the SDP. Finally, the consideration of the lift force in the simulations significantly reduced the SDP and consistently decreased the particle residence time in the studied domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
| | - Saeid Barzegar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
| | - Mohamadamin Forouzandehmehr
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9567, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33520, Finland
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Contributions of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria as biotechnological tools in food, pharmaceutical, and medical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:79-89. [PMID: 33482209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are important bioproducts produced by some genera of lactic acid bacteria. EPS are famous for their shelf-life improving properties, techno-functional enhancing abilities in food and dairy industries, besides their beneficial health effects. Furthermore, exopolysaccharides have many prospective and well-established contributions in the field of drugs and diagnostic industry. In this review, classification of EPS produced by LAB was presented. Moreover, current and potential applications of EPS in food, dairy, baking industries, cereal-based, and functional products were described. Also, some clinical and pharmaceutical applications of EPS such as intelligent drug delivery systems (microsystems and nanosystems for sustained delivery), interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), anticancer drug-targeting, recombinant macromolecular biopharmaceuticals, gene delivery, tissue engineering, and role of EPS in diagnostics were highlighted. Finally, future prospects concerning enhancing EPS production, minimizing costs of their production, and exploring their contribution in further applications were discussed.
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Nasirmoghadas P, Mousakhani A, Behzad F, Beheshtkhoo N, Hassanzadeh A, Nikoo M, Mehrabi M, Kouhbanani MAJ. Nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapies: An innovative strategy. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3070. [PMID: 32829506 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been one of the most significant causes of mortality, worldwide. Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a competent, cancer-fighting clinical strategy. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty of such treatments, costs, and off-target adverse effects, the implementation of cancer immunotherapy described by the antigen-presenting cell (APC) vaccine and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy ex vivo in large clinical trials have been limited. Nowadays, the nanoparticles theranostic system as a promising target-based modality provides new opportunities to improve cancer immunotherapy difficulties and reduce their adverse effects. Meanwhile, the appropriate engineering of nanoparticles taking into consideration nanoparticle characteristics, such as, size, shape, and surface features, as well as the use of these physicochemical properties for suitable biological interactions, provides new possibilities for the application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, we focus on the latest state-of-the-art nanoparticle-based antigen/adjuvant delivery vehicle strategies to professional APCs and engineering specific T lymphocyte required for improving the efficiency of tumor-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Nasirmoghadas
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Mousakhani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Behzad
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Helal Iran Pharmaceutical and Clinical Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Naud C, Thébault C, Carrière M, Hou Y, Morel R, Berger F, Diény B, Joisten H. Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles, a review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3632-3655. [PMID: 36132753 PMCID: PMC9419242 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles (TMMEP) is a growing field of research. The principle of this technique is to apply a mechanical force on cancer cells in order to destroy them thanks to magnetic particles vibrations. For this purpose, magnetic particles are injected in the tumor or exposed to cancer cells and a low-frequency alternating magnetic field is applied. This therapeutic approach is quite new and a wide range of treatment parameters are explored to date, as described in the literature. This review explains the principle of the technique, summarizes the parameters used by the different groups and reports the main in vitro and in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Naud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
- BrainTech Lab, U1205, INSERM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU-Grenoble France
| | | | - Marie Carrière
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Yanxia Hou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Robert Morel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
| | - François Berger
- BrainTech Lab, U1205, INSERM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CHU-Grenoble France
| | - Bernard Diény
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Hélène Joisten
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec 38000 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI 38000 Grenoble France
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Willis AJ, Pernal SP, Gaertner ZA, Lakka SS, Sabo ME, Creighton FM, Engelhard HH. Rotating Magnetic Nanoparticle Clusters as Microdevices for Drug Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4105-4123. [PMID: 32606667 PMCID: PMC7295537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s247985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) hold promise for enhancing delivery of therapeutic agents, either through direct binding or by functioning as miniature propellers. Fluid-filled conduits and reservoirs within the body offer avenues for MNP-enhanced drug delivery. MNP clusters can be rotated and moved across surfaces at clinically relevant distances in response to a rotating magnet. Limited data are available regarding issues affecting MNP delivery by this mechanism, such as adhesion to a cellular wall. Research reported here was initiated to better understand the fundamental principles important for successful implementation of rotational magnetic drug targeting (rMDT). METHODS Translational movements of four different iron oxide MNPs were tested, in response to rotation (3 Hz) of a neodymium-boron-iron permanent magnet. MNP clusters moved along biomimetic channels of a custom-made acrylic tray, by surface walking. The effects of different distances and cellular coatings on MNP velocity were analyzed using videography. Dyes (as drug surrogates) and the drug etoposide were transported by rotating MNPs along channels over a 10 cm distance. RESULTS MNP translational velocities could be predicted from magnetic separation times. Changes in distance or orientation from the magnet produced alterations in MNP velocities. Mean velocities of the fastest MNPs over HeLa, U251, U87, and E297 cells were 0.24 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.28 ± 0.01, and 0.18 ± 0.03 cm/sec, respectively. U138 cells showed marked MNP adherence and an 87.1% velocity reduction at 5.5 cm along the channel. Dye delivery helped visualize the effects of MNPs as microdevices for drug delivery. Dye delivery by MNP clusters was 21.7 times faster than by diffusion. MNPs successfully accelerated etoposide delivery, with retention of chemotherapeutic effect. CONCLUSION The in vitro system described here facilitates side-by-side comparisons of drug delivery by rotating MNP clusters, on a human scale. Such microdevices have the potential for augmenting drug delivery in a variety of clinical settings, as proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Willis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Sajani S Lakka
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Herbert H Engelhard
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zhang X, Zheng L, Luo M, Shu C, Wang E. Evaluation of particle shape, size and magnetic field intensity for targeted delivery efficiency and plaque injury in treating atherosclerosis. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shamloo A, Ebrahimi S, Amani A, Fallah F. Targeted Drug Delivery of Microbubble to Arrest Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development: A Simulation Study Towards Optimized Microbubble Design. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5393. [PMID: 32214205 PMCID: PMC7096410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an irreversible bulge in the artery with higher prevalence among the elderlies. Increase of the aneurysm diameter by time is a fatal phenomenon which will lead to its sidewall rupture. Invasive surgical treatments are vital in preventing from AAA development. These approaches however have considerable side effects. Targeted drug delivery using microbubbles (MBs) has been recently employed to suppress the AAA growth. The present study is aimed to investigate the surface adhesion of different types of drug-containing MBs to the inner wall of AAA through ligand-receptor binding, using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation by using a patient CT-scan images of the vascular system. The effect of blood flow through AAA on MBs delivery to the intended surface was also addressed. For this purpose, the adherence of four types of MBs with three different diameters to the inner surface wall of AAA was studied in a patient with 40-mm diameter aneurysm. The effects of the blood mechanical properties on the hematocrit (Hct) percentage of patients suffering from anemia and diabetes were studied. Moreover, the impact of variations in the artery inlet velocity on blood flow was addressed. Simulation results demonstrated the dependency of the surface density of MBs (SDM) adhered on the AAA lumen to the size and the type of MBs. It was observed that the amount of SDM due to adhesion on the AAA lumen for one of the commercially-approved MBs (Optison) with a diameter of 4.5 μm was higher than the other MBs. Furthermore, we have shown that the targeted drug delivery to the AAA lumen is more favorable in healthy individuals (45% Hct) compared to the patients with diabetes and anemia. Also, it was found that the targeted drug delivery method using MBs on the patients having AAA with complicated aneurysm shape and negative inlet blood flow velocity can be severely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Ebrahimi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Amani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Famida Fallah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Dogra P, Chuang YL, Butner JD, Cristini V, Wang Z. Development of a Physiologically-Based Mathematical Model for Quantifying Nanoparticle Distribution in Tumors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:2852-2855. [PMID: 31946487 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine holds promise for the treatment of cancer, as it enables tumor-targeted drug delivery. However, reports on translation of most nanomedicine strategies to the clinic so far have been less than satisfactory, in part due to insufficient understanding of the effects of nanoparticle (NP) physiochemical properties and physiological variables on their pharmacological behavior. In this paper, we present a multiscale mathematical model to examine the efficacy of NP delivery to solid tumors; as a case example, we apply the model to a clinically detectable primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to assess tissue-scale spatiotemporal distribution profiles of NPs. We integrate NP systemic disposition kinetics with NP-cell interactions in PDAC abstractly described as a two-dimensional structure, which is then parameterized with human physiological data obtained from published literature. Through model analysis of delivery efficiency, we verify the multiscale approach by showing that NP concentration kinetics of interest in various compartments predicted by the whole-body scale model were in agreement with those obtained from the tissue-scale model. We also found that more NPs were trapped in the outer well-perfused tumor region than the inner semi-necrotic domain. Further development of the model may provide a useful tool for optimal NP design and physiological interventions.
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30
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Emerging Prospects for Nanoparticle-Enabled Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9624532. [PMID: 32377541 PMCID: PMC7199570 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9624532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the standards for cancer treatment is cancer immunotherapy which treats both primary and metastasized tumors. Although cancer immunotherapeutics show better outcomes as compared with conventional approaches of cancer treatment, the currently used cancer immunotherapeutics have limited application in delivering cancer antigens to immune cells. Conversely, in solid tumors, tumor microenvironment suppresses the immune system leading to the evasion of anticancer immunity. Some promising attempts have been made to overcome these drawbacks by using different approaches, for instance, the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles. Accordingly, various studies involving the application of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy have been discussed in this review article. This review not only describes the modes of cancer immunotherapy to reveal the importance of nanoparticles in this modality but also narrates nanoparticle-mediated delivery of cancer antigens and therapeutic supplements. Moreover, the impact of nanoparticles on the immunosuppressive behavior of tumor environment has been discussed. The last part of this review deals with cancer immunotherapy using a combination of traditional interventional oncology approach and image-guided local immunotherapy against cancer. According to recent studies, cancer therapy can potentially be improved through nanoparticle-based immunotherapy. In addition, drawbacks associated with the currently used cancer immunotherapeutics can be fixed by using nanoparticles.
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31
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Diem AK, Valen-Sendstad K. Time-Lapsing Perfusion: Proof of Concept of a Novel Method to Study Drug Delivery in Whole Organs. Biophys J 2019; 117:2316-2323. [PMID: 31648790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfusion is one of the most important processes maintaining organ health. From a computational perspective, however, perfusion is among the least-studied physiological processes of the heart. The recent development of novel nanoparticle-based targeted cardiac therapy calls for novel simulation methods that can provide insights into the distribution patterns of therapeutic agents within the heart tissue. Additionally, resolving the distribution patterns of perfusion is crucial for gaining a full understanding of the long-term impacts of cardiovascular diseases that can lead to adverse remodeling such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure. In this study, we have developed and used a, to our knowledge, novel particle-tracking-based method to simulate the perfusion-mediated distribution of nanoparticles or other solutes. To model blood flow through perfused tissue, we follow the approach of others and treat the tissue as a porous medium in a continuum model. Classically, solutes are modeled using reaction-advection-diffusion kinetics. However, because of the discrepancy of scales between advection and diffusion in blood vessels, this method becomes practically numerically unstable. Instead, we track a bolus of solutes or nanoparticles using particle tracking based purely on advection in arteries. In capillaries, we employ diffusion kinetics, using an effective diffusion coefficient to mimic capillary blood flow. We first demonstrate the numerical validity and computational efficiency of this method on a two-dimensional benchmark problem. Finally, we demonstrate how the method is used to visualize perfusion patterns of a healthy and ischemic human left ventricle geometry. The efficiency of the method allows for nanoparticle tracking over multiple cardiac cycles using a conventional laptop, providing a framework for the simulation of experimentally relevant timeframes to advance preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Diem
- Department of Computational Physiology, Simula Research Laboratory, Fornebu, Norway.
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32
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Thakur V, Kutty RV. Recent advances in nanotheranostics for triple negative breast cancer treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:430. [PMID: 31661003 PMCID: PMC6819447 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex and aggressive type of breast cancer encountered world widely in women. Absence of hormonal receptors on breast cancer cells necessitates the chemotherapy as the only treatment regime. High propensity to metastasize and relapse in addition to poor prognosis and survival motivated the oncologist, nano-medical scientist to develop novel and efficient nanotherapies to solve such a big TNBC challenge. Recently, the focus for enhanced availability, targeted cellular uptake with minimal toxicity is achieved by nano-carriers. These smart nano-carriers carrying all the necessary arsenals (drugs, tracking probe, and ligand) designed in such a way that specifically targets the TNBC cells at site. Articulating the targeted delivery system with multifunctional molecules for high specificity, tracking, diagnosis, and treatment emerged as theranostic approach. In this review, in addition to classical treatment modalities, recent advances in nanotheranostics for early and effective diagnostic and treatment is discussed. This review highlighted the recently FDA approved immunotherapy and all the ongoing clinical trials for TNBC, in addition to nanoparticle assisted immunotherapy. Futuristic but realistic advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning not only improve early diagnosis but also assist clinicians for their workup in TNBC. The novel concept of Nanoparticles induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) as a way of tumor invasion is also discussed in addition to classical EPR effect. This review intends to provide basic insight and understanding of the novel nano-therapeutic modalities in TNBC diagnosis and treatment and to sensitize the readers for continue designing the novel nanomedicine. This is the first time that designing nanoparticles with stoichiometric definable number of antibodies per nanoparticle now represents the next level of precision by design in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Thakur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rajaletchumy Veloo Kutty
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology,University Malaysia Pahang, Tun Razak Highway, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
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Magnetic Accumulation of SPIONs under Arterial Flow Conditions: Effect of Serum and Red Blood Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142588. [PMID: 31315293 PMCID: PMC6681042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic drug targeting utilizes an external magnetic field to target superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and their cargo to the diseased vasculature regions. In the arteries, the flow conditions affect the behavior of magnetic particles and the efficacy of their accumulation. In order to estimate the magnetic capture of SPIONs in more physiological-like settings, we previously established an ex vivo model based on human umbilical cord arteries. The artery model was employed in our present studies in order to analyze the effects of the blood components on the efficacy of magnetic targeting, utilizing 2 types of SPIONs with different physicochemical characteristics. In the presence of freshly isolated human plasma or whole blood, a strong increase in iron content measured by AES was observed for both particle types along the artery wall, in parallel with clotting activation due to endogenous thrombin generation in plasma. Subsequent studies therefore utilized SPION suspensions in serum and washed red blood cells (RBCs) at hematocrit 50%. Interestingly, in contrast to cell culture medium suspensions, magnetic accumulation of circulating SPION-3 under the external magnet was achieved in the presence of RBCs. Taken together, our data shows that the presence of blood components affects, but does not prevent, the magnetic accumulation of circulating SPIONs.
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Carboni EJ, Bognet BH, Cowles DB, Ma AWK. The Margination of Particles in Areas of Constricted Blood Flow. Biophys J 2019; 114:2221-2230. [PMID: 29742415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death globally and is caused by stenoses, abnormal narrowings of blood vessels. Recently, there has been an increased interest in shear-activated particle clusters for the treatment of stenosis, but there is a lack of literature investigating the impact of different stenosis geometries on particle margination. Margination refers to the movement of particles toward the blood vessel wall and is desirable for drug delivery. The current study investigated ten different geometries and their effects on margination. Microfluidic devices with a constricted area were fabricated to mimic a stenosed blood vessel with different extent of occlusion, constricted length, and eccentricity (gradualness of the constriction and expansion). Spherical fluorescent particles with a diameter of 2.11 μm were suspended in blood and tracked as they moved into, through, and out of the constricted area. A margination parameter, M, was used to quantify margination based on the particle distribution after velocity normalization. Experimental results suggested that a constriction leads to an enhanced margination, whereas an expansion is responsible for a decrease in margination. Further, margination was found to increase with increasing percent occlusion and constriction length, likely a result of higher shear rate and longer residence time, respectively. Margination decreases as the stenosis geometry becomes more gradual (eccentricity increases) with the exception of a sudden constriction/expansion geometry. The findings demonstrate the importance of geometric effects on margination and call for detailed numerical modeling and geometric characterization of the stenosed areas to fully understand the underlying physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Carboni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Brice H Bognet
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - David B Cowles
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Anson W K Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
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Stroobach M, Haya L, Fenech M. Effects of red blood cell aggregation on microparticle wall adhesion in circular microchannels. Med Eng Phys 2019; 69:100-108. [PMID: 31088761 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The wall adhesion of 1 µm microparticles in human blood was studied in circular microchannels. The level of particle wall adhesion was measured for varying levels of shear rate and varying degrees of red blood cell aggregation, which was modulated by the addition of macromolecule dextran 500. The blood preparations were injected into PDMS microfluidic devices that were modified to have circular channels, better matching the geometry of physiological microcirculation compared to square channels or Couette flow systems. The circular walls of the microchannels were embedded with biotinylated phospholipids to which marginating microspheres coated with streptavidin bound. The particle wall adhesion was evaluated by counting the particles adhering to the channel wall after flushing the channel. Blood preparations of five dextran concentrations (including baseline case of 0%) were tested for four flow velocities, to quantify the effects of aggregation for varying shear rate. It was found that the level of particle wall adhesion was positively correlated with the level of RBC aggregation, particularly at low shear rates, when aggregation was enhanced. The particle adhesion was especially enhanceat aggregation levels in the range of physiological aggregation levels of whole blood, suggesting that RBC aggregation plays an important role in the dynamic of platelets and leukocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stroobach
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Laura Haya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Marianne Fenech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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36
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In silico study of patient-specific magnetic drug targeting for a coronary LAD atherosclerotic plaque. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:113-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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De Freitas GB, De Almeida DJ, Carraro E, Kerppers II, Martins GA, Mainardes RM, Khalil NM, Messias-Reason IJ. Formulation, characterization, and in vitro/in vivo studies of capsaicin-loaded albumin nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Camargo LEAD, Brustolin Ludwig D, Tominaga TT, Carletto B, Favero GM, Mainardes RM, Khalil NM. Bovine serum albumin nanoparticles improve the antitumour activity of curcumin in a murine melanoma model. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:467-474. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1526340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Erzinger Alves de Camargo
- Faculdade Guairacá, Guarapuava, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Daniel Brustolin Ludwig
- Faculdade Guairacá, Guarapuava, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Tania Toyomi Tominaga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carletto
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Basic Research and Applied Biology and Health, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/UEPG, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Giovani Marino Favero
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Basic Research and Applied Biology and Health, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa/UEPG, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Brazil
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Establishing the effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticle properties on in vivo disposition using imaging-based pharmacokinetics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4551. [PMID: 30382084 PMCID: PMC6208419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery has been hindered by an inability to establish structure-activity relationships in vivo. Here, using stable, monosized, radiolabeled, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), we apply an integrated SPECT/CT imaging and mathematical modeling approach to understand the combined effects of MSN size, surface chemistry and routes of administration on biodistribution and clearance kinetics in healthy rats. We show that increased particle size from ~32- to ~142-nm results in a monotonic decrease in systemic bioavailability, irrespective of route of administration, with corresponding accumulation in liver and spleen. Cationic MSNs with surface exposed amines (PEI) have reduced circulation, compared to MSNs of identical size and charge but with shielded amines (QA), due to rapid sequestration into liver and spleen. However, QA show greater total excretion than PEI and their size-matched neutral counterparts (TMS). Overall, we provide important predictive functional correlations to support the rational design of nanomedicines. Nanoparticle applications are limited by insufficient understanding of physiochemical properties on in vivo disposition. Here, the authors explore the influence of size, surface chemistry and administration on the biodisposition of mesoporous silica nanoparticles using image-based pharmacokinetics.
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Park W, Heo YJ, Han DK. New opportunities for nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. Biomater Res 2018; 22:24. [PMID: 30275967 PMCID: PMC6158870 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, cancer immunotherapy has become standard for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy not only treats primary tumors, but also prevents metastasis and recurrence, representing a major advantage over conventional cancer treatments. However, existing cancer immunotherapies have limited clinical benefits because cancer antigens are often not effectively delivered to immune cells. Furthermore, unlike lymphoma, solid tumors evade anti-cancer immunity by forming an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). One approach for overcoming these limitations of cancer immunotherapy involves nanoparticles based on biomaterials. MAIN BODY Here, we review in detail recent trends in the use of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. First, to illustrate the unmet needs for nanoparticles in this field, we describe the mechanisms underlying cancer immunotherapy. We then explain the role of nanoparticles in the delivery of cancer antigens and adjuvants. Next, we discuss how nanoparticles can be helpful within the immune-suppressive TME. Finally, we summarize current and future uses of nanoparticles with image-guided interventional techniques in cancer immunotherapy. CONCLUSION Recently developed approaches for using nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy have enormous potential for improving cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy based on nanoparticles is anticipated not only to overcome the limitations of existing immunotherapy, but also to generate synergistic effects via cooperation between nanoparticles and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Heo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13488 Republic of Korea
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41
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Jiang X, Du B, Huang Y, Zheng J. Ultrasmall Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Breakthroughs and Biomedical Implications. NANO TODAY 2018; 21:106-125. [PMID: 31327979 PMCID: PMC6640873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a bridge between individual atoms and large plasmonic nanoparticles, ultrasmall (core size <3 nm) noble metal nanoparticles (UNMNPs) have been serving as model for us to fundamentally understand many unique properties of noble metals that can only be observed at an extremely small size scale. With decades'efforts, many significant breakthroughs in the synthesis, characterization and functionalization of UNMNPs have laid down a solid foundation for their future applications in the healthcare. In this review, we aim to tightly correlate these breakthroughs with their biomedical applications and illustrate how to utilize these breakthroughs to address long-standing challenges in the clinical translation of nanomedicines. In the end, we offer our perspective on the remaining challenges and opportunities at the frontier of biomedical-related UNMNPs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Yingyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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42
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Gresele P, Momi S, Malvestiti M, Sebastiano M. Platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments as anti-cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:331-355. [PMID: 28707198 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets act as multifunctional cells participating in immune response, inflammation, allergy, tissue regeneration, and lymphoangiogenesis. Among the best-established aspects of a role of platelets in non-hemostatic or thrombotic disorders, there is their participation in cancer invasion and metastasis. The interaction of many different cancer cells with platelets leads to platelet activation, and on the other hand platelet activation is strongly instrumental to the pro-carcinogenic and pro-metastatic activities of platelets. It is thus obvious that over the last years a lot of interest has focused on the possible chemopreventive effect of platelet-targeted pharmacologic treatments. This article gives an overview of the platelet-targeted pharmacologic approaches that have been attempted in the prevention of cancer development, progression, and metastasis, including the application of anti-platelet drugs currently used for cardiovascular disease and of new and novel pharmacologic strategies. Despite the fact that very promising results have been obtained with some of these approaches in pre-clinical models, with the exclusion of aspirin, clinical evidence of a beneficial effect of anti-platelet agents in cancer is however still largely missing. Future studies with platelet-targeted drugs in cancer must carefully deal with design issues, and in particular with the careful selection of patients, and/or explore novel platelet targets in order to provide a solution to the critical issue of the risk/benefit profile of long-term anti-platelet therapy in the prevention of cancer progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - S Momi
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Malvestiti
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiano
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Via Enrico dal Pozzo, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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43
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Ho YT, Lee SWL, Azman N'A, Loh FWY, Phan Thien N, Kah JCY. Quantifying Vascular Distribution and Adhesion of Nanoparticles with Protein Corona in Microflow. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3731-3741. [PMID: 29502417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The protein corona has emerged as an important determinant of biological response in nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery. However, there is presently no reported study on how the protein corona affects the behavior of NPs in microflow and its subsequent interactions with the vascular endothelium, which could affect their delivery to the target tumor site regardless of its targeting mechanism. Furthermore, a consensus on the role of physical and surface characteristics of NPs in affecting the margination of NPs is lacking due to different methods of quantifying margination. In this study, we examine how the particle adhesion (PA) method and particle distribution (PD) method quantify the margination of 20, 40, 100, and 200 nm polystyrene NPs (pNPs) differently in fibronectin or pluronic F-127-coated microfluidic straight channels. We found that PA reduced with increasing pNP size, whereas the PD was similar across all pNP sizes regardless of channel coating. We then formed a protein corona on all pNPs (pNPs-PC) and found that the protein corona increased the adhesion of 40-200 nm pNPs in fibronectin-coated channels, with no size dependence between them except for 40 nm, which had significantly higher particle adhesion. The PA method was also dependent on channel coating, whereas the PD method was independent of channel coating. These results suggested that the PA method was more amenable to surface interactions between the pNPs and the channel wall while providing a measure of the amount of NPs that interacted with the channel walls, whereas the PD method provided a representation of their distribution across the channel due to margination. The two methods complement each other to elucidate a more holistic understanding of how different factors might affect a NP's margination in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics Interdisciplinary Research Group , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , Singapore 138602
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44
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Caballero D, Blackburn SM, de Pablo M, Samitier J, Albertazzi L. Tumour-vessel-on-a-chip models for drug delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3760-3771. [PMID: 28861562 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers for drug delivery have great potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, due to their enhanced selectivity and efficacy. Despite this great promise, researchers have had limited success in the clinical translation of this approach. One of the main causes of these difficulties is that standard in vitro models, typically used to understand nanocarriers' behaviour and screen their efficiency, do not provide the complexity typically encountered in living systems. In contrast, in vivo models, despite being highly physiological, display serious bottlenecks which threaten the relevancy of the obtained data. Microfluidics and nanofabrication can dramatically contribute to solving this issue, providing 3D high-throughput models with improved resemblance to in vivo systems. In particular, microfluidic models of tumour blood vessels can be used to better elucidate how new nanocarriers behave in the microcirculation of healthy and cancerous tissues. Several key steps of the drug delivery process such as extravasation, immune response and endothelial targeting happen under flow in capillaries and can be accurately modelled using microfluidics. In this review, we will present how tumour-vessel-on-a-chip systems can be used to investigate targeted drug delivery and which key factors need to be considered for the rational design of these materials. Future applications of this approach and its role in driving forward the next generation of targeted drug delivery methods will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caballero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Craparo EF, D'Apolito R, Giammona G, Cavallaro G, Tomaiuolo G. Margination of Fluorescent Polylactic Acid-Polyaspartamide based Nanoparticles in Microcapillaries In Vitro: the Effect of Hematocrit and Pressure. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111845. [PMID: 29143777 PMCID: PMC6150309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen the emergence of vascular-targeted drug delivery systems as a promising approach for the treatment of many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this field, one of the major challenges is carrier margination propensity (i.e., particle migration from blood flow to vessel walls); indeed, binding of these particles to targeted cells and tissues is only possible if there is direct carrier–wall interaction. Here, a microfluidic system mimicking the hydrodynamic conditions of human microcirculation in vitro is used to investigate the effect of red blood cells (RBCs) on a carrier margination in relation to RBC concentration (hematocrit) and pressure drop. As model drug carriers, fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FNPs) were chosen, which were obtained by using as starting material a pegylated polylactic acid–polyaspartamide copolymer. The latter was synthesized by derivatization of α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-d,l-aspartamide (PHEA) with Rhodamine (RhB), polylactic acid (PLA) and then poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) chains. It was found that the carrier concentration near the wall increases with increasing pressure drop, independently of RBC concentration, and that the tendency for FNP margination decreases with increasing hematocrit. This work highlights the importance of taking into account RBC–drug carrier interactions and physiological conditions in microcirculation when planning a drug delivery strategy based on systemically administered carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Fabiola Craparo
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo-via Archirafi, 32-90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosa D'Apolito
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo-via Archirafi, 32-90123 Palermo, Italy.
- IBF-CNR, 90143 Palermo, Italy.
- Mediterranean Center for Human Health Advanced Biotechnologies (CHAB), ATeNCenter, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo-via Archirafi, 32-90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Tomaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
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Grimaldi AM, Incoronato M, Salvatore M, Soricelli A. Nanoparticle-based strategies for cancer immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2349-2365. [PMID: 28868980 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent successes in clinical trials are strengthening research focused on cancer immunology, the poor immunogenicity and off-target side effects of immunotherapeutics remain major challenges in translating these promising approaches to clinically feasible therapies in the treatment of a large range of tumors. Nanotechnology offers target-based approaches, which have shown significant improvements in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we first discuss the chemical and physical features of nanoparticulate systems that can be tuned to address the anticancer immune response, and then review recent, key examples of the exploited strategies, ranging from nanovaccines to NPs revising the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, up to immunotherapeutic multimodal NPs. Finally, the paper concludes by identifying the promising and outstanding challenges the field of emerging nanotechnologies is facing for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor Sciences & Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, via Medina 40, 80133, Naples, Italy
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47
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Margination and adhesion of micro- and nanoparticles in the coronary circulation: a step towards optimised drug carrier design. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:205-221. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Talaska K, Ferreira A. An Approach to Identifying Phenomena Accompanying Micro and Nanoparticles in Contact With Irregular Vessel Walls. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2017. [PMID: 28641266 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2017.2717178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present the method for determining the nature and values of the forces needed to set micro and nanoparticles sitting immobile at the blood vessel wall in motion. The problem was tackled in two ways. Microparticles were examined as objects coming into contact with the wall with the actual large arteriole-type vessel structure. The forces acting on microparticles 10, 30, and [Formula: see text] in diameter were determined: drag force FD , lift force FL , electrostatic force FE , and gravity force FG . Fluid-structure interaction analysis was used to research the problem. However, nanoparticles were examined as objects coming into contact with the endothelial surface layer (ESL). Resistance forces during the movement of nanoparticles 20, 50, and 100 nm in diameter in the ESL were determined. The same was done for aggregates of nanoparticles 50 nm in diameter. Local irregularities in wall surface are important for microparticles. Small irregularities with the small values of electrostatic force FE can effectively stop the particle. In the case of nanoparticles, the key is the interaction of the particle with ESL. The research methodology presented can be used to better understand the particle-blood vessel wall interaction phenomena, leading to a more informed particle movement control. The new application of known calculation methods presented in this paper can be successfully used as an additional tool that simplifies planning and design of strategies for drug delivery by means of micro and nanoparticles.
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49
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Carboni EJ, Bognet BH, Bouchillon GM, Kadilak AL, Shor LM, Ward MD, Ma AWK. Direct Tracking of Particles and Quantification of Margination in Blood Flow. Biophys J 2017; 111:1487-1495. [PMID: 27705771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Margination refers to the migration of particles toward blood vessel walls during blood flow. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to margination will aid in tailoring the attributes of drug-carrying particles for effective drug delivery. Most previous studies evaluated the margination propensity of these particles via an adhesion mechanism, i.e., by measuring the number of particles that adhered to the channel wall. Although particle adhesion and margination are related, adhesion also depends on other factors. In this study, we quantified the margination propensity of particles of varying diameters (0.53, 0.84, and 2.11 μm) and apparent wall shear rates (30, 61, and 121 s-1) by directly tracking fluorescent particles flowing through a microfluidic channel. The margination parameter, M, is defined as the total number of particles found within the cell-free layers normalized by the total number of particles that passed through the channel. In this study, an M-value of 0.2 indicated no margination, which was observed for all particle sizes in water. In the case of blood, larger particles were found to have higher M-values and thus marginated more effectively than smaller particles. The corresponding M-values at the device outlet were 0.203, 0.223, and 0.285 for 0.53-, 0.84-, and 2.11-μm particles, respectively. At the inlet, the M-values for all particle sizes in blood were <0.2, suggesting that non-fully-developed flow and constriction may lead to demargination. For particle velocities transverse to the flow direction (vy), all particle sizes showed a larger standard deviation of vy as well as a higher effective diffusivity when the particles were suspended in blood relative to water. These higher values are attributed to collisions between the blood cells and particles, further supporting recent simulation results. In terms of flow rates, for a given particle size, the higher the flow rate, the higher the M-value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Carboni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Brice H Bognet
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Grant M Bouchillon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Andrea L Kadilak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Leslie M Shor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Anson W K Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
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50
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Cicha I. Strategies to enhance nanoparticle-endothelial interactions under flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/jcb-15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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