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Murugan M, Ramasamy SK, Venkatesan G, Lee J, Barathi S, Kandasamy S, Sarangi PK. The comprehensive review on 3D printing- pharmaceutical drug delivery and personalized food and nutrition. Food Chem 2024; 459:140348. [PMID: 38991438 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is one of the emerging technologies that is gaining interest from the pharmaceutical industry as it provides an opportunity to customize drugs according to each patient's needs. Combining different active pharmaceutical ingredients, using different geometries, and providing sustained release enhances the effectiveness of medicine. One of the most innovative uses of 3D printing is producing fabrics, medical devices, medical implants, orthoses, and prostheses. This review summarizes the various 3D printing techniques such as stereolithography, inkjet printing, thermal inkjet printing, fused deposition modelling, extrusion printing, semi-solid extrusion printing, selective laser sintering, and hot-melt extrusion. Also, discusses the drug relies profile and its mechanisms, characteristics, and applications of the most common types of 3D printed API formulations and its recent development. Here, Authors also, summarizes the central flow of 3D food printing process and knowledge extension toward personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Murugan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala -133207, Haryana, India
| | - Selva Kumar Ramasamy
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala -133207, Haryana, India
| | - Geetha Venkatesan
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Selvaraj Barathi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea..
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore - 641004, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Sarangi
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal - 795004, Manipur, India..
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2
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Mora-Castaño G, Domínguez-Robles J, Himawan A, Millán-Jiménez M, Caraballo I. Current trends in 3D printed gastroretentive floating drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124543. [PMID: 39094921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) environment is influenced by several factors (gender, genetics, sex, disease state, food) leading to oral drug absorption variability or to low bioavailability. In this scenario, gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have been developed in order to solve absorption problems, to lead to a more effective local therapy or to allow sustained drug release during a longer time period than the typical oral sustained release dosage forms. Among all GRDDS, floating systems seem to provide a promising and practical approach for achieving a long intra-gastric residence time and sustained release profile. In the last years, a novel technique is being used to manufacture this kind of systems: three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. This technique provides a versatile and easy process to manufacture personalized drug delivery systems. This work presents a systematic review of the main 3D printing based designs proposed up to date to manufacture floating systems. We have also summarized the most important parameters involved in buoyancy and sustained release of the systems, in order to facilitate the scale up of this technology to industrial level. Finally, a section discussing about the influence of materials in drug release, their biocompatibility and safety considerations have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mora-Castaño
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Achmad Himawan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Mónica Millán-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Isidoro Caraballo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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3
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Protopapa C, Siamidi A, Junqueira LA, Kolipaka S, Tabriz AG, Douroumis D, Vlachou M. Sustained release of 3D printed bupropion hydrochloride tablets bearing Braille imprints for the visually impaired. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124594. [PMID: 39154920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
3D printing has been introduced as a novel approach for the design of personalized dosage forms and support patient groups with special needs that require additional assistance for enhanced medication adherence. In this study liquid crystal display (LCD) is introduced for the development of sustained release bupropion.HCl printed tablets. The optimization of printing hydrogel inks was combined with the display of Braille patterns on the tablet surface for blind or visually impaired patients. Due to the high printing accuracy, the Braille patterns could be verified by blind patients and provide the required information. Further characterization revealed the presence of BUP in amorphous state within the photopolymerized resins. The selection of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-diacrylate (PEGDA) of different molecular weights and the presence of surfactants or solubilizers disrupted the resin photopolymerization, thus controlling the BUP dissolution rates. A small batch scale-up study demonstrated the capacity of LCD to print rapidly a notable number of tablets within 24 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Protopapa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Siamidi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Siva Kolipaka
- Centre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - Dennis Douroumis
- Centre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK; Delta Pharmaceutics Ltd., 1- 3 Manor Road, Chatham, ME4 6AE Kent, UK.
| | - Marilena Vlachou
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Athens, Greece.
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4
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Kalosakas G. Drug polymer conjugates: Average release time from thin films. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124506. [PMID: 39053679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The reaction-diffusion problem describing the release of drugs conjugated through labile bonds to polymeric thin films has a known analytical solution, when the reaction kinetics is of first order. Using this solution, an exact formula is derived for the average release time of the system. This simple expression provides the characteristic time of release tav as the sum of the corresponding average diffusion time plus the inverse reaction rate constant: tav=(1/12)⋅(L2/D)+(1/k), where L is the slab thickness, D the diffusion coefficient, and k the reaction rate constant. The former term dominates in a diffusion-controlled release, while the latter one in a reaction-controlled delivery. The crossover regime is exactly described by their sum. The obtained result for the average release time is verified by direct numerical integration through the drug release profiles of the analytical solution. The value of fractional drug release at the characteristic average time is between 60-64%. These results can be used for the design of polymer-drug conjugates with a desired delivery time scale, as well as for the experimental determination of the values of microscopic parameters D and k in a conjugated system of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kalosakas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, GR-26504 Rio, Greece.
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Patel P, Jinugu ME, Thareja P. Rheology and Extrusion Printing of κ-Carrageenan/Olive Oil Emulsion Gel Tablets with Varying Surface Area to Volume Ratios for Release of Vitamin C and Curcumin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:16069-16084. [PMID: 39058356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work, κ-carrageenan and olive oil at different oil to κ-carrageenan ratios (OCR) are homogenized to create emulsion gels. Interestingly, confocal imaging shows that the oil droplets are stabilized in the κ-carrageenan-structured gel matrix without using any surfactants. Rheological studies show that the oil droplets enhanced the oscillatory yield stress and the maximum printable height of the emulsion gels. The creation of the emulsion gels with an OCR of 1:9-3:7 led to an improvement in the structural integrity of extrusion printed structures. The emulsion gel with an OCR of 3:7 efficiently encapsulates vitamin C in the aqueous phase and curcumin in the hydrophobic oil phase, enabling the extrusion 3D printing of tablets with varying surface area to volume (SA/V) ratios. The release of vitamin C and curcumin is influenced by the preparation method of printing versus casting and the SA/V ratio of the tablets. The hollow cylinder with the highest SA/V ratio was observed to have the highest vitamin C release, whereas for curcumin, the printed tablets had a higher release compared to the cast tablet. Additionally, through rheo-dissolution experiments, we observe a lower modulus and higher vitamin C release from the 3D-printed disc versus the higher modulus and lower vitamin C release from the cast disc tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchami Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manasi Esther Jinugu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Prachi Thareja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel Centre for Sustainable Development, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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Peng H, Han B, Tong T, Jin X, Peng Y, Guo M, Li B, Ding J, Kong Q, Wang Q. 3D printing processes in precise drug delivery for personalized medicine. Biofabrication 2024; 16:10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14. [PMID: 38569493 PMCID: PMC11164598 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of personalized medicine, the drug delivery system will be changed significantly. The development of personalized medicine needs the support of many technologies, among which three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is a novel formulation-preparing process that creates 3D objects by depositing printing materials layer-by-layer based on the computer-aided design method. Compared with traditional pharmaceutical processes, 3DP produces complex drug combinations, personalized dosage, and flexible shape and structure of dosage forms (DFs) on demand. In the future, personalized 3DP drugs may supplement and even replace their traditional counterpart. We systematically introduce the applications of 3DP technologies in the pharmaceutical industry and summarize the virtues and shortcomings of each technique. The release behaviors and control mechanisms of the pharmaceutical DFs with desired structures are also analyzed. Finally, the benefits, challenges, and prospects of 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tianjian Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Rd, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meitong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, University of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
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Krishnan PD, Durai RD, Veluri S, B Narayanan VH. Semisolid extrusion 3D printing of Dolutegravir-Chitosan nanoparticles laden polymeric buccal films: personalized solution for pediatric treatment. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025046. [PMID: 38364288 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the semi solid extrusion 3D printing process was utilized to incorporate anti-HIV drug Dolutegravir and its nanoparticles into the buccal film (BF) that was fabricated using the developed polymer ink. The composite made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate was processed into a 3D printing polymer ink with optimum viscosity (9587 ± 219 cP) needed for the seamless extrusion through the nozzle of the 3D printer. The formulated BFs were assessed for its physical properties like weight (0.414 ± 0.3 g), thickness (1.54 ± 0.02 mm), swelling index (18.5 ± 0.91%), and mucoadhesiveness strength (0.165 ± 0.09 N) etc, The structural integrity and the surface morphology of the developed BFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The chemical stability and the solid-state nature of the drug in the BFs were assessed by Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction analysis respectively. Further the BFs were assessed for drug dissolutionin-vitroandex-vivo, to study the effect of polymer composition and printing condition on the dissolution profile of the drug in the simulated salivary fluid. The results demonstrated that the developed PVA based polymer ink for 3D printing utilizing pressure is a versatile approach in the context of manufacturing mucoadhesive BFs customized in terms of shape and the amount of drug loaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dharshini Krishnan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Devi Durai
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivanjineyulu Veluri
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Vedha Hari B Narayanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Matsumiya K, Inagaki NF, Ito T. Fabrication of Drug-Loaded Torus-Shaped Alginate Microparticles and Kinetic Analysis of Their Drug Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1247-1256. [PMID: 37988317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated drug-loaded, microsized, and torus-shaped alginate microparticles (TSMs) by vortex-ring freezing (VRF), utilizing vortex ring formation and ionic cross-linking. The equivalent outer diameter of the TSMs was ca. 200 μm. Several model drugs, such as doxorubicin, heparin, lysozyme, and several dextran derivatives, have been successfully loaded into TSMs. Because the TSMs were fragile due to the limitation of the process conditions of the VRF, drug-loaded TSMs were subsequently cross-linked via "post-cross-linking" with CaCl2, SrCl2, or BaCl2 to increase the cross-linking density of the alginate matrix, thereby enhancing the stability of dextran (Dex)-loaded TSMs (Dex-TSMs) and enabling the sustained release of natural Dex of 10, 70, or 150 kDa and cationic or anionic Dex at a physiological pH. The release kinetics of Dexs showed molecular weight and charge dependence; a relatively dense network of the alginate matrix of post-cross-linked TSMs resulted in the sustained release of Dexs with high molecular weights, heparin, and lysozyme for up to 7 days in the release test. Furthermore, the solute diffusivities of the dextran derivatives in the bulk alginate matrix were measured by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, which supported the release kinetics of TSMs. Drug-loaded TSMs have potential as drug carriers for biopharmaceuticals, such as proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsumiya
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Natsuko F Inagaki
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Development of 3D-printed vaginal devices containing metronidazole for alternative bacterial vaginosis treatment. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Xue A, Li W, Tian W, Zheng M, Shen L, Hong Y. A Bibliometric Analysis of 3D Printing in Personalized Medicine Research from 2012 to 2022. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1521. [PMID: 38004387 PMCID: PMC10675621 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the 3D printing of personalized drug formulations has attracted the attention of medical practitioners and academics. However, there is a lack of data-based analyses on the hotspots and trends of research in this field. Therefore, in this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis to summarize the 3D printing research in the field of personalized drug formulation from 2012 to 2022. This study was based on the Web of Science Core Collection Database, and a total of 442 eligible publications were screened. Using VOSviewer and online websites for bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping, it was observed that annual publications have shown a significant growth trend over the last decade. The United Kingdom and the United States, which account for 45.5% of the total number of publications, are the main drivers of this field. The International Journal of Pharmaceutics and University College London are the most prolific and cited journals and institutions. The researchers with the most contributions are Basit, Abdul W. and Goyanes Alvaro. The keyword analysis concluded that the current research hotspots are "drug release" and "drug dosage forms". In conclusion, 3D printing has broad application prospects in the field of personalized drugs, which will bring the pharmaceutical industry into a new era of innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aile Xue
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.X.); (W.L.); (W.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wenjie Li
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.X.); (W.L.); (W.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wenxiu Tian
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.X.); (W.L.); (W.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Minyue Zheng
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.X.); (W.L.); (W.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanlong Hong
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-Lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China; (A.X.); (W.L.); (W.T.); (M.Z.)
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Alogla A. Enhancing antioxidant delivery through 3D printing: a pathway to advanced therapeutic strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1256361. [PMID: 37860625 PMCID: PMC10583562 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1256361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of 3D printing has transformed industries, including medicine and pharmaceuticals. Integrating antioxidants into 3D-printed structures offers promising therapeutic strategies for enhanced antioxidant delivery. This review explores the synergistic relationship between 3D printing and antioxidants, focusing on the design and fabrication of antioxidant-loaded constructs. Incorporating antioxidants into 3D-printed matrices enables controlled release and localized delivery, improving efficacy while minimizing side effects. Customization of physical and chemical properties allows tailoring of antioxidant release kinetics, distribution, and degradation profiles. Encapsulation techniques such as direct mixing, coating, and encapsulation are discussed. Material selection, printing parameters, and post-processing methods significantly influence antioxidant release kinetics and stability. Applications include wound healing, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into 3D printing-assisted antioxidant delivery systems, facilitating advancements in medicine and improved patient outcomes for oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageel Alogla
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering (AlQunfudhah), Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Tabriz AG, Gonot-Munck Q, Baudoux A, Garg V, Farnish R, Katsamenis OL, Hui HW, Boersen N, Roberts S, Jones J, Douroumis D. 3D Printing of Personalised Carvedilol Tablets Using Selective Laser Sintering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2230. [PMID: 37765199 PMCID: PMC10537056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) has drawn attention for the fabrication of three-dimensional oral dosage forms due to the plurality of drug formulations that can be processed. The aim of this work was to employ SLS with a CO2 laser for the manufacturing of carvedilol personalised dosage forms of various strengths. Carvedilol (CVD) and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (Kollidon VA64) blends of various ratios were sintered to produce CVD tablets of 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 mg. The tuning of the SLS processing laser intensity parameter improved printability and impacted the tablet hardness, friability, CVD dissolution rate, and the total amount of drug released. Physicochemical characterization showed the presence of CVD in the amorphous state. X-ray micro-CT analysis demonstrated that the applied CO2 intensity affected the total tablet porosity, which was reduced with increased laser intensity. The study demonstrated that SLS is a suitable technology for the development of personalised medicines that meet the required specifications and patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz
- Delta Pharmaceutics Ltd., Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- CRI Centre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Quentin Gonot-Munck
- Institute of Technology in Measurements and Instrumentation, University of Rouen, 76130 Mont Saint Aignan, France; (Q.G.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Arnaud Baudoux
- Institute of Technology in Measurements and Instrumentation, University of Rouen, 76130 Mont Saint Aignan, France; (Q.G.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Vivek Garg
- The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Science University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK; (V.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Richard Farnish
- The Wolfson Centre for Bulk Solids Handling Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Science University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK; (V.G.); (R.F.)
| | - Orestis L. Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | - Ho-Wah Hui
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA; (H.-W.H.); (N.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Nathan Boersen
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA; (H.-W.H.); (N.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandra Roberts
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA; (H.-W.H.); (N.B.); (S.R.)
| | - John Jones
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral CH46 1QW, UK;
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Delta Pharmaceutics Ltd., Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK;
- CRI Centre for Research Innovation, University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK
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Zhao Y, Li B, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zhao H, Wang S, Huang C. Recent Advances in Sustainable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Insights into Release Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Applications in the Food Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11806-11833. [PMID: 37467345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
In response to the issues of foodborne microbial contamination and carbon neutrality goals, sustainable antimicrobial food packaging (SAFP) composed of renewable or biodegradable biopolymer matrices with ecofriendly antimicrobial agents has emerged. SAFP offers longer effectiveness, wider coverage, more controllability, and better environmental performance. Analyzing SAFP information, including the release profile of each antimicrobial agent for each food, the interaction of each biomass matrix with each food, the material size, form, and preparation methods, and its service quality in real foods, is crucial. While encouraging reports exist, a comprehensive review summarizing these developments is lacking. Therefore, this review critically examines recent release-antimicrobial mechanisms, kinetics models, preparation methods, and key regulatory parameters for SAFPs based on slow- or controlled-release theory. Furthermore, it discusses fundamental physicochemical characteristics, effective concentrations, advantages, release approaches, and antimicrobial and preservative effects of various materials in food simulants or actual food. Lastly, inadequacies and future trends are explored, providing practical references to regulate the movement of active substances in different media, reduce the reliance on petrochemical-based materials, and advance food packaging and preservation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Lanyu Zhang
- School of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chongxing Huang
- School of Light Industry & Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, China
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14
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Mohseni-Motlagh SF, Dolatabadi R, Baniassadi M, Karimpour M, Baghani M. Tablet Geometry Effect on the Drug Release Profile from a Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1917. [PMID: 37514103 PMCID: PMC10384981 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve the optimal level of effectiveness and safety of drugs, it is necessary to control the drug release rate. Therefore, it is important to discover the factors affecting release profile from a drug delivery system. Geometry is one of these effective factors for a tablet-shaped drug delivery system. In this study, an attempt has been made to answer a general question of how the geometry of a tablet can affect the drug release profile. For this purpose, the drug release process of theophylline from two hundred HPMC-based tablets, which are categorized into eight groups of common geometries in the production of oral tablets, was simulated using finite element analysis. The analysis of the results of these simulations was carried out using statistical methods including partial least squares regression and ANOVA tests. The results showed that it is possible to predict the drug release profile by knowing the geometry type and dimensions of a tablet without performing numerous dissolution tests. Another result was that, although in many previous studies the difference in the drug release profile from several tablets with different geometries was interpreted only by variables related to the surface, the results showed that regardless of the type of geometry and its dimensions, it is not possible to have an accurate prediction of the drug release profile. Also, the results showed that without any change in the dose of the drug and the ingredients of the tablet and only because of the difference in geometry type, the tablets significantly differ in release profile. This occurred in such a way that, for example, the release time of the entire drug mass from two tablets with the same mass and materials but different geometries can be different by about seven times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshanak Dolatabadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1419943471, Iran
| | - Majid Baniassadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Morad Karimpour
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Mostafa Baghani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
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15
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Rosas-Val P, Adhami M, Brotons-Canto A, Gamazo C, Irache JM, Larrañeta E. 3D printing of microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus for oral delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123058. [PMID: 37207858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
3D Printing is an innovative technology within the pharma and food industries that allows the design and manufacturing of novel delivery systems. Orally safe delivery of probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract faces several challenges regarding bacterial viability, in addition to comply with commercial and regulatory standpoints. Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 (Lr) was microencapsulated in generally recognised as safe (GRAS) proteins, and then assessed for robocasting 3D printing. Microparticles (MP-Lr) were developed and characterised, prior to being 3D printed with pharmaceutical excipients. MP-Lr showed a size of 12.3 ± 4.1 µm and a non-uniform wrinkled surface determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Bacterial quantification by plate counting accounted for 8.68 ±0.6 CFU/g of live bacteria encapsulated within. Formulations were able to keep the bacterial dose constant upon contact with gastric and intestinal pH. Printlets consisted in oval-shape formulations (15 mm × 8 mm × 3.2 mm) of ca. 370 mg of total weight, with a uniform surface. After the 3D printing process, bacterial viability remained even as MP-Lr protected bacteria alongside the process (log reduction of 0.52, p>0.05) in comparison with non-encapsulated probiotic (log reduction of 3.05). Moreover, microparticle size was not altered during the 3D printing process. We confirmed the success of this technology for developing an orally safe formulation, GRAS category, of microencapsulated Lr for gastrointestinal vehiculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rosas-Val
- Nucaps Nanotechnology S.L., Spain; Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- Department of Technology & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Spain
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16
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Domsta V, Hänsch C, Lenz S, Gao Z, Matin-Mann F, Scheper V, Lenarz T, Seidlitz A. The Influence of Shape Parameters on Unidirectional Drug Release from 3D Printed Implants and Prediction of Release from Implants with Individualized Shapes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041276. [PMID: 37111760 PMCID: PMC10143641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The local treatment of diseases by drug-eluting implants is a promising tool to enable successful therapy under potentially reduced systemic side effects. Especially, the highly flexible manufacturing technique of 3D printing provides the opportunity for the individualization of implant shapes adapted to the patient-specific anatomy. It can be assumed that variations in shape can strongly affect the released amounts of drug per time. This influence was investigated by performing drug release studies with model implants of different dimensions. For this purpose, bilayered model implants in a simplified geometrical shape in form of bilayered hollow cylinders were developed. The drug-loaded abluminal part consisted of a suitable polymer ratio of Eudragit® RS and RL, while the drug-free luminal part composed of polylactic acid served as a diffusion barrier. Implants with different heights and wall thicknesses were produced using an optimized 3D printing process, and drug release was determined in vitro. The area-to-volume ratio was identified as an important parameter influencing the fractional drug release from the implants. Based on the obtained results drug release from 3D printed implants with individual shapes exemplarily adapted to the frontal neo-ostial anatomy of three different patients was predicted and also tested in an independent set of experiments. The similarity of predicted and tested release profiles indicates the predictability of drug release from individualized implants for this particular drug-eluting system and could possibly facilitate the estimation of the performance of customized implants independent of individual in vitro testing of each implant geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Domsta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christin Hänsch
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stine Lenz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ziwen Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Farnaz Matin-Mann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" EXC 1077/1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" EXC 1077/1, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Tikhomirov E, Åhlén M, Di Gallo N, Strømme M, Kipping T, Quodbach J, Lindh J. Selective laser sintering additive manufacturing of dosage forms: Effect of powder formulation and process parameters on the physical properties of printed tablets. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122780. [PMID: 36849041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Large batches of placebo and drug-loaded solid dosage forms were successfully fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS) 3D printing in this study. The tablet batches were prepared using either copovidone (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, PVP/VA) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and activated carbon (AC) as radiation absorbent, which was added to improve the sintering of the polymer. The physical properties of the dosage forms were evaluated at different pigment concentrations (i.e., 0.5 and 1.0 wt%) and at different laser energy inputs. The mass, hardness, and friability of the tablets were found to be tunable and structures with greater mass and mechanical strength were obtained with increasing carbon concentration and energy input. Amorphization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in the drug-loaded batches, containing 10 wt% naproxen and 1 wt% AC, was achieved in-situ during printing. Thus, amorphous solid dispersions were prepared in a single-step process and produced tablets with mass losses below 1 wt%. These findings show how the properties of dosage forms can be tuned by careful selection of the process parameters and the powder formulation. SLS 3D printing can therefore be considered to be an interesting and promising technique for the fabrication of personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Tikhomirov
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden
| | - Michelle Åhlén
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden
| | - Nicole Di Gallo
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Postcode: D033/001, Darmstadt DE-642 93, Germany
| | - Maria Strømme
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kipping
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, Postcode: D033/001, Darmstadt DE-642 93, Germany
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonas Lindh
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 03, Box 35, Sweden.
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18
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McDonagh T, Belton P, Qi S. Manipulating drug release from 3D printed dual-drug loaded polypills using challenging polymer compositions. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122895. [PMID: 36972779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Combining multiple medications in a single dosage form has emerged as an important strategy for treating complex diseases and could help tackle the growing issue of polypharmacy. In this study we investigated the suitability of different dual-drug designs for achieving simultaneous, delayed and pulsatile drug release regimes using two model formulations: an immediate release erodible system of Eudragit E PO loaded with paracetamol; and an erodible swellable system of Soluplus loaded with felodipine. Both binary formulations, despite not fused deposition modelling (FDM) printable, were successfully printed using thermal droplet-based 3D printing method, Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF), and exhibited good reproducibility. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to assess drug-excipient interaction. The printed tablets were evaluated for drug release using in vitro dissolution testing. We found the simultaneous and delayed release designs were effective at generating the intended drug release profiles, giving insight into the types of dual-drug designs which can be used to create complex release profiles. In contrast the pulsatile tablet release was non-defined, highlighting the design limitations when using erodible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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19
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Tabriz AG, Mithu MS, Antonijevic MD, Vilain L, Derrar Y, Grau C, Morales A, Katsamenis OL, Douroumis D. 3D printing of LEGO® like designs with tailored release profiles for treatment of sleep disorder. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122574. [PMID: 36603670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
3D printed LEGO®-like designs are an attractive approach for the development of compartmental delivery systems due to their potential for dose personalisation through the customisation of drug release profiles. Additive manufacturing technologies such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) are ideal for the printing of structures with complex geometries and various sizes. This study is a paradigm for the fabrication of 3D printed LEGO® -like tablets by altering the design of the modular units and the filament composition for the delivery of different drug substances. By using a combination of placebo and drug loaded compartments comprising of immediate release (hydroxypropyl cellulose) and pH dependant polymers (hypromellose acetate succinate) we were able to customise the release kinetics of melatonin and caffeine that can potentially be used for the treatment of sleep disorders. The LEGO® -like compartments were designed to achieve immediate release of melatonin followed by variable lag times and controlled release of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Sadeque Mithu
- Cubi-Tech Extrusion Ltd, 3 Sextant Park, Neptune Close, Rochester, Chatham, Kent ME2 4LU, UK
| | - Milan D Antonijevic
- University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Lilian Vilain
- Aix Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, School of Engineering, 3 Avenue of Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Youri Derrar
- Aix Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, School of Engineering, 3 Avenue of Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Clara Grau
- University of Haute-Alsace (UHA), School of Chemistry of Mulhouse (ENSCMu), 3 Street Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Anaïs Morales
- University of Haute-Alsace (UHA), School of Chemistry of Mulhouse (ENSCMu), 3 Street Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- University of Southampton, μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Delta Pharmaceutics Ltd, 20 Steven Close, Chatham, Kent ME4 5NG, UK; University of Greenwich, Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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20
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Tan M, Dharani D, Dong X, Maiorana C, Chaudhuri B, Nagapudi K, Chang SY, Ma AWK. Pilot-scale binder jet 3D printing of sustained release solid dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122540. [PMID: 36566828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The additive nature and versatility of 3D printing show great promise in the rapid prototyping of solid dosage forms for clinical trials and mass customization for personalized medicine applications. This paper reports the formulation and process development of sustained release solid dosage forms, termed "printlets", using a pilot-scale binder jetting (BJT) 3D printer and acetaminophen (APAP) as the model drug. With the inclusion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a release retardant polymer in the print powder, the drug release time of APAP increased considerably from minutes to hours. However, given the swelling propensity of HPMC, a thicker layer of powder must be laid down during printing to avoid any shape distortion of the printlets. For a fixed print volume, the level of binder saturation (i.e., ratio between the liquid binder and powder in the as-printed sample) is inversely proportional to the thickness of the spread powder layer. An increase in the spread powder layer inadvertently resulted in a lower level of binder saturation and consequently weaker printlets. By increasing the level of binder saturation with jetting from more print heads, the mechanical strength of printlets containing 18% HPMC was successfully restored. The resultant printlets have a drug release time of 3.5 h and a breaking force of 12.5 kgf that is comparable to the fast-disintegrating printlets containing no HPMC and surpasses manually pressed tablets with the same HPMC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Dehil Dharani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Christopher Maiorana
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bodhisattwa Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Genentech, 465 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shing-Yun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anson W K Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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21
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3D-Printed Fast-Dissolving Oral Dosage Forms via Fused Deposition Modeling Based on Sugar Alcohol and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Preparation, Drug Release Studies and In Vivo Oral Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020395. [PMID: 36839717 PMCID: PMC9968038 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technology holds marked promise for the pharmaceutical industry and is now under intense investigation. Most research is aimed at a greater efficiency in printing oral dosage forms using powder bed printing or fused deposition modeling (FDM). Oral dosage forms printed by FDM tend to be hard objects, which reduce the risk of cracking and chipping. However, one challenge in printing oral dosage forms via FDM is achieving rapid drug release, because the materials for FDM are basically thermoplastic polymers with slow drug release properties. In this study, we investigated printing a fast-dissolving oral dosage form by adding sugar alcohol to a poly(vinyl alcohol)-based formulation for FDM. Filaments which contain sugar alcohol were successfully prepared, and objects were printed with them as oral dosage forms by FDM. On drug release testing, a printed oral dosage form in a ring shape which contained 55% maltitol showed a more than 85% drug release in 15 min. In vivo oral absorption of this printed oral dosage form in dogs was comparable to that of a conventional fast-dissolving tablet. Of particular interest, the drug release profile and drug amount of the oral dosage forms can be easily controlled by a change in shape using 3D Computer Aided Design. These characteristics will encourage the prevalence of FDM by the pharmaceutical industry, and contribute to the promotion of personalized medicine.
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22
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Additive manufacturing technologies with emphasis on stereolithography 3D printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications: A review. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100159. [PMID: 36632068 PMCID: PMC9827389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is an innovative tool with great potential and diverse applications in various fields. As 3D printing has been burgeoning in recent times, a tremendous transformation can be envisaged in medical care, especially the manufacturing procedures leading to personalized medicine. Stereolithography (SLA), a vat-photopolymerization technique, that uses a laser beam, is known for its ability to fabricate complex 3D structures ranging from micron-size needles to life-size organs, because of its high resolution, precision, accuracy, and speed. This review presents a glimpse of varied 3D printing techniques, mainly expounding SLA in terms of the materials used, the orientation of printing, and the working mechanisms. The previous works that focused on developing pharmaceutical dosage forms, drug-eluting devices, and tissue scaffolds are presented in this paper, followed by the challenges associated with SLA from an industrial and regulatory perspective. Due to its excellent advantages, this technology could transform the conventional "one dose fits all" concept to bring digitalized patient-centric medication into reality.
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23
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Goto E, Tagami T, Ogawa K, Ozeki T. Fabrication of 3D-Printed Contact Lens Composed of Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate for Controlled Release of Azithromycin. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1461-1467. [PMID: 37779048 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Since three-dimensional (3D)-printed tablets were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3D printing technology has garnered increasing interest for the fabrication of medical and pharmaceutical devices. With various dosing devices being designed for manufacture by 3D printing, 3D-printed ophthalmic formulations to release drugs have been one such target of investigation. In the current study, 3D-printed contact lenses designed for the controlled release of the antibiotic azithromycin were produced by vat photopolymerization, and the effect of the printer ink composition and a second curing process was investigated. The azithromycin-loaded contact lenses were composed of the cross-linking reagent polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), PEG 400 as a solvent, a photoinitiator, and azithromycin. The 3D-printed contact lenses were fabricated successfully, and formulations with lower PEGDA concentrations produced thicker lenses. The mechanical strength of the PEGDA-based contact lenses was dependent on the amount of PEGDA and was improved by a second curing process. Drug release from 3D-printed contact lenses was reduced in the samples with a second curing process. The azithromycin-loaded contact lenses exhibited antimicrobial effects in vitro for both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. These results suggest that 3D-printed contact lenses containing antibiotics are an effective model for treating eye infections by controlling drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Goto
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tatsuaki Tagami
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Koki Ogawa
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tetsuya Ozeki
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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24
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Mass Customization of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Parts via a Hybrid Manufacturing Process. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245413. [PMID: 36559779 PMCID: PMC9786657 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass customization is the development of items tailored to specific customers, but produced at low unit cost in high-volume. In this context, hybrid manufacturing (HM) combines fused deposition modeling (FDM) and injection molding (IM) to fabricate a single personalized part with minimum manufacturing cost. In this technique, inserts with different physical features are first FDM-fabricated and then IM-overmolded. This study investigated the effect of hybrid FDM-IM production technology, FDM insert geometry on mechanical properties, and micro-structural evolution of Polylactic Acid (PLA) samples. The findings indicated a comparable tensile properties of FDM-IM samples (68.38 MPa) to IM batch (68.95 MPa), emphasizing the potential of HM in the manufacturing industry. Maximum tensile stress of FDM-IM specimens shows an upward trend due to the increased infill density of preforms. In addition, overmolding interface direction results in a big gap for the maximum tensile strengths between half-length series specimens (12.99 MPa to 19.09 MPa) and half-thickness series specimens (53.83 MPa to 59.92 MPa). Furthermore, four joint configurations resulted in different mechanical performances of finished specimens, in which the female cube sample exhibits the highest tensile stress (68.38 MPa), while the batch with male T joint shows a lower value in maximum tensile strength (59.51 MPa), exhibiting a similar tensile performance with the half-thickness 75% batch without joint configuration. This study lays the groundwork for using HM to produce bespoke and mechanically improved parts over FDM alone.
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Owh C, Ow V, Lin Q, Wong JHM, Ho D, Loh XJ, Xue K. Bottom-up design of hydrogels for programmable drug release. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213100. [PMID: 36096077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a promising drug delivery system for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and similarity to native tissue. Programming the release rate from hydrogels is critical to ensure release of desired dosage over specified durations, particularly with the advent of more complicated medical regimens such as combinatorial drug therapy. While it is known how hydrogel structure affects release, the parameters that can be explicitly controlled to modulate release ab initio could be useful for hydrogel design. In this review, we first survey common physical models of hydrogel release. We then extensively go through the various input parameters that we can exercise direct control over, at the levels of synthesis, formulation, fabrication and environment. We also illustrate some examples where hydrogels can be programmed with the input parameters for temporally and spatially defined release. Finally, we discuss the exciting potential and challenges for programming release, and potential implications with the advent of machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Joey Hui Min Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, #01-30 General Office, Block N4.1, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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Recent advancements in additive manufacturing techniques employed in the pharmaceutical industry: A bird's eye view. ANNALS OF 3D PRINTED MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stlm.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Three-Dimensional Printing of Repaglinide Tablets: Effect of Perforations on Hypromellose-Based Drug Release. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wang N, Shi H, Yang S. 3D printed oral solid dosage form: Modified release and improved solubility. J Control Release 2022; 351:407-431. [PMID: 36122897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage form is currently the most common used form of drug. 3D Printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), can quickly print customized and individualized oral solid dosage form on demand. Compared with the traditional tablet manufacturing process, 3D Printing has many advantages. By rationally selecting the formulation composition and cleverly designing the printing structure, 3D printing can improve the solubility of the drug and achieve precise modify of the drug release. 3D printed oral solid dosage form, however, still has problems such as limitations in formulation selection. And the selection process of the formulation lacks scientificity and standardization. Structural design of some 3D printing approaches is relatively scarce. This article reviews the formulation selection and structure design of 3D printed oral solid dosage form, providing more ideas for achieving modified drug release and solubility improvement of 3D printed oral solid dosage form through more scientific and extensive formulation selection and more sophisticated structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology and Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Ghanizadeh Tabriz A, Nandi U, Scoutaris N, Sanfo K, Alexander B, Gong Y, Hui HW, Kumar S, Douroumis D. Personalised Paediatric Chewable Ibuprofen Tablets Fabricated Using 3D Micro-extrusion Printing Technology. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122135. [PMID: 36028083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an attractive technology for the design and development of personalized paediatric dosage forms with improved palatability. In this work micro-extrusion based printing was implemented for the fabrication of chewable paediatric ibuprofen (IBU) tablets by assessing a range of front runner polymers in taste masking. Due to the drug-polymer miscibility and the IBU plasticization effect, micro-extrusion was proved to be an ideal technology for processing the drug/polymer powder blends for the printing of paediatric dosage forms. The printed tablets presented high printing quality with reproducible layer thickness and a smooth surface. Due to the drug-polymer interactions induced during printing processing, IBU was found to form a glass solution confirmed by differential calorimetry (DSC) while H-bonding interactions were identified by confocal Raman mapping. IBU was also found to be uniformly distributed within the polymer matrices at molecular level. The tablet palatability was assessed by panellists and revealed excellent taste masking of the IBU's bitter taste. Overall micro-extrusion demonstrated promising processing capabilities of powder blends for rapid printing and development of personalised dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atabak Ghanizadeh Tabriz
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Uttom Nandi
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Nicolaos Scoutaris
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Karifa Sanfo
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Bruce Alexander
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
| | - Ho-Wah Hui
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Drug Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene Corporation), 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.
| | - Dennis Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; CIPER Centre for Innovation and Process Engineering Research, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Adamov I, Stanojević G, Medarević D, Ivković B, Kočović D, Mirković D, Ibrić S. Formulation and characterization of immediate-release oral dosage forms with zolpidem tartrate fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122046. [PMID: 35908634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) printing in the pharmaceutical field has made great strides towards innovations in the way drugs are designed and manufactured. In this study, digital light processing (DLP) technique was used to fabricate oral dosage forms of different shapes with zolpidem tartrate (ZT), incorporated within its therapeutic range. Formulation factors, such as poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG 400) ratio, as well as water content, were varied in combination with the surface area/volume (SA/V) ratio to achieve immediate drug release. Hypromellose (HPMC) was used as a stabilizing agent of photoreactive suspensions in an attempt to prevent drug sedimentation and subsequent variations in drug content uniformity. Oral dosage forms with doses in the range from 0.15 mg to 6.37 mg, showing very rapid and rapid drug dissolution, were successfully fabricated, confirming the potential of this technique in drug manufacturing with the ability to provide flexible dose adjustments and desirable release profiles by varying formulation factors and geometry of 3D models. DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that ZT remained in a crystalline form within printed dosage forms and no interactions were found between ZT and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Adamov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Stanojević
- Institute for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, Ivana Crnojevića 64a, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Djordje Medarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Ivković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Kočović
- Institute for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, Ivana Crnojevića 64a, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Dušica Mirković
- Sector for Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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An investigation into the effects of geometric scaling and pore structure on drug dose and release of 3D printed solid dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:113-125. [PMID: 35779743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A range of 3D printing methods have been investigated intensively in the literature for manufacturing personalised solid dosage forms, with infill density commonly used to control release rates. However, there is limited mechanistic understanding of the impacts of infill adjustments on in vitro performance when printing tablets of constant dose. In this study, the effects and interplay of infill pattern and tablet geometry scaling on dose and drug release performance were investigated. Paracetamol (PAC) was used as a model drug. An immediate release erodible system (Eudragit E PO) and an erodible swellable system (Soluplus) were prepared via wet granulation into granules and printed using Arburg Plastic Freeforming (APF). Both binary formulations, despite not FDM printable, were successfully APF printed and exhibited good reproducibility compared to pharmacopoeia specification. The physical form of the drug and its integrity following granulation and printing was assessed using DSC, PXRD and ATR-FTIR. Two infill patterns (SM1 and SM2) were employed to print tablets with equal porosity, but different pore size, structure and surface area to volume ratio (SA/V). Geometry scaling (tablet height and diameter) of Eudragit-PAC tablets was not found to significantly influence the release rate of the tablets with 30 to 70% infill density. When increased to 90% infill density, geometric scaling was found to have a significant effect on release rate with the constant diameter tablet releasing faster than the constant height tablet. Soluplus-PAC tablets printed using different infill patterns demonstrated similar release profiles, due to swelling. Geometric parameters were found to significantly influence release profiles for tablets printed at certain infill densities giving new insight into how software parameters can be used to tune drug release.
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Walsh E, Maclean N, Turner A, Alsuleman M, Prasad E, Halbert G, Ter Horst JH, Markl D. Manufacture of Tablets with Structurally-Controlled Drug Release using Rapid Tooling Injection Moulding. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121956. [PMID: 35760259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With advancements in the pharmaceutical industry pushing more towards tailored medicines, novel approaches to tablet manufacture are in high demand. One of the main drivers towards micro-scale batch production is the ability to fine-tune drug release. This study demonstrates the use of rapid tooling injection moulding (RTIM) for tablet manufacture. Tablets were manufactured with varying structural features to alter the surface area whilst maintaining the same volume, resulting in differing specific surface area (SSA). The precision of this technique is evaluated based on eleven polymer formulations, with the tablets displaying < 2% variability in mass. Further tablets were produced containing paracetamol in three different polymer-based formulations to investigate the impact of SSA on the drug release. Significant differences were observed between the formulations based on the polymers polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Klucel ELF. The polymer base of the formulation was found to be critical to the sensitivity of the drug release profile to SSA modification. The drug release profile within each formulation was modified by the addition of structural features to increase the SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Walsh
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Natalie Maclean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alice Turner
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Moulham Alsuleman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elke Prasad
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gavin Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joop H Ter Horst
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Laboratoire Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, Université de Rouen Normandie, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK; Centre for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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Bácskay I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Arany P. The Evolution of the 3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071312. [PMID: 35890208 PMCID: PMC9318419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the 3D printing in the 1980s it has revolutionized many research fields including the pharmaceutical industry. The main goal is to manufacture complex, personalized products in a low-cost manufacturing process on-demand. In the last few decades, 3D printing has attracted the attention of numerous research groups for the manufacturing of different drug delivery systems. Since the 2015 approval of the first 3D-printed drug product, the number of publications has multiplied. In our review, we focused on summarizing the evolution of the produced drug delivery systems in the last 20 years and especially in the last 5 years. The drug delivery systems are sub-grouped into tablets, capsules, orodispersible films, implants, transdermal delivery systems, microneedles, vaginal drug delivery systems, and micro- and nanoscale dosage forms. Our classification may provide guidance for researchers to more easily examine the publications and to find further research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bácskay
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Arany
- Healthcare Industry Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092784. [PMID: 35566146 PMCID: PMC9100145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and particularly 3D printing (3DP) have achieved a decade of success in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Highly innovative personalized therapeutical solutions may be designed and manufactured through a layer-by-layer approach starting from a digital model realized according to the needs of a specific patient or a patient group. The combination of patient-tailored drug dose, dosage, or diagnostic form (shape and size) and drug release adjustment has the potential to ensure the optimal patient therapy. Among the different 3D printing techniques, extrusion-based technologies, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) and semi solid extrusion (SSE), are the most investigated for their high versatility, precision, feasibility, and cheapness. This review provides an overview on different 3DP techniques to produce personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices, highlighting, for each method, the critical printing process parameters, the main starting materials, as well as advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the recent developments of fused filament fabrication and semi solid extrusion 3DP are discussed. In this regard, the current state of the art, based on a detailed literature survey of the different 3D products printed via extrusion-based techniques, envisioning future directions in the clinical applications and diffusion of such systems, is summarized.
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Application and Multi-Stage Optimization of Daylight Polymer 3D Printing of Personalized Medicine Products. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040843. [PMID: 35456677 PMCID: PMC9029863 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive technologies have undoubtedly become one of the most intensively developing manufacturing methods in recent years. Among the numerous applications, the interest in 3D printing also includes its application in pharmacy for production of small batches of personalized drugs. For this reason, we conducted multi-stage pre-formulation studies to optimize the process of manufacturing solid dosage forms by photopolymerization with visible light. Based on tests planned and executed according to the design of the experiment (DoE), we selected the optimal quantitative composition of photocurable resin made of PEG 400, PEGDA MW 575, water, and riboflavin, a non-toxic photoinitiator. In subsequent stages, we adjusted the printer set-up and process parameters. Moreover, we assessed the influence of the co-initiators ascorbic acid or triethanolamine on the resin’s polymerization process. Next, based on an optimized formulation, we printed and analyzed drug-loaded tablets containing mebeverine hydrochloride, characterized by a gradual release of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), reaching 80% after 6 h. We proved the possibility of reusing the drug-loaded resin that was not hardened during printing and determined the linear correlation between the volume of the designed tablets and the amount of API, confirming the possibility of printing personalized modified-release tablets.
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Varghese R, Sood P, Salvi S, Karsiya J, Kumar D. 3D printing in the pharmaceutical sector: Advances and evidences. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Zu S, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Wang Z, Song Z, Guo Y, Xin Y, Zhang S. 4D printing of core–shell hydrogel capsules for smart controlled drug release. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Awad A, Madla CM, McCoubrey LE, Ferraro F, Gavins FK, Buanz A, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Siepmann F, Siepmann J, Basit AW. Clinical translation of advanced colonic drug delivery technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114076. [PMID: 34890739 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to the colon offers a myriad of benefits, including treatment of local diseases, direct access to unique therapeutic targets and the potential for increasing systemic drug bioavailability and efficacy. Although a range of traditional colonic delivery technologies are available, these systems exhibit inconsistent drug release due to physiological variability between and within individuals, which may be further exacerbated by underlying disease states. In recent years, significant translational and commercial advances have been made with the introduction of new technologies that incorporate independent multi-stimuli release mechanisms (pH and/or microbiota-dependent release). Harnessing these advanced technologies offers new possibilities for drug delivery via the colon, including the delivery of biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, nutrients, and microbiome therapeutics for the treatment of both local and systemic diseases. This review details the latest advances in colonic drug delivery, with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic opportunities and clinical technology translation.
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Qian H, Chen D, Xu X, Li R, Yan G, Fan T. FDM 3D-Printed Sustained-Release Gastric-Floating Verapamil Hydrochloride Formulations with Cylinder, Capsule and Hemisphere Shapes, and Low Infill Percentage. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020281. [PMID: 35214013 PMCID: PMC8878517 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to design and fabricate fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printed sustained-release gastric-floating formulations with different shapes (cylinder, capsule and hemisphere) and infill percentages (0% and 15%), and to investigate the influence of shape and infill percentage on the properties of the printed formulations. Drug-loaded filaments containing HPMC, Soluplus® and verapamil hydrochloride were prepared via hot-melt extrusion (HME) and then used to print the following gastric-floating formulations: cylinder-15, capsule-0, capsule-15, hemisphere-0 and hemisphere-15. The morphology of the filaments and the printed formulations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physical state of the drugs in the filaments and the printed formulations were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The printed formulations were evaluated in vitro, including the weight variation, hardness, floating time, drug content and drug release. The results showed that the drug-loaded filament prepared was successful in printing the gastric floating formulations. Verapamil hydrochloride was proved thermally stable during HME and FDM, and in an amorphous state in the filament and the printed formulations. The shape and infill percentage of the printed formulations effected the hardness, floating time and in vitro drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Q.); (D.C.); (R.L.)
- School Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Di Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Q.); (D.C.); (R.L.)
- School Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.X.); (G.Y.)
| | - Rui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Q.); (D.C.); (R.L.)
- School Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guangrong Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.X.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tianyuan Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Q.); (D.C.); (R.L.)
- School Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8280-5123
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Fang D, Pan H, Cui M, Qiao S, Li X, Wang T, Meng Q, Xu L, Pan W. Fabrication of three-dimensional-printed ofloxacin gastric floating sustained-release tablets with different structures. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Eleftheriadis GK, Genina N, Boetker J, Rantanen J. Modular design principle based on compartmental drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113921. [PMID: 34390776 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current manufacturing solutions for oral solid dosage forms are fundamentally based on technologies from the 19th century. This approach is well suited for mass production of one-size-fits-all products; however, it does not allow for a straight-forward personalization and mass customization of the pharmaceutical end-product. In order to provide better therapies to the patients, a need for innovative manufacturing concepts and product design principles has been rising. Additive manufacturing opens up a possibility for compartmentalization of drug products, including design of spatially separated multidrug and functional excipient compartments. This compartmentalized solution can be further expanded to modular design thinking. Modular design is referring to combination of building blocks containing a given amount of drug compound(s) and related functional excipients into a larger final product. Implementation of modular design principles is paving the way for implementing the emerging personalization potential within health sciences by designing compartmental and reactive product structures that can be manufactured based on the individual needs of each patient. This review will introduce the existing compartmentalized product design principles and discuss the integration of these into edible electronics allowing for innovative control of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Deshmane S, Kendre P, Mahajan H, Jain S. Stereolithography 3D printing technology in pharmaceuticals: a review. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1362-1372. [PMID: 34663145 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1994990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology is an innovative tool used in manufacturing medical devices, producing alloys, replacing biological tissues, producing customized dosage forms and so on. Stereolithography (SLA), a 3D printing technique, is very rapid and highly accurate and produces finished products of uniform quality. 3D formulations have been optimized with a perfect tool of artificial intelligence learning techniques. Complex designs/shapes can be fabricated through SLA using the photopolymerization principle. Different 3DP technologies are introduced and the most promising of these, SLA, and its commercial applications, are focused on. The high speed and effectiveness of SLA are highlighted. The working principle of SLA, the materials used and applications of the technique in a wide range of different sectors are highlighted in this review. An innovative idea of 3D printing customized pharmaceutical dosage forms is also presented. SLA compromises several advantages over other methods, such as cost effectiveness, controlled integrity of materials and greater speed. The development of SLA has allowed the development of printed pharmaceutical devices. Considering the present trends, it is expected that SLA will be used along with conventional methods of manufacturing of 3D model. This 3D printing technology may be utilized as a novel tool for delivering drugs on demand. This review will be useful for researchers working on 3D printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Deshmane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Malvihir, India
| | - Prakash Kendre
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Malvihir, India
| | - Hitendra Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shirish Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Malvihir, India
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3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091524. [PMID: 34575600 PMCID: PMC8468559 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.
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Willemen NGA, Morsink MAJ, Veerman D, da Silva CF, Cardoso JC, Souto EB, Severino P. From oral formulations to drug-eluting implants: using 3D and 4D printing to develop drug delivery systems and personalized medicine. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gaurkhede SG, Osipitan OO, Dromgoole G, Spencer SA, Pasqua AJD, Deng J. 3D Printing and Dissolution Testing of Novel Capsule Shells for Use in Delivering Acetaminophen. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3829-3837. [PMID: 34469748 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individualized drug delivery improves drug efficacy and safety for patients. To implement individualized drug delivery, patient-specific tailored dosages produced on a small scale are needed. However, current pharmaceutical manufacturing is not suitable for personalized dosage forms. Although convenient to deliver various drugs, current gelatin capsules using animal collagen protein have many limitations, such as releasing drugs too fast and incompatibility with some diets. In contrast, 3D printed capsules have great potential to advance individualized treatments. In this paper, we 3D printed and tested non-animal-based capsule shells for the delivery of acetaminophen. Capsule shells were composed of poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) and PVA blends with 5-25% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Dissolution of acetaminophen when delivered in -hese capsule shells was tested using a USP dissolution test apparatus 2 (paddle type) at gastric pH. The novel shells were compared to each other and to commercially available hard gelatin capsules. Dissolution results show that acetaminophen when delivered in 3D printed capsules was slower than when delivered by gelatin capsules. Increasing the percentage of HPMC in the blend further delayed its release and dissolution. This delay could potentially increase the efficacy and reduce the side effects of acetaminophen. These shells also offer a non-animal-based alternative to gelatin capsules. Furthermore, 3D printing of capsule shells with specific polymer blends may be useful for patient-specific therapy in compounding pharmacies across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu G Gaurkhede
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Ositomiwa O Osipitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, 96 Corliss Ave., Johnson City, NY 13790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Gary Dromgoole
- Distek, Inc. 121 N Center Dr, North Brunswick Township, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Sara A Spencer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, 96 Corliss Ave., Johnson City, NY 13790, USA
| | - Anthony J Di Pasqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, 96 Corliss Ave., Johnson City, NY 13790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Jia Deng
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, The Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Pkwy. E., Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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Zhang J, Amini N, Morton DA, Hapgood KP. 3D printing with particles as feedstock materials. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gaurav, Hasan N, Malik AK, Singh V, Raza K, Ahmad FJ, Kesharwani P, Jain GK. Recent update of 3D printing technology in pharmaceutical formulation development. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2306-2330. [PMID: 34387541 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1967702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In modern world, Pharma sector observes steep increase in demand of personalized medicine. Various unique ideas and technology were proposed and implemented by different researchers to prepare personalized medicine and devices. 3-dimensional printing (3DP) is one of the revolutionary technologies which can be used to prepare tailored medicine via CAD (Computer Aided Design) software. 3DP allows researchers to manufacture customized dosage form with desired modifications in geometry which would in turn alter dosage behaviour of the product with reduced side effects. Current achievement of 3DP includes personalized and adjustable dosage form, multifunction drug delivery systems, medical devices, phantoms, and implants specific to patient anatomy. Additionally, 3DP is employed for preparing tailored regenerative medicines. This review focuses on 3DP use in pharmaceuticals including drug delivery systems and medical devices with their method of fabrication. Additionally, different clinical trials as well as different patents done till date are cited in the paper. Furthermore, regulatory issues and future perspective related to 3 D printing is also well discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, Delhi, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanshikha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, Delhi, India
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Opportunities and challenges of three-dimensional printing technology in pharmaceutical formulation development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2488-2504. [PMID: 34567958 PMCID: PMC8447232 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer, in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design (CAD) software. This technology has competitive advantages regarding product design complexity, product personalization, and on-demand manufacturing. The emergence of 3D technology provides innovative strategies and new ways to develop novel drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the application of 3D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field, with an emphasis on the advantages of 3D printing technologies for achieving rapid drug delivery, personalized drug delivery, compound drug delivery and customized drug delivery. In addition, this article illustrates the limitations and challenges of 3D printing technologies in the field of pharmaceutical formulation development.
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Bhujbal SV, Mitra B, Jain U, Gong Y, Agrawal A, Karki S, Taylor LS, Kumar S, (Tony) Zhou Q. Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersion: A review of manufacturing strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2505-2536. [PMID: 34522596 PMCID: PMC8424289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are popular for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various approaches have been employed to produce ASDs and novel techniques are emerging. This review provides an updated overview of manufacturing techniques for preparing ASDs. As physical stability is a critical quality attribute for ASD, the impact of formulation, equipment, and process variables, together with the downstream processing on physical stability of ASDs have been discussed. Selection strategies are proposed to identify suitable manufacturing methods, which may aid in the development of ASDs with satisfactory physical stability.
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Key Words
- 3DP, three-dimensional printing
- ASDs, amorphous solid dispersions
- ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system
- Amorphous solid dispersions
- CAP, cellulose acetate phthalate
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- CSG, continuous-spray granulation
- Co-precipitation
- Downstream processing
- Drug delivery
- EPAS, evaporative aqueous solution precipitation
- Eudragit®, polymethacrylates derivatives
- FDM, fused deposition modeling
- GAS, gas antisolvent
- HME, hot-melt extrusion
- HPC, hydroxypropyl cellulose
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- HPMCAS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPMCP, hypromellose phthalate
- Manufacturing
- Melting process
- PCA, precipitation with compressed fluid antisolvent
- PGSS, precipitation from gas-saturated solutions
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- PVPVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate
- RESS, rapid expansion of a supercritical solution
- SAS, supercritical antisolvent
- SCFs, supercritical fluids
- SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion by SCF
- SLS, selective laser sintering
- Selection criteria
- Soluplus®, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer
- Solvent evaporation
- Stability
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- USC, ultrasound compaction
- scCO2, supercritical CO2
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V. Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Biplob Mitra
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Uday Jain
- Material Science and Engineering, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Yuchuan Gong
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Anjali Agrawal
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Shyam Karki
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Oral Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Patel SK, Khoder M, Peak M, Alhnan MA. Controlling drug release with additive manufacturing-based solutions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:369-386. [PMID: 33895213 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is an innovative manufacturing technology with great potential to revolutionise solid dosage forms. Novel features of 3D printing technology confer advantage over conventional solid dosage form manufacturing technologies, including rapid prototyping and an unparalleled capability to fabricate complex geometries with spatially separated conformations. Such a novel technology could transform the pharmaceutical industry, enabling the production of highly personalised dosage forms with well-defined release profiles. In this work, we review the current state of the art of using additive manufacturing for predicting and understanding drug release from 3D printed novel structures. Furthermore, we describe a wide spectrum of 3D printing technologies, materials, procedure, and processing parameters used to fabricate fundamentally different matrices with different drug releases. The different methods to manipulate drug release patterns including the surface area-to-mass ratio, infill pattern, geometry, and composition, are critically evaluated. Moreover, the drug release mechanisms and models that could aid exploiting the release profile are also covered. Finally, this review also covers the design opportunities alongside the technical and regulatory challenges that these rapidly evolving technologies present.
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