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Cheng H, Wang Y, Hong Y, Wu F, Shen L, Lin X. Low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose obtained by electron beam irradiation and its performance in spray drying. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133626. [PMID: 38964691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was obtained by electron beam irradiation, and its use as an excipient for improving the properties of spray dried pharmaceutical powders was investigated. The minimum molecular weight of HPMC which could maintain the capacity of encapsulation and powder modification was explored. As the irradiation dose was increased from 10 to 200 kGy, the molecular weight and viscosity of HPMC decreased linearly. However, its main structure and degrees of methoxy and hydroxypropyl substitution were not significantly affected. The irradiated HPMC could encapsulate particles during spray drying and, thus, modify powder properties. Furthermore, the water content of spray-dried powders with irradiated HPMC was lower than that with parent HPMC. After the spray-dried powder with irradiated HPMC was prepared into granules, their dissolution rate was also faster. However, in order to achieve high encapsulation, the molecular weight of HPMC should be ensured to be above 7.5 kDa. The designated low-viscosity HPMC obtained by electron beam irradiation is a suitable powder-modification material for use in spray drying, and it shows promise as a superior excipient in medicine, food, paint industries, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Yanlong Hong
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Fu S, Luo Y, Liu Y, Liao Q, Kong S, Yang A, Lin L, Li H. Mining association rules between the granulation feasibility and physicochemical properties of aqueous extracts from Chinese herbal medicine in fluidized bed granulation. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:19065-19085. [PMID: 38052591 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluidized bed granulation (FBG) is a widely used granulation technology in the pharmaceutical industry. However, defluidization caused by the formation of large aggregates poses a challenge to FBG, particularly in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its complex physicochemical properties of aqueous extracts. Therefore, this study aims to identify the complex relationships between physicochemical characteristics and defluidization using data mining methods. Initially, 50 types of TCM were decocted and assessed for their potential influence on defluidization using a set of 11 physical properties and 10 chemical components, utilizing the loss rate as an evaluation index. Subsequently, the random forest (RF) and Apriori algorithms were utilized to uncover intricate association rules among physicochemical characteristics and defluidization. The RF algorithm analysis revealed the top 8 critical factors associated with defluidization. These factors include physical properties like glass transition temperature (Tg) and dynamic surface tension (DST) of DST100ms, DST1000ms, DST10ms and conductivity, in addition to chemical components such as fructose, glucose and protein contents. The results from Apriori algorithm demonstrated that lower Tg and conductivity were associated with an increased risk of defluidization, resulting in a higher loss rate. Moreover, DST100ms, DST1000ms and DST10ms exhibited a contrasting trend in the physical properties Specifically, defluidization probability increases when Tg and conductivity dip below 29.04℃ and 6.21 ms/m respectively, coupled with DST10ms, DST100ms and DST1000ms values exceeding 70.40 mN/m, 66.66 mN/m and 61.58 mN/m, respectively. Moreover, an elevated content of low molecular weight saccharides was associated with a higher occurrence of defluidization, accompanied by an increased loss rate. In contrast, protein content displayed an opposite trend regarding chemical properties. Precisely, the defluidization likelihood amplifies when fructose and glucose contents surpass 20.35 mg/g and 34.05 mg/g respectively, and protein concentration is less than 1.63 mg/g. Finally, evaluation criteria for defluidization were proposed based on these results, which could be used to avoid this situation during the granulation process. This study demonstrated that the RF and Apriori algorithms are effective data mining methods capable of uncovering key factors affecting defluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Fu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shasha Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Anhui Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Longfei Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Nunta R, Khemacheewakul J, Sommanee S, Mahakuntha C, Chompoo M, Phimolsiripol Y, Jantanasakulwong K, Kumar A, Leksawasdi N. Extraction of gymnemic acid from Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. leaves and production of dry powder extract using maltodextrin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11193. [PMID: 37433848 PMCID: PMC10336054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to maximize the extraction of gymnemic acid (GA) from Phak Chiang Da (PCD) leaves, an indigenous medicinal plant used for diabetic treatment in Northern Thailand. The goal was to overcome the low concentration of GA in the leaves, which limits its applications among a larger population and develop a process to produce GA-enriched PCD extract powder. The solvent extraction method was employed to extract GA from PCD leaves. The effect of ethanol concentration and extraction temperature were investigated to determine the optimum extraction conditions. A process was developed to produce GA-enriched PCD extract powder, and its properties were characterized. In addition, color analysis (L*, a*, and b*) was performed to evaluate the overall appearance of the PCD extract powder. Antioxidant activity assay was conducted to assess the ability of the PCD extract powder to neutralize DPPH free radicals. The results showed that the concentration of 50% (v/v) ethanol at 70 °C for 2 h resulted in a higher GA concentration of 8307 mg/kg from dried PCD leaves. During the drying process, the use of maltodextrin at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) was found to produce PCD extract powder with the maximum GA concentration. The color analysis revealed that the PCD extract powder had a dark greenish tint mixed with yellow. The antioxidant activity assay showed that 0.1 g of PCD extract powder was able to neutralize 75.8% of DPPH free radicals. The results concluded that PCD extract powder could potentially be used as a source of nutraceuticals or as a functional food ingredient. These findings suggest the potential value of GA-rich PCD extract powder in various applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, or food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojarej Nunta
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Division of Food Innovation and Business, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100, Thailand
| | - Julaluk Khemacheewakul
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Sumeth Sommanee
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Chatchadaporn Mahakuntha
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Mayuree Chompoo
- Division of Food Innovation and Business, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, 52100, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Anbarasu Kumar
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science & Technology, Thanjavur, 613403, India.
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG) & Bioprocess Research Cluster (BRC), School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
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