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Clark PJ, Brodnik ZD, España RA. Chemogenetic Signaling in Space and Time: Considerations for Designing Neuroscience Experiments Using DREADDs. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:328-346. [PMID: 36408535 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221134587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The use of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) has led to significant advances in our understanding of the neural circuits that govern behavior. By allowing selective control over cellular activity and signaling, DREADDs have become an integral tool for defining the pathways and cellular phenotypes that regulate sleep, pain, motor activity, goal-directed behaviors, and a variety of other processes. In this review, we provide a brief overview of DREADDs and discuss notable discoveries in the neurosciences with an emphasis on circuit mechanisms. We then highlight methodological approaches to achieve pathway specific activation of DREADDs. Finally, we discuss spatial and temporal constraints of DREADDs signaling and how these features can be incorporated into experimental designs to precisely dissect circuits of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Clark
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Lung H, Wentworth KL, Moody T, Zamarioli A, Ram A, Ganesh G, Kang M, Ho S, Hsiao EC. Wnt pathway inhibition with the porcupine inhibitor LGK974 decreases trabecular bone but not fibrosis in a murine model with fibrotic bone. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae011. [PMID: 38577521 PMCID: PMC10994528 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate a wide spectrum of physiological functions, including the development, remodeling, and repair of the skeleton. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) of the bone is characterized by fibrotic, expansile bone lesions caused by activating mutations in GNAS. There are no effective therapies for FD. We previously showed that ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mice, in which Gs-GPCR signaling was hyper-activated in osteoblastic cell lineages using an engineered receptor strategy, developed a fibrotic bone phenotype with trabecularization that could be reversed by normalizing Gs-GPCR signaling, suggesting that targeting the Gs-GPCR or components of the downstream signaling pathway could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for FD. The Wnt signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of FD-like bone, but the specific Wnts and which cells produce them remain largely unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing on long-bone stromal cells of 9-wk-old male ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mice and littermate controls showed that fibroblastic stromal cells in ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mice were expanded. Multiple Wnt ligands were up- or downregulated in different cellular populations, including in non-osteoblastic cells. Treatment with the porcupine inhibitor LGK974, which blocks Wnt signaling broadly, induced partial resorption of the trabecular bone in the femurs of ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mice, but no significant changes in the craniofacial skeleton. Bone fibrosis remained evident after treatment. Notably, LGK974 caused significant bone loss in control mice. These results provide new insights into the role of Wnt and Gs-signaling in fibrosis and bone formation in a mouse model of Gs-GPCR pathway overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Lung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kelly L Wentworth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Tania Moody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Ariane Zamarioli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics and Anesthesiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (SP) 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Apsara Ram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Gauri Ganesh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Misun Kang
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Sunita Ho
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Edward C Hsiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Institute for Human Genetics, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
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Mio K, Ohkubo T, Sasaki D, Sugiura M, Kawaguchi K, Araki K, Taninaka K, Sakaguchi M, Nozawa S, Arai T, Sasaki YC. Simultaneous Recording of Remote Domain Dynamics in Membrane Proteins Using the Double-Labeled DXB/DXT Technique. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:75. [PMID: 38668103 PMCID: PMC11052370 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein dynamics play important roles in biological functions, which accompany allosteric structure changes. Diffracted X-ray blinking (DXB) uses monochromatic X-rays and nanocrystal probes. The intramolecular motion of target proteins is analyzed from the intensity changes in detector signals at the diffraction rings. In contrast, diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT) elucidates molecular dynamics by analyzing the trajectories of Laue spots. In this study, we have developed a dual-labeling technique for DXB and DXT, allowing the simultaneous observation of motions at different domains in proteins. We identified zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals as promising candidates for the second labeling probes due to their excellent diffraction patterns, high chemical stability, and favorable binding properties with proteins. The diffraction spots from the ZnO crystals are sufficiently separated from those of gold, enabling independent motion analysis at different domains. Dual-labeling DXB was employed for the motion analysis of the 5-HT2A receptor in living cells. Simultaneous motion recording of the N-terminus and the second extracellular loop demonstrated ligand-induced motion suppression at both domains. The dual-labeling DXT technique demonstrated a capsaicin-induced peak shift in the two-dimensional motion maps at the N-terminus of the TRPV1 protein, but the peak shift was not obvious in the C-terminus. The capsaicin-induced motion modulation was recovered by the addition of the competitive inhibitor AMG9810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Mio
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Ohkubo
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; (D.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Mayui Sugiura
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Kayoko Kawaguchi
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Kazutaka Araki
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Keizaburo Taninaka
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; (D.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Masaki Sakaguchi
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; (D.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Arai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; (D.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Yuji C. Sasaki
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; (T.O.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (K.A.); (K.T.); (M.S.)
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; (D.S.); (T.A.)
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Atre I, Mizrahi N, Hausken K, Levavi-Sivan B. In silico insights into intra- and inter-species interactions of piscine gonadotropin hormones and receptor crosstalk. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129524. [PMID: 38242398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are macromolecules secreted during specific reproductive phases and display strict specificity towards their cognate receptors. However, fish gonadotropins (GTH) and their receptors (GTHR) display diverse species-specific expression patterns, secretion patterns, and intra- and interspecies cross-activation. To uncover the molecular basis of this diversity, we generated and analyzed 29 in-silico models of intra- and inter-species combinations of sturgeon, carp, tilapia, and human gonadotropins with piscine receptors and analyzed the resulting receptor activation and signal transduction of these GTHR-GTH complexes in-vitro. Our results suggest that unlike humans, the surface charge on piscine FSH/LH β-seatbelt and N107huLHCGR/K104hFSHR homologs does not necessarily determine binding specificity. Instead, sequence and structural variations allow piscine GTHs significant conformational flexibility when binding to the receptor extracellular domain, thereby enabling cross-activation. The resulting diversity may support various reproductive strategies in different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Atre
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Mizrahi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Krist Hausken
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Henning RW, Kosheleva I, Šrajer V, Kim IS, Zoellner E, Ranganathan R. BioCARS: Synchrotron facility for probing structural dynamics of biological macromolecules. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:014301. [PMID: 38304444 PMCID: PMC10834067 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A major goal in biomedical science is to move beyond static images of proteins and other biological macromolecules to the internal dynamics underlying their function. This level of study is necessary to understand how these molecules work and to engineer new functions and modulators of function. Stemming from a visionary commitment to this problem by Keith Moffat decades ago, a community of structural biologists has now enabled a set of x-ray scattering technologies for observing intramolecular dynamics in biological macromolecules at atomic resolution and over the broad range of timescales over which motions are functionally relevant. Many of these techniques are provided by BioCARS, a cutting-edge synchrotron radiation facility built under Moffat leadership and located at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. BioCARS enables experimental studies of molecular dynamics with time resolutions spanning from 100 ps to seconds and provides both time-resolved x-ray crystallography and small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Structural changes can be initiated by several methods-UV/Vis pumping with tunable picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses, substrate diffusion, and global perturbations, such as electric field and temperature jumps. Studies of dynamics typically involve subtle perturbations to molecular structures, requiring specialized computational techniques for data processing and interpretation. In this review, we present the challenges in experimental macromolecular dynamics and describe the current state of experimental capabilities at this facility. As Moffat imagined years ago, BioCARS is now positioned to catalyze the scientific community to make fundamental advances in understanding proteins and other complex biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Henning
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Irina Kosheleva
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Vukica Šrajer
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - In-Sik Kim
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Eric Zoellner
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Rama Ranganathan
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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6
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Xue H, Mei C, Wang F, Tang X. Relationship among Chinese herb polysaccharide (CHP), gut microbiota, and chronic diarrhea and impact of CHP on chronic diarrhea. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5837-5855. [PMID: 37823142 PMCID: PMC10563694 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diarrhea, including diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), osmotic diarrhea, bile acid diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, is a common problem which is highly associated with disorders of the gut microbiota composition such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and so on. A growing number of studies have supported the view that Chinese herbal formula alleviates the symptoms of diarrhea by modulating the fecal microbiota. Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in Chinese herbs and function as important active ingredients. Commensal gut microbiota has an extensive capacity to utilize CHPs and play a vital role in degrading polysaccharides into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Many CHPs, as prebiotics, have an antidiarrheal role to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This review systematically summarizes the relationship among gut microbiota, chronic diarrhea, and CHPs as well as recent progress on the impacts of CHPs on the gut microbiota and recent advances on the possible role of CHPs in chronic diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xue
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chun‐Feng Mei
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feng‐Yun Wang
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xu‐Dong Tang
- Digestive Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Spleen and Stomach DiseasesXiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Senapati S, Park PSH. Understanding the Rhodopsin Worldview Through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Structure, Stability, and Activity Studies. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300113. [PMID: 37265335 PMCID: PMC10908267 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhodopsin is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) present in the rod outer segment (ROS) of photoreceptor cells that initiates the phototransduction cascade required for scotopic vision. Due to the remarkable advancements in technological tools, the chemistry of rhodopsin has begun to unravel especially over the past few decades, but mostly at the ensemble scale. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a tool capable of providing critical information from a single-molecule point of view. In this regard, to bolster our understanding of rhodopsin at the nanoscale level, AFM-based imaging, force spectroscopy, and nano-indentation techniques were employed on ROS disc membranes containing rhodopsin, isolated from vertebrate species both in normal and diseased states. These AFM studies on samples from native retinal tissue have provided fundamental insights into the structure and function of rhodopsin under normal and dysfunctional states. We review here the findings from these AFM studies that provide important insights on the supramolecular organization of rhodopsin within the membrane and factors that contribute to this organization, the molecular interactions stabilizing the structure of the receptor and factors that can modify those interactions, and the mechanism underlying constitutive activity in the receptor that can cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Senapati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Prayoga Institute of Education Research, Bengaluru, KA 560116, India
| | - Paul S-H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Tauber M, Ben-Chaim Y. Functional consequences of a rare human serotonergic 5-HT 1A receptor variant. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1270726. [PMID: 37795037 PMCID: PMC10547147 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1270726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) plays a central role in various brain functions via the activation of a family of receptors, most of them G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). 5-HT1A receptor, the most abundant 5-HT receptors, was implicated in many brain dysfunctions and is a major target for drug discovery. Several genetic polymorphisms within the 5-HT1A receptor gene were identified and linked to different conditions, including anxiety and depression. Here, we used Xenopus oocytes to examine the effects of one of the functional polymorphism, Arg220Leu, on the function of the receptor. We found that the mutated receptor shows normal activation of G protein and normal 5-HT binding. On the other hand, the mutated receptor shows impaired desensitization, probably due to impairment in activation of β arrestin-dependent pathway. Furthermore, while the 5-HT1A receptor was shown to exhibit voltage dependent activation by serotonin and by buspirone, the mutated receptor was voltage-independent. Our results suggest a pronounced effect of the mutation on the function of the 5-HT1A receptor and add to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of its voltage dependence. Moreover, the findings of this study may suggest a functional explanation for the possible link between this variant and brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yair Ben-Chaim
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana, Israel
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Paulson OB, Schousboe A, Hultborn H. The history of Danish neuroscience. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2893-2960. [PMID: 37477973 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The history of Danish neuroscience starts with an account of impressive contributions made at the 17th century. Thomas Bartholin was the first Danish neuroscientist, and his disciple Nicolaus Steno became internationally one of the most prominent neuroscientists in this period. From the start, Danish neuroscience was linked to clinical disciplines. This continued in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries with new initiatives linking basic neuroscience to clinical neurology and psychiatry in the same scientific environment. Subsequently, from the middle of the 20th century, basic neuroscience was developing rapidly within the preclinical university sector. Clinical neuroscience continued and was even reinforced during this period with important translational research and a close co-operation between basic and clinical neuroscience. To distinguish 'history' from 'present time' is not easy, as many historical events continue in present time. Therefore, we decided to consider 'History' as new major scientific developments in Denmark, which were launched before the end of the 20th century. With this aim, scientists mentioned will have been born, with a few exceptions, no later than the early 1960s. However, we often refer to more recent publications in documenting the developments of initiatives launched before the end of the last century. In addition, several scientists have moved to Denmark after the beginning of the present century, and they certainly are contributing to the present status of Danish neuroscience-but, again, this is not the History of Danish neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf B Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Hultborn
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Maslov I, Volkov O, Khorn P, Orekhov P, Gusach A, Kuzmichev P, Gerasimov A, Luginina A, Coucke Q, Bogorodskiy A, Gordeliy V, Wanninger S, Barth A, Mishin A, Hofkens J, Cherezov V, Gensch T, Hendrix J, Borshchevskiy V. Sub-millisecond conformational dynamics of the A 2A adenosine receptor revealed by single-molecule FRET. Commun Biol 2023; 6:362. [PMID: 37012383 PMCID: PMC10070357 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is defined by their multi-state conformational dynamics. Single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) is well suited to quantify dynamics for individual protein molecules; however, its application to GPCRs is challenging. Therefore, smFRET has been limited to studies of inter-receptor interactions in cellular membranes and receptors in detergent environments. Here, we performed smFRET experiments on functionally active human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) molecules embedded in freely diffusing lipid nanodiscs to study their intramolecular conformational dynamics. We propose a dynamic model of A2AAR activation that involves a slow (>2 ms) exchange between the active-like and inactive-like conformations in both apo and antagonist-bound A2AAR, explaining the receptor's constitutive activity. For the agonist-bound A2AAR, we detected faster (390 ± 80 µs) ligand efficacy-dependent dynamics. Our work establishes a general smFRET platform for GPCR investigations that can potentially be used for drug screening and/or mechanism-of-action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Maslov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan C (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Polina Khorn
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Philipp Orekhov
- Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anastasiia Gusach
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pavel Kuzmichev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey Gerasimov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Quinten Coucke
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Wanninger
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative München (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders Barth
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Nano Science (CENS), Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative München (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Max Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan C (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Photochemistry and Spectroscopy, Division for Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation.
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11
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Nchourupouo KWT, Nde J, Ngouongo YJW, Zekeng SS, Fongang B. Evolutionary Couplings and Molecular Dynamic Simulations Highlight Details of GPCRs Heterodimers' Interfaces. Molecules 2023; 28:1838. [PMID: 36838825 PMCID: PMC9966702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that only a few amino acids ("hot-spots") at the interface contribute most of the binding energy in transient protein-protein interactions. However, experimental protocols to identify these hot-spots are highly labor-intensive and expensive. Computational methods, including evolutionary couplings, have been proposed to predict the hot-spots, but they generally fail to provide details of the interacting amino acids. Here we showed that unbiased evolutionary methods followed by biased molecular dynamic simulations could achieve this goal and reveal critical elements of protein complexes. We applied the methodology to selected G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), known for their therapeutic properties. We used the structure-prior-assisted direct coupling analysis (SP-DCA) to predict the binding interfaces of A2aR/D2R, CB1R/D2R, A2aR/CB1R, 5HT2AR/D2R, and 5-HT2AR/mGluR2 receptor heterodimers, which all agreed with published data. In order to highlight details of the interactions, we performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using the newly developed AWSEM energy model. We found that these receptors interact primarily through critical residues at the C and N terminal domains and the third intracellular loop (ICL3). The MD simulations showed that these residues are energetically necessary for dimerization and revealed their native conformational state. We subsequently applied the methodology to the 5-HT2AR/5-HTR4R heterodimer, given its implication in drug addiction and neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further, the SP-DCA analysis showed that 5-HT2AR and 5-HTR4R heterodimerize through the C-terminal domain of 5-HT2AR and ICL3 of 5-HT4R. However, elucidating the details of GPCR interactions would accelerate the discovery of druggable sites and improve our knowledge of the etiology of common diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Widad Temgbet Nchourupouo
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials, and Structures, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Jules Nde
- Department of Physics, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Yannick Joel Wadop Ngouongo
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Serge Sylvain Zekeng
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Materials, and Structures, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Bernard Fongang
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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12
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Haueis L, Stech M, Schneider E, Lanz T, Hebel N, Zemella A, Kubick S. Rapid One-Step Capturing of Native, Cell-Free Synthesized and Membrane-Embedded GLP-1R. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032808. [PMID: 36769142 PMCID: PMC9917595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are of outstanding pharmacological interest as they are abundant in cell membranes where they perform diverse functions that are closely related to the vitality of cells. The analysis of GPCRs in natural membranes is laborious, as established methods are almost exclusively cell culture-based and only a few methods for immobilization in a natural membrane outside the cell are known. Within this study, we present a one-step, fast and robust immobilization strategy of the GPCR glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R). GLP-1R was synthesized in eukaryotic lysates harboring endogenous endoplasmic reticulum-derived microsomes enabling the embedment of GLP-1R in a natural membrane. Interestingly, we found that these microsomes spontaneously adsorbed to magnetic Neutravidin beads thus providing immobilized membrane protein preparations which required no additional manipulation of the target receptor or its supporting membrane. The accessibility of the extracellular domain of membrane-embedded and bead-immobilized GLP-1R was demonstrated by bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using GLP-1R-specific monoclonal antibodies. In addition, ligand binding of immobilized GLP-1R was verified in a radioligand binding assay. In summary, we present an easy and straightforward synthesis and immobilization methodology of an active GPCR which can be beneficial for studying membrane proteins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Haueis
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Thorsten Lanz
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Hebel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Kundu A, Jaiswal N, Rao U, Somvanshi VS. Stringent in-silico identification of putative G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. J Nematol 2023; 55:20230038. [PMID: 38026552 PMCID: PMC10670001 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The infective juveniles (IJs) of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora find and infect their host insects in heterogeneous soil ecosystems by sensing a universal host cue (CO2) or insect/plant-derived odorants, which bind to various sensory receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Nematode chemosensory GPCRs (NemChRs) bind to a diverse set of ligands, including odor molecules. However, there is a lack of information on the NemChRs in EPNs. Here we identified 21 GPCRs in the H. bacteriophora genome sequence in a triphasic manner, combining various transmembrane detectors and GPCR predictors based on different algorithms, and considering inherent properties of GPCRs. The pipeline was validated by reciprocal BLAST, InterProscan, GPCR-CA, and NCBI CDD search. Functional classification of predicted GPCRs using Pfam revealed the presence of four NemChRs. Additionally, GPCRs were classified into various families based on the reciprocal BLAST approach into a frizzled type, a secretin type, and 19 rhodopsin types of GPCRs. Gi/o is the most abundant kind of G-protein, having a coupling specificity to all the fetched GPCRs. As the 21 GPCRs identified are expected to play a crucial role in the host-seeking behavior, these might be targeted to develop novel insect-pest management strategies by tweaking EPN IJ behavior, or to design novel anthelminthic drugs. Our new and stringent GPCR detection pipeline may also be used to identify GPCRs from the genome sequence of other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artha Kundu
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-12, India
| | - Nisha Jaiswal
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-12, India
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-12, India
| | - Vishal Singh Somvanshi
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-12, India
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14
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Mo H, Yu H, Li Y, Ezeorba TPC, Zhang Z, Yao M, Yu J, Xiong D, Liu H, Wang L. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of melanocortin-3 receptor in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:155-167. [PMID: 36547499 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-3-receptor (MC3R) plays an important role in mammals' food intake and energy homeostasis. However, its physiological role in bony fishes, such as grass carp, has not been well understood. This study reports the molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of grass carp melanocortin-3-receptor (ciMC3R). Phylogenetic and chromosomal synteny analyses indicated that ciMC3R was closest to cyprinid fishes in evolution. Quantitative PCR experiments revealed that the mRNA of ciMC3R was highly expressed in the brain of grass carp. The cytological function of ciMC3R was investigated by the co-transfection of pcDNA3.1-ciMC3R and the signal-pathway-specific luciferase into the HEK293T cells. Results revealed that the four agonists, α-MSH, β-MSH, ACTH, and NDP-MSH, potentiate the activation of ciMC3R and further increase the production of cAMP and upregulate the MAPK/ERK signaling, respectively. Our study will provide basic data for exploring the physiological functions of grass carp MC3R, especially in energy homeostasis and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huixia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Timothy P C Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Ihe Nsukka, Nsukka, 41001, Nigeria
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxin Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Kaur G, Verma SK, Singh D, Singh NK. Role of G-Proteins and GPCRs in Cardiovascular Pathologies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010076. [PMID: 36671648 PMCID: PMC9854459 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling is a fundamental process that enables cells to survive under various ecological and environmental contexts and imparts tolerance towards stressful conditions. The basic machinery for cell signaling includes a receptor molecule that senses and receives the signal. The primary form of the signal might be a hormone, light, an antigen, an odorant, a neurotransmitter, etc. Similarly, heterotrimeric G-proteins principally provide communication from the plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the inner compartments of the cells to control various biochemical activities. G-protein-coupled signaling regulates different physiological functions in the targeted cell types. This review article discusses G-proteins' signaling and regulation functions and their physiological relevance. In addition, we also elaborate on the role of G-proteins in several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Verma
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Deepak Singh
- Lloyd Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Nikhlesh K. Singh
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Chalhoub G, McCormick PJ. Palmitoylation and G-protein coupled receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 193:195-211. [PMID: 36357078 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
More and more it is being appreciated that not all GPCRs are the same, sub-populations of GPCRs exist within a cell and function differently than others. The question is, how does one regulate a given sub-population? One way is through the addition of post-translational modifications to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). This process has long been known to occur and play a role in trafficking, pharmacology and ultimately function. This chapter will focus on one particular modification, that of S-palmitoylation, and its impact on GPCR function. We will discuss the history of this modification on these receptors and the connection with disease. We will highlight several examples from the literature of where palmitoylation impacts GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Chalhoub
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Liu Z, Nan Y, Luo Q, Wu X, Liu S, Zhao P, Chang W, Zhou A. DLGAP1-AS2-Mediated Phosphatidic Acid Synthesis Activates YAP Signaling and Confers Chemoresistance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2887-2903. [PMID: 35731019 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) constitute a group of human malignancies that originate from the squamous epithelium. Most SCC patients experience treatment failure and relapse and have a poor prognosis due to de novo and acquired resistance to first-line chemotherapeutic agents. To identify chemoresistance mechanisms and explore novel targets for chemosensitization, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of paired resistant and parental SCC cells. We identified DLGAP1 antisense RNA 2 (D-AS2) as a crucial noncoding RNA that contributes to chemoresistance in SCC. Mechanistically, D-AS2 affected chromatin accessibility around the histone mark H3K27ac of FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule D (FAM3D), reducing FAM3D mRNA transcription and extracellular protein secretion. FAM3D interacted with the Gαi-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and FPR2 to suppress phospholipase D (PLD) activity, and reduced FAM3D increased PLD signaling. Moreover, activated PLD promoted phosphatidic acid (PA) production and subsequent nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP). Accordingly, in vivo administration of a D-AS2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide sensitized SCC to cisplatin treatment. In summary, this study shows that D-AS2/FAM3D-mediated PLD/PA lipid signaling is essential for SCC chemoresistance, suggesting D-AS2 can be targeted to sensitize SCC to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yabing Nan
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Luo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shi Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Chang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhou
- National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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18
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Yoon S, Kim MA, Lee JS, Sohn YC. Functional analysis of LFRFamide signaling in Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267039. [PMID: 35511902 PMCID: PMC9071130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The invertebrate LFRFamide (LFRFa) and short neuropeptide F (sNPF), consisting of 6 to 10 amino acids, are orthologs for bilaterian NPF/Y, which consist of 36 to 40 amino acids. Recently, a molluscan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for NPF was characterized in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). To address the functional evolutionary route of the invertebrate LFRFa and NPF signaling system, in this study, we identified cDNAs encoding LFRFa precursors and the sNPF receptor (Hdh-sNPFR) in Pacific abalone. Four LFRFa mature peptides with 6 or 7 amino acids were predicted: GSLFRFa, GGLFRFa, GTLFRFa, and GSTLFRFa. Hdh-sNPFR was identified as a classical rhodopsin-like GPCR and classified into a molluscan sNPFR group. In HEK293 cells, Hdh-sNPFR was mainly localized in the cell membranes and internalized in the cytoplasm following treatment with LFRFa peptides. Reporter assays demonstrated that LFRFa peptides inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in Hdh-sNPFR-expressing HEK293 cells. LFRFa precursor and Hdh-sNPFR transcripts were more strongly expressed in the cerebral and pleural-pedal ganglia of Pacific abalone than in the peripheral tissues such as the ovary, gills, intestine, and hepatopancreas. The levels of LFRFa transcripts in the ovary, intestine, and hepatopancreas were significantly higher in mature female abalone than in immature females. Injection of LFRFa induced the egg release and spawning behavior of mature abalone, but suppressed food intake. These results suggest that LFRFa peptides are endogenous ligands for Hdh-sNPFR involved in food intake and reproduction through a Gαi-protein dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Yoon
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sick Lee
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Sohn
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Mayendraraj A, Rosenkilde MM, Gasbjerg LS. GLP-1 and GIP receptor signaling in beta cells - A review of receptor interactions and co-stimulation. Peptides 2022; 151:170749. [PMID: 35065096 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) are two class B1 G protein-coupled receptors, which are stimulated by the gastrointestinal hormones GLP-1 and GIP, respectively. In the pancreatic beta cells, activation of both receptors lead to increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Marketed GLP-1R agonists such as dulaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide and semaglutide constitute an expanding drug class with beneficial effects for persons suffering from type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. In recent years another drug class, the GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonists, has emerged. Especially the peptide-based, co-agonist tirzepatide is a promising candidate for a better treatment of type 2 diabetes by improving glycemic control and weight reduction. The mechanism of action for tirzepatide include biased signaling of the GLP-1R as well as potent GIPR signaling. Since the implications of co-targeting these closely related receptors concomitantly are challenging to study in vivo, the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways of the GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonists in general, are not fully elucidated. In this review, we present the individual signaling pathways for GLP-1R and GIPR in the pancreatic beta cell with a focus on the shared signaling pathways of the two receptors and interpret the implications of GLP-1R-GIPR co-activation in the light of recent co-activating therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Mayendraraj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke S Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Anderson RC, Hanyroup S, Song YB, Mohamed-Moosa Z, van den Bout I, Schwulst AC, Kaiser UB, Millar RP, Newton CL. Functional Rescue of Inactivating Mutations of the Human Neurokinin 3 Receptor Using Pharmacological Chaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094587. [PMID: 35562976 PMCID: PMC9100388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) facilitate the majority of signal transductions across cell membranes in humans, with numerous diseases attributed to inactivating GPCR mutations. Many of these mutations result in misfolding during nascent receptor synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in intracellular retention and degradation. Pharmacological chaperones (PCs) are cell-permeant small molecules that can interact with misfolded receptors in the ER and stabilise/rescue their folding to promote ER exit and trafficking to the cell membrane. The neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) plays a pivotal role in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal reproductive axis. We sought to determine whether NK3R missense mutations result in a loss of cell surface receptor expression and, if so, whether a cell-permeant small molecule NK3R antagonist could be repurposed as a PC to restore function to these mutants. Quantitation of cell surface expression levels of seven mutant NK3Rs identified in hypogonadal patients indicated that five had severely impaired cell surface expression. A small molecule NK3R antagonist, M8, increased cell surface expression in four of these five and resulted in post-translational receptor processing in a manner analogous to the wild type. Importantly, there was a significant improvement in receptor activation in response to neurokinin B (NKB) for all four receptors following their rescue with M8. This demonstrates that M8 may have potential for therapeutic development in the treatment of hypogonadal patients harbouring NK3R mutations. The repurposing of existing small molecule GPCR modulators as PCs represents a novel and therapeutically viable option for the treatment of disorders attributed to mutations in GPCRs that cause intracellular retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C. Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Sharika Hanyroup
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
| | - Yong Bhum Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.B.S.); (U.B.K.)
- Division of Research Center, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Zulfiah Mohamed-Moosa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Iman van den Bout
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
| | - Alexis C. Schwulst
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.B.S.); (U.B.K.)
| | - Robert P. Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Claire L. Newton
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa; (S.H.); (Z.M.-M.); (I.v.d.B.); (A.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (C.L.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
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21
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Temerozo JR, Sacramento CQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Pão CRR, de Freitas CS, Dias SSG, Ferreira AC, Mattos M, Soares VC, Teixeira L, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Hottz ED, Kurtz P, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Souza TML, Bou-Habib DC. VIP plasma levels associate with survival in severe COVID-19 patients, correlating with protective effects in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1107-1121. [PMID: 35322471 PMCID: PMC9088587 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5cova1121-626r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 may elicit uncontrolled and damaging inflammatory responses. Thus, it is critical to identify compounds able to inhibit virus replication and thwart the inflammatory reaction. Here, we show that the plasma levels of the immunoregulatory neuropeptide VIP are elevated in patients with severe COVID‐19, correlating with reduced inflammatory mediators and with survival on those patients. In vitro, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), highly similar neuropeptides, decreased the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA content in human monocytes and viral production in lung epithelial cells, also reducing cell death. Both neuropeptides inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators in lung epithelial cells and in monocytes. VIP and PACAP prevented in monocytes the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced activation of NF‐kB and SREBP1 and SREBP2, transcriptions factors involved in proinflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism, respectively. They also promoted CREB activation, a transcription factor with antiapoptotic activity and negative regulator of NF‐kB. Specific inhibition of NF‐kB and SREBP1/2 reproduced the anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and cell death protection effects of VIP and PACAP. Our results support further clinical investigations of these neuropeptides against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo R Temerozo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q Sacramento
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila R R Pão
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline S de Freitas
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André C Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Program of Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lívia Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Kurtz
- Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Vincenzi M, Milella MS, D’Ottavio G, Caprioli D, Reverte I, Maftei D. Targeting Chemokines and Chemokine GPCRs to Enhance Strong Opioid Efficacy in Neuropathic Pain. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030398. [PMID: 35330149 PMCID: PMC8955776 DOI: 10.3390/life12030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) originates from an injury or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. This heterogeneous origin and the possible association with other pathologies make the management of NP a real challenge. To date, there are no satisfactory treatments for this type of chronic pain. Even strong opioids, the gold-standard analgesics for nociceptive and cancer pain, display low efficacy and the paradoxical ability to exacerbate pain sensitivity in NP patients. Mounting evidence suggests that chemokine upregulation may be a common mechanism driving NP pathophysiology and chronic opioid use-related consequences (analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia). Here, we first review preclinical studies on the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the development and maintenance of NP. Second, we examine the change in chemokine expression following chronic opioid use and the crosstalk between chemokine and opioid receptors. Then, we examine the effects of inhibiting specific chemokines or chemokine receptors as a strategy to increase opioid efficacy in NP. We conclude that strong opioids, along with drugs that block specific chemokine/chemokine receptor axis, might be the right compromise for a favorable risk/benefit ratio in NP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Michele Stanislaw Milella
- Toxicology and Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital-Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ginevra D’Ottavio
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
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23
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Alterations in biogenic amines levels associated with age-related muscular tissue impairment in Drosophila melanogaster. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3739-3748. [PMID: 35844402 PMCID: PMC9280237 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While holding on youth may be a universal wish, aging is a natural process associated with physical and physiological impairment in living organisms. Drosophila provides useful insights into aging-related events. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the age-related changes in muscle function and architecture in relation to the biogenic amine titers. To achieve this aim, visceral and skeletal muscles performance was tested in newly-eclosed, sexually mature and old adult flies using climbing and gut motility assays. In addition, age-related ultrastructural alterations of muscular tissue were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The titer of selected biogenic amines was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results demonstrated that old flies were dramatically slower in upward movement than either newly-eclosed or sexually mature flies. Similarly, gut contraction rate was significantly lower in old flies than the sexually mature, although it was markedly higher than that in the newly-eclosed flies. In TEM examination, there were several ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium, legs and thorax muscles of old flies. Regarding biogenic amine titers, the old flies had significantly lower concentrations of octopamine, dopamine and serotonin than the sexually mature. We concluded that aging has adverse effects on muscular system function and ultrastructure, synchronized with biogenic amine titers changes. Our results highlighted the need for more researches on therapeutics that may balance the levels of age-related alterations in biogenic amines.
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24
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Lee S, Kim MA, Park JM, Park K, Sohn YC. Multiple tachykinins and their receptors characterized in the gastropod mollusk Pacific abalone: Expression, signaling cascades, and potential role in regulating lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:994863. [PMID: 36187101 PMCID: PMC9521575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.994863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tachykinin (TK) families, including the first neuropeptide substance P, have been intensively explored in bilaterians. Knowledge of signaling of TK receptors (TKRs) has enabled the comprehension of diverse physiological processes. However, TK signaling systems are largely unknown in Lophotrochozoa. This study identified two TK precursors and two TKR isoforms in the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (Hdh), and characterized Hdh-TK signaling. Hdh-TK peptides harbored protostomian TK-specific FXGXRamide or unique YXGXRamide motifs at the C-termini. A phylogenetic analysis showed that lophotrochozoan TKRs, including Hdh-TKRs, form a monophyletic group distinct from arthropod TKRs and natalisin receptor groups. Although reporter assays demonstrated that all examined Hdh-TK peptides activate intracellular cAMP accumulation and Ca2+ mobilization in Hdh-TKR-expressing mammalian cells, Hdh-TK peptides with N-terminal aromatic residues and C-terminal FXGXRamide motifs were more active than shorter or less aromatic Hdh-TK peptides with a C-terminal YXGXRamide. In addition, we showed that ligand-stimulated Hdh-TKRs mediate ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells and that ERK1/2 phosphorylation is inhibited by PKA and PKC inhibitors. In three-dimensional in silico Hdh-TKR binding modeling, higher docking scores of Hdh-TK peptides were consistent with the lower EC50 values in the reporter assays. The transcripts for Hdh-TK precursors and Hdh-TKR were highly expressed in the neural ganglia, with lower expression levels in peripheral tissues. When abalone were starved for 3 weeks, Hdh-TK1 transcript levels, but not Hdh-TK2, were increased in the cerebral ganglia (CG), intestine, and hepatopancreas, contrasting with the decreased lipid content and transcript levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). At 24 h post-injection in vivo, the lower dose of Hdh-TK1 mixture increased SREBP transcript levels in the CG and hepatopancreas and accumulative food consumption of abalone. Higher doses of Hdh-TK1 and Hdh-TK2 mixtures decreased the SREBP levels in the CG. When Hdh-TK2-specific siRNA was injected into abalone, intestinal SREBP levels were significantly increased, whereas administration of both Hdh-TK1 and Hdh-TK2 siRNA led to decreased SREBP expression in the CG. Collectively, our results demonstrate the first TK signaling system in gastropod mollusks and suggest a possible role for TK peptides in regulating lipid metabolism in the neural and peripheral tissues of abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungheon Lee
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Young Chang Sohn
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Young Chang Sohn,
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25
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Zhu J, Avakyan N, Kakkis AA, Hoffnagle AM, Han K, Li Y, Zhang Z, Choi TS, Na Y, Yu CJ, Tezcan FA. Protein Assembly by Design. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13701-13796. [PMID: 34405992 PMCID: PMC9148388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are nature's primary building blocks for the construction of sophisticated molecular machines and dynamic materials, ranging from protein complexes such as photosystem II and nitrogenase that drive biogeochemical cycles to cytoskeletal assemblies and muscle fibers for motion. Such natural systems have inspired extensive efforts in the rational design of artificial protein assemblies in the last two decades. As molecular building blocks, proteins are highly complex, in terms of both their three-dimensional structures and chemical compositions. To enable control over the self-assembly of such complex molecules, scientists have devised many creative strategies by combining tools and principles of experimental and computational biophysics, supramolecular chemistry, inorganic chemistry, materials science, and polymer chemistry, among others. Owing to these innovative strategies, what started as a purely structure-building exercise two decades ago has, in short order, led to artificial protein assemblies with unprecedented structures and functions and protein-based materials with unusual properties. Our goal in this review is to give an overview of this exciting and highly interdisciplinary area of research, first outlining the design strategies and tools that have been devised for controlling protein self-assembly, then describing the diverse structures of artificial protein assemblies, and finally highlighting the emergent properties and functions of these assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert A. Kakkis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Alexander M. Hoffnagle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Kenneth Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Tae Su Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Youjeong Na
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Chung-Jui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - F. Akif Tezcan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
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26
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Liu T, Zhan X, Yu Y, Wang S, Lu C, Lin G, Zhu X, He W, You M, You S. Molecular and pharmacological characterization of biogenic amine receptors from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4462-4475. [PMID: 34004073 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Insect biogenic amines play important roles in mediating behavioral and physiological processes. They exert their effects by binding to biogenic amine receptors (BARs), which are specific receptor proteins in the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. BAR genes have been cloned and characterized from multiple model insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Bombyx mori, Apis mellifera and Tribolium castaneum. However, relatively little work has addressed the molecular properties, expression profiles, and pharmacological characterization of BARs from other insects, including important pests. RESULTS In this study, we cloned 17 genes encoding putative biogenic amine receptor proteins from Plutella xylostella, a global pest of Brassica crops. These PxBAR genes were five octopamine receptors (PxOA1, PxOA2B1, PxOA2B2, PxOA2B3, and PxOA3), three tyramine receptors (PxTAR1A, PxTAR1B, and PxTAR2), four dopamine receptors (PxDOP1, PxDOP2, PxDOP3, and PxDopEcR), and five serotonin receptors (Px5-HT1A , Px5-HT1B , Px5-HT2A , Px5-HT2B , and Px5-HT7 ). All PxBARs showed considerable sequence identity with orthologous BARs, and phylogenetic analysis clustered the receptors within their respective groups while preserving organismal evolutionary relationships. We investigated their molecular properties and expression profiles, and pharmacologically characterized the dopamine receptor, PxDOP2. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important information and resources on biogenic amine receptors from P. xylostella, which suggests potential target sites for controlling this pest species. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shaozhen Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Cong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guifang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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27
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Stöckl S, Eitner A, Bauer RJ, König M, Johnstone B, Grässel S. Substance P and Alpha-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Differentially Affect Human Osteoarthritic and Healthy Chondrocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722884. [PMID: 34512650 PMCID: PMC8430215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that not only causes cartilage loss but also structural damage in all joint tissues. Joints are innervated by alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) and substance P (SP)-positive sensory nerve fibers. Alteration of sensory joint innervation could be partly responsible for degenerative changes in joints that contribute to the development of OA. Therefore, our aim was to analyze and compare the molecular effects of SP and αCGRP on the metabolism of articular chondrocytes from OA patients and non-OA cartilage donors. We treated the cells with SP or αCGRP and analysed the influence of these neuropeptides on chondrocyte metabolism and modulation of signaling pathways. In chondrocytes from healthy cartilage, SP had minimal effects compared with its effects on OA chondrocytes, where it induced inflammatory mediators, inhibited chondrogenic markers and promoted apoptosis and senescence. Treatment with αCGRP also increased apoptosis and senescence and reduced chondrogenic marker expression in OA chondrocytes, but stimulated an anabolic and protective response in healthy chondrocytes. The catabolic influence of SP and αCGRP might be due to activation of ERK signaling that could be counteracted by an increased cAMP response. We suggest that a switch between the G-subunits of the corresponding receptors after binding their ligands SP or αCGRP plays a central role in mediating the observed effects of sensory neuropeptides on chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Stöckl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annett Eitner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Experimental Trauma Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Physiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Richard J Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Brian Johnstone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Rump MT, Kozma MT, Pawar SD, Derby CD. G protein-coupled receptors as candidates for modulation and activation of the chemical senses in decapod crustaceans. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252066. [PMID: 34086685 PMCID: PMC8177520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have characterized class A GPCRs in crustaceans; however, their expression in crustacean chemosensory organs has yet to be detailed. Class A GPCRs comprise several subclasses mediating diverse functions. In this study, using sequence homology, we classified all putative class A GPCRs in two chemosensory organs (antennular lateral flagellum [LF] and walking leg dactyls) and brain of four species of decapod crustaceans (Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, American lobster Homarus americanus, red-swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and blue crab Callinectes sapidus). We identified 333 putative class A GPCRs– 83 from P. argus, 81 from H. americanus, 102 from P. clarkii, and 67 from C. sapidus–which belong to five distinct subclasses. The numbers of sequences for each subclass in the four decapod species are (in parentheses): opsins (19), small-molecule receptors including biogenic amine receptors (83), neuropeptide receptors (90), leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCRs (LGRs) (24), orphan receptors (117). Most class A GPCRs are predominately expressed in the brain; however, we identified multiple transcripts enriched in the LF and several in the dactyl. In total, we found 55 sequences with higher expression in the chemosensory organs relative to the brain across three decapod species. We also identified novel transcripts enriched in the LF including a metabotropic histamine receptor and numerous orphan receptors. Our work establishes expression patterns for class A GPCRs in the chemosensory organs of crustaceans, providing insight into molecular mechanisms mediating neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and possibly chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Rump
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mihika T. Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shrikant D. Pawar
- Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stott LA, Brighton CA, Brown J, Mould R, Bennett KA, Newman R, Currinn H, Autore F, Higueruelo AP, Tehan BG, MacSweeney C, O'Brien MA, Watson SP. Characterisation of inverse agonism of the orphan-G protein-coupled receptor GPR52 by cannabinoid ligands Cannabidiol and O-1918. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07201. [PMID: 34189291 PMCID: PMC8219759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of cannabinoid ligands Cannabidiol and O-1918 as inverse agonists of the orphan receptor GPR52 is reported. Detailed characterisation of GPR52 pharmacology and modelling of the proposed receptor interaction is described. The identification of a novel and further CNS pharmacology for the polypharmacological agent and marketed drug Cannabidiol is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Stott
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl A Brighton
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Brown
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mould
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie A Bennett
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Newman
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Currinn
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Autore
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia P Higueruelo
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Tehan
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Cliona MacSweeney
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A O'Brien
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6DG, United Kingdom
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Liu N, Li T, Wang Y, Liu S. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in Insects-A Potential Target for New Insecticide Development. Molecules 2021; 26:2993. [PMID: 34069969 PMCID: PMC8157829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in cell biology and insects' physiological processes, toxicological response and the development of insecticide resistance. New information on genome sequences, proteomic and transcriptome analysis and expression patterns of GPCRs in organs such as the central nervous system in different organisms has shown the importance of these signaling regulatory GPCRs and their impact on vital cell functions. Our growing understanding of the role played by GPCRs at the cellular, genome, transcriptome and tissue levels is now being utilized to develop new targets that will sidestep many of the problems currently hindering human disease control and insect pest management. This article reviews recent work on the expression and function of GPCRs in insects, focusing on the molecular complexes governing the insect physiology and development of insecticide resistance and examining the genome information for GPCRs in two medically important insects, mosquitoes and house flies, and their orthologs in the model insect species Drosophila melanogaster. The tissue specific distribution and expression of the insect GPCRs is discussed, along with fresh insights into practical aspects of insect physiology and toxicology that could be fundamental for efforts to develop new, more effective, strategies for pest control and resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (T.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shikai Liu
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;
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Liu N, Wang Y, Li T, Feng X. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Signaling Pathways, Characterization, and Functions in Insect Physiology and Toxicology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105260. [PMID: 34067660 PMCID: PMC8156084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to play central roles in the physiology of many organisms. Members of this seven α-helical transmembrane protein family transduce the extracellular signals and regulate intracellular second messengers through coupling to heterotrimeric G-proteins, adenylate cyclase, cAMPs, and protein kinases. As a result of the critical function of GPCRs in cell physiology and biochemistry, they not only play important roles in cell biology and the medicines used to treat a wide range of human diseases but also in insects’ physiological functions. Recent studies have revealed the expression and function of GPCRs in insecticide resistance, improving our understanding of the molecular complexes governing the development of insecticide resistance. This article focuses on the review of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways in insect physiology, including insects’ reproduction, growth and development, stress responses, feeding, behaviors, and other physiological processes. Hormones and polypeptides that are involved in insect GPCR regulatory pathways are reviewed. The review also gives a brief introduction of GPCR pathways in organisms in general. At the end of the review, it provides the recent studies on the function of GPCRs in the development of insecticide resistance, focusing in particular on our current knowledge of the expression and function of GPCRs and their downstream regulation pathways and their roles in insecticide resistance and the regulation of resistance P450 gene expression. The latest insights into the exciting technological advances and new techniques for gene expression and functional characterization of the GPCRs in insects are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-844-5076
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Xuechun Feng
- Department of Biology Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
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Modulating skin colour: role of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in regulating melanogenesis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228417. [PMID: 33871027 PMCID: PMC8112849 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Different skin colour among individuals is determined by the varying amount and types of melanin pigment. Melanin is produced in melanocytes, a type of dendritic cell located in the basal layer of the epidermis, through the process of melanogenesis. Melanogenesis consists of a series of biochemical and enzymatic reactions catalysed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins, leading to the formation of two types of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin. Melanogenesis can be regulated intrinsically by several signalling pathways, including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit and wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signalling pathways. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the major extrinsic factor in the regulation of melanogenesis, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidants or antioxidant systems, with the ability to scavenge ROS, may decrease melanogenesis. This review focuses on the two main cellular antioxidant systems, the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, and discusses their roles in melanogenesis. In the Trx system, high levels/activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are correlated with melanin formation. The GSH system is linked with regulating pheomelanin formation. Exogenous addition of GSH has been shown to act as a depigmenting agent, suggesting that other antioxidants may also have the potential to act as depigmenting agents for the treatment of human hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Coevolution underlies GPCR-G protein selectivity and functionality. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7858. [PMID: 33846507 PMCID: PMC8041822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate diverse physiological events, which makes them as the major targets for many approved drugs. G proteins are downstream molecules that receive signals from GPCRs and trigger cell responses. The GPCR-G protein selectivity mechanism on how they properly and timely interact is still unclear. Here, we analyzed model GPCRs (i.e. HTR, DAR) and Gα proteins with a coevolutionary tool, statistical coupling analysis. The results suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and dopamine receptors have common conserved and coevolved residues. The Gα protein also have conserved and coevolved residues. These coevolved residues were implicated in the molecular functions of the analyzed proteins. We also found specific coevolving pairs related to the selectivity between GPCR and G protein were identified. We propose that these results would contribute to better understandings of not only the functional residues of GPCRs and Gα proteins but also GPCR-G protein selectivity mechanisms.
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Fanelli F, Felline A, Marigo V. Structural aspects of rod opsin and their implication in genetic diseases. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1339-1359. [PMID: 33728518 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vision in dim-light conditions is triggered by photoactivation of rhodopsin, the visual pigment of rod photoreceptor cells. Rhodopsin is made of a protein, the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) opsin, and the chromophore 11-cis-retinal. Vertebrate rod opsin is the GPCR best characterized at the atomic level of detail. Since the release of the first crystal structure 20 years ago, a huge number of structures have been released that, in combination with valuable spectroscopic determinations, unveiled most aspects of the photobleaching process. A number of spontaneous mutations of rod opsin have been found linked to vision-impairing diseases like autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (adRP or arRP, respectively) and autosomal congenital stationary night blindness (adCSNB). While adCSNB is mainly caused by constitutive activation of rod opsin, RP shows more variegate determinants affecting different aspects of rod opsin function. The vast majority of missense rod opsin mutations affects folding and trafficking and is linked to adRP, an incurable disease that awaits light on its molecular structure determinants. This review article summarizes all major structural information available on vertebrate rod opsin conformational states and the insights gained so far into the structural determinants of adCSNB and adRP linked to rod opsin mutations. Strategies to design small chaperones with therapeutic potential for selected adRP rod opsin mutants will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy. .,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Modena, 41125, Italy.
| | - Angelo Felline
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Marigo
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, Modena, 41125, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
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35
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Shen C, Mao C, Xu C, Jin N, Zhang H, Shen DD, Shen Q, Wang X, Hou T, Chen Z, Rondard P, Pin JP, Zhang Y, Liu J. Structural basis of GABA B receptor-G i protein coupling. Nature 2021; 594:594-598. [PMID: 33911284 PMCID: PMC8222003 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have central roles in intercellular communication1,2. Structural studies have revealed how GPCRs can activate G proteins. However, whether this mechanism is conserved among all classes of GPCR remains unknown. Here we report the structure of the class-C heterodimeric GABAB receptor, which is activated by the inhibitory transmitter GABA, in its active form complexed with Gi1 protein. We found that a single G protein interacts with the GB2 subunit of the GABAB receptor at a site that mainly involves intracellular loop 2 on the side of the transmembrane domain. This is in contrast to the G protein binding in a central cavity, as has been observed with other classes of GPCR. This binding mode results from the active form of the transmembrane domain of this GABAB receptor being different from that of other GPCRs, as it shows no outside movement of transmembrane helix 6. Our work also provides details of the inter- and intra-subunit changes that link agonist binding to G-protein activation in this heterodimeric complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangsong Shen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyou Mao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.508040.9Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jin
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huibing Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingya Shen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInnovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Philippe Rondard
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China ,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223ZJU-HUST Joint Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China ,grid.508040.9Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Oliveira de Souza C, Sun X, Oh D. Metabolic Functions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and β-Arrestin-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:715877. [PMID: 34497585 PMCID: PMC8419444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.715877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), often termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are the most common target of therapeutic drugs used today. Many studies suggest that distinct members of the GPCR superfamily represent potential targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GPCRs typically activate different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which can be subgrouped into four major functional types: Gαs, Gαi, Gαq/11, and G12/13, in response to agonist binding. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs can also initiate β-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent signaling. Thus, the physiological outcome of activating a certain GPCR in a particular tissue may also be modulated by β-arrestin-dependent, but G protein-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the role of G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways in the development of obesity and T2D-related metabolic disorders.
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Sena DM, Cong X, Giorgetti A. Ligand based conformational space studies of the μ-opioid receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129838. [PMID: 33373630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a family of membrane proteins that can be activated by a variety of external factors. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR), a class A GPCR, is the main target of morphine. Recently, enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations of a constitutively active mutant of MOR in its apo form allowed us to capture the novel intermediate states of activation, as well as the active state. This prompted us to apply the same techniques to wild type MOR in complex with ligands, in order to explore their contributions to the receptor conformational changes in the activation process. METHODS MOR was modeled in complex with agonists (morphine, BU72), a partial agonist (naloxone benzoylhydrazone) and an antagonist (naloxone). Replica exchange with solute tempering (REST2) molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for all systems. Trajectory frames were clustered, and the activation state of each cluster was assessed by two different methods. RESULTS Cluster sizes and activation indices show that while agonists stabilized structures in a higher activation state, the antagonist behaved oppositely. Morphine tends to drive the receptor towards increasing R165-T279 distances, while naloxone tends to increase the NPxxYA motif conformational change. CONCLUSIONS Despite not observing a full transition between inactive and active states, an important conformational change of transmembrane helix 5 was observed and associated with a ligand-driven step of the process. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The activation process of GPCRs is widely studied but still not fully understood. Here we carried out a step forward in the direction of gaining more details of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diniz M Sena
- Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Biological Chemistry Dept., Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil.
| | - Xiaojing Cong
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR7272, Nice 06108, France
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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BRET- and fluorescence anisotropy-based assays for real-time monitoring of ligand binding to M 2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118930. [PMID: 33347921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BRET and fluorescence anisotropy (FA) are two fluorescence-based techniques used for the characterization of ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and both allow monitoring of ligand binding in real time. In this study, we present the first direct comparison of BRET-based and FA-based binding assays using the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2R) and two TAMRA (5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine)-labeled fluorescent ligands as a model system. The determined fluorescent ligand affinities from both assays were in good agreement with results obtained from radioligand competition binding experiments. The assays yielded real-time kinetic binding data revealing differences in the mechanism of binding for the investigated fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the investigation of various unlabeled M2R ligands yielded pharmacological profiles in accordance with earlier reported data. Taken together, this study showed that BRET- and FA-based binding assays represent valuable alternatives to radioactivity-based methods for screening purposes and for a precise characterization of binding kinetics supporting the exploration of binding mechanisms.
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39
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Riemekasten G, Petersen F, Heidecke H. What Makes Antibodies Against G Protein-Coupled Receptors so Special? A Novel Concept to Understand Chronic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564526. [PMID: 33384684 PMCID: PMC7770155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expressions of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) on immune and tissue resident cells are the consequence of the cellular environment, which is highly variable. As discussed here, antibodies directed to GPCR (GPCR abs), their levels and correlations to other abs, serve as biomarkers for various diseases. They also could reflect the individual interplay between the environment and the immune system. Thus, GPCR abs could display pathogenic chronic conditions and could help to identify disease-related pathways. Moreover, by acting as ligands to their corresponding receptors, GPCR abs modulate autoimmune as well as non-autoimmune diseases. This article introduces GPCR abs as drivers for diseases by their capability to induce a specific signaling and by determining immune cell homeostasis. The identification of the individual GPCR ab function is challenging but might be pivotal in the comprehension of the aetiology of diseases. This, hopefully, will lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies. This article provides an overview about concepts and recent developments in research. Accordingly, GPCR abs could represent ideal candidates for precision medicine. Here, we introduce the term antibodiom to cover the network of abs with GPCR abs as prominent players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Riemekasten
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Research Center Borstel, Division of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Research Center Borstel, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Research Center Borstel, Division of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Research Center Borstel, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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An In Silico Comparative Study of Anti-inflammatory Role of Biochanin A and Genistein with 9 Omega-3-fatty Acids Using Complex Docking Analysis with PPARγ and GPR120. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Atre I, Mizrahi N, Yebra-Pimentel ES, Hausken K, Yom-Din S, Hurvitz A, Dirks R, Degani G, Levavi-Sivan B. Molecular characterization of two Russian sturgeon gonadotropin receptors: Cloning, expression analysis, and functional activity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113557. [PMID: 32687934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sturgeons are being used in aquaculture because wild populations are now endangered due to overfishing for caviar. A challenge in working with sturgeon as an aquacultured species is its long and slow reproductive development. Reproduction is a hormonally regulated process that involves hierarchical signaling between the brain, pituitary gland, and gonads. In an effort to better understand the hormonal regulation of sturgeon reproduction, we have cloned the Russian sturgeon (st), Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, luteinizing hormone receptor (stLHR) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor (stFSHR) and measured their expression from previtellogenic to mature ovarian follicles. Sturgeon LHR and FSHR expression was elevated in early-vitellogenic and mature follicles compared with pre-vitellogenic and mid-vitellogenic follicles, and only LHR expression increased during late-vitellogenesis. Recombinant sturgeon FSH and LH both activated sturgeon LHR and FSHR in a cAMP reporter assay. Further molecular characterization of these receptors was accomplished by in silico modeling and cAMP reporter assays using heterologous recombinant gonadotropins from human and piscine species. There was no apparent trend in heterologous LH and/or FSH activation of the sturgeon LHR or FSHR. These data suggest that permissive activation of LHR and FSHR are a consequence of some yet undetermined biological characteristic(s) of different piscine species.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cloning, Molecular
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Phylogeny
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, FSH/chemistry
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, Gonadotropin/chemistry
- Receptors, Gonadotropin/genetics
- Receptors, Gonadotropin/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/chemistry
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Atre
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Mizrahi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Krist Hausken
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Svetlana Yom-Din
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 10200, Israel
| | | | - Ron Dirks
- ZF-screens B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gad Degani
- MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 10200, Israel
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Cao X, Zhang C, Zhang R, Wang K, Dai X, Huang X, Ren Q. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 2 (LGR2) can regulate PO activity and AMP genes expression in Macrobrachium nipponense. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lismont E, Verbakel L, Vogel E, Corbisier J, Degroot GN, Verdonck R, Verlinden H, Marchal E, Springael JY, Vanden Broeck J. Can BRET-based biosensors be used to characterize G-protein mediated signaling pathways of an insect GPCR, the Schistocerca gregaria CRF-related diuretic hormone receptor? INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 122:103392. [PMID: 32387240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that are considered prime candidates for the development of novel insect pest management strategies. However, the molecular signaling properties of insect GPCRs remain poorly understood. In fact, most studies on insect GPCR signaling are limited to analysis of fluctuations in the secondary messenger molecules calcium (Ca2+) and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In the current study, we characterized a corticotropin-releasing factor-related diuretic hormone (CRF-DH) receptor of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. This Schgr-CRF-DHR is mainly expressed in the nervous system and in brain-associated endocrine organs. The neuropeptide Schgr-CRF-DH induced Ca2+-dependent aequorin-based bioluminescent responses in CHO cells co-expressing this receptor with the promiscuous Gα16 protein. Furthermore, when co-expressed with the cAMP-dependent bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based CAMYEL biosensor in HEK293T cells, this receptor elicited dose-dependent agonist-induced responses with an EC50 in the nanomolar range (4.02 nM). In addition, we tested if vertebrate BRET-based G protein biosensors, can also be used to detect direct Gα protein subunit activation by an insect GPCR. Therefore, we analyzed ten different human BRET-based G protein biosensors, representing members of all four Gα protein subfamilies; Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11 and Gα12/13. Our data demonstrate that stimulation of Schgr-CRF-DHR by Schgr-CRF-DH can dose-dependently activate Gαi/o and Gαs biosensors, while no significant effects were observed with the Gαq/11 and Gα12/13 biosensors. Our study paves the way for future biosensor-based studies to analyze the signaling properties of insect GPCRs in both fundamental science and applied research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Lismont
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lina Verbakel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Elise Vogel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rik Verdonck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heleen Verlinden
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Marchal
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Springael
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Ouyang L, Dan Y, Hua W, Shao Z, Duan D. Therapeutic effect of omega-3 fatty acids on T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:563-569. [PMID: 32401403 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to demonstrate that the G protein coupled receptors serve as targets for the treatment of autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Rats received pristane at the base of the tail. Affected joints were counted daily. The T cell mediated autoimmune diseases such as pristine-induced arthritis (PIA) and autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a rat model were profoundly ameliorated by treatment with the specific G protein couple receptors 120 (GPR120) stimuli omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs). Our study further revealed that the activation of GPR120 by ω-3 FAs can result in a decrease of phosphorylated transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and further inhibit the downstream IKKβ/I-κB pathway and the terminal NF-κB activation which serves as a mediator of T cell activation. ω-3 Fatty acids exhibited an inhibitory effect on TAK1 by enhancing the association of β-arrestin2 and TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1), thus the disassociation of TAB1 from the TAB1/TAK1 complex renders a limited effect on β-arrestin2 signaling as an innate immunity regulation. GPR120 is a functional receptor of ω-3 fatty acids in T cell-mediated autoimmune disease compared with its effect on innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Dan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Deyu Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Sharker MR, Sukhan ZP, Kim SC, Lee WK, Kho KH. Molecular Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRH-R) in Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122733. [PMID: 32545589 PMCID: PMC7355911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-length cDNA sequence encoding a GnRH receptor was cloned from the pleuropedal ganglion of the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The cloned sequence is 1499-bp in length encoding a protein of 460 amino acid residues, with a molecular mass of 52.22 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 9.57. The architecture of HdhGnRH-R gene exhibited key features of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including seven membrane spanning domains, putative N-linked glycosylation motifs, and phosphorylation sites of serine and threonine residues. It shared 63%, 52%, and 30% sequence identities with Octopus vulgaris, Limulus polyphemus, and Mizuhopecten yessoensis GnRH-R II sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HdhGnRH-R gene was clustered with GnRH-R II of O. vulgaris and O. bimaculoides. qPCR assay demonstrated that the mRNA expression level of this receptor was significantly higher in the pleuropedal ganglion than that in any other examined tissue. Transcriptional activities of this gene in gonadal tissues were significantly higher in the ripening stage. The mRNA expression of this gene was significantly higher in pleuropedal ganglion, testis, and ovary at higher effective accumulative temperature (1000 °C). In situ hybridization revealed that HdhGnRH-R mRNA was expressed in neurosecretory cells of pleuropedal ganglion. Our results suggest that HdhGnRH-R gene synthesized in the neural ganglia might be involved in the control of gonadal maturation and gametogenesis of H. discus hannai. This is the first report of GnRH-R in H. discus hannai and the results may contribute to further studies of GPCRs evolution or may useful for the development of aquaculture method of this abalone species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kang Hee Kho
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-616-597-168; Fax: +82-616-597-169
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Karic V, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation and Stem Cell Therapy for Temporomandibular Joint Disc Disorders. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:398-408. [PMID: 32486898 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) refers to a group of disorders affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its related muscles. The two commonly used treatment modalities for TMD are occlusal splint therapy and relaxation therapy. Neither comprises definitive treatment. Objective: The objective of this review was to report updated information on photobiomodulation and stem cells, as an alternative treatment for the degenerative TMJ disc as a part of TMJ disorders. Materials and methods: With only a few research studies reported till date, this review also proposes the mechanism of laser irradiation on inflammatory mediators to treat TMD. Results: Photobiomodulation of stem cells with and without scaffolds could be used indirectly or directly as modulation of degenerative changes of the TMJ disc. Conclusions: The need for a distinct shift of the research margin in this field of dentistry is evident, specifically regarding the application of photobiomodulation and stem cells for tissue engineering of the TMJ disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Karic
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Prosthodontic and Oral Rehabilitation, and Laser Therapy in Dentistry Division, School of Oral Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, WITS University, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rahul Chandran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rao BD, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Selectivity in agonist and antagonist binding to Serotonin 1A receptors via G-protein coupling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183265. [PMID: 32156647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of membrane proteins in higher eukaryotes, and facilitate information transfer from the extracellular environment to the cellular interior upon activation by ligands. Their role in diverse signaling processes makes them an attractive choice as drug targets. GPCRs are coupled to heterotrimeric G-proteins which represent an important interface through which signal transduction occurs across the plasma membrane upon activation by ligands. To obtain further insight into the molecular details of interaction of G-proteins with GPCRs, in this work, we explored the selectivity of binding of specific agonists and antagonists to the serotonin1A receptor under conditions of progressive G-protein inactivation. The serotonin1A receptor is an important neurotransmitter receptor belonging to the GPCR family and is a popular drug target. By use of a number of agents to inactivate G-proteins, we show here that the serotonin1A receptor displays differential discrimination between agonist and antagonist binding. Our results show a reduction in binding sites of the receptor upon treatment with G-protein inactivating agents. In addition, G-protein coupling efficiency was enhanced when G-proteins were inactivated using urea and alkaline pH. We envision that our results could be useful in achieving multiple signaling states of the receptor by fine tuning the conditions of G-protein inactivation and in structural biology of GPCRs bound to specific ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree D Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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Zhao G, Li X, Miao H, Chen S, Hou Y. Estrogen Promotes cAMP Production in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Regulating ADCY2. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:55-64. [PMID: 32114743 PMCID: PMC7119214 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The maternal-fetal interface is an important source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and it is influenced by high levels of estradiol (E2) during pregnancy. It is highly important to study the role of E2 in MSCs for both clinical application and understanding of the mechanisms underlying pregnancy related diseases. Methods and Results In this study, differently expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the MSCs after exposure to E2. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed and the integrated regulatory network of DEGs-miRNA was constructed. A total of 390 DEGs were found in the MSCs exposed to E2, including 164 upregulated DEGs (e.g. ADCY2, VEGFA and PPY) and 226 downregulated DEGs (e.g. KNG1, AGT and NPY). Additionally, 10 miRNAs (such as miR-148A/B, miR-152, miR-182) identified the integrated regulatory network of DEGs-miRNAs. Among them, the expression of ADCY2 was significantly upregulated, and this was associated with multiple changed genes. We confirmed that the expression of ADCY2 is significantly promoted by E2 and subsequently promoted the production of cAMP in MSCs. We also found that E2 promoted ADCY2 expression by inhibiting miR-152 and miR-148a. Conclusions E2 promotes the expression of cAMP through miR-148a/152-ADCY2 in MSCs. It is suggested that E2 plays a key role in the growth and function of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Huishuang Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Burow S, Mizrahi N, Maugars G, von Krogh K, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R, Hollander-Cohen L, Shpilman M, Atre I, Weltzien FA, Levavi-Sivan B. Characterization of gonadotropin receptors Fshr and Lhr in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113276. [PMID: 31536722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction in vertebrates is controlled by the brain-pituitary-gonad axis, where the two gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) play vital parts by activating their cognate receptors in the gonads. The main purpose of this work was to study intra- and interspecies ligand promiscuity of teleost gonadotropin receptors, since teleost receptor specificity is unclear, in contrast to mammalian receptors. Receptor activation was investigated by transfecting COS-7 cells with either Fsh receptor (mdFshr, tiFshr) or Lh receptor (mdLhr, tiLhr), and tested for activation by recombinant homologous and heterologous ligands (mdFshβα, mdLhβα, tiFshβα, tiLhβα) from two representative fish orders, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes, Beloniformes) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Cichliformes). Results showed that each gonadotropin preferentially activates its own cognate receptor. Cross-reactivity was detected to some extent as mdFshβα was able to activate the mdLhr, and mdLhβα the mdFshr. Medaka pituitary extract (MPE) stimulated CRE-LUC activity in COS-7 cells expressing mdlhr, but could not stimulate cells expressing mdfshr. Recombinant tiLhβα, tiFshβα and tilapia pituitary extract (TPE) could activate the mdLhr, suggesting cross-species reactivity for mdLhr. Cross-species reactivity was also detected for mdFshr due to activation by tiFshβα, tiLhβα, and TPE, as well as for tiFshr and tiLhr due to stimulation by mdFshβα, mdLhβα, and MPE. Tissue distribution analysis of gene expression revealed that medaka receptors, fshr and lhr, are highly expressed in both ovary and testis. High expression levels were found for lhr also in brain, while fshr was expressed at low levels. Both fshr and lhr mRNA levels increased significantly during testis development. Amino acid sequence alignment and three-dimensional modelling of ligands and receptors highlighted conserved beta sheet domains of both Fsh and Lh between Japanese medaka and Nile tilapia. It also showed a higher structural homology and similarity of transmembrane regions of Lhr between both species, in contrast to Fshr, possibly related to the substitution of the conserved cysteine residue in the transmembrane domain 6 in medaka Fshr with glycine. Taken together, this is the first characterization of medaka Fshr and Lhr using homologous ligands, enabling to better understand teleost hormone-receptor interactions and specificities. The data suggest partial ligand promiscuity and cross-species reactivity between gonadotropins and their receptors in medaka and tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Burow
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Naama Mizrahi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gersende Maugars
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lian Hollander-Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Shpilman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ishwar Atre
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Berta Levavi-Sivan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Abdulganiyyu IA, Sani MA, Separovic F, Marco H, Jackson GE. Phote-HrTH (Phormia terraenovae Hypertrehalosaemic Hormone), the Metabolic Hormone of the Fruit Fly: Solution Structure and Receptor Binding Model. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flies are a widely distributed pest insect that pose a significant threat to food security. Flight is essential for the dispersal of the adult flies to find new food sources and ideal breeding spots. The supply of metabolic fuel to power the flight muscles of insects is regulated by adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has the same AKH that is present in the blowfly, Phormia terraenovae; this AKH has the code-name Phote-HrTH. Binding of the AKH to the extra-cellular binding site of a G protein-coupled receptor causes its activation. In this paper, the structure of Phote-HrTH in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelle solution was determined using NMR restrained molecular dynamics. The peptide was found to bind to the micelle and be fairly rigid, with an S2 order parameter of 0.96. The translated protein sequence of the AKH receptor from the fruit fly, D. melanogaster, Drome-AKHR, was used to construct two models of the receptor. It is proposed that these two models represent the active and inactive state of the receptor. The model based on the crystal structure of the β-2 adrenergic receptor was found to bind Phote-HrTH with a binding constant of −102kJmol−1, while the other model, based on the crystal structure of rhodopsin, did not bind the peptide. Under molecular dynamic simulation, in a palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) membrane, the receptor complex changed from an inactive to an active state. The identification and characterisation of the ligand binding site of Drome-AKHR provide novel information of ligand–receptor interaction, which could lead to the development of species-specific control substances to use discriminately against the fruit fly.
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