1
|
Luo M, Zhao Z, Yi J. Osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in hyperglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150068. [PMID: 37415664 PMCID: PMC10321525 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to be a clinical risk factor for bone diseases including osteoporosis and fragility. Bone metabolism is a complicated process that requires coordinated differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Owing to the regenerative properties, BMSCs have laid a robust foundation for their clinical application in various diseases. However, mounting evidence indicates that the osteogenic capability of BMSCs is impaired under high glucose conditions, which is responsible for diabetic bone diseases and greatly reduces the therapeutic efficiency of BMSCs. With the rapidly increasing incidence of DM, a better understanding of the impacts of hyperglycemia on BMSCs osteogenesis and the underlying mechanisms is needed. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of the osteogenesis of BMSCs in hyperglycemia, the underlying mechanisms, and the strategies to rescue the impaired BMSCs osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu R, Wang XH, Wang BW, Ouyang X, You YY, Xie HT, Zhang MC, Jiang FG. Prostaglandin F2α Regulates Adipogenesis by Modulating Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling in Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087012. [PMID: 37108173 PMCID: PMC10138945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), the first-line anti-glaucoma medication, can cause the deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus due to orbital lipoatrophy. However, the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) involves the excessive adipogenesis of the orbital tissues. The present study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of PGF2α on adipocyte differentiation. In this study primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) from six patients with GO were established. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting (WB) were used to evaluated the expression of the F-prostanoid receptor (FPR) in the orbital adipose tissues and the OFs of GO patients. The OFs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes and treated with different incubation times and concentrations of PGF2α. The results of Oil red O staining showed that the number and size of the lipid droplets decreased with increasing concentrations of PGF2α and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and WB of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty-acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), both adipogenic markers, were significantly downregulated via PGF2α treatment. Additionally, we found the adipogenesis induction of OFs promoted ERK phosphorylation, whereas PGF2α further induced ERK phosphorylation. We used Ebopiprant (FPR antagonist) to interfere with PGF2α binding to the FPR and U0126, an Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) inhibitor, to inhibit ERK phosphorylation. The results of Oil red O staining and expression of adipogenic markers showed that blocking the receptor binding or decreasing the phosphorylation state of the ERK both alleviate the inhibitory effect of PGF2a on the OFs adipogenesis. Overall, PGF2α mediated the inhibitory effect of the OFs adipogenesis through the hyperactivation of ERK phosphorylation via coupling with the FPR. Our study provides a further theoretical reference for the potential application of PGF2α in patients with GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xing-Hua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo-Wen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ya-Yan You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hua-Tao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ming-Chang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fa-Gang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pinto TS, Gomes AM, de Morais PB, Zambuzzi WF. Adipogenesis-Related Metabolic Condition Affects Shear-Stressed Endothelial Cells Activity Responding to Titanium. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030162. [PMID: 36976086 PMCID: PMC10052724 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity has increased around the world. Obese individuals need to be better assisted, with special attention given to dental and medical specialties. Among obesity-related complications, the osseointegration of dental implants has raised concerns. This mechanism depends on healthy angiogenesis surrounding the implanted devices. As an experimental analysis able to mimic this issue is currently lacking, we address this issue by proposing an in vitro high-adipogenesis model using differentiated adipocytes to further investigate their endocrine and synergic effect in endothelial cells responding to titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, adipocytes (3T3-L1 cell line) were differentiated under two experimental conditions: Ctrl (normal glucose concentration) and High-Glucose Medium (50 mM of glucose), which was validated using Oil Red O Staining and inflammatory markers gene expression by qPCR. Further, the adipocyte-conditioned medium was enriched by two types of titanium-related surfaces: Dual Acid-Etching (DAE) and Nano-Hydroxyapatite blasted surfaces (nHA) for up to 24 h. Finally, the endothelial cells (ECs) were exposed in those conditioned media under shear stress mimicking blood flow. Important genes related to angiogenesis were then evaluated by using RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS Firstly, the high-adipogenicity model using 3T3-L1 adipocytes was validated presenting an increase in the oxidative stress markers, concomitantly with an increase in intracellular fat droplets, pro-inflammatory-related gene expressions, and also the ECM remodeling, as well as modulating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Additionally, Src was evaluated by Western blot, and its modulation can be related to EC survival signaling. CONCLUSION Our study provides an experimental model of high adipogenesis in vitro by establishing a pro-inflammatory environment and intracellular fat droplets. Additionally, the efficacy of this model to evaluate the EC response to titanium-enriched mediums under adipogenicity-related metabolic conditions was analyzed, revealing significant interference with EC performance. Altogether, these data gather valuable findings on understanding the reasons for the higher percentage of implant failures in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Silva Pinto
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Moreira Gomes
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Bertin de Morais
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi M, Yang S, Huang X, Wang S, Li W, Yun J, Lu C, Yang Y, Cai C, Gao P, Guo X, Li B, Cao G. Caveolae-associated protein 3 promotes adipogenic differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by promoting extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13822. [PMID: 36922373 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Fat deposition is one of the key factors affecting the economic development of pig husbandry. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression characteristics of caveolae-associated protein 3 (CAVIN3) and to elucidate its effect and mechanism on adipogenic differentiation of porcine preadipocytes. Cell transfection, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and oil red O staining were used to detect the effect of CAVIN3 on the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes. The results showed that CAVIN3 was expressed in various tissues, with higher expression in adipose tissue, differentially expressed during cell adipogenic differentiation, and mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. Functional studies showed that, after CAVIN3 interference in preadipocytes, the expression of adipogenic factors and the content of lipid droplets were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The results were reversed after CAVIN3 was overexpressed. The mechanism research showed that LY3214996 inhibited the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and further inhibited lipogenic factors expression. Overexpression of CAVIN3 attenuates the inhibitory effect of LY3214996 on ERK phosphorylation and attenuates its inhibitory effect on adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, this study demonstrated that CAVIN3 promotes the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by promoting ERK phosphorylation. The present study can lay a theoretical foundation for further studying the molecular mechanism of porcine fat deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Shi
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shouyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jiale Yun
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Entz L, Falgayrac G, Chauveau C, Pasquier G, Lucas S. The extracellular matrix of human bone marrow adipocytes and glucose concentration differentially alter mineralization quality without impairing osteoblastogenesis. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101622. [PMID: 36187598 PMCID: PMC9519944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accrue in various states of osteoporosis and interfere with bone remodeling through the secretion of various factors. However, involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by BMAds in the impairment of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) osteoblastogenesis has received little attention. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), skeletal fragility is associated with several changes in bone quality that are incompletely understood, and BMAd quantity increases in relationship to poor glycemic control. Considering their altered phenotype in this pathophysiological context, we aimed to determine the contribution of the ECM of mature BMAds to osteoblastogenesis and mineralization quality in the context of chronic hyperglycemia. Human BM-MSCs were differentiated for 21 days in adipogenic medium containing either a normoglycemic (LG, 5.5 mM) or a high glucose concentration (HG, 25 mM). The ECM laid down by BMAds were devitalized through cell removal to examine their impact on the proliferation and differentiation of BM-MSCs toward osteoblastogenesis in LG and HG conditions. Compared to control plates, both adipocyte ECMs promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. As shown by the unmodified RUNX2 and osteocalcin mRNA levels, BM-MSC commitment in osteoblastogenesis was hampered by neither the hyperglycemic condition nor the adipocyte matrices. However, adipocyte ECMs or HG condition altered the mineralization phase with perturbed expression levels of type 1 collagen, MGP and osteopontin. Despite higher ALP activity, mineralization levels per cell were decreased for osteoblasts grown on adipocyte ECMs compared to controls. Raman spectrometry revealed that culturing on adipocyte matrices specifically prevents type-B carbonate substitution and favors collagen crosslinking, in contrast to exposure to HG concentration alone. Moreover, the mineral to organic ratio was disrupted according to the presence of adipocyte ECM and the glucose concentration used for adipocyte or osteoblast culture. HG concentration and adipocyte ECM lead to different defects in mineralization quality, recapitulating contradictory changes reported in T2D osteoporosis. Our study shows that ECMs from BMAds do not impair osteoblastogenesis but alter both the quantity and quality of mineralization partly in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. This finding sheds light on the involvement of BMAds, which should be considered in the compromised bone quality of T2D and osteoporosis patients more generally. Glucose level alters the Extracellular Matrix composition of Bone Marrow adipocytes. Osteoblastogenesis on adipocyte ECMs is unaltered but produced less mineral amount. The quality of the mineral is altered differently by adipocyte ECMs or glucose levels. The presence of BM adipocytes should be valued in damaged osteoporosis bone quality.
Collapse
Key Words
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end-products
- BM-MSC, Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell
- BMAd, Bone marrow adipocyte
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ECMBMAd HG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in HG concentration
- ECMBMAd LG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in LG concentration
- ECMBMAd, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds
- Extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- HA, hydroxyapatite
- HG, High glucose
- Hyperglycemia
- LG, Low glucose
- LGM, Low glucose and mannitol
- Marrow adipocytes
- Osteoblast
- Osteoporosis
- Skeletal mesenchymal stromal cells
- T2D, Type 2 diabetes
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Cao S, Gaculenko A, Zhan Y, Bozec A, Chen X. Distinct Metabolism of Bone Marrow Adipocytes and their Role in Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:902033. [PMID: 35800430 PMCID: PMC9253270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.902033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) represent 10% of the total fat mass of the human body and serve as an energy reservoir for the skeletal niche. They function as an endocrine organ by actively secreting fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. The volume of BMAs increases along with age, osteoporosis and/or obesity. With the rapid development of multi-omic analysis and the advance in in vivo imaging technology, further distinct characteristics and functions of BMAs have been revealed. There is accumulating evidence that BMAs are metabolically, biologically and functionally unique from white, brown, beige and pink adipocytes. Bone metastatic disease is an uncurable complication in cancer patients, where primary cancer cells spread from their original site into the bone marrow. Recent publications have highlighted those BMAs could also serve as a rich lipid source of fatty acids that can be utilized by the cancer cells during bone metastasis, particularly for breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancer as well as melanoma. In this review, we summarize the novel progressions in BMAs metabolism, especially with multi-omic analysis and in vivo imaging technology. We also update the metabolic role of BMAs in bone metastasis, and their potential new avenues for diagnosis and therapies against metastatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gaculenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiang Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Świderska E, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Czarny P, Szemraj J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. Chronic and Intermittent Hyperglycemia Modulates Expression of Key Molecules of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Differentiating Human Visceral Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147712. [PMID: 34299331 PMCID: PMC8304829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to its prominence in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation, adipose tissue is a major target to investigate alterations in insulin action. This hormone activates PI3K/AKT pathway which is essential for glucose homeostasis, cell differentiation, and proliferation in insulin-sensitive tissues, like adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of chronic and intermittent high glucose on the expression of biomolecules of insulin signaling pathway during the differentiation and maturation of human visceral preadipocytes. Methods: Human visceral preadipocytes (HPA-V) cells were treated with high glucose (30 mM)during the proliferation and/or differentiation and/or maturation stage. The level of mRNA (by Real-Time PCR) and protein (by Elisa tests) expression of IRS1, PI3K, PTEN, AKT2, and GLUT4 was examined after each culture stage. Furthermore, we investigated whether miR-29a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-152-3p, miR-186-5p, miR-370-3p, and miR-374b-5p may affect the expression of biomolecules of the insulin signaling pathway. Results: Both chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia affects insulin signaling in visceral pre/adipocytes by upregulation of analyzed PI3K/AKT pathway molecules. Both mRNA and protein expression level is more dependent on stage-specific events than the length of the period of high glucose exposure. What is more, miRs expression changes seem to be involved in PI3K/AKT expression regulation in response to hyperglycemic stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-693-843-960
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.W.); (P.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Hospital of Medical University, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pan Y, Xie Z, Cen S, Li M, Liu W, Tang S, Ye G, Li J, Zheng G, Li Z, Yu W, Wang P, Wu Y, Shen H. Long noncoding RNA repressor of adipogenesis negatively regulates the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through the hnRNP A1-PTX3-ERK axis. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e227. [PMID: 33252864 PMCID: PMC7648959 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate via osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The mechanism underlying MSC lineage commitment still remains incompletely elucidated. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of MSC differentiation will help researchers induce MSCs toward specific lineages for clinical use. In this research, we intended to figure out the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that plays a central role in MSC fate determination and explore its application value in tissue engineering. METHODS The expression pattern of lncRNAs during MSC osteogenesis/adipogenesis was detected by microarray and qRT-PCR. Lentivirus and siRNAs were constructed to regulate the expression of lncRNA repressor of adipogenesis (ROA). MSC osteogenesis/adipogenesis was evaluated by western blot and alizarin red/oil red staining. An adipokine array was used to select the paracrine/autocrine factor PTX3, followed by RNA interference or recombinant human protein stimulation to confirm its function. The activation of signaling pathways was also detected by western blot, and a small molecule inhibitor, SCH772984, was used to inhibit the activation of the ERK pathway. The interaction between ROA and hnRNP A1 was detected by RNA pull-down and RIP assays. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the binding of hnRNP A1 to the PTX3 promotor. Additionally, an in vivo adipogenesis experiment was conducted to evaluate the regulatory value of ROA in tissue engineering. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that MSC adipogenesis is regulated by lncRNA ROA both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ROA inhibits MSC adipogenesis by downregulating the expression of the key autocrine/paracrine factor PTX3 and the downstream ERK pathway. This downregulation was achieved through transcription inhibition by impeding hnRNP A1 from binding to the promoter of PTX3. CONCLUSIONS ROA negatively regulates MSC adipogenesis through the hnRNP A1-PTX3-ERK axis. ROA may be an effective target for modulating MSCs in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Pan
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of OrthopedicsSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Shuizhong Cen
- Department of OrthopedicsSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of OrthopedicsZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming Li
- Department of OrthopedicsSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of OrthopedicsSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Guan Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Department of OrthopedicsSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of OrthopedicsSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for BiotherapySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of OrthopedicsSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sultan S, Alalmie A, Noorwali A, Alyamani A, Shaabad M, Alfakeeh S, Bahmaid A, Ahmed F, Pushparaj P, Kalamegam G. Resveratrol promotes chondrogenesis of human Wharton’s jelly stem cells in a hyperglycemic state by modulating the expression of inflammation-related cytokines. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1835739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alalmie
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab Noorwali
- Stem Cell Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Alyamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Shaabad
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saadiah Alfakeeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Bahmaid
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nehlin JO, Jafari A, Tencerova M, Kassem M. Aging and lineage allocation changes of bone marrow skeletal (stromal) stem cells. Bone 2019; 123:265-273. [PMID: 30946971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased bone mass and accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Both bone forming osteoblastic cells and bone marrow adipocytes are derived from a stem cell population within the bone marrow stroma called bone marrow stromal (skeletal or mesenchymal) stem cells (BMSC). In the present review, we provide an overview, based on the current literature, regarding the physiological aging processes that cause changes in BMSC lineage allocation, enhancement of adipocyte and defective osteoblast differentiation, leading to gradual exhaustion of stem cell regenerative potential and defects in bone tissue homeostasis and metabolism. We discuss strategies to preserve the "youthful" state of BMSC, to reduce bone marrow age-associated adiposity, and to counteract the overall negative effects of aging on bone tissues with the aim of decreasing bone fragility and risk of fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- The Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chayaratanasin P, Caobi A, Suparpprom C, Saenset S, Pasukamonset P, Suanpairintr N, Barbieri MA, Adisakwattana S. Clitoria ternatea Flower Petal Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Downregulating Adipogenic Gene Expression. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101894. [PMID: 31108834 PMCID: PMC6571662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea (commonly known as blue pea) flower petal extract (CTE) is used as a natural colorant in a variety of foods and beverages. The objective of study was to determine the inhibitory effect of CTE on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The phytochemical profiles of CTE were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anti-adipogenesis effect of CTE was measured by using Oil Red O staining, intracellular triglyceride assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell cycle studies were performed by flow cytometry. Lipolysis experiments were performed using a colorimetric assay kit. In early stages, CTE demonstrated anti-adipogenic effects through inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle retardation by suppressing expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The results also showed that CTE inhibited the late stage of differentiation through diminishing expression of adipogenic transcription factors including PPARγ and C/EBPα. The inhibitory action was subsequently attenuated in downregulation of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, causing the reduction of TG accumulation. In addition, CTE also enhanced catecholamine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. These results suggest that CTE effectively attenuates adipogenesis by controlling cell cycle progression and downregulating adipogenic gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poramin Chayaratanasin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Program in Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Allen Caobi
- Department of Biological sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Chaturong Suparpprom
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Ta-po, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Sudarat Saenset
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Ta-po, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Porntip Pasukamonset
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Nipattra Suanpairintr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
High Glucose Enhances the Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla via NF-KappaB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5068258. [PMID: 31080819 PMCID: PMC6476152 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5068258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective The transport and metabolism of glucose are important during mammalian development. High glucose can mediate the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the role of high glucose in the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) is unclear. Materials and Methods SCAPs were isolated and identified in vitro. Then, SCAPs were cultured in normal α-MEM and high glucose α-MEM separately. MTT assay was applied to observe the proliferation of SCAPs. ALP activity, alizarin red staining, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot were used to detect the odonto/osteogenic capacity of SCAPs as well as the participation of NF-κB pathway. Results SCAPs in 25mmol/L glucose group expressed the maximum proteins of RUNX2 and ALP as compared with those in 5, 10, and 15 mmol/L groups. MTT assay showed that 25 mmol/L glucose suppressed the proliferation of SCAPs. ALP assay, alizarin red staining, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot showed 25 mmol/L high glucose can obviously enhance the odonto/osteogenic capacity of SCAPs. Moreover, the NF-κB pathway was activated in 25mmol/L glucose-treated SCAPs and the odonto/osteogenic differentiation was inhibited following the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions High glucose can enhance the odonto/osteogenic capacity of SCAPs via NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rharass T, Lucas S. High Glucose Level Impairs Human Mature Bone Marrow Adipocyte Function Through Increased ROS Production. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:607. [PMID: 31551934 PMCID: PMC6746912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate in aging, menopause, and metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. These osteoporotic conditions are associated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia which are both considered as critical factors underlying bone fragility. Glucose excess and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to favor adipogenesis over osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether high glucose exposure could determine dysfunction of mature BMAds, specifically through ROS production. The effects of low (LG, 5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) concentrations were examined using human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) in the time course of differentiation, and, up to 21 days once adipocytes were mature. HG did not alter the adipocyte differentiation process of hBMSCs. Yet, after 21 days under HG exposure, PPARG, CEBPA, and adiponectin mRNA expressions were decreased. These alterations were also observed following adipogenic inducer withdrawal as well as in adipocytes fully differentiated in LG then cultured in HG for the last 11 days. Without inducers, HG condition also led to decreased leptin mRNA level. Importantly, intracellular and extracellular ROS concentrations measured using Amplex Red were significantly raised by 50% under HG exposure. This rise was observed once adipocytes ended differentiation and was reproduced within the different cell culture settings without any cytotoxicity. Among genes involved in ROS metabolism, the mRNA level of the H2O2 generating enzyme NOX4 was found upregulated in the presence of HG. Following cell separation, mature BMAds were shown to overproduce ROS and to display the gene alterations in contrast to non-lipid-laden cells. Finally, a non-lethal treatment with a pro-oxidant agent under LG condition reduces the mRNA levels of PPARG, adiponectin, and leptin as the HG condition does in the absence of inducers, and amplifies the effect of glucose excess on gene expression. HG concentration drives mature BMAds toward altered expression of the main adipokines and transcriptional factors. These perturbations are associated with a rise in ROS generation likely mediated through enhanced expression of NOX4. Mature BMAds are thus responsive to changes in glucose and ROS concentrations, which is relevant regarding with their phenotype and function in age- or metabolic disease-related osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Regulation of PKCβ levels and autophagy by PML is essential for high-glucose-dependent mesenchymal stem cell adipogenesis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:963-973. [PMID: 30082750 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is a complex disease characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat, which is caused by an increase in adipose cell size and number. The major source of adipocytes comes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), although their roles in obesity remain unclear. An understanding of the mechanisms, regulation, and outcomes of adipogenesis is crucial for the development of new treatments for obesity-related diseases. Recently an unexpected role for the tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) in hematopoietic stem cell biology and metabolism regulation has come to light, but its role in MSC biology remains unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular pathway underlying the role of PML in the control of adipogenic MSC differentiation. SUBJECTS/METHODS Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) obtained from mice and voluntary patients (as a source of MSCs) were cultured in the presence of high glucose (HG) concentration, a nutrient stress condition known to promote MSCs differentiation into mature adipocytes and the adipogenic potential of PML was assessed. RESULTS PML is essential for a correct HG-dependent adipogenic differentiation, and the enhancement of PML levels is fundamental during adipogenesis. Increased PML expression enables the upregulation of protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ), which, in turn, by controlling autophagy levels permits an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) that leads the adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, genetic and pharmacological depletion of PML prevents PKCβ expression, and by increasing autophagy levels, impairs the MSCs adipogenic differentiation. Human ADSCs isolated from overweight patients displayed increased PML and PKCβ levels compared to those found in normal weight individuals, indicating that the PML-PKCβ pathway is directly involved in the enhancement of adipogenesis and human metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The new link found among PML, PKCβ, and autophagy opens new therapeutic avenues for diseases characterized by an imbalance in the MSCs differentiation process, such as metabolic syndromes and cancer.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chiu CY, Sun SC, Chiang CK, Wang CC, Chan DC, Chen HJ, Liu SH, Yang RS. Plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate interferes with osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in a mouse model. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1124-1134. [PMID: 28921615 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) can leach from medical devices such as blood storage bags and the tubing. Recently, epidemiological studies showed that phthalate metabolites levels in the urine are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. The detailed effect and mechanism of DEHP on osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis, and bone loss remain to be clarified. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of DEHP and its active metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) on osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. The in vitro study showed that osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was significantly and dose-dependently decreased by DEHP and MEHP (10-100 µM) without cytotoxicity to BMSCs. The mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), Wnt1, and β-catenin were significantly decreased in DEHP- and MEHP-treated BMSCs during differentiation. MEHP, but not DEHP, significantly increased the adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs and PPARγ mRNA expression. Both DEHP and MEHP significantly increased the ratios of phosphorylated β-catenin/β-catenin and inhibited osteoblastogenesis, which could be reversed by Wnt activator lithium chloride and PPARγ inhibitor T0070907. Moreover, exposure of mice to DEHP (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) for 8 weeks altered BMD and microstructure. In BMSCs isolated from DEHP-treated mice, osteoblastogenesis and Runx2, Wnt1, and β-catenin expression were decreased, but adipogenesis and PPARγ expression were increased. These findings suggest that DEHP and its metabolite MEHP exposure may inhibit osteoblastogenesis and promote adipogenesis of BMSCs through the Wnt/β-catenin-regulated and thus triggering bone loss. PPARγ signaling may play an important role in MEHP- and DEHP-induced suppression of osteogenesis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1124-1134, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Cheng Chan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Jen Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wijesekara N, Gonçalves RA, Ahrens R, De Felice FG, Fraser PE. Tau ablation in mice leads to pancreatic β cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance. FASEB J 2018; 32:3166-3173. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeja Wijesekara
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Rafaella Araujo Gonçalves
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Rosemary Ahrens
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisFederal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paul E. Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesCentre for Neuroscience StudiesQueen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hyperglycemia Augments the Adipogenic Transdifferentiation Potential of Tenocytes and Is Alleviated by Cyclic Mechanical Stretch. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010090. [PMID: 29283422 PMCID: PMC5796040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with damage to tendons, which may result from cellular dysfunction in response to a hyperglycemic environment. Tenocytes express diminished levels of tendon-associated genes under hyperglycemic conditions. In contrast, mechanical stretch enhances tenogenic differentiation. However, whether hyperglycemia increases the non-tenogenic differentiation potential of tenocytes and whether this can be mitigated by mechanical stretch remains elusive. We explored the in vitro effects of high glucose and mechanical stretch on rat primary tenocytes. Specifically, non-tenogenic gene expression, adipogenic potential, cell migration rate, filamentous actin expression, and the activation of signaling pathways were analyzed in tenocytes treated with high glucose, followed by the presence or absence of mechanical stretch. We analyzed tenocyte phenotype in vivo by immunohistochemistry using an STZ (streptozotocin)-induced long-term diabetic mouse model. High glucose-treated tenocytes expressed higher levels of the adipogenic transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPs. PPARγ was also highly expressed in diabetic tendons. In addition, increased adipogenic differentiation and decreased cell migration induced by high glucose implicated a fibroblast-to-adipocyte phenotypic change. By applying mechanical stretch to tenocytes in high-glucose conditions, adipogenic differentiation was repressed, while cell motility was enhanced, and fibroblastic morphology and gene expression profiles were strengthened. In part, these effects resulted from a stretch-induced activation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) and a concomitant inactivation of Akt. Our results show that mechanical stretch alleviates the augmented adipogenic transdifferentiation potential of high glucose-treated tenocytes and helps maintain their fibroblastic characteristics. The alterations induced by high glucose highlight possible pathological mechanisms for diabetic tendinopathy. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of mechanical stretch on tenocytes suggest that an appropriate physical load possesses therapeutic potential for diabetic tendinopathy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Stadiotti I, Catto V, Casella M, Tondo C, Pompilio G, Sommariva E. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: the Guilty Party in Adipogenesis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:446-454. [PMID: 28983804 PMCID: PMC5722955 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic cardiac condition characterized by the replacement of the ventricular myocardium with fibro-fatty tissue, by arrhythmias and sudden death. Adipogenesis in ACM is considered an aberrant remodeling following myocardial loss. Which cell type(s) is (are) responsible for the adipose replacement is still matter of debate. A systematic overview of the different cells that have been, over time, considered as main players in adipose replacement is provided. The comprehension of the cellular component giving rise to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy substrate defects may represent both an essential tool for mechanistic studies of disease pathogenesis and a novel possible therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Stadiotti
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Catto
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiolologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiolologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiolologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chang CC, Chen CY, Chang GD, Chen TH, Chen WL, Wen HC, Huang CY, Chang CH. Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) suppress the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55039-55050. [PMID: 28903400 PMCID: PMC5589639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by mild hyperglycemia and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Effects of chronic exposure to hyperglycemia or AGEs on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes remain unclear. We examined the chronic effect of AGEs and high glucose on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by culturing 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of AGEs or 25 mM glucose for 1 month. Chronic incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with AGEs or high glucose blocked their differentiation into mature adipocytes as evidenced by reduced levels of adipocyte markers such as accumulated oil droplets, GPDH, aP2, adiponectin and of adipogenesis regulators PPARγ and C/EBPα. Levels or activities of Src, PDK1, Akt, and NF-κB were higher in AGEs- and high glucose-treated cells than those in 3T3-L1 cells. Levels of Bcl-2 were elevated in AGEs- and high glucose-treated cells, and were attenuated by inhibitors of PI3-kinase, Akt and NF-κB. Moreover, adipogenesis was attenuated in 3T3-L1 cells stably expressing Bcl-2 or YAP. These results suggest that chronic AGEs and high glucose treatments up-regulate Bcl-2 and YAP via the Akt-NF-κB pathway and impair adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40201, Republic of China.,Environmental and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan 50006, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan 35053, Republic of China
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, School of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Huan Chen
- Environmental and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan 50006, Republic of China.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan 35053, Republic of China.,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Woan-Ling Chen
- Environmental and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan 50006, Republic of China.,Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan 40704, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chin Wen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ho Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, Republic of China.,Environmental and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan 50006, Republic of China.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan 35053, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Borghesi J, Mario LC, Carreira ACO, Miglino MA, Favaron PO. Phenotype and multipotency of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) amniotic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:27. [PMID: 28173846 PMCID: PMC5297200 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are capable of unlimited self-renewal and are able to remain undifferentiated for extended periods of time prior to their differentiation into specific cell lineages. Because of the issues (ethical and religious) involved in the use of embryonic stem cells and the limited plasticity of adult stem cells, an alternative cell source could be foetal stem cells derived from extra-embryonic tissue, which are highly proliferative, grow in vitro and possess interesting immunogenic characteristics. As a result, the amniotic membrane of several species has been studied as an important new source of stem cells. METHODS Here, we cultured and characterized mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from the rabbit amniotic membrane, and investigated their differentiation potential. In total, amniotic membranes were collected from eight rabbit foetuses and were isolated by the explant technique. The obtained cells were cultured in DMEM-HIGH glucose and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. RESULTS The cells adhered to the culture plates and showed a high proliferative capacity with fibroblast-like morphologies. The cells showed a positive response for markers for the cytoskeleton, mesenchymal stem cells and proliferation, pluripotency and haematopoietic precursor stem cells. However, the cells were negative for CD45, a marker of haematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the cells had the capacity to be induced to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. In addition, when the cells were injected into nude mice, we did not observe the formation of tumours. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results demonstrate that multipotent mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from the rabbit amniotic membrane for possible use in future cell therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
- Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270 Brazil
| | - Lara Carolina Mario
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center) and NETCEM (Center for Studies in Cell and Molecular Therapy), School of Medicine—Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ghodsi M, Larijani B, Keshtkar AA, Nasli-Esfahani E, Alatab S, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR. Mechanisms involved in altered bone metabolism in diabetes: a narrative review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 27891497 PMCID: PMC5111345 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that change in metabolism caused by diabetes can influence the bone metabolism in a way that quality and strength of bone is decreased. A 6 times and 2 times increased risk of fracture is reported in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. There are several mechanisms by which diabetes can affect the bone. The fact that some of these mechanisms are acting in opposite ways opens the door for debate on pathways by which diabetes affects the bones. On the other hand, bone is not a simple organ that only get influence from other organs, but it is an endocrine organ that by secreting the agents such as osteocalcin, adiponectin and visfatin which can affect the insulin sensitivity and metabolism. In this paper we tried to briefly assess the latest finding in this matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghodsi
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Resarch Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbass Ali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health (SPH), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sudabeh Alatab
- Urology Research Center (URC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Resarch Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun C, Shang J, Yao Y, Yin X, Liu M, Liu H, Zhou Y. O-GlcNAcylation: a bridge between glucose and cell differentiation. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:769-81. [PMID: 26929182 PMCID: PMC4831356 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the major energy supply and a critical metabolite for most cells and is especially important when cell is differentiating. High or low concentrations of glucose enhances or inhibits the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of cell via the insulin, transforming growth factor‐β and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ pathways, among others. New evidence implicates the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway as a mediator of crosstalk between glucose flux, cellular signalling and epigenetic regulation of cell differentiation. Extracellular glucose flux alters intracellular O‐GlcNAcylation levels through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. Signalling molecules that are important for cell differentiation, including protein kinase C, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Runx2, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding proteins, are modified by O‐GlcNAcylation. Thus, O‐GlcNAcylation markedly alters cell fate during differentiation via the post‐transcriptional modification of proteins. Furthermore, O‐GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation show complex interactions during cell differentiation: they can either non‐competitively occupy different sites on a substrate or competitively occupy a single site or proximal sites. Therefore, the influence of glucose on cell differentiation via O‐GlcNAcylation offers a potential target for controlling tissue homoeostasis and regeneration in ageing and disease. Here, we review recent progress establishing an emerging relationship among glucose concentration, O‐GlcNAcylation levels and cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Center for Evidence-based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Boyle KE, Patinkin ZW, Shapiro ALB, Baker PR, Dabelea D, Friedman JE. Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Infants Born to Obese Mothers Exhibit Greater Potential for Adipogenesis: The Healthy Start BabyBUMP Project. Diabetes 2016; 65:647-59. [PMID: 26631736 PMCID: PMC4764150 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases the risk for pediatric obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms in human infants remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from infants born to obese mothers would demonstrate greater potential for adipogenesis and less potential for myogenesis, driven by differences in β-catenin, a regulator of MSC commitment. MSCs were cultured from the umbilical cords of infants born to normal-weight (prepregnancy [pp] BMI 21.1 ± 0.3 kg/m(2); n = 15; NW-MSCs) and obese mothers (ppBMI 34.6 ± 1.0 kg/m(2); n = 14; Ob-MSCs). Upon differentiation, Ob-MSCs exhibit evidence of greater adipogenesis (+30% Oil Red O stain [ORO], +50% peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ protein; P < 0.05) compared with NW-MSCs. In undifferentiated cells, total β-catenin protein content was 10% lower and phosphorylated Thr41Ser45/total β-catenin was 25% higher (P < 0.05) in Ob-MSCs versus NW-MSCs (P < 0.05). Coupled with 25% lower inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β in Ob-MSCs (P < 0.05), these data suggest greater β-catenin degradation in Ob-MSCs. Lithium chloride inhibition of GSK-3β increased nuclear β-catenin content and normalized nuclear PPAR-γ in Ob-MSCs. Last, ORO in adipogenic differentiating cells was positively correlated with the percent fat mass in infants (r = 0.475; P < 0.05). These results suggest that altered GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in MSCs of infants exposed to maternal obesity may have important consequences for MSC lineage commitment, fetal fat accrual, and offspring obesity risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Boyle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Zachary W Patinkin
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Peter R Baker
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Palacios-Ortega S, Varela-Guruceaga M, Martínez JA, de Miguel C, Milagro FI. Effects of high glucose on caveolin-1 and insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocyte 2016; 5:65-80. [PMID: 27144098 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations exhibit impaired metabolic function, including an increase of oxidative and proinflammatory factors that might favor the development of insulin resistance. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a key mediator of the insulin transduction pathway whose expression is significantly enhanced during adipocyte differentiation. In this work, we studied the effects of high glucose concentration on the regulation of Cav-1 expression and activation and its relation to the insulin signaling pathway during the adipogenic process and in long-term differentiated adipocytes. Both, long-term high glucose exposure during adipogenesis and short-term glucose incubation of mature adipocytes, promoted triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. The short-term exposure of mature adipocytes to high glucose significantly reduced the sensitivity to insulin of Cav-1, insulin receptor (IR) and potein kinase B (AKT-2) phosphorylation, as well as insulin-induced deoxyglucose uptake. Adipocytes differentiated in the presence of high glucose lost Cav-1 and IR response to insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, but maintained the insulin sensitivity of AKT-2 phosphorylation and deoxyglucose uptake. Although long-term high glucose exposure increased DNA methylation in Cav-1 promoter, Cav-1 expression was not affected. Moreover, these cells showed an increase of Cav-1, IR and AKT-2 protein content, pointing to an adaptive response induced by the long-term high glucose exposure.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yee CS, Xie L, Hatsell S, Hum N, Murugesh D, Economides AN, Loots GG, Collette NM. Sclerostin antibody treatment improves fracture outcomes in a Type I diabetic mouse model. Bone 2016; 82:122-34. [PMID: 25952969 PMCID: PMC4635060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients have osteopenia and impaired fracture healing due to decreased osteoblast activity. Further, no adequate treatments are currently available that can restore impaired healing in T1DM; hence a significant need exists to investigate new therapeutics for treatment of orthopedic complications. Sclerostin (SOST), a WNT antagonist, negatively regulates bone formation, and SostAb is a potent bone anabolic agent. To determine whether SOST antibody (SostAb) treatment improves fracture healing in streptozotocin (STZ) induced T1DM mice, we administered SostAb twice weekly for up to 21days post-fracture, and examined bone quality and callus outcomes at 21days and 42days post-fracture (11 and 14weeks of age, respectively). Here we show that SostAb treatment improves bone parameters; these improvements persist after cessation of antibody treatment. Markers of osteoblast differentiation such as Runx2, collagen I, osteocalcin, and DMP1 were reduced, while an abundant number of SP7/osterix-positive early osteoblasts were observed on the bone surface of STZ calluses. These results suggest that STZ calluses have poor osteogenesis resulting from failure of osteoblasts to fully differentiate and produce mineralized matrix, which produces a less mineralized callus. SostAb treatment enhanced fracture healing in both normal and STZ groups, and in STZ+SostAb mice, also reversed the lower mineralization seen in STZ calluses. Micro-CT analysis of calluses revealed improved bone parameters with SostAb treatment, and the mineralized bone was comparable to Controls. Additionally, we found sclerostin levels to be elevated in STZ mice and β-catenin activity to be reduced. Consistent with its function as a WNT antagonist, SostAb treatment enhanced β-catenin activity, but also increased the levels of SOST in the callus and in circulation. Our results indicate that SostAb treatment rescues the impaired osteogenesis seen in the STZ induced T1DM fracture model by facilitating osteoblast differentiation and mineralization of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristal S Yee
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - LiQin Xie
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Hum
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Deepa Murugesh
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Gabriela G Loots
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Collette
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Effects of High Glucose on Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of Gestational Tissue-Derived MSCs. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:9674614. [PMID: 27057179 PMCID: PMC4707328 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9674614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most type 2 diabetic patients are obese who have increased number of visceral adipocytes. Those visceral adipocytes release several factors that enhance insulin resistance making diabetic treatment ineffective. It is known that significant percentages of visceral adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and high glucose enhances adipogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). However, the effect of high glucose on adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow and gestational tissue-derived MSCs is still poorly characterized. This study aims to investigate the effects of high glucose on proliferation as well as adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs derived from bone marrow and several gestational tissues including chorion, placenta, and umbilical cord. We found that high glucose reduced proliferation but enhanced adipogenic differentiation of all MSCs examined. The expression levels of some adipogenic genes were also upregulated when MSCs were cultured in high glucose. Although high glucose transiently downregulated the expression levels of some osteogenic genes examined, its effect on the osteogenic differentiation levels of the MSCs is not clearly demonstrated. The knowledge gained from this study will increase our understanding about the effect of high glucose on adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and might lead to an improvement in the diabetic treatment in the future.
Collapse
|
27
|
The effect of maternal and post-weaning low and high glycaemic index diets on glucose tolerance, fat deposition and hepatic function in rat offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 7:320-329. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415007965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of the diet on the offspring in later life, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, Albino Wistar rats were fed either a low GI (n=14) or high GI (n=14) diet during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring weaned onto either the low or high GI diet. Low GI dams had better glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1322±55 v. 1523±72 mmol min/l, P<0.05) and a lower proportion of visceral fat (19.0±2.9 v. 21.7±3.8% of total body fat, P<0.05) compared to high GI dams. Female offspring of low GI dams had lower visceral adiposity (0.45±0.03 v. 0.53±0.03% body weight, P<0.05) and higher glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1243±29 v. 1351±39 mmol min/l, P<0.05) at weaning, as well as lower hepatic PI3K-p85 mRNA at 12 weeks of age. No differences in glucose tolerance or hepatic gene expression were observed in male offspring, but the male low GI offspring did have reduced hepatic lipid content at weaning. These findings suggest that consuming a low GI diet during pregnancy and lactation can improve glucose tolerance and reduce visceral adiposity in the female offspring at weaning, and may potentially produce long-term reductions in the hepatic lipogenic capacity of these offspring.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu J, Yang J. Uncarboxylated osteocalcin inhibits high glucose-induced ROS production and stimulates osteoblastic differentiation by preventing the activation of PI3K/Akt in MC3T3-E1 cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:173-81. [PMID: 26719856 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncarboxylated osteocalcin, an osteoblast-derived protein, plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. It has previously been demonstrated that high glucose levels inhibit osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms through which uncarboxylated osteocalcin regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation under high glucose conditions remain unclear. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of uncarboxylated osteocalcin on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells under high glucose conditions. We demonstrated that high glucose levels induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MC3T3-E1 cells, and this production was inhibited by treatment with uncarboxylated osteocalcin and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. In addition, we found that uncarboxylated osteocalcin reduced high glucose‑induced oxidative stress and increased the mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix and osteocalcin, as well as the formation of mineralized nodules; it also inhibited adipogenic differentiation, as shown by a decrease in the mRNA expression of the adipogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (adipocyte protein 2; aP2) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and reduced lipid drop accumulation. Furthermore, we found that uncarboxylated osteocalcin inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling which was induced by ROS and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells under high glucose conditions. Taken together and to the best of ou knowledge, our results demonstrate for the first time that uncarboxylated osteocalcin inhibits high glucose-induced ROS production and stimulates osteoblastic differentiation by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt in MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, we suggest that uncarboxylated osteocalcin may be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes-related osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fernández-Trasancos Á, Guerola-Segura R, Paradela-Dobarro B, Álvarez E, García-Acuña JM, Fernández ÁL, González-Juanatey JR, Eiras S. Glucose and Inflammatory Cells Decrease Adiponectin in Epicardial Adipose Tissue Cells: Paracrine Consequences on Vascular Endothelium. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1015-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Fernández-Trasancos
- Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Raquel Guerola-Segura
- Department of Cardiology, Coronary Care Unit; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Beatriz Paradela-Dobarro
- Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José María García-Acuña
- Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Coronary Care Unit; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Fernández
- Department of Heart Surgery; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Coronary Care Unit; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Sonia Eiras
- Cardiology Group, Health Research Institute; University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Adverse Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on the Skeleton of Aging Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:290-9. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
31
|
Kim M, Cho HJ, Jeong YJ, Chung IK, Magae J, Chang YC. 4-O-methylascochlorin suppresses differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting PPARγ expression through regulation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 583:79-86. [PMID: 26271443 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of developing many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and certain cancers, and is thereby associated with premature death. The present study was conducted to identify the inhibitory effect of the ascochlorin derivative 4-O-methylascochlorin (MAC) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MAC suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and inhibited the expression of adipocyte differentiation marker genes, FABP4, PPARγ and C/EBPα. In addition, we found that the inhibitory effects of MAC on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were caused by suppression of mTORC1 via inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 phosphorylation and activation of Raptor phosphorylation. MAC also regulated the PPARγ expression and the mTORC1 activation by increasing AMPK phosphorylation and inhibiting PI3K/Akt, which suggest that MAC suppresses the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the AMPK- and PI3K-mTOR-PPARγ signaling pathways. Furthermore, animal model results showed that the phosphorylation of AMPK was enhanced in the liver of C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally injected with MAC. These results indicate that MAC could be a therapeutic agent for obesity involving PPARγ and AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Inje University, Gimhae, 621-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Junji Magae
- Magae Bioscience Institute, 49-4 Fujimidai, Tsukuba 300-1263, Japan
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li C, Siragy HM. (Pro)renin receptor regulates autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes exposed to high glucose. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E302-10. [PMID: 26081285 PMCID: PMC4525115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00603.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High glucose reduces autophagy and enhances apoptosis of podocytes. Previously, we reported that high glucose induced podocyte injury through upregulation of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR). We hypothesized that increasing PRR reduces autophagy and increases apoptosis of mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Mouse podocytes were cultured in normal (5 mmol/l) or high (25 mmol/l) d-glucose for 48 h. High glucose significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of PRR, phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and p62. In contrast, high glucose decreased activation of UNC-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1) by phosphorylating Ser⁷⁵⁷ and protein levels of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-II and Lamp-2. Bafilomycin A1 increased LC3BII and p62 accumulation in high-glucose-treated cells. High glucose reduced the autophagic flux. Confocal microscopy studies showed significant reduction in the protein level of LC3B in response to high glucose. Cyto-ID autophagy staining showed a significant decrease in autophagosome formation with high glucose. In the absence of PRR, activation of Akt with sc-79 or mTOR with MHY-1485 increased p62 accumulation. Caspase-3/7 activity and apoptosis monitored by TUNEL assay were significantly increased in podocytes treated with high glucose. PRR siRNA significantly reversed the effects of high glucose. Based on these data, we conclude that high glucose decreases autophagy and increases apoptosis in mouse podocytes through the PRR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gan L, Liu Z, Jin W, Zhou Z, Sun C. Foxc2 enhances proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through activating Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway in mouse preadipocytes. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1471-80. [PMID: 26113535 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box C2 (Foxc2) protein is a transcription factor in regulation of development, metabolism, and immunology. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Foxc2 on proliferation and apoptosis of preadipocytes are unclear. In this study, we found that high-fat-diet-induced obesity elevated the expression of Foxc2 and cyclin E after 6 weeks. Additionally, Foxc2 suppressed preadipocyte differentiation, increased cell counts and augmented G1-S transition of preadipocytes, along with the elevation of cyclin E expression and the reduction levels of p27 and p53. Furthermore, Foxc2 knockdown reduced early apoptotic cells with accompanying reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased fragmentation of genomic DNA. We show that Foxc2 reduces the expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in both serum-starved and palmitic acid-induced cell apoptotic models, which confirms the anti-apoptotic role of Foxc2. Moreover, the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)C1 signaling pathway and the ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathway were activated along with preadipocyte proliferation in response to Foxc2 overexpression, whereas apoptosis marker genes were downregulated during this process. Those effects were blocked by the interference of Foxc2 or signal pathways specific inhibitors. These data collectively reveal that Foxc2 enhances proliferation of preadipocytes and inhibits apoptosis of preadipocytes by activating the Akt/mTORC1 and ERK/mTORC1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
There are several mechanisms by which diabetes could affect bone mass and strength. These mechanisms include insulin deficiency; hyperglycemia; the accumulation of advanced glycation end products that may influence collagen characteristics; marrow adiposity and bone inflammation. Furthermore, associated diabetic complications and treatment with thaizolidinediones may also increase risk of fracturing. The following article provides its readers with an update on the latest information pertaining to diabetes related bone skeletal fragility. In the authors' opinion, future studies are needed in order to clarify the impact of different aspects of diabetes metabolism, glycemic control, and specific treatments for diabetes on bone. Given that dual energy x-ray absorptiometry is a poor predictor of bone morbidity in this group of patients, there is a need to explore novel approaches for assessing bone quality. It is important that we develop a better understanding of how diabetes affects bone in order to improve our ability to protect bone health and prevent fractures in the growing population of adults with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiemh Abdalrahman
- a Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK
| | - Suet Ching Chen
- a Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK
| | - Jessie Ruijun Wang
- a Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fu H, Desvergne B, Ferrari S, Bonnet N. Impaired musculoskeletal response to age and exercise in PPARβ(-/-) diabetic mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4686-96. [PMID: 25279796 PMCID: PMC4239426 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fragility fractures are recognized complication of diabetes, but yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This is particularly pronounced in type 2 diabetes in which the propensity to fall is increased but bone mass is not necessarily low. Thus, whether factors implicated in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes directly impact on the musculoskeletal system remains to be investigated. PPARβ(-/-) mice have reduced metabolic activity and are glucose intolerant. We examined changes in bone and muscle in PPARβ(-/-) mice and investigated both the mechanism behind those changes with age as well as their response to exercise. Compared with their wild type, PPARβ(-/-) mice had an accelerated and parallel decline in both muscle and bone strength with age. These changes were accompanied by increased myostatin expression, low bone formation, and increased resorption. In addition, mesenchymal cells from PPARβ(-/-) had a reduced proliferation capacity and appeared to differentiate into more of an adipogenic phenotype. Concomitantly we observed an increased expression of PPARγ, characteristic of adipocytes. The anabolic responses of muscle and bone to exercise were also diminished in PPARβ(-/-) mice. The periosteal bone formation response to direct bone compression was, however, maintained, indicating that PPARβ controls periosteal bone formation through muscle contraction and/or metabolism. Taken together, these data indicate that PPARβ deficiency leads to glucose intolerance, decreased muscle function, and reduced bone strength. On a molecular level, PPARβ appears to regulate myostatin and PPARγ expression in muscle and bone, thereby providing potential new targets to reverse bone fragility in patients with metabolic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Fu
- Division of Bone Diseases (S.F., N.B.), Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 14, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; and Center of Integrative Genomics (H.F., B.D.), Genopode, Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Samokhvalov V, Vriend J, Jamieson KL, Akhnokh MK, Manne R, Falck JR, Seubert JM. PPARγ signaling is required for mediating EETs protective effects in neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to LPS. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:242. [PMID: 25426073 PMCID: PMC4227494 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial wall endotoxin producing many pathophysiological conditions including myocardial inflammation leading to cardiotoxicity. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are biologically active metabolites of arachidonic acids capable of activating protective cellular pathways in response to stress stimuli. EETs evoke a plethora of pathways limiting impairments of cellular structures, reducing cell death, and promoting anti-inflammatory reactions in various cell types. Considering EETs are capable of producing various biological protective effects, we hypothesized that EETs would protect rat neonatal cardiomyocytes (NCM) against LPS-induced cytotoxicity. In this study, we used a dual-acting, synthetic analog of EETs, UA-8 [13-(3-propylureido)tridec-8-enoic acid], possessing both EET-mimetic and soluble epoxide hydrolase selective inhibitory properties and 14,15-EET as a model of canonical EET molecules. We found that both UA-8 and 14,15-EET significantly improved cell viability and mitochondrial function of cardiomyocytes exposed to LPS. Furthermore, treatment with UA-8 or 14,15-EET resulted in significant attenuation of LPS-triggered pro-inflammatory response, caspase-3 activation and reduction in the total antioxidant capacity in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, EET-mediated effects were significantly reduced by pharmacological inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) suggesting that PPARγ signaling was required for EETs exerted protective effects. Data presented in the current study demonstrate that activation of PPARγ signaling plays a crucial role in EET-mediated protection against LPS-cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Samokhvalov
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jelle Vriend
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kristi L Jamieson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria K Akhnokh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rajkumar Manne
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Piccinin MA, Khan ZA. Pathophysiological role of enhanced bone marrow adipogenesis in diabetic complications. Adipocyte 2014; 3:263-72. [PMID: 26317050 DOI: 10.4161/adip.32215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes leads to complications in select organ systems primarily by disrupting the vasculature of the target organs. These complications include both micro- (cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macro-(atherosclerosis) angiopathies. Bone marrow angiopathy is also evident in both experimental models of the disease as well as in human diabetes. In addition to vascular disruption, bone loss and increased marrow adiposity have become hallmarks of the diabetic bone phenotype. Emerging evidence now implicates enhanced marrow adipogenesis and changes to cellular makeup of the marrow in a novel mechanistic link between various secondary complications of diabetes. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of enhanced marrow adipogenesis in diabetes and the link between changes to marrow cellular composition, and disruption and depletion of reparative stem cells.
Collapse
|
38
|
Su YF, Yang SH, Lee YH, Wu BC, Huang SC, Liu CM, Chen SL, Pan YF, Chou S, Chou MY, Yang HW. Aspirin-induced inhibition of adipogenesis was p53-dependent and associated with inactivation of pentose phosphate pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
39
|
Beg M, Chauhan P, Varshney S, Shankar K, Rajan S, Saini D, Srivastava MN, Yadav PP, Gaikwad AN. A withanolide coagulin-L inhibits adipogenesis modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway and cell cycle in mitotic clonal expansion. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:406-414. [PMID: 24252344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a result of adipocyte hypertrophy followed by hyperplasia. It is a risk factor for several metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Coagulanolides, particularly coagulin-L isolated from W. coagulan has earlier been reported for anti-hyperglycemic activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of coagulin-L on in vitro models of adipocyte differentiation including 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte, mouse stromal mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells and bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Our results showed that, coagulin-L reduces the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), the major transcription factors orchestrating adipocyte differentiation. Detailed analysis further proved that early exposure of coagulin-L is sufficient to cause significant inhibition during adipogenesis. Coagulin-L inhibited mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) by delayed entry in G1 to S phase transition and S-phase arrest. This MCE blockade was caused apparently by decreased phosphorylation of C/EBPβ, modulation in expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, the early stage regulatory proteins of adipogenic induction. Taken together all evidences, a known anti-hyperglycemic agent coagulin-L has shown potential to inhibit adipogenesis significantly, which can be therapeutically exploited for treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Parul Chauhan
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - M N Srivastava
- Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem P Yadav
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CDRI, India.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sart S, Agathos SN, Li Y. Process engineering of stem cell metabolism for large scale expansion and differentiation in bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
41
|
Tintut Y, Demer LL. Effects of bioactive lipids and lipoproteins on bone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:53-9. [PMID: 24183940 PMCID: PMC3946677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies from the past two decades show a link between atherosclerotic vascular disease and bone loss, that is independent of age, the mechanism is still unclear. This review focuses on evidence that suggests a role for atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of bone loss, including direct effects of these bioactive lipids/lipoproteins on bone cells, inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation and promoting osteoclastic differentiation. It also addresses recent evidence that suggests that bioactive lipids blunt the effects of bone anabolic agents such as teriparatide and bone morphogenetic proteins. Systemic and intracellular oxidant stress and inflammation are implicated in mediating the effects of bioactive lipids/lipoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Linda L Demer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shen Y, Zhao Y, Zheng D, Chang X, Ju S, Guo L. Effects of orexin A on GLUT4 expression and lipid content via MAPK signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:376-83. [PMID: 23907013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orexin A regulates food intake, energy metabolism and gastrointestinal function; it also increases glucose uptake and inhibits lipolysis, suggesting a role for orexin A in glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, the effects of orexin A on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA level and lipid content were explored in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. Orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) protein expression was determined in the adipose tissue of normal and obese rats. In addition, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with different concentrations of orexin A (10(-9) to 10(-7)M), without or with OX1R specific antagonist, then the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2) mRNA expression was analyzed. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to orexin A, without or with MAPK and OX1R antagonist, after which the GLUT4 and ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activation, and triglyceride (TG) content were measured. We observed that OX1R protein expression was decreased in obese rats, and OX1R protein level was negatively correlated with body fat, Lee's index, TG, total cholesterol, and fasting insulin levels. Orexin A enhanced PPARγ2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through OX1R. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, orexin A significantly increased GLUT4 mRNA levels, which was blocked by the ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK inhibitors as well as OX1R antagonist. Furthermore, orexin A increased cellular TG content via ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK as well as OX1R. Thus, orexin A increases GLUT4 mRNA expression and lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes via ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling. In addition, orexin A increases PPARγ2 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the impact of orexin A in metabolic disorders and adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dünner N, Quezada C, Berndt FA, Cánovas J, Rojas CV. Angiotensin II signaling in human preadipose cells: participation of ERK1,2-dependent modulation of Akt. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75440. [PMID: 24098385 PMCID: PMC3788799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system expressed in adipose tissue has been implicated in the modulation of adipocyte formation, glucose metabolism, triglyceride accumulation, lipolysis, and the onset of the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity. As we investigated angiotensin II signal transduction mechanisms in human preadipose cells, an interplay of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1,2) and Akt/PKB became evident. Angiotensin II caused attenuation of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), at serine 473; the p-Akt/Akt ratio decreased to 0.5±0.2-fold the control value without angiotensin II (p<0.001). Here we report that the reduction of phosphorylated Akt associates with ERK1,2 activities. In the absence of angiotensin II, inhibition of ERK1,2 activation with U0126 or PD98059 resulted in a 2.1±0.5 (p<0.001) and 1.4±0.2-fold (p<0.05) increase in the p-Akt/Akt ratio, respectively. In addition, partial knockdown of ERK1 protein expression by the short hairpin RNA technique also raised phosphorylated Akt in these cells (the p-Akt/Akt ratio was 1.5±0.1-fold the corresponding control; p<0.05). Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1,2 activation with U0126 prevented the reduction of p-Akt/Akt by angiotensin II. An analogous effect was found on the phosphorylation status of Akt downstream effectors, the forkhead box (Fox) proteins O1 and O4. Altogether, these results indicate that angiotensin II signaling in human preadipose cells involves an ERK1,2-dependent attenuation of Akt activity, whose impact on the biological functions under its regulation is not fully understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dünner
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Quezada
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F. Andrés Berndt
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Cánovas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia V. Rojas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Y, Yang JH. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by oxidative stress mediates high glucose-induced increase of adipogenic differentiation in primary rat osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2595-602. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19A Yuquan Road; Beijing; 100049; People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Yang
- College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19A Yuquan Road; Beijing; 100049; People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jeong IK. Letter: An In Vitro Model to Probe the Regulation of Adipocyte Differentiation under Hyperglycemia (Diabetes Metab J 2013;37:176-80). Diabetes Metab J 2013; 37:296-7. [PMID: 23991409 PMCID: PMC3753496 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang H, Wang G, Wang C, Wei Y, Wen Z, Wang C, Zhu A. The early stage formation of PI3K-AMPAR GluR2 subunit complex facilitates the long term neuroprotection induced by propofol post-conditioning in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65187. [PMID: 23776449 PMCID: PMC3679144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) mediated acute (24 h) post-conditioning neuroprotection induced by propofol. We also found that propofol post-conditioning produced long term neuroprotection and inhibited the internalization of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluR2 subunit up to 28 days post middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, the relationship between PI3K with AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit trafficking in propofol post-conditioning has never been explored. Here we showed that propofol post-conditioning promoted the binding of PI3K to the C-terminal of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit and formed a complex within 1 day after transient MCAO. Interestingly, the enhanced activity of PI3K was observed in the hippocampus of post-conditioning rats at day 1 post ischemia, whereas the decrease of AMPA receptor GluR2 subunit internalization was found up to 28 days in the same group. Administration of PI3K selective antagonist wortmannin inhibited the improvement of spatial learning memory and the increase of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus up to 28 days post ischemia. It also reversed the inhibition of AMPA receptor GluR2 internalization induced by propofol post-conditioning. Together, our data indicated the critical role of PI3K in regulating the long term neuroprotection induced by propofol post-conditioning. Moreover, this role was established by first day activation of PI3K and formation of PI3K-AMPA receptor GluR2 complex, thus stabilized the structure of postsnaptic AMPA receptor and inhibited the internalization of GluR2 subunit during the early stage of propofol post-conditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tsai TL, Manner PA, Li WJ. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis by glucose through protein kinase C/transforming growth factor signaling. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:368-76. [PMID: 23151458 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective induction of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation for regenerative medicine applications remains a great challenge. While much research has studied hMSC activity during differentiation, it is unclear whether pre-differentiation culture can modulate differentiation capacity. We investigate the effect of glucose concentration in pre-differentiation/expansion culture on modulating chondrogenic capacity of hMSCs, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. DESIGN The extent of chondrogenesis of hMSCs previously cultured with different concentrations of glucose was evaluated. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling molecules and protein kinase C (PKC) were analyzed to identify the role of these molecules in the regulation of glucose on chondrogenesis. In addition, hMSCs in high-glucose expansion culture were treated with the PKC inhibitor to modulate the activity of PKC and TGF-β signaling molecules. RESULTS High-glucose maintained hMSCs were less chondrogenic than low-glucose maintained cells upon receiving differentiation signals. Interestingly, we found that high-glucose culture increased the phosphorylation of PKC and expression of type II TGF-β receptor (TGFβRII) in pre-differentiation hMSCs. However, low-glucose maintained hMSCs became more responsive to chondrogenic induction with increased PKC activation and TGFβRII expression than high-glucose maintained hMSCs during differentiation. Inhibiting the PKC activity of high-glucose maintained hMSCs during expansion culture upregulated the TGFβRII expression of chondrogenic cell pellets, and enhanced chondrogenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the effect of glucose concentration on regulating the chondrogenic capability of pre-differentiation hMSCs, and provide insight into the mechanism of how glucose concentration regulates PKC and TGF-β signaling molecules to prime pre-differentiation hMSCs for subsequent chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T-L Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lim S, Jang H, Park EH, Kim JK, Kim J, Kim E, Yea K, Kim Y, Lee‐Kwon W, Ryu SH, Suh P. Wedelolactone inhibits adipogenesis through the ERK pathway in human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3436-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Lim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Jun Jang
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Park
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kuk Kim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Min Kim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung‐Kyun Kim
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Hee Kim
- Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee‐Kwon
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann‐Ghill Suh
- School of Nano‐Bioscience & Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nascimento AR, Pimenta MT, Lucas TFG, Royer C, Porto CS, Lazari MFM. Intracellular signaling pathways involved in the relaxin-induced proliferation of rat Sertoli cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:283-91. [PMID: 22819701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of Sertoli cell number is a key event to determine normal spermatogenesis. We have previously shown that relaxin and its G-protein coupled receptor RXFP1 are expressed in rat Sertoli cells, and that relaxin stimulates Sertoli cell proliferation. This study examined the mechanisms underlying the mitogenic effect of relaxin in a primary culture of Sertoli cells removed from testes of immature rats. Stimulation with exogenous relaxin increased Sertoli cell number and the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), but did not affect the mRNA level of the differentiation markers cadherins 1 and 2. Relaxin-induced Sertoli cell proliferation was blocked by inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 or PI3K/AKT pathways, but not by inhibition of PKC or EGFR activity. Relaxin induced a rapid and transient activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which was MEK and SRC-dependent, and involved upstream activation of G(i). AKT activation could be detected 5 min after relaxin stimulation, and was still detected after 24h of stimulation with relaxin. Relaxin-induced AKT phosphorylation was G(i)- but not PKA-dependent, and it was blocked by both PI3K and MEK inhibitors. In conclusion, the mitogenic effect of relaxin in Sertoli cell involves coupling to G(i) and activation of both MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rosa Nascimento
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chang YC, Cho HJ. Ascofuranone stimulates expression of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor through the modulation of mitogen activated protein kinase family members in 3T3-L1, murine pre-adipocyte cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:423-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|