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Wang M, Pugh SM, Daboul J, Miller D, Xu Y, Hill JW. IGF-1 Acts through Kiss1-expressing Cells to Influence Metabolism and Reproduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601722. [PMID: 39005405 PMCID: PMC11244982 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Objective Kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, ties puberty and fertility to energy status; however, the metabolic factors that control Kiss1-expressing cells need to be clarified. Methods To evaluate the impact of IGF-1 on the metabolic and reproductive functions of kisspeptin producing cells, we created mice with IGF-1 receptor deletion driven by the Kiss1 promoter (IGF1RKiss1 mice). Previous studies have shown IGF-1 and insulin can bind to each other's receptor, permitting IGF-1 signaling in the absence of IGF1R. Therefore, we also generated mice with simultaneous deletion of the IGF1R and insulin receptor (IR) in Kiss1-expressing cells (IGF1R/IRKiss1 mice). Results Loss of IGF1R in Kiss1 cells caused stunted body length. In addition, female IGF1RKiss1 mice displayed lower body weight and food intake plus higher energy expenditure and physical activity. This phenotype was linked to higher proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and heightened brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Male IGF1RKiss1 mice had mild changes in metabolic functions. Moreover, IGF1RKiss1 mice of both sexes experienced delayed puberty. Notably, male IGF1RKiss1 mice had impaired adulthood fertility accompanied by lower gonadotropin and testosterone levels. Thus, IGF1R in Kiss1-expressing cells impacts metabolism and reproduction in a sex-specific manner. IGF1R/IRKiss1 mice had higher fat mass and glucose intolerance, suggesting IGF1R and IR in Kiss1-expressing cells together regulate body composition and glucose homeostasis. Conclusions Overall, our study shows that IGF1R and IR in Kiss1 have cooperative roles in body length, metabolism, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seamus M. Pugh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Judy Daboul
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - David Miller
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer W. Hill
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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2
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Cannarella R, Crafa A, Curto R, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Obesity and male fertility disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101273. [PMID: 38593513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Often associated with obesity, male infertility represents a widespread condition that challenges the wellbeing of the couple. In this article, we provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of studies exploring the association between obesity and male reproductive function, to evaluate the frequency of this association, and establish the effects of increased body weight on conventional and biofunctional sperm parameters and infertility. In an attempt to find possible molecular markers of infertility in obese male patients, the numerous mechanisms responsible for infertility in overweight/obese patients are reviewed in depth. These include obesity-related functional hypogonadism, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, adipokines, irisin, gut hormones, gut microbiome, and sperm transcriptome. According to meta-analytic evidence, excessive body weight negatively influences male reproductive health. This can occurr through a broad array of molecular mechanisms. Some of these are not yet fully understood and need to be further elucidated in the future. A better understanding of the effects of metabolic disorders on spermatogenesis and sperm fertilizing capacity is very useful for identifying new diagnostic markers and designing therapeutic strategies for better clinical management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Curto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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3
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Sliwowska JH, Woods NE, Alzahrani AR, Paspali E, Tate RJ, Ferro VA. Kisspeptin a potential therapeutic target in treatment of both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13541. [PMID: 38599822 PMCID: PMC11006622 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins (KPs) are proteins that were first recognized to have antimetastatic action. Later, the critical role of this peptide in the regulation of reproduction was proved. In recent years, evidence has been accumulated supporting a role for KPs in regulating metabolic processes in a sexual dimorphic manner. It has been proposed that KPs regulate metabolism both indirectly via gonadal hormones and/or directly via the kisspeptin receptor in the brain, brown adipose tissue, and pancreas. The aim of the review is to provide both experimental and clinical evidence indicating that KPs are peptides linking metabolism and reproduction. We propose that KPs could be used as a potential target to treat both metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. Thus, we focus on the consequences of disruptions in KPs and their receptors in metabolic conditions such as diabetes, undernutrition, obesity, and reproductive disorders (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome). Data from both animal models and human subjects indicate that alterations in KPs in the case of metabolic imbalance lead also to disruptions in reproductive functions. Changes both in the hypothalamic and peripheral KP systems in animal models of the aforementioned disorders are discussed. Finally, an overview of current clinical studies involving KP in fertility and metabolism show fewer studies on metabolism (15%) and only one to date on both. Presented data indicate a dynamic and emerging field of KP studies as possible therapeutic targets in treatments of both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Helena Sliwowska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nicola Elizabeth Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elpiniki Paspali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rothwelle Joseph Tate
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Valerie Anne Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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4
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Lu JF, Zhu MQ, Xia B, Zhang NN, Liu XP, Liu H, Zhang RX, Xiao JY, Yang H, Zhang YQ, Li XM, Wu JW. GDF15 is a major determinant of ketogenic diet-induced weight loss. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2165-2182.e7. [PMID: 38056430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
A ketogenic diet (KD) has been promoted as an obesity management diet, yet its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that KD reduces energy intake and body weight in humans, pigs, and mice, accompanied by elevated circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). In GDF15- or its receptor GFRAL-deficient mice, these effects of KD disappeared, demonstrating an essential role of GDF15-GFRAL signaling in KD-mediated weight loss. Gdf15 mRNA level increases in hepatocytes upon KD feeding, and knockdown of Gdf15 by AAV8 abrogated the obesity management effect of KD in mice, corroborating a hepatic origin of GDF15 production. We show that KD activates hepatic PPARγ, which directly binds to the regulatory region of Gdf15, increasing its transcription and production. Hepatic Pparγ-knockout mice show low levels of plasma GDF15 and significantly diminished obesity management effects of KD, which could be restored by either hepatic Gdf15 overexpression or recombinant GDF15 administration. Collectively, our study reveals a previously unexplored GDF15-dependent mechanism underlying KD-mediated obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meng Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Na Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiao Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Ying Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiao Miao Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Mansano NDS, Vieira HR, Araujo-Lopes R, Szawka RE, Donato J, Frazao R. Fasting Modulates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission to Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad150. [PMID: 37793082 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is suppressed due to negative energy balance. However, less information is available on whether kisspeptin neuronal activity contributes to fasting-induced responses. In the present study, female and male mice were fasted for 24 hours or provided food ad libitum (fed group) to determine whether acute fasting is sufficient to modulate kisspeptin neuronal activity. In female mice, fasting attenuated luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) serum levels and increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels compared with the fed group. In contrast, fasting did not affect gonadotropin or PRL secretion in male mice. By measuring genes related to LH pulse generation in micropunches obtained from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH), we observed that fasting reduced Kiss1 mRNA levels in female and male mice. In contrast, Pdyn expression was upregulated only in fasted female mice, whereas no changes in the Tac2 mRNA levels were observed in both sexes. Interestingly, the frequency and amplitude of the GABAergic postsynaptic currents recorded from ARH kisspeptin neurons (ARHKisspeptin) were reduced in 24-hour fasted female mice but not in males. Additionally, neuropeptide Y induced a hyperpolarization in the resting membrane potential of ARHKisspeptin neurons of fed female mice but not in males. Thus, the response of ARHKisspeptin neurons to fasting is sexually dependent with a female bias, associated with changes in gonadotropins and PRL secretion. Our findings suggest that GABAergic transmission to ARHKisspeptin neurons modulates the activity of the HPG axis during situations of negative energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira da Silva Mansano
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Anatomia, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rodrigues Vieira
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Anatomia, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Roberta Araujo-Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Anatomia, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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6
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Cao Y, Yang M, Song J, Jiang X, Xu S, Che L, Fang Z, Lin Y, Jin C, Feng B, Wu D, Hua L, Zhuo Y. Dietary Protein Regulates Female Estrous Cyclicity Partially via Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Nutrients 2023; 15:3049. [PMID: 37447375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone predominantly released in the liver, has emerged as a critical endocrine signal of dietary protein intake, but its role in the control of estrous cyclicity by dietary protein remains uncertain. To investigated the role of FGF21 and hypothalamic changes in the regulation of estrous cyclicity by dietary protein intake, female adult Sprague-Dawley rats with normal estrous cycles were fed diets with protein contents of 4% (P4), 8% (P8), 13% (P13), 18% (P18), and 23% (P23). FGF21 liver-specific knockout or wild-type mice were fed P18 or P4 diets to examine the role of liver FGF21 in the control of estrous cyclicity. Dietary protein restriction resulted in no negative effects on estrous cyclicity or ovarian follicular development when the protein content was greater than 8%. Protein restriction at 4% resulted in decreased bodyweight, compromised Kiss-1 expression in the hypothalamus, disturbed estrous cyclicity, and inhibited uterine and ovarian follicular development. The disturbed estrous cyclicity in rats that received the P4 diet was reversed after feeding with the P18 diet. Liver Fgf21 mRNA expressions and serum FGF21 levels were significantly increased as dietary protein content decreased, and loss of hepatic FGF21 delayed the onset of cyclicity disruption in rats fed with the P4 diet, possibly due to the regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1. Collectively, severe dietary protein restriction results in the cessation of estrous cyclicity and ovarian follicle development, and hepatic FGF21 and hypothalamic Kiss-1 were partially required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Pet Nutrition and Health Research Center, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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7
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Sahin Z, Ozcan M, Ozkaya A, Canpolat S, Kutlu S, Kelestimur H. Percentages of serum, liver and adipose tissue fatty acids and body weight are affected in female rats by long-term Central kisspeptin treatments. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:307-315. [PMID: 32951481 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1819339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the possible effects of long-term exogenous kisspeptin and its antagonist P234 on serum, liver and adipose tissue fatty acids (FA) profiles, as well as body weight, in female rats. Kisspeptin (50 pmol) and P234 (1 nmol) were administrated to the weaned Sprague-Dawley female rats by an intracerebroventricular injection from the 26th postnatal day to the 60th postnatal day. Percentages of the serum total saturated FA (∑SFA) and total monounsaturated FA (∑MUFA) were lower in the kisspeptin group. In the adipose tissue, ∑SFA was lower and total unsaturated FA higher in the P234 group. Moreover, long-term central kisspeptin injection caused a decrease in the body weight. When compared to the kisspeptin group, the final body weights were higher in the P234 and kisspeptin + P234 groups. According to our results, we suggest that kisspeptin has a regulatory role in FA metabolism and regulation of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozkaya
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Selim Kutlu
- Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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8
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Wang B, Cui A, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Liu X. Food deprivation differentially modulates gene expression of LPXRFa and kisspeptin systems in the brain-pituitary axis of half-smooth tongue sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1099832. [PMID: 37033260 PMCID: PMC10081681 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1099832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
LPXRFa, also known as gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), and kisspeptin (Kiss) are two major hypothalamic peptides that modulate the reproductive axis of vertebrates, including teleosts. However, little information is available regarding the actions of nutritional status on the regulation of these two neuroendocrine systems in fish. Herein, we assessed the effects of starvation and refeeding on the expression of lpxrfa, kiss2 and their receptors (lpxrfa-r and kiss2r respectively) at the brain-pituitary level of half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Food deprivation for 4 weeks induced a rise in brain lpxrfa as well as brain and pituitary lpxrfa-r mRNA levels, and refeeding restored brain lpxrfa and lpxrfa-r expression back to normal. However, pituitary lpxrfa-r mRNA levels still remained high after 1 week of refeeding. Neither lpxrfa nor kiss2 transcripts in the pituitary were altered by fasting, but their mRNA levels increased significantly after 1 week of refeeding, and declined back to the control levels after 2 weeks of refeeding. None of brain kiss2 and kiss2r along with pituitary kiss2r transcripts were modified by the nutritional status. In summary, our results revealed an interaction between energy status and the elements of LPXRFa and Kiss systems in the brain-pituitary axis of half-smooth tongue sole. Food deprivation and refeeding differentially regulated the two systems, which provided additional evidence for the involvement of the LPXRFa and Kiss systems in the regulation of reproduction by energy balance in non-mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Aijun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yongjiang Xu,
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Xuezhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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9
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Iwasa T, Noguchi H, Aoki H, Tamura K, Maeda T, Takeda A, Uchishiba M, Arakaki R, Minato S, Kamada S, Yamamoto S, Imaizumi J, Kagawa T, Yoshida A, Fukui R, Daizumoto K, Kon M, Shinohara N, Yoshida K, Yamamoto Y. Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. Endocr J 2022; 69:1363-1372. [PMID: 36372440 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that undernutrition and low energy availability disturb female reproductive functions in humans and many animal species. These reproductive dysfunctions are mainly caused by alterations of some hypothalamic factors, and consequent reduction of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Evidence from literature suggests that increased activity of orexigenic factors and decreased activity of anorexigenic/satiety-related factors in undernourished conditions attenuate GnRH secretion in an integrated manner. Likewise, the activity of kisspeptin neurons, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is also reduced in undernourished conditions. In addition, it has been suggested that gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone, which has anti-GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, may be involved in reproductive dysfunctions under several kinds of stress conditions. It should be remembered that these alterations, i.e., promotion of feeding behavior and temporary suppression of reproductive functions, are induced to prioritize the survival of individual over that of species, and that improvements in metabolic and nutritional conditions should be considered with the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidenori Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kou Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Maimi Uchishiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rijin Fukui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tokushima Municipal Hospital, Tokushima 770-0812, Japan
| | - Kei Daizumoto
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kon
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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10
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Abot A, Robert V, Fleurot R, Dardente H, Hellier V, Froment P, Duittoz A, Knauf C, Dufourny L. How does apelin affect LH levels? An investigation at the level of GnRH and KNDy neurons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 557:111752. [PMID: 35973528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic control of reproduction relies on GnRH and kisspeptin (KP) secretions. KP neurons are sensitive to sex steroids and metabolic status and their distribution overlaps with neurons producing apelin, a metabolic hormone known to decrease LH secretion in rats. Here, we observed neuroanatomical contacts between apelin fibers and both KP and GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus of male rodents. Intracerebroventricular apelin infusion for 2 weeks in male mice did not decrease LH levels nor did it affect gene expression for KP, neurokinin B and dynorphin. Finally, increasing apelin concentrations did not modulate Ca2+ levels of cultured GnRH neurons, while 10 μM apelin infusion on forskolin pretreated GnRH neurons revoked a rhythmic activity in 18% of GnRH neurons. These results suggest that acute apelin effect on LH secretion does not involve modulation of gene expression in KP neurons but may affect the secretory activity of GnRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, International Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, CS 60039, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Vincent Robert
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Renaud Fleurot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vincent Hellier
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Duittoz
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, International Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota, CS 60039, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurence Dufourny
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
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11
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Dardente H, Lomet D, Desmarchais A, Téteau O, Lasserre O, Gonzalez AA, Dubois E, Beltramo M, Elis S. Impact of food restriction on the medio-basal hypothalamus of intact ewes as revealed by a large-scale transcriptomics study. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13198. [PMID: 36168278 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH) integrates photoperiodic and food-related cues to ensure timely phasing of physiological functions, including seasonal reproduction. The current human epidemics of obesity and associated reproductive disorders exemplifies the tight link between metabolism and reproduction. Yet, how food-related cues impact breeding at the level of the MBH remains unclear. In this respect, the sheep, which is a large diurnal mammal with a marked dual photoperiodic/metabolic control of seasonal breeding, is a relevant model. Here, we present a large-scale study in ewes (n = 120), which investigated the impact of food restriction (FRes) on the MBH transcriptome using unbiased RNAseq, followed by RT-qPCR. Few genes (~100) were impacted by FRes and the transcriptional impact was very modest (<2-fold increase or < 50% decrease for most genes). As anticipated, FRes increased expression of Npy/AgRP/LepR and decreased expression of Pomc/Cartpt, while Kiss1 expression was not impacted. Of particular interest, Eya3, Nmu and Dio2, genes involved in photoperiodic decoding within the MBH, were also affected by FRes. Finally, we also identified a handful of genes not known to be regulated by food-related cues (e.g., RNase6, HspA6, Arrdc2). In conclusion, our transcriptomics study provides insights into the impact of metabolism on the MBH in sheep, which may be relevant to human, and identifies possible molecular links between metabolism and (seasonal) reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Lomet
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Ophélie Téteau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Anne-Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emeric Dubois
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sébastien Elis
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
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12
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Decourt C, Connolly GADP, Ancel C, Inglis MA, Anderson GM. Agouti-related peptide neuronal silencing overcomes delayed puberty in neonatally underfed male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13190. [PMID: 36306199 PMCID: PMC9788270 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are thought to indirectly regulate the activity of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons which control fertility. AgRP neurons also drive caloric intake and are modulated by metabolically-relevant hormones, providing a link to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In mice expressing Cre-dependant designer receptors (DREADDs) in AgRP neurons, we activated or silenced these neurons in vivo using the synthetic ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) to observe the effect of AgRP neuron activity on timing of puberty. To validate these animals, we chronically treated both stimulatory (hM3Dq) and inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADD × AgRP-Cre mice with CNO, observing a pronounced increase and decrease of food intake, respectively, consistent with the known orexigenic effects of these neurons. RNAscope was performed to visually confirm the activation of AgRP neurons. Puberty onset was assessed in males and females. There was no effect on preputial separation in males or vaginal opening and first oestrus in females after CNO treatment from day 26 to 30 to chronically modulate AgRP neurons. Next, to determine whether the delay in puberty onset occurring in response to neonatal underfeeding could be overcome by inhibiting AgRP neuronal activity, mice were raised in large (neonatally underfed) or normal litter sizes. The delay in puberty from underfeeding was completely reversed in CNO-treated AgRP-hM4Di male mice. These data highlight the inhibitory role of AgRP neurons to delay puberty onset when undernutrition occurs during the neonatal period, at least in male mice. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: JNE-22-0081-OA.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George A. D. P. Connolly
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Caroline Ancel
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Megan A. Inglis
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Greg M. Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
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13
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Ziarniak K, Yang T, Boycott C, Beetch M, Sassek M, Grzeda E, Ma Y, Sliwowska JH, Stefanska B. DNA hypermethylation of Kiss1r promoter and reduction of hepatic Kiss1r in female rats with type 2 diabetes. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2332-2346. [PMID: 36094166 PMCID: PMC9665141 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin, produced from the brain and peripheral tissues, may constitute an important link in metabolic regulation in response to external cues, such as diet. The kisspeptin system is well described in the brain. However, its function and regulation in the peripheral tissues, especially in relation to metabolic disease and sex differences, remain to be elucidated. As Kiss1 and Kiss1r, encoding for kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptors, respectively, are altered by overnutrition/fasting and regulated by DNA methylation during puberty and cancer, epigenetic mechanisms in metabolic disorders are highly probable. In the present study, we experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in female Wistar rats using high-fat diet/streptozocin. We analysed expression and DNA methylation of Kiss1 and Kiss1r in the peripheral tissues, using quantitative-reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and pyrosequencing. We discovered differential expression of Kiss1 and Kiss1r in peripheral organs in DM2 females, as compared with healthy controls, and the profile differed from patterns reported earlier in males. DM2 in females was linked to the increased Kiss1 mRNA in the liver and increased Kiss1r mRNA in the liver and adipose tissue. However, Kiss1r promoter was hypermethylated in the liver, suggesting gene silencing. Indeed, the increase in DNA methylation of Kiss1r promoter was accompanied by a reduction in Kiss1r protein, implying epigenetic or translational gene repression. Our results deliver novel evidence for tissue-specific differences in Kiss1 and Kiss1r expression in peripheral organs in DM2 females and suggest DNA methylation as a player in regulation of the hepatic kisspeptin system in DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tony Yang
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cayla Boycott
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan Beetch
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Grzeda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Yuexi Ma
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanna H Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Stefanska
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Xu S, Wang M, Li Y, Tang N, Zhang X, Chen H, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen D, Li Z. Cloning and expression of kiss genes and regulation of feeding in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:419-436. [PMID: 35184249 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In 1996, kiss was reported to regulate feeding in mammals, but studies are limited in fish. Our study aimed to explore the possible role of kiss in the regulation of feeding in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). kiss1 and kiss2 were cloned, and the expression patterns were analyzed in Siberian sturgeon. The complete coding regions of kiss1 and kiss2 genes were 393 and 471 bp. Both kiss1 and kiss2 showed the highest expression level in the hypothalamus. During the periprandial and fasting experiments, the expression of kiss1 and kiss2 highly significantly increased in the hypothalamus after feeding (P < 0.01). Compared with the feeding group, in hypothalamus, kiss1 expression in the fasting group highly significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In contrast, kiss2 expression had no significant difference on days 1 and 7 (P > 0.05) but highly significantly increased on day 14 (P < 0.01). Subsequently, the feeding function was verified by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Kp1(10) and Kp1(10) into fish. The results showed that i.p. injection of 1 µg/g BW Kp1(10) or 0.01 µg/g BW Kp2(10) could significantly reduce 0-1 h food intake (P < 0.05) and affected the expression levels of apelin, ghrelin, leptin, nmu, etc. in the hypothalamus. These results suggested that kiss1 plays an anorexic role in both short- and long-term feeding regulation, while kiss2 plays a short-term anorexic and long-term orexigenic role. This study described kiss as a novel regulator of appetite in fish and laid the groundwork for further studies focused on physiological function. HIGHLIGHTS: • The kiss1 and kiss2 of Siberian sturgeon were cloned. • The expression levels of kiss1 and kiss2 mRNA were the highest in the hypothalamus. • Postprandial hypothalamic kiss1 and kiss2 expression levels increased in the periprandial experiment. • In the fasting test, the expression of hypothalamic kiss1 decreased after fasting, while the expression of kiss2 increased after fasting on the 14th day. • Siberian sturgeon food intake was reduced, and appetite factors expression levels in the hypothalamus were altered after intraperitoneal injection of Kp1(10) and Kp2(10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Defang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Iwasa T, Yamamoto Y, Noguchi H, Takeda A, Minato S, Kamada S, Imaizumi J, Kagawa T, Yoshida A, Kawakita T, Yoshida K. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of reproductive dysfunctions in undernourished condition. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:568-575. [PMID: 34979587 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that undernourished conditions disturb female reproductive functions in many species, including humans. These alterations are mainly caused by a reduction in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Evidence from the literature suggests that some hypothalamic factors play pivotal roles in the coordination of reproductive functions and energy homeostasis in response to environmental cues and internal nutritional status. Generally, anorexigenic/satiety-related factors, such as leptin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and proopiomelanocortin, promote GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, such as neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. Conversely, gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone, which exerts anti-GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, promotes feeding behavior in many species. In addition, the activity of kisspeptin, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is reduced by undernourished conditions. Under normal nutritional conditions, these factors are coordinated to maintain both feeding behavior and reproductive functions. However, in undernourished conditions their activity levels are markedly altered to promote feeding behavior and temporarily suppress reproductive functions, in order to prioritize the survival of the individual over that of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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16
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Garrel G, Rouch C, L’Hôte D, Tazi S, Kassis N, Giton F, Dairou J, Dournaud P, Gressens P, Magnan C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Cohen-Tannoudji J. Disruption of Pituitary Gonadotrope Activity in Male Rats After Short- or Long-Term High-Fat Diets Is Not Associated With Pituitary Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877999. [PMID: 35498414 PMCID: PMC9043610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways in metabolically linked organs and an early hypothalamic inflammation is now known to disrupt the central control of metabolic function. Because we demonstrated that fatty acids (FA) target the pituitary and affect gonadotropin synthesis, we asked whether overnutrition induces pituitary inflammation that may contribute to obesity-associated disorders in the control of reproduction. We analyzed pituitary inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in male rats fed a short- (4 weeks) or long-term (20 weeks) high-fat diet. The effect of diet enrichment with the ω3 polyunsaturated FA, DHA, was also analyzed. After only 4 weeks and before weight gain of rats, high-fat diet caused a significant decrease in pituitary gonadotropin and hypothalamic GnRH transcript levels despite unchanged testosterone and inhibin B levels. Contrasting with the hypothalamus, there was no concomitant increases in gene expression of pituitary inflammatory mediators and even a reduction of prototypical cytokines such as interleukin-1β and TNF-α. No inflammation was still detected in the pituitary after 20 weeks although gonadotropin transcripts and circulating levels were still altered. Gonadotropins were the only pituitary hormones remaining affected at this stage of the regimen, underlying a differential susceptibility of pituitary lineages to metabolic disorders. DHA enrichment of the diet did not prevent alterations of gonadotrope activity due to either a long- or a short-term high-fat diet although it blocked early hypothalamic inflammation and attenuated several metabolic effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that high-fat diet-induced defects in gonadotrope activity in male rats occurred despite a lack of pituitary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Garrel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Claude Rouch
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - David L’Hôte
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Salma Tazi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Inserm IMRB U955, Créteil, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | | | - Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Cohen-Tannoudji,
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17
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Wang B, Mechaly AS, Somoza GM. Overview and New Insights Into the Diversity, Evolution, Role, and Regulation of Kisspeptins and Their Receptors in Teleost Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:862614. [PMID: 35392133 PMCID: PMC8982144 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.862614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, kisspeptin (Kiss) has been identified as an important player in the regulation of reproduction and other physiological functions in vertebrates, including several fish species. To date, two ligands (Kiss1, Kiss2) and three kisspeptin receptors (Kissr1, Kissr2, Kissr3) have been identified in teleosts, likely due to whole-genome duplication and loss of genes that occurred early in teleost evolution. Recent results in zebrafish and medaka mutants have challenged the notion that the kisspeptin system is essential for reproduction in fish, in marked contrast to the situation in mammals. In this context, this review focuses on the role of kisspeptins at three levels of the reproductive, brain-pituitary-gonadal (BPG) axis in fish. In addition, this review compiled information on factors controlling the Kiss/Kissr system, such as photoperiod, temperature, nutritional status, sex steroids, neuropeptides, and others. In this article, we summarize the available information on the molecular diversity and evolution, tissue expression and neuroanatomical distribution, functional significance, signaling pathways, and gene regulation of Kiss and Kissr in teleost fishes. Of particular note are recent advances in understanding flatfish kisspeptin systems, which require further study to reveal their structural and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Alejandro S. Mechaly, ; Gustavo M. Somoza,
| | - Alejandro S. Mechaly
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Mar del Plata, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Alejandro S. Mechaly, ; Gustavo M. Somoza,
| | - Gustavo M. Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Alejandro S. Mechaly, ; Gustavo M. Somoza,
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18
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Iwasa T, Minato S, Imaizumi J, Yoshida A, Kawakita T, Yoshida K, Yamamoto Y. Effects of low energy availability on female reproductive function. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12414. [PMID: 34934398 PMCID: PMC8656184 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that metabolic and nutritional disturbances induce reproductive dysfunction in females. The main cause of these alterations is reduced gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus, and the underlying mechanisms have gradually been elucidated. Methods The present review summarizes current knowledge about the effects of nutrition/metabolism on reproductive functions, especially focusing on the GnRH regulation system. Main findings Various central and peripheral factors are involved in the regulation of GnRH secretion, and alterations in their activity combine to affect GnRH neurons. Satiety‐related factors, i.e., leptin, insulin, and alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, directly and indirectly stimulate GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, i.e., neuropeptide Y, Agouti‐related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. In addition, kisspeptin, which is a potent positive regulator of GnRH, expression is reduced by metabolic and nutritional disturbances. Conclusion These neuroendocrine systems may be defensive mechanisms, which help organisms to survive adverse conditions by temporarily suppressing reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
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Ozawa H. Kisspeptin neurons as an integration center of reproductive regulation: Observation of reproductive function based on a new concept of reproductive regulatory nervous system. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12419. [PMID: 34934400 PMCID: PMC8656200 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulation of the reproductive system has been explained by the actions and feedback of gonadotropin releasing hormone‐luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (GnRH‐LH/FSH) ‐sex steroids; however, the discovery of kisspeptin neurons and a kisspeptin‐GnRH‐LH/FSH axis has prompted this regulation to be reviewed. Methods We investigated changes in kisspeptin neurons and associated changes in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis under various situations and experimental conditions using histochemical methods. Main findings (Results) Kisspeptin neurons play an important role in receiving and integrating information from internal and external environmental factors and communicating it to the conventional HPG axis. Conclusion The recently described Kisspeptin‐GnRH‐LH/FSH‐gonad system regulates reproductive function via mechanisms that until recently were not completely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Graduate School of Medicine Nippon Medical School Tokyo Japan
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20
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Ghaderpour S, Ghiasi R, Heydari H, Keyhanmanesh R. The relation between obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and male fertility. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:235-247. [PMID: 34931507 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, obesity and infertility in men increased in parallel, and the association between both phenomena have been examined by several researchers. despite the fact that there is no agreement, obesity appears to affect the reproductive potential of men through various mechanisms, such as changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis, spermatogenesis, sperm quality and/or alteration of sexual health. Leptin is a hormone produced by the adipose tissue, and its production elevates with increasing body fat. Many studies have supported the relationship between raised leptin production and reproductive function regulation. In fact, Leptin acts on the HPT axis in men at all levels. However, most obese men are insensitive to increased production of endogenous leptin and functional leptin resistance development. Recently, it has been recommended that Kisspeptin neurons mediate the leptin's effects on the reproductive system. Kisspeptin binding to its receptor on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, activates the mammal's reproductive axis and stimulates GnRH release. Increasing infertility associated with obesity is probably mediated by the Kisspeptin-GnRH pathway. In this review, the link between obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and male fertility will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghaderpour
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rafighe Ghiasi
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Heydari
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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de Paula DG, Bohlen TM, Zampieri TT, Mansano NS, Vieira HR, Gusmao DO, Wasinski F, Donato J, Frazao R. Distinct effects of growth hormone deficiency and disruption of hypothalamic kisspeptin system on reproduction of male mice. Life Sci 2021; 285:119970. [PMID: 34562435 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is a common cause of late sexual maturation and fertility issues. To determine whether GH-induced effects on reproduction are associated with alterations in hypothalamic kisspeptin system, we studied the male reproduction in two distinct GH deficiency mouse models. In the first model, mice present GH deficiency secondary to arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) lesions induced by posnatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) injections. MSG-induced ARH lesions led to significant reductions in hypothalamic Ghrh mRNA expression and consequently growth. Hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression and Kiss1-expressing cells in the ARH were disrupted in the MSG-treated mice. In contrast, kisspeptin immunoreactivity remained preserved in the anteroventral periventricular and rostral periventricular nuclei (AVPV/PeN) of MSG-treated mice. Importantly, ARH lesions caused late sexual maturation and infertility in male mice. In our second mouse model, we studied animals profound GH deficiency due to a loss-of-function mutation in the Ghrhr gene (Ghrhrlit/lit mice). Interestingly, although Ghrhrlit/lit mice exhibited late puberty onset, hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA expression and hypothalamic kisspeptin fiber density were normal in Ghrhrlit/lit mice. Despite presenting dwarfism, the majority of Ghrhrlit/lit male mice were fertile. These findings suggest that spontaneous GH deficiency during development does not compromise the kisspeptin system. Furthermore, ARH Kiss1-expressing neurons are required for fertility, while AVPV/PeN kisspeptin expression is sufficient to allow maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella G de Paula
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tabata M Bohlen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Tessari Zampieri
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naira S Mansano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique R Vieira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela O Gusmao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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22
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Phumsatitpong C, Wagenmaker ER, Moenter SM. Neuroendocrine interactions of the stress and reproductive axes. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100928. [PMID: 34171353 PMCID: PMC8605987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is controlled by a sequential regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The HPG axis integrates multiple inputs to maintain proper reproductive functions. It has long been demonstrated that stress alters fertility. Nonetheless, the central mechanisms of how stress interacts with the reproductive system are not fully understood. One of the major pathways that is activated during the stress response is the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this review, we discuss several aspects of the interactions between these two neuroendocrine systems to offer insights to mechanisms of how the HPA and HPG axes interact. We have also included discussions of other systems, for example GABA-producing neurons, where they are informative to the overall picture of stress effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayarndorn Phumsatitpong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Wagenmaker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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23
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Fang P, She Y, Zhao J, Yan J, Yu X, Jin Y, Wei Q, Zhang Z, Shang W. Emerging roles of kisspeptin/galanin in age-related metabolic disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111571. [PMID: 34517021 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. There is an unprecedented rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes in recent decades. A convincing majority of brain-gut peptides are associated with a higher risk to develop metabolic disorders, and may contribute to the pathophysiology of age-related metabolic diseases. Accumulating basic studies revealed an intriguing role of kisspeptin and galanin involved in the amelioration of insulin resistance in different ways. In patients suffered from obesity and diabetes a significant, sex-related changes in the plasma kisspeptin and galanin levels occurred. Kisspeptin is anorexigenic to prevent obesity, its level is negatively correlative with obesity and insulin resistance. While galanin is appetitive to stimulate food intake and body weight, its level is positively correlative with obesity, HOMA-IR and glucose/triglyceride concentration. In turn, kisspeptin and galanin also distinctly increase glucose uptake and utilization as well as energy expenditure. This article reviews recent evidence dealing with the role of kisspeptin and galanin in the pathophysiology of age-related metabolic diseases. It should be therefore taken into account that the targeted modulation of those peptidergic signaling may be potentially helpful in the future treatment of age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xizhong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qingbo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Minister of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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24
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Leon S, Talbi R, McCarthy EA, Ferrari K, Fergani C, Naule L, Choi JH, Carroll RS, Kaiser UB, Aylwin CF, Lomniczi A, Navarro VM. Sex-specific pubertal and metabolic regulation of Kiss1 neurons via Nhlh2. eLife 2021; 10:e69765. [PMID: 34494548 PMCID: PMC8439651 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons control gonadotropin-releasing hormone release through the secretion of kisspeptin. Kiss1 neurons serve as a nodal center that conveys essential regulatory cues for the attainment and maintenance of reproductive function. Despite this critical role, the mechanisms that control kisspeptin synthesis and release remain largely unknown. Using Drop-Seq data from the arcuate nucleus of adult mice and in situ hybridization, we identified Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix 2 (Nhlh2), a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix family, to be enriched in Kiss1 neurons. JASPAR analysis revealed several binding sites for NHLH2 in the Kiss1 and Tac2 (neurokinin B) 5' regulatory regions. In vitro luciferase assays evidenced a robust stimulatory action of NHLH2 on human KISS1 and TAC3 promoters. The recruitment of NHLH2 to the KISS1 and TAC3 promoters was further confirmed through chromatin immunoprecipitation. In vivo conditional ablation of Nhlh2 from Kiss1 neurons using Kiss1Cre:Nhlh2fl/fl mice induced a male-specific delay in puberty onset, in line with a decrease in arcuate Kiss1 expression. Females retained normal reproductive function albeit with irregular estrous cycles. Further analysis of male Kiss1Cre:Nhlh2fl/fl mice revealed higher susceptibility to metabolic challenges in the release of luteinizing hormone and impaired response to leptin. Overall, in Kiss1 neurons, Nhlh2 contributes to the metabolic regulation of kisspeptin and NKB synthesis and release, with implications for the timing of puberty onset and regulation of fertility in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Leon
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Rajae Talbi
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Elizabeth A McCarthy
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Kaitlin Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Chrysanthi Fergani
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Lydie Naule
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Ji Hae Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Rona S Carroll
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Carlos F Aylwin
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research CenterBeavertonUnited States
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research CenterBeavertonUnited States
| | - Víctor M Navarro
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Program in NeuroscienceBostonUnited States
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25
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Azizi V, Oryan S, Khazali H, Hosseini A. Central injection of neuropeptide Y modulates sexual behavior in male rats: interaction with GnRH and kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin. Int J Neurosci 2021; 131:780-788. [PMID: 32303141 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1758085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A number of studies have shown that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is considered to be one of the key regulators of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in the mammals. In addition, kisspeptin (encode by Kiss1 gene), neurokinin B (encode by Tac3 gene) and dynorphin (encode by Pdyn gene) (commonly known as KNDy secreting neurons) are a powerful upstream regulators of GnRH neuron in hypothalamus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study aims to investigate the effects of the intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of NPY and BIBP3226 (NPY receptor antagonist (NPYRA)) on the male sexual behavioral. Additionally, in order to see whether NPY signals can be relayed through the pathway of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin, the gene expression of these peptides along with Gnrh1 gene in the hypothalamus were measured. RESULTS The icv injection of NPY decreased the latencies and increase the frequencies of sexual parameters of the male rats in a significant way. In this line, NPYRA antagonized the stimulative effects of NPY. Moreover, data from real-time quantitative PCR indicated that injection of NPY significantly increased the gene expression of Gnrh1, Kiss1 and Tac3 and decrease the Pdyn while treatment with NPYRA controlled the modulative effects of NPY on these gene expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion based on the results of this study, NPY can exert its impacts on the sexual behavior of male rats via modulation of the KNDy secreting neurons as an interneural pathway to GnRH neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Azizi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayuon Khazali
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Early Postnatal Genistein Administration Affects Mice Metabolism and Reproduction in a Sexually Dimorphic Way. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070449. [PMID: 34357343 PMCID: PMC8303179 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) may interfere with permanent morphological changes in the brain circuits sensitive to estrogen. Due to the frequent use of soy milk in the neonatal diet, we aimed to study the effects of early GEN exposure on some physiological and reproductive parameters. Mice of both sexes from PND1 to PND8 were treated with GEN (50 mg/kg body weight, comparable to the exposure level in babies fed with soy-based formulas). When adult, we observed, in GEN-treated females, an advanced pubertal onset and an altered estrous cycle, and, in males, a decrease of testicle weight and fecal testosterone concentration. Furthermore, we observed an increase in body weight and altered plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, triiodothyronine) limited to adult females. Exposure to GEN significantly altered kisspeptin and POMC immunoreactivity only in females and orexin immunoreactivity in both sexes. In conclusion, early postnatal exposure of mice to GEN determines long-term sex-specific organizational effects. It impairs the reproductive system and has an obesogenic effect only in females, which is probably due to the alterations of neuroendocrine circuits controlling metabolism; thus GEN, should be classified as a metabolism disrupting chemical.
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27
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Effect of Fishmeal Content in the Diet on the Growth and Sexual Maturation of Olive Flounder ( Paralichthysolivaceus) at a Typical Fish Farm. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072055. [PMID: 34359181 PMCID: PMC8300409 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing demand for an efficient and economic fishmeal feed for sustainable aquaculture has urged the aquafeed sector to seek an optimum fish-feed formulation. This study investigated the physiological response in olive flounder fed various fishmeal diets in a typical fish farm. The fish were farmed for 20 weeks, using the following experimental feeds: a control feed (CON), a replacement by 20% (F20), and 30% (F30) of the fish meal content of the CON. All groups showed no significant difference in growth and survival rates. However, due to investigating hormone expression associated with maturation, high expression of PSS-I and low expression of FSH-β, ER-α, and ER-β in FM30 compared to other experimental groups were observed. Therefore, up to 30% fishmeal replacement does not affect growth, but it appears to have a slight effect on the sexual development of olive flounder. Abstract Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a commercially important and valuable species for aquaculture in Korea. Due to the unstable supply of fishmeal for farmed fish, an optimum fish-feed formulation should be researched to ensure the sustainability of P. olivaceus aquaculture. This study investigated the effect of three experimental diets: Con (basal diet); FM20 (20% fishmeal replacement of CON); and FM30 (30% fishmeal replacement of CON) on P. olivaceus over 20 weeks at a typical farm by monitoring the growth and factors relating to sexual maturation. The results showed that no differences in growth were observed between the CON and diet-replacement groups. Gonadal oocyte development was similar between the CON and diet-replacement groups. Moreover, sbGnRH and GH expression did not differ between the CON and diet-replacement groups. The levels of Erβ and Vtg expression were significantly higher in the FM20 group than in the CON and FM30 groups after the experimental period. The expression of PSS-I was significantly higher in the FM30 group than in the CON and FM20 groups. Therefore, although growth occurred when 30% of the fishmeal was replaced, such high dietary protein replacement may be ill-advised during the maturation of olive flounder at the commercial fish farm.
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28
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Constantin S, Pizano K, Matson K, Shan Y, Reynolds D, Wray S. An Inhibitory Circuit From Brainstem to GnRH Neurons in Male Mice: A New Role for the RFRP Receptor. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6132086. [PMID: 33564881 PMCID: PMC8016070 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs, mammalian orthologs of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone) convey circadian, seasonal, and social cues to the reproductive system. They regulate gonadotropin secretion by modulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons via the RFRP receptor. Mice lacking this receptor are fertile but exhibit abnormal gonadotropin responses during metabolic challenges, such as acute fasting, when the normal drop in gonadotropin levels is delayed. Although it is known that these food intake signals to the reproductive circuit originate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem, the phenotype of the neurons conveying the signal remains unknown. Given that neuropeptide FF (NPFF), another RFamide peptide, resides in the NTS and can bind to the RFRP receptor, we hypothesized that NPFF may regulate GnRH neurons. To address this question, we used a combination of techniques: cell-attached electrophysiology on GnRH-driven green fluorescent protein-tagged neurons in acute brain slices; calcium imaging on cultured GnRH neurons; and immunostaining on adult brain tissue. We found (1) NPFF inhibits GnRH neuron excitability via the RFRP receptor and its canonical signaling pathway (Gi/o protein and G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels), (2) NPFF-like fibers in the vicinity of GnRH neurons coexpress neuropeptide Y, (3) the majority of NPFF-like cell bodies in the NTS also coexpress neuropeptide Y, and (4) acute fasting increased NPFF-like immunoreactivity in the NTS. Together these data indicate that NPFF neurons within the NTS inhibit GnRH neurons, and thus reproduction, during fasting but prior to the energy deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Constantin
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Katherine Pizano
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Kaya Matson
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Yufei Shan
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Daniel Reynolds
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
| | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3703, USA
- Correspondence: Dr. Susan Wray, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive MSC 3703, Building 35, Room 3A1012, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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29
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Oviedo-Ojeda MF, Roque-Jiménez JA, Whalin M, Lee-Rangel HA, Relling AE. Effect of supplementation with different fatty acid profile to the dam in early gestation and to the offspring on the finishing diet on offspring growth and hypothalamus mRNA expression in sheep. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6153448. [PMID: 33640974 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids (FA) during late gestation regulates offspring development; however, their effect in the first third of gestation is unknown in sheep. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the maternal supplementation with an enriched source of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) or an enriched source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during the first third of gestation on productive performance on ewes and offspring, and hypothalamic neuropeptides on offspring. Seventy-nine post-weaning lambs, born of sheep supplemented in the first third of gestation with 1.61% Ca salts rich with MUFA or EPA+DHA (dam supplementation, DS), were distributed in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments to finishing diets containing 1.48% of Ca salts of MUFA or EPA+DHA (lamb supplementation, LS). The finishing period of the offspring lasted for 56 d. During the finishing period dry matter intake (DMI, daily) and body weight (BW) were recorded. Plasma was collected for metabolites analysis. Twenty-four lambs were slaughtered, and hypothalamus was collected for mRNA expression of hormone receptors, neuropeptides, and lipid transport genes. The data were analyzed with a mixed model in SAS (9.4) using repeated measurements, when needed. There was a DS×LS interaction for BW (P = 0.10) where LS with EPA+DHA born from DS with MUFA were heavier than the other 3 treatments. Lambs born from DS with MUFA have a greater DMI (P < 0.01) than the offspring born from DS with EPA+DHA. Lambs born from MUFA supplemented dams had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) hypothalamus mRNA expression for cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, growth hormone receptor, metastasis suppressor 1, leptin receptor, pro-opiomelanocortin, and Neuropeptide Y. These results indicate that growth depends not on the type of FA during the finishing phase but the interaction of different sources of FA ad different stages. Also, supplementation with FA during early pregnancy changes productive performance and neuropeptides' mRNA expression of lambs independently of the finishing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Francisco Oviedo-Ojeda
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster, OH 44691, USA.,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, San Luis Potosí 78175, México
| | - José Alejandro Roque-Jiménez
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster, OH 44691, USA.,Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, San Luis Potosí 78175, México
| | - Megan Whalin
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Héctor Aarón Lee-Rangel
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, San Luis Potosí 78175, México
| | - Alejandro Enrique Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Moustafa A. Hindlimb unloading-induced reproductive suppression via Downregulation of hypothalamic Kiss-1 expression in adult male rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:37. [PMID: 33663539 PMCID: PMC7931529 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spaceflights-induced microgravity can alter various physiological processes in human's body including the functional status of the reproductive system. Rodent model of tail-suspension hindlimb unloading is extensively used to stimulate the organs responses to the microgravity condition. This study explores the potential effects of hindlimb unloading on testicular functions and spermatogenesis in adult male rats and the underlying mechanism/s. METHODS Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were allotted into two groups: normally loaded group (control; all arms were in touch with the grid floor) and hindlimb unloaded group (HU; only the forearms were in contact with the grid floor). RESULTS Following 30 days of exposure, the HU group saw a decline in body weight, testicular and epidydimal weights, and all semen parameters. The circulating concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone significantly decreased, while levels of kisspeptin, corticosterone, inhibin, prolactin and estradiol (E2) increased in the HU group. Intratesticular levels of 5α-reductase enzyme and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were suppressed, while the levels of aromatase and kisspeptin were significantly elevated in the HU group. Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss1) mRNA expression levels were downregulated while its receptors (Kiss1R) were upregulated in the HU group. On the contrary, the mRNA expression levels of testicular Kiss1 were upregulated while Kiss1R were downregulated. The pituitary mRNA expression levels of FSHβ and LHβ decreased in the HU group. The levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were elevated while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations declined in the testes of HU group. The testes of the HU rats showed positive immunostaining of caspase-3, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bcl2. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results revealed an inhibitory effect of hindlimb unloading on kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis with impaired spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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31
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Smith KB, Murray E, Chandrasegaram R, Liang J, Mallet JF, Matar C, Blaustein JD, Ismail N. Pubertal immune challenge suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male and female mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:90-97. [PMID: 33571552 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide responsible for propagating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and initiating puberty. Pubertal exposure to an immune challenge causes enduring sexual behavior dysfunction in males and females, but the mechanism underlying this stress-induced sexual dysfunction remains unknown. Previous findings show that stress exposure can downregulate the HPG axis in adult females. However, it is unclear whether stress induced HPG axis suppression is limited to adult females or also extends to males and to pubertal animal models. The current study was designed to investigate the sex-specific consequences of a pubertal immune challenge on specific components of the HPG axis. Six-week old pubertal male and female mice were treated with saline or with lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial endotoxin. Expression of hypothalamic Kiss1 and Kiss1R as well as serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and growth hormone were examined. Pubertal lipopolysaccharide treatment decreased hypothalamic Kiss1, but not Kiss1R, expression in both males and females. Furthermore, only males showed decreases in circulating luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. These results show that pubertal immune challenge suppresses the HPG axis by inhibiting Kiss1 production and decreasing serum gonadotropin concentrations in pubertal males, but points to a different mechanism in pubertal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Smith
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Emma Murray
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Rajini Chandrasegaram
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jacky Liang
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Mallet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Chantal Matar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Blaustein
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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32
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RNAi-based screens uncover a potential new role for the orphan neuropeptide receptor Moody in Drosophila female germline stem cell maintenance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243756. [PMID: 33307547 PMCID: PMC7732368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is highly sensitive to changes in physiology and the external environment. Neuropeptides are evolutionarily conserved signaling molecules that regulate multiple physiological processes. However, the potential reproductive roles of many neuropeptide signaling pathways remain underexplored. Here, we describe the results of RNAi-based screens in Drosophila melanogaster to identify neuropeptides/neuropeptide receptors with potential roles in oogenesis. The screen read-outs were either the number of eggs laid per female per day over time or fluorescence microscopy analysis of dissected ovaries. We found that the orphan neuropeptide receptor encoded by moody (homologous to mammalian melatonin receptors) is likely required in somatic cells for normal egg production and proper germline stem cell maintenance. However, the egg laying screens had low signal-to-noise ratio and did not lead to the identification of additional candidates. Thus, although egg count assays might be useful for large-scale screens to identify oogenesis regulators that result in dramatic changes in oogenesis, more labor-intensive microscopy-based screen are better applicable for identifying new physiological regulators of oogenesis with more subtle phenotypes.
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Azizi V, Oryan S, Khazali H. The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y on reproductive axis function in the male Wistar rats: Involvement of hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2020; 11:249-256. [PMID: 33133462 PMCID: PMC7597799 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.97340.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is considered to be one of the key regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the mammals. Also, kisspeptin is a powerful upstream regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPY and BIBP3226 (NPY receptor antagonist) on the reproductive axis (either hormonal or behavioral) of the male rats. Furthermore, to see whether NPY signals can be relayed through the pathway of KiSS1/GPR54, the gene expression of these peptides in the arcuate nucleus was measured. The ICV injection of NPY decreased the latencies and increased the frequencies of sexual parameters of the male rats in a significant way. Results obtained from LH and testosterone measurement showed that NPY had a significant increase in comparison with the control group. In this line, BIBP3226 antagonized the stimulative effects of NPY. Furthermore, data from real-time quantitative PCR showed that injection of NPY significantly increased the gene expression of KiSS1 and GPR54, while treatment with BIBP3226 controlled the stimulative effects of NPY on gene expression of KiSS1 and GPR54. Summing up, NPY can exert its impacts on the reproductive axis, this occurs at least partly through affecting KiSS1/GPR54 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Azizi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayuon Khazali
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Ziarniak K, Kołodziejski PA, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Dudek M, Kalló I, Sliwowska JH. Effects of Ovariectomy and Sex Hormone Replacement on Numbers of Kisspeptin-, Neurokinin B- and Dynorphin A-immunoreactive Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Obese and Diabetic Rats. Neuroscience 2020; 451:184-196. [PMID: 33065232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
KNDy neurons co-expressing kisspeptin (KP), neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin A (DYN A) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) are key regulators of reproduction. Their activity is influenced by metabolic and hormonal signals. Previously, we have shown that orchidectomy alters the KP-, NKB-, and DYN A-immunoreactivity in the high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obesity and diabetes type 2 (DM2) models. Considering the potential sex difference in the response of KNDy neurons, we have hypothesized that ovariectomy (OVX) and post-ovariectomy replacement with estradiol (OVX+E2) or estradiol and progesterone (OVX+E2+P4) will also affect these neurons in HFD and DM2 females. Thus, each of these treatment protocols were employed for control, HFD, and DM2 groups of rats leading to nine experimental conditions within which we have determined the number of KP-, NKB-, or DYN-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons and assessed the metabolic and hormonal profiles of the animals. Accordingly: (1) no effects of group and surgery were observed on the number of KP-ir neurons; (2) the overall number of NKB-ir neurons was higher in the OVX+E2+P4 and OVX+E2 animals compared to OVX; (3) overall, the number of DYN A-ir neurons was higher in DM2 vs. control group, and surgery had an effect on the number of DYN A-ir neurons; (4) the metabolic and hormonal profiles were altered in HFD and DM2 animals compared to controls. Current data together with our previously published results indicate sex-specific differences in the response of KNDy neurons to DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paweł A Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Monika Dudek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Imre Kalló
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Szigony u. 43, Hungary.
| | - Joanna H Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
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35
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Patel R, Smith JT. Novel actions of kisspeptin signaling outside of GnRH-mediated fertility: a potential role in energy balance. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 73:106467. [PMID: 32278499 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1 gene expressing neurons in the hypothalamus, is a requisite for fertility and now appears critical in the regulation of energy balance. Kisspeptin neurons, particularly those in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), receive information directly and indirectly from a diverse array of brain regions including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, interpeduncular nucleus, hippocampus, and cortex. On the other hand, kisspeptin neuron projections clearly extend to GnRH neuron cell bodies in rodents, sheep, and primates and beyond to other-non-GnRH-brain areas. Kiss1r, the kisspeptin receptor, is expressed on GnRH neurons and also in additional brain areas and peripheral tissues, indicating a nonreproductive role. Kisspeptin neurons clearly receive signals pertinent to deviations in energy balance but are now recognized as a novel neuroendocrine player in the fine balance of energy intake and expenditure. Mice that have a dysfunctional gene for Kiss1r develop an obese and diabetic phenotype. The mechanism behind this altered metabolic state is still mostly unknown; however, Kiss1r expression in the pancreas and brown adipose tissue is clearly functional and required for normal glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, respectively. Kisspeptin neurons in the ARC also participate in the generation of circadian rhythms, specifically those concerning food intake and metabolism, offering a potential explanation for the obesity in Kiss1r knockout mice. Overall, the discoveries of new mechanistic roles for kisspeptin in both normal and pathophysiologic states of energy balance may lead to further understating of obesity prevalence and novel therapeutic targets and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- School of Human Sciences, M309, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6009
| | - J T Smith
- School of Human Sciences, M309, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6009.
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36
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Beato S, Toledo-Solís FJ, Fernández I. Vitamin K in Vertebrates' Reproduction: Further Puzzling Pieces of Evidence from Teleost Fish Species. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1303. [PMID: 32917043 PMCID: PMC7564532 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) is a fat-soluble vitamin that vertebrates have to acquire from the diet, since they are not able to de novo synthesize it. VK has been historically known to be required for the control of blood coagulation, and more recently, bone development and homeostasis. Our understanding of the VK metabolism and the VK-related molecular pathways has been also increased, and the two main VK-related pathways-the pregnane X receptor (PXR) transactivation and the co-factor role on the γ-glutamyl carboxylation of the VK dependent proteins-have been thoroughly investigated during the last decades. Although several studies evidenced how VK may have a broader VK biological function than previously thought, including the reproduction, little is known about the specific molecular pathways. In vertebrates, sex differentiation and gametogenesis are tightly regulated processes through a highly complex molecular, cellular and tissue crosstalk. Here, VK metabolism and related pathways, as well as how gametogenesis might be impacted by VK nutritional status, will be reviewed. Critical knowledge gaps and future perspectives on how the different VK-related pathways come into play on vertebrate's reproduction will be identified and proposed. The present review will pave the research progress to warrant a successful reproductive status through VK nutritional interventions as well as towards the establishment of reliable biomarkers for determining proper nutritional VK status in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Beato
- Campus de Vegazana, s/n, Universidad de León (ULE), 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Toledo-Solís
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, México), Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, C.P. 03940 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Center for Aquaculture Research, Agrarian Technological Institute of Castile and Leon, Ctra. Arévalo, s/n, 40196 Zamarramala, Segovia, Spain
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37
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Dong TS, Vu JP, Oh S, Sanford D, Pisegna JR, Germano P. Intraperitoneal Treatment of Kisspeptin Suppresses Appetite and Energy Expenditure and Alters Gastrointestinal Hormones in Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2254-2263. [PMID: 31729619 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that plays an integral role in the regulation of energy intake and reproduction by acting centrally on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Our current study explores for the first time the effects of a pharmacological treatment of intraperitoneal kisspeptin-10 on murine feeding behavior, respirometry parameters, energy balance, and metabolic hormones. METHODS Two groups (n = 16) of age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 wild-type adult mice were individually housed in metabolic cages and intraperitoneally injected with either kisspeptin-10 (2 nmol in 200 µl of saline) (10 µM) or vehicle before the beginning of a dark-phase cycle. Microstructure of feeding and drinking behavior, respirometry gases, respiratory quotient (RQ), total energy expenditure (TEE), metabolic hormones, oral glucose tolerance, and lipid profiles were measured. RESULTS Intraperitoneal treatment with kisspeptin-10 caused a significant reduction in food intake, meal frequency, meal size, and eating rate. Kisspeptin-10 significantly decreased TEE during both the dark and light phase cycles, while also increasing the RQ during the dark-phase cycle. In addition, mice injected with kisspeptin-10 had significantly higher plasma levels of insulin (343.8 pg/ml vs. 106.4 pg/ml; p = 0.005), leptin (855.5 pg/ml vs. 173.1 pg/ml; p = 0.02), resistin (9411.1 pg/ml vs. 4116.5 pg/ml; p = 0.001), and HDL (147.6 mg/dl vs 97.1 mg/dl; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION A pharmacological dose of kisspeptin-10 significantly altered metabolism by suppressing food intake, meal size, eating rate, and TEE while increasing the RQ. These changes were linked to increased levels of insulin, leptin, resistin, and HDL. The current results suggest that a peripheral kisspeptin treatment could alter metabolism and energy homeostasis by suppressing appetite, food intake, and fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien S Dong
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John P Vu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,AbbVie, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Suwan Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Sanford
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Pisegna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrizia Germano
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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38
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Kisspeptin-52 partially rescues the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in underweight male rats dosed with an anti-obesity compound. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115152. [PMID: 32726590 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism and reproduction are closely linked and reciprocally regulated. The detrimental effect of underweight on reproduction complicates the safety evaluation of anti-obesity drugs, making it challenging to distinguish pathological changes mediated through the intended drug-induced weight loss from direct drug effects on reproductive organs. Four-weeks dosing of normal weight Sprague Dawley rats with a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)/glucagon receptor co-agonist induced a robust weight loss, accompanied by histological findings in prostate, seminal vesicles, mammary glands, uterus/cervix and vagina. Characterization of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in male rats revealed reduced hypothalamic Kiss1 mRNA levels and decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations following co-agonist dosing. These alterations resemble hypogonadotropic hypogonadism typically seen in adverse energy deprived conditions, like chronic food restriction. Concomitant daily administration of kisspeptin-52 from day 21 to the end of the four-week co-agonist dosing period evoked LH and testosterone responses without normalizing histological findings. This incomplete rescue by kisspeptin-52 may be due to the rather short kisspeptin-52 treatment period combined with a desensitization observed on testosterone responses. Concomitant leptin treatment from day 21 did not reverse co-agonist induced changes in HPG axis activity. Furthermore, a single co-agonist injection in male rats slightly elevated LH levels but left testosterone unperturbed, thereby excluding a direct acute inhibitory effect on the HPG axis. Our data suggest that the reproductive phenotype after repeated co-agonist administration was driven by the intended weight loss, however, we cannot exclude a direct organ related effect in chronically treated rats.
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Pool KR, Rickard JP, de Graaf SP. Overcoming neuroendocrine and metabolic barriers to puberty: the role of melatonin in advancing puberty in ewe lambs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106457. [PMID: 32361422 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pubertal onset in the ewe is subject to a multitude of physiological and environmental constraints. As seasonal breeders, sheep rely on decreasing photoperiod to enter puberty and the subsequent breeding periods, hindering production. The initiation of puberty defines the reproductive yield of the ewe, and as such is a critical factor influencing production outcomes. Currently, the misconception that ovine puberty is reliant on age results in ewes being bred at over a year old, leading to a substantial unproductive period between birth and first conception. As such, transcending pubertal barriers to allow for earlier initiation of reproductive competency has significant commercial merit. The primary candidate to achieve this is the neurohormone melatonin, a key factor that naturally signals photoperiodic change that facilitates seasonal remodeling of the ovine hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. Despite being known to modulate reproductive seasonality in both the mature ewe and ram, the ability of melatonin to advance ewe puberty remains underutilized in industry. To optimize melatonin application and shape perceptions of breeding ewe lambs, a greater understanding of pubertal impediments and the natural role of melatonin is warranted. This review examines the physiological role and applications of melatonin to advance ewe puberty, and how this may act in conjunction with other physiological and metabolic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Pool
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - J P Rickard
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S P de Graaf
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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40
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Parker CG, Cheung E. Metabolic control of teleost reproduction by leptin and its complements: Understanding current insights from mammals. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 292:113467. [PMID: 32201232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction is expensive. Hence, reproductive physiology is sensitive to an array of endogenous signals that provide information on metabolic and nutritional sufficiency. Although metabolic gating of reproductive function in mammals, as evidenced by studies demonstrating delayed puberty and perturbed fertility, has long been understood to be a function of energy sufficiency, an understanding of the endocrine regulators of this relationship have emerged only within recent decades. Peripheral signals including leptin and cortisol have long been implicated in the physiological integration of metabolism and reproduction. Recent studies have begun to explore possible roles for these two hormones in the regulation of reproduction in teleost fishes, as well as a role for leptin as a catabolic stress hormone. In this review, we briefly explore the reproductive actions of leptin and cortisol in mammals and teleost fishes and possible role of both hormones as putative modulators of the reproductive axis during stress events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coltan G Parker
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eugene Cheung
- Department of Biological Sciences, David Clark Labs, 100 Brooks Avenue, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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41
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Talbi R, Navarro VM. Novel insights into the metabolic action of Kiss1 neurons. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:R124-R133. [PMID: 32348961 PMCID: PMC7274555 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Kiss1 neurons are essential regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by regulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Compelling evidence suggests that Kiss1 neurons of the arcuate nucleus (Kiss1ARC), recently identified as the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator driving fertility, also participate in the regulation of metabolism through kisspeptinergic and glutamatergic interactions with, at least, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, located in close apposition with Kiss1ARC. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments, mainly derived from animal models, on the role of Kiss1 neurons in the regulation of energy balance, including food intake, energy expenditure and the influence of circadian rhythms on this role. Furthermore, the possible neuroendocrine pathways underlying this effect, and the existing controversies related to the anorexigenic action of kisspeptin in the different experimental models, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajae Talbi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor M Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to V M Navarro:
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Dudek M, Ziarniak K, Cateau ML, Dufourny L, Sliwowska JH. Diabetes Type 2 and Kisspeptin: Central and Peripheral Sex-Specific Actions. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:833-843. [PMID: 31699240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP) plays a major role in the regulation of reproduction governed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, recent findings suggest that the KP system is present not only centrally (at the level of the hypothalamus), but also in the peripheral organs crucial for the control of metabolism. The KP system is sexually differentiated in the hypothalamus, and it is of particular interest to study whether sex-specific responses to type 2 diabetes (DM2) exist centrally and peripherally. As collection of data is limited in humans, animal models of DM2 are useful to understand crosstalk between metabolism and reproduction. Sex-specific variations in the KP system reported in animals suggest a need for the development of gender specific therapeutic strategies to treat DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dudek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamil Ziarniak
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marie-Line Cateau
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-IFCE, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Laurence Dufourny
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-IFCE, Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joanna Helena Sliwowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan, Poland.
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Wang D, Li N, Tian L, Ren F, Li Z, Chen Y, Liu L, Hu X, Zhang X, Song Y, Hut RA, Liu XH. Dynamic expressions of hypothalamic genes regulate seasonal breeding in a natural rodent population. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3508-3522. [PMID: 31233652 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal breeding is a universal reproductive strategy in many animals. Hypothalamic genes, especially type 2 and 3 iodothyronine deiodinases (Dio2/3), RFamide-related peptide 3 (Rfrp-3), kisspeptin (Kiss-1) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), are involved in a photoperiodic pathway that encodes seasonal signals from day length in many vertebrate species. However, the seasonal expression patterns of these genes in wild mammals are less studied. Here, we present a four-year field investigation to reveal seasonal rhythm and age-dependent reproductive activity in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and to detect relationships among seasonal expression profiles of hypothalamic genes, testicular activity, age and annual day length. From breeding season (April) to nonbreeding season (October), adult male voles displayed a synchronous peak in gonadal activity with annual day length around summer solstice, which was jointly caused by age structure shifts and age-dependent gonadal development patterns. Overwintered males maintained reproductive activity until late in the breeding season, whereas most newborn males terminated gonadal development completely, except for a minority of males born early in spring. Consistently, the synchronous and opposite expression profiles of Dio2/3 suggest their central function to decode photoperiodic signals and to predict the onset of the nonbreeding season. Moreover, changes in Dio2/3 signals may guide the actions of Kiss-1 and Rfrp-3 to regulate the age-dependent divergence of reproductive strategy in wild Brandt's vole. Our results provide evidence on how hypothalamic photoperiod genes regulate seasonal breeding in a natural rodent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangfa Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lei Z, Bai X, Ma J, Yu Q. Kisspeptin‑13 inhibits bleomycin‑induced pulmonary fibrosis through GPR54 in mice. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1049-1056. [PMID: 31173221 PMCID: PMC6625411 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP) is an amidated neurohormone that is encoded by the KiSS-1 metastasis suppressor (KISS1) gene and serves as the endogenous ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54). KP is involved in the regulation of several biological functions, such as reproduction, cancer and atherogenesis. Recent data suggested that KP may induce atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability, which may be reversed by the GPR54 antagonist KP-234. Despite the KISS1 gene being previously reported as a downstream target of the classic transforming growth factor (TGF)/Smad2 signaling pathway, its role in fibrosis remains elusive. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of KP-13 (a product of the KISS1 gene) in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model. Lung tissue samples were evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis, western blotting and ELISA. Daily intraperitoneal administration of KP-13 significantly ameliorated body weight loss, histopathological lung abnormalities and pulmonary collagen deposition induced by BLM. Furthermore, KP-13 downregulated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, TGF-β, collagen type I α1, actin α2 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in BLM-treated lungs compared with BLM group. Notably, the production of α-smooth muscle actin in lung tissues, as well as the pulmonary levels of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated-Smad2/3, was reduced following treatment with KP-13. The anti-fibrotic effects of KP-13 were reversed by KP-234 (an antagonist of GPR54), but not by Cetrorelix (an antagonist of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor). Furthermore, apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and caspase-3, were decreased, whereas Bcl-2 was markedly increased as determined by western blotting. Collectively, these data suggested that the KP/GPR54 signaling pathway may be a promising target for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Lei
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiu Ma
- Medical College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Majarune S, Nima P, Sugimoto A, Nagae M, Inoue N, Tsukamura H, Uenoyama Y. Ad libitum feeding triggers puberty onset associated with increases in arcuate Kiss1 and Pdyn expression in growth-retarded rats. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:397-406. [PMID: 31155522 PMCID: PMC6815743 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that puberty onset is largely dependent on body weight rather than chronological age. To investigate the mechanism involved in the energetic control of puberty
onset, the present study examined effects of chronic food restriction during the prepubertal period and the resumption of ad libitum feeding for 24 and 48 h on estrous
cyclicity, Kiss1 (kisspeptin gene), Tac3 (neurokinin B gene) and Pdyn (dynorphin A gene) expression in the hypothalamus, luteinizing
hormone (LH) secretion and follicular development in female rats. When animals weighed 75 g, they were subjected to a restricted feeding to retard growth to 70–80 g by 49 days of age. Then,
animals were subjected to ad libitum feeding or remained food-restricted. The growth-retarded rats did not show puberty onset associated with suppression of both
Kiss1 and Pdyn expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). 24-h ad libitum feeding increased tonic LH secretion and the number of Graafian
and non-Graafian tertiary follicles with an increase in the numbers of ARC Kiss1- and Pdyn-expressing cells. 48-h ad libitum feeding
induced the vaginal proestrus and a surge-like LH increase with an increase in Kiss1-expressing cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). These results
suggest that the negative energy balance causes pubertal failure with suppression of ARC Kiss1 and Pdyn expression and then subsequent gonadotropin
secretion and ovarian function, while the positive energetic cues trigger puberty onset via an increase in ARC Kiss1 and Pdyn expression and thus
gonadotropin secretion and follicular development in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutisa Majarune
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Pelden Nima
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Arisa Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nagae
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Das K, Ogawa S, Kitahashi T, Parhar IS. Expression of neuropeptide Y and gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene types in the brain of female Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during mouthbrooding and food restriction. Peptides 2019; 112:67-77. [PMID: 30389346 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A cichlid fish, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), is a maternal mouthbrooder, which exhibits minimum energy expenditure and slower ovarian cycles during mouthbrooding. The objective of this study was to observe changes in the gene expression of key neuropeptides involved in the control of appetite and reproduction, including neuropeptide Y a (NPYa), reproductive neuropeptides: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1, GnRH2 and GnRH3) and kisspeptin (Kiss2) during mouthbrooding (4- and 12-days), 12-days of food restriction and 12-days of food restriction followed by refeeding. The food restriction regime showed a significant increase in npya mRNA levels in the telencephalon. However, there were no significant alterations in npya mRNA levels during mouthbrooding. gnrh1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in mouthbrooding female as compared with females with food restriction. gnrh3 mRNA levels were also significantly lower in female with 12-days of mouthbrooding, 12-days of food restriction followed by 12-days of refeeding when compared with controls. There were no significant differences in gnrh2 and kiss2 mRNA levels between groups under different feeding regimes. No significant changes were observed in mRNA levels of receptors for peripheral metabolic signaling molecules: ghrelin (GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b) and leptin (Lep-R). These results suggested that unaffected npya mRNA levels in the telencephalon might contribute to suppression of appetite in mouthbrooding female tilapia. Furthermore, lower gnrh1 and gnrh3 mRNA levels may influence the suppression of reproductive functions such as progression of ovarian cycle and reproductive behaviours, while GnRH2 and Kiss2 may not play a significant roles in reproduction under food restriction condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Das
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Takashi Kitahashi
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Uenoyama Y, Inoue N, Nakamura S, Tsukamura H. Central Mechanism Controlling Pubertal Onset in Mammals: A Triggering Role of Kisspeptin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 31164866 PMCID: PMC6536648 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pubertal onset is thought to be timed by an increase in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropin secretion in mammals. The underlying mechanism of pubertal onset in mammals is still an open question. Evidence accumulated in the last 15 years suggests that kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus play a key role in pubertal onset by triggering pulsatile GnRH/gonadotropin secretin in mammals. Specifically, KNDy neurons are now considered a part of GnRH pulse generator, in which neurokinin B facilitates and dynorphin A inhibits, the synchronized discharge of KNDy neurons in autocrine and/or paracrine manners. Kisspeptin serves as a potent secretagogue of GnRH secretion and thus its release is fundamental to pubertal increase in GnRH/gonadotropin secretion in mammals. Proposed mechanisms inhibiting Kiss1 (kisspeptin gene) expression during childhood to juvenile varies from species to species: we envisage that negative feedback action of estrogen plays a key role in the inhibition of Kiss1 expression in KNDy neurons in rodents and sheep, whereas estrogen-independent inhibition of kisspeptin secretion by γ-amino butyric acid or neuropeptide Y are suggested to be responsible for the pre-pubertal suppression of GnRH/gonadotropin secretion in primates. Taken together, the timing of pubertal onset is postulated to be controlled by upstream regulators for kisspeptin biosynthesis and secretion in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoshihisa Uenoyama
| | - Naoko Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sho Nakamura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsukamura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Kim E, Chung MJ, Chung Y, Jun Y. The effect of diet control on puberty onset and immunoreactivity of kisspeptin and neurokinin B in female rats. Endocr J 2018; 65:1177-1185. [PMID: 30224608 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early onset puberty and irregular estrous cycles occur more frequently in rats which are fed a high-fat diet. Kisspeptin is an essential factor for the regulation of sexual maturation and is co-expressed with neurokinin B in neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. However, the effects of a diet change on kisspeptin neuronal signaling are not well-understood. Therefore, in this study, we examined the immunoreactivity pattern of the kisspeptin/kiss1-receptor (KISS1R) and neurokinin B/neurokinin3-receptor (R). Pups born to high-fat diet rats were exposed to a high-fat diet until the onset of puberty. From puberty, the offspring originally exposed to a high-fat diet were fed a normal diet up to 85 postnatal days (PND 85). We examined kisspeptin/Kiss1-receptor and neurokinin B/neurokinin3-receptor immunoreactivity (IR) in the arcuate nucleus of the pups. The onset of puberty in the high-fat group was significantly earlier than the control group. At the onset of puberty, the densities of kisspeptin and neurokinin B IR cells were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than in the control group; however, the densities of KISS1 and neurokinin 3-receptor IR cells did not differ between the two groups. At PND 85, the density of kisspeptin and neurokinin B IR cells did not differ between control and high fat group. The density of densities of KISS1 and neurokinin 3-receptor IR cells also did not differ between groups at this stage. These data suggest that a high-fat diet can influence puberty onset and the immunoreactivity of kisspeptin and neurokinin B. These effects can be modified by dietary control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Kim
- Department of pediatrics, Chosun University Hospital, Gwang-ju, Korea
| | | | - Yoonyoung Chung
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Korea
| | - Yonghyun Jun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Korea
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Orlando G, Leone S, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Macedonio G, Dimmito MP, Leporini L, Menghini L, Brunetti L, Recinella L. Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Neurotransmitters Involved in Appetite Control. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123071. [PMID: 30477219 PMCID: PMC6321454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as key regulator in gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion, reproductive function, and puberty onset, kisspeptin has been proposed to act as a bridge between energy homeostasis and reproduction. In the present study, to characterize the role of hypothalamic kisspeptin as metabolic regulator, we evaluated the effects of kisspeptin-10 on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression and the extracellular dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIIA) concentrations in rat hypothalamic (Hypo-E22) cells. Our study showed that kisspeptin-10 in the concentration range 1 nM–10 μM was well tolerated by the Hypo-E22 cell line. Moreover, kisspeptin-10 (100 nM–10 μM) concentration independently increased the gene expression of NPY while BDNF was inhibited only at the concentration of 10 μM. Finally, kisspeptin-10 decreased 5-HT and DA, leaving unaffected NE levels. The inhibitory effect on DA and 5-HT is consistent with the increased peptide-induced DOPAC/DA and 5-HIIA/5-HT ratios. In conclusion, our current findings suggesting the increased NPY together with decreased BDNF and 5-HT activity following kisspeptin-10 would be consistent with a possible orexigenic effect induced by the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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50
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Insights into leptin signaling and male reproductive health: the missing link between overweight and subfertility? Biochem J 2018; 475:3535-3560. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity stands as one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Obesity in reproductive-age men is ever more frequent and is reaching upsetting levels. At the same time, fertility has taken an inverse direction and is decreasing, leading to an increased demand for fertility treatments. In half of infertile couples, there is a male factor alone or combined with a female factor. Furthermore, male fertility parameters such as sperm count and concentration went on a downward spiral during the last few decades and are now approaching the minimum levels established to achieve successful fertilization. Hence, the hypothesis that obesity and deleterious effects in male reproductive health, as reflected in deterioration of sperm parameters, are somehow related is tempting. Most often, overweight and obese individuals present leptin levels directly proportional to the increased fat mass. Leptin, besides the well-described central hypothalamic effects, also acts in several peripheral organs, including the testes, thus highlighting a possible regulatory role in male reproductive function. In the last years, research focusing on leptin effects in male reproductive function has unveiled additional roles and molecular mechanisms of action for this hormone at the testicular level. Herein, we summarize the novel molecular signals linking metabolism and male reproductive function with a focus on leptin signaling, mitochondria and relevant pathways for the nutritional support of spermatogenesis.
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