1
|
Zhang L, Qin Z, Sun H, Chen X, Dong J, Shen S, Zheng L, Gu N, Jiang Q. Nanoenzyme engineered neutrophil-derived exosomes attenuate joint injury in advanced rheumatoid arthritis via regulating inflammatory environment. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:1-14. [PMID: 35387158 PMCID: PMC8961303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovitis and destruction of cartilage, promoted by sustained inflammation. However, current treatments remain unsatisfactory due to lacking of selective and effective strategies for alleviating inflammatory environments in RA joint. Inspired by neutrophil chemotaxis for inflammatory region, we therefore developed neutrophil-derived exosomes functionalized with sub-5 nm ultrasmall Prussian blue nanoparticles (uPB-Exo) via click chemistry, inheriting neutrophil-targeted biological molecules and owning excellent anti-inflammatory properties. uPB-Exo can selectively accumulate in activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes, subsequently neutralizing pro-inflammatory factors, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and alleviating inflammatory stress. In addition, uPB-Exo effectively targeted to inflammatory synovitis, penetrated deeply into the cartilage and real-time visualized inflamed joint through MRI system, leading to precise diagnosis of RA in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. Particularly, uPB-Exo induced a cascade of anti-inflammatory events via Th17/Treg cell balance regulation, thereby significantly ameliorating joint damage. Therefore, nanoenzyme functionalized exosomes hold the great potential for enhanced treatment of RA in clinic. uPB-Exo were firstly developed by combining NE-Exo with sub-5 nm ultrasmall PB nanoparticles via click chemistry. uPB-Exo selectively targeted inflamed joints via neutrophil-targeted biological molecules inherited from neutrophils. uPB-Exo accumulated in active FLS, and eventually scavenged reactive oxygen species and alleviated inflammatory stress. uPB-Exo induced a cascade of anti-inflammatory events via Th17/Treg cell balance regulation, thereby significantly ameliorating joint damage. uPB-Exo, as a drug free therapeutical agent, holds the great potential for enhanced treatment of RA in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, PR China
| | - Ziguo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Han Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, PR China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, PR China
| | - Jian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, PR China
| | - Siyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, PR China
| | - Liming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, PR China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, PR China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qu Z, Zhang B, Kong L, Gong Y, Feng M, Gao X, Wang D, Yan L. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis signaling pathway and related therapeutic natural compounds. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043975. [PMID: 36438811 PMCID: PMC9683337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast is a hematopoietic precursor cell derived from the mononuclear macrophage cell line, which is the only cell with bone resorption function. Its abnormal activation can cause serious osteolysis related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Paget’s disease and osteoporosis. In recent years, the adverse effects caused by anabolic anti-osteolytic drugs have increased the interest of researchers in the potential therapeutic and preventive effects of natural plant derivatives and natural compounds against osteolytic diseases caused by osteoclasts. Natural plant derivatives and natural compounds have become major research hotspots for the treatment of osteolysis-related diseases due to their good safety profile and ability to improve bone. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of RANKL and downstream signaling pathways in osteoclast differentiation, and briefly outlines potential natural compounds with antiosteoclast activity and molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma T, Kapoor A, Mandal CC. Duality of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer: A comprehensive analysis. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3127-3163. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Anmol Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Ajmer Rajasthan India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects and Mechanisms of Rhus chinensis Mill. Fruits on Suppressing RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Network Pharmacology and Validation in RAW264.7 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051020. [PMID: 35267996 PMCID: PMC8912277 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits are a kind of widely distributed edible seasoning, which have been documented to possess a variety of biological activities. However, its inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation has not been determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the fruits on osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and to illuminate the potential mechanisms using network pharmacology and western blots. Results showed that the extract containing two organic acids and twelve phenolic substances could effectively inhibit osteoclast differentiation in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Network pharmacology examination and western blot investigation showed that the concentrate essentially decreased the expression levels of osteoclast-specific proteins, chiefly through nuclear factor kappa-B, protein kinase B, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, particularly protein kinase B α and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 targets. Moreover, the extract likewise directly down regulated the expression of cellular oncogene Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 proteins. Citric acid, quercetin, myricetin-3-O-galactoside, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside were considered as the predominant bioactive ingredients. Results of this work may provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of R. chinensis fruits as a natural edible material to prevent and/or alleviate osteoporosis-related diseases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin X, Li Y, Yang Y, Shen H, Chen J, Xu B, Xu J. Thioacetamide promotes osteoclast transformation of bone marrow macrophages by influencing PI3K/AKT pathways. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:53. [PMID: 35093114 PMCID: PMC8800259 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Osteoclast cell increase is a major risk factor for osteoporosis and degenerative bone and joint diseases. At present, RANKL and M-CSF are commonly used to induce osteoclastogenesis. Thioacetamide (TAA) can lead to many types of liver and kidney damage, but less attention has been paid to the association of TAA with bone damage. In this work, we investigated the effects of TAA on the osteoclastogenesis and differentiation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs).
Methods
BMMs of SD rat suckling mice were taken for primary culture. CCK-8 was used to detect the toxic effects of TAA on BMMs, and flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of TAA on the cell cycle, cell viability, apoptosis and intracytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration of BMMs. TRAP staining was used to detect the effect of RANKL and M-CSF and TAA on osteoclast differentiation of BMMs. Western Blot was used to detect the expression level of PI3K/AKT pathway and osteoclast-specific proteins (TRAP and cathepsin K).
Results
The results suggested that TAA inhibited the proliferation of BMMs, while enhancing osteoclastogenesis at 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL as assayed by TRAP staining. Exposed to TAA, BMMs could differentiate into osteoclast-like cells with overexpression of cathepsin K and TRAP proteins. Western blot results showed that TAA can activate the expression levels of P-PI3K, P-AKT, P-P38, and P-JNK, accompanied by apoptosis of BMMs and increase in intracellular Ca2+.
Conclusion
TAA may induce osteoclast formation in BMMs by activating the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway proteins, which is comparable to the classic osteoclast differentiation inducer RANKL and M-CSF. This suggests that we may find a cheap osteoclast inducer.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma TL, Zhu P, Ke ZR, Chen JX, Hu YH, Xie J. Focusing on OB-OC-MΦ Axis and miR-23a to Explore the Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategy of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891313. [PMID: 35909545 PMCID: PMC9329542 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disorder characterized by decreased bone density and deteriorated microstructure, which increases the risk of fractures. The imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption results in the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis. Osteoblast-mediated bone formation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and macrophage-regulated inflammatory response play a central role in the process of bone remodeling, which together maintain the balance of the osteoblast-osteoclast-macrophage (OB-OC-MΦ) axis under physiological conditions. Bone formation and bone resorption disorders caused by the imbalance of OB-OC-MΦ axis contribute to osteoporosis. Many microRNAs are involved in the regulation of OB-OC-MΦ axis homeostasis, with microRNA-23a (miR-23a) being particularly crucial. MiR-23a is highly expressed in the pathological process of osteoporosis, which eventually leads to the occurrence and further progression of osteoporosis by inhibiting osteogenesis, promoting bone resorption and inflammatory polarization of macrophages. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of miR-23a in regulating the OB-OC-MΦ axis to provide new clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Ke
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Xian Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-He Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-He Hu, ; Jie Xie,
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Implants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-He Hu, ; Jie Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun Y, Li J, Xie X, Gu F, Sui Z, Zhang K, Yu T. Macrophage-Osteoclast Associations: Origin, Polarization, and Subgroups. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778078. [PMID: 34925351 PMCID: PMC8672114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular associations in the bone microenvironment are involved in modulating the balance between bone remodeling and resorption, which is necessary for maintaining a normal bone morphology. Macrophages and osteoclasts are both vital components of the bone marrow. Macrophages can interact with osteoclasts and regulate bone metabolism by secreting a variety of cytokines, which make a significant contribution to the associations. Although, recent studies have fully explored either macrophages or osteoclasts, indicating the significance of these two types of cells. However, it is of high importance to report the latest discoveries on the relationships between these two myeloid-derived cells in the field of osteoimmunology. Therefore, this paper reviews this topic from three novel aspects of the origin, polarization, and subgroups based on the previous work, to provide a reference for future research and treatment of bone-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar N, Mandal CC. Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs on Akt Signaling for Prevention of Tumorigenesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:724149. [PMID: 34603386 PMCID: PMC8483559 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.724149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has been reported to be accumulated in cancer cells. The metabolic dysregulation of the cholesterol is associated with tumor development and progression. The cholesterol-lowering drugs have been found to be involved in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, can modulate the role of several downstream proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metabolism, and apoptosis. Since its involvement in several signaling pathways, its dysregulation is commonly reported in several cancers. Thus, targeting Akt could be an effective approach for cancer prevention and therapy. Cholesterol-lowering drugs have been found to affect the expression of Akt, and its activation in the cancer cells and thus have shown anticancer activity in different type of cancers. These drugs act on various signaling pathways such as PTEN/Akt, PI3k/Akt, Akt/NF-κB, Akt/FOXO1, Akt/mTOR, etc., which will be discussed in this article. This review article will discuss the significance of cholesterol in cancer cells, cholesterol-lowering drugs, the role of Akt in cancer cells, and the effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs on Akt in the prevention of therapy resistance and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heubel B, Nohe A. The Role of BMP Signaling in Osteoclast Regulation. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:24. [PMID: 34203252 PMCID: PMC8293073 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic effects of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were delineated in 1965 when Urist et al. showed that BMPs could induce ectopic bone formation. In subsequent decades, the effects of BMPs on bone formation and maintenance were established. BMPs induce proliferation in osteoprogenitor cells and increase mineralization activity in osteoblasts. The role of BMPs in bone homeostasis and repair led to the approval of BMP2 by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) to increase the bone formation in the treated area. However, the use of BMP2 for treatment of degenerative bone diseases such as osteoporosis is still uncertain as patients treated with BMP2 results in the stimulation of not only osteoblast mineralization, but also osteoclast absorption, leading to early bone graft subsidence. The increase in absorption activity is the result of direct stimulation of osteoclasts by BMP2 working synergistically with the RANK signaling pathway. The dual effect of BMPs on bone resorption and mineralization highlights the essential role of BMP-signaling in bone homeostasis, making it a putative therapeutic target for diseases like osteoporosis. Before the BMP pathway can be utilized in the treatment of osteoporosis a better understanding of how BMP-signaling regulates osteoclasts must be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Heubel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palombo V, D’Andrea M, Licastro D, Dal Monego S, Sgorlon S, Sandri M, Stefanon B. Single-Step Genome Wide Association Study Identifies QTL Signals for Untrimmed and Trimmed Thigh Weight in Italian Crossbred Pigs for Dry-Cured Ham Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061612. [PMID: 34072469 PMCID: PMC8227816 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Along with the traditional traits, swine breeding programs for Italian dry-cured ham production have recently aimed to include novel phenotypes. The identification of the genomic regions underlying such new traits helps to untangle their genetic architecture and may provide useful information to be integrated in genetic selection. With this aim, we estimated genetic parameters and conducted a single step genome wide association studies (GWAS) on untrimmed and trimmed thigh weight considering two pig crossbred lines approved for Italian Protected Designation of Origin ham production. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were characterized based on the variance of 10-SNP sliding windows genomic estimated breeding values. In particular, we identified interesting QTL signals on several chromosomes, notably on chromosome 4, 6, 7 and 15. A high heritability and genetic correlation were observed for the two traits under investigation and although independent studies including other pig populations are required to disentangle the possible effects of specific linkage disequilibrium in our population, our findings suggest that such QTL could be investigated in future pig breeding programs to improve the reliability of genomic estimated breeding values for the dry-cured ham production. Abstract Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) dry-cured ham is the most important product in the Italian pig breeding industry, mainly oriented to produce heavy pig carcasses to obtain hams of the right weight and maturity. Recently, along with the traditional traits swine breeding programs have aimed to include novel carcass traits. The identification at the genome level of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting such new traits helps to reveal their genetic determinism and may provide information to be integrated in prediction models in order to improve prediction accuracy as well as to identify candidate genes underlying such traits. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and perform a single step genome wide association studies (ssGWAS) on novel carcass traits such as untrimmed (UTW) and trimmed thigh weight (TTW) in two pig crossbred lines approved for the ham production of the Italian PDO. With this purpose, phenotypes were collected from ~1800 animals and 240 pigs were genotyped with Illumina PorcineSNP60 Beadchip. The single-step genomic BLUP procedure was used for the heritability estimation and to implement the ssGWAS. QTL were characterized based on the variance of 10-SNP sliding window genomic estimated breeding values. Moderate heritabilities were detected and QTL signals were identified on chromosome 1, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 15 for both traits. As expected, the genetic correlation among the two traits was very high (~0.99). The QTL regions encompassed a total of 249 unique candidate genes, some of which were already reported in association with growth, carcass or ham weight traits in pigs. Although independent studies are required to further verify our findings and disentangle the possible effects of specific linkage disequilibrium in our population, our results support the potential use of such new QTL information in future breeding programs to improve the reliability of genomic prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via de Sanctis Snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via de Sanctis Snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0874-404671
| | - Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing, AREA Science Park, Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Simeone Dal Monego
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing, AREA Science Park, Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.L.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Sandy Sgorlon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Misa Sandri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, Università di Udine, Via Delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.S.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zou ML, Chen ZH, Teng YY, Liu SY, Jia Y, Zhang KW, Sun ZL, Wu JJ, Yuan ZD, Feng Y, Li X, Xu RS, Yuan FL. The Smad Dependent TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathway in Bone Remodeling and Therapies. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:593310. [PMID: 34026818 PMCID: PMC8131681 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.593310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a continuous process that maintains the homeostasis of the skeletal system, and it depends on the homeostasis between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-absorbing osteoclasts. A large number of studies have confirmed that the Smad signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis, suggesting a close relationship between Smad signaling and bone remodeling. It is known that Smads proteins are pivotal intracellular effectors for the members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), acting as transcription factors. Smad mediates the signal transduction in TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway that affects both osteoblast and osteoclast functions, and therefore plays a critical role in the regulation of bone remodeling. Increasing studies have demonstrated that a number of Smad signaling regulators have potential functions in bone remodeling. Therefore, targeting Smad dependent TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway might be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against osteoporosis. This article aims to review recent advances in this field, summarizing the influence of Smad on osteoblast and osteoclast function, together with Smad signaling regulators in bone remodeling. This will facilitate the understanding of Smad signaling pathway in bone biology and shed new light on the modulation and potential treatment for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Zou
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying-Ying Teng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Si-Yu Liu
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai-Wen Zhang
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zi-Li Sun
- Wuxi Clinical Medicine School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pirosa A, Gottardi R, Alexander PG, Puppi D, Chiellini F, Tuan RS. An in vitro chondro-osteo-vascular triphasic model of the osteochondral complex. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120773. [PMID: 33798958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The generation of engineered models of the osteochondral complex to study its pathologies and develop possible treatments is hindered by the distinctly different properties of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, with the latter characterized by vascularization. In vitro models of the osteochondral complex have been mainly engineered as biphasic constructs containing just cartilage and bone cells, a condition very dissimilar from the in vivo environment. The different cellular components of the osteochondral complex are governed by interacting biochemical signaling; hence, to study the crosstalk among chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells, we have developed a novel triphasic model of the osteochondral tissue interface. Wet-spun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds in combination with a methacrylated gelatin (gelMA) hydrogel were used as the polymeric backbone of the constructs. The scaffold components were engineered with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and differentiated using a dual chamber microphysiological system (MPS) bioreactor that allows the simultaneous, separate flow of media of different compositions for induced differentiation of each compartment towards a cartilaginous or osseous lineage. Within the engineered Microphysiological Vascularized Osteochondral System, hMSCs showed spatially distinct chondrogenic and osteogenic markers in terms of histology and gene expression. HUVECs formed a stable capillary-like network in the engineered bone compartment and enhanced both chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, resulting in the generation of an in vitro system that mimics a vascularized osteochondral interface tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pirosa
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario Puppi
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi J, Gu Y, Wang Y, Bai J, Xiong L, Tao Y, Xue Y, Xu Y, Yang H, Ye H, Geng D. Inhibitory effect of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid on titanium particle-induced bone loss by abrogating osteoclast formation and downregulating the ERK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107459. [PMID: 33611061 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Wear debris-induced osteoclast accumulation around implants plays a crucial role during the progression of periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO). We have confirmed that acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) promotes bone formation and protects against particle-induced bone destruction in vivo. However, the effect of AKBA on titanium-induced bone resorption is unknown. In this study, we detected the inhibitory effect of AKBA on titanium-induced bone erosion in vivo and used RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AKBA on the differentiation and resorptive function of osteoclasts. Our findings revealed that AKBA inhibited particle-induced bone loss and osteoclast formation in vivo. Furthermore, AKBA exerted inhibitory effects on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, osteoclastic ring-dependent resorption and the expression of osteoclast marker genes via the ERK signaling pathway in vitro. Our data further established the protective effect of AKBA on titanium particle-induced bone erosion from a new perspective of bone erosion prevention, strongly confirming that AKBA is an appropriate agent for protection against PPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Longbin Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yi Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Hongwei Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mandal CC. Osteolytic metastasis in breast cancer: effective prevention strategies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:797-811. [PMID: 32772585 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1807950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women throughout the world. Patients who are diagnosed early generally have better prognosis and survivability. Indeed, advanced stage breast cancer often develops osteolytic metastases, leading to bone destruction. Although there are select drugs available to treat bone metastatic disease, these drugs have shown limited success. AREA COVERED This paper emphasizes updated mechanisms of bone remodeling and osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer. This article also aims to explore the potential of novel natural and synthetic therapeutics in the effective prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolysis and osteolytic metastases of breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Targeting TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways, along with osteoclast activity, appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy in the prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone destruction and metastatic growth at bone metastatic niches. Pilot studies in animal models suggest various natural and synthetic compounds and monoclonal antibodies as putative therapeutics in the prevention of breast cancer stimulated osteolytic activity. However, comprehensive pre-clinical studies demonstrating the PK/PD and in-depth understanding of molecular mechanism(s) by which these potential molecules exhibit anti-tumor growth and anti-osteolytic activity are still required to develop effective therapies against breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang C, Li J, Zhu K, Yuan X, Cheng T, Qian Y, Zhang X. Puerarin Exerts Protective Effects on Wear Particle-Induced Inflammatory Osteolysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1113. [PMID: 31632268 PMCID: PMC6779862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wear particle-stimulated inflammatory bone destruction and the consequent aseptic loosening remain major postoperative problems for artificial joints. Studies have indicated that puerarin promotes osteogenesis and alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which puerarin interacts with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast formation in vitro and wear particle-stimulated osteolysis in vivo has not been reported. In this work, the protective effects exerted by puerarin on titanium particle-stimulated bone destruction in vivo and on RANKL-induced osteoclast activation in osteoclastic precursor cells in vitro were investigated. As expected, puerarin significantly inhibited wear particle-mediated bone resorption and proinflammatory cytokine productions in a calvarial resorption model. Additionally, puerarin inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast activation, bone resorption ability, and F-actin ring formation in vitro as puerarin concentration increased. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation indicated that reduced RANKL-stimulated MEK/ERK/NFATc1 signaling cascades might regulate the protective effect of puerarin. Conclusively, these results indicate that puerarin, a type of polyphenol, might serve as a protective agent to prevent osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yebin Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi J, Wang Z, Guo X, Shen J, Sun H, Bai J, Yu B, Wang L, Zhou W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Yang H, Xu Y, Zhou J, Geng D. Aspirin inhibits osteoclast formation and wear-debris-induced bone destruction by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2599-2608. [PMID: 31498438 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive osteoclast recruitment and activation is the chief cause of periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening, so blocking osteolysis may be useful for protecting against osteoclastic bone resorption. We studied the effect of aspirin on titanium (Ti)-particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro using male C57BL/6J mice randomized to sham (sham surgery), Ti (Ti particles), low-dose aspirin (Ti/5 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 aspirin), and high-dose aspirin (Ti/30 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 aspirin). After 2 weeks, a three-dimensional reconstruction evaluation using micro-computed tomography and histomorphology assessment were performed on murine calvariae. Murine hematopoietic macrophages and RAW264.7 lineage cells were studied to investigate osteoclast formation and function. Aspirin attenuated Ti-particle-induced bone erosion and reduced osteoclasts. In vitro, aspirin suppressed osteoclast formation, osteoclastic-related gene expression, and osteoclastic bone erosion in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanically, aspirin reduced osteoclast formation by suppressing receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced activation of extracellular signal-related kinase, p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Thus, aspirin may be a promising option for preventing and curing osteoclastic bone destruction, including peri-implant osteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Kowloon hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jining Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Houyi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binqing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kawao N, Moritake A, Tatsumi K, Kaji H. Roles of Irisin in the Linkage from Muscle to Bone During Mechanical Unloading in Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:24-34. [PMID: 29332162 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical unloading induces disuse muscle atrophy and bone loss, but the details in mechanism involved in those pathophysiological conditions are not fully understood. Interaction between muscle and bone has been recently noted. Here, we investigated the roles of humoral factors linking muscle to bone during mechanical unloading using mice with hindlimb unloading (HU) and sciatic neurectomy (SNX). HU and SNX reduced muscle volume surrounding the tibia, tissue weights of soleus and gastrocnemius muscle, and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) in the tibia of mice. Among humoral factors linking muscle to bone, HU and SNX reduced fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) mRNA levels in the soleus muscle of mice. Simple regression analysis revealed that FNDC5 mRNA levels in the soleus muscle were positively related to trabecular BMD in the tibia of control and HU mice as well as sham and SNX mice. Moreover, FNDC5 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA levels in the tibia of control and HU mice. Irisin, a product of FNDC5, suppressed osteoclast formation from mouse bone marrow cells and RANKL mRNA levels in primary osteoblasts. FNDC5 mRNA levels elevated by fluid shear stress were antagonized by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling inhibitors in myoblastic C2C12 cells. In conclusion, the present study first showed that mechanical unloading reduces irisin expression in the skeletal muscle of mice presumably through BMP and PI3K pathways. Irisin might be involved in muscle/bone relationships regulated by mechanical stress in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Moritake
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kohei Tatsumi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Guo X, Zhou W, Ding Y, Shi J, Wu X, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yang H, Geng D. Protein phosphatase 2A as a new target for downregulating osteoclastogenesis and alleviating titanium particle-induced bone resorption. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:488-499. [PMID: 29656074 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis is believed to play a critical role in osteolytic diseases including peri-prosthetic osteolysis (PPO), the primary reason for implant failure and revision surgery. In this study, we observed that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine-threonine phosphatase, was highly expressed in human periprosthetic interface membranes with aseptic loosening and in a murine osteolysis model induced by titanium particle irritation. PP2A inhibition effectively alleviated titanium particle-induced bone destruction at osteolytic sites. In addition, PP2A downregulation significantly decreased osteoclast numbers and RANKL expression, compared with in animals treated with only titanium. Mechanistically, a PP2A selective inhibitor or PP2A siRNA suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated osteoclastic resorption by inhibiting the RANKL-induced nuclear factor-кB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. Downstream NFATc1 and c-Fos expression were also substantially suppressed by PP2A inhibition or knockdown. Our findings support the importance of PP2A during osteoclastogenesis, identifying PP2A as a novel target for treating particle-induced or other osteoclast-mediated bone resorption diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Excessive osteoclast activation disrupts bone homeostasis and leads to osteoclast-mediated bone resorption diseases, such as peri-prosthetic osteolysis, regarded as the primary reason for implant failure and revision surgery. Here, we firstly demonstrated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine-threonine phosphatase, was highly expressed in human periprosthetic interface membranes with aseptic loosening and murine osteolysis model. Moreover, PP2A inhibition effectively alleviated titanium particle-induced bone destruction and decreased osteoclast numbers. Meanwhile, a PP2A selective inhibitor or PP2A siRNA suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated osteoclastic resorption by inhibiting the nuclear factor-кB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. Thus, PP2A is involved in osteoclastogenesis and could be a promising target for regulating bone homeostasis and osteolytic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yayun Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Li Y, Peng X, Li B, Yuan X, chen Y. Emodin attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis through the suppression of IKK phosphorylation. Mol Immunol 2018; 96:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
20
|
Lee MJ, Kang MJ, Lee SY, Lee E, Kim K, Won S, Suh DI, Kim KW, Sheen YH, Ahn K, Kim BS, Hong SJ. Perturbations of gut microbiome genes in infants with atopic dermatitis according to feeding type. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1310-1319. [PMID: 29339259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbations of the infant gut microbiota can shape development of the immune system and link to the risk of allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the role of the gut microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). The metagenome of the infant gut microbiome was analyzed according to feeding types. METHODS Composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed in fecal samples from 129 infants (6 months old) by using pyrosequencing, including 66 healthy infants and 63 infants with AD. The functional profile of the gut microbiome was analyzed by means of whole-metagenome sequencing (20 control subjects and 20 patients with AD). In addition, the total number of bacteria in the feces was determined by using real-time PCR. RESULTS The gut microbiome of 6-month-old infants was different based on feeding types, and 2 microbiota groups (Bifidobacterium species-dominated and Escherichia/Veillonella species-dominated groups) were found in breast-fed and mixed-fed infants. Bacterial cell amounts in the feces were lower in infants with AD than in control infants. Although no specific taxa directly correlated with AD in 16S rRNA gene results, whole-metagenome analysis revealed differences in functional genes related to immune development. The reduction in genes for oxidative phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling, estrogen signaling, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor signaling, and antigen processing and presentation induced by reduced colonization of mucin-degrading bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium 2_1_58FAA) was significantly associated with stunted immune development in the AD group compared with the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the gut microbiome can be associated with AD because of different bacterial genes that can modulate host immune cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kangjin Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Environmental Health Center for Atopic Disease, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Feng YL, Jiang XT, Ma FF, Han J, Tang XL. Resveratrol prevents osteoporosis by upregulating FoxO1 transcriptional activity. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:202-212. [PMID: 29115382 PMCID: PMC5746307 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene, RES), a natural antioxidant, prevents bone loss by attenuating damage caused by oxidative stress. Our previous research revealed that the forkhead box O1 (FoxO1)/β-catenin signaling pathway affected the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through its regulation of redox balance, and RES regulated the expression of FoxO1 to control white adipose tissue and then ameliorate an overweight condition. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that RES regulates FoxO1 transcriptional activity through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway to achieve an antioxidative effect on osteoporosis and then we confirmed this hypothesis in the present study. An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis and a H2O2-induced oxidative cell injury model in RAW 264.7 cells were established to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of how RES confers an antioxidant effect and prevents bone loss. The obtained results demonstrated that RES strongly prevented bone loss induced by oxidative stress in vivo. More specifically, RES effectively decreased the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) together with the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) level, but elevated the osteoproprotegrin (OPG) level and attenuated bone microarchitecture damage. Notably, RES, due to its antioxidant effect, suppressed RANKL production and then inhibited osteoclastogenesis in the OVX rats. In vitro, RES improved the oxidative stress status of cells and thus inhibited the mRNA expression of osteoclast-specific enzymes. These data indicate that RES has a significant bone protective effect by antagonizing oxidative stress to suppress osteoclast activity, function and formation both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, at the molecular level, we confirmed, for the first time, that RES upregulated FoxO1 transcriptional activity by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and hence promoted resistance to oxidative damage and restrained osteoclastogenesis. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be induced by RANKL. FoxO1 is a major action target of RES to confer anti-osteoporosis function, and whose effect stems from its power to improve redox balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Feng
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Jiang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Ma
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Han
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Lei Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu Y, Shen J, Muhammed FK, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Effect of orthodontic force on the expression of PI3K, Akt, and P70S6 K in the human periodontal ligament during orthodontic loading. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:372-377. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Fenik Kaml Muhammed
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology; China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lithium chloride inhibits titanium particle-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83949-83961. [PMID: 29137395 PMCID: PMC5663567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast over-activation and inflammation responses promote peri-implant osteolysis (PIO), which is the leading cause of aseptic artificial joint loosening. We examined the effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on wear debris-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammation. Fifty-Six C57BL/6J male mice were randomly distributed into four groups: sham control (sham, treated with phosphate buffered saline [PBS]), vehicle (treated with titanium/PBS), low-LiCl (L-LiCl, titanium: 50 mg/kg LiCl) and high-LiCl (H-LiCl, titanium: 200 mg/kg LiCl). After 14 days, mouse calvaria were harvested for micro-computed tomography and histomorphological and molecular analyses. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were extracted to examine osteoclast differentiation, and the RAW264.7 cell line was used to investigate osteoclastogenesis mechanisms. LiCl reduced the number of osteoclasts, debris-induced osteolysis, and the expression of inflammatory factors, thereby preventing bone loss in vivo. In vitro, LiCl inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic bone resorption by inhibiting the RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling pathway. LiCl's activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was not associated with LiCl's inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that LiCl may be an effective agent for treatment of osteolytic diseases caused by chronic inflammation and over-activation of osteoclasts.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chowdhury K, Sharma A, Sharma T, Kumar S, Mandal CC. Simvastatin and MBCD Inhibit Breast Cancer-Induced Osteoclast Activity by Targeting Osteoclastogenic Factors. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:403-413. [PMID: 28463564 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1309548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have documented that cholesterol-lowering simvastatin prevented osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer in animal model in which cancer cells were placed into blood circulation. Thus, simvastatin treatment might have a preventive effect in inhibiting osteoclast activity of metastatic bone microenvironment. This study documented that both simvastatin and MBCD (cholesterol depleting drug) blocked the breast cancer-induced TRAP and MMP activity, and expressions of various osteoclastogenic genes (TRAP, Cathepsin K, and NFATc1) in pre-osteoclast RAW264.7 cells, and osteoclastogenic CSF-1 and RANKL expressions in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Thus, these findings unravel a molecular mechanism of simvastatin-/MBCD-mediated inhibition of breast cancer-driven osteoclast activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chowdhury
- a Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- a Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Tanu Sharma
- a Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- a Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- a Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu X, Ping Z, Gan M, Tao Y, Wang L, Shi J, Wu X, Zhang W, Yang H, Xu Y, Wang Z, Geng D. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents wear debris-induced osteolysis via suppression of ERK pathway. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:479-488. [PMID: 27838465 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant osteolysis (PIO) and the following aseptic loosening is the leading cause of implant failure. Emerging evidence suggests that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption are responsible for particle-stimulated PIO. Here, we explored the effect of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3) on titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly separated into four groups: sham control (sham), titanium particles only (titanium), titanium particles with low TF3 concentration (low-TF3, 1mg/kg TF3), and titanium particles with high TF3 concentration (high-TF3, 10mg/kg TF3). Two weeks later, micro-computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 murine macrophages were applied to examine osteoclast formation and differentiation. TF3 significantly inhibited titanium particle-induced osteolysis and prevented bone destruction compared with titanium group. Interestingly, the number of mature osteoclasts reduced after treatment with TF3 in vivo, suggesting osteoclast formation might be inhibited by TF3. In vitro, TF3 suppressed osteoclast formation, polarization and osteoclastic bone resorption by specifically targeting the RANKL-induced ERK signal pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that TF3, a natural active compound derived from black tea, is a promising candidate for the treatment of osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases, such as wear debris-induced PIO. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Total joint arthroplasty is widely accepted for the treatment of end-stage joint diseases. However, it is reported that aseptic loosening, initiated by peri-implant osteolysis, is the major reason for prosthesis failure. Although the pathophysiology of PIO remains unclear, increasing evidence indicates that osteoclasts are excessively activated at the implant site by wear debris from materials. Here, we demonstrated that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, a natural active compound derived from black tea, inhibited osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption mainly via suppressing the ERK pathway. Moreover, the findings of this study have confirmed for the first time that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate has a protective effect on particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model, thus preventing bone loss. These results indicate that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate may be a suitable therapeutic agent to treat wear debris-induced peri-implant osteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Zichuan Ping
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu L, Guo Q, Yang J, Ni B. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Promotes Osteoclast Formation Via PI3K/Akt Pathway-Mediated Blimp1 Expression Upregulation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1308-1315. [PMID: 27505147 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced osteoclastogenesis have profound effects in states of inflammatory osteolysis such as rheumatoid arthritis, periprosthetic implant loosening, and periodontitis. However, the exact mechanisms by which TNF-α promotes RANKL-induced osteoclast formation remains poorly understood. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) is a transcriptional repressor that plays crucial roles in the differentiation and/or function of various kinds of cells including osteoclasts. A novel mechanism was identified where TNF-α-mediated Blimp1 expression, which contributed to RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. It is shown that TNF-α could promote the level of Blimp1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. Silencing of Blimp1 in osteoclast precursor cells obviously attenuated the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, TNF-α-induced Blimp1 expression was markedly rescued by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which suggested that PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the regulation of TNF-α-stimulated Blimp1 expression. Taken together, the results established a molecular mechanism of TNF-α-induced osteoclasts differentiation, and provided insights into the potential contribution of Blimp1 in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis by TNF-α. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1308-1315, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LeCheng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - QunFeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Minami A, Ogino M, Nakano N, Ichimura M, Nakanishi A, Murai T, Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. Roles of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in osteoclastogenesis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:261-267. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
28
|
Abstract
Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as stem-cell self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Smad proteins are critical downstream mediators of these signaling activities. In addition to regulating the transcription of direct target genes of TGF-β, BMP, activin, or Nodal, Smad proteins also participate in extensive cross talk with other signaling pathways, often in a cell-type- or developmental stage-specific manner. These combinatorial signals often produce context-, time-, and location-dependent biological outcomes that are critical for development. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the cross talk between Smad proteins and signaling pathways of Wnt, Notch, Hippo, Hedgehog (Hh), mitogen-activated protein (MAP), kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo K. Signaling Cross Talk between TGF-β/Smad and Other Signaling Pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017. [PMID: 27836834 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, including TGF-βs, bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), activins, and Nodal, play crucial roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, as well as stem-cell self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Smad proteins are critical downstream mediators of these signaling activities. In addition to regulating the transcription of direct target genes of TGF-β, BMP, activin, or Nodal, Smad proteins also participate in extensive cross talk with other signaling pathways, often in a cell-type- or developmental stage-specific manner. These combinatorial signals often produce context-, time-, and location-dependent biological outcomes that are critical for development. This review discusses recent progress in our understanding of the cross talk between Smad proteins and signaling pathways of Wnt, Notch, Hippo, Hedgehog (Hh), mitogen-activated protein (MAP), kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunxin Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mandal CC, Das F, Ganapathy S, Harris SE, Choudhury GG, Ghosh-Choudhury N. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) Activates NFATc1 Transcription Factor via an Autoregulatory Loop Involving Smad/Akt/Ca2+ Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1148-61. [PMID: 26472929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is controlled by dual actions of osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBs). The calcium-sensitive nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 transcription factor, as an OC signature gene, regulates differentiation of OCs downstream of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-stimulated osteoblast-coded factors. To analyze a functional link between BMP-2 and NFATc1, we analyzed bones from OB-specific BMP-2 knock-out mice for NFATc1 expression by immunohistochemical staining and found significant reduction in NFATc1 expression. This indicated a requirement of BMP-2 for NFATc1 expression in OBs. We showed that BMP-2, via the receptor-specific Smad pathway, regulates expression of NFATc1 in OBs. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling acting downstream of BMP-2 also drives NFATc1 expression and transcriptional activation. Under the basal condition, NFATc1 is phosphorylated. Activation of NFAT requires dephosphorylation by the calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. We examined the role of calcium in BMP-2-stimulated regulation of NFATc1 in osteoblasts. 1,2Bis(2aminophenoxy)ethaneN,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester, an inhibitor of intracellular calcium abundance, blocked BMP-2-induced transcription of NFATc1. Interestingly, BMP-2 induced calcium release from intracellular stores and increased calcineurin phosphatase activity, resulting in NFATc1 nuclear translocation. Cyclosporin A, which inhibits calcineurin upstream of NFATc1, blocked BMP-2-induced NFATc1 mRNA and protein expression. Expression of NFATc1 directly increased its transcription and VIVIT peptide, an inhibitor of NFATc1, suppressed BMP-2-stimulated NFATc1 transcription, confirming its autoregulation. Together, these data show a role of NFATc1 downstream of BMP-2 in mouse bone development and provide novel evidence for the presence of a cross-talk among Smad, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, and Ca(2+) signaling for BMP-2-induced NFATc1 expression through an autoregulatory loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen E Harris
- Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Medicine, and From Veterans Affairs Research and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System and
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yuan FL, Xu RS, Jiang DL, He XL, Su Q, Jin C, Li X. Leonurine hydrochloride inhibits osteoclastogenesis and prevents osteoporosis associated with estrogen deficiency by inhibiting the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Bone 2015; 75:128-37. [PMID: 25708053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the primary bone resorbing cells, are responsible for destructive bone diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Many plant-derived traditional medicines that might suppress the formation and/or function of osteoclasts are promising treatments for osteoclast-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of leonurine hydrochloride (LH) on receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. LH is a synthetic chemical compound based on the structure of leonurine, which is found in motherwort and has been reported to exhibit phytoestrogenic activity. In RAW 264.7 cells and mouse bone marrow monocytes (BMMs), LH suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and actin ring formation in a dose-dependent manner. LH targeted RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption at an early stage. Molecular analysis demonstrated that LH attenuated RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling by inhibiting the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. LH inhibited the RANK-TRAF6 association triggered by RANKL binding and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt axis, without significantly affecting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AP-1 signaling pathways. LH attenuated the RANKL-stimulated expression of osteoclast-related genes including NFATc1, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K, and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR). Consistent with the in vitro results, LH administration attenuated osteoclast activity, thus preventing bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency in mice. In this study, LH suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via RANK-TRAF6, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt signaling. These data provide the first evidence that LH might be a promising therapeutic compound to treat osteoclast-related diseases, such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Dong-Lin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Xing-Long He
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mehta J, Asthana S, Mandal CC, Saxena S. A molecular analysis provides novel insights into androgen receptor signalling in breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120622. [PMID: 25781993 PMCID: PMC4364071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen Receptor (AR) is an essential transcription factor for the development of secondary sex characteristics, spermatogenesis and carcinogenesis. Recently AR has been implicated in the development and progression of breast and prostate cancers. Although some of the functions of the AR are known but the mechanistic details of these divergent processes are still not clear. Therefore understanding the regulatory mechanisms of the functioning of the AR in ER-/AR+ breast cancer will provide many novel targets for the purpose of therapeutic intervention. METHODS/RESULTS Using bioinformatics tools, we have identified 75 AR targets having prominent roles in cell cycle, apoptosis and metabolism. Herein, we validated 10 genes as AR targets by studying the regulation of these genes in MDA-MB-453 cell line on stimulation by androgens like 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), using RT-qPCR and ChIP assay. It was observed that all the identified genes involved in cell cycle except MAD1L1 were found to be up regulated whereas expression of apoptosis related genes was decreased in response to DHT treatment. We performed an exhaustive, rigid-body docking between individual ARE and DNA binding domain (DBD) of the AR protein and it was found that novel residues K567, K588, K591 and R592 are involved in the process of DNA binding. To verify these specific DNA-protein interactions electrostatic energy term calculations for each residue was determined using the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Our experimental data showed that treatment of breast cancer cells with DHT promotes cell proliferation and decreases apoptosis. It was observed that bicalutamide treatment was able to reverse the effect of DHT. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results provide new insights into the mechanism by which AR promotes breast cancer progression. Moreover our work proposes to use bicalutamide along with taxanes as novel therapy for the treatment of TNBCs, which are positive for downstream AR signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Mehta
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMR, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMR, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sunita Saxena
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMR, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mandal CC. High Cholesterol Deteriorates Bone Health: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:165. [PMID: 26557105 PMCID: PMC4617053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies show a positive connection between cardiovascular diseases and risk of osteoporosis, suggesting a role of hyperlipidemia and/or hypercholesterolemia in regulating osteoporosis. The majority of the studies indicated a correlation between high cholesterol and high LDL-cholesterol level with low bone mineral density, a strong predictor of osteoporosis. Similarly, bone metastasis is a serious complication of cancer for patients. Several epidemiological and basic studies have established that high cholesterol is associated with increased cancer risk. Moreover, osteoporotic bone environment predisposes the cancer cells for metastatic growth in the bone microenvironment. This review focuses on how cholesterol and cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins) regulate the functions of bone residential osteoblast and osteoclast cells to augment or to prevent bone deterioration. Moreover, this study provides an insight into molecular mechanisms of cholesterol-mediated bone deterioration. It also proposes a potential mechanism by which cellular cholesterol boosts cancer-induced bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
- *Correspondence: Chandi C. Mandal,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rotival M, Ko JH, Srivastava PK, Kerloc'h A, Montoya A, Mauro C, Faull P, Cutillas PR, Petretto E, Behmoaras J. Integrating phosphoproteome and transcriptome reveals new determinants of macrophage multinucleation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:484-98. [PMID: 25532521 PMCID: PMC4349971 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.043836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage multinucleation (MM) is essential for various biological processes such as osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and multinucleated giant cell-associated inflammatory reactions. Here we study the molecular pathways underlying multinucleation in the rat through an integrative approach combining MS-based quantitative phosphoproteomics (LC-MS/MS) and transcriptome (high-throughput RNA-sequencing) to identify new regulators of MM. We show that a strong metabolic shift toward HIF1-mediated glycolysis occurs at transcriptomic level during MM, together with modifications in phosphorylation of over 50 proteins including several ARF GTPase activators and polyphosphate inositol phosphatases. We use shortest-path analysis to link differential phosphorylation with the transcriptomic reprogramming of macrophages and identify LRRFIP1, SMARCA4, and DNMT1 as novel regulators of MM. We experimentally validate these predictions by showing that knock-down of these latter reduce macrophage multinucleation. These results provide a new framework for the combined analysis of transcriptional and post-translational changes during macrophage multinucleation, prioritizing essential genes, and revealing the sequential events leading to the multinucleation of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rotival
- From the ‡Integrative Genomics and Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- §Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research (CCIR), Imperial College London, UK
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- From the ‡Integrative Genomics and Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Audrey Kerloc'h
- §Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research (CCIR), Imperial College London, UK
| | - Alex Montoya
- ‖Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- ¶William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Peter Faull
- ‖Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Pedro R Cutillas
- **Integrative Cell Signaling and Proteomics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- From the ‡Integrative Genomics and Medicine, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, UK;
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- §Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research (CCIR), Imperial College London, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ghosh-Choudhury N, Mandal CC, Das F, Ganapathy S, Ahuja S, Ghosh Choudhury G. c-Abl-dependent molecular circuitry involving Smad5 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced osteogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24503-17. [PMID: 23821550 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal remodeling consists of timely formation and resorption of bone by osteoblasts and osteoclasts in a quantitative manner. Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving inhibitors of c-Abl tyrosine kinase often show reduced bone remodeling due to impaired osteoblast and osteoclast function. BMP-2 plays a significant role in bone generation and resorption by contributing to the formation of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effects of c-Abl on BMP-2-induced bone remodeling and the underlying mechanisms are not well studied. Using a pharmacological inhibitor and expression of a dominant negative mutant of c-Abl, we show an essential role of this tyrosine kinase in the development of bone nodules containing mature osteoblasts and formation of multinucleated osteoclasts in response to BMP-2. Calvarial osteoblasts prepared from c-Abl null mice showed the absolute requirement of this tyrosine kinase in maturation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/Akt signaling by BMP-2 leads to osteoblast differentiation. Remarkably, inhibition of c-Abl significantly suppressed BMP-2-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity and its downstream Akt phosphorylation. Interestingly, c-Abl regulated BMP-2-induced osteoclastogenic CSF-1 expression. More importantly, we identified the requirements of c-Abl in BMP-2 autoregulation and the expressions of alkaline phosphatase and osterix that are necessary for osteoblast differentiation. c-Abl contributed to BMP receptor-specific Smad-dependent transcription of CSF-1, osterix, and BMP-2. Finally, c-Abl associates with BMP receptor IA and regulates phosphorylation of Smad in response to BMP-2. We propose that activation of c-Abl is an important step, which induces into two signaling pathways involving noncanonical PI 3-kinase and canonical Smads to integrate BMP-2-induced osteogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- Veterans Affairs Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Haversath M, Catelas I, Li X, Tassemeier T, Jäger M. PGE2 and BMP-2 in bone and cartilage metabolism: 2 intertwining pathways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and lesions to cartilage tissue are diseases that frequently result in impaired joint function and patient disability. The treatment of osteoarthritis, along with local bone defects and systemic skeletal diseases, remains a significant clinical challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to have osteoinductive effects, whereof BMP-2 and BMP-7 are already approved for clinical applications. There is growing evidence that the metabolism of bone as well as the cartilage damage associated with the above disease processes are strongly inter-related with the interactions of the inflammation-related pathways (in particular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) and osteogenesis (in particular bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)). There is strong evidence that the pathways of prostaglandins and bone morphogenetic proteins are intertwined, and they have recently come into focus in several experimental and clinical studies. This paper focuses on PGE2 and BMP-2 intertwining pathways in bone and cartilage metabolism, and summarizes the recent experimental and clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Haversath
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Catelas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Surgery, and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur A-206, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Xinning Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Tjark Tassemeier
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Jäger
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Canalis E, Brunet LJ, Parker K, Zanotti S. Conditional inactivation of noggin in the postnatal skeleton causes osteopenia. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1616-26. [PMID: 22334719 PMCID: PMC3320258 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Noggin is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), and its overexpression causes suppressed osteoblastogenesis and osteopenia. Global inactivation of Noggin results in severe developmental defects and prenatal lethality, but the consequences of the conditional inactivation of Noggin on the postnatal skeleton are not known. To study the function of noggin in osteoblasts, we generated tissue-specific null Noggin mice by mating Noggin conditional mice, where the Noggin allele is flanked by loxP sequences, with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the osteocalcin promoter (Oc-Cre). Noggin conditional null mice exhibited decreased weight, shortened femoral length, and generalized osteopenia. Bone histomorphometric and microarchitectural analyses of distal femurs revealed decreased bone volume due to a reduced number of trabeculae in 1- and 3-month-old Noggin conditional null mice. Vertebral microarchitecture confirmed the osteopenia observed in Noggin conditional null mice. Osteoclast number was increased in 1-month-old male Noggin conditional null mice, and bone formation was increased in 3-month-old mice, but female mice did not exhibit increased bone remodeling. In conclusion, Noggin inactivation causes osteopenia, suggesting that BMP in excess have a detrimental effect on bone or that noggin has a BMP-independent role in skeletal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, 114 Woodland Street, Hartford, CT 06105-1299, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
DeMambro VE, Maile L, Wai C, Kawai M, Cascella T, Rosen CJ, Clemmons D. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 is required for osteoclast differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:390-400. [PMID: 22006816 PMCID: PMC3385417 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Global deletion of the Igfbp2 gene results in the suppression of bone turnover. To investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in regulating osteoclast differentiation, we cultured Igfbp2(-/-) bone marrow cells and found a reduction in the number of osteoclasts and impaired resorption. Addition of full-length IGFBP-2 restored osteoclast differentiation, fusion, and resorption. To determine the molecular domains of IGFBP-2 that were required for this effect to be manifest, Igfbp2(-/-) bone marrow cells were transfected with constructs in which the heparin-binding (HBD) or the IGF-binding domains of IGFBP-2 were mutated. We found that both domains were necessary for osteoclastogenesis because expression of the mutated forms of either domain failed to support the formation of functionally mature osteoclasts. To discern the mechanism by which IGFBP-2 regulates osteoclast formation, PTEN abundance and phosphorylation status as well as AKT responsiveness to IGF-I were analyzed. Igfbp2(-/-) cells had elevated levels of PTEN and phospho-PTEN compared with controls. Expression of wild-type IGFBP-2 reduced the level of PTEN to that of wild-type cells. Cells expressing the IGF-binding mutant showed suppression of PTEN and phospho-PTEN equivalent to the wild-type protein, whereas those expressing the IGFBP-2 HBD mutant showed no PTEN suppression. When the ability of IGF-I to stimulate AKT activation, measured by Thr³⁰⁸ and Ser⁴⁷³ phosphorylation, was analyzed, stimulation of Ser⁴⁷³ in response to IGF-I in preosteoclasts required the presence of intact IGFBP-2. This effect was duplicated by the addition of a CK2 inhibitor that prevents the phosphorylation of PTEN. In contrast, in fully differentiated osteoclasts, stimulation of Thr³⁰⁸ phosphorylation required the presence of intact IGFBP-2. We conclude that IGFBP-2 is an important regulator of osteoclastogenesis and that both the heparin- and the IGF-binding domains of IGFBP-2 are essential for the formation of fully differentiated and functional osteoclasts.
Collapse
|
39
|
Aida N, Ochiai H, Tezen C, Yoshizawa Y, Matsuzaka K, Morinaga K, Azuma T. Differential Signaling by TGF-^|^beta;1 and BMP-2/-7 During Induction of Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells-Involvement of a PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K Mechanism. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.21.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
40
|
Canalis E, Parker K, Zanotti S. Gremlin1 is required for skeletal development and postnatal skeletal homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:269-77. [PMID: 21412775 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Gremlin is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins, and its overexpression causes suppressed osteoblastogenesis and osteopenia. Inactivation of Grem1 results in severe developmental defects, but the consequences of the global inactivation of Grem1 on the postnatal skeleton are not known. To study the function of gremlin, Grem1 was inactivated by homologous recombination, and mice were maintained in a C57BL/6/FVB mixed genetic background due to embryonic and neonatal lethality in the uniform C57BL/6 background. Grem1 null mice exhibited developmental skeletal abnormalities, leading to incomplete formation of metatarsal bones and of fore limbs and hind limbs. Grem1 null mice exhibited decreased weight and body fat and shortened femoral length. Bone histomorphometric and microarchitectural analyses of distal femurs revealed decreased bone volume and increased bone formation in 1-month-old Grem1 null mice. Trabecular femoral bone volume was restored in older Grem1 null female mice, and to a lesser extent in male mice. Vertebral microarchitecture confirmed the osteopenia observed in 1-month-old Grem1 null mice and demonstrated recovery of trabecular bone in older female, but not in older male Grem1 null mice, which exhibited persistent vertebral osteopenia. In conclusion, Grem1 is not only necessary for skeletal development, but also for postnatal skeletal homeostasis; its inactivation causes osteopenia, which is partially reversed in a spatial, temporal, and sex-dependent manner due to an increase in bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06105-1299, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Miura S, Mishina Y. Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hgs) is involved in BMP signaling through phosphorylation of SMADS and TAK1 in early mouse embryo. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:2474-81. [PMID: 21953618 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate that is encoded by Hgs promotes degradation of ubiquitinated signaling molecule in the early endosome. We previously reported that a targeted mutation in Hgs results in embryonic lethality soon after gastrulation in the mouse. Here, we report that downstream target genes for BMP signaling were highly down-regulated in the Hgs mutant embryos. We also showed that Hgs is required for phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 and TAK1/p38 to transduce BMP signaling. Furthermore, we found that HGS functions to localize TAK1 in early endosome for its activation. These results suggest that HGS is critical to localize TAK1 to early endosome for transducing BMP signaling for proper development. Our data revealed a new mechanism to modify BMP signaling by Hgs during early mouse development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Miura
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gupta M, Cheung CL, Hsu YH, Demissie S, Cupples LA, Kiel DP, Karasik D. Identification of homogeneous genetic architecture of multiple genetically correlated traits by block clustering of genome-wide associations. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1261-71. [PMID: 21611967 PMCID: PMC3312758 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using high-density genotyping platforms offer an unbiased strategy to identify new candidate genes for osteoporosis. It is imperative to be able to clearly distinguish signal from noise by focusing on the best phenotype in a genetic study. We performed GWAS of multiple phenotypes associated with fractures [bone mineral density (BMD), bone quantitative ultrasound (QUS), bone geometry, and muscle mass] with approximately 433,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and created a database of resulting associations. We performed analysis of GWAS data from 23 phenotypes by a novel modification of a block clustering algorithm followed by gene-set enrichment analysis. A data matrix of standardized regression coefficients was partitioned along both axes--SNPs and phenotypes. Each partition represents a distinct cluster of SNPs that have similar effects over a particular set of phenotypes. Application of this method to our data shows several SNP-phenotype connections. We found a strong cluster of association coefficients of high magnitude for 10 traits (BMD at several skeletal sites, ultrasound measures, cross-sectional bone area, and section modulus of femoral neck and shaft). These clustered traits were highly genetically correlated. Gene-set enrichment analyses indicated the augmentation of genes that cluster with the 10 osteoporosis-related traits in pathways such as aldosterone signaling in epithelial cells, role of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis, and Parkinson signaling. In addition to several known candidate genes, we also identified PRKCH and SCNN1B as potential candidate genes for multiple bone traits. In conclusion, our mining of GWAS results revealed the similarity of association results between bone strength phenotypes that may be attributed to pleiotropic effects of genes. This knowledge may prove helpful in identifying novel genes and pathways that underlie several correlated phenotypes, as well as in deciphering genetic and phenotypic modularity underlying osteoporosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayetri Gupta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mandal CC, Ganapathy S, Gorin Y, Mahadev K, Block K, Abboud HE, Harris SE, Ghosh-Choudhury G, Ghosh-Choudhury N. Reactive oxygen species derived from Nox4 mediate BMP2 gene transcription and osteoblast differentiation. Biochem J 2011; 433:393-402. [PMID: 21029048 PMCID: PMC4539275 DOI: 10.1042/bj20100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) promotes differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells to mature osteoblasts that form healthy bone. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism of BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation. The antioxidant NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) and the flavoprotein enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI (diphenyleneiodonium) prevented BMP-2-stimulated alkaline phosphatase expression and mineralized bone nodule formation in mouse 2T3 pre-osteoblasts. BMP-2 elicited a rapid generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) concomitant with increased activation of NAD(P)H oxidase. NAC and DPI inhibited BMP-2-induced ROS production and NAD(P)H oxidase activity respectively. NAD(P)H oxidases display structurally similar catalytic subunits (Nox1-5) with differential expression in various cells. We demonstrate that 2T3 pre-osteoblasts predominantly express the Nox4 isotype of NAD(P)H oxidase. To extend this finding, we tested the functional effects of Nox4. Adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant-negative Nox4 inhibited BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase expression. BMP-2 promotes expression of BMP-2 for maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype. NAC and DPI significantly blocked BMP-2-stimulated expression of BMP2 mRNA and protein due to a decrease in BMP2 gene transcription. Dominant-negative Nox4 also mimicked this effect of NAC and DPI. Our results provide the first evidence for a new signalling pathway linking BMP-2-stimulated Nox4-derived physiological ROS to BMP-2 expression and osteoblast differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Suthakar Ganapathy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Yves Gorin
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Kalyankar Mahadev
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191904, U.S.A
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Hanna E. Abboud
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Stephen E. Harris
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Goutam Ghosh-Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mandal CC, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Yoneda T, Choudhury GG, Ghosh-Choudhury N. Simvastatin prevents skeletal metastasis of breast cancer by an antagonistic interplay between p53 and CD44. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11314-27. [PMID: 21199873 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.193714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial data from clinical trials and epidemiological studies show promising results for use of statins in many cancers, including mammary carcinoma. Breast tumor primarily metastasizes to bone to form osteolytic lesions, causing severe pain and pathological fracture. Here, we report that simvastatin acts as an inhibitor of osteolysis in a mouse model of breast cancer skeletal metastasis of human mammary cancer cell MDA-MB-231, which expresses the mutant p53R280K. Simvastatin and lovastatin attenuated migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 breast tumor cells in culture. Acquisition of phenotype to express the cancer stem cell marker, CD44, leads to invasive potential of the tumor cells. Interestingly, statins significantly decreased the expression of CD44 protein via a transcriptional mechanism. shRNA-mediated down-regulation of CD44 markedly reduced the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in culture. We identified that in the MDA-MB-231 cells, simvastatin elevated the levels of mutated p53R280K, which was remarkably active as a transcription factor. shRNA-derived inhibition of mutant p53R280K augmented the expression of CD44, leading to increased migration and invasion. Finally, we demonstrate an inverse correlation between expression of p53 and CD44 in the tumors of mice that received simvastatin. Our results reveal a unique function of statins, which foster enhanced expression of mutant p53R280K to prevent breast cancer cell metastasis to bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandi Charan Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vares G, Wang B, Tanaka K, Shang Y, Taki K, Nakajima T, Nenoi M. Gene silencing of Tead3 abrogates radiation-induced adaptive response in cultured mouse limb bud cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:39-46. [PMID: 21293071 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a crucial need to better understand the effects of low-doses of ionizing radiation in fetal models. Radiation-induced adaptive response (AR) was described in mouse embryos pre-exposed in utero to low-doses of X-rays, which exhibited lower apoptotic levels in the limb bud. We previously described AR-specific gene modulations in the mouse embryo. In this study, we evaluated the role of three candidate genes in the apoptotic AR in a micromass culture of limb bud cells: Csf1, Cacna1a and Tead3. Gene silencing of these three genes abrogated AR. Knowing that TEAD3 protein levels are significantly higher in adapted cells and that YAP/TAZ/TEAD are involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis, we suggest that modulation of Tead3 could play a role in the induction of AR in our model, seen as a reduction of radiation-induced apoptosis and a stimulation of proliferation and differentiation in limb bud cells.
Collapse
|
46
|
Mandal CC, Drissi H, Choudhury GG, Ghosh-Choudhury N. Integration of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt kinase, and Smad signaling pathway in BMP-2-induced osterix expression. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:533-40. [PMID: 20872216 PMCID: PMC3055166 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osterix (Osx), a BMP-2-regulated transcription factor, controls expression of genes essential for osteoblast differentiation. Using progressive deletion of the Osx promoter, we characterized a Smad binding element (SBE) between -552 and -839 bp from its transcription start site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed binding and in vivo recruitment of Smads 1 and 5 to the Osx SBE. Inactivation of PI 3-kinase by the pharmacologic inhibitor Ly294002 or by dominant negative (DN) enzyme significantly blocked BMP-2-induced Osx protein and mRNA expression and Osx transcription. Finally, both DN PI 3-kinase and DN Akt significantly attenuated Smad 5-dependent transcription of Osx, demonstrating the first evidence for a concerted action of PI 3-kinase/Akt signaling with BMP-specific Smads for expression of Osx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandi Charan Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA. VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen L, Jiang W, Huang J, He BC, Zuo GW, Zhang W, Luo Q, Shi Q, Zhang BQ, Wagner ER, Luo J, Tang M, Wietholt C, Luo X, Bi Y, Su Y, Liu B, Kim SH, He CJ, Hu Y, Shen J, Rastegar F, Huang E, Gao Y, Gao JL, Zhou JZ, Reid RR, Luu HH, Haydon RC, He TC, Deng ZL. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) potentiates BMP-9-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:2447-59. [PMID: 20499340 PMCID: PMC3179288 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient osteogenic differentiation and bone formation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) should have clinical applications in treating nonunion fracture healing. MSCs are adherent bone marrow stromal cells that can self-renew and differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. We have identified bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) as one of the most osteogenic BMPs. Here we investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) on BMP-9-induced bone formation. We have found that endogenous IGF-2 expression is low in MSCs. Expression of IGF-2 can potentiate BMP-9-induced early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of later markers. IGF-2 has been shown to augment BMP-9-induced ectopic bone formation in the stem cell implantation assay. In perinatal limb explant culture assay, IGF-2 enhances BMP-9-induced endochondral ossification, whereas IGF-2 itself can promote the expansion of the hypertropic chondrocyte zone of the cultured limb explants. Expression of the IGF antagonists IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 leads to inhibition of the IGF-2 effect on BMP-9-induced ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Mechanistically, IGF-2 is further shown to enhance the BMP-9-induced BMPR-Smad reporter activity and Smad1/5/8 nuclear translocation. PI3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 abolishes the IGF-2 potentiation effect on BMP-9-mediated osteogenic signaling and can directly inhibit BMP-9 activity. These results demonstrate that BMP-9 crosstalks with IGF-2 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that a combination of BMP-9 and IGF-2 may be explored as an effective bone-regeneration agent to treat large segmental bony defects, nonunion fracture, and/or osteoporotic fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Qiang Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric R Wagner
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaoji Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Su
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie H Kim
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Connie J He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Yawen Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jikun Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Farbod Rastegar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Enyi Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing UniversityChongqig, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiatong UniversityShanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Affiliated Hospitals, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mandal CC, Ghosh-Choudhury T, Yoneda T, Choudhury GG, Ghosh-Choudhury N. Fish oil prevents breast cancer cell metastasis to bone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:602-7. [PMID: 20971068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The data derived from epidemiological and animal models confirm a beneficial effect of fish oil (rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in the amelioration of tumor growth and progression, including breast cancer. The breast cancer patients often develop bone metastasis evidenced by osteolytic lesions, leading to severe pain and bone fracture. Using a mouse model of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell metastasis to bone, here we show that fish oil diet enriched in DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) prevents the formation of osteolytic lesions in bone, indicating suppression of cancer cell metastasis to bone. These results are supported by our data showing both DHA and EPA significantly attenuate the migration/invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in culture. The mechanism that limits breast cancer cells to selective metastasis to bone remains hitherto unexplored. Aberrant increased expression of CD44 is associated with generation of cancer stem cells, which contribute to metastasis of breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that DHA and EPA significantly inhibit the expression of CD44 protein and mRNA by a transcriptional mechanism. Furthermore, we show markedly reduced levels of CD44 mRNA and protein in the tumors of mice, which were fed fish oil diet than those in control diet. Our data provide the first evidence for a salutary effect of fish oil on breast cancer metastasis to bone. Our results identify a novel function of the fish oil active components, DHA and EPA, which target the cell-intrinsic pro-metastatic molecule CD44 to inhibit migration/invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandi Charan Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dey N, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Das F, Li X, Venkatesan B, Barnes JL, Kasinath BS, Ghosh Choudhury G. PRAS40 acts as a nodal regulator of high glucose-induced TORC1 activation in glomerular mesangial cell hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:27-41. [PMID: 20629086 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy manifests aberrant activation of TORC1, which senses key signals to modulate protein synthesis and renal hypertrophy. PRAS40 has recently been identified as a raptor-interacting protein and is a component and a constitutive inhibitor of TORC1. The mechanism by which high glucose stimulates TORC1 activity is not known. PRAS40 was identified in the mesangial cells in renal glomeruli and in tubulointerstitium of rat kidney. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal hypertrophy was associated with phosphorylation of PRAS40 in the cortex and glomeruli. In vitro, high glucose concentration increased PRAS40 phosphorylation in a PI 3 kinase- and Akt-dependent manner, resulting in dissociation of raptor-PRAS40 complex in mesangial cells. High glucose augmented the inactivating and activating phosphorylation of 4EBP-1 and S6 kinase, respectively, with concomitant induction of protein synthesis and hypertrophy. Expression of TORC1-nonphosphorylatable mutant of 4EBP-1 and dominant-negative S6 kinase significantly inhibited high glucose-induced protein synthesis and hypertrophy. PRAS40 knockdown mimicked the effect of high glucose on phosphorylation of 4EBP-1 and S6 kinase, protein synthesis, and hypertrophy. To elucidate the role of PRAS40 phosphorylation, we used phosphorylation-deficient mutant of PRAS40, which in contrast to PRAS40 knockdown inhibited phosphorylation of 4EBP-1 and S6 kinase, leading to reduced mesangial cell hypertrophy. Thus, our data identify high glucose-induced phosphorylation and inactivation of PRAS40 as a central node for mesangial cell hypertrophy in diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Dey
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Canalis E, Zanotti S, Beamer WG, Economides AN, Smerdel-Ramoya A. Connective tissue growth factor is required for skeletal development and postnatal skeletal homeostasis in male mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3490-501. [PMID: 20534727 PMCID: PMC2940511 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a member of the cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr 61), CTGF, nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) (CCN) family of proteins, is synthesized by osteoblasts, and its overexpression inhibits osteoblastogenesis and causes osteopenia. The global inactivation of Ctgf leads to defective endochondral bone formation and perinatal lethality; therefore, the consequences of Ctgf inactivation on the postnatal skeleton are not known. To study the function of CTGF, we generated Ctgf(+/LacZ) heterozygous null mice and tissue-specific null Ctgf mice by mating Ctgf conditional mice, where Ctgf is flanked by lox sequences with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the paired-related homeobox gene 1 (Prx1) enhancer (Prx1-Cre) or the osteocalcin promoter (Oc-Cre). Ctgf(+/LacZ) heterozygous mice exhibited transient osteopenia at 1 month of age secondary to decreased trabecular number. A similar osteopenic phenotype was observed in 1-month-old Ctgf conditional null male mice generated with Prx1-Cre, suggesting that the decreased trabecular number was secondary to impaired endochondral bone formation. In contrast, when the conditional deletion of Ctgf was achieved by Oc-Cre, an osteopenic phenotype was observed only in 6-month-old male mice. Osteoblast and osteoclast number, bone formation, and eroded surface were not affected in Ctgf heterozygous or conditional null mice. In conclusion, CTGF is necessary for normal skeletal development but to a lesser extent for postnatal skeletal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06105-1299, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|