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Kwak YT, Montalbano AP, Kelleher AM, Colon-Caraballo M, Kraus WL, Mahendroo M, Mendelson CR. Decline in corepressor CNOT1 in the pregnant myometrium near term impairs progesterone receptor function and increases contractile gene expression. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107484. [PMID: 38897566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4), acting via its nuclear receptor (PR), is critical for pregnancy maintenance by suppressing proinflammatory and contraction-associated protein (CAP)/contractile genes in the myometrium. P4/PR partially exerts these effects by tethering to NF-κB bound to their promot-ers, thereby decreasing NF-κB transcriptional activity. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby P4/PR interaction blocks proinflammatory and CAP gene expression are not fully understood. Herein, we characterized CCR-NOT transcription complex subunit 1 (CNOT1) as a corepressor that also interacts within the same chromatin complex as PR-B. In mouse myome-trium increased expression of CAP genes Oxtr and Cx43 at term coincided with a marked decline in expression and binding of CNOT1 to NF-κB-response elements within the Oxtr and Cx43 promoters. Increased CAP gene expression was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in enrichment of repressive histone marks and increase in enrichment of active histone marks to this genomic region. These changes in histone modification were associated with changes in expression of corresponding histone modifying enzymes. Myometrial tissues from P4-treated 18.5 dpc pregnant mice manifested increased Cnot1 expression at 18.5 dpc, compared to vehicle-treated controls. P4 treatment of PR-expressing hTERT-HM cells enhanced CNOT1 expression and its recruitment to PR bound NF-κB-response elements within the CX43 and OXTR promoters. Furthermore, knockdown of CNOT1 significantly increased expression of contractile genes. These novel findings suggest that decreased expression and DNA-binding of the P4/PR-regulated transcriptional corepressor CNOT1 near term and associated changes in histone modifications at the OXTR and CX43 promoters contribute to the induction of myometrial contractility leading to parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Tae Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alina P Montalbano
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew M Kelleher
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mariano Colon-Caraballo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mala Mahendroo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Guan Z, Worth B, Umstead TM, Amatya S, Booth J, Chroneos ZC. Disruption of the SP-A/SP-R210 L (MYO18Aα) pathway prolongs gestation and reduces fetal survival during lipopolysaccharide-induced parturition in late gestation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L508-L513. [PMID: 38349123 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00383.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged labor can lead to infection, fetal distress, asphyxia, and life-threatening harm to both the mother and the baby. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) was shown to contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy and timing of term labor. SP-A modulates the stoichiometric expression of the SP-R210L and SP-R210S isoforms of the SP-R210 receptor on alveolar macrophages (AMs). Lack of SP-R210L dysregulates macrophage inflammatory responses. We asked whether SP-A alters normal and inflammation-induced parturition through SP-R210 using SP-A- and SP-R210L-deficient mice. Labor and delivery of time-pregnant mice were monitored in real time using a time-lapse infrared camera. Intrauterine injection with either vehicle or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on embryonic (E) day 18.5 post coitus was used to assess the effect of gene disruption in chorioamnionitis-induced labor. We report that either lack of SP-A or disruption of SP-R210L delays parturition by 0.40 and 0.55 days compared with controls, respectively. LPS induced labor at 0.60, 1.01, 0.40, 1.00, and 1.31 days earlier than PBS controls in wild type (WT), SP-A-deficient, littermate controls, heterozygous, and homozygous SP-R210L-deficient mice, respectively. Lack of SP-A reduced litter size in PBS-treated mice, whereas the total number of pups delivered was similar in all LPS-treated mice. The number of live pups, however, was significantly reduced by 50%-70% in SP-A and SP-R210L-deficient mice compared with controls. Differences in gestational length were not associated with intrauterine growth restriction. The present findings support the novel concept that the SP-A/SP-R210 pathway modulates timely labor and delivery and supports fetal lung barrier integrity during fetal-to-neonatal transition in term pregnancy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that SP-A prevents delay of labor and inflammation-induced stillbirth through the receptor SP-R210L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guan
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Brandon Worth
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shaili Amatya
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jennifer Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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Eluu SC, Obayemi JD, Salifu AA, Yiporo D, Oko AO, Aina T, Oparah JC, Ezeala CC, Etinosa PO, Ugwu CM, Esimone CO, Soboyejo WO. In-vivo studies of targeted and localized cancer drug release from microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:31. [PMID: 38167999 PMCID: PMC10761815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is challenging and frequently characterized by an aggressive phenotype and low prognosis in comparison to other subtypes. This paper presents fabricated implantable drug-loaded microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the delivery of targeted therapeutic agents [Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated paclitaxel (PTX-LHRH) and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated prodigiosin (PG-LHRH)] for the treatment and possible prevention of triple-negative cancer recurrence. In vitro assessment using the Alamar blue assay demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in percentage of cell growth in a time-dependent manner in the groups treated with PG, PG-LHRH, PTX, and PTX-LHRH. Subcutaneous triple-negative xenograft breast tumors were then induced in athymic female nude mice that were four weeks old. Two weeks later, the tumors were surgically but partially removed, and the device implanted. Mice were observed for tumor regrowth and organ toxicity. The animal study revealed that there was no tumor regrowth, six weeks post-treatment, when the LHRH targeted drugs (LHRH-PTX and LHRH-PGS) were used for the treatment. The possible cytotoxic effects of the released drugs on the liver, kidney, and lung are assessed using quantitative biochemical assay from blood samples of the treatment groups. Ex vivo histopathological results from organ tissues showed that the targeted cancer drugs released from the implantable drug-loaded device did not induce any adverse effect on the liver, kidneys, or lungs, based on the results of qualitative toxicity studies. The implications of the results are discussed for the targeted and localized treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Eluu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - J D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Centre, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - A A Salifu
- Department of Engineering, Morrissey College of Arts and Science, Boston College, Boston, USA
| | - D Yiporo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ashesi University, Berekuso, Ghana
| | - A O Oko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, David Umahi Federal, University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Nigeria
| | - T Aina
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - J C Oparah
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C C Ezeala
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - P O Etinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - C M Ugwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - C O Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Centre, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 100 Seymour Rd, Utica, NY, 13502, USA.
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Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a critical component of lung function in healthy individuals. It functions in part by lowering surface tension in the alveoli, thereby allowing for breathing with minimal effort. The prevailing thinking is that low surface tension is attained by a compression-driven squeeze-out of unsaturated phospholipids during exhalation, forming a film enriched in saturated phospholipids that achieves surface tensions close to zero. A thorough review of past and recent literature suggests that the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism may be erroneous. Here, we posit that a surfactant film enriched in saturated lipids is formed shortly after birth by an adsorption-driven sorting process and that its composition does not change during normal breathing. We provide biophysical evidence for the rapid formation of an enriched film at high surfactant concentrations, facilitated by adsorption structures containing hydrophobic surfactant proteins. We examine biophysical evidence for and against the compression-driven squeeze-out mechanism and propose a new model for surfactant function. The proposed model is tested against existing physiological and pathophysiological evidence in neonatal and adult lungs, leading to ideas for biophysical research, that should be addressed to establish the physiological relevance of this new perspective on the function of the mighty thin film that surfactant provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Possmayer
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manon, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96826, United States
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Nils O Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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5
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Crocker CE, Sharmeen R, Tran TT, Khan AM, Li W, Alcorn JL. Surfactant protein a attenuates generalized and localized neuroinflammation in neonatal mice. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148308. [PMID: 36871846 PMCID: PMC10065943 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) has important roles in innate immunity and modulation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary inflammation. Given SP-A has been detected in rat and human brain, we sought to determine if SP-A has a role in modulating inflammation in the neonatal mouse brain. Neonatal wildtype (WT) and SP-A-deficient (SP-A-/-) mice were subjected to three models of brain inflammation: systemic sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Following each intervention, RNA was isolated from brain tissue and expression of cytokine and SP-A mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In the sepsis model, expression of most cytokine mRNAs was significantly increased in brains of WT and SP-A-/- mice with significantly greater expression of all cytokine mRNA levels in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. In the IVH model, expression of all cytokine mRNAs was significantly increased in WT and SP-A-/- mice and levels of most cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. In the HIE model, only TNF-α mRNA levels were significantly increased in WT brain tissue while all pro-inflammtory cytokine mRNAs were significantly increased in SP-A-/- mice, and all pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were significantly higher in SP-A-/- mice compared to WT. SP-A mRNA was not detectable in brain tissue of adult WT mice nor in WT neonates subjected to these models. These results suggest that SP-A-/- neonatal mice subjected to models of neuroinflammation are more susceptible to both generalized and localized neuroinflammation compared to WT mice, thus supporting the hypothesis that SP-A attenuates inflammation in neonatal mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Crocker
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thu T Tran
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amir M Khan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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The amniotic fluid proteome changes with term labor and informs biomarker discovery in maternal plasma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3136. [PMID: 36823217 PMCID: PMC9950459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intra-uterine components of labor, namely, myometrial contractility, cervical ripening, and decidua/membrane activation, have been extensively characterized and involve a local pro-inflammatory milieu of cellular and soluble immune mediators. Targeted profiling has demonstrated that such processes extend to the intra-amniotic space, yet unbiased analyses of the proteome of human amniotic fluid during labor are lacking. Herein, we utilized an aptamer-based platform to characterize 1,310 amniotic fluid proteins and found that the proteome undergoes substantial changes with term labor (251 proteins with differential abundance, q < 0.1, and fold change > 1.25). Proteins with increased abundance in labor are enriched for immune and inflammatory processes, consistent with prior reports of labor-associated changes in the intra-uterine space. By integrating the amniotic fluid proteome with previously generated placental-derived single-cell RNA-seq data, we demonstrated the labor-driven upregulation of signatures corresponding to stromal-3 and decidual cells. We also determined that changes in amniotic fluid protein abundance are reflected in the maternal plasma proteome. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the amniotic fluid proteome in term labor and support its potential use as a source of biomarkers to distinguish between true and false labor by using maternal blood samples.
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Kyathanahalli C, Snedden M, Hirsch E. Is human labor at term an inflammatory condition?†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:23-40. [PMID: 36173900 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parturition at term in normal pregnancy follows a predictable sequence of events. There is some evidence that a state of inflammation prevails in the reproductive tissues during labor at term, but it is uncertain whether this phenomenon is the initiating signal for parturition. The absence of a clear temporal sequence of inflammatory events prior to labor casts doubt on the concept that normal human labor at term is primarily the result of an inflammatory cascade. This review examines evidence linking parturition and inflammation in order to address whether inflammation is a cause of labor, a consequence of labor, or a separate but related phenomenon. Finally, we identify and suggest ways to reconcile inconsistencies regarding definitions of labor onset in published research, which may contribute to the variability in conclusions regarding the genesis and maintenance of parturition. A more thorough understanding of the processes underlying normal parturition at term may lead to novel insights regarding abnormal labor, including spontaneous preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes, and dysfunctional labor, and the role of inflammation in each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madeline Snedden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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8
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Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Animal Models: Inflammatory Process, Apoptosis, and Surfactant Inactivation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233310. [PMID: 36496831 PMCID: PMC9740025 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome is a condition that causes respiratory distress in newborns due to occlusion and airway inflammation, and surfactant inactivation by meconium. This condition has been described in animal species such as canids, sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, and marine mammals. In its pathogenesis, the pulmonary epithelium activates a limited inflammatory response initiated by cytokines causing leukocyte chemotaxis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and pathogen destruction. Likewise, cytokines release participates in the apoptosis processes of pneumocytes due to the interaction of angiotensin with cytokines and the caspase pathway. Due to these reactions, the prevalent signs are lung injury, hypoxia, acidosis, and pneumonia with susceptibility to infection. Given the importance of the pathophysiological mechanism of meconium aspiration syndrome, this review aims to discuss the relevance of the syndrome in veterinary medicine. The inflammatory processes caused by meconium aspiration in animal models will be analyzed, and the cellular apoptosis and biochemical processes of pulmonary surfactant inactivation will be discussed.
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Wan S, Chen P, Gu M, Liu J, Zhou Q, Zhang F, Lu Y, Li L, Wang X. Fetal Lung-Derived Exosomes in Term Labor Amniotic Fluid Induce Amniotic Membrane Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:889861. [PMID: 35859898 PMCID: PMC9289145 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.889861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of parturition is still unclear. Evidence has shown that delivery is associated with cellular senescence of the amniotic membrane. We isolated fetal lung-associated exosomes from the amniotic fluid from term labor (TL-exos) and verified that the exosomes can cause primary human amniotic epithelial cell (hAEC) senescence and apoptosis and can release higher levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related molecules and proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) than exosomes isolated from the amniotic fluid from term not in labor (TNIL-exos). The human lung carcinoma cell lines (A549) can be used as an alternative to alveolar type 2 epithelial cells producing pulmonary surfactant. Therefore, we isolated A549 cell-derived exosomes (A549-exos) and found that they can trigger hAEC to undergo the same aging process. Finally, the animal experiments suggested that A549-exos induced vaginal bleeding and preterm labor in pregnant mice. Therefore, we conclude that exosomes derived from fetal lungs in term labor amniotic fluid induce amniotic membrane senescence, which may provide new insight into the mechanism of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengzheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengqi Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Yuan Lu, ; Xietong Wang,
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Yuan Lu, ; Xietong Wang,
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Care of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- The Laboratory of Placenta-Related Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Yuan Lu, ; Xietong Wang,
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Yomogita H, Miyasaka N, Kanai-Azuma M. A Review of Delayed Delivery Models and the Analysis Method in Mice. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10020020. [PMID: 35645296 PMCID: PMC9149829 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the incidence of post-term delivery is 1–10%. Post-term delivery significantly increases the risk of cesarean section or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Despite these serious challenges, the cause of prolonged delivery remains unclear. Several common factors of delayed parturition between mice and humans will help elucidate the mechanisms of pregnancy and labor. At present, gene modification techniques are rapidly developing; however, there are limited reviews available describing the mouse phenotype analysis as a human model for post-term delivery. We classified the delayed-labor mice into nine types according to their causes. In mice, progesterone (P₄) maintains pregnancy, and the most common cause of delayed labor is luteolysis failure. Other contributing factors include humoral molecules in the fetus/placenta, uterine contractile dysfunction, poor cervical ripening, and delayed implantation. The etiology of delayed parturition is overexpression of the pregnancy maintenance mechanism or suppression of the labor induction mechanism. Here, we describe how to investigated their causes using mouse genetic analysis. In addition, we generated a list to identify the causes. Our review will help understand the findings obtained using the mouse model, providing a foundation for conducting more systematic research on delayed delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yomogita
- Department of Perinatal and Women’s Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
- Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Perinatal and Women’s Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.M.)
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +813-3813-6111
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Honda A, Hoeksema MA, Sakai M, Lund SJ, Lakhdari O, Butcher LD, Rambaldo TC, Sekiya NM, Nasamran CA, Fisch KM, Sajti E, Glass CK, Prince LS. The Lung Microenvironment Instructs Gene Transcription in Neonatal and Adult Alveolar Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1947-1959. [PMID: 35354612 PMCID: PMC9012679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immaturity of alveolar macrophages (AMs) around birth contributes to the susceptibility of newborns to lung disease. However, the molecular features differentiating neonatal and mature, adult AMs are poorly understood. In this study, we identify the unique transcriptomes and enhancer landscapes of neonatal and adult AMs in mice. Although the core AM signature was similar, murine adult AMs expressed higher levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, whereas neonatal AMs expressed a largely proinflammatory gene profile. Open enhancer regions identified by an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin followed by high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) contained motifs for nuclear receptors, MITF, and STAT in adult AMs and AP-1 and NF-κB in neonatal AMs. Intranasal LPS activated a similar innate immune response in both neonatal and adult mice, with higher basal expression of inflammatory genes in neonates. The lung microenvironment drove many of the distinguishing gene expression and open chromatin characteristics of neonatal and adult AMs. Neonatal mouse AMs retained high expression of some proinflammatory genes, suggesting that the differences in neonatal AMs result from both inherent cell properties and environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Honda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sean J Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Omar Lakhdari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Lindsay D Butcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lawrence S Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA;
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12
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Menon R. Fetal inflammatory response at the fetomaternal interface: A requirement for labor at term and preterm. Immunol Rev 2022; 308:149-167. [PMID: 35285967 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human parturition at term and preterm is an inflammatory process synchronously executed by both fetomaternal tissues to transition them from a quiescent state t an active state of labor to ensure delivery. The initiators of the inflammatory signaling mechanism can be both maternal and fetal. The placental (fetal)-maternal immune and endocrine mediated homeostatic imbalances and inflammation are well reported. However, the fetal inflammatory response (FIR) theories initiated by the fetal membranes (amniochorion) at the choriodecidual interface are not well established. Although immune cell migration, activation, and production of proparturition cytokines to the fetal membranes are reported, cellular level events that can generate a unique set of inflammation are not well discussed. This review discusses derangements to fetal membrane cells (physiologically and pathologically at term and preterm, respectively) in response to both endogenous and exogenous factors to generate inflammatory signals. In addition, the mechanisms of inflammatory signal propagation (fetal signaling of parturition) and how these signals cause immune imbalances at the choriodecidual interface are discussed. In addition to maternal inflammation, this review projects FIR as an additional mediator of inflammatory overload required to promote parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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13
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Preterm Labor, a Syndrome Attributed to the Combination of External and Internal Factors. MATERNAL-FETAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/fm9.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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14
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ARAKI M, OHTAKI T, KIMURA J, HOBO S, TAYA K, TSUNODA N, TANIYAMA H, TSUMAGARI S, NAMBO Y. Presence of surfactant proteins in the uteri and placentae of pregnant mares. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1167-1172. [PMID: 34135243 PMCID: PMC8349814 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical investigations of the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the uterine and placental tissues of 13 pregnant mares were performed using anti-horse monoclonal primary antibodies. Strong positive reactions for both SP-A and SP-D were observed in the trophoblasts in the microcotyledons of the placentae at 182 to 314 days of gestation; in uterine glandular epithelial cells, faint-to-weak reactions were observed during gestation. This study describes, for the first time, the changes in the SP-A and SP-D expression levels in the endometrium of mares during gestation; the SP-A and SP-D expression levels increased after the second trimester of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadatoshi OHTAKI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Junpei KIMURA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seiji HOBO
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi TAYA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of
Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Shadai Corporation, 275 Hayakitagenbu, Abira-cho, Yufutsu-gun, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
| | - Nobuo TSUNODA
- Shadai Corporation, 275 Hayakitagenbu, Abira-cho, Yufutsu-gun, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
| | | | - Shigehisa TSUMAGARI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Yasuo NAMBO
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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15
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Liu L, Aron CZ, Grable CM, Robles A, Liu X, Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Rhoads JM, Alcorn JL. Surfactant protein A reduces TLR4 and inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in neonatal mouse ileum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2593. [PMID: 33510368 PMCID: PMC7843620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of intestinal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) impact inflammation in the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. While surfactant protein A (SP-A) is known to regulate TLR4 in the lung, it also reduces intestinal damage, TLR4 and inflammation in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal rats. We hypothesized that SP-A-deficient (SP-A-/-) mice have increased ileal TLR4 and inflammatory cytokine levels compared to wild type mice, impacting intestinal physiology. We found that ileal TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly higher in infant SP-A-/- mice compared to wild type mice. Gavage of neonatal SP-A-/- mice with purified SP-A reduced ileal TLR4 protein levels. SP-A reduced expression of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines in normal human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs74int), suggesting a direct effect. However, incubation of gastrointestinal cell lines with proteasome inhibitors did not abrogate the effect of SP-A on TLR4 protein levels, suggesting that proteasomal degradation is not involved. In a mouse model of experimental NEC, SP-A-/- mice were more susceptible to intestinal stress resembling NEC, while gavage with SP-A significantly decreased ileal damage, TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. Our data suggests that SP-A has an extrapulmonary role in the intestinal health of neonatal mice by modulating TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines mRNA expression in intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chaim Z Aron
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Suite 3.222, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cullen M Grable
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adrian Robles
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangli Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicole Y Fatheree
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Suite 3.222, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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16
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Depicolzuane L, Phelps DS, Floros J. Surfactant Protein-A Function: Knowledge Gained From SP-A Knockout Mice. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:799693. [PMID: 35071140 PMCID: PMC8777267 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.799693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant proteins have many roles in surfactant- related functions and innate immunity. One of these proteins is the surfactant protein A (SP-A) that plays a role in both surfactant-related processes and host defense and is the focus in this review. SP-A interacts with the sentinel host defense cell in the alveolus, the alveolar macrophage (AM), to modulate its function and expression profile under various conditions, as well as other alveolar epithelial cells such as the Type II cell. Via these interactions, SP-A has an impact on the alveolar microenvironment. SP-A is also important for surfactant structure and function. Much of what is understood of the function of SP-A and its various roles in lung health has been learned from SP-A knockout (KO) mouse experiments, as reviewed here. A vast majority of this work has been done with infection models that are bacterial, viral, and fungal in nature. Other models have also been used, including those of bleomycin-induced lung injury and ozone-induced oxidative stress either alone or in combination with an infectious agent, bone marrow transplantation, and other. In addition, models investigating the effects of SP-A on surfactant components or surfactant structure have contributed important information. SP-A also appears to play a role in pathways involved in sex differences in response to infection and/or oxidative stress, as well as at baseline conditions. To date, this is the first review to provide a comprehensive report of the functions of SP-A as learned through KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Floros
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA, United States.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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17
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Reuschel E, Toelge M, Haeusler S, Deml L, Seelbach-Goebel B, Solano ME. Perinatal Gram-Positive Bacteria Exposure Elicits Distinct Cytokine Responses In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010332. [PMID: 33396944 PMCID: PMC7795300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, infections caused by the gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalacticae (S. agalacticae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are major reasons for preterm labor, neonatal prematurity, meningitis, or sepsis. Here, we propose cytokine responses to bacterial infections by the immature perinatal immune system as central players in the pathogenesis of preterm birth and neonatal sepsis. We aimed to close the gap in knowledge about such cytokine responses by stimulating freshly isolated umbilical blood mononuclear cells (UBMC) with lysates of E. faecalis, S. agalacticae, and S. aureus collected from pregnant women in preterm labor. Bacterial lysates and, principally, S. aureus and S. agalacticae distinctly triggered most of the eleven inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, TH1/TH2 cytokines, and chemokines quantified in UBMC culture media. Chemokines depicted the most robust induction. Among them, MIP-1β was further enhanced in UBMC from female compered to male newborn infants. Due to its stability and high levels, we investigated the diagnostic value of IL-8. IL-8 was critically upregulated in cord blood of preterm neonates suffering from infections compared to gestational age-matched controls. Our results provide novel clues about perinatal immunity, underscoring a potential value of IL-8 for the timely detection of infections and suggesting that MIP-1β constitutes an early determinant of sex-specific immunity, which may contribute, e.g., to male’s vulnerability to preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Reuschel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Martina Toelge
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Sebastian Haeusler
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Ludwig Deml
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Birgit Seelbach-Goebel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (M.E.S.)
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18
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Chen J, Mishra R, Yu Y, McDonald JG, Eckert KM, Gao L, Mendelson CR. Decreased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in lungs of steroid receptor coactivator (Src)-1/-2 double-deficient fetal mice is caused by impaired glucocorticoid and cytokine signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:16243-16261. [PMID: 33070362 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001809r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research revealed that steroid receptor coactivators (Src)-1 and -2 serve a critical cooperative role in production of parturition signals, surfactant protein A and platelet-activating factor, by the developing mouse fetal lung (MFL). To identify the global landscape of genes in MFL affected by Src-1/-2 double-deficiency, we conducted RNA-seq analysis of lungs from 18.5 days post-coitum (dpc) Src-1-/- /-2-/- (dKO) vs. WT fetuses. One of the genes most highly downregulated (~4.8 fold) in Src-1/-2 dKO fetal lungs encodes 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which catalyzes conversion of inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligand, corticosterone. Glucocorticoids were reported to upregulate 11β-HSD1 expression in various cell types via induction of C/EBP transcription factors. We observed that C/ebpα and C/ebpβ mRNA and protein were markedly reduced in Src-1/-2 double-deficient (Src-1/-2d/d ) fetal lungs, compared to WT. Moreover, glucocorticoid induction of 11β-hsd1, C/ebpα and C/ebpβ in cultured MFL epithelial cells was prevented by the SRC family inhibitor, SI-2. Cytokines also contribute to the induction of 11β-HSD1. Expression of IL-1β and TNFα, which dramatically increased toward term in lungs of WT fetuses, was markedly reduced in Src-1/-2d/d fetal lungs. Our collective findings suggest that impaired lung development and surfactant synthesis in Src-1/-2d/d fetuses are likely caused, in part, by decreased GR and cytokine induction of C/EBP and NF-κB transcription factors. This results in reduced 11β-HSD1 expression and glucocorticoid signaling within the fetal lung, causing a break in the glucocorticoid-induced positive feedforward loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ritu Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Eckert
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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19
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Green ES, Arck PC. Pathogenesis of preterm birth: bidirectional inflammation in mother and fetus. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:413-429. [PMID: 32894326 PMCID: PMC7508962 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) complicates 5–18% of pregnancies globally and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most PTB is spontaneous and idiopathic, with largely undefined causes. To increase understanding of PTB, much research in recent years has focused on using animal models to recapitulate the pathophysiology of PTB. Dysfunctions of maternal immune adaptations have been implicated in a range of pregnancy pathologies, including PTB. A wealth of evidence arising from mouse models as well as human studies is now available to support that PTB results from a breakdown in fetal-maternal tolerance, along with excessive, premature inflammation. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of the bidirectional communication between fetal and maternal systems and its role in the immunopathogenesis of PTB. These recent insights significantly advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of PTB, which is essential to ultimately designing more effective strategies for early prediction and subsequent prevention of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Shana Green
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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20
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Menon R, Behnia F, Polettini J, Richardson LS. Novel pathways of inflammation in human fetal membranes associated with preterm birth and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:431-450. [PMID: 32785751 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes (pPROM) are major pregnancy complications. Although PTB and pPROM have common etiologies, they arise from distinct pathophysiologic pathways. Inflammation is a common underlying mechanism in both conditions. Balanced inflammation is required for fetoplacental growth; however, overwhelming inflammation (physiologic at term and pathologic at preterm) can lead to term and preterm parturition. A lack of effective strategies to control inflammation and reduce the risk of PTB and pPROM suggests that there are several modes of the generation of inflammation which may be dependent on the type of uterine tissue. The avascular fetal membrane (amniochorion), which provides structure, support, and protection to the intrauterine cavity, is one of the key contributors of inflammation. Localized membrane inflammation helps tissue remodeling during pregnancy. Two unique mechanisms that generate balanced inflammation are the progressive development of senescence (aging) and cyclic cellular transitions: epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal to epithelial (MET). The intrauterine build-up of oxidative stress at term or in response to risk factors (preterm) can accelerate senescence and promote a terminal state of EMT, resulting in the accumulation of inflammation. Inflammation degrades the matrix and destabilizes membrane function. Inflammatory mediators from damaged membranes are propagated via extracellular vesicles (EV) to maternal uterine tissues and transition quiescent maternal uterine tissues into an active state of labor. Membrane inflammation and its propagation are fetal signals that may promote parturition. This review summarizes the mechanisms of fetal membrane cellular senescence, transitions, and the generation of inflammation that contributes to term and preterm parturitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, MRB 11.138, 301 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA.
| | - Faranak Behnia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jossimara Polettini
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Passo Fundo, Rua Capitão Araujo, 20, Centro, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lauren S Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, MRB 11.138, 301 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
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21
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Serum Levels of Collectins Are Sustained During Pregnancy: Surfactant Protein D Levels Are Dysregulated Prior to Missed Abortion. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1894-1908. [PMID: 32710236 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
About 15% of pregnant women undergo missed abortion (MA), wherein women do not experience cramping and vaginal bleeding. Dysregulation of the immune molecules and steroid hormones contribute to early pregnancy loss. Collectins- surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are a group of innate immune molecules regulated by the steroid hormones. Reduced levels of SP-A and SP-D during the early gestation exhibited a significant association with the severe early onset preeclampsia. In order to determine the serum profile of collectins throughout the normal pregnancy and explore their predictive potential during the 8-12 weeks of gestation for MA, we examined a prospective cohort of pregnant women (n = 221). The serum levels of SP-A and SP-D were significantly downregulated in the normal pregnant women in all the three trimesters (n = 30) compared with the non-pregnant women (n = 20) and were not significantly different across the three trimesters. Fourteen of the women from the cohort underwent MA during the 14-20 weeks of gestation and exhibited a significant downregulation in the serum levels of SP-D during 8-12 weeks of gestation. A significant inhibition of the HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and migration in the presence of a recombinant fragment of human SP-D suggested the relevance of SP-D in placental development. We report here that the serum levels of SP-A, SP-D, and MBL are consistently maintained during pregnancy in the Indian cohort. Dysregulated serum levels of SP-D and P4/E2 ratio during the early first trimester may predict occurrence of MA.
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22
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Ijabi J, Afrisham R, Moradi-Sardareh H, Roozehdar P, Seifi F, Ijabi R. The Correlation of SKA2 with Cortisol, IL-1β and Anxiety in Pregnant Women with the Risk of Preterm Delivery. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:387-394. [PMID: 32375462 PMCID: PMC7265031 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between preterm birth (PTB), Spindle and Kinetochore Associated Complex Subunit 2 gene (SKA2), cortisol and anxiety have been shown, but in this study, we aimed to clarify whether the expression of the SKA2 gene plays a role in interleukin1β (IL-1β) level since increasing level of IL-1β is linked with PTB. METHODS The case-control study was conducted on 49 and 51 women with preterm and term delivery, respectively. The score of anxiety was ranked according to the Spielberger state trait Anxiety Inventory. The concentration of cortisol and IL-1β was determined by the ELISA method. The expression of SKA2 gene was assessed by the quantitative real time real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The western blot analysis was also performed to confirm the expression of SKA2 at the levels of protein. RESULTS The results showed that the gene/protein expression of SKA2, the concentrations of cortisol and IL-1β were significantly higher in the preterm than the term group. In the preterm group, the expression of SKA2 was positively correlated to the other factors including cortisol, IL-1β, and the degree of anxiety. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the expression of SKA2 was correlated positively to the levels of cortisol, IL-1β and the rate of anxiety in women with PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janat Ijabi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemen Moradi-Sardareh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Roozehdar
- Department of Medical Veterinary, Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seifi
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Ijabi
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Robertson SA, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Chin PY, Moldenhauer LM, Stark MJ, Olson DM, Keelan JA. Targeting Toll-like receptor-4 to tackle preterm birth and fetal inflammatory injury. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1121. [PMID: 32313651 PMCID: PMC7156293 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, 15 million pregnancies end prematurely, resulting in more than 1 million infant deaths and long-term health consequences for many children. The physiological processes of labour and birth involve essential roles for immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in gestational tissues. There is compelling evidence that the mechanisms underlying spontaneous preterm birth are initiated when a premature and excessive inflammatory response is triggered by infection or other causes. Exposure to pro-inflammatory mediators is emerging as a major factor in the 'fetal inflammatory response syndrome' that often accompanies preterm birth, where unscheduled effects in fetal tissues interfere with normal development and predispose to neonatal morbidity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical upstream gatekeepers of inflammatory activation. TLR4 is prominently involved through its ability to sense and integrate signals from a range of microbial and endogenous triggers to provoke and perpetuate inflammation. Preclinical studies have identified TLR4 as an attractive pharmacological target to promote uterine quiescence and protect the fetus from inflammatory injury. Novel small-molecule inhibitors of TLR4 signalling, specifically the non-opioid receptor antagonists (+)-naloxone and (+)-naltrexone, are proving highly effective in animal models for preventing preterm birth induced by bacterial mimetic LPS, heat-killed Escherichia coli, or the TLR4-dependent pro-inflammatory lipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF). Here, we summarise the rationale for targeting TLR4 as a master regulator of inflammation in fetal and gestational tissues, and the potential utility of TLR4 antagonists as candidates for preventative and therapeutic application in preterm delivery and fetal inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia.,ARC Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health Rockville MD USA
| | - Peck-Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Michael J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - David M Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Physiology and Pediatrics 220 HMRC University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
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Wahid HH, Chin PY, Sharkey DJ, Diener KR, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Antagonist (+)-Naltrexone Protects Against Carbamyl-Platelet Activating Factor (cPAF)-Induced Preterm Labor in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1030-1045. [PMID: 32084361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm labor is frequently caused by an inflammatory response in the gestational tissues elicited by either infectious or sterile agents. In sterile preterm labor, the key regulators of inflammation are not identified, but platelet-activating factor (PAF) is implicated as a potential rate-limiting effector agent. Since Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 can amplify PAF signaling, we evaluated whether TLR4 contributes to inflammation and fetal loss in a mouse model of PAF-induced sterile preterm labor, and whether a small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor, (+)-naltrexone, can mitigate adverse PAF-induced effects. The administration of carbamyl (c)-PAF caused preterm labor and fetal loss in wild-type mice but not in TLR4-deficient mice. Treatment with (+)-naltrexone prevented preterm delivery and alleviated fetal demise in utero elicited after cPAF administered by i.p. or intrauterine routes. Pups born after cPAF and (+)-naltrexone treatment exhibited comparable rates of postnatal survival and growth to carrier-treated controls. (+)-Naltrexone suppressed the cPAF-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b, Il6, and Il10 in the decidua; Il6, Il12b, and Il10 in the myometrium; and Il1b and Il6 in the placenta. These data demonstrate that the TLR4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone inhibits the inflammatory cascade induced by cPAF, preventing preterm birth and perinatal death. The inhibition of TLR4 signaling warrants further investigation as a candidate strategy for fetal protection and delay of preterm birth elicited by sterile stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Wahid
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerrilyn R Diener
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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25
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Kale K, Vishwekar P, Balsarkar G, Jassawalla MJ, Sawant G, Madan T. Differential levels of surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, and progesterone to estradiol ratio in maternal serum before and after the onset of severe early‐onset preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 83:e13208. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kale
- Department of Innate Immunity ICMR‐National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health Mumbai India
| | - Pallavi Vishwekar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Navi Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Geetha Balsarkar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital Mumbai India
| | | | - Ganpat Sawant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Navi Mumbai Mumbai India
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity ICMR‐National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health Mumbai India
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Chin PY, Dorian C, Sharkey DJ, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Antagonist (+)-Naloxone Confers Sexually Dimorphic Protection From Inflammation-Induced Fetal Programming in Mice. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2646-2662. [PMID: 31504393 PMCID: PMC6936318 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation elicited by infection or noninfectious insults during gestation induces proinflammatory cytokines that can shift the trajectory of development to alter offspring phenotype, promote adiposity, and increase susceptibility to metabolic disease in later life. In this study, we use mice to investigate the utility of a small molecule Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 antagonist (+)-naloxone, the nonopioid isomer of the opioid receptor antagonist (-)-naloxone, for mitigating altered fetal metabolic programming induced by a modest systemic inflammatory challenge in late gestation. In adult progeny exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in utero, male but not female offspring exhibited elevated adipose tissue, reduced muscle mass, and elevated plasma leptin at 20 weeks of age. Effects were largely reversed by coadministration of (+)-naloxone following LPS. When given alone without LPS, (+)-naloxone elicited accelerated postweaning growth and elevated muscle and fat mass in adult male but not female offspring. LPS induced expression of inflammatory cytokines Il1a, Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Il10 in fetal brain, placental, and uterine tissues, and (+)-naloxone suppressed LPS-induced cytokine expression. Fetal sex-specific regulation of cytokine expression was evident, with higher Il1a, Il1b, Il6, and Il10 induced by LPS in tissues associated with male fetuses, and greater suppression by (+)-naloxone of Il6 in females. These data demonstrate that modulating TLR4 signaling with (+)-naloxone provides protection from inflammatory diversion of fetal developmental programming in utero, associated with attenuation of gestational tissue cytokine expression in a fetal sex-specific manner. The results suggest that pharmacologic interventions targeting TLR4 warrant evaluation for attenuating developmental programming effects of fetal exposure to maternal inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Camilla Dorian
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence: Sarah A. Robertson, PhD, Robinson Research Institute and the Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. E-mail:
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Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Leng Y, Xu Y, Slutsky R, Levenson D, Pacora P, Jung E, Panaitescu B, Hsu CD. The origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages in women with intra-amniotic inflammation or infection. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:822-840. [PMID: 31494640 PMCID: PMC7062293 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Monocytes, after neutrophils, are the most abundant white blood cells found in the amniotic cavity of women with intra-amniotic inflammation/infection. However, the origin of such cells has not been fully investigated. Herein, we determined (1) the origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages from women with intra-amniotic inflammation/infection, (2) the relationship between the origin of amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages and preterm or term delivery and (3) the localization of monocytes/macrophages in the placental tissues. Methods Amniotic fluid samples (n = 16) were collected from women with suspected intra-amniotic inflammation or infection. Amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and DNA fingerprinting was performed. Blinded placental histopathological evaluations were conducted. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CD14+ monocytes/macrophages in the placental tissues. Results DNA fingerprinting revealed that (1) 56.25% (9/16) of amniotic fluid samples had mostly fetal monocytes/macrophages, (2) 37.5% (6/16) had predominantly maternal monocytes/macrophages and (3) one sample (6.25% [1/16]) had a mixture of fetal and maternal monocytes/macrophages. (4) Most samples with predominantly fetal monocytes/macrophages were from women who delivered early preterm neonates (77.8% [7/9]), whereas all samples with mostly maternal monocytes/macrophages or a mixture of both were from women who delivered term or late preterm neonates (100% [7/7]). (5) Most of the women included in this study presented acute maternal and fetal inflammatory responses in the placenta (85.7% [12/14]). (6) Women who had mostly fetal monocytes/macrophages in amniotic fluid had abundant CD14+ cells in the umbilical cord and chorionic plate, whereas women with mostly maternal amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages had abundant CD14+ cells in the chorioamniotic membranes. Conclusion Amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages can be of either fetal or maternal origin, or a mixture of both, in women with intra-amniotic inflammation or infection. These immune cells could be derived from the fetal and maternal vasculature of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca Slutsky
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dustyn Levenson
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Solan JL, Márquez-Rosado L, Lampe PD. Cx43 phosphorylation-mediated effects on ERK and Akt protect against ischemia reperfusion injury and alter the stability of the stress-inducible protein NDRG1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11762-11771. [PMID: 31189653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions contain intercellular channels that enable intercellular communication of small molecules while also serving as a signaling scaffold. Connexins, the proteins that form gap junctions in vertebrates, are highly regulated and typically have short (<2 h) half-lives. Connexin43 (Cx43), the predominate connexin in the myocardium and epithelial tissues, is phosphorylated on more than a dozen serine residues and interacts with a variety of protein kinases. These interactions regulate Cx43 and gap junction formation and stability. Casein kinase 1 (CK1)-mediated phosphorylation of Cx43 promotes gap junction assembly. Using murine knock-in technology and quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation assays, we show here that mutation of the CK1 phosphorylation sites in Cx43 reduces the levels of total Cx43 in the myocardium and increases Cx43 phosphorylation on sites phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In aged myocardium, we found that, compared with WT Cx43, mutant Cx43 expression increases ERK activation, phosphorylation of Akt substrates, and protection from ischemia-induced injury. Our findings also uncovered that Cx43 interacts with the hypoxia-inducible protein N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 protein (NDRG1) and that Cx43 phosphorylation status controls this interaction and dramatically affects NDRG1 stability. We propose that, in addition to altering gap junction stability, Cx43 phosphorylation directly and dynamically regulates cellular signaling through ERK and Akt in response to ischemic injury. We conclude that gap junction-dependent NDRG1 regulation might explain some cellular responses to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joell L Solan
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Lucrecia Márquez-Rosado
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
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Mendelson CR, Gao L, Montalbano AP. Multifactorial Regulation of Myometrial Contractility During Pregnancy and Parturition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:714. [PMID: 31708868 PMCID: PMC6823183 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormones progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E2), produced by the placenta in humans and the ovaries in rodents, serve crucial roles in the maintenance of pregnancy, and the initiation of parturition. Because of their critical importance for species survival, the mechanisms whereby P4 and its nuclear receptor (PR) maintain myometrial quiescence during pregnancy, and for the decline in P4/PR and increase in E2/estrogen receptor (ER) function leading to parturition, are multifaceted, cooperative, and redundant. These actions of P4/PR include: (1) PR interaction with proinflammatory transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and activating protein 1 (AP-1) bound to promoters of proinflammatory and contractile/contraction-associated protein (CAP) genes and recruitment of corepressors to inhibit NF-κB and AP-1 activation of gene expression; (2) upregulation of inhibitors of proinflammatory transcription factor activation (IκBα, MKP-1); (3) induction of transcriptional repressors of CAP genes (e.g., ZEB1). In rodents and most other mammals, circulating maternal P4 levels remain elevated throughout most of pregnancy and decline precipitously near term. By contrast, in humans, circulating P4 levels and myometrial PR levels remain elevated throughout pregnancy and into labor. However, even in rodents, wherein P4 levels decline near term, P4 levels remain higher than the Kd for PR binding. Thus, parturition is initiated in all species by a series of molecular events that antagonize the P4/PR maintenance of uterine quiescence. These events include: direct interaction of inflammatory transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1) with PR; increased expression of P4 metabolizing enzymes; increased expression of truncated/inhibitory PR isoforms; altered expression of PR coactivators and corepressors. This article will review various mechanisms whereby P4 acting through PR isoforms maintains myometrial quiescence during pregnancy as well as those that underlie the decline in PR function leading to labor. The roles of P4- and E2-regulated miRNAs in the regulation and integration of these mechanisms will also be considered.
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Agrawal V, Jaiswal MK, Beaman KD, Hirsch E. Surfactant protein A suppresses preterm delivery induced by live Escherichia coli in mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:546-555. [PMID: 29590302 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth accounts for the majority of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the developed world. A significant proportion of cases of spontaneous preterm labor are attributable to infections within gestational tissues. Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a collectin produced in the fetal lung and other tissues, has been shown previously in mice to suppress preterm delivery due to intrauterine (IU) instillation of sterile proinflammatory substances. Here we report a powerful antilabor effect for SP-A after IU infection with live Escherichia coli. SP-A abolished preterm birth (rate reduced from 100% to 0%) when it was administered into the uterus simultaneously with bacterial infection, reducing it by 75% when administered intravenously at the same time as IU bacterial inoculation, and by 48% when administered intravenously 4 h after IU bacterial infection. This effect on preterm delivery was accompanied by a parallel benefit on fetal survival in utero. SP-A had no effect on bacterial growth but reversed several major consequences of infection, including increased production of inflammatory mediators and a shift in macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype. These findings suggest that exogenous SP-A has potential use to counteract infection-induced labor by reversing its proinflammatory consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varkha Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Developmental Decline in the MicroRNA 199a (miR-199a)/miR-214 Cluster in Human Fetal Lung Promotes Type II Cell Differentiation by Upregulating Key Transcription Factors. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00037-18. [PMID: 29507184 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00037-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major surfactant protein, SP-A (a product of the SFTPA gene), serves as a marker of type II pneumocyte differentiation and surfactant synthesis. SFTPA expression in cultured human fetal lung (HFL) epithelial cells is upregulated by hormones that increase cyclic AMP (cAMP) and activate TTF-1/NKX2.1 and NF-κB. To further define mechanisms for type II cell differentiation and induction of SP-A, we investigated roles of microRNAs (miRNAs). Using microarray to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in HFL epithelial cells during type II cell differentiation in culture, we observed that members of the miRNA 199a (miR-199a)/miR-214 cluster were significantly downregulated during differentiation. Validated and predicted targets of miR-199a-3p/miR-199a-5p and miR-214, which serve roles in type II cell differentiation (COX-2, NF-κB p50/p65, and CREB1), and the CREB1 target, C/EBPβ, were coordinately upregulated. Accordingly, overexpression of miR-199a-5p, miR-199a-3p, or miR-214 mimics in cultured HFL epithelial cells decreased COX-2, NF-κB p50/p65, CREB1, and C/EBPβ proteins, with an associated inhibition of SP-A expression. Interestingly, overexpression of the EMT factor, ZEB1, which declines during cAMP-induced type II cell differentiation, increased pri-miR-199a and reduced the expression of the targets NF-κB/p50 and COX-2. Collectively, these findings suggest that the developmental decline in miR-199a/miR-214 in HFL causes increased expression of critical targets that enhance type II cell differentiation and SP-A expression.
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Lappas M. Effect of spontaneous term labour on the expression of the NR4A receptors nuclear receptor related 1 protein (Nurr1), neuron-derived clone 77 (Nur77) and neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) in human fetal membranes and myometrium. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 28:893-906. [PMID: 25408954 DOI: 10.1071/rd14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the mechanisms responsible for human labour. Emerging evidence indicates that nuclear receptor subfamily 4A (NR4A) receptors regulate the transcription of genes involved in inflammation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of spontaneous term labour, Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing (NOD) ligands on the expression of nuclear receptor related 1 protein (Nurr1), neuron-derived clone 77 (Nur77) and neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR1) in human fetal membranes and myometrium. Human fetal membranes and myometrium were collected from term non-labouring women and women after spontaneous labour onset. Tissue explants were used to determine the effect of the bacterial products lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 ligand), flagellin (TLR5 ligand), fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide (FSL-1) (TLR2 ligand), γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) (NOD1 ligand) or minimal peptidoglycan muramyl dipeptide (MDP; NOD2 ligand) on Nurr1, Nur77 and NOR1 expression. Term labour was associated with significantly higher Nurr1 and Nur77, but not NOR1, expression in fetal membranes and myometrium. LPS and MDP increased Nurr1, Nur77 and NOR in fetal membranes; flagellin increased Nurr1 in fetal membranes and the myometrium, as well as NOR1 in the myometrium; and FSL-1 increased Nurr1 expression in fetal membranes. In summary, human labour and bacterial products increase Nurr1, Nur77 and/or NOR1 expression in human fetal membranes and myometrium. This increase in NR4A receptors may contribute to the expression of proinflammatory and pro-labour genes associated with fetal membrane rupture and myometrial contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
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33
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Chen Y, Yousaf MN, Mehal WZ. Role of sterile inflammation in fatty liver diseases. LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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DREAM Is Involved in the Genesis of Inflammation-Induced Prolabour Mediators in Human Myometrial and Amnion Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8237087. [PMID: 29682558 PMCID: PMC5842746 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8237087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the primary cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammation induces a cascade of events leading to preterm birth by activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In nongestational tissues, downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) regulates NF-κB activity. Our aims were to analyse DREAM expression in myometrium and fetal membranes obtained at term and preterm and to determine the effect of DREAM inhibition on prolabour mediators in primary myometrial and amnion cells. DREAM mRNA expression was significantly higher in fetal membranes obtained after spontaneous labour compared to nonlabour and in amnion from women with histological preterm chorioamnionitis when compared to amnion from women without chorioamnionitis. In primary myometrial and amnion cells, the effect of DREAM silencing by siRNA was a significant decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, MMP-9 mRNA expression and activity, and NF-κB transcriptional activity when stimulated with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, the bacterial products fsl-1 or flagellin, or the viral dsRNA analogue poly(I:C). These data suggest that, in states of heightened inflammation, DREAM mRNA expression is increased and that, in myometrial and amnion cells, DREAM regulates proinflammatory and prolabour mediators which may be mediated via NF-κB.
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Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29473039 PMCID: PMC5809447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts antimicrobial effects and dampens inflammation through direct microbial interactions and modulation of host cell responses via a series of cellular receptors. However, low protein concentrations, genetic variation, biochemical modification, and proteolytic breakdown can induce decomposition of multimeric SP-D into low-molecular weight forms, which may induce pro-inflammatory SP-D signaling. Multimeric SP-D can decompose into trimeric SP-D, and this process, and total SP-D levels, are partly determined by variation within the SP-D gene, SFTPD. SP-D has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disease-induced breakdown or modifications of SP-D facilitate its systemic leakage from the lung, and circulatory SP-D is a promising biomarker for lung injury. Moreover, studies in preclinical animal models have demonstrated that local pulmonary treatment with recombinant SP-D is beneficial in these diseases. In recent years, SP-D has been shown to exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in various non-pulmonary organs and to have effects on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory effects in vessel walls, which enhance the risk of atherosclerosis. A common SFTPD polymorphism is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, and SP-D has been associated with metabolic disorders because of its effects in the endothelium and adipocytes and its obesity-dampening properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported genetic associations of SP-D with disease and the clinical utility of circulating SP-D for respiratory disease prognosis. Moreover, basic research on the mechanistic links between SP-D and respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases is summarized. Perspectives on the development of SP-D therapy are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith L Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Intrauterine inflammatory activation, functional progesterone withdrawal, and the timing of term and preterm birth. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 125:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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The microbiota influences cell death and microglial colonization in the perinatal mouse brain. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:218-229. [PMID: 28890156 PMCID: PMC5696094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian fetus develops in a largely sterile environment, and direct exposure to a complex microbiota does not occur until birth. We took advantage of this to examine the effect of the microbiota on brain development during the first few days of life. The expression of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, developmental cell death, and microglial colonization in the brain were compared between newborn conventionally colonized mice and mice born in sterile, germ-free (GF) conditions. Expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α was markedly suppressed in GF newborns. GF mice also had altered cell death, with some regions exhibiting higher rates (paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the CA1 oriens layer of the hippocampus) and other regions exhibiting no change or lower rates (arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus) of cell death. Microglial labeling was elevated in GF mice, due to an increase in both microglial cell size and number. The changes in cytokine expression, cell death and microglial labeling were evident on the day of birth, but were absent on embryonic day 18.5, approximately one-half day prior to expected delivery. Taken together, our results suggest that direct exposure to the microbiota at birth influences key neurodevelopmental events and does so within hours. These findings may help to explain some of the behavioral and neurochemical alterations previously seen in adult GF mice.
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Singh N, Herbert B, Sooranna GR, Orsi NM, Edey L, Dasgupta T, Sooranna SR, Yellon SM, Johnson MR. Is myometrial inflammation a cause or a consequence of term human labour? J Endocrinol 2017; 235:69-83. [PMID: 28765265 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myometrial inflammation is thought to have a pivotal role in the onset of term and some forms of preterm labour. This is based on the comparison of samples taken from women undergoing term elective CS prior to the onset of labour with those taken from women in established labour. Consequently, it is not clear whether myometrial inflammation is a cause or a consequence of labour. Our objective is to test the hypothesis that myometrial inflammation is a consequence of the onset of labour. To test this hypothesis, we have obtained myometrial samples from women at various stages of pregnancy and spontaneous labour and studied the activation of the AP-1 (c-Jun) and NFκB (p65) systems, cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels and inflammatory cell infiltration and activation. We found that the activation of p65 declined from preterm to term not in labour samples and thereafter increased in early and established labour. Cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels increased in established labour only. Using flow cytometry of myometrial tissue, we found that the number of neutrophils did increase with the onset of labour, but on tissue section, these were seen to be intravascular and not infiltrating into the myometrium. These data suggest that myometrial inflammation is a consequence rather than a cause of term labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Singh
- Chelsea and Westminster HospitalLondon, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyImperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bronwen Herbert
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyImperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin R Sooranna
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyImperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas M Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & PathologyWellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Lydia Edey
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyImperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tathagata Dasgupta
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & PathologyWellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Chelsea and Westminster HospitalLondon, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyImperial College London, London, UK
| | - Steven M Yellon
- Longo Center for Perinatal BiologyLoma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Chelsea and Westminster HospitalLondon, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental BiologyImperial College London, London, UK
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Lim R, Barker G, Lappas M. TLR2, TLR3 and TLR5 regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators in human primary myometrial cells. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 122:28-36. [PMID: 28844021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth continues to be a significant global health care issue, due to our lack of understanding of the mechanisms that drive human labour and delivery. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential in triggering an inflammatory response in human gestational tissues, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators, and thus preterm birth. The aims of this study were to determine whether the adaptor molecules associated with TLR2, TLR3 and TLR5 signalling are involved in human myometrium. Primary human myometrial cells were transfected with siRNA against TIRAP, IRAK1, IRAK4, TAK1and stimulated with bacterial product fsl-1 (TLR2); TRIF, TRADD, TRAF6, RIP1, TAK1 and stimulated with dsRNA viral analogue poly(I:C) (TLR3); IRAK1, IRAK4, TAK1 and stimulated with bacterial product flagellin (TLR5), and assayed for production of pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators. Cells transfected with TIRAP, IRAK1, IRAK4 or TAK1 all showed a decrease in fsl-1-induced expression of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6), chemokines (GRO-α, IL-8, MCP-1), adhesion molecule ICAM-1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and release of PGF2α and MMP-9 expression. Cells transfected with TRIF, TRAF6, RIP1 or TAK1 all decreased production of poly(I:C)-induced IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, GRO-α, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and MMP-9 expression. Cells transfected with IRAK1, IRAK4 or TAK1 all showed decreased expression of flagellin-induced cytokine and chemokine expression, ICAM-1 and MMP-9 expression. Lastly, transfection with these siRNAs decreased fsl-1, poly(I:C) and flagellin-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity. Our study signifies that these adaptor molecules are necessary for the proper production of cytokines, chemokines and pro-labour mediators after TLR ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Lim
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gillian Barker
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Chen CC, Montalbano AP, Hussain I, Lee WR, Mendelson CR. The transcriptional repressor GATAD2B mediates progesterone receptor suppression of myometrial contractile gene expression. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12560-12576. [PMID: 28576827 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby progesterone (P4), acting via the progesterone receptor (PR), inhibits proinflammatory/contractile gene expression during pregnancy are incompletely defined. Using immortalized human myometrial (hTERT-HM) cells stably expressing wild-type PR-A or PR-B (PRWT), we found that P4 significantly inhibited IL-1β induction of the NF-κB target genes, COX-2 and IL-8 P4-PRWT transrepression occurred at the level of transcription initiation and was mediated by decreased recruitment of NF-κB p65 and RNA polymerase II to COX-2 and IL-8 promoters. However, in cells stably expressing a PR-A or PR-B DNA-binding domain mutant (PRmDBD), P4-mediated transrepression was significantly reduced, suggesting a critical role of the PR DBD. ChIP analysis of hTERT-HM cells stably expressing PRWT or PRmDBD revealed that P4 treatment caused equivalent recruitment of PRWT and PRmDBD to COX-2 and IL-8 promoters, suggesting that PR inhibitory effects were not mediated by its direct DNA binding. Using immunoprecipitation, followed by MS, we identified a transcriptional repressor, GATA zinc finger domain-containing 2B (GATAD2B), that interacted strongly with PRWT but poorly with PRmDBD P4 treatment of PRWT hTERT-HM cells caused enhanced recruitment of endogenous GATAD2B to COX-2 and IL-8 promoters. Further, siRNA knockdown of endogenous GATAD2B significantly reduced P4-PRWT transrepression of COX-2 and IL-8 Notably, GATAD2B expression was significantly decreased in pregnant mouse and human myometrium during labor. Our findings suggest that GATAD2B serves as an important mediator of P4-PR suppression of proinflammatory and contractile genes during pregnancy. Decreased GATAD2B expression near term may contribute to the decline in PR function, leading to labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Alina P Montalbano
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038.
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Mendelson CR, Montalbano AP, Gao L. Fetal-to-maternal signaling in the timing of birth. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 170:19-27. [PMID: 27629593 PMCID: PMC5346347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth remains the major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This is due, in part, to our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the maintenance of pregnancy and the initiation of parturition at term. In this article, we review our current knowledge of the complex, interrelated and concerted mechanisms whereby progesterone maintains myometrial quiescence throughout most of pregnancy, as well as those that mediate the upregulation of the inflammatory response and decline in progesterone receptor function leading to parturition. Herein, we review findings that demonstrate a role of the fetus in the timing of birth. Specifically, we focus on our own studies indicating that maturation of the fetal lung and enhanced secretion of the surfactant components, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and the potent inflammatory glycerophospholipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), initiate a signaling cascade culminating in parturition. Our studies suggest an essential role of steroid receptor coactivators, SRC-1 and SRC-2, which activate expression of genes encoding SP-A and LPCAT1. LPCAT1 is a key enzyme in the synthesis of PAF, as well as DPPC, a highly surface-active glycerophospholipid component of surfactant. Thus, we describe a novel pathway through which the fetus contributes to the initiation of labor by signaling the mother when its lungs have achieved sufficient maturity for survival in an aerobic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole R Mendelson
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA; Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Alina P Montalbano
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lu Gao
- Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, USA
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Vieira F, Kung JW, Bhatti F. Structure, genetics and function of the pulmonary associated surfactant proteins A and D: The extra-pulmonary role of these C type lectins. Ann Anat 2017; 211:184-201. [PMID: 28351530 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The collectins family encompasses several collagenous Ca2+-dependent defense lectins that are described as pathogen recognition molecules. They play an important role in both adaptive and innate immunity. Surfactant proteins A and D are two of these proteins which were initially discovered in association with surfactant in the pulmonary system. The structure, immune and inflammatory functions, and genetic variations have been well described in relation to their roles, function and pathophysiology in the pulmonary system. Subsequently, these proteins have been discovered in a wide range of other organs and organ systems. The role of these proteins outside the pulmonary system is currently an active area of research. This review intends to provide a current overview of the genetics, structure and extra-pulmonary functions of the surfactant collectin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Vieira
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Johannes W Kung
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Faizah Bhatti
- Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
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Chin PY, Dorian CL, Hutchinson MR, Olson DM, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Novel Toll-like receptor-4 antagonist (+)-naloxone protects mice from inflammation-induced preterm birth. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36112. [PMID: 27819333 PMCID: PMC5098167 DOI: 10.1038/srep36112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by bacterial infection, or by sterile inflammatory insult is a primary trigger of spontaneous preterm birth. Here we utilize mouse models to investigate the efficacy of a novel small molecule TLR4 antagonist, (+)-naloxone, the non-opioid isomer of the opioid receptor antagonist (−)-naloxone, in infection-associated preterm birth. Treatment with (+)-naloxone prevented preterm delivery and alleviated fetal demise in utero elicited by i.p. LPS administration in late gestation. A similar effect with protection from preterm birth and perinatal death, and partial correction of reduced birth weight and postnatal mortality, was conferred by (+)-naloxone administration after intrauterine administration of heat-killed E. coli. Local induction by E. coli of inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b, Il6, Tnf and Il10 in fetal membranes was suppressed by (+)-naloxone, and cytokine expression in the placenta, and uterine myometrium and decidua, was also attenuated. These data demonstrate that inhibition of TLR4 signaling with the novel TLR4 antagonist (+)-naloxone can suppress the inflammatory cascade of preterm parturition, to prevent preterm birth and perinatal death. Further studies are warranted to investigate the utility of small molecule inhibition of TLR-driven inflammation as a component of strategies for fetal protection and delaying preterm birth in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Camilla L Dorian
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2S2, Canada
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Gao L, Wang G, Liu WN, Kinser H, Franco HL, Mendelson CR. Reciprocal Feedback Between miR-181a and E 2/ERα in Myometrium Enhances Inflammation Leading to Labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3646-3656. [PMID: 27459534 PMCID: PMC5052345 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The initiation of term and preterm labor is associated with an up-regulated inflammatory response in myometrium; however, the underlying signaling pathways remain incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE To define the regulatory mechanisms that mediate the increased myometrial inflammatory response leading to labor, we investigated the roles of microRNAs (miRNA/miR). DESIGN AND SETTING Human myometrial tissues, isolated smooth muscle cells, and animal models were used to study miR-181a regulation of uterine inflammatory pathways and contractility. PATIENTS Myometrial tissues from 15 term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section (not in labor) and 10 term pregnant women undergoing emergency cesarean section (in labor) were used. RESULTS Expression of the highly conserved microRNA, miR-181a, was significantly decreased in mouse and human myometrium during late gestation. By contrast, the putative miR-181a targets, TNF-α, and estrogen receptor (ER)-α, and the validated target, c-Fos, key factors in the inflammatory response leading to parturition, were coordinately up-regulated. In studies using human myometrial cells, overexpression of miR-181a mimics repressed basal as well as IL-1β-induced TNF-α, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and 8 expression, whereas the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was increased. Overexpression of miR-181a dramatically inhibited both spontaneous and IL-1β-induced contraction of human myometrial cells. Notably, miR-181a directly targeted ERα and decreased its expression, whereas estradiol-17β reciprocally inhibited expression of mature miR-181a in myometrial cells. CONCLUSIONS Thus, increased estradiol-17β/ERα signaling in myometrium near term inhibits miR-181a, resulting in a further increase in ERα and proinflammatory signaling. This escalating feedback loop provides novel targets and therapeutic strategies for the prevention of preterm labor and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Department of Physiology (L.G., G.W., W.L.), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry (L.G., H.K., C.R.M.) and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physiology (L.G., G.W., W.L.), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry (L.G., H.K., C.R.M.) and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Wei-Na Liu
- Department of Physiology (L.G., G.W., W.L.), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry (L.G., H.K., C.R.M.) and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Holly Kinser
- Department of Physiology (L.G., G.W., W.L.), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry (L.G., H.K., C.R.M.) and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Hector L Franco
- Department of Physiology (L.G., G.W., W.L.), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry (L.G., H.K., C.R.M.) and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Physiology (L.G., G.W., W.L.), Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry (L.G., H.K., C.R.M.) and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Ishiguro T, Takeda J, Fang X, Bronson H, Olson DM. Interleukin (IL)-1 in rat parturition: IL-1 receptors 1 and 2 and accessory proteins abundance in pregnant rat uterus at term - regulation by progesterone. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/14/e12866. [PMID: 27440742 PMCID: PMC4962072 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in parturition is typically noted by changes in its concentrations. Studying the expression of its receptor family, IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) 1, IL-1R2, IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), and its predominantly brain isoform, IL-1RAcPb, during late gestation in the uterus in the Long-Evans rat is another. We assessed changes in their mRNA and protein relative abundance in the uterus and compared IL-1RAcP and IL-1RAcPb mRNA abundance in uterus, cervix, ovaries, placenta, and whole blood of Long-Evans rats during late gestation or in RU486 and progesterone-treated dams using quantitative real-time PCR and western immunoblotting. IL-1R1, IL-1RAcP, and IL-1RAcPb mRNA abundance significantly increased in the uterus at delivery whereas IL-1R2 mRNA abundance significantly decreased. IL-1R1 protein increased at term and IL-1R2 protein decreased at term compared to nonpregnant uteri. IL1-RAcPb mRNA abundance was less than IL-1RAcP, but in the lower uterine segment it was the highest of all tissues examined. RU486 stimulated preterm delivery and an increase in IL-1R1 mRNA abundance whereas progesterone administration extended pregnancy and suppressed the increase in IL-1R1. These data suggest that changes in uterine sensitivity to IL-1 occur during late gestation and suggest another level of regulation for the control of delivery. The roles for IL-1RAcP and IL-1RAcPb need to be determined, but may relate to different intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Ishiguro
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koshigaya Municipal Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Fang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Heather Bronson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology & Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Madhukaran SP, Alhamlan FS, Kale K, Vatish M, Madan T, Kishore U. Role of collectins and complement protein C1q in pregnancy and parturition. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1273-88. [PMID: 27349595 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Collectins such as surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D, and mannan-binding lectin (MBL), as well as complement protein C1q are evolutionarily conserved innate immune molecules. They are known to opsonize a range of microbial pathogens (bacteria, fungi, virus, and parasites) and trigger effector clearance mechanisms involving phagocytosis and/or complement activation. Collectins and C1q have also attracted attention in studies involving pregnancy as they are expressed in the female reproductive tissues during pregnancy; a unique state of immune suppression with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Recent studies are beginning to unravel their functional significance in implantation, placentation, pregnancy maintenance and parturition in normal and adverse pregnancies. Collectins and C1q, expressed in gestational tissues during pregnancy, might alter the status of mother's immune response to the allogenic fetus and the microenvironment, thereby serving as important regulators of fetus-mother interaction. Here, we discuss the functional roles that have been assigned to SP-A, SP-D, MBL and C1q in pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmuga Priyaa Madhukaran
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute for Advanced Studies, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Fatimah S Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kavita Kale
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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Migale R, MacIntyre DA, Cacciatore S, Lee YS, Hagberg H, Herbert BR, Johnson MR, Peebles D, Waddington SN, Bennett PR. Modeling hormonal and inflammatory contributions to preterm and term labor using uterine temporal transcriptomics. BMC Med 2016; 14:86. [PMID: 27291689 PMCID: PMC4904357 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is now recognized as the primary cause of infant mortality worldwide. Interplay between hormonal and inflammatory signaling in the uterus modulates the onset of contractions; however, the relative contribution of each remains unclear. In this study we aimed to characterize temporal transcriptome changes in the uterus preceding term labor and preterm labor (PTL) induced by progesterone withdrawal or inflammation in the mouse and compare these findings with human data. METHODS Myometrium was collected at multiple time points during gestation and labor from three murine models of parturition: (1) term gestation; (2) PTL induced by RU486; and (3) PTL induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RNA was extracted and cDNA libraries were prepared and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 system. Resulting RNA-Seq data were analyzed using multivariate modeling approaches as well as pathway and causal network analyses and compared against human myometrial transcriptome data. RESULTS We identified a core set of temporal myometrial gene changes associated with term labor and PTL in the mouse induced by either inflammation or progesterone withdrawal. Progesterone withdrawal initiated labor without inflammatory gene activation, yet LPS activation of uterine inflammation was sufficient to override the repressive effects of progesterone and induce a laboring phenotype. Comparison of human and mouse uterine transcriptomic datasets revealed that human labor more closely resembles inflammation-induced PTL in the mouse. CONCLUSIONS Labor in the mouse can be achieved through inflammatory gene activation yet these changes are not a requisite for labor itself. Human labor more closely resembles LPS-induced PTL in the mouse, supporting an essential role for inflammatory mediators in human "functional progesterone withdrawal." This improved understanding of inflammatory and progesterone influence on the uterine transcriptome has important implications for the development of PTL prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Migale
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A MacIntyre
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yun S Lee
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Perinatal Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bronwen R Herbert
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.,Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Peebles
- UCL Centre for Perinatal Brain Protection & Repair, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Institute of Reproduction and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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49
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Kay S, Madan T. Fertility defects in Surfactant associated protein D knockout female mice: altered ovarian hormone profile. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Filipovich Y, Klein J, Zhou Y, Hirsch E. Maternal and fetal roles in bacterially induced preterm labor in the mouse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:386.e1-9. [PMID: 26478101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative roles of the mother and fetus in signaling for labor remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated using gene knockout (KO) mice that Escherichia coli-induced preterm delivery is completely dependent on MyD88, a toll-like receptor adaptor protein. Here we leveraged this finding to conduct a genetic experiment testing whether the mother, the fetus, or both signal for parturition in bacterially induced labor. STUDY DESIGN Six different maternal/fetal genotype combinations for MyD88 were studied: wild-type (WT) dams carrying one of the following: (1) WT or (2) MyD88 heterozygous (het) fetuses (generated by mating WT females with WT or MyD88-knockout [KO] males, respectively); (3) WT dams carrying MyD88-KO fetuses (generated by replacing the ovaries of WT females with MyD88-KO ovaries, followed by mating with MyD88-KO males); a similar strategy was used to generate MyD88-KO dams carrying (4) MyD88-KO, (5) MyD88 het, or (6) WT fetuses. On day 14.5 of gestation, mice received intrauterine injections of either 1 × 10(9) killed E coli or sterile medium. Delivery of ≥ 1 fetus within 48 hours was considered preterm. A separate group of similarly treated pregnant mice was euthanized 5 hours after surgery for gene expression and tissue analysis. RESULTS E coli-induced preterm delivery is dependent on maternal and not fetal genotype: > 95% of WT and < 5% of MyD88-KO dams deliver prematurely, regardless of fetal genotype (P = .0001). In contrast, fetal survival in utero is influenced by fetal genotype: in MyD88-KO dams, in which premature birth rarely occurs, only 81% of WT and 86% of MyD88-heterozygous fetuses were alive 48 hours after surgery compared with 100% of MyD88-KO fetuses (P < .01). Messenger ribonucleic acids for the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 were elevated in uterine tissues only in WT mothers treated with E coli and were low or undetectable in the uteri of KO mothers or in animals treated with saline. Serum progesterone levels were lower in KO mothers with WT ovaries than in WT mothers with KO ovaries, but bacterial exposure did not have an impact on these levels. CONCLUSION In the murine E coli-induced labor model, preterm delivery and uterine expression of inflammatory mediators is determined by the mother and not the fetus and is not attributable to a decline in serum progesterone.
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