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Bournot L, Payet T, Marcotorchino J, Awada M, Rouquet T, Breniere T, Couturier C, Astier J, Halimi C, Reboul E, Sicard F, Mounien L, Roux J, Bariohay B, Landrier JF. Vitamin D metabolism is altered during aging alone or combined with obesity in male mice. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38401051 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Aging and obesity are associated with a decrease in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. In the context of a growing aging population and the rising incidence of obesity, we hypothesized that aging process, either independently or in combination with obesity, could influence vitamin D (VD) metabolism, consequently resulting in the reduced 25(OH)D plasma concentrations. C57BL/6JRJ young (6 months) and old (23 months) mice fed with control (CD) or high fat diet (HF) were compared. Plasma and adipose concentration of cholecalciferol and 25(OH)D and mRNA expression of genes coding for the main VD actors were analyzed. Aging was associated with a decrease in plasma 25(OH)D levels, whereas combined effect of obesity and aging did not generate a cumulative effect on plasma 25(OH)D levels. The mRNA expression of Cyp27a1, Cyp3a11, and Cyp2j6 were decreased in the liver during aging. Together, these regulations could explain the reduced 25-hydroxylation. Interestingly, the lack of cumulative reduction of 25(OH)D in aged and obese mice could be related to the strong induction of Cyp2j6. In kidneys, a complex modulation of Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1 could contribute to the reduced 25-hydroxylation in the liver. In white adipose tissue, an induction of Cyp2r1 was observed during aging and obesity, together with an increase of 25(OH)D quantity, suggesting an exacerbated storage that may participated to the reduced plasma 25(OH)D levels. These findings support the notion that aging alone or combined with obesity, induces regulation of VD metabolism in the organs, beyond the classical reduction of epidermal VD precursor, which may contribute to the decrease in 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrine Bournot
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- Biomeostasis, La Penne sur Huveaune, France
| | - Thomas Payet
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Breniere
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Halimi
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Flavie Sicard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS, CriBiom, Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS, CriBiom, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Jean François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS, CriBiom, Marseille, France
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Saedmocheshi S, Amiri E, Mehdipour A, Stefani GP. The Effect of Vitamin D Consumption on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:32. [PMID: 38251306 PMCID: PMC10821273 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for the optimal health of the skeletal system. However, this vitamin also plays a role in other functions of the human body, such as muscle, immune, and inflammatory functions. Some studies have reported that adequate levels of vitamin D improve immune system function by reducing the levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can protect against the risk of post-exercise illness. This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokines in athletes. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in SPORTDiscus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to 1 October 2023. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Risk of Bias 2 Tool. After searching the databases, a total of 7417 studies were identified, 6 of which met the eligibility criteria, and their outcomes were presented. The six studies included 176 participants. All six studies are randomized control trials, including a total of 176 subjects, primarily men (81%). Regarding the types of athletes, most participants were endurance athletes. Our investigation in this systematic review demonstrated that out of the six studies, only two of them reported significant changes in IL-6 and TNF-α levels after taking high-dose vitamin D. Other studies did not present any significant changes after vitamin D supplementation in athletes with respect to IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Further studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for athletes as a disease-prone community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 6617715175, Iran; (S.S.)
| | - Ehsan Amiri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 6617715175, Iran; (S.S.)
| | - Aref Mehdipour
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 6617715175, Iran; (S.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Potrick Stefani
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
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Lalunio H, Parker L, Hanson ED, Gregorevic P, Levinger I, Hayes A, Goodman CA. Detecting the vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein in mouse and human skeletal muscle: Strain-specific, species-specific and inter-individual variation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112050. [PMID: 37683909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, and its receptor (VDR), play roles in muscle development/function, however, VDR detection in muscle has been controversial. Using different sample preparation methods and antibodies, we examined differences in muscle VDR protein abundance between two mouse strains and between mice and humans. The mouse D-6 VDR antibody was not reliable for detecting VDR in mouse muscle, but was suitable for human muscle, while the rabbit D2K6W antibody was valid for mouse and human muscle. VDR protein was generally lower in muscles from C57 B l/6 than FVB/N mice and was higher in human than mouse muscle. Two putative VDR bands were detected in human muscle, possibly representing VDR isoforms/splice variants, with marked inter-individual differences. This study provides new information on detecting VDR in muscle and on inter-mouse strain and inter-human individual differences in VDR expression. These findings may have implications for future pre-clinical and clinical studies and prompt further investigation to confirm possible VDR isoforms in human muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lalunio
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Childs-Sanford SE, Makowski AJ, Hilliard RL, Wakshlag JJ. EXPERIMENTAL CHOLECALCIFEROL SUPPLEMENTATION IN A HERD OF MANAGED ASIAN ELEPHANTS ( ELEPHAS MAXIMUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:219-230. [PMID: 37428684 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D supplementation may pose a significant health risk in species where levels of deficiency, sufficiency, and toxicity have not been clearly established, and species-specific research on vitamin D supplementation should be performed. This study documented the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum vitamin D metabolites and other analytes of Ca homeostasis in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Six adult Asian elephants received PO supplementation with cholecalciferol at 300 IU/kg of body weight (BW) once a week for 24 wk. Serum was analyzed every 4 wk for 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 [25(OH)D]; 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2/D3 [24,25(OH)2D]; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]; parathyroid hormone (PTH); total Ca; ionized Ca (iCa); P; and Mg. After the supplement was discontinued, serum 25(OH)D2/D3 was measured every 4 wk until levels returned to baseline. At the start of the study, the average serum 25(OH)D3 was nondetectable (<1.5 ng/ml). With cholecalciferol supplementation, 25(OH)D3 increased at an average rate of 2.26 ng/ml per month and reached an average concentration of 12.9 ± 3.46 ng/ml at 24 wk. Both 24,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D increased over time with supplementation from an average of <1.5 to 12.9 ng/ml and from 9.67 to 36.4 pg/ml, respectively. PTH, iCa, Ca, P, and Mg remained within reported normal ranges throughout supplementation. After the supplement was discontinued, serum 25(OH)D3 demonstrated a slow decline to baseline, taking an average of 48 wk. Elephants demonstrated significant individual variation in response to supplementation and subsequent return to baseline. Supplementation of Asian elephants with a weekly dose of 300 IU/kg BW cholecalciferol for 24 wk appears to be effective and safe. Additional clinical studies would be necessary to investigate the safety of other routes of administration, dosages, and duration of vitamin D supplementation, as well as associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Makowski
- Heartland Assays, Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Rachel L Hilliard
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Fischer PR, Sempos CT, Pettifor JM, Fraser DR, Munns CF, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Thacher TD. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of nutritional rickets - a multivariable re-analysis of a case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:998-1004. [PMID: 36801463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multivariable logistic regression model resulting from a case-control study of nutritional rickets in Nigerian children suggested that higher levels of serum 25(OH)D may be required to prevent nutritional rickets in populations with low-calcium intakes. OBJECTIVES This current study evaluates if adding serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] to that model shows that increased levels of serum 1,25(OH)2D are independently associated with risk of children on low-calcium diets having nutritional rickets. METHODS Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between serum 1,25(OH)2D and risk of having nutritional rickets in cases (n = 108) and controls (n = 115) after adjusting for age, sex, weight-for age z-score, religion, phosphorus intake and age began walking and the interaction between serum 25(OH)D and dietary calcium intake (Full Model). RESULTS Serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were significantly higher (320 pmol/L vs. 280 pmol/L) (P = 0.002), and 25(OH)D levels were lower (33 nmol/L vs. 52 nmol/L) (P < 0.0001) in children with rickets than in control children. Serum calcium levels were lower in children with rickets (1.9 mmol/L) than in control children (2.2 mmol/L) (P < 0.001). Dietary calcium intakes were similarly low in both groups (212 mg/d) (P = 0.973). In the multivariable logistic model, 1,25(OH)2D was independently associated with risk of having rickets [coefficient = 0.007 (95% confidence limits: 0.002-0.011)] after adjusting for all variables in the Full Model. CONCLUSIONS Results confirmed theoretical models that in children with low dietary calcium intake, 1,25(OH)2D serum concentrations are higher in children with rickets than in children without rickets. The difference in 1,25(OH)2D levels is consistent with the hypothesis that children with rickets have lower serum calcium concentrations which prompt the elevation of PTH levels resulting in an elevation of 1,25(OH)2D levels. These results support the need for additional studies to identify dietary and environmental risks for nutritional rickets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Fischer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States, Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - John M Pettifor
- Department of Pediatrics, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David R Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu
- Biostatistical Core, The Sabin Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tom D Thacher
- Department of Family Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
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6
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Żmijewski MA. Nongenomic Activities of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235104. [PMID: 36501134 PMCID: PMC9737885 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D shows a variety of pleiotropic activities which cannot be fully explained by the stimulation of classic pathway- and vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent transcriptional modulation. Thus, existence of rapid and nongenomic responses to vitamin D was suggested. An active form of vitamin D (calcitriol, 1,25(OH)2D3) is an essential regulator of calcium-phosphate homeostasis, and this process is tightly regulated by VDR genomic activity. However, it seems that early in evolution, the production of secosteroids (vitamin-D-like steroids) and their subsequent photodegradation served as a protective mechanism against ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress. Consequently, direct cell-protective activities of vitamin D were proven. Furthermore, calcitriol triggers rapid calcium influx through epithelia and its uptake by a variety of cells. Subsequently, protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) was described as a membrane vitamin D receptor responsible for rapid nongenomic responses. Vitamin D was also found to stimulate a release of secondary massagers and modulate several intracellular processes-including cell cycle, proliferation, or immune responses-through wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SSH), STAT1-3, or NF-kappaB pathways. Megalin and its coreceptor, cubilin, facilitate the import of vitamin D complex with vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP), and its involvement in rapid membrane responses was suggested. Vitamin D also directly and indirectly influences mitochondrial function, including fusion-fission, energy production, mitochondrial membrane potential, activity of ion channels, and apoptosis. Although mechanisms of the nongenomic responses to vitamin D are still not fully understood, in this review, their impact on physiology, pathology, and potential clinical applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, PL-80211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Grant WB. Comment on Coelho-Junior et al. Protein Intake and Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2767. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224879. [PMID: 36432567 PMCID: PMC9697929 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic review by Coelho-Junior et al. found that frail older adults consumed significantly less animal-derived protein than healthy people [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
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8
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Henn M, Martin-Gorgojo V, Martin-Moreno JM. Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention: Gaps in Current Knowledge and Room for Hope. Nutrients 2022; 14:4512. [PMID: 36364774 PMCID: PMC9657468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive epigenome and transcriptome analyses have unveiled numerous biological mechanisms, including the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and induced apoptosis in neoplastic cells, as well as the modulation of the antineoplastic action of the immune system, which plausibly explains the observed population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk. However, large randomized clinical trials involving cholecalciferol supplementation have so far failed to show the potential of such interventions in cancer prevention. In this article, we attempt to reconcile the supposed contradiction of these findings by undertaking a thorough review of the literature, including an assessment of the limitations in the design, conduct, and analysis of the studies conducted thus far. We examine the long-standing dilemma of whether the beneficial effects of vitamin D levels increase significantly above a critical threshold or if the conjecture is valid that an increase in available cholecalciferol translates directly into an increase in calcitriol activity. In addition, we try to shed light on the high interindividual epigenetic and transcriptomic variability in response to cholecalciferol supplementation. Moreover, we critically review the standards of interpretation of the available study results and propose criteria that could allow us to reach sound conclusions in this field. Finally, we advocate for options tailored to individual vitamin D needs, combined with a comprehensive intervention that favors prevention through a healthy environment and responsible health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Henn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor Martin-Gorgojo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Martin-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Megalin and Vitamin D Metabolism—Implications in Non-Renal Tissues and Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183690. [PMID: 36145066 PMCID: PMC9506339 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin is an endocytic receptor abundantly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other calciotropic extrarenal cells expressing vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, such as bone and parathyroid cells. The receptor functions in the uptake of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) complexed to 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), facilitating the intracellular conversion of precursor 25(OH)D3 to the active 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). The significance of renal megalin-mediated reabsorption of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 has been well established experimentally, and other studies have demonstrated relevant roles of extrarenal megalin in regulating vitamin D homeostasis in mammary cells, fat, muscle, bone, and mesenchymal stem cells. Parathyroid gland megalin may regulate calcium signaling, suggesting intriguing possibilities for megalin-mediated cross-talk between calcium and vitamin D regulation in the parathyroid; however, parathyroid megalin functionality has not been assessed in the context of vitamin D. Within various models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), megalin expression appears to be downregulated; however, contradictory results have been observed between human and rodent models. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of megalin function in the context of vitamin D metabolism, with an emphasis on extrarenal megalin, an area that clearly requires further investigation.
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10
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Vitamin D composition of Australian game products. Food Chem 2022; 387:132965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li H, Han D, Wang H, Shu D, Xu L, Hou L, Xu Y, Lai X. The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Activity of Daily Living in the Elderly. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6357-6364. [PMID: 35935099 PMCID: PMC9355018 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s366203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the association between vitamin D and the performance of activity of daily living in the elderly. Methods A total of 94 patients over the age of 65 were eligible to participate if they had undergone a bone mineral density test and if they were in a stable health condition. Subjects were further divided into two groups according to activity of daily living (ADL): the score over 40 of the patients as the high ADL group and the below as the low ADL group. Results According to univariate analysis, the mean of total hip T score, serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR), and vitamin D were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.024, 0.008, 0.010). Multivariate ORs showed that the CCR (OR: 0.948; 95%CI: 0.910–0.989; P=0.013) and vitamin D (OR: 865; 95%CI: 0.752–0.994; P=0.047) were inversely associated with having low ADL. Furthermore, on multiple linear regression analysis, the Barthel ADL index was related to geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), CCR and vitamin D but independent of patients’ age with the slope of 0.732, 0.539, and 0.689 separately, reflected the stronger relative within the variables. Conclusion We demonstrated that there is a negative correlation of CCR and vitamin D with having low ADL in elderly population. Monitoring the trend of serum vitamin D and CCR, may have a role in the early detection of low ADL with loss of muscle mass and strength in the population of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Han
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Shu
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liufang Hou
- The Rehabilitation Department of Nephrology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Xu; Xueli Lai, Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Reis NG, Assis AP, Lautherbach N, Gonçalves DA, Silveira WA, Morgan HJN, Valentim RR, Almeida LF, Heck LC, Zanon NM, Koike TE, Santos AR, Miyabara EH, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LC. Maternal vitamin D deficiency affects the morphology and function of glycolytic muscle in adult offspring rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2175-2187. [PMID: 35582969 PMCID: PMC9398225 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal stage is a critical developmental window for the skeletal muscle, but little information is available about the impact of maternal vitamin D (Vit. D) deficiency (VDD) on offspring lean mass development in the adult life of male and female animals. METHODS Female rats (Wistar Hannover) were fed either a control (1000 IU Vit. D3/kg) or a VDD diet (0 IU Vit. D3/kg) for 6 weeks and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, male and female offspring were randomly separated and received a standard diet up to 180 days old. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency induced muscle atrophy in the male (M-VDD) offspring at the end of weaning, an effect that was reverted along the time. Following 180 days, fast-twitch skeletal muscles [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] from the M-VDD showed a decrease (20%; P < 0.05) in the number of total fibres but an increase in the cross-sectional area of IIB (17%; P < 0.05), IIA (19%; P < 0.05) and IIAX (21%; P < 0.05) fibres. The fibre hypertrophy was associated with the higher protein levels of MyoD (73%; P < 0.05) and myogenin (55% %; P < 0.05) and in the number of satellite cells (128.8 ± 14 vs. 91 ± 7.6 nuclei Pax7 + in the M-CTRL; P < 0.05). M-VDD increased time to fatigue during ex vivo contractions of EDL muscles and showed an increase in the phosphorylation levels of IGF-1/insulin receptor and their downstream targets related to anabolic processes and myogenic activation, including Ser 473 Akt and Ser 21/9 GSK-3β. In such muscles, maternal VDD induced a compensatory increase in the content of calcitriol (two-fold; P < 0.05) and CYP27B1 (58%; P < 0.05), a metabolizing enzyme that converts calcidiol to calcitriol. Interestingly, most morphological and biochemical changes found in EDL were not observed in slow-twitch skeletal muscles (soleus) from the M-VDD group as well as in both EDL and soleus muscles from the female offspring. CONCLUSIONS These data show that maternal VDD selectively affects the development of type-II muscle fibres in male offspring rats but not in female offspring rats and suggest that the enhancement of their size and fatigue resistance in fast-twitch skeletal muscle (EDL) is probably due to a compensatory increase in the muscle content of Vit. D in the adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natany G Reis
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P Assis
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Lautherbach
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dawit A Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilian A Silveira
- Institute of Biological and Natural Science, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique J N Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Valentim
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian C Heck
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neusa M Zanon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana E Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrei R Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis C Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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13
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Ip TST, Fu SC, Ong MTY, Yung PSH. Vitamin D deficiency in athletes: Laboratory, clinical and field integration. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2022; 29:22-29. [PMID: 35847194 PMCID: PMC9256943 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in athletes. Increased utilisation and storage depletion may be key contributing factor. We found a higher prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (deficiency/ insufficiency) in power than endurance sport athletes, which may be related to vitamin D utilisation and reserve in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Shuk-Tin Ip
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Sai-Chuen Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Michael Tim-Yun Ong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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14
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Exercise: A Possibly Effective Way to Improve Vitamin D Nutritional Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132652. [PMID: 35807833 PMCID: PMC9268447 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has become a widespread public health problem owing to its potential adverse health effects. Generally, the nutritional status of vitamin D depends on sunlight exposure and dietary or supplementary intake. However, recent studies have found that exercise can influence circulating 25(OH)D levels; although, the results have been inconclusive. In this review, we focused on the effect of exercise on circulating vitamin D metabolites and their possible mechanisms. We found that endurance exercise can significantly increase serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D-deficient people but has no significant effect on vitamin D-sufficient people. This benefit has not been observed with resistance training. Only chronic endurance exercise training can significantly increase serum 1,25(OH)2D, and the effect may be sex-dependent. Exercise may influence 25(OH)D levels in the circulation by regulating either the vitamin D metabolites stored in tissues or the utilization by target tissues. The effects of exercise on 25(OH)D levels in the circulation may be dependent on many factors, such as the vitamin D nutritional status, exercise type and intensity, and sex. Therefore, further research on the effects and mechanisms of exercise on vitamin D metabolites is required.
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15
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Bollen SE, Bass JJ, Fujita S, Wilkinson D, Hewison M, Atherton PJ. The Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Cell Signal 2022; 96:110355. [PMID: 35595176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia (the term given to the age-related decline in muscle mass and function), influence an individuals risk of falls, frailty, functional decline, and, ultimately, impaired quality of life. Vitamin D deficiency (low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3)) has been reported to impair muscle strength and increase risk of sarcopenia. The mechanisms that underpin the link between low 25(OH)D3 and sarcopenia are yet to be fully understood but several lines of evidence have highlighted the importance of both genomic and non-genomic effects of active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3)) and its nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), in skeletal muscle functioning. Studies in vitro have demonstrated a key role for the vitamin D/VDR axis in regulating biological processes central to sarcopenic muscle atrophy, such as proteolysis, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and adiposity. The aim of this review is to provide a mechanistic overview of the proposed mechanisms for the vitamin D/VDR axis in sarcopenic muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E Bollen
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK.
| | - Joseph J Bass
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daniel Wilkinson
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, DE22 3DT, UK.
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16
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Eder K, Grundmann SM. Vitamin D in dairy cows: metabolism, status and functions in the immune system. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:1-33. [PMID: 35249422 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.2017747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The function of vitamin D in calcium homoeostasis in dairy cows, such as in other vertebrates, is known for many years. In recent years, new and interesting, non-classical functions of vitamin D have been elucidated, including effects on the immune system. The major aim of this review is to provide an overview of effects of vitamin D or its metabolites on the immune system in dairy cows. The first part of the review provides an overview of vitamin D metabolism, with particular reference to the role of various proteins (25- and 1-hydroxylases, vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor) in vitamin D signalling. The second part deals with the role of the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in plasma as an indicator of the vitamin D status in dairy cows, and its dependence on sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D supplementation. In this part also the "free hormone hypothesis" is discussed, indicating that the concentration of free 25(OH)D might be a more valid indicator of the vitamin D status than the concentration of total 25(OH)D. The third part deals with classical and the non-classical functions of vitamin D. Among the non-classical functions which are based on an autocrine vitamin D signalling, particular reference is given to the effects of vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites on the immune system in bovine immune cells and in dairy cows. Recent findings provide some indication that vitamin D or its metabolite 25(OH)D could enhance the immune function in dairy cows and be useful for the prevention and therapy of mastitis. However, the number of studies reported so far in this respect is very limited. Thus, much more research is required to yield clear concepts for an optimised usage of vitamin D to improve the immune system and prevent infectious diseases in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah M Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Single bout of exercise triggers the increase of vitamin D blood concentration in adolescent trained boys: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1825. [PMID: 35115578 PMCID: PMC8814171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is necessary for musculoskeletal health, however, the supplementation of vitamin D above the sufficiency level does not bring additional bone mass density (BMD), unlike physical exercise which enhances the bone formatting process. Regular physical activity has been shown to upregulate VDR expression in muscles and to increase circulating vitamin D. Here we investigate whether a single bout of exercise might change 25(OH)D3 blood concentration and how it affects metabolic response to exercise. Twenty-six boys, 13.8 years old (SD ± 0.7) soccer players, participated in the study. The participants performed one of two types of exercise: the first group performed the VO2max test until exhaustion, and the second performed three times the repeated 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Blood was collected before, 15 min and one hour after the exercise. The concentration of 25(OH)D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol were determined. 25(OH)D3 concentration significantly increased after the exercise in all boys. The most prominent changes in 25(OH)D3, observed after WAnT, were associated with the rise of PTH. The dimensions of response to the exercises observed through the changes in the concentration of 25(OH)D3, PTH, NEFA and glycerol were associated with the significant increases of IL-6 level. A single bout of exercise may increase the serum’s 25(OH)D3 concentration in young trained boys. The intensive interval exercise brings a more potent stimulus to vitamin D fluctuations in young organisms. Our results support the hypothesis that muscles may both store and release 25(OH)D3.
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18
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Antioxidants as Immunomodulators in Exercise: Implications for Heme Oxygenase and Bilirubin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020179. [PMID: 35204062 PMCID: PMC8868548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is commonly prescribed as a lifestyle treatment for chronic metabolic diseases as it functions as an insulin sensitizer, cardio-protectant, and essential lifestyle tool for effective weight maintenance. Exercise boosts the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent transient oxidative damage, which also upregulates counterbalancing endogenous antioxidants to protect from ROS-induced damage and inflammation. Exercise elevates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) expression as built-in protective mechanisms, which produce the most potent antioxidant, bilirubin. Together, these mitigate inflammation and adiposity. Moderately raising plasma bilirubin protects in two ways: (1) via its antioxidant capacity to reduce ROS and inflammation, and (2) its newly defined function as a hormone that activates the nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARα. It is now understood that increasing plasma bilirubin can also drive metabolic adaptions, which improve deleterious outcomes of weight gain and obesity, such as inflammation, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this review is to describe the function of bilirubin as an antioxidant and metabolic hormone and how the HO-1-BVRA-bilirubin-PPARα axis influences inflammation, metabolic function and interacts with exercise to improve outcomes of weight management.
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19
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Girgis CM, Brennan-Speranza TC. Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Current Concepts From Preclinical Studies. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10575. [PMID: 34950830 PMCID: PMC8674777 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle weakness has been recognized as a hallmark feature of vitamin D deficiency for many years. Until recently, the direct biomolecular effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle have been unclear. Although in the past, some reservations have been raised regarding the expression of the vitamin D receptor in muscle tissue, this special issue review article outlines the clear evidence from preclinical studies for not only the expression of the receptor in muscle but also the roles of vitamin D activity in muscle development, mass, and strength. Additionally, muscle may also serve as a dynamic storage site for vitamin D, and play a central role in the maintenance of circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels during periods of low sun exposure. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Sydney NSW Australia.,Department of Endocrinology Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Medical Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Public Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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20
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Krasniqi E, Boshnjaku A, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Association between Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Pathway-Related Genes, Vitamin D Status, Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3109. [PMID: 34578986 PMCID: PMC8465200 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between vitamin D level and muscle-related traits has been frequently reported. Vitamin D level is dependent on various factors such as sunlight exposure and nutrition. But also on genetic factors. We, therefore, hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the vitamin D pathway-related genes could contribute to muscle mass and function via an impact on vitamin D level. However, the integration of studies investigating these issues is still missing. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically identify and summarize the available evidence on the association between SNPs within vitamin D pathway-related genes and vitamin D status as well as various muscle traits in healthy adults. The review has been registered on PROSPERO and was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. In total, 77 studies investigating 497 SNPs in 13 different genes were included, with significant associations being reported for 59 different SNPs. Variations in GC, CYP2R1, VDR, and CYP24A1 genes were reported most frequently, whereby especially SNPs in the GC (rs2282679, rs4588, rs1155563, rs7041) and CYP2R1 genes (rs10741657, rs10766197, rs2060793) were confirmed to be associated with vitamin D level in more than 50% of the respective studies. Various muscle traits have been investigated only in relation to four different vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (rs7975232, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs731236). Interestingly, all of them showed only very low confirmation rates (6-17% of the studies). In conclusion, this systematic review presents one of the most comprehensive updates of the association of SNPs in vitamin D pathway-related genes with vitamin D status and muscle traits in healthy adults. It might be used for selecting candidate SNPs for further studies, but also for personalized strategies in identifying individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency and eventually for determining a potential response to vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Krasniqi
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arben Boshnjaku
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Fehmi Agani” in Gjakova, Ismail Qemali n.n., 50000 Gjakovë, Kosovo
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
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21
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Żychowska M, Rola R, Borkowska A, Tomczyk M, Kortas J, Anczykowska K, Pilis K, Kowalski K, Pilch W, Antosiewicz J. Fasting and Exercise Induce Changes in Serum Vitamin D Metabolites in Healthy Men. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061963. [PMID: 34201027 PMCID: PMC8226906 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D plays pleiotropic roles in the body and hence, changes in its metabolism and distribution during starvation could play an important role in the adaptive response to famine. We aimed to identify the responses of some vitamin D metabolites to 8 d of fasting and exercise. Methods: A repeated-measures design was implemented, in which 14 male volunteers fasted for 8 d and performed an exercise test before and after fasting. Serum samples were collected on day 1 after night fasting and after 8 d of complete food restriction, before and 1 h and 3 h after exercise. Results: After 8 d of fasting, compared with baseline values, serum 24,25(OH)2D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels significantly increased; those of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were unaffected; and those of 25(OH)D2 decreased. Exercise on the first day of fasting induced an increase in serum 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels, while exercise performed after 8 d of fasting induced an increase in 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D2, and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels. Conclusion: Increases in 24,25(OH)2D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels imply that fasting stimulates vitamin D metabolism. The effects of exercise on serum vitamin D metabolites, which are most pronounced after fasting and in subjects with serum 25(OH)D3 above 25 ng/mL, support the notion that fasting and exercise augment vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Żychowska
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-091 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Rafał Rola
- Masdiag Sp. z o.o. Company, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (K.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Andżelika Borkowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Maja Tomczyk
- Department of Bioenergetics and Nutrition, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jakub Kortas
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Anczykowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Karol Pilis
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Masdiag Sp. z o.o. Company, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland; (R.R.); (K.K.)
| | - Wanda Pilch
- Institute for Basics Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-3491456
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22
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Savolainen L, Timpmann S, Mooses M, Mäestu E, Medijainen L, Tõnutare L, Ross F, Lellsaar M, Unt E, Ööpik V. Vitamin D supplementation does not enhance resistance training-induced gains in muscle strength and lean body mass in vitamin D deficient young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2077-2090. [PMID: 33821332 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation has been shown to increased muscle strength in young adults. It remains unclear if Vit-D supplementation enhances the efficacy of resistance training (RT). This study tested the hypothesis that Vit-D supplementation would enhance the RT-induced increases in muscle strength and lean body mass (LBM) in Vit-D deficient young men. METHODS Thirty-nine men (baseline serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol L‒1) were quasi-randomly assigned to one of the two groups that performed a 12-week supervised RT program concomitant with either Vit-D (8000 IU daily; VD) or placebo (PLC) supplementation. RESULTS During 12-week RT, energy and nutrient (except Vit-D) intake and training loads did not differ in the two groups. Serum 25(OH)D levels increased from 36.3 ± 9.2 to 142.4 ± 21.9 nmol L‒1 (P < 0.05) in VD group and remained unchanged between 36.3 ± 8.9 and 29.4 ± 6.6 nmol L‒1 (P > 0.05) in PLC group. Muscle strength (1-repetition maximum) increased (P < 0.05) to an equal extent in the two groups in 5 exercises performed on RT equipment, whereas strength gains in chest press and seated row were greater (P < 0.05) in PLC compared to VD group. Total and regional LBM (measured by DXA scan) increased (P < 0.05) equally in the two groups. Android fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) in VD group only. CONCLUSION Vit-D supplementation does not enhance the efficacy of RT in terms of muscle strength and LBM gains in Vit-D deficient young healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Savolainen
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Saima Timpmann
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Mooses
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luule Medijainen
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lisette Tõnutare
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Frederik Ross
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Märt Lellsaar
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vahur Ööpik
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Tartu, 18 Ülikooli St, 50090, Tartu, Estonia.
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Śliwicka E, Cisoń T, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Ł, Ziemba A, Straburzyńska-Lupa A. Effects of marathon race on selected myokines and sclerostin in middle-aged male amateur runners. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2813. [PMID: 33531538 PMCID: PMC7854637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the homeostatic response to extreme exercises, especially in the integrated function of muscle and bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a marathon race on selected myokines and sclerostin in 10 male recreational runners (mean age 41 ± 7.7 years). Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and the serum concentration of myostatin, irisin, sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), high-sensitivity interleukin-6 (hsIL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and myoglobin, were determined 24 h before and 24 h and 72 h after a marathon race. Post-marathon increases were observed in the levels of myostatin (1.2-fold), OPG (1.5-fold), and PTH (1.3-fold), hsIL-6 (1.9-fold), myoglobin (4.1-fold), hsCRP (fivefold), TNFα (2.6-fold), after 24 h; and in myostatin (1.2-fold), irisin (1.1-fold), sclerostin (1.3-fold), OPG (1.3-fold), and PTH (1.4-fold), hsIL-6 (1.4-fold), TNFα (1.9-fold), after 72 h compared to the baseline level. The results show that in response to the marathon run, a complex network of endocrine interactions is initiated. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the long-term impact of prolonged high intensity exercise on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Śliwicka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Str. 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Cisoń
- Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Applied Science in Nowy Sącz, Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Sport, The President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ziemba
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Straburzyńska-Lupa
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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24
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Vitamin D status and predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with heart failure living in a sunny region. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:349-357. [PMID: 33615819 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aims: hypovitaminosis D has frequently been identified in patients with heart failure (HF). However, few studies have been conducted in regions with high solar incidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status and predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with HF living in a sunny region (5 °- 6 °S). Methods: this cross-sectional study enrolled 70 patients with HF. Biodemographic, clinical, biochemical, dietary, and sun exposure data were collected, and 25(OH)D levels were measured. Results: the mean 25(OH)D level was 40.1 (12.4) ng/mL, and 24.3 % (95 % CI: 14.2-33.8) of patients with HF had hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL). Female patients (p = 0.001), those with ischemic etiology (p = 0.03) and those with high parathyroid hormone levels (> 67 pg/mL) (p = 0.034) were more likely to present hypovitaminosis D. Higher 25(OH)D levels were observed in men than in women (β = 7.78, p = 0.005) and in patients with HF in New York Heart Association (NHYA) functional class I when compared to those in class III/IV (β = 8.23, p = 0.032). Conclusions: the majority of patients with HF had sufficient 25(OH)D levels. Sex and functional classification were identified as independent predictors of 25(OH)D levels. These results highlight the need for increased monitoring of vitamin D status among female patients with heart failure and those with more severe symptoms.
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Total vs. Bioavailable: Determining a Better 25(OH)D Index in Association with Bone Density and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women. Metabolites 2020; 11:metabo11010023. [PMID: 33396337 PMCID: PMC7824471 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent presence of low bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) and low muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older adults has led to the recognition of “osteosarcopenia” (OS) as a singular entity. Vitamin D may play important role in the manifestation of OS, in terms of intake, absorption, and bioavailability. Evidence suggests that bioavailable 25(OH)D may be a better indicator of Vitamin D compared to total 25(OH)D due to its weak bind to albumin, increasing its ‘availability’. The aim of this study was to assess total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels in postmenopausal women and to determine their associations to bone density and muscle mass. We assessed body composition, bone density, and 25(OH)D indices of multiethnic, postmenopausal Malaysian women. A significant and negative correlation was found between body fat % and each index of 25(OH)D. Both bioavailable and total 25(OH)D were positively correlated with serum calcium and negatively correlated with iPTH(intact parathyroid hormone). VDBP(Vitamin D binding protein) level was significantly correlated with bioavailable 25(OH)D level, but not with the total 25(OH)D level. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that bioavailable, but not total, 25(OH)D was significantly correlated to bone density and muscle mass, (where stronger correlation was found with bone density), suggesting its superiority. Nevertheless, the low effect size warrants further studies.
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Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for bone health and is known to be involved in immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Vitamin D status remains a significant health issue worldwide. However, there has been no clear consensus on vitamin D deficiency and its measurement in serum, and clinical practice of vitamin D deficiency treatment remains inconsistent. The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is widely used as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Other metabolic pathways are recognised as important to vitamin D function and measurement of other metabolites may become important in the future. The utility of free 25(OH)D rather than total 25(OH)D needs further assessment. Data used to estimate the vitamin D intake required to achieve a serum 25(OH)D concentration were drawn from individual studies which reported dose-response data. The studies differ in their choice of subjects, dose of vitamin D, frequency of dosing regimen and methods used for the measurement of 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D, body mass index, ethnicity, type of vitamin D (D2 or D3) and genetics affect the response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. The diversity of opinions that exist on this topic are reflected in the guidelines. Government and scientific societies have published their recommendations for vitamin D intake which vary from 400-1000 IU/d (10-25 μg/d) for an average adult. It was not possible to establish a range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations associated with selected non-musculoskeletal health outcomes. To recommend treatment targets, future studies need to be on infants, children, pregnant and lactating women.
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27
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Rybchyn MS, Abboud M, Puglisi DA, Gordon-Thomson C, Brennan-Speranza TC, Mason RS, Fraser DR. Skeletal Muscle and the Maintenance of Vitamin D Status. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113270. [PMID: 33114526 PMCID: PMC7692087 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, unlike the micronutrients, vitamins A, E, and K, is largely obtained not from food, but by the action of solar ultraviolet (UV) light on its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, in skin. With the decline in UV light intensity in winter, most skin production of vitamin D occurs in summer. Since no defined storage organ or tissue has been found for vitamin D, it has been assumed that an adequate vitamin D status in winter can only be maintained by oral supplementation. Skeletal muscle cells have now been shown to incorporate the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) from blood into the cell cytoplasm where it binds to cytoplasmic actin. This intracellular DBP provides an array of specific binding sites for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which diffuses into the cell from the extracellular fluid. When intracellular DBP undergoes proteolytic breakdown, the bound 25(OH)D is then released and diffuses back into the blood. This uptake and release of 25(OH)D by muscle accounts for the very long half-life of this metabolite in the circulation. Since 25(OH)D concentration in the blood declines in winter, its cycling in and out of muscle cells appears to be upregulated. Parathyroid hormone is the most likely factor enhancing the repeated cycling of 25(OH)D between skeletal muscle and blood. This mechanism appears to have evolved to maintain an adequate vitamin D status in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Rybchyn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, UAE
| | - David A. Puglisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Clare Gordon-Thomson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca S. Mason
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.R.); (M.A.); (D.A.P.); (C.G.-T.); (T.C.B.-S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - David R. Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-93512139
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28
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Bollen SE, Atherton PJ. Myogenic, genomic and non-genomic influences of the vitamin D axis in skeletal muscle. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:48-59. [PMID: 33037688 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite vitamin D-deficiency clinically presenting with myopathy, muscle weakness and atrophy, the mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts its homeostatic effects upon skeletal muscle remain to be fully established. Recent studies have shown that the receptor by which 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2 D3 ) exerts its biological actions (ie, the vitamin D receptor, VDR) elicits both genomic and non-genomic effects upon skeletal muscle. The controversy surrounding skeletal muscle VDR mRNA/protein expression in post-natal muscle has been allayed by myriad recent studies, while dynamic expression of VDR throughout myogenesis, and association of higher VDR levels during muscle regeneration/immature muscle cells, suggests a role in myogenesis and perhaps an enrichment of VDR in satellite cells. Accordingly, in vitro studies have demonstrated 1,25(OH)2 D3 is anti-proliferative in myoblasts, yet pro-differentiation in latter stages of myogenesis. These effects involve modulation of gene expression (VDR as a transcriptional co-activator controls ~3% of the genome) and post-genomic intracellular signalling for example, via c-Src and alterations to intramuscular calcium homeostasis and proteostasis. The aim of this review is to consider the biomolecular role for the vitamin D/VDR axis in myogenesis, while also exploring global evidence for genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of action for 1,25(OH)2 D3 /VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E Bollen
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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Sun X, Ma XK, Zhang L, Cao ZB. Effects of resistance training on serum 25(OH) D concentrations in young men: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:59. [PMID: 32774437 PMCID: PMC7395973 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicated that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are positively associated with physical activity levels independent of sun exposure. However, the effect of resistance training on serum 25(OH) D concentrations remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of chronic resistance training on serum 25(OH) D concentrations and determine whether 25(OH) D concentration variations are influenced by body composition changes. Methods Eighteen young men aged 19–39 years were randomly divided into a 12-week resistance training group (RT, n = 9) and non-exercise control group (CON, n = 9). The trial was undertaken in Shanghai University of Sport in Shanghai, China. Randomization and allocation to trial group were carried out by a central computer system. Serum 25(OH) D and intact parathyroid hormone concentrations were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results The average serum 25(OH) D concentrations were 26.6 nmol/L at baseline. After the 12-week intervention program, serum 25(OH) D concentrations significantly increased in both groups. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations at midpoint (6-week) increased significantly only in the CON group (P < 0.01). From training midpoint to endpoint, a significantly greater increase in serum 25(OH) D concentrations was noted in the RT group (P-interaction = 0.043); 25(OH) D concentration changes (end-pre) were negatively related to fat-free mass (mid-pre) (r = − 0.565, P = 0.015) and muscle mass (mid-pre) (r = − 0.554, P = 0.017). Conclusions There were no beneficial effects of the 12-week resistance training on serum 25(OH) D concentration in vitamin D deficient young men, and an indication that seasonal increase in serum 25(OH) D concentrations during the early phase of resistance training was transiently inhibited, which may partly be attributed to resistance training-induced muscle mass gain. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000030876. Registered 16 March 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=50504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061 China
| | - Xiao-Kai Ma
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
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30
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Żebrowska A, Sadowska-Krępa E, Stanula A, Waśkiewicz Z, Łakomy O, Bezuglov E, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum total 25(OH) levels and biochemical markers of skeletal muscles in runners. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:18. [PMID: 32272973 PMCID: PMC7144051 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial adaptation of skeletal muscle function to strenuous exercise is partially attributable to the improvement of vitamin D status. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week vitamin D supplementation on serum 25(OH)D levels and skeletal muscle biomarkers (i.e. troponin, myoglobin, creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase) of endurance runners. Methods A double-blind placebo-controlled study design was used and vitamin D supplementation was compared to a non-treatment control group. Twenty-four runners, competitors of the ultra-marathons held during the National Running Championships, were randomly assigned into two groups supplemented with the dose of 2000 IU vitamin D or placebo for three weeks. All subjects participated in three exercise protocols: (a) incremental exercise test (to determine the maximum oxygen uptake and the intensity of eccentric exercise), (b) eccentric exercise before and (c) after two dietary protocols. Venous blood samples were drawn at rest, immediately after the exercise and after 1 h and 24 h of recovery in order to estimate serum 25(OH)D levels, skeletal muscle biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. A two-way ANOVA was used to test main effects and their interactions and Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed to determine the effects of inter-variable relationships. Results Significant differences between pre- and post-intervention in baseline 25(OH)D levels were observed (34.9 ± 4.7 versus 40.3 ± 4.9 ng/ml, p = 0.02) in supplemented group. A higher post intervention 25(OH)D level was observed after vitamin D diet compared to placebo (40.3 ± 4.9 versus 31.8 ± 4.2 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). The vitamin D supplementation decreased post-exercise (TN max) and 1 h post-exercise troponin (p = 0.004, p = 0.03, respectively), 1 h post-exercise myoglobin concentration (p = 0.01) and TNF-α levels(p < 0.03). 24 h post exercise creatine kinase activity was significantly lower in supplemented group compared to placebo (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was observed between post exercise 25(OH)D levels and myoglobin levels (r = − 0.57; p = 0.05), and 25(OH)D levels and TNFα (r = − 0.58; p = 0.05) in vitamin D supplemented group. Conclusions Three weeks of vitamin D supplementation had a positive effect on serum 25(OH)D levels in endurance trained runners and it caused a marked decrease in post-exercise biomarkers levels. We concluded that vitamin D supplementation might play an important role in prevention of skeletal muscle injuries following exercise with eccentric muscle contraction in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Łakomy
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska Street 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eduard Bezuglov
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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31
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Girgis CM. Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Emerging Roles in Development, Anabolism and Repair. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:47-57. [PMID: 31312865 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This special issue article will focus on morphologic and functional roles of vitamin D in muscle, from strength to contraction to development and ageing and will characterise the controversy of VDR's expression in skeletal muscle, central to our understanding of vitamin D's effects on this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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32
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Mason RS, Rybchyn MS, Abboud M, Brennan-Speranza TC, Fraser DR. The Role of Skeletal Muscle in Maintaining Vitamin D Status in Winter. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz087. [PMID: 31598576 PMCID: PMC6776467 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The status of vitamin D is determined mainly by its formation in skin by the photochemical action of solar UVB light (wavelength 290-320 nm) on the precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol. Because of seasonal variation in intensity of solar UV light, vitamin D status falls in winter and rises in summer. It has been presumed that there is no functional store of vitamin D. Thus, to avoid deficiency, a nutritional supply would be required in winter. However, there is now evidence that the main circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, accumulates in skeletal muscle cells, which provide a functional store during the winter months. The mechanism is mediated by muscle cell uptake of circulating vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) through a megalin-cubilin membrane transport process. DBP then binds to cytoplasmic actin to provide an array of high-affinity binding sites for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. The repeated passage of 25(OH)D into and out of muscle cells would account for its long residence time in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Mason
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute
| | - Mark S Rybchyn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute
- Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - David R Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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33
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Pramono A, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of obesity-related insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3146. [PMID: 30801902 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The obese insulin-resistant state is often associated with low circulating concentration of vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3 ]. Fat sequestration of vitamin D in the expanded obese adipose tissue mass has been pointed out as a plausible explanation for this circulating vitamin D deficiency. However, the putative mechanisms behind this hypovitaminosis D remain to be elucidated. The presence of vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes in insulin-sensitive organs suggests that vitamin D may be involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and may be related to insulin sensitivity. Indeed, mainly in vitro studies support a role of vitamin D in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in several insulin-sensitive tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, as well as pancreatic insulin secretion. A potential role of vitamin D in gut barrier function and metabolism has also been suggested. This review summarizes recent knowledge on vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of obesity-related insulin resistance and discusses potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, the role of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriyan Pramono
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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34
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Aguilar-Jimenez W, Zapata W, Rivero-Juárez A, Pineda JA, Laplana M, Taborda NA, Biasin M, Clerici M, Caruz A, Fibla J, Rugeles MT. Genetic associations of the vitamin D and antiviral pathways with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection are influenced by interpopulation variability. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:276-286. [PMID: 31103723 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) may modulate anti-HIV-1 responses modifying the risk to acquire the HIV-1-infection. We performed a nested case-control exploratory study involving 413 individuals; HIV-1-exposed seropositives (cases) and seronegatives (HESN) (controls) from three cohorts: sexually-exposed from Colombia and Italy and parenterally-exposed from Spain. The association and interactions of 139 variants in 9 VitD pathway genes, and in 14 antiviral genes with resistance/susceptibility (R/S) to HIV-1 infection was evaluated. Associations between variants and mRNA levels were also analyzed in the Colombian samples. Variants and haplotypes in genes of VitD and antiviral pathways were associated with R/S, but specific associations were not reproduced in all cohorts. Allelic heterogeneity could explain such inconsistency since the associations found in all cohorts were consistently in the same genes: VDR and RXRA of the VitD pathway genes and in TLR2 and RNASE4. Remarkably, the multi-locus genotypes (interacting variants) observed in genes of VitD and antiviral pathways were present in most HESNs of all cohorts. Finally, HESNs carrying resistance-associated variants had higher levels of VitD in plasma, of VDR mRNA in blood cells, and of ELAFIN and defensins mRNA in the oral mucosa. In conclusion, despite allelic heterogeneity, most likely due to differences in the genetic history of the populations, the associations were locus dependent suggesting that genes of the VitD pathway might act in concert with antiviral genes modulating the resistance phenotype of the HESNs. Although these associations were significant after permutation test, only haplotype results remained statistically significant after Bonferroni test, requiring further replications in larger cohorts and functional analyzes to validate these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wbeimar Aguilar-Jimenez
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Wildeman Zapata
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia; Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 050012 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juárez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimonides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Laplana
- Unitat de Genètica Humana, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas UniRemington, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Universitaria Remington, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mara Biasin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche-L. Sacco, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Clerici
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy; Fondazione Don C, Gnocchi IRCCS, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Unidad de Inmunogenética, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Joan Fibla
- Unitat de Genètica Humana, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.
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Fayet-Moore F, Brock KE, Wright J, Ridges L, Small P, Seibel MJ, Conigrave AD, Mason RS. Determinants of vitamin D status of healthy office workers in Sydney, Australia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:127-134. [PMID: 30831196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D status, measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), has been linked to increased risk of osteoporosis and other disorders. Due to the indoor nature of office work, there may be an increased risk of 25OHD deficiency in this group. The aim of the current study was to evaluate seasonal variations of 25OHD in a population of healthy office workers, and to assess the effect of sun exposure behaviour, skin pigmentation, physical activity (PA) and dietary intake on serum 25OHD concentrations. We assessed the vitamin D status of healthy office workers in Sydney, Australia, at the end of summer (n = 103) and then at the end of winter (n = 71). Data on anthropometry, PA, dietary intake, sun exposure and skin phototype were collected along with blood samples. Serum 25OHD was measured by radioimmunoassay. Mean 25OHD concentration in late summer was 68 ± 27 nmol/L (range: 24-160 nmol/L), and in late winter was 59 ± 32 nmol/L (range: 15-174 nmol/L). 25OHD deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was observed in 29% and 42% of participants at end-summer and end-winter, respectively. Almost 10% of individuals were extremely deficient (<25 nmol/L) at end-winter, particularly those with dark skin (phototypes 5 and 6). Independent predictors of end-summer 25OHD were skin phototype (p < 0.02), summer sun exposure (p < 0.001) and skin area exposed (p = 0.005). The strongest predictor of end-winter 25OHD was end-summer 25OHD concentration (p < 0.001). If this was excluded from the model, the independent predictors of end-winter 25OHD were skin phototype (p < 0.01), sun exposure in winter (p = 0.01) and oily fish consumption (p < 0.05). Sunscreen use was significantly associated with higher vitamin D status (p < 0.05) as those who used sunscreen were also more likely to spend time outdoors. We conclude that sun exposure is beneficial for vitamin D status even with sunscreen use. Vitamin D supplements should be targeted to individuals who are darker skinned or unable to obtain adequate sun exposure, particularly during the winter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fayet-Moore
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Kaye E Brock
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jutta Wright
- Nestlé Australia Ltd., Rhodes NSW, 2138, Australia
| | - Leisa Ridges
- Nestlé Australia Ltd., Rhodes NSW, 2138, Australia
| | | | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Dzik KP, Kaczor JJ. Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:825-839. [PMID: 30830277 PMCID: PMC6422984 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides a current perspective on the mechanism of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function with the emphasis on oxidative stress, muscle anabolic state and muscle energy metabolism. It focuses on several aspects related to cellular and molecular physiology such as VDR as the trigger point of vitamin D action, oxidative stress as a consequence of vitamin D deficiency. METHOD The interaction between vitamin D deficiency and mitochondrial function as well as skeletal muscle atrophy signalling pathways have been studied and clarified in the last years. To the best of our knowledge, we summarize key knowledge and knowledge gaps regarding the mechanism(s) of action of vitamin D in skeletal muscle. RESULT Vitamin D deficiency is associated with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle that influences the mitochondrial function and affects the development of skeletal muscle atrophy. Namely, vitamin D deficiency decreases oxygen consumption rate and induces disruption of mitochondrial function. These deleterious consequences on muscle may be associated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) action. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of muscle atrophy. The possible signalling pathway triggering the expression of Atrogin-1 involves Src-ERK1/2-Akt- FOXO causing protein degradation. CONCLUSION Based on the current knowledge we propose that vitamin D deficiency results from the loss of VDR function and it could be partly responsible for the development of neurodegenerative diseases in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Patrycja Dzik
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland.
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Dang M, Shore-Lorenti C, McMillan LB, Mesinovic J, Hayes A, Ebeling PR, Scott D. Associations of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Physical Performance and Bone Health in Overweight and Obese Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030509. [PMID: 30759736 PMCID: PMC6388374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D status commonly accompanies obesity, and both vitamin D deficiency and obesity have been associated with falls and fracture risk in older adults. We aimed to determine the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations with physical performance and bone health in community-dwelling, overweight and obese older men and women. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 84 participants with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (mean ± SD age 62.4 ± 7.9 years; 55% women). Physical function was determined by short physical performance battery, hand grip and quadriceps strength, and stair climb power tests. Body composition and bone structure were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, respectively. Mean ± SD 25(OH)D was 49.6 ± 17.7 nmol/L, and 50% of participants had low 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L) levels. 25(OH)D concentrations were positively associated with quadricep strength and stair climb power in women (B = 0.15; 95% CI 0.02–0.27 kg and B = 1.07; 95% CI 0.12–2.03 W, respectively) but not in men. There were no associations between 25(OH)D and bone parameters in either sex after multivariable adjustment (all p > 0.05). Lower 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with poorer quadricep strength and muscle power in overweight and obese older women but not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dang
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Cat Shore-Lorenti
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
| | - Lachlan B McMillan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
| | - Jakub Mesinovic
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine⁻Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans 3021, Australia.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia.
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine⁻Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans 3021, Australia.
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Scimeca M, Centofanti F, Celi M, Gasbarra E, Novelli G, Botta A, Tarantino U. Vitamin D Receptor in Muscle Atrophy of Elderly Patients: A Key Element of Osteoporosis-Sarcopenia Connection. Aging Dis 2018; 9:952-964. [PMID: 30574409 PMCID: PMC6284754 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationship between sarcopenia (evaluated in term of fibers atrophy), vitamin d receptor protein expression and TaqI/Cdx2/FokI VDR genotypes in an Italian cohort of osteoporosis(n=44) and osteoarthritis (n=55) patients. Muscle biopsies were fixed and investigated by both immunohistochemistry (vitamin d receptor expression) and transmission electron microscopy (satellite stem cells niches). Vitamin d receptor polymorphisms were studied on DNA extracted from muscle paraffin sections. For the first time, we reported that aging differently affects the VDR activation in OA and OP patients. In particular, while in OP patients we observed a significant reduction of VDR positive myonuclei with age, no “age effect” was observed in OA patients. The frequent activation of VDR could explain the lower number of atrophic fiber that we observed in OA patients respect to OP. From genetic point of view, we showed a putative association among polymorphisms FokI and Cdx2 of VDR gene, vitamin d receptor activation and the occurrence of sarcopenia. Altogether these data open new prospective for the prevention and cure of age-related muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- 1Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,2IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Centofanti
- 1Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Monica Celi
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Gasbarra
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- 1Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,4Neuromed IRCCS, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- 1Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- 3Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Rome, Italy.,5Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
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39
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Perham CC, Gifford CL, Woerner DR, Engle TE, Sellins KS, Acheson RJ, Douglass LW, Tatum JD, Delmore RJ, Cifelli A, McNeill SH, Belk KE. Special-Fed Veal: Separable components, proximate composition, and nutrient analysis of selected raw and cooked, wholesale and retail cuts. Meat Sci 2018; 148:19-31. [PMID: 30292700 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research continues to be important for consumers to make informed food purchasing decisions and is used in nutrition policy decisions. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutrient concentration of raw and cooked cuts from special-fed veal calves to update nutrient data in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) Release 27. Packages of wholesale (whole loin roasts, center-cut hindshanks and ground veal) and retail veal cuts (osso buco foreshanks, loin chops, leg cutlets and shoulder blade chops) were randomly collected in original vacuum packaging from six U.S. suppliers. Packages were shipped to the Colorado State University Meat Laboratory for cut dissection, cooking, and nutrient analysis. Composites of lean, external fat and seam fat were formed for analysis of proximate, fatty acid, vitamin and mineral composition. Results from this study identified additional fatty acids, established choline concentration, and provided updated veal nutrient composition information for inclusion in USDA SR 27.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Perham
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - C L Gifford
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - D R Woerner
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - T E Engle
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - K S Sellins
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - R J Acheson
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - J D Tatum
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - R J Delmore
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - A Cifelli
- National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Centennial, CO 80112, USA
| | - S H McNeill
- National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Centennial, CO 80112, USA
| | - K E Belk
- Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1170, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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40
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Zürcher SJ, Quadri A, Huber A, Thomas L, Close GL, Brunner S, Noack P, Gojanovic B, Kriemler S. Predictive Factors for Vitamin D Concentrations in Swiss Athletes: A Cross-sectional Study. Sports Med Int Open 2018; 2:E148-E156. [PMID: 30539132 PMCID: PMC6259462 DOI: 10.1055/a-0669-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D concentrations corresponding to 75 nmol/L 25(OH)D have been associated with maintained muscle function, growth and regeneration, optimal bone health and immunology in athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predictors of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations in athletes. Six hundred three Swiss athletes were assessed. 25(OH)D was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A standardized questionnaire was used to gather information about potential predictors for 25(OH)D concentrations; 50.5% showed insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations. Differences in predicted probability of insufficient 25(OH)D were found for those vitamin D supplemented (42%) versus not supplemented (52%), in those performing indoor (58%) versus outdoor sports (43%), and during the sun-deprived seasons of fall (49%), winter (70%) and spring (57%) compared with summer (17%). Higher BMI z-scores and age were associated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations. In conclusion, insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations were common among athletes especially at a younger age, among those not supplemented, in athletes who trained indoors, and during the sun-deprived seasons. Because the prevalence of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations in this study was high, regular supplementation in athletes may be indicated, except perhaps during the summer season. Further research is needed to determine which 25(OH)D concentrations lead to optimal health and performance in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Joel Zürcher
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Quadri
- Spital Bulach, Internal Medicine, Bulach, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Huber
- Kantonsspital Aarau, Labaratory Medicine, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Lothar Thomas
- Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Central laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Graeme Leonard Close
- LJMU, Sports Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Saskia Brunner
- Kantonsspital Aarau, Labaratory Medicine, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Noack
- Medbase Abtwil, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Abtwil, Switzerland
| | - Boris Gojanovic
- Hopital de la Tour, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Abboud M, Rybchyn MS, Rizk R, Fraser DR, Mason RS. Sunlight exposure is just one of the factors which influence vitamin D status. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:302-313. [PMID: 28139795 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00329j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the determinants of vitamin D status have tended to concentrate on input - exposure to ultraviolet B radiation and the limited sources in food. Yet, vitamin D status, determined by circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), can vary quite markedly in groups of people with apparently similar inputs of vitamin D. There are small effects of polymorphisms in the genes for key proteins involved in vitamin D production and metabolism, including 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which converts 7-dehydrocholesterol, the precursor of vitamin D, to cholesterol, CYP2R1, the main 25-hydroxylase of vitamin D, GC, coding for the vitamin D binding protein which transports 25(OH)D and other metabolites in blood and CYP24A1, which 24-hydroxylates both 25(OH)D and the hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 25(OH)D has a highly variable half-life in blood. There is evidence that the half-life of 25(OH)D is affected by calcium intake and some therapeutic agents. Fat tissue seems to serve as a sink for the parent vitamin D, which is released mainly when there are reductions in adiposity. Some evidence is presented to support the proposal that skeletal muscle provides a substantial site of sequestration of 25(OH)D, protecting this metabolite from degradation by the liver, which may help to explain why exercise, not just outdoors, is usually associated with better vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abboud
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia. and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia and College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities-Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M S Rybchyn
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia. and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
| | - R Rizk
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D R Fraser
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R S Mason
- Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Australia. and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, Australia
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42
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Abstract
Vitamin D is increasingly recognised to play an important role in normal muscle function. Low vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of falls and proximal weakness. Since vitamin D deficiency is very common, and the signs are non-specific, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion of vitamin D deficiency in patients with muscle pain and weakness, and it is simple to measure serum 25(OH) vitamin D. Therapy is cheap, safe and effective, but sometimes a larger dose may be needed, and, as shown in our case report, willingness of people to pay for an over the counter medication can be an issue. Following a striking case report that demonstrates muscle defects in severe vitamin D deficiency, we discuss clinical studies examining specific effects of vitamin D on physical performance, muscle strength and falls. Finally, we present an overview of molecular mechanisms that explain vitamin D's biological effects on muscle. Low vitamin D is associated with an increased risk of falls and proximal weakness. Therapy is cheap, safe and effective, but larger doses may be needed and willingness to pay for over the counter medications can be an issue. We present an overview of molecular mechanisms that explain vitamin D’s biological effects on muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research, The Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Division of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christian M Girgis
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology Research, The Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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43
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Serrano MA. Contribution of sun exposure to the vitamin D dose received by various groups of the Spanish population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:545-551. [PMID: 29156273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the harmful effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation are well known, the recommended dose of UV radiation is beneficial for the synthesis of vitamin D by the skin, in addition to being useful in the treatment of various illnesses and mental problems. Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D performs important functions in the human organism, such as absorbing calcium and phosphorous and contributing to the immune system, among others. Several studies have found that a high percentage of various groups of the Spanish population suffer from vitamin D deficiency, and since very few natural foods contain vitamin D, it was considered important to determine whether groups such as schoolchildren, outdoor workers and athletes, receive enough solar radiation to produce adequate levels of vitamin D in their daily activities. It was found that the amount of vitamin D (in IU) produced by personal effective solar UV doses could exceed the recommended dose of 1000IU/day in spring and summer, while the winter estimate (about 220IU/day) is only one quarter of the recommended dose. These results suggest that most people would not receive the recommended daily vitamin D dose in winter from exposure to solar UV radiation, the main source of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Antonia Serrano
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Abboud M, Rybchyn MS, Ning YJ, Brennan-Speranza TC, Girgis CM, Gunton JE, Fraser DR, Mason RS. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) modifies uptake and release of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in skeletal muscle cells in culture. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:109-115. [PMID: 29107178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D], has a remarkably long half-life in blood for a (seco)steroid. Data from our studies and others are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a role for skeletal muscle in the maintenance of vitamin D status. Muscle cells internalise vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) from the circulation by means of a megalin/cubilin plasma membrane transport mechanism. The internalised DBP molecules then bind to actin and thus provide an intracellular array of high affinity binding sites for its specific ligand, 25(OH)D. There is evidence that the residence time for DBP in muscle cells is short and that it undergoes proteolytic degradation, releasing bound 25(OH)D. The processes of internalisation of DBP and its intracellular residence time, bound to actin, appear to be regulated. To explore whether 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) has any effect on this process, cell cultures of myotubes and primary skeletal muscle fibers were incubated in a medium containing 10-10M calcitriol but with no added DBP. After 3h pre-incubation with calcitriol, the net uptake of 25(OH)D by these calcitriol-treated cells over a further 4h was significantly greater than that in vehicle-treated control cells. This was accompanied by a significant increase in intracellular DBP protein. However, after 16h of pre-incubation with calcitriol, the muscle cells showed a significantly depressed ability to accumulate 25(OH)D compared to control cells over a further 4 or 16hours. These effects of pre-incubation with calcitriol were abolished in fibers from VDR-knockout mice. The effect was also abolished by the addition of 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS), which inhibits chloride channel opening. Incubation of C2 myotubes with calcitriol also significantly reduced retention of previously accumulated 25(OH)D after 4 or 8h. It is concluded from these in vitro studies that calcitriol can modify the DBP-dependent uptake and release of 25(OH)D by skeletal muscle cells in a manner that suggests some inducible change in the function of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abboud
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M S Rybchyn
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Y J Ning
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - T C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C M Girgis
- Westmead Clinical School, and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J E Gunton
- Westmead Clinical School, and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D R Fraser
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R S Mason
- School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Wu CJ, Kao TW, Tsai CK, Chang YW, Peng TC, Yang HF, Wu LW, Chen WL. Was the calf circumference associated with serum vitamin D level in obesity and non-obesity adults. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481:42-48. [PMID: 29481775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSED This study examined the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and common anthropometric parameters. METHODS The data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 through 2004. We divided all subjects into two groups with a cut-off point for body mass index set at 30. The primary outcome was the potential relationship between the anthropometric parameters and 25(OH)D status. RESULTS A positive association was found between the 25(OH)D levels and calf circumference (CC) in all of the designed models (P < 0.001). The adjusted β coefficient of the 25(OH)D levels for the CC was 0.542 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.376-0.708, P < 0.001) after adjusting for all covariates. An increasing linear tendency for 25(OH)D was present in non-obese participants. Additionally, subjects in the higher tertiles of CC tended to have higher 25(OH)D levels with a significant correlation (P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSION A positive association between 25(OH)D concentration and CC in non-obese individuals was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Yang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Sun X, Cao ZB, Tanisawa K, Taniguchi H, Kubo T, Higuchi M. Effects of chronic endurance exercise training on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in elderly Japanese men. Endocrine 2018; 59:330-337. [PMID: 29170904 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are positively related to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations; however, the response of 25(OH)D concentrations to chronic endurance exercise training is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations were directly increased by 5 weeks of endurance exercise training and influenced by changes in body fat in elderly men. METHODS Twenty elderly Japanese men were randomized to either the 5-week endurance exercise training group (ET group; N = 10) or the sedentary control group (SC group; N = 10). Fasting blood samples were collected to determine serum 25(OH)D and other blood parameters. The visceral fat area and hepatic fat content were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS After 5 weeks of endurance exercise training, the levels of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) were significantly increased from 23.3 at baseline to 28.1 mL/kg/min at the endpoint for the ET group; levels were unchanged for the SC group. A significant seasonal reduction in serum 25(OH)D concentrations was observed in the SC group (P < 0.05), while no change was found in the ET group. The results may be partly attributed to the slight decrease in intrahepatic fat in the ET group. No changes were observed in percent body fat or visceral fat area. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that 5 weeks of endurance training could inhibit the seasonal reduction in serum 25(OH)D concentrations without changes in body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- School of Public Health, Xi' an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi'an, China
- Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi'an, China
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, 200438, Shanghai, China.
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | | | - Takafumi Kubo
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
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Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Couturier C, Astier J, Dalifard J, Defoort C, Svilar L, Martin JC, Tourniaire F, Landrier JF. Gene Expression Pattern in Response to Cholecalciferol Supplementation Highlights Cubilin as a Major Protein of 25(OH)D Uptake in Adipocytes and Male Mice White Adipose Tissue. Endocrinology 2018; 159:957-966. [PMID: 29186386 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the active form of vitamin D (i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]) regulates the expression of genes involved in its own metabolism and transport in the kidney and possibly in the liver. However, little is known about the transcriptional impact of cholecalciferol supplementation on white adipose tissue (WAT) and adipocytes, which are a major site of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] storage in the organism. To fill this gap, we investigated the impact of cholecalciferol supplementation in WAT via a panel of genes coding for enzymes and proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism and uptake. Mice supplemented with cholecalciferol (15,000 IU/kg of body weight per day) for 4 days showed decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of proteins involved in cholecalciferol metabolism (Cyp24a1, Cyp27a1) and decreased cubilin mRNA levels in WAT. These data were partly confirmed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes incubated with 1,25(OH)2D. The downregulation of cubilin mRNA observed in WAT and in 3T3-L1 was confirmed at the protein level in WAT and at the mRNA level in human primary adipocytes. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist (EB1089) and RNA interference approaches demonstrated that VDR was involved in this regulation. Furthermore, chemical inhibitor and RNA inference analysis demonstrated that cubilin was involved in 25(OH)D uptake by adipocytes. This study established an overall snapshot of the genes regulated by cholecalciferol in mouse WAT and cell-autonomously in adipocytes. We highlighted that the regulation of cubilin expression was mediated by a VDR-dependent mechanism, and we demonstrated that cubilin was involved in 25(OH)D uptake by adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Bonnet
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Astier
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Dalifard
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Defoort
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Criblage Biologique Marseille, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France
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Merchant RA, van Dam RM, Tan LWL, Lim MY, Low JL, Morley JE. Vitamin D Binding Protein and Vitamin D Levels in Multi-Ethnic Population. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:1060-1065. [PMID: 30379303 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been associated with many negative health outcomes including falls and fractures. 25(OH)D is largely bound to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). There is increasing evidence that free or bioavailable 25(OH)D may be a better measure of vitamin D deficiency. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and VDBP levels in multi-ethnic population, and its impact on muscle strength. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of older adults in Western region of Singapore. 295 participants from three ethnic groups were selected from the Healthy Older People Everyday (HOPE) cohort for measurements of total 25(OH)D and VDBP levels. Total 25(OH)D, VDBP, frailty status, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and grip strength (GS) were assessed. Albumin, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were only available for 256 participants. RESULTS 53% of Malay and 55% of Indians were deficient in 25(OH)D compared with 18.2% of ethnic Chinese participants. Chinese also had higher total 25(OH)D concentrations with a mean of 29.1 ug/l, (p = <0.001). Chinese had the lowest level of VDBP (169.6ug/ml) followed by Malay (188.8 ug/ml) and Indian having the highest (220.1 ug/ml). Calculated bioavailable and free 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in Chinese, followed by Malays and Indians, which also correlated with better grip strength measures amongst the Chinese. CONCLUSION The Malays and Indians had overall lower free, bioavailable and total 25(OH)D compared with ethnic Chinese. Chinese ethnic group also had the lowest VDBP and better overall grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Merchant
- A/Prof Reshma A Merchant, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, , Tel: 67795555
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Vitamin D and Neurological Diseases: An Endocrine View. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112482. [PMID: 29160835 PMCID: PMC5713448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D system comprises hormone precursors, active metabolites, carriers, enzymes, and receptors involved in genomic and non-genomic effects. In addition to classical bone-related effects, this system has also been shown to activate multiple molecular mediators and elicit many physiological functions. In vitro and in vivo studies have, in fact, increasingly focused on the "non-calcemic" actions of vitamin D, which are associated with the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular morbidity, autoimmunity, inflammation, and cancer. In parallel, growing evidence has recognized that a multimodal association links vitamin D system to brain development, functions and diseases. With vitamin D deficiency reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, there is now concern that optimal levels of vitamin D in the bloodstream are also necessary to preserve the neurological development and protect the adult brain. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between vitamin D and neurological diseases.
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