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Ding L, Weger BD, Liu J, Zhou L, Lim Y, Wang D, Xie Z, Liu J, Ren J, Zheng J, Zhang Q, Yu M, Weger M, Morrison M, Xiao X, Gachon F. Maternal high fat diet induces circadian clock-independent endocrine alterations impacting the metabolism of the offspring. iScience 2024; 27:110343. [PMID: 39045103 PMCID: PMC11263959 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has long-term effects on offspring metabolic health. Among the potential mechanisms, prior research has indicated potential disruptions in circadian rhythms and gut microbiota in the offspring. To challenge this hypothesis, we implemented a maternal high fat diet regimen before and during pregnancy, followed by a standard diet after birth. Our findings confirm that maternal obesity impacts offspring birth weight and glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, we found minimal impact on circadian rhythms and microbiota that are predominantly driven by the feeding/fasting cycle. Notably, maternal obesity altered rhythmic liver gene expression, affecting mitochondrial function and inflammatory response without disrupting the hepatic circadian clock. These changes could be explained by a masculinization of liver gene expression similar to the changes observed in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Intriguingly, such alterations seem to provide the first-generation offspring with a degree of protection against obesity when exposed to a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin D. Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yenkai Lim
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ziyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Meltem Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Flores-Sierra JDJ, Muciño-Arellano MDR, Romo-Morales GDC, Sánchez-Palafox JE, Correa-Navarro VA, Colín-Castelán D, Pérez-Vázquez V, Rangel-Salazar R, Rivera-Bustamante R, de la Rocha C, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Trejo-Saavedra DL, Molina-Torres J, Ramírez-Chávez E, García-Rojas NS, Winkler R, Lund G, Zaina S. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine blunts the response to a high-animal fat and protein diet in mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100586. [PMID: 38942113 PMCID: PMC11325794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence hints that DNA hypermethylation may mediate the pathogenic response to cardiovascular risk factors. Here, we tested a corollary of that hypothesis, that is, that the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (Dec) ameliorates the metabolic profile of mice fed a moderately high-animal fat and protein diet (HAFPD), a proxy of cardiovascular risk-associated Western-type diet. HAFPD-fed mice were exposed to Dec or vehicle for eight weeks (8W set, 4-32/group). To assess any memory of past exposure to Dec, we surveyed a second mice set treated as 8W but HAFPD-fed for further eight weeks without any Dec (16W set, 4-20/group). In 8W, Dec markedly reduced HAFPD-induced body weight gain in females, but marginally in males. Characterization of females revealed that Dec augmented skeletal muscle lipid content, while decreasing liver fat content and increasing plasma nonesterified fatty acids, adipose insulin resistance, and-although marginally-whole blood acylcarnitines, compared to HAFPD alone. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA copy number was higher in 8W mice exposed to HAFPD and Dec, or in 16W mice fed HAFPD only, relative to 8W mice fed HAFPD only, but Dec induced a transcriptional profile indicative of ameliorated mitochondrial function. Memory of past Dec exposure was tissue-specific and sensitive to both duration of exposure to HAFPD and age. In conclusion, Dec redirected HAFPD-induced lipid accumulation toward the skeletal muscle, likely due to augmented mitochondrial functionality and increased lipid demand. As caveat, Dec induced adipose insulin resistance. Our findings may help identifying strategies for prevention and treatment of lipid dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de Jesús Flores-Sierra
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/ITS de Purísima del Rincón, Purísima del Rincón, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Dannia Colín-Castelán
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico
| | - Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico
| | - Rubén Rangel-Salazar
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen de la Rocha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico.
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico.
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Jiao P, Lu H, Hao L, Degen AA, Cheng J, Yin Z, Mao S, Xue Y. Nutrigenetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Maternal Nutrition-Induced Glucolipid Metabolism Changes in the Offspring. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae048. [PMID: 38781288 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy regulates the offspring's metabolic homeostasis, including insulin sensitivity and the metabolism of glucose and lipids. The fetus undergoes a crucial period of plasticity in the uterus; metabolic changes in the fetus during pregnancy caused by maternal nutrition not only influence fetal growth and development but also have a long-term or even life-long impact for the offspring. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, play important roles in intergenerational and transgenerational effects. In this context, this narrative review comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying how maternal nutrition, including a high-fat diet, polyunsaturated fatty acid diet, methyl donor nutrient supplementation, feed restriction, and protein restriction during pregnancy, impacts the genes involved in glucolipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, hypothalamus, muscle, and oocytes of the offspring in terms of the epigenetic modifications. This will provide a foundation for the further exploration of nutrigenetic and epigenetic mechanisms for integrative mother-child nutrition and promotion of the offspring's health through the regulation of maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Note: This paper is part of the Nutrition Reviews Special Collection on Precision Nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huizhen Lu
- Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center, Qinghai Academy of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - A Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Costa SO, Chaves WF, Lopes PKF, Silva IM, Burguer B, Ignácio-Souza LM, Torsoni AS, Milanski M, Rodrigues HG, Desai M, Ross MG, Torsoni MA. Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet modulates the inflammatory response in their offspring, mediated by the M1 muscarinic receptor. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273556. [PMID: 38193079 PMCID: PMC10773672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with various metabolic disorders and diseases. Both pre-pregnancy and maternal obesity can have long-term consequences on offspring health. Furthermore, consuming an HFD in adulthood significantly increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, an intriguing phenomenon known as the obesity paradox suggests that obesity may confer a protective effect on mortality outcomes in sepsis. In sepsis, activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) can help mitigate systemic inflammation. We employed a metabolic programming model to explore the relationship between maternal HFD consumption and offspring response to sepsis. Methods We fed female mice either a standard diet (SC) or an HFD during the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation periods. Subsequently, we evaluated 28-day-old male offspring. Results Notably, we discovered that offspring from HFD-fed dams (HFD-O) exhibited a higher survival rate compared with offspring from SC-fed dams (SC-O). Importantly, inhibition of the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (m1mAChR), involved in the CAP, in the hypothalamus abolished this protection. The expression of m1mAChR in the hypothalamus was higher in HFD-O at different ages, peaking on day 28. Treatment with an m1mAChR agonist could modulate the inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. Specifically, CAP activation was greater in the liver of HFD-O following agonist treatment. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge failed to induce a more inflammatory state in HFD-O, in contrast to SC-O, and agonist treatment had no additional effect. Analysis of spleen immune cells revealed a distinct phenotype in HFD-O, characterized by elevated levels of CD4+ lymphocytes rather than CD8+ lymphocytes. Moreover, basal Il17 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were lower while Il22 mRNA levels were higher in HFD-O, and we observed the same pattern after LPS challenge. Discussion Further examination of myeloid cells isolated from bone marrow and allowed to differentiate showed that HFD-O macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Additionally, treatment with the m1mAChR agonist contributed to reducing inflammatory marker levels in both groups. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HFD-O are protected against LPS-induced sepsis, and this protection is mediated by the central m1mAChR. Moreover, the inflammatory response in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow-differentiated macrophages is diminished. However, more extensive analysis is necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which m1mAChR modulates the immune response during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyma Oliveira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Wenicios Ferreira Chaves
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Iracema M. Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Burguer
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leticia M. Ignácio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Michael Glenn Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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La Colla A, Cámara CA, Campisano S, Chisari AN. Mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetics underlying the link between early-life nutrition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:281-294. [PMID: 35067233 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early-life malnutrition plays a critical role in foetal development and predisposes to metabolic diseases later in life, according to the concept of 'developmental programming'. Different types of early nutritional imbalance, including undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiency, have been related to long-term metabolic disorders. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that disturbances in nutrition during the period of preconception, pregnancy and primary infancy can affect mitochondrial function and epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, even though multiple mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been described, in the past years, special attention has been given to mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria play a key role in cellular metabolic functions. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to oxidative stress, insulin resistance and inflammation. Epigenetic mechanisms have been related to alterations in genes involved in lipid metabolism, fibrogenesis, inflammation and tumorigenesis. In accordance, studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetics linked to early-life nutrition can be important contributing factors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetics and nutrition during early life, which is relevant to developmental programming of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela La Colla
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Anahí Cámara
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Campisano
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Nancy Chisari
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Guriec N, Le Foll C, Delarue J. Long-chain n-3 PUFA given before and throughout gestation and lactation in rats prevent high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male offspring in a tissue-specific manner. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1121-1136. [PMID: 36688295 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) given to pregnant rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet may prevent fetal programming in male offspring at adulthood. Six weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation, female nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a chow (C) diet, HF (60·6 % fat from maize, rapeseed oils and lard) or HF in which one-third of fat was replaced by fish oil (HF n-3). At weaning, the three offspring groups were randomly separated in two groups fed C diet, or HF without LC n-3 PUFA, for 7 weeks until adulthood. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test both at weaning and at adulthood. Insulin signalling was determined in liver, muscle and adipose tissue by quantification of the phosphorylation of Akt on Ser 473 at adulthood. At weaning, as at adulthood, offspring from HF-fed dams were obese and displayed glucose intolerance (GI) and insulin resistance (IR), but not those from HFn-3 fed dams. Following the post-weaning C diet, phosphorylation of Akt was strongly reduced in all tissues of offspring from HF dams, but to a lesser extent in liver and muscle of offspring from HFn-3 dams. However, it was abolished in all tissues of all offspring groups fed the HF post-weaning diet. Thus, LC n-3 PUFA introduced in a HF in dams partially prevented the transmission of GI and IR in adult offspring even though they were fed without LC n-3 PUFA from weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Guriec
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
- ER 7479 SPURBO, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
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Nguyen LT, Pollock CA, Saad S. Nutrition and Developmental Origins of Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4207. [PMID: 37836490 PMCID: PMC10574202 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental programming hypothesis proposes that adverse environmental insults during critical developmental periods increase the risk of diseases later in life. The kidneys are deemed susceptible to such a process, although the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Many factors have been reported to contribute to the developmental origin of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), among which peri-gestational nutrition has a central role, affecting kidney development and metabolism. Physiologically, the link between malnutrition, reduced glomerular numbers, and increased blood pressure is key in the developmental programming of CKD. However, recent studies regarding oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic changes have revealed potential novel pathways for therapeutic intervention. This review will discuss the role of imbalanced nutrition in the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T. Nguyen
- Renal Research Group, Kolling Institute, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (C.A.P.); (S.S.)
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Purcell AR, Glastras SJ. Maternal Weight Management to Prevent the Developmental Programming of MAFLD in Offspring of Obese Mothers. Nutrients 2023; 15:2155. [PMID: 37432265 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global surge of obesity amongst women of reproductive age has raised concerns surrounding the health consequences for their offspring as there is a formidable link between an obesogenic maternal environment and the developmental programming of metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Specifically, the offspring of mothers with obesity have a three-fold higher risk of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) compared to the offspring of healthy-weight mothers. Given the burgeoning burden of obesity and its comorbidities, it is essential to focus research efforts on methods to alleviate the intergenerational onset of obesity and MAFLD. This review summarizes the current research surrounding the developmental programming of MAFLD in the offspring of mothers with obesity and examines the potential for weight interventions to prevent such metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. It focuses on the benefits of pre-pregnancy interventional strategies, including dietary and exercise intervention, to ameliorate adverse liver health outcomes in the offspring. The utility and translation of these interventions for humans may be difficult for prospective mothers with obesity, thus the use of pre-pregnancy therapeutic weight loss aids, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Renae Purcell
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Jean Glastras
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
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Whittaker J. Dietary trends and the decline in male reproductive health. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:165-197. [PMID: 36725796 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the twentieth century, male reproductive health has suffered a substantial decline, as evidenced by decreases in sperm counts and testosterone levels and increases in reproductive pathologies. At the same time, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome has risen dramatically. Metabolic and reproductive health are highly interconnected, suggesting that their respective trends are intertwined and, given the timeframe of such trends, environmental and not genetic factors are most likely to be the primary causes. Industrialization, which began in Europe in the mid-eighteenth century, has resulted in profound changes to our diet, lifestyle, and environment, many of which are causal factors in the rise in chronic diseases. Industrialization results in a nutrition transition from an agricultural unprocessed to a modern processed diet, incorporating increases in sugar, vegetable oils, ultra-processed foods, linoleic acid, trans-fats, and total energy. This dietary shift has incurred numerous adverse effects on metabolic and reproductive health, characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Moreover, these effects appear to multiply across subsequent generations via epigenetic inheritance. Men's fertility is markedly affected by obesity and diabetes, with an increase in total energy via processed food intake arguably being the key factor driving the diabesity pandemic. In contrast, wholefoods rich in micronutrients and phytonutrients support male fertility and a healthy body weight. Therefore, men wanting to maximize their fertility should consider making positive dietary changes, such as replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods that support metabolic and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Whittaker
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK.
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Ye W, Wen C, Zeng A, Hu X. Increased levels of circulating oxidized mitochondrial DNA contribute to chronic inflammation in metabolic syndrome, and MitoQ-based antioxidant therapy alleviates this DNA-induced inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 560:111812. [PMID: 36334615 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, the aim was to investigate the role of circulating oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) in metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated chronic inflammation and evaluate the effect of Mito-Quinone (MitoQ)-based antioxidant therapy on inflammation. A total of 112 MetS patients and 111 healthy control individuals (HCs) were recruited. Peripheral blood was collected, and mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. In a preclinical study, MitoQ, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, was administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). In vitro, H2O2- or MitoQ-treated HUVECs served as the oxidative or antioxidative cell models to detect the cell-free ox-mtDNA level. Plasma or cell-free ox-mtDNA levels were measured by qPCR. Additionally, THP-1 cells were incubated with plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from MetS patients and HCs or cell-free ox-mtDNA to detect TLR9-NF-κB pathway activation. Plasma ox-mtDNA levels and TLR9 expression levels in PBMCs were increased in MetS patients. In vivo, HFD-fed rats showed elevated plasma ox-mtDNA and TLR9 expression levels in cardiac-residing immune cells, but MitoQ administration attenuated these increases. In vitro, a significant lower level of cell-free ox-mtDNA was detected in MitoQ-treated cells, compared with H2O2-treated cells. Coincubation of plasma cfDNA from MetS patients or cell-free ox-mtDNA and THP-1 cells increased TLR9-NF-κB p65 expression, and promoted IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, increased circulating ox-mtDNA contributes to chronic inflammation in MetS by activating the TLR9-NF-κB pathway. MitoQ-based antioxidant therapy effectively alleviates inflammation by reducing ox-mtDNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Chaowei Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Aibing Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xingzhong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Dingli Clinical School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Zhang P, Liu Y, Zhu D, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Huang Q, Li M, Chen Y, Sun M. Sirt3 negatively regulates Glut4 in skeletal muscle insulin resistance in old male offspring rats fed with maternal high fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Maternal high-fat diet programs white and brown adipose tissue lipidome and transcriptome in offspring in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:831-842. [PMID: 34997206 PMCID: PMC8960419 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has drastically increased during the last decades and maternal obesity has been demonstrated as one of the ultimate factors. Nutrition-stimulated transgenerational regulation of key metabolic genes is fundamental to the developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome. Fetal nutrition may differently influence female and male offspring. Methods Mice dam were fed either a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6-week prior mating and continued their respective diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, female and male offspring were fed the HFD until sacrifice. White (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues were investigated in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance at two different timepoints in life (midterm and endterm) and tissues were collected at endterm for lipidomic analysis and RNA sequencing. We explored the sex-dependent metabolic adaptation and gene programming changes by maternal HFD in visceral AT (VAT), subcutaneous AT (SAT) and BAT of offspring. Results We show that the triglyceride profile varies between adipose depots, sexes and maternal diet. In female offspring, maternal HFD remodels the triglycerides profile in SAT and BAT, and increases thermogenesis and cell differentiation in BAT, which may prevent metabolic complication later in life. Male offspring exhibit whitening of BAT and hyperplasia in VAT when born from high-fat mothers, with impaired metabolic profile. Maternal HFD differentially programs gene expression in WAT and BAT of female and male offspring. Conclusion Maternal HFD modulates metabolic profile in offspring in a sex-dependent manner. A sex- and maternal diet-dependent gene programming exists in VAT, SAT, and BAT which may be key player in the sexual dimorphism in the metabolic adaptation later in life.
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Sugino KY, Mandala A, Janssen RC, Gurung S, Trammell M, Day MW, Brush RS, Papin JF, Dyer DW, Agbaga MP, Friedman JE, Castillo-Castrejon M, Jonscher KR, Myers DA. Western diet-induced shifts in the maternal microbiome are associated with altered microRNA expression in baboon placenta and fetal liver. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:945768. [PMID: 36935840 PMCID: PMC10012127 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.945768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal consumption of a high-fat, Western-style diet (WD) disrupts the maternal/infant microbiome and contributes to developmental programming of the immune system and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the offspring. Epigenetic changes, including non-coding miRNAs in the fetus and/or placenta may also underlie this risk. We previously showed that obese nonhuman primates fed a WD during pregnancy results in the loss of beneficial maternal gut microbes and dysregulation of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in the fetal liver, leading to a perturbed postnatal immune response with accelerated NAFLD in juvenile offspring. Here, we investigated associations between WD-induced maternal metabolic and microbiome changes, in the absence of obesity, and miRNA and gene expression changes in the placenta and fetal liver. After ~8-11 months of WD feeding, dams were similar in body weight but exhibited mild, systemic inflammation (elevated CRP and neutrophil count) and dyslipidemia (increased triglycerides and cholesterol) compared with dams fed a control diet. The maternal gut microbiome was mainly comprised of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales, with significantly decreased alpha diversity (P = 0.0163) in WD-fed dams but no community-wide differences (P = 0.26). At 0.9 gestation, mRNA expression of IL6 and TNF in maternal WD (mWD) exposed placentas trended higher, while increased triglycerides, expression of pro-inflammatory CCR2, and histological evidence for fibrosis were found in mWD-exposed fetal livers. In the mWD-exposed fetus, hepatic expression levels of miR-204-5p and miR-145-3p were significantly downregulated, whereas in mWD-exposed placentas, miR-182-5p and miR-183-5p were significantly decreased. Notably, miR-1285-3p expression in the liver and miR-183-5p in the placenta were significantly associated with inflammation and lipid synthesis pathway genes, respectively. Blautia and Ruminococcus were significantly associated with miR-122-5p in liver, while Coriobacteriaceae and Prevotellaceae were strongly associated with miR-1285-3p in the placenta; both miRNAs are implicated in pathways mediating postnatal growth and obesity. Our findings demonstrate that mWD shifts the maternal microbiome, lipid metabolism, and inflammation prior to obesity and are associated with epigenetic changes in the placenta and fetal liver. These changes may underlie inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis patterns that drive NAFLD and metabolic disease risk in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron Y. Sugino
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ashok Mandala
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sunam Gurung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - MaJoi Trammell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michael W. Day
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Richard S. Brush
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - James F. Papin
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Karen R. Jonscher
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- CORRESPONDENCE: Karen R. Jonscher,
| | - Dean A. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is the entry gate for nutrients and symbiotic organisms, being in constant contact with external environment. DNA methylation is one of the keys to how environmental conditions, diet and nutritional status included, shape functionality in the gut and systemically. This review aims to summarise findings on the importance of methylation to gut development, differentiation and function. Evidence to date on how external factors such as diet, dietary supplements, nutritional status and microbiota modifications modulate intestinal function through DNA methylation is also presented.
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Li Y, Pollock CA, Saad S. Aberrant DNA Methylation Mediates the Transgenerational Risk of Metabolic and Chronic Disease Due to Maternal Obesity and Overnutrition. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111653. [PMID: 34828259 PMCID: PMC8624316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a rapidly evolving universal epidemic leading to acute and long-term medical and obstetric health issues, including increased maternal risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the future risks for offspring's predisposition to metabolic diseases. Epigenetic modification, in particular DNA methylation, represents a mechanism whereby environmental effects impact on the phenotypic expression of human disease. Maternal obesity or overnutrition contributes to the alterations in DNA methylation during early life which, through fetal programming, can predispose the offspring to many metabolic and chronic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize findings from human and animal studies, which support the role of maternal obesity in fetal programing and the potential benefit of altering DNA methylation to limit maternal obesity related disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Izquierdo V, Palomera-Ávalos V, Pallàs M, Griñán-Ferré C. Resveratrol Supplementation Attenuates Cognitive and Molecular Alterations under Maternal High-Fat Diet Intake: Epigenetic Inheritance over Generations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1453. [PMID: 33535619 PMCID: PMC7867164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors such as maternal high-fat diet (HFD) intake can increase the risk of age-related cognitive decline in adult offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms are a possible link between diet effect and neurodegeneration across generations. Here, we found a significant decrease in triglyceride levels in a high-fat diet with resveratrol (RSV) HFD + RSV group and the offspring. Firstly, we obtained better cognitive performance in HFD+RSV groups and their offspring. Molecularly, a significant increase in DNA methylation (5-mC) levels, as well as increased gene expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) and Dnmt3a in HFD + RSV F1 group, were found. Furthermore, a significant increase of N6-Methyladenosine methylation (m6A) levels in HFD+RSV F1, as well as changes in gene expression of its enzymes Methyltransferase like 3 (Mettl3) and FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (Fto) were found. Moreover, we found a decrease in gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as Interleukin 1β (Il1-β), Interleukin 6 (Il-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl-10), the pro-inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp-1) and Tumor growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) in HFD+RSV and HFD+RSV F1 groups. Moreover, there was increased gene expression of neurotrophins such as Neural growth factor (Ngf), Neurotrophin-3 (Nt3), and its receptors Tropomyosin receptor kinase TrkA and TrkB. Likewise, an increase in protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt) in HFD+RSV F1 was found. These results suggest that maternal RSV supplementation under HFD intake prevents cognitive decline in senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8) adult offspring, promoting a reduction in triglycerides and leptin plasma levels, changes in the pro-inflammatory profile, and restoring the epigenetic landscape as well as synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Izquierdo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències—Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (V.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Verónica Palomera-Ávalos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Guadalajara, km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales highway, 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències—Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (V.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències—Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (V.I.); (M.P.)
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Maude H, Sanchez-Cabanillas C, Cebola I. Epigenetics of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681356. [PMID: 34046015 PMCID: PMC8147868 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is largely recognized as a unifying feature that underlies metabolic dysfunction. Both lifestyle and genetic factors contribute to IR. Work from recent years has demonstrated that the epigenome may constitute an interface where different signals may converge to promote IR gene expression programs. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in hepatic IR, focusing on the roles of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications. We discuss the broad epigenetic changes observed in the insulin resistant liver and its associated pathophysiological states and leverage on the wealth of 'omics' studies performed to discuss efforts in pinpointing specific loci that are disrupted by these changes. We envision that future studies, with increased genomic resolution and larger cohorts, will further the identification of biomarkers of early onset hepatic IR and assist the development of targeted interventions. Furthermore, there is growing evidence to suggest that persistent epigenetic marks may be acquired over prolonged exposure to disease or deleterious exposures, highlighting the need for preventative medicine and long-term lifestyle adjustments to avoid irreversible or long-term alterations in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inês Cebola
- *Correspondence: Hannah Maude, ; Inês Cebola,
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18
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Adverse effects of fetal exposure of electronic-cigarettes and high-fat diet on male neonatal hearts. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 118:104573. [PMID: 33212125 PMCID: PMC8501912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in children born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. The cardiovascular risk in the offspring associated with in utero nicotine exposure is further exaggerated by maternal obesity. The consumption of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is alarmingly increasing among adolescents and young adults without the knowledge of their harmful health effects. There has also been a substantial increase in e-cigarette use by women of reproductive age. This study investigates the detrimental effects of gestational exposure of e-cigarette and a high-fat diet (HFD) on neonatal hearts. Time-mated pregnant mice were fed a HFD and exposed to saline or e-cigarette aerosol with 2.4% nicotine from embryonic day 4 (E4) to E20. We demonstrated that in utero exposure of e-cigarettes and HFD from E4 to E20 triggers cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis in the offspring at postnatal day1 (PND1), PND3, and PND14. Induction of CM apoptosis following gestational exposure of e-cigarettes and HFD was associated with inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), increased cardiac oxidative stress coupled with perturbation of cardiac BAX/ BCL-2 ratio and activation of caspase 3 at PND 14. Electron microscopy further revealed that left ventricles of pups at PND14 after e-cigarette exposure exhibited apoptotic nuclei, convoluted nuclear membranes, myofibrillar derangement, and enlarged mitochondria occasionally showing signs of crystolysis, indicative of cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunction. Our results show profound adverse effects of prenatal exposure of e-cigarette plus HFD in neonatal hearts that may lead to long-term adverse cardiac consequences in the adult.
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19
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Maternal resistance to diet-induced obesity partially protects newborn and post-weaning male mice offspring from metabolic disturbances. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:660-670. [PMID: 33023711 DOI: 10.1017/s204017442000094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rising rate of childhood overweight follows the increase in maternal obesity, since perinatal events impact offspring in a diversity of metabolic disorders. Despite many studies that have linked dietary consumption, overnutrition, or maternal obesity as the mediators of fetal metabolic programming, there are gaps regarding the knowledge about the contribution of different maternal phenotypes to the development of metabolic disturbances in offspring. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption without the development of the obese phenotype would protect offspring from metabolic disturbances. Female mice were fed standard chow diet or a HFD for 4 weeks before mating. HFD females were classified into obesity-resistant (OR) or obesity-prone (OP), according to weight gain. OP females presented with higher adiposity, fasting serum glucose and insulin, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). Newborn offspring from OP dams showed higher serum glucose and insulin and alteration in hepatic gene expression that may have contributed to the rise in hepatic fat content and decline of glycogen levels in the liver. Despite offspring from OR and OP females having showed similar growth after the day of delivery, offspring from OP females had higher caloric intake, fasting glucose, serum triglycerides and altered hepatic gene expression, as well as glucose and pyruvate intolerance and lower insulin sensitivity at d28 compared with offspring from OR females. Maternal pre-pregnancy serum glucose, insulin, and NEFA positively correlated with serum glucose and fat liver content and negatively correlated with hepatic glycogen in offspring. In conclusion, our results show that maternal resistance to diet-induced obesity partially protects offspring from early metabolic disturbances.
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20
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Charron MJ, Williams L, Seki Y, Du XQ, Chaurasia B, Saghatelian A, Summers SA, Katz EB, Vuguin PM, Reznik SE. Antioxidant Effects of N-Acetylcysteine Prevent Programmed Metabolic Disease in Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:1650-1661. [PMID: 32444367 PMCID: PMC7372077 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An adverse maternal in utero and lactation environment can program offspring for increased risk for metabolic disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-inflammatory antioxidant, attenuates programmed susceptibility to obesity and insulin resistance in offspring of mothers on a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy. CD1 female mice were acutely fed a standard breeding chow or HFD. NAC was added to the drinking water (1 g/kg) of the treatment cohorts from embryonic day 0.5 until the end of lactation. NAC treatment normalized HFD-induced maternal weight gain and oxidative stress, improved the maternal lipidome, and prevented maternal leptin resistance. These favorable changes in the in utero environment normalized postnatal growth, decreased white adipose tissue (WAT) and hepatic fat, improved glucose and insulin tolerance and antioxidant capacity, reduced leptin and insulin, and increased adiponectin in HFD offspring. The lifelong metabolic improvements in the offspring were accompanied by reductions in proinflammatory gene expression in liver and WAT and increased thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue. These results, for the first time, provide a mechanistic rationale for how NAC can prevent the onset of metabolic disease in the offspring of mothers who consume a typical Western HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J Charron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lyda Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yoshinori Seki
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xiu Quan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ellen B Katz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Patricia M Vuguin
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Sandra E Reznik
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY
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21
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Suarez-Trujillo A, Huff K, Ramires Ferreira C, Paschoal Sobreira TJ, Buhman KK, Casey T. High-fat-diet induced obesity increases the proportion of linoleic acyl residues in dam serum and milk and in suckling neonate circulation. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:736-749. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMaternal obesity increases the risk of offspring to become obese and develop related pathologies. Exposure to maternal high-fat diet (HFD) only during lactation increases the risk of obesity-related diseases, suggesting that factors in milk affect long-term health. We hypothesized that prepregnancy obesity induced by HFD alters milk lipidome, and in turn, alterations may affect neonate serum lipidome. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prepregnancy obesity induced by HFD on circulating lipids in dams and neonates and in milk. Female mice were fed an HFD (60% kcal fat) or control diet (CON, 10% kcal fat) beginning 4 weeks before breeding. On postnatal day 2 (PND2), pups were cross-fostered to create pup groups exposed to HFD during pregnancy, lactation, or both or exposed to CON. On PND12, dams were milked and then euthanized along with pups to collect blood. Serum and milk were processed for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) lipidomics profiling to quantify the relative expression of lipid classes. Lipidome of HFD dam serum and milk had increased proportion of C18:2 free fatty acid and fatty acyl residues in all lipid classes. Lipidome of serum from pups exposed to maternal HFD during lactation was similarly affected. Thus, maternal HFD induced redistribution of fatty acyl residues in the dam’s circulation, which was associated with modification in milk and suckling neonate’s lipidome. Further studies are needed to determine if increased circulating levels of C18:2 in neonate affects development and predisposes offspring to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katelyn Huff
- Animal Sciences Department, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
- Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Ramires Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Theresa Casey
- Animal Sciences Department, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
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Physical exercise and liver "fitness": Role of mitochondrial function and epigenetics-related mechanisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2019; 32:1-14. [PMID: 32029220 PMCID: PMC6931125 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern lifestyles, especially high-caloric intake and physical inactivity, contribute to the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which becomes a significant health problem worldwide. Lifestyle changes, however, affect not only parental generation, but also their offspring, reinforcing the need for efficient preventive approaches to deal with this disease. This transgenerational influence of phenotypes dependent on parents (particularly maternal) behaviours may open additional research avenues. Despite persistent attempts to design an effective pharmacological therapy against NAFLD, physical activity, as a non-pharmacological approach, emerges as an exciting strategy. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we briefly review the effect of physical exercise on liver mitochondria adaptations in NAFLD, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism and transgenerational and epigenetic mechanisms in liver diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A deeper look into cellular mechanisms sheds a light on possible effects of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD through modulation of function and structure of particular organelles, namely mitochondria. Additionally, despite of increasing evidence regarding the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of different diseases, the role of microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification in NAFLD pathogenesis still needs to be elucidated.
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23
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Safi-Stibler S, Gabory A. Epigenetics and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Parental environment signalling to the epigenome, critical time windows and sculpting the adult phenotype. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 97:172-180. [PMID: 31587964 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The literature about Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) studies is considerably growing. Maternal and paternal environment, during all the development of the individual from gametogenesis to weaning and beyond, as well as the psychosocial environment in childhood and teenage, can shape the adult and the elderly person's susceptibility to her/his own environment and diseases. This non-conventional, non-genetic, inheritance is underlain by several mechanisms among which epigenetics is obviously central, due to the notion of memory of early decisional events during development even when this stimulus is gone, that is implied in Waddington's developmental concept. This review first summarizes the different mechanisms by which the environment can model the epigenome: receptor signalling, energy metabolism and signal mechanotransduction from extracellular matrix to chromatin. Then an overview of the epigenetic changes in response to maternal environment during the vulnerability time windows, gametogenesis, early development, placentation and foetal growth, and postnatal period, is described, with the specific example of overnutrition and food deprivation. The implication of epigenetics in DOHaD is obvious, however the precise causal chain from early environment to the epigenome modifications to the phenotype still needs to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Safi-Stibler
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Şanlı E, Kabaran S. Maternal Obesity, Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on the Development of Metabolic Disorders. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:419-427. [PMID: 32476999 PMCID: PMC7235386 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191030092225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition, can lead to epigenetic alterations during pregnancy and these alterations can influence fetal and neonatal phenotype which increase the risk of metabolic disorders in later stages of life. OBJECTIVE The effects of maternal obesity on fetal programming and potential mechanisms of maternal epigenetic regulation of gene expression which have persistent effects on fetal health and development were investigated. METHODS Review of the literature was carried out in order to discuss the effects of maternal obesity and epigenetic mechanisms in fetal programming of metabolic disorders. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined and the most relevant articles were included in this review. RESULTS Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition during fetal period has important overall effects on long-term health. Maternal metabolic alterations during early stages of fetal development can lead to permanent changes in organ structures, cell numbers and metabolism. Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs) play an important role in disease susceptibility in the later stages of human life. Maternal nutrition alter expression of hypothalamic genes which can increase fetal and neonatal energy intake. Epigenetic modifications may affect the increasing rate of obesity and other metabolic disorders worldwide since the impact of these changes can be passed through generations. CONCLUSION Weight management before and during pregnancy, together with healthy nutritional intakes may improve the maternal metabolic environment, which can reduce the risks of fetal programming of metabolic diseases. Further evidence from long-term follow-up studies are needed in order to determine the role of maternal obesity on epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Şanlı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Seray Kabaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Kidney disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Poor glycemic control shows the strongest correlation with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) development. A period of poor glycemia increases kidney disease risk even after an extended period of improved glucose control-a phenomenon called metabolic memory. Changes in the epigenome have been proposed to mediate the metabolic memory effect, as epigenome editing enzymes are regulated by substrates of intermediate metabolism and changes in the epigenome can be maintained after cell division. RECENT FINDINGS Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have reported differentially methylated cytosines in blood and kidney samples of DKD subjects when compared with controls. Differentially methylated cytosines were enriched on regulatory regions and some correlated with gene expression. Methylation changes predicted the speed of kidney function decline. Site-specific methylome editing tools now can be used to interrogate the functional role of differentially methylated regions. Methylome changes can be detected in blood and kidneys of patients with DKD. Methylation changes can predict future kidney function changes. Future studies shall determine their role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Aranyi
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, 12-123 Smilow Translational Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, 12-123 Smilow Translational Research Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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26
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Rouschop SH, Karl T, Risch A, van Ewijk PA, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW. Gene expression and DNA methylation as mechanisms of disturbed metabolism in offspring after exposure to a prenatal HF diet. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1250-1259. [PMID: 31064776 PMCID: PMC6602131 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a prenatal high-fat (HF) diet leads to an impaired metabolic phenotype in mouse offspring. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated whether the impaired metabolic phenotype may be mediated through altered hepatic DNA methylation and gene expression. We showed that exposure to a prenatal HF diet altered the offspring’s hepatic gene expression of pathways involved in lipid synthesis and uptake (SREBP), oxidative stress response [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)], and cell proliferation. The downregulation of the SREBP pathway related to previously reported decreased hepatic lipid uptake and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in the offspring exposed to the prenatal HF diet. The upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway was associated with increased oxidative stress levels in offspring livers. The prenatal HF diet also induced hypermethylation of transcription factor (TF) binding sites upstream of lipin 1 (Lpin1), a gene involved in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, DNA methylation of Lpin1 TF binding sites correlated with mRNA expression of Lpin1. These findings suggest that the effect of a prenatal HF diet on the adult offspring’s metabolic phenotype are regulated by changes in hepatic gene expression and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Rouschop
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Karl
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angela Risch
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petronella A van Ewijk
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger W Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Thompson MD, Derse A, Ferey JLA, Reid M, Xie Y, Christ M, Chatterjee D, Nguyen C, Harasymowicz N, Guilak F, Moley KH, Davidson NO. Transgenerational impact of maternal obesogenic diet on offspring bile acid homeostasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E674-E686. [PMID: 30860882 PMCID: PMC6482665 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00474.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies show maternal obesity is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring. Here we evaluated potential mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. Female C57Bl6 mice were fed chow or an obesogenic high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet with subsequent mating of F1 and F2 female offspring to lean males to develop F2 and F3 generations, respectively. Offspring were fed chow or fibrogenic (high transfat, cholesterol, fructose) diets, and histopathological, metabolic changes, and bile acid (BA) homeostasis was evaluated. Chow-fed F1 offspring from maternal HF/HS lineages (HF/HS) developed periportal fibrosis and inflammation with aging, without differences in hepatic steatosis but increased BA pool size and shifts in BA composition. F1, but not F2 or F3, offspring from HF/HS showed increased steatosis on a fibrogenic diet, yet inflammation and fibrosis were paradoxically decreased in F1 offspring, a trend continued in F2 and F3 offspring. HF/HS feeding leads to increased periportal fibrosis and inflammation in chow-fed offspring without increased hepatic steatosis. By contrast, fibrogenic diet-fed F1 offspring from HF/HS dams exhibited worse hepatic steatosis but decreased inflammation and fibrosis. These findings highlight complex adaptations in NAFLD phenotypes with maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Thompson
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alaina Derse
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeremie LA Ferey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michaela Reid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Miranda Christ
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Deparment of Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chau Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Natalia Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kelle H Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicholas Oliver Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. A Maternal High-Fat Diet Induces DNA Methylation Changes That Contribute to Glucose Intolerance in Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:871. [PMID: 31920981 PMCID: PMC6923194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Overnutrition in utero is a critical contributor to the susceptibility of diabetes by programming, although the exact mechanism is not clear. In this paper, we aimed to study the long-term effect of a maternal high-fat (HF) diet on offspring through epigenetic modifications. Procedures: Five-week-old female C57BL6/J mice were fed a HF diet or control diet for 4 weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. At postnatal week 3, pups continued to consume a HF or switched to a control diet for 5 weeks, resulting in four groups of offspring differing by their maternal and postweaning diets. Results: The maternal HF diet combined with the offspring HF diet caused hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in male pups. Even after changing to the control diet, male pups exposed to the maternal HF diet still exhibited hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. The livers of pups exposed to a maternal HF diet had a hypermethylated insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) gene and a hypomethylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (Map2k4) gene. Correspondingly, the expression of the Irs2 gene decreased and that of Map2k4 increased in pups exposed to a maternal HF diet. Conclusion: Maternal overnutrition programs long-term epigenetic modifications, namely, Irs2 and Map2k4 gene methylation in the offspring liver, which in turn predisposes the offspring to diabetes later in life.
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Nyakudya TT, Mukwevho E, Erlwanger KH. The protective effect of neonatal oral administration of oleanolic acid against the subsequent development of fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction in male and female rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:82. [PMID: 30479649 PMCID: PMC6245863 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of fructose-rich diets has been implicated in the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Interventions during periods of early ontogenic developmental plasticity can cause epigenetic changes which program metabolism for positive or negative health benefits later in life. The phytochemical oleanolic acid (OA) possesses anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. We investigated the potential protective effects of neonatal administration of OA on the subsequent development of high fructose diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in rats. METHOD Male and female (N = 112) suckling rats were randomly assigned to four groups and administered orally: distilled water (DW), oleanolic acid (OA; 60 mg/kg), high-fructose solution (HF; 20% w/v) or OA + HF for 7 days. The rats were weaned onto normal commercial rat chow up to day 55. From day 56, half of the rats in each treatment group were continued on plain water and the rest on a high fructose solution as drinking fluid for 8 weeks. On day 110, the rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test and then euthanased on day 112. Tissue and blood samples were collected to determine the effects of the treatments on visceral fat pad mass, fasting plasma levels of cholesterol, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose tolerance. RESULTS Rats which consumed fructose as neonates and then later as adults (HF + F) and those which consumed fructose only in adulthood (DW + F) had significant increases in terminal body mass (females only), visceral fat mass (males and females), serum triglycerides (females only), epididymal fat (males only), fasting plasma glucose (males and females), impaired glucose metabolism (females only), β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (males and females) compared to the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). There were no differences in fasting serum cholesterol levels across all treatment groups in both male and female rats (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that neonatal oral administration of OA during the critical window of developmental plasticity protected against the development of health outcomes associated with fructose-induced metabolic disorders in the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T. Nyakudya
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Mukwevho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences & Agriculture, North West University, Mafikeng, Mmabatho, 2735 South Africa
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa
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Friedman JE. Developmental Programming of Obesity and Diabetes in Mouse, Monkey, and Man in 2018: Where Are We Headed? Diabetes 2018; 67:2137-2151. [PMID: 30348820 PMCID: PMC6198344 DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity and its comorbidities continue to accelerate across the globe. Two-thirds of pregnant women are obese/overweight, as are 20% of preschoolers. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is escalating, affecting up to 1 in 5 pregnant women. The field of developmental origins of health and disease has begun to move beyond associations to potential causal mechanisms for developmental programming. Evidence across species compellingly demonstrates that maternal obesity, diabetes, and Western-style diets create a long-lasting signature on multiple systems, including infant stem cells, the early immune system, and gut microbiota. Such exposures accelerate adipogenesis, disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, and impair energy sensing, affecting neurodevelopment, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Attempts to prevent developmental programming have met with very limited success. A challenging level of complexity is involved in how the host genome, metabolome, and microbiome throughout pregnancy and lactation increase the offspring's risk of metabolic diseases across the life span. Considerable gaps in knowledge include the timing of exposure(s) and permanence or plasticity of the response, encompassing effects from both maternal and paternal dysmetabolism. Basic, translational, and human intervention studies targeting pathways that connect diet, microbiota, and metabolism in mothers with obesity/GDM and their infants are a critical unmet need and present new challenges for disease prevention in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Wesolowski SR, Mulligan CM, Janssen RC, Baker PR, Bergman BC, D'Alessandro A, Nemkov T, Maclean KN, Jiang H, Dean TA, Takahashi DL, Kievit P, McCurdy CE, Aagaard KM, Friedman JE. Switching obese mothers to a healthy diet improves fetal hypoxemia, hepatic metabolites, and lipotoxicity in non-human primates. Mol Metab 2018; 18:25-41. [PMID: 30337225 PMCID: PMC6308036 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk begins in utero in offspring of obese mothers. A critical unmet need in this field is to understand the pathways and biomarkers underlying fetal hepatic lipotoxicity and whether maternal dietary intervention during pregnancy is an effective countermeasure. Methods We utilized a well-established non-human primate model of chronic, maternal, Western-style diet induced obesity (OB-WSD) compared with mothers on a healthy control diet (CON) or a subset of OB-WSD mothers switched to the CON diet (diet reversal; OB-DR) prior to and for the duration of the next pregnancy. Fetuses were studied in the early 3rd trimester. Results Fetuses from OB-WSD mothers had higher circulating triglycerides (TGs) and lower arterial oxygenation suggesting hypoxemia, compared with fetuses from CON and OB-DR mothers. Hepatic TG content, oxidative stress (TBARs), and de novo lipogenic genes were increased in fetuses from OB-WSD compared with CON mothers. Fetuses from OB-DR mothers had lower lipogenic gene expression and TBARs yet persistently higher TGs. Metabolomic profiling of fetal liver and serum (umbilical artery) revealed distinct separation of CON and OB-WSD groups, and an intermediate phenotype in fetuses from OB-DR mothers. Pathway analysis identified decreased tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, increased amino acid (AA) metabolism and byproducts, and increased gluconeogenesis, suggesting an increased reliance on AA metabolism to meet energy needs in the liver of fetuses from OB-WSD mothers. Components in collagen synthesis, including serum protein 5-hydroxylysine and hepatic lysine and proline, were positively correlated with hepatic TGs and TBARs, suggesting early signs of fibrosis in livers from the OB-WSD group. Importantly, hepatic gluconeogenic and arginine related intermediates and serum levels of lactate, pyruvate, several AAs, and nucleotide intermediates were normalized in the OB-DR group. However, hepatic levels of CDP-choline and total ceramide levels remained high in fetuses from OB-DR mothers. Conclusions Our data provide new metabolic evidence that, in addition to fetal hepatic steatosis, maternal WSD creates fetal hypoxemia and increases utilization of AAs for energy production and early activation of gluconeogenic pathways in the fetal liver. When combined with hyperlipidemia and limited antioxidant activity, the fetus suffers from hepatic oxidative stress and altered intracellular metabolism which can be improved with maternal diet intervention. Our data reinforce the concept that multiple “first hits” occur in the fetus prior to development of obesity and demonstrate new biomarkers with potential clinical implications for monitoring NAFLD risk in offspring. Maternal WSD increases fetal hypoxemia and utilization of AAs for gluconeogenesis. Maternal WSD increases fetal oxidative stress and precursors to liver fibrosis. Carnosine and l-proline uniquely correlated with fetal TG and oxidative stress. Fetal TGs were correlated with fetal arterial oxygen saturation. Diet reversal in obese WSD mothers prevents fetal hypoxemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter R Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | | | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, USA
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Ganguly A, Devaskar SU. High-fat diet affects pregestational adiposity and glucose tolerance perturbing gestational placental macronutrient transporters culminating in an obese offspring in wild-type and glucose transporter isoform 3 heterozygous null mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:192-201. [PMID: 30308381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) vs. control diet (CD) upon pregestational and gestational wild-type (wt) and glucose transporter (glut)3 heterozygous (glut3+/-) female mice and observed an increase in pregestational body weights, white adiposity (wt > glut3+/-), circulating cholesterol, and high-density lipoproteins, with glucose intolerance in both genotypes. The HFD-exposed offspring displayed reduced birth weight with catch up to CD-fed in wt vs. an increased birth weight persisting as such at weaning by day 21 in glut3+/- mice. To decipher the mechanism behind this genotype-specific difference in the HFD offspring's phenotype, we first examined placental macronutrient transporters and noted HFD-induced increase in CD36 in wt with no change in other FATPs, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporters and system L amino acid transporter in both genotypes. In contrast, while placental Glut1 increased in both the genotypes, only Glut3 increased in the glut3+/- genotype in response to HFD. Hence, we next assessed glut3+/- embryonic (ES) cells under differing stressors of low glucose, hypoxia and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Reduced Glut3-mediated glucose uptake in glut3+/- vs. wt ES cells culminated in deficient growth. We conclude that maternal HFD affects the in utero growth potential of the offspring by altering placental CD36 and Glut1 concentrations. In contrast, a differential effect on placental Glut3 concentrations between glut3+/- and wt genotypes is evident, with an increase occurring in the glut3+/- genotype alone. Deficient Glut3 in ES cells interferes with glucose uptake, cell survival and growth being further exaggerated with low glucose, hypoxia and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ganguly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
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Baker PR, Friedman JE. Mitochondrial role in the neonatal predisposition to developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3692-3703. [PMID: 30168806 DOI: 10.1172/jci120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global epidemic in obese children and adults, and the onset might have fetal origins. A growing body of evidence supports the role of developmental programming, whereby the maternal environment affects fetal and infant development, altering the risk profile for disease later in life. Human and nonhuman primate studies of maternal obesity demonstrate that risk factors for pediatric obesity and NAFLD begin in utero. The pathologic mechanisms for NAFLD are multifactorial but have centered on altered mitochondrial function/dysfunction that might precede insulin resistance. Compared with the adult liver, the fetal liver has fewer mitochondria, low activity of the fatty acid metabolic enzyme carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1, and little or no gluconeogenesis. Exposure to excess maternal fuels during fetal life uniquely alters hepatic fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, de novo lipogenesis, and mitochondrial health. These events promote increased oxidative stress and excess triglyceride storage, and, together with altered immune function and epigenetic changes, they prime the fetal liver for NAFLD and might drive the risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Baker
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Lin X, Xu F, Cui RR, Xiong D, Zhong JY, Zhu T, Li F, Wu F, Xie XB, Mao MZ, Liao XB, Yuan LQ. Arterial Calcification Is Regulated Via an miR-204/DNMT3a Regulatory Circuit Both In Vitro and in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2905-2916. [PMID: 29850805 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arterial calcification is a common cardiovascular disease that initiates from a process of osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs play an important role in regulating arterial calcification. miR-204 was significantly downregulated in calcified human renal arteries from patients with uremia; calcified arteries of mice, due to 5/6 nephrectomy with a high-phosphate diet (5/6 NTP); and in VSMCs induced by high phosphate concentration. The overexpression of miR-204 alleviated the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs. Bisulphite sequencing PCR revealed that CpG sites upstream of miR-204 DNA were hypermethylated in calcified VSMCs; in calcified arteries of mice, due to 5/6 NTP; and in calcified renal artery tissues from patients with uremia. Moreover, increased DNMT3a resulted in the hypermethylation of miR-204 in high phosphate concentration-induced VSMCs, whereas 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine could restore the expression of miR-204 in high phosphate concentration-induced VSMCs. Moreover, we found that DNMT3a was the target of miR-204, and the methylation ratio of miR-204 was decreased significantly, meaning that the expression of miR-204 was restored when DNMT3a was knocked down by using DNMT3a small interfering RNA, resulting in abrogation of the effect of high phosphate concentration on VSMC calcification. The progress of arterial calcification is regulated by the miR-204/DNMT3a regulatory circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxingzi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Biao Xie
- Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Zhi Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The biological changes that occur during pregnancy in the female mammal include shifts in hormonal regulation in preparation for parturition and lactation, and changes in energy metabolism. In women, studies have also shown that during pregnancy there is a reduction in bacterial species richness in the gut. In the current experiment rats were used to model the interaction of diet, reproductive status, and intestinal bacterial microbiota during pregnancy and lactation. In Experiment 1 rats were exposed to either standard chow or high-fat chow (60%) and were divided into two groups: unmated (NULL) or mated (RE). In Experiment 2, both NULL and RE rats were exposed to high-fat chow for a 30-day period. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that pregnancy impacted the gut microbiota in a similar manner to humans. The impact of reproductive status on microbiota composition, however, was stronger in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Diet-induced changes replicated some of the changes observed in humans, such as increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. However, in contrast to humans, pregnancy in rats did not increase β-diversity between microbiota from different animals. These results indicate that during pregnancy in rats, the gut microbiota is altered in a similar manner to that which occurs in women, and that these changes are further exaggerated by exposure to a HF diet. Thus, the rat may allow modelling the effects of consumption of HF food during pregnancy and enable future studies to determine the risks of HF diets during pregnancy and its consequences on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis E. Mann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA,CONTACT Phyllis E. Mann Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Evelo Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Widmer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
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36
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Clerget-Froidevaux MS, Sachs LM. High-Fat Diet and Pregnancy: Are You Ready To Take Risks for Your Offspring? Endocrinology 2017; 158:2716-2718. [PMID: 28911181 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Stéphanie Clerget-Froidevaux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Department of Life Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231 France
| | - Laurent M Sachs
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Department of Life Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231 France
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