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Saei Ghare Naz M, Farhadi-Azar M, Noroozzadeh M, Farahmand M, Ramezani Tehrani F. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2149-2160. [PMID: 38553980 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The co-occurrence of hormonal changes during menopause and the risk of cardio-metabolic disorders has been well studied. OBJECTIVE We explored the association of circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with diabetes (DM) among postmenopausal women. METHOD In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Library up to September 2023. Risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled estimates of mean differences in FSH levels were compared between postmenopausal women with and without DM. Correlations between FSH and fasting blood glucose (FBG)/insulin/homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as well as pooled effect sizes with their 95% CIs for risk of DM were calculated. RESULTS In this study, 14 articles, including 7878 postmenopausal women, met eligibility criteria. Most of the included studies had a low/moderate risk of bias. Women with DM had significantly lower FSH levels than those without DM (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.751 [95% CI, -1.129 to -.372], I2 = 82.46%, n = 1416). The pooled effect size for diabetes was 0.861 (95% CI, 0.740-1.001; I2 = 80.11%). The pooled risk estimate for DM based on the categorical FSH levels (high vs low) was (HR = 0.550; 95% CI, 0.356-0.850, I2 = 0). The significant inverse correlation was found between FSH levels and glycemic parameters: FBG (r= -0.285 [95% CI -0.441 to -0.113]; n = 1229), HOMA-IR (r = -0.241[-0.378 to -0.0924]; n = 1229) and insulin (r = -0.337 [-0.434 to -0.232]; n = 959)]. There were no statistically significant differences between estradiol levels among diabetic and nondiabetic groups; however, the SMD for luteinizing hormone was similar to that reported for FSH. CONCLUSION The available data indicated an indirect association between FSH levels and glucose disturbances among postmenopausal women, notwithstanding heterogeneity among included studies, and the complexity of various influential factors needs to be considered. Further efforts should be made to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbanoo Farhadi-Azar
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Noroozzadeh
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717413 Tehran, Iran
- The Foundation for Research & Education Excellence, AL, USA
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Liu ZT, Liu MH, Xiong Y, Wang YJ, Bu XL. Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38824621 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves multiple systems in the body. Numerous recent studies have revealed bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and bone, but the interaction between bone and brain in AD remains unclear. In this review, we summarize human studies of the association between bone and brain and provide an overview of their interactions and the underlying mechanisms in AD. We review the effects of AD on bone from the aspects of AD pathogenic proteins, AD risk genes, neurohormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the autonomic nervous system. Correspondingly, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of bone in the pathogenesis of AD, including bone-derived hormones, bone marrow-derived cells, bone-derived EVs, and inflammation. On the basis of the crosstalk between bone and the brain, we propose potential strategies for the management of AD with the hope of offering novel perspectives on its prevention and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: The pathogenesis of AD, along with its consequent changes in the brain, may involve disturbing bone homeostasis. Degenerative bone disorders may influence the progression of AD through a series of pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, relevant bone intervention strategies may be beneficial for the comprehensive management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Xiong J, Kang SS, Wang M, Wang Z, Xia Y, Liao J, Liu X, Yu SP, Zhang Z, Ryu V, Yuen T, Zaidi M, Ye K. FSH and ApoE4 contribute to Alzheimer's disease-like pathogenesis via C/EBPβ/δ-secretase in female mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6577. [PMID: 37852961 PMCID: PMC10584868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia. It is known that women with one ApoE4 allele display greater risk and earlier onset of AD compared with men. In mice, we previously showed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin that rises in post-menopausal females, activates its receptor FSHR in the hippocampus, to drive AD-like pathology and cognitive impairment. Here we show in mice that ApoE4 and FSH jointly trigger AD-like pathogenesis by activating C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signaling. ApoE4 and FSH additively activate C/EBPβ/δ-secretase pathway that mediates APP and Tau proteolytic fragmentation, stimulating Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles. Ovariectomy-provoked AD-like pathologies and cognitive defects in female ApoE4-TR mice are ameliorated by anti-FSH antibody treatment. FSH administration facilitates AD-like pathologies in both young male and female ApoE4-TR mice. Furthermore, FSH stimulates AD-like pathologies and cognitive defects in ApoE4-TR mice, but not ApoE3-TR mice. Our findings suggest that in mice, augmented FSH in females with ApoE4 but not ApoE3 genotype increases vulnerability to AD-like process by activating C/EBPβ/δ-secretase signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shan-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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Xiong J, Zhang Z, Ye K. C/EBPβ/AEP Signaling Drives Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1173-1185. [PMID: 36735152 PMCID: PMC10313643 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Almost two-thirds of patients with AD are female. The reason for the higher susceptibility to AD onset in women is unclear. However, hormone changes during the menopausal transition are known to be associated with AD. Most recently, we reported that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes AD pathology and enhances cognitive dysfunctions via activating the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ)/asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) pathway. This review summarizes our current understanding of the crucial role of the C/EBPβ/AEP pathway in driving AD pathogenesis by cleaving multiple critical AD players, including APP and Tau, explaining the roles and the mechanisms of FSH in increasing the susceptibility to AD in postmenopausal females. The FSH-C/EBPβ/AEP pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, 518034, China.
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Zhao S, Hu S, Sun K, Luo L, Zeng L. Pu-erh tea intake enhances the anti-obesity effect of intermittent fasting via modulating follicle-stimulating hormone and gut dysbacteriosis in female high-fat-diet mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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6
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Banack HR, Bea JW, Chen Z, Blew RM, Nicholas S, Stefanick M, Wild RA, Manson JE, Odegaard AO. Longitudinal patterns of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, total body composition, and anthropometric measures in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:288-296. [PMID: 36739471 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal adiposity, including visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (VAT and SAT), is recognized as a strong risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, cancer, and mortality. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this analysis is to describe longitudinal patterns of change in abdominal adipose tissue in postmenopausal women, overall and stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and years since menopause. METHODS The data are from six years of follow up on 10,184 postmenopausal women (7828 non-Hispanic White women, 1423 non-Hispanic Black women, and 703 Hispanic women) who participated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). The WHI is a large prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women across the United States. All participants in this analysis had DXA scans in the 1990s as part of the WHI protocol. Hologic APEX software was used to re-analyze archived DXA scans and obtain measures of abdominal adipose tissue. Analyses examined differences in abdominal adipose tissue, overall adiposity, and anthropometric variables. RESULTS There were important differences in VAT and SAT by age and race/ethnicity. In women <60 years, VAT increased over the follow-up period, while in women ≥70 years, VAT decreased. Non-Hispanic Black women had the highest levels of SAT. Hispanic women had the highest VAT levels. Women more than ten years since menopause had less SAT and more VAT than women less than ten years since menopause, resulting in a higher VAT/SAT ratio. There was a moderate to strong correlation between measures of abdominal adipose tissue and anthropometric measurements of body size. Still, there were substantial differences in the quantity of VAT and SAT within BMI and waist circumference categories. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate differences in VAT and SAT according to age, race/ethnicity, time since menopause, and compared to standard measures of body composition in a large and diverse cohort of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey R Banack
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Skye Nicholas
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Robert A Wild
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Biostatistics and Epidemiology Oklahoma University Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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7
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García-Sánchez J, Mafla-España MA, Torregrosa MD, Cauli O. Androstenedione and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Concentration Predict the Progression of Frailty Syndrome at One Year Follow-Up in Patients with Localized Breast Cancer Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071634. [PMID: 35884939 PMCID: PMC9312841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The standard treatment in postmenopausal women with estrogen- and progesterone-positive localized breast cancer consists of aromatase inhibitors (AROi). The ability of AROi to promote or worsen frailty syndrome over time and the relationship with changes in gonadal hormones concentration in blood have not been investigated. Methods: A prospective study to evaluate the relationship between frailty syndrome and gonadal hormones concentrations in blood at baseline (prior to AROi treatment) and after 6 and 12 months under AROi treatment in post-menopausal women with breast cancer. Frailty syndrome was evaluated by the Fried’ criteria. We evaluated whether hormone concentration at baseline could predict frailty syndrome at follow-up. Results: Multinomial regression analysis showed that of the different hormones, those significantly (p < 0.05) associated to the worsening of frailty syndrome were high androstenedione levels and low follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in blood. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed both androstenedione and FSH significantly (p < 0.05) discriminate patients who developed or presented worsening of frailty syndrome over time, with acceptable sensitivity (approximately 80% in both cases) but low specificity (40%). Conclusion: Hormonal concentrations before AROi treatment constitute possible biomarkers to predict the progression of frailty syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Sánchez
- Medical Oncology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.D.T.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Center of Wallonie Picardy, 7500 Tournai, Belgium
| | - Mayra Alejandra Mafla-España
- Frailty Research Organized Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Torregrosa
- Medical Oncology Department, Doctor Peset University Hospital, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Omar Cauli
- Frailty Research Organized Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Gottfried S. Women: Diet, Cardiometabolic Health, and Functional Medicine. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2022; 33:621-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Dietary Complex and Slow Digestive Carbohydrates Promote Bone Mass and Improve Bone Microarchitecture during Catch-Up Growth in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061303. [PMID: 35334960 PMCID: PMC8951765 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catch-up growth is a process that promotes weight and height gains to recover normal growth patterns after a transient period of growth inhibition. Accelerated infant growth is associated with reduced bone mass and quality characterized by poor bone mineral density (BMD), content (BMC), and impaired microarchitecture. The present study evaluated the effects of a diet containing slow (SDC) or rapid (RDC) digestible carbohydrates on bone quality parameters during the catch-up growth period in a model of diet-induced stunted rats. The food restriction period negatively impacted BMD, BMC, and microarchitecture of appendicular and axial bones. The SDC diet was shown to improve BMD and BMC of appendicular and axial bones after a four-week refeeding period in comparison with the RDC diet. In the same line, the micro-CT analysis revealed that the trabecular microarchitecture of tibiae and vertebrae was positively impacted by the dietary intervention with SDC compared to RDC. Furthermore, features of the cortical microstructure of vertebra bones were also improved in the SDC group animals. Similarly, animals allocated to the SDC diet displayed modest improvements in growth plate thickness, surface, and volume compared to the RDC group. Diets containing the described SDC blend might contribute to an adequate bone formation during catch-up growth thus increasing peak bone mass, which could be linked to reduced fracture risk later in life in individuals undergoing transient undernutrition during early life.
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Zhou L, Wong KY, Poon CCW, Yu W, Xiao H, Chan CO, Mok DKW, Wong MS. Water Extract of Rhizoma Drynaria Selectively Exerts Estrogenic Activities in Ovariectomized Rats and Estrogen Receptor-Positive Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:817146. [PMID: 35282447 PMCID: PMC8908013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.817146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the bone protective actions of herbal medicine Rhizoma Drynariae (Gusuibu, RD) were mainly mediated by flavonoid phytoestrogens via estrogen receptors, raising concerns about the safety of using RD as it may induce estrogen-like risk-benefit profile and interact with other ER ligands, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), when coadministered. The present study evaluated the estrogenic activities of RD and its potential interaction with tamoxifen, a SERM, in estrogen-sensitive tissues by using mature ovariectomized (OVX) rats and ER-positive cells. Similar to but weaker than tamoxifen, RD at its clinical dose dramatically ameliorated OVX-induced changes in bone and dopamine metabolism-related markers in OVX rats. However, tamoxifen, but not RD, induced uterotrophic effects. No significant alteration in mammary gland was observed in OVX rats treated with RD, which was different from the inhibitory actions of tamoxifen. The two-way ANOVA results indicated the interactions between RD and tamoxifen in the bone, brain, and uterus of OVX rats while RD did not alter their responses to tamoxifen. Our results demonstrate that RD selectively exerts estrogenic actions in a different manner from tamoxifen. Moreover, RD interacts with tamoxifen without altering its effects in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Ying Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christina Chui-Wa Poon
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenxuan Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huihui Xiao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-On Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Man-Sau Wong,
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11
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Xu L, Zhao Q, Li K, Zhang Y, Wang C, Hind K, Wang L, Liu Y, Cheng X. The Role of Sex Hormones on Bone Mineral Density, Marrow Adiposity, and Muscle Adiposity in Middle-Aged and Older Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:817418. [PMID: 35265038 PMCID: PMC8899107 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.817418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The etiology of age-related bone loss is less clear in men. This study is aimed to observe the variations of endogenous sex hormone concentrations with increasing of age in men, and investigate their relations to bone mass, marrow adiposity, and muscle adiposity. METHODS A total of 199 community-dwelling Chinese men (aged 41 to 82 years) were included and measured of serum total estradiol, total testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Vertebral trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured by quantitative computed tomography for all participants, and vertebral marrow fat content and erector muscle fat content were quantified by Chemistry-shift-encoding magnetic resonance imaging in 62 participants. RESULTS In this population, FSH concentration increased (p < 0.001) gradually with aging. Lower vBMD was independently associated with higher FSH concentration (β = -0.216, p < 0.001), but not with total estradiol or total testosterone. For each standard deviation increase in FSH there was a 50% higher risk of an individual having osteopenia or osteoporosis (vBMD < 120 mg/cm3). Marrow fat content and erector muscle fat content were greater in osteopenic and osteoporotic men, but there were no associations with sex hormones concentrations. CONCLUSION In summary, FSH but not total estradiol or total testosterone is related to vertebral trabecular vBMD in middle-aged and older Chinese men. Neither marrow adiposity nor muscle adiposity is associated with sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- International Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Karen Hind
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Cheng,
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12
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Guligowska A, Chrzastek Z, Pawlikowski M, Pigłowska M, Pisarek H, Winczyk K, Kostka T. Gonadotropins at Advanced Age - Perhaps They Are Not So Bad? Correlations Between Gonadotropins and Sarcopenia Indicators in Older Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:797243. [PMID: 35002975 PMCID: PMC8739969 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.797243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hormones fluctuate during the aging process. It has been suggested that gonadotropins, which increase with age, contribute to the occurrence of many diseases and syndromes in older life, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, frailty syndrome and osteoporosis. This study aims to assess the relationship between circulating gonadotropins and other hormones potentially contributing to age-related functional decline and sarcopenia indicators in 39 male and 61 female community-dwelling seniors, mean age 80 years. According to the definition developed by the second European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), the following indicators of the sarcopenia were assessed: bioimpedance-measured body composition, gait speed, handgrip strength, timed up and go test (TUG), chair stand test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and cortisol were also measured. In the men, FSH and partially LH correlated positively with muscle mass percentage, gait speed, handgrip strength and SPPB, and negatively with percent body fat. Additionally, testosterone and DHEAS correlated negatively with the percentage of fat mass in men. Whereas in the women, FSH and LH were mainly negatively associated with body mass and adipose tissue measures. Cortisol did not show any relationship with the examined indicators. The study shows that the indicators of sarcopenia are strongly associated with levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones and DHEAS, especially in older men. The obtained results, after being confirmed in a larger group, may modify prevention and treatment strategies of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Chrzastek
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Pawlikowski
- Department of Immunoendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Pigłowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Pisarek
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Chair of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winczyk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Chair of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Wong KY, Zhou L, Yu W, Poon CCW, Xiao H, Chan CO, Mok DKW, Wong MS. Water extract of Er-xian decoction selectively exerts estrogenic activities and interacts with SERMs in estrogen-sensitive tissues. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114096. [PMID: 33823166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The increasing use of "kidney"-nourishing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) like Er-xian decoction (EXD) for management of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis has aroused concerns about their safety, and whether they interact with prescription drugs as both of them act via estrogen receptors (ERs) and regulate serum estradiol. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate whether EXD selectively exerted estrogenic activities and interacted with Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, mature ovariectomized (OVX) rats were administrated with EXD or combined treatment of EXD and SERMs for 12 weeks. The tissue-selective effect of EXD and its interaction of SERMs were studied in four estrogen sensitive tissues, bone, brain, breast and uterus. In vitro, the interaction of extracts of EXD-treated serum and SERMs in four ER-positive cell lines. RESULTS In OVX rats, EXD selectively alleviated estrogen deficiency-induced changes in the bone and brain without inducing any estrogenic effects in the breast or uterus. Two-way ANOVA indicated the presence of interactions between EXD and SERMs in OVX rats but EXD did not significantly alter the tissue responses to SERMs in the bone, breast or brain. Indeed, the combined use of EXD and SERMs appeared to suppress the estrogenic effect of raloxifene and tamoxifen in the uterus. Extract of EXD-treated serum directly stimulated cell proliferation or differentiation in human osteosarcoma MG-63, neuroblastoma SHSY5Y, breast cancer MCF-7, and endometrial Ishikawa cells. Two-way ANOVA revealed that EXD-treated serum interacted with SERMs at various concentrations and altered the effects of tamoxifen in MG-63 and MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS EXD exerted estrogenic effects in a tissue-selective manner and interacted with SERMs. Combined treatment of EXD and SERMs did not hamper the beneficial effects of SERMs on the bone or brain but appeared to moderate the estrogenic effect of SERMs in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ying Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Christina Chui-Wa Poon
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Huihui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Chi-On Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
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Puelker SM, Ribeiro de Castro SR, de Souza RR, Maifrino LBM, Nucci RAB, Sitta MDC. Age-Related Effects on Right Femoral Bone of Male Wistar Rats: A Morphometric and Biomechanical Study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Study of the variations of bone characteristics with age in different animal models is important to design musculoskeletal studies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the bone mass, dimensions, and biomechanical parameters of the femur in young, middle-aged, and aged Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods Thirty male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided in three groups (n = 10 per group)—3-month-old young rats, 12-month-old middle-aged rats, and 18-months-old aged rats. The right femurs were subjected sequentially to morphometric study (bone weight, cortical thickness) and biomechanical tests (maximum resistance strength and bone stiffness).
Results We observed a significant increase in femur histological (cortical thickness) and biomechanical (maximum strength and bone stiffness) parameters with aging when compared with young animals.
Conclusions With the advancing age, the right femoral bone of middle-aged and old animals had greater variations when compared with young animals. However, further studies with the aid of a comparison between right and left femur and other long bones in both male and female rats are needed to corroborate with our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Martins Puelker
- Department of Aging Sciences, Sao Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Beatriz Mesiano Maifrino
- Medical School of the ABC District, Av. Lauro Gomes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci
- Department of Aging Sciences, Sao Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Sitta
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein sex hormones regulating development and reproduction and bind to specific G protein–coupled receptors expressed in the gonads. Their effects on multiple signaling cascades and intracellular events have recently been characterized using novel technological and scientific tools. The impact of allosteric modulators on gonadotropin signaling, the role of sugars linked to the hormone backbone, the detection of endosomal compartments supporting signaling modules, and the dissection of different effects mediated by these molecules are areas that have advanced significantly in the last decade. The classic view providing the exclusive activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and the steroidogenic pathway by these hormones has been expanded with the addition of novel signaling cascades as determined by high-resolution imaging techniques. These new findings provided new potential therapeutic applications. Despite these improvements, unanswered issues of gonadotropin physiology, such as the intrinsic pro-apoptotic potential to these hormones, the existence of receptors assembled as heteromers, and their expression in extragonadal tissues, remain to be studied. Elucidating these issues is a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
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Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Woods GN, Sigurdsson S, Ewing SK, Le PT, Hue TF, Vittinghoff E, Xu K, Gudnason V, Sigurdsson G, Kado DM, Eiriksdottir G, Harris T, Schafer AL, Li X, Zaidi M, Rosen CJ, Schwartz AV. Serum FSH Is Associated With BMD, Bone Marrow Adiposity, and Body Composition in the AGES-Reykjavik Study of Older Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1156-e1169. [PMID: 33326040 PMCID: PMC7947831 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations increase during the perimenopausal transition and remain high after menopause. Loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and gain of bone marrow adiposity (BMA) and body fat mass also occur during this time. In mice, blocking the action of FSH increases bone mass and decreases fat mass. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between endogenous FSH levels and BMD, BMA, and body composition in older adults, independent of estradiol and testosterone levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults from the AGES-Reykjavik Study, an observational cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Areal BMD, total body fat, and lean mass were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Lumbar vertebral BMA was measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Volumetric BMD and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT) areas were measured with quantitative computed tomography. The least squares means procedure was used to determine sex hormone-adjusted associations between quartiles of serum FSH and BMD, BMA, and body composition. RESULTS In women (N = 238, mean age 81 years), those in the highest FSH quartile, compared with the lowest quartile, had lower adjusted mean spine integral BMD (-8.6%), lower spine compressive strength index (-34.8%), higher BMA (+8.4%), lower weight (-8.4%), lower VAT (-17.6%), lower lean mass (-6.1%), and lower fat mass (-11.9%) (all P < 0.05). In men, FSH level was not associated with any outcome. CONCLUSIONS Older postmenopausal women with higher FSH levels have higher BMA, but lower BMD and lower fat and lean mass, independent of estradiol and testosterone levels. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegreet G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: A.G. Veldhuis-Vlug, MD, PhD, Center for Bone Quality, department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands. ; G.N. Woods, MD, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 111G San Diego, CA 92116.
| | - Gina N Woods
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Correspondence: A.G. Veldhuis-Vlug, MD, PhD, Center for Bone Quality, department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands. ; G.N. Woods, MD, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 111G San Diego, CA 92116.
| | | | - Susan K Ewing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phuong T Le
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Trisha F Hue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaipin Xu
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Deborah M Kado
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Tamara Harris
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIA, NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne L Schafer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Tyutyusheva N, Mancini I, Baroncelli GI, D’Elios S, Peroni D, Meriggiola MC, Bertelloni S. Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: From Bench to Bed. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031264. [PMID: 33514065 PMCID: PMC7865707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is due to complete resistance to the action of androgens, determining a female phenotype in persons with a 46,XY karyotype and functioning testes. CAIS is caused by inactivating mutations in the androgen receptor gene (AR). It is organized in eight exons located on the X chromosome. Hundreds of genetic variants in the AR gene have been reported in CAIS. They are distributed throughout the gene with a preponderance located in the ligand-binding domain. CAIS mainly presents as primary amenorrhea in an adolescent female or as a bilateral inguinal/labial hernia containing testes in prepubertal children. Some issues regarding the management of females with CAIS remain poorly standardized (such as the follow-up of intact testes, the timing of gonadal removal and optimal hormone replacement therapy). Basic research will lead to the consideration of new issues to improve long-term well-being (such as bone health, immune and metabolic aspects and cardiovascular risk). An expert multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to increase the long-term quality of life of women with CAIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Tyutyusheva
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.T.); (G.I.B.); (S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Ilaria Mancini
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Giampiero Igli Baroncelli
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.T.); (G.I.B.); (S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Sofia D’Elios
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.T.); (G.I.B.); (S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Diego Peroni
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.T.); (G.I.B.); (S.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Meriggiola
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (I.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Silvano Bertelloni
- Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Division of Paediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.T.); (G.I.B.); (S.D.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-992743; Fax: +39-050-992641
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The Relationship between Locomotive Syndrome Risk, Gait Pattern, and Standing Posture in Young Japanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040565. [PMID: 33333912 PMCID: PMC7765414 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Young people are also at risk of developing locomotive syndrome for unclear reasons. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the locomotive syndrome risk in young Japanese women and the relationship between standing posture and gait patterns. We used survey materials for physical measurements, locomotive syndrome risk tests, normal and maximum walking test, a standing posture test, and physical activity measures. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 100 Japanese female university students. The participants were divided into two groups (high-risk and low-risk groups) based on locomotive syndrome risk tests. The high-risk group accounted for 65.0% of the total participants. The high-risk group had a significantly slower walking speed and lower walking stride length than the low-risk group during maximum walking. Additionally, this high-risk group had a more prone posture than the low-risk group. Furthermore, the low-risk group included more individuals who belonged to middle and high school athletic clubs than the high-risk group. The locomotive syndrome risk was related to the walking pattern, standing posture, and past exercise habits. Therefore, long stride length, correct standing posture, and exercise habits acquired from a young age are important measures for preventing locomotive syndrome in young adults.
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Sadighbayan D, Hasanzadeh M, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Biosensing based on field-effect transistors (FET): Recent progress and challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 133:116067. [PMID: 33052154 PMCID: PMC7545218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of field-Effect-Transistor (FET) type biosensing arrangements has been highlighted by researchers in the field of early biomarker detection and drug screening. Their non-metalized gate dielectrics that are exposed to an electrolyte solution cover the semiconductor material and actively transduce the biological changes on the surface. The efficiency of these novel devices in detecting different biomolecular analytes in a real-time, highly precise, specific, and label-free manner has been validated by numerous research studies. Considerable progress has been attained in designing FET devices, especially for biomedical diagnosis and cell-based assays in the past few decades. The exceptional electronic properties, compactness, and scalability of these novel tools are very desirable for designing rapid, label-free, and mass detection of biomolecules. With the incorporation of nanotechnology, the performance of biosensors based on FET boosts significantly, particularly, employment of nanomaterials such as graphene, metal nanoparticles, single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and nanowires. Besides, their commercial availability, and high-quality production on a large-scale, turn them to be one of the most preferred sensing and screening platforms. This review presents the basic structural setup and working principle of different types of FET devices. We also focused on the latest progression regarding the use of FET biosensors for the recognition of viruses such as, recently emerged COVID-19, Influenza, Hepatitis B Virus, protein biomarkers, nucleic acids, bacteria, cells, and various ions. Additionally, an outline of the development of FET sensors for investigations related to drug development and the cellular investigation is also presented. Some technical strategies for enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of detection in these devices are addressed as well. However, there are still certain challenges which are remained unaddressed concerning the performance and clinical use of transistor-based point-of-care (POC) instruments; accordingly, expectations about their future improvement for biosensing and cellular studies are argued at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sadighbayan
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Faculty of Science, Dept. of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Faculty of Science, Dept. of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Dept. of Elecrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
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Percent body fat, but not lean mass, is associated with objectively measured physical function in middle-aged women. Maturitas 2020; 142:11-16. [PMID: 33158482 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between components of body composition and physical function is not well characterized among middle-aged women. This cross-sectional study examined the strength of the associations between lean mass and percent fat and physical function in middle-aged women. STUDY DESIGN Body composition, physical function and physical activity were objectively measured in 80 women (mean age 52.58 ± 6.10 years; range = 40-63 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adiposity (%Fat) and lean mass were measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Steps/day and minutes of low-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity were assessed via accelerometer. Physical function was measured via a seated transfer task, 30-second chair stand, a six-minute walk task, 8-foot timed up and go, and a lift and carry task. RESULTS When controlling for steps/day, measures of lean mass were related to performance on the seated transfer task (r = .25) and 30-second chair stand (-.26) (both p > 0.05), while %Fat was related to performance on the seated transfer task (r = .53), 8-foot timed up and go (r = .32), 30-second chair stand (r = -.35), and six-minute walk (r = -.48; all p ≤ 0.05). Linear regression analyses revealed: (1) age, steps/day, and %Fat were independently related to performance on the seated transfer task and 30-second chair stand (both p ≤ 0.05), (2) %Fat was associated with six-minute walk and 8-foot up-and-go performance (p ≤ 0.01); none of the variables included were associated with lift and carry. CONCLUSIONS Adiposity but not lean mass was associated with objectively measured physical function in middle-aged women. Interventions that focus on reducing body fat may be an effective method for improving functional performance among women in this age group.
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Abstract
Blocking the action of FSH genetically or pharmacologically in mice reduces body fat, lowers serum cholesterol, and increases bone mass, making an anti-FSH agent a potential therapeutic for three global epidemics: obesity, osteoporosis, and hypercholesterolemia. Here, we report the generation, structure, and function of a first-in-class, fully humanized, epitope-specific FSH blocking antibody with a K D of 7 nM. Protein thermal shift, molecular dynamics, and fine mapping of the FSH-FSH receptor interface confirm stable binding of the Fab domain to two of five receptor-interacting residues of the FSHβ subunit, which is sufficient to block its interaction with the FSH receptor. In doing so, the humanized antibody profoundly inhibited FSH action in cell-based assays, a prelude to further preclinical and clinical testing.
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Relationships between Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Adiponectin in Postmenopausal Women. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100420. [PMID: 33086618 PMCID: PMC7603381 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond fertility, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) may exert action on adipocytes, which are the major source of adiponectin and leptin, linking to insulin resistance. Therefore, we evaluated the relationships between FSH and adipocyte-derived hormones. This cross-sectional study enrolled postmenopausal women aged 40–65 years. The variables measured in this study included clinical parameters, fasting levels of sex hormones, glucose, insulin, and adipokines. A total of 261 women without breast cancer, 88 women with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen, and 59 women with breast cancer receiving additional gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs were enrolled in this study. Significant differences in the levels of adiponectin, leptin, and FSH were observed between the non-breast cancer group and the breast cancer groups. Spearman’s rank test revealed significant associations of FSH with either body mass index (BMI) or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values in the non-breast cancer group. After adjusting for BMI, age, and menopause duration, FSH levels were significantly associated with adiponectin (p < 0.001) and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (p = 0.008) in the non-breast cancer group, but they were only significantly associated with adiponectin (p = 0.001) in the breast cancer group receiving tamoxifen. Our data show that FSH levels are independently associated with adiponectin levels in postmenopausal women, suggesting that adiponectin may link FSH to metabolic relationships in postmenopausal female.
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Abbas Suleiman A, Nader A, Winzenborg I, Beck D, Polepally AR, Ng J, Noertersheuser P, Mostafa NM. Exposure-Safety Analyses Identify Predictors of Change in Bone Mineral Density and Support Elagolix Labeling for Endometriosis-Associated Pain. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 9:639-648. [PMID: 32945631 PMCID: PMC7679073 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elagolix is a novel oral gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor antagonist, that can suppress estradiol in a dose‐dependent manner. It is indicated for management of moderate‐to‐severe pain associated with endometriosis. A population exposure‐response model describing the relationship between elagolix exposure and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) was developed using data from four phase III studies in premenopausal women with endometriosis‐associated pain. Elagolix pharmacokinetic exposure‐dependent changes in BMD were described by an indirect‐response maximum effect (Emax) model through stimulation of bone resorption. African American race, higher body mass index (BMI), and lower type‐I collagen C‐telopeptide concentrations were significantly associated with higher baseline BMD. Higher BMI was significantly associated with higher bone formation rates. Simulations using the final model demonstrated that elagolix 150 mg q.d. dosing for 24 months is predicted to result in −1.45% (−2.04 to −0.814) decrease from baseline in BMD and were used to support corresponding dosing recommendations in the label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abbas Suleiman
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Ahmed Nader
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Insa Winzenborg
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Denise Beck
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Akshanth R Polepally
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Juki Ng
- Development, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Noertersheuser
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Nael M Mostafa
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Khosla S. Estrogen Versus FSH Effects on Bone Metabolism: Evidence From Interventional Human Studies. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5865207. [PMID: 32602895 PMCID: PMC7371389 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Provocative mouse studies and observational human data have generated considerable enthusiasm for modulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) action in humans to prevent bone loss and, in addition, to treat obesity. This perspective summarizes the strengths and potential weaknesses of the mouse studies examining the skeletal phenotype of FSHβ or FSH receptor null mice, as well as more recent studies using FSH neutralizing antibodies. Although human observational studies do demonstrate correlation of serum FSH levels with postmenopausal bone loss, these studies cannot distinguish whether serum FSH is simply a better biomarker than estradiol or causally related to the bone loss. Establishing causality requires direct interventional studies either suppressing or infusing FSH in humans and to date, such studies have uniformly failed to demonstrate an effect of FSH on bone turnover independent of changes in sex steroid levels. In addition, suppression of FSH is unable to prevent increases in body fat following the induction of sex steroid deficiency, at least in men. Thus, although the preclinical mouse and human observational data are intriguing, there is currently no direct evidence from interventional studies that FSH regulates bone or fat metabolism in vivo in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Correspondence: Sundeep Khosla, M.D., College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Tel: 507-255-6663;
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Crosstalk of Brain and Bone-Clinical Observations and Their Molecular Bases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144946. [PMID: 32668736 PMCID: PMC7404044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As brain and bone disorders represent major health issues worldwide, substantial clinical investigations demonstrated a bidirectional crosstalk on several levels, mechanistically linking both apparently unrelated organs. While multiple stress, mood and neurodegenerative brain disorders are associated with osteoporosis, rare genetic skeletal diseases display impaired brain development and function. Along with brain and bone pathologies, particularly trauma events highlight the strong interaction of both organs. This review summarizes clinical and experimental observations reported for the crosstalk of brain and bone, followed by a detailed overview of their molecular bases. While brain-derived molecules affecting bone include central regulators, transmitters of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nervous system, bone-derived mediators altering brain function are released from bone cells and the bone marrow. Although the main pathways of the brain-bone crosstalk remain ‘efferent’, signaling from brain to bone, this review emphasizes the emergence of bone as a crucial ‘afferent’ regulator of cerebral development, function and pathophysiology. Therefore, unraveling the physiological and pathological bases of brain-bone interactions revealed promising pharmacologic targets and novel treatment strategies promoting concurrent brain and bone recovery.
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Sipilä S, Törmäkangas T, Sillanpää E, Aukee P, Kujala UM, Kovanen V, Laakkonen EK. Muscle and bone mass in middle-aged women: role of menopausal status and physical activity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:698-709. [PMID: 32017473 PMCID: PMC7296268 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women experience drastic hormonal changes during midlife due to the menopausal transition. Menopausal hormonal changes are known to lead to bone loss and potentially also to loss of lean mass. The loss of muscle and bone tissue coincide due to the functional relationship and interaction between these tissues. If and how physical activity counteracts deterioration in muscle and bone during the menopausal transition remains partly unresolved. This study investigated differences between premenopausal, early perimenopausal, late perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in appendicular lean mass (ALM), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and T score. Furthermore, we investigated the simultaneous associations of ALM and BMD with physical activity in the above-mentioned menopausal groups. METHODS Data from the Estrogen Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis study were utilized. In total, 1393 women aged 47-55 years were assigned to premenopausal, early perimenopausal, late perimenopausal, and postmenopausal groups based on follicle-stimulating hormone concentration and bleeding diaries. Of them, 897 were scanned for ALM and femoral neck BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ALMI (ALM/height2 ) and neck T scores calculated. Current level of leisure-time physical activity was estimated by a validated self-report questionnaire and categorized as sedentary, low, medium, and high. RESULTS Appendicular lean mass, appendicular lean mass index, femoral neck bone mineral density, and and T score showed a significant linear declining trend across all four menopausal groups. Compared with the postmenopausal women, the premenopausal women showed greater ALM (18.2, SD 2.2 vs. 17.8, SD 2.1, P < 0.001), ALMI (6.73, SD 0.64 vs. 6.52, SD 0.62, P < 0.001), neck BMD (0.969, SD 0.117 vs. 0.925, SD 0.108, P < 0.001), and T score (-0.093, SD 0.977 vs -0.459, SD 0.902, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding pathways, a higher level of physical activity was associated with greater ALM among the premenopausal [β = 0.171; confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.063-0.280], late perimenopausal (β = 0.289; CI 95% 0.174-0.403), and postmenopausal (β=0.278; CI 95% 0.179-0.376) women. The positive association between femoral neck BMD and level of physical activity was significant only among the late perimenopausal women (β = 0.227; CI 95% 0.097-0.356). CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle and bone losses were associated with the menopausal transition. A higher level of physical activity during the different menopausal phases was beneficial, especially for skeletal muscle. Menopause-related hormonal changes predispose women to sarcopenia and osteoporosis and further to mobility disability and fall-related fractures in later life. New strategies are needed to promote physical activity among middle-aged women. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Coss D. Commentary on the Recent FSH Collection: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5683667. [PMID: 31865385 PMCID: PMC6986550 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a dimeric glycoprotein secreted by the anterior pituitary gonadotrope that is necessary for reproductive function in mammals. FSH primarily regulates granulosa cells and follicular growth in females, and Sertoli cell function in males. Since its identification in the 1930s and sequencing in the 1970s, significant progress has been made in elucidating its regulation and downstream function. Recent advances provide deeper insight into FSH synthesis, and effects in the gonads suggest potential roles in extragonadal tissues and examine pharmacological approaches and clinical applications in infertility treatment that now affect 18% of couples. These advances were discussed in detail in a number of reviews published in the last 2 years in Endocrinology. In this brief commentary, we summarize these reviews and point to the outstanding questions that should be answered in the near future to bridge a gap in our understanding of this hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside; Riverside, California
- Correspondence: Djurdjica Coss, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside; Riverside, California. E-mail:
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Boutin A, Gershengorn MC, Neumann S. β-Arrestin 1 in Thyrotropin Receptor Signaling in Bone: Studies in Osteoblast-Like Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 32508750 PMCID: PMC7251030 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct action of thyrotropin (TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone) on bone precursors in humans is controversial. Studies in rodent models have provided conflicting findings. We used cells derived from a moderately differentiated osteosarcoma stably overexpressing human TSH receptors (TSHRs) as a model of osteoblast precursors (U2OS-TSHR cells) to investigate TSHR-mediated effects in bone differentiation in human cells. We review our findings that (1) TSHR couples to several different G proteins to induce upregulation of genes associated with osteoblast activity-interleukin 11 (IL-11), osteopontin (OPN), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and that the kinetics of the induction and the G protein-mediated signaling pathways involved were different for these genes; (2) TSH can stimulate β-arrestin-mediated signal transduction and that β-arrestin 1 in part mediates TSH-induced pre-osteoblast differentiation; and (3) TSHR/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor (IGF1R) synergistically increased OPN secretion by TSH and IGF1 and that this crosstalk was mediated by physical association of these receptors in a signaling complex that uses β-arrestin 1 as a scaffold. These findings were complemented using a novel β-arrestin 1-biased agonist of TSHR. We conclude that TSHR can signal via several transduction pathways leading to differentiation of this model system of human pre-osteoblast cells and, therefore, that TSH can directly regulate these bone cells.
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Abstract
The skeleton harbors an array of lineage cells that have an essential role in whole body homeostasis. Adipocytes start the colonization of marrow space early in postnatal life, expanding progressively and influencing other components of the bone marrow through paracrine signaling. In this unique, closed, and hypoxic environment close to the endosteal surface and adjacent to the microvascular space the marrow adipocyte can store or provide energy, secrete adipokines, and target neighboring bone cells. Adipocyte progenitors can also migrate from the bone marrow to populate white adipose tissue, a process that accelerates during weight gain. The marrow adipocyte also has an endocrine role in whole body homeostasis through its varied secretome that targets distant adipose depots, skeletal muscle, and the nervous system. Further insights into the biology of this unique and versatile cell will undoubtedly lead to novel therapeutic approaches to metabolic and age-related disorders such as osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J A de Paula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA;
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30
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Association between FSH, E1, and E2 levels in urine and serum in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Clin Biochem 2019; 73:105-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Galvão-Moreira LV, Nascimento ACB, D'Albuquerque IMSC, Sousa MAS, Brito HO, Nascimento MDDSB, da Costa Chein MB, Brito LMO. Hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory circulating biomarker profiles in obese and non-obese Brazilian middle-aged women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222239. [PMID: 31509577 PMCID: PMC6738638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate circulating hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory biomarker profiles in obese and non-obese middle-aged women. METHODS A total of 110 women, aged 40-60 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were allocated, according to the occurrence of menopause and body mass index (BMI), into four groups: PM0 (premenopausal non-obese), PM1 (premenopausal obese), M0 (postmenopausal non-obese), and M1 (postmenopausal obese). Serum levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones, lipid markers, leptin, hs-CRP and interleukin-6 were obtained using either colorimetric or immunoenzymatic assays. Univariate and correlation analyses were performed among all clinical and laboratorial parameters. Principal component analysis was used to characterize subsets of biomarkers, which had their discriminatory capacity tested using discriminant function analysis. RESULTS Levels of gonadotropins and female sex hormones were similar between PM0 and PM1 and between M0 and M1 (p > 0.05), all of them varied between PM0 and M0 (p < 0.05), but only estradiol was significantly altered in the comparison between PM1 and M1 (p = 0.027). Regarding metabolic markers, leptin was lower in PM0 than in M0 (p = 0.010) and higher in M1 than in M0 (p = 0.046). In premenopausal women, BMI correlated only to leptin, while it correlated to several other markers in postmenopausal women. A combination of FSH and leptin serum levels significantly discriminated the four groups (Wilks's lambda < 0.001, in canonical functions 1 and 2). CONCLUSION A combined analysis of hormonal biomarkers may potentially distinguish obese from non-obese women with distinct menopause status. Further research is thus required to clarify the clinical significance of such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haissa Oliveira Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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Antonio L, Priskorn L, Nordkap L, Bang AK, Jensen TK, Skakkebæk NE, Petersen JH, Vanderschueren D, Jørgensen N. Bone mineral density is preserved in men with idiopathic infertility. Andrology 2019; 8:315-322. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Antonio
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA) Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - L. Priskorn
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. Nordkap
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. K. Bang
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. K. Jensen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Environmental Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - N. E. Skakkebæk
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. H. Petersen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Biostatistics Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - D. Vanderschueren
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA) Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - N. Jørgensen
- University Department of Growth and Reproduction Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
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Kara E, Dupuy L, Bouillon C, Casteret S, Maurel MC. Modulation of Gonadotropins Activity by Antibodies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 30833928 PMCID: PMC6387920 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropins are essential for reproduction control in humans as well as in animals. They are widely used all over the world for ovarian stimulation in women, spermatogenesis stimulation in men, and ovulation induction and superovulation in animals. Despite the availability of many different preparations, all are made of the native hormones. Having different ligands with a wide activity range for a given receptor helps better understand its molecular and cellular signaling mechanisms as well as its physiological functions, and thus helps the development of more specific and adapted medicines. One way to control the gonadotropins' activity could be the use of modulating antibodies. Antibodies are powerful tools that were largely used to decipher gonadotropins' actions and they have shown their utility as therapeutics in several other indications such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the inhibitory and potentiating antibodies to gonadotropins, and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Céline Bouillon
- Igyxos SA, Nouzilly, France
- Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- Biologie Intégrative de l'Ovaire, INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
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Stilley JAW, Segaloff DL. FSH Actions and Pregnancy: Looking Beyond Ovarian FSH Receptors. Endocrinology 2018; 159:4033-4042. [PMID: 30395176 PMCID: PMC6260061 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By mediating estrogen synthesis and follicular growth in response to FSH, the ovarian FSH receptor (FSHR) is essential for female fertility. Indeed, ovarian stimulation via administration of FSH to women with infertility is part of the primary therapeutic intervention used in assisted reproductive technology. In physiological and therapeutic contexts, current dogma dictates that once ovulation has occurred, FSH/FSHR signaling is no longer required for successful pregnancy outcomes. However, a continued role for FSH during pregnancy is suggested by recent studies demonstrating extraovarian FSHR in the female reproductive tract. Furthermore, functional roles for FSHR in placenta and in uterine myometrium have now been demonstrated. In placenta, vascular endothelial FSHR of fetal vessels within the chorionic villi (human) or labyrinth (mouse) mediate angiogenesis, and it has further been shown that deletion of placental Fshr in mice has deleterious effects on pregnancy. In uterine myometrium, changes in the densities of FSHR in muscle fiber and stroma in the nonpregnant state, early pregnancy, and term pregnancy differentially regulate contractile activity, suggesting that signaling through myometrial FSHR may contribute to the quieting of contractile activity required for successful implantation and that the temporal upregulation of the FSHR at term pregnancy may be required for the appropriate timing of parturition. In addition, extraovarian expression of mRNAs encoding the glycoprotein hormone α subunit and the FSH β subunit has been demonstrated, suggesting that these novel aspects of extraovarian FSH/FSHR signaling during pregnancy may be mediated by locally synthesized FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A W Stilley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Deborah L Segaloff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Correspondence: Deborah L. Segaloff, PhD, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 5-470 Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242. E-mail:
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35
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Ulloa-Aguirre A, Zariñán T, Jardón-Valadez E, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Dias JA. Structure-Function Relationships of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:707. [PMID: 30555414 PMCID: PMC6281744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) plays a crucial role in reproduction. This structurally complex receptor is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily of membrane receptors. As with the other structurally similar glycoprotein hormone receptors (the thyroid-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone-chorionic gonadotropin hormone receptors), the FSHR is characterized by an extensive extracellular domain, where binding to FSH occurs, linked to the signal specificity subdomain or hinge region. This region is involved in ligand-stimulated receptor activation whereas the seven transmembrane domain is associated with receptor activation and transmission of the activation process to the intracellular loops comprised of amino acid sequences, which predicate coupling to effectors, interaction with adapter proteins, and triggering of downstream intracellular signaling. In this review, we describe the most important structural features of the FSHR intimately involved in regulation of FSHR function, including trafficking, dimerization, and oligomerization, ligand binding, agonist-stimulated activation, and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Jardón-Valadez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - James A. Dias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
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