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Benyahia Z, Gaudy-Marqueste C, Berenguer-Daizé C, Chabane N, Dussault N, Cayol M, Vellutini C, Djemli A, Nanni I, Beaufils N, Mabrouk K, Grob JJ, Ouafik L. Adrenomedullin Secreted by Melanoma Cells Promotes Melanoma Tumor Growth through Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235909. [PMID: 36497391 PMCID: PMC9738606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive tumor and can constitute a real therapeutic challenge despite the significant progress achieved with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, thus highlighting the need for the identification of new therapeutic targets. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide with significant expression in multiple types of tumors and is multifunctional. AM impacts angiogenesis and tumor growth and binds to calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 2 or 3 (CLR/RAMP2; CLR/RAMP3). METHODS In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the functional role of AM in melanoma growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RESULTS In this study, AM and AM receptors were immunohistochemically localized in the tumoral compartment of melanoma tissue, suggesting that the AM system plays a role in melanoma growth. We used A375, SK-MEL-28, and MeWo cells, for which we demonstrate an expression of AM and its receptors; hypoxia induces the expression of AM in melanoma cells. The proliferation of A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells is decreased by anti-AM antibody (αAM) and anti-AMR antibodies (αAMR), supporting the fact that AM may function as a potent autocrine/paracrine growth factor for melanoma cells. Furthermore, migration and invasion of melanoma cells increased after treatment with AM and decreased after treatment with αAMR, thus indicating that melanoma cells are regulated by AM. Systemic administration of αAMR reduced neovascularization of in vivo Matrigel plugs containing melanoma cells, as demonstrated by reduced numbers of vessel structures, which suggests that AM is one of the melanoma cells-derived factors responsible for endothelial cell-like and pericyte recruitment in the construction of neovascularization. In vivo, αAMR therapy blocked angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and decreased proliferation in MeWo xenografts, thereby resulting in tumor regression. Histological examination of αAMR-treated tumors showed evidence of the disruption of tumor vascularity, with depletion of vascular endothelial cells and a significant decrease in lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression of AM by melanoma cells promotes tumor growth and neovascularization by supplying/amplifying signals for neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Benyahia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Gaudy-Marqueste
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Dermatologie et de Cancérologie Cutanée, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Norhimane Chabane
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christine Vellutini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Amina Djemli
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’anatomopathologie, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Nanni
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’Onco-Biologie, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Beaufils
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’Onco-Biologie, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Dermatologie et de Cancérologie Cutanée, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - L’Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’Onco-Biologie, 13015 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-491324447
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Puri S, Kenyon BM, Hamrah P. Immunomodulatory Role of Neuropeptides in the Cornea. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1985. [PMID: 36009532 PMCID: PMC9406019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparency of the cornea along with its dense sensory innervation and resident leukocyte populations make it an ideal tissue to study interactions between the nervous and immune systems. The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of the body and possesses both immune and vascular privilege, in part due to its unique repertoire of resident immune cells. Corneal nerves produce various neuropeptides that have a wide range of functions on immune cells. As research in this area expands, further insights are made into the role of neuropeptides and their immunomodulatory functions in the healthy and diseased cornea. Much remains to be known regarding the details of neuropeptide signaling and how it contributes to pathophysiology, which is likely due to complex interactions among neuropeptides, receptor isoform-specific signaling events, and the inflammatory microenvironment in disease. However, progress in this area has led to an increase in studies that have begun modulating neuropeptide activity for the treatment of corneal diseases with promising results, necessitating the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. This review focuses on the role of neuropeptides in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface, alterations in disease settings, and the possible therapeutic potential of targeting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Puri
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brendan M. Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Kaneda T, Kurata T, Yoshida T, Kibata K, Yoshioka H, Yanagimoto H, Takeda K, Yoshida T, Tsuta K. Massive digital gene expression analysis reveals different predictive profiles for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of advanced lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:154. [PMID: 35135489 PMCID: PMC8822674 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors prolong the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although it has been acknowledged that there is some correlation between the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy and immunohistochemical analysis, this technique is not yet considered foolproof for predicting a favorable outcome of PD-1 antibody therapy. We aimed to predict the efficacy of nivolumab based on a comprehensive analysis of RNA expression at the gene level in advanced NSCLC. METHODS This was a retrospective study on patients with NSCLC who were administered nivolumab at the Kansai Medical University Hospital. To identify genes associated with response to anti-PD-1 antibodies, we grouped patients into responders (complete and partial response) and non-responders (stable and progressive disease) to nivolumab therapy. Significant genes were then identified for these groups using Welch's t-test. RESULTS Among 42 analyzed cases (20 adenocarcinomas and 22 squamous cell carcinomas), enhanced expression of MAGE-A4, BBC3, and OTOA genes was observed in responders with adenocarcinoma, and enhanced expression of DAB2, HLA-DPB,1 and CDH2 genes was observed in responders with squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This study predicted the efficacy of nivolumab based on a comprehensive analysis of mRNA expression at the gene level in advanced NSCLC. We also revealed different gene expression patterns as predictors of the effectiveness of anti PD-1 antibody therapy in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Cadherins/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Female
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/immunology
- HLA-DP beta-Chains/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/drug effects
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kaneda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
| | - Takayasu Kurata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- Discovery Technology Research, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kibata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Yoshioka
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yanagimoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Corporate Sponsored Research Programs for Cancer Immunogenomics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Research Center of Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Yoshida
- Research Center of Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Corporate Sponsored Research Programs for Cancer Immunogenomics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Sigaud R, Dussault N, Berenguer-Daizé C, Vellutini C, Benyahia Z, Cayol M, Parat F, Mabrouk K, Vázquez R, Riveiro ME, Metellus P, Ouafik L. Role of the Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2 in Mediating Adrenomedullin Proangiogenic Activity in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753244. [PMID: 34692535 PMCID: PMC8531523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
VE-cadherin is an essential adhesion molecule in endothelial adherens junctions, and the integrity of these complexes is thought to be regulated by VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation. We have previously shown that adrenomedullin (AM) blockade correlates with elevated levels of phosphorylated VE-cadherin (pVE-cadherinY731) in endothelial cells, associated with impaired barrier function and a persistent increase in vascular endothelial cell permeability. However, the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. In this article, we demonstrate that the AM-mediated dephosphorylation of pVE-cadherinY731 takes place through activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, as judged by the rise of its active fraction phosphorylated at tyrosine 542 (pSHP-2Y542) in HUVECs and glioblastoma-derived-endothelial cells. Both pre-incubation of HUVECs with SHP-2 inhibitors NSC-87877 and SHP099 and SHP-2 silencing hindered AM-induced dephosphorylation of pVE-cadherinY731 in a dose dependent-manner, showing the role of SHP-2 in the regulation of endothelial cell contacts. Furthermore, SHP-2 inhibition impaired AM-induced HUVECs differentiation into cord-like structures in vitro and impeded AM-induced neovascularization in in vivo Matrigel plugs bioassays. Subcutaneously transplanted U87-glioma tumor xenograft mice treated with AM-receptors-blocking antibodies showed a decrease in pSHP-2Y542 associated with VE-cadherin in nascent tumor vasculature when compared to control IgG-treated xenografts. Our findings show that AM acts on VE-cadherin dynamics through pSHP-2Y542 to finally modulate cell-cell junctions in the angiogenesis process, thereby promoting a stable and functional tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sigaud
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Vellutini
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Parat
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7273 Chimie Radicalaire Organique et Polymères de Spécialité (CROPS), Marseille, France
| | - Ramiro Vázquez
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Center for Genomic Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Genomic Science, European School of Molecular Medicine (IIT@SEMM), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Riveiro
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Philippe Metellus
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Clairval, Département de Neurochirurgie, Marseille, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre Hospitalo Universitaire (CHU) Nord, Service d'OncoBiologie, Marseille, France
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5
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Adrenomedullin regulated by miRNA-574-3p protects premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224160. [PMID: 32412065 PMCID: PMC7253399 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease (CLD) in premature infants. The present study was designed to elucidate the regulation of miRNA-547-3p on adrenomedullin (ADM) during the pathogenesis of BPD. We used Agilent Human 4x44K Gene Expression Microarrays v2 and miRCURY LNA™ microRNA Array to identify the differently expressed miRNA and its potential target genes, and certified them again by luciferase reporter gene analysis. We only retained target genes that met the following two conditions: first, coexisting in two databases, and second, expressing differences, and then identifying target genes by luciferase reporter gene analysis. Thus, we selected miRNA-574-3p and its target gene ADM for further research. We used real-time q-PCR to determine the expression of miRNA-574-3p and its target gene ADM in premature infants with BPD. We used microarray expression to analyze BPD samples and non-BPD samples and found that there were 516 differently expressed probes between them. The 516 differently expressed probes included 408 up-regulated probes and 108 down-regulated probes. The blood samples of BPD infants were detected by real-time q-PCR and found that the expression of miRNA-574-3p was decreased, while the expression of ADM was significantly increased. Luciferase reporter gene analysis showed that hsa-miR-574-3p can regulate the expression of luciferase with ADM 3′UTR, and decrease it by 61.84%. It has been reported in the literature that ADM can protect the premature infants with BPD. The target gene ADM of miRNA-574-3p may contribute to the prevention and treatment of BPD.
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Taguchi T, Kodera Y, Oba K, Saito T, Nakagawa Y, Kawashima Y, Shichiri M. Suprabasin-derived bioactive peptides identified by plasma peptidomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1047. [PMID: 33441610 PMCID: PMC7806982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of low-abundance, low-molecular-weight native peptides using non-tryptic plasma has long remained an unmet challenge, leaving potential bioactive/biomarker peptides undiscovered. We have succeeded in efficiently removing high-abundance plasma proteins to enrich and comprehensively identify low-molecular-weight native peptides using mass spectrometry. Native peptide sequences were chemically synthesized and subsequent functional analyses resulted in the discovery of three novel bioactive polypeptides derived from an epidermal differentiation marker protein, suprabasin. SBSN_HUMAN[279-295] potently suppressed food/water intake and induced locomotor activity when injected intraperitoneally, while SBSN_HUMAN[225-237] and SBSN_HUMAN[243-259] stimulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via activation of NF-κB signaling in vascular cells. SBSN_HUMAN[225-237] and SBSN_HUMAN[279-295] immunoreactivities were present in almost all human organs analyzed, while immunoreactive SBSN_HUMAN[243-259] was abundant in the liver and pancreas. Human macrophages expressed the three suprabasin-derived peptides. This study illustrates a new approach for discovering unknown bioactive peptides in plasma via the generation of peptide libraries using a novel peptidomic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Taguchi
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Physics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan ,grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Center for Disease Proteomics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Oba
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saito
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan ,grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Physics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Yuzuru Nakagawa
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Physics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Physics, Kitasato University School of Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Shichiri
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
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7
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - Current perspective on a peptide hormone with significant therapeutic potential. Peptides 2020; 131:170347. [PMID: 32569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes, particularly those of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Like calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), intermedin (IMD) and amylin (AMY), it belongs to the CT/CGRP family of peptide hormones, which despite their low little sequence identity share certain characteristic structural features as well as a complex multicomponent receptor system. ADM, IMD and CGRP exert their biological effects by activation of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) as a complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP), which alter the ligand affinity. Selectivity within the receptor system is largely mediated by the amidated C-terminus of the peptide hormones, which bind to the extracellular domains of the receptors. This enables their N-terminus consisting of a disulfide-bonded ring structure and a helical segment to bind within the transmembrane region and to induce an active receptor confirmation. ADM is expressed in a variety of tissues in the human body and is fundamentally involved in multitude biological processes. Thus, it is of interest as a diagnostic marker and a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. In order to fully exploit the potential of ADM, it is necessary to improve its pharmacological profile by increasing the metabolic stability and, ideally, creating receptor subtype-selective analogs. While several successful attempts to prolong the half-life of ADM were recently reported, improving or even retaining receptor selectivity remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Ferrero H, Larrayoz IM, Gil-Bea FJ, Martínez A, Ramírez MJ. Adrenomedullin, a Novel Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8799-8814. [PMID: 29600350 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders whose common characteristic is the progressive degeneration of neuronal structure and function. Although much knowledge has been accumulated on the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases over the years, more efforts are needed to understand the processes that underlie these diseases and hence to propose new treatments. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide involved in vasodilation, hormone secretion, antimicrobial defense, cellular growth, and angiogenesis. In neurons, AM and related peptides are associated with some structural and functional cytoskeletal proteins that interfere with microtubule dynamics. Furthermore, AM may intervene in neuronal dysfunction through other mechanisms such as immune and inflammatory response, apoptosis, or calcium dyshomeostasis. Alterations in AM expression have been described in neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on AM and its possible implication in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Ferrero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco J Gil-Bea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, CIBERNED, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - María J Ramírez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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9
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Xian X, Sakurai T, Kamiyoshi A, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Tanaka M, Koyama T, Kawate H, Yang L, Liu T, Imai A, Zhai L, Hirabayashi K, Dai K, Tanimura K, Liu T, Cui N, Igarashi K, Yamauchi A, Shindo T. Vasoprotective Activities of the Adrenomedullin-RAMP2 System in Endothelial Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1359-1372. [PMID: 28324104 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the primary lesion underlying atherosclerosis and restenosis after coronary intervention. We previously described the essential angiogenic function of the adrenomedullin (AM)-receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2 system. In the present study, we assessed the vasoprotective actions of the endogenous AM-RAMP2 system using a wire-induced vascular injury model. We found that neointima formation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation were enhanced in RAMP2+/- male mice. The injured vessels from RAMP2+/- mice showed greater macrophage infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, and oxidative stress than vessels from wild-type mice and less re-endothelialization. After endothelial cell-specific RAMP2 deletion in drug-inducible endothelial cell-specific RAMP2-/- (DI-E-RAMP2-/-) male mice, we observed markedly greater neointima formation than in control mice. In addition, neointima formation after vessel injury was enhanced in mice receiving bone marrow transplants from RAMP2+/- or DI-E-RAMP2-/- mice, indicating that bone marrow-derived cells contributed to the enhanced neointima formation. Finally, we found that the AM-RAMP2 system augmented proliferation and migration of endothelial progenitor cells. These results demonstrate that the AM-RAMP2 system exerts crucial vasoprotective effects after vascular injury and could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xian
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Megumu Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kawate
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 0050017, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akira Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Liuyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hirabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiya Tanimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nanqi Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | | | | | - Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
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10
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Menon RT, Shrestha AK, Shivanna B. Hyperoxia exposure disrupts adrenomedullin signaling in newborn mice: Implications for lung development in premature infants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:666-671. [PMID: 28438602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of human infants that is characterized by disrupted lung angiogenesis. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide with angiogenic and vasoprotective properties. AM signals via its cognate receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Calcrl) and receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2). Whether hyperoxia affects the pulmonary AM signaling pathway in neonatal mice and whether AM promotes lung angiogenesis in human infants are unknown. Therefore, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) hyperoxia exposure will disrupt AM signaling during the lung development period in neonatal mice; and (2) AM will promote angiogenesis in fetal human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) via extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 activation. We initially determined AM, Calcrl, and RAMP2 mRNA levels in mouse lungs on postnatal days (PND) 3, 7, 14, and 28. Next we determined the mRNA expression of these genes in neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia (70% O2) for up to 14 d. Finally, using HPAECs, we evaluated if AM activates ERK1/2 and promotes tubule formation and cell migration. Lung AM, Calcrl, and RAMP2 mRNA expression increased from PND 3 and peaked at PND 14, a time period during which lung development occurs in mice. Interestingly, hyperoxia exposure blunted this peak expression in neonatal mice. In HPAECs, AM activated ERK1/2 and promoted tubule formation and cell migration. These findings support our hypotheses, emphasizing that AM signaling axis is a potential therapeutic target for human infants with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka T Menon
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Amrit Kumar Shrestha
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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11
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Imai A, Toriyama Y, Iesato Y, Hirabayashi K, Sakurai T, Kamiyoshi A, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Kawate H, Tanaka M, Liu T, Xian X, Zhai L, Dai K, Tanimura K, Liu T, Cui N, Yamauchi A, Murata T, Shindo T. Adrenomedullin Suppresses Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Vascular Hyperpermeability and Inflammation in Retinopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:999-1015. [PMID: 28322199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is caused by blood-retinal barrier breakdown associated with retinal vascular hyperpermeability and inflammation, and it is the major cause of visual dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is an endogenous peptide first identified as a strong vasodilator. ADM is expressed in the eyes and is up-regulated in various eye diseases, although the pathophysiological significance is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of ADM on DME. In Kimba mice, which overexpress human vascular endothelial growth factor in their retinas, the capillary dropout, vascular leakage, and vascular fragility characteristic of diabetic retinopathy were observed. Intravitreal or systemic administration of ADM to Kimba mice ameliorated both the capillary dropout and vascular leakage. Evaluation of the transendothelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability of an endothelial cell monolayer using TR-iBRB retinal capillary endothelial cells revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor enhanced vascular permeability but that co-administration of ADM suppressed the effect, in part by enhancing tight junction formation between endothelial cells. In addition, a comprehensive PCR array analysis showed that ADM administration suppressed various molecules related to inflammation and NF-κB signaling within retinas. From these results, we suggest that by exerting inhibitory effects on retinal inflammation, vascular permeability, and blood-retinal barrier breakdown, ADM could serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuichi Toriyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iesato
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hirabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kawate
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Megumu Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Xian Xian
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Liuyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Keiya Tanimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nanqi Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Toshinori Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan.
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12
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Greillier L, Tounsi A, Berenguer-Daizé C, Dussault N, Delfino C, Benyahia Z, Cayol M, Mabrouk K, Garcia S, Martin PM, Barlesi F, Ouafik L. Functional Analysis of the Adrenomedullin Pathway in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:94-107. [PMID: 26762744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) grows aggressively within the thoracic cavity and has a very low cure rate, thus highlighting the need for identification of new therapeutic targets. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide that is highly expressed in several tumors and plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth after binding to its receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (CLR/RAMP2) and calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 3 (CLR/RAMP3). METHODS Real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the steady-state levels of AM, CLR, RAMP2 and RAMP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts in normal pleural tissue (n=5) and MPM (n=24). The expression of these candidates at protein level was revealed by immunohistochemistry. We also characterized the expression and regulation by hypoxia of AM system in MPM cell lines and MeT-5A cells. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the functional role of AM system in MPM. RESULTS In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed twofold to 10-fold higher levels of AM messenger RNA in MPM tissue than in normal pleural tissue. The MPM cell lines H2452, H2052, and human mesothelioma cell line MSTO-211H showed a significant increase in expression of AM messenger RNA under hypoxic conditions. Our results also show that AM stimulates cell proliferation in vitro through the Raf1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (CRAF)/ Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK)/Extracellular regulated MAPKinase (ERK) pathway. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MPM cells were decreased after treatment with anti-AM (αAM) and anti-AM receptor antibodies, thus indicating that MPM cells are regulated by AM. The action of AM was specific and mediated by CLR/RAMP2 and CLR/RAMP3 receptors. In vivo, αAM and AM22-52 antagonist therapies blocked angiogenesis and induced apoptosis in MSTO-211H xenografts, thereby resulting in tumor regression. Histologic examination of tumors treated with AM22-52 and αAM antibody showed evidence of disruption of tumor vasculature with depletion of vascular endothelial cells and a significant decrease in lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of the AM pathway in growth of MPM and in neovascularization by supplying and amplifying signals that are essential for pathologic neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenomedullin/genetics
- Adrenomedullin/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein/genetics
- Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesothelioma/genetics
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Pleural Neoplasms/genetics
- Pleural Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pleural Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2/genetics
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2/metabolism
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3/genetics
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenomedullin/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenomedullin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Greillier
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service d'Oncologie Multidisciplinaire et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France.
| | - Asma Tounsi
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Delfino
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix-Marseille University, LCP UMR 6264, CROPS, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Garcia
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service d'Oncologie Multidisciplinaire et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
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13
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Sousa LMMDC, Mendes GP, Campos DB, Baruselli PS, Papa PDC. Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Modulates the Expression of Genes Related to the Structure and Function of the Bovine Corpus Luteum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164089. [PMID: 27711194 PMCID: PMC5053489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that stimulatory and superovulatory treatments, using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), modulate the expression of genes related to insulin, cellular modelling and angiogenesis signaling pathways in the bovine corpus luteum (CL). Therefore, we investigated: 1—the effect of these treatments on circulating insulin and somatomedin C concentrations and on gene and protein expression of INSR, IGF1 and IGFR1, as well as other insulin signaling molecules; 2—the effects of eCG on gene and protein expression of INSR, IGF1, GLUT4 and NFKB1A in bovine luteal cells; and 3—the effect of stimulatory and superovulatory treatments on gene and protein expression of ANG, ANGPT1, NOS2, ADM, PRSS2, MMP9 and PLAU. Serum insulin did not differ among groups (P = 0.96). However, serum somatomedin C levels were higher in both stimulated and superovulated groups compared to the control (P = 0.01). In stimulated cows, lower expression of INSR mRNA and higher expression of NFKB1A mRNA and IGF1 protein were observed. In superovulated cows, lower INSR mRNA expression, but higher INSR protein expression and higher IGF1, IGFR1 and NFKB1A gene and protein expression were observed. Expression of angiogenesis and cellular modelling pathway-related factors were as follows: ANGPT1 and PLAU protein expression were higher and MMP9 gene and protein expression were lower in stimulated animals. In superovulated cows, ANGPT1 mRNA expression was higher and ANG mRNA expression was lower. PRSS2 gene and protein expression were lower in both stimulated and superovulated animals related to the control. In vitro, eCG stimulated luteal cells P4 production as well as INSR and GLUT4 protein expression. In summary, our results suggest that superovulatory treatment induced ovarian proliferative changes accompanied by increased expression of genes providing the CL more energy substrate, whereas stimulatory treatment increased lipogenic activity, angiogenesis and plasticity of the extracellular matrix (ECM).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Pacheco Mendes
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danila Barreiro Campos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Carvalho Papa
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Khalfaoui-Bendriss G, Dussault N, Fernandez-Sauze S, Berenguer-Daizé C, Sigaud R, Delfino C, Cayol M, Metellus P, Chinot O, Mabrouk K, Martin PM, Ouafik L. Adrenomedullin blockade induces regression of tumor neovessels through interference with vascular endothelial-cadherin signalling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7536-53. [PMID: 25924235 PMCID: PMC4480698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which adrenomedullin (AM) blockade suppresses tumor neovessels are not well defined. Herein, we show that AM blockade using anti-AM and anti-AM receptors antibodies targets vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and induces regression of unstable nascent tumor neovessels. The underlying mechanism involved, and shown in vitro and in vivo in mice, is the disruption of the molecular engagement of the endothelial cell-specific junctional molecules vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin)/β-catenin complex. AM blockade increases endothelial cell permeability by inhibiting cell-cell contacts predominantly through disruption of VE-cadherin/β-catenin/Akt signalling pathway, thereby leading to vascular collapse and regression of tumor neovessels. At a molecular level, we show that AM blockade induces tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at a critical tyrosine, Tyr731, which is sufficient to prevent the binding of β-catenin to the cytoplasmic tail of VE-cadherin leading to the inhibition of cell barrier function. Furthermore, we demonstrate activation of Src kinase by phosphorylation on Tyr416, supporting a role of Src to phosphorylate Tyr731-VE-cadherin. In this model, Src inhibition impairs αAM and αAMR-induced Tyr731-VE-cadherin phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that Tyr731-VE-cadherin phosphorylation state is dependent on Src activation. We found that AM blockade induces β-catenin phosphorylation on Ser33/Ser37/Thr41 sites in both ECs and VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo in mice. These data suggest that AM blockade selectively induces regression of unstable tumor neovessels, through disruption of VE-cadherin signalling. Targeting AM system may present a novel therapeutic target to selectively disrupt assembly and induce regression of nascent tumor neovessels, without affecting normal stabilized vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghizlane Khalfaoui-Bendriss
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Samantha Fernandez-Sauze
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Sigaud
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Delfino
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Metellus
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Chinot
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Nord, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Nord, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
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15
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Adrenomedullin: A potential therapeutic target for retinochoroidal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 52:112-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Shivanna B, Maity S, Zhang S, Patel A, Jiang W, Wang L, Welty SE, Belmont J, Coarfa C, Moorthy B. Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Cell Proliferation and Inflammation as the Predominant Pathways Regulated by Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Primary Human Fetal Lung Cells Exposed to Hyperoxia. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:155-68. [PMID: 27103661 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. We observed that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling protects newborn mice and primary fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) against hyperoxic injury. Additionally, a recent genome-wide transcriptome study in a newborn mouse model of BPD identified AhR as a key regulator of hyperoxia-induced gene dysregulation. Whether the AhR similarly deregulates genes in HPMEC is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize transcriptome level gene expression profile in AhR-sufficient and -deficient HPMEC exposed to normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Global gene expression profiling was performed using Illumina microarray platform and selected genes were validated by real-time RT-PCR. AhR gene expression and hyperoxia independently affected the expression of 540 and 593 genes, respectively. Two-way ANOVA further identified 85 genes that were affected by an interaction between AhR expression and exposure to hyperoxia. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology, and Reactome pathway analysis identified cell proliferation, immune function, cytokine signaling, and organ development as the major pathways affected in AhR-deficient cells. The biological processes that were significantly enriched by hyperoxia included metabolic process, stress response, signal transduction, cell cycle, and immune regulation. Cell cycle was the predominant pathway affected by the combined effect of AhR knockdown and hyperoxia. Functional analysis of cell cycle showed that AhR-deficient cells had decreased proliferation compared with AhR-sufficient cells. These findings suggest that AhR modulates hyperoxic lung injury by regulating the genes that are necessary for cell proliferation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Shivanna
- *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine; *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine;
| | | | - Shaojie Zhang
- *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
| | - Ananddeep Patel
- *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
| | - Lihua Wang
- *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
| | - Stephen E Welty
- *Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
| | - John Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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17
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Novel Vasoregulatory Aspects of Hereditary Angioedema: the Role of Arginine Vasopressin, Adrenomedullin and Endothelin-1. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:160-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Riera J, Senna A, Cubero M, Roman A, Rello J. Primary Graft Dysfunction and Mortality Following Lung Transplantation: A Role for Proadrenomedullin Plasma Levels. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:634-9. [PMID: 26461449 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation (LT) is a heterogeneous syndrome that comprises clinical presentations with diverse grades of severity. Proadrenomedullin (proADM) levels may be associated with PGD and may enhance its relationship with outcomes. We prospectively included 100 LT recipients. Plasma levels of proADM were measured at 24, 48 and 72 h after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We assessed their relationship with PGD grade and ICU mortality. Fifty patients (50%) presented grade 3 PGD at ICU admission. Twenty-two patients (22%) developed grade 3 PGD at 72 h, the only grade associated with higher mortality (odds ratio 6.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47-38.44). ProADM levels measured at 24 h (3.25 vs. 1.61 nmol/L; p = 0.016) and 72 h (2.17 vs. 1.35 nmol/L; p = 0.011) were higher in these patients than the rest of the population. When we added the individual predictive utility of grade 3 PGD at 72 h for ICU mortality (area under the curve [AUC] 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.90) to that of ProADM at 72 h, the predictive value of the model improved (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.65-0.97). Higher levels of proADM measured following LT are associated with grade 3 PGD at 72 h. ProADM enhances the association of this entity with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Riera
- Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institut, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Senna
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cubero
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Roman
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institut, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pulmonology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Rello
- Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institut, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Nishimatsu H, Suzuki E, Saito Y, Niimi A, Nomiya A, Yamada D, Homma Y. Neuromedin B Restores Erectile Function by Protecting the Cavernous Body and the Nitrergic Nerves from Injury in a Diabetic Rat Model. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26207818 PMCID: PMC4514746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major health problem worldwide and affects approximately 75% of diabetic patients, likely due to severely damaged cavernous body. While screening for cytokines produced by adipose tissue-derived stem cells, we detected neuromedin B (NMB). To explore a potential treatment option for ED, we examined whether NMB was capable of restoring erectile function. We also examined the potential mechanism by which NMB could restore erectile function. Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. An adenovirus expressing NMB (AdNMB) was injected into the penis 6 weeks after STZ administration. Four weeks after the injection of AdNMB, erectile function, penile histology, and protein expression were analyzed. As assessed by the measurement of intracavernous pressure, AdNMB injection significantly restored erectile function compared with the injection of an adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein. This restoration was associated with conservation of the cavernous body structure and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing nerves, together with recovery of α-smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial-cadherin, and nNOS expression. Furthermore, NMB significantly stimulated the survival of SH-SY5Y cells derived from human neuroblastoma tissue with characteristics similar to neurons. Collectively, these results suggested that NMB restored erectile function via protection of the cavernous body from injury and stimulation of the survival of the associated nerves. NMB may be useful to treat ED patients with a severely damaged cavernous body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nishimatsu
- The Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan
| | - Etsu Suzuki
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216–8512, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuho Saito
- The Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan
| | - Aya Niimi
- The Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan
| | - Akira Nomiya
- The Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- The Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- The Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8655, Japan
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20
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Zhang S, Patel A, Moorthy B, Shivanna B. Adrenomedullin deficiency potentiates hyperoxic injury in fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015. [PMID: 26196743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of premature infants that is characterized by alveolar simplification and decreased lung angiogenesis. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation contributes to the development of BPD in premature infants. Adrenomedullin (AM) is an endogenous peptide with potent angiogenic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Whether AM regulates hyperoxic injury in fetal primary human lung cells is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that AM-deficient fetal primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) will have increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and cytotoxicity compared to AM-sufficient HPMEC upon exposure to hyperoxia. Adrenomedullin gene (Adm) was knocked down in HPMEC by siRNA-mediated transfection and the resultant AM-sufficient and -deficient cells were evaluated for hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, cytotoxicity, and Akt activation. AM-deficient HPMEC had significantly increased hyperoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytotoxicity compared to AM-sufficient HPMEC. Additionally, AM-deficient cell culture supernatants had increased macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and 1β, indicating a heightened inflammatory state. Interestingly, AM deficiency was associated with an abrogated Akt activation upon exposure to hyperoxia. These findings support the hypothesis that AM deficiency potentiates hyperoxic injury in primary human fetal HPMEC via mechanisms entailing Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ananddeep Patel
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Zhang ZL, Huang SX, Lin S, Chai L. Plasma adrenomedullin levels and nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 440:172-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Arduini A, Escobar J, Vento M, Escrig R, Quintás G, Sastre J, Saugstad OD, Solberg R. Metabolic adaptation and neuroprotection differ in the retina and choroid in a piglet model of acute postnatal hypoxia. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:127-34. [PMID: 24819373 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic insults to the neonatal brain may cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Vulnerability of different areas of the neural tissue to hypoxic-ischemic stress might be explained by either heterogeneous sensitivity to oxygen or neuroprotective capability. Our understanding of regional heterogeneity is still incomplete in terms of metabolic reconfiguration and/or activation of neuroprotective mechanisms. METHODS We studied, by western blotting, reverse-transcriptase PCR, and tandem mass spectrometry, the response of retina and choroid at protein, gene, and metabolic levels during hypoxia in a piglet model of acute postnatal hypoxia. RESULTS We evidenced a metabolic shift towards glycolysis in choroid after hypoxia while retina experienced a dramatic energy stress with decreased mitochondrial metabolites. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) was not stabilized in retina during hypoxia, supported by a deficient signaling from v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (AKT) and ERK1/2, and unchanged glutathione redox status. In retina, but not in choroid, phosphorylation of p65 (NF-κB) and increased transcription of target genes may have a major role during hypoxic stress. CONCLUSION We showed that the retina engages a distinct pattern of signaling and transcriptional events than observed in the choroid. Retina and choroid may reflect regional sensitivity to hypoxia. While prolonged and intense hypoxia may jeopardize retinal cell survival, choroid sets up a different pattern of response, which promotes adaptation to these adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arduini
- 1] Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain [2] Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Javier Escobar
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maximo Vento
- 1] Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain [2] Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Escrig
- Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Leitat Technological Center, Bio In Vitro Division, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rønnaug Solberg
- Department of Pediatric Research, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Sun W, Depping R, Jelkmann W. Interleukin-1β promotes hypoxia-induced apoptosis of glioblastoma cells by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 mediated adrenomedullin production. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1020. [PMID: 24457964 PMCID: PMC4040669 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common brain tumor in adults. Advanced glioblastomas normally contain hypoxic areas. The primary cellular responses to hypoxia are generally mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a cytokine that is often present in the glioblastoma microenvironment and is known to be a modulator of glioblastoma progression. However, the role of IL-1β in regulating glioblastoma progression is still controversial. In this study, we found that in the human glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and U138MG, IL-1β inhibits the transactivation activity of HIF-1 by promoting the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of the oxygen-labile α-subunit of HIF-1 and downregulates the expression of the HIF-1 target gene adrenomedullin (AM). Apoptosis and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays showed that AM protects glioblastoma cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, in the presence of IL-1β more glioblastoma cells undergo hypoxia-induced cell death. Our findings suggest that when estimating the influence of IL-1β on the prognosis of glioblastoma patients, factors such as the degree of hypoxia, the expression levels of HIF-1 and AM should be taken into consideration. For the AM-producing glioblastoma cells, IL-1β represents a potent apoptosis inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sun
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - R Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - W Jelkmann
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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24
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Huang TH, Chu TY. Repression of miR-126 and upregulation of adrenomedullin in the stromal endothelium by cancer-stromal cross talks confers angiogenesis of cervical cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:3636-47. [PMID: 24037526 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
miR-126 is an endothelial-specific microRNA essential for maintaining vessel integrity during development. Its role of tumor angiogenesis in cancer stroma is unclear. This study investigated the temporal and spatial expression and the role of miR-126 in the course of cervical carcinogenesis. miR-126 was found to be mainly expressed in the stromal endothelium of the uterine cervix. This downregulation was recapitulated in a cell coculture model, wherein cross talk of cervical cancer cells and fibroblasts induced a downregulation of miR-126 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, with consequent increase of tube formation. Coinjection of cancer-associated fibroblasts of human cervix enhanced tumorigenesis of cervical cancer cells, with an increase of microvessel density and dye retention in the tumor vasculature. In association with angiogenesis, host-originated miR-126 in these xenograft tumors was progressively downregulated, whereas supplement of the miR-126 precursor in the coinjection suppressed angiogenesis and tumor growth. A proangiogenic gene adrenomedullin (ADM), which was found to be upregulated in the stroma of cervical cancer and which localized mainly in the blood and lymphatic vessels, was identified as a target of inhibition by miR-126 at the carcinoma in situ-to-invasion stage. The study suggests a cancer stroma cross talk induced repression of miR-126 and upregulation of ADM, and probably other proangiogenic factors, to facilitate angiogenesis and invasion growth of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-H Huang
- 1] Center for Cervical Cancer Prevention, Department of Research, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC [2] Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - T-Y Chu
- 1] Center for Cervical Cancer Prevention, Department of Research, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC [2] Institute of Medical Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC [3] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Risso FM, Sannia A, Gavilanes DAW, Vles HJ, Colivicchi M, Ricotti A, Li Volti G, Gazzolo D. Biomarkers of brain damage in preterm infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 25 Suppl 4:101-4. [PMID: 22958034 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.715024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence on the usefulness of biomarkers in the early detection of preterm infants at risk for brain damage. However, among different tools Activin A, S100B protein and adrenomedullin assessment offer the possibility to investigate brain/multiorgan function and development. This could be especially useful in perinatal medicine that requires even more non-invasive techniques in order to fulfill the minimal handling in diagnostic and therapeutic strategy performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The concept of Unconventional Biological Fluid (UBF: urine and saliva) is becoming even stronger and regards the assessment in non-invasive biological fluids of biochemical markers involved in the cascade of events leading to brain damage. RESULTS Activin A, S100B protein and adrenomedullin in UBF were increased in preterm newborns developing brain damage and/or ominous outcome. CONCLUSIONS The present manuscript offers an update on the usefulness of Activin A, S100B protein an adrenomedullin in UBF as brain damage markers. The findings open a new cue on the use of these markers in daily neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco M Risso
- Department of Neonatology, G Gaslini Children's University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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26
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Nouguerède E, Berenguer C, Garcia S, Bennani B, Delfino C, Nanni I, Dahan L, Gasmi M, Seitz JF, Martin PM, Ouafik L. Expression of adrenomedullin in human colorectal tumors and its role in cell growth and invasion in vitro and in xenograft growth in vivo. Cancer Med 2013; 2:196-207. [PMID: 23634287 PMCID: PMC3639658 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide vasodilator that transduces its effects through calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein-2 and -3 (CLR/RAMP2 and CLR/RAMP3). In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcription demonstrated a significant expression of AM mRNA in tumor samples from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in clinical stage II, III, and IV when compared with normal colorectal tissue. AM, CLR, RAMP2, and RAMP3 proteins were immunohistochemically localized in the carcinomatous epithelial compartment of CRC tissue. Tissue microarray analysis revealed a clear increase of AM, CLR, RAMP2, and RAMP3 staining in lymph node and distant metastasis when compared with primary tumors. The human colon carcinoma cells HT-29 expressed and secreted AM into the culture medium with a significant increase under hypoxia. Treatment of HT-29 cells with synthetic AM stimulated cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Incubation with anti-AM antibody (αAM), anti-AM receptors antibodies (αAMR), or AM antagonist AM22–52 inhibited significantly basal levels of proliferation of HT-29 cells, suggesting that AM may function as an autocrine growth factor for CRC cells. Treatment with αAM significantly suppressed the growth of HT-29 tumor xenografts in vivo. Histological examination of αAM-treated tumors showed evidence of disruption of tumor vascularity with decreased microvessel density, depletion of endothelial cells and pericytes, and increased tumor cell apoptosis. These findings highlight the potential importance of AM and its receptors in the progression of CRC and support the conclusion that αAM treatment inhibits tumor growth by suppression of angiogenesis and tumor growth, suggesting that AM may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Martínez-Herrero S, Larráyoz IM, Ochoa-Callejero L, García-Sanmartín J, Martínez A. Adrenomedullin as a growth and cell fate regulatory factor for adult neural stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:804717. [PMID: 23049570 PMCID: PMC3462413 DOI: 10.1155/2012/804717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells as a strategy for tissue repair and regeneration is one of the biomedical research areas that has attracted more interest in the past few years. Despite the classic belief that the central nervous system (CNS) was immutable, now it is well known that cell turnover occurs in the mature CNS. Postnatal neurogenesis is subjected to tight regulation by many growth factors, cell signals, and transcription factors. An emerging molecule involved in this process is adrenomedullin (AM). AM, a 52-amino acid peptide which exerts a plethora of physiological functions, acts as a growth and cell fate regulatory factor for adult neural stem and progenitor cells. AM regulates the proliferation rate and the differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes of stem/progenitor cells, probably through the PI3K/Akt pathway. The active peptides derived from the AM gene are able to regulate the cytoskeleton dynamics, which is extremely important for mature neural cell morphogenesis. In addition, a defective cytoskeleton may impair cell cycle and migration, so AM may contribute to neural stem cell growth regulation by allowing cells to pass through mitosis. Regulation of AM levels may contribute to program stem cells for their use in medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio M. Larráyoz
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Laura Ochoa-Callejero
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Jacob A, Wu R, Wang P. Regulation of RAMP expression in diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 744:87-103. [PMID: 22434110 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2364-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) belong to a single family of transmembrane proteins. RAMPs determine ligand specificity of G-protein coupled receptors; calcitonin receptor and the calcitonin-receptor like receptor (CLR). To date, three members of RAMP family (RAMP-1, -2, -3) have been identified. The co-expression of RAMP-1 with CLR constitutes the calcitonin gene related peptide receptor whereas the association of the RAMP-2 or RAMP-3 with CLR forms the adrenomedullin (AM) receptor. Alterations in signaling and subcellular distribution of G-protein coupled receptors can be responsible for the regulation of many disease conditions. These changes may be mediated by the different isoforms of RAMPs associated with such receptors. In this chapter, we describe the differential responses associated with upregulation of RAMPs in disease conditions. For instance, the upregulation of all three RAMP isoforms contributes to the cardioprotective effects of the CLR/RAMP ligands. On the other hand, strong evidence exists for the involvement of AM in various cancers and that its action is mediated by the upregulation of RAMP isoforms, RAMP-2 and -3. Though limited, a few studies have been reported on the differential response associated with the upregulation of RAMP in other disease conditions such as sepsis, liver cirrhosis, glomerulonephritis, Type 1 diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Thus, the regulation of RAMP expression is involved in the pathophysiology associated with various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jacob
- The Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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29
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Evans JJ, Chitcholtan K, Dann JM, Guilford P, Harris G, Lewis LK, Nagase J, Welkamp AAW, Zwerus R, Sykes PH. Adrenomedullin interacts with VEGF in endometrial cancer and has varied modulation in tumours of different grades. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 125:214-9. [PMID: 22178239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial cancer, in developed countries, is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Surgery and radiotherapy are successful in many patients but systemic and recurrent diseases have no consistently effective treatments, and for high grade advanced disease the prognosis is poor. The study investigated characteristics of adrenomedullin in endometrial cancer to assist in identifying targets for developing treatments. METHODS Endometrial samples of women with and without cancer, and the Ishikawa cell line were used to investigate adrenomedullin mRNA regulation, peptide expression, adrenomedullin secretion and effects of adrenomedullin on VEGF secretion. RESULTS Expression of adrenomedullin mRNA was upregulated compared to that in healthy post-menopausal endometria. Adrenomedullin secretion was increased by cobalt chloride in this study. Secretion was reduced by the naturally-occurring compounds, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene (resveratrol), which we have previously demonstrated to also suppress VEGF secretion in endometrial tumour tissue. We noted, for the first time, that adrenomedullin enhanced VEGF secretion from tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased adrenomedullin expression may result in amplifying both tumorigenic and angiogenic activities. A substantial impact on growth of tumours may result in vivo as a consequence of the synergism between adrenomedullin and VEGF. Adrenomedullin, which has altered cellular characteristics in tumour compared to healthy tissue, offers an understudied target with potential to modify endometrial cancer behaviour, complementing other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Karpinich NO, Hoopes SL, Kechele DO, Lenhart PM, Caron KM. Adrenomedullin Function in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Insights from Genetic Mouse Models. Curr Hypertens Rev 2011; 7:228-239. [PMID: 22582036 PMCID: PMC3349984 DOI: 10.2174/157340211799304761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin is a highly conserved peptide implicated in a variety of physiological processes ranging from pregnancy and embryonic development to tumor progression. This review highlights past and present studies that have contributed to our current appreciation of the important roles adrenomedullin plays in both normal and disease conditions. We provide a particular emphasis on the functions of adrenomedullin in vascular endothelial cells and how experimental approaches in genetic mouse models have helped to drive the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie O Karpinich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Chen P, Huang Y, Bong R, Ding Y, Song N, Wang X, Song X, Luo Y. Tumor-associated macrophages promote angiogenesis and melanoma growth via adrenomedullin in a paracrine and autocrine manner. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7230-9. [PMID: 21994414 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the tumor microenvironment are often correlated with poor prognosis in melanoma. However, the mechanisms by which TAMs modulate melanoma growth are still poorly understood. This study was aimed at examining the function and mechanism of TAM-derived adrenomedullin (ADM) in angiogenesis and melanoma growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We established in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the relationship between TAMs and ADM in melanoma, the role and mechanism of ADM in TAM-induced angiogenesis and melanoma growth. The clinical significance of ADM and its receptors was evaluated using melanoma tissue microarrays. RESULTS ADM was expressed by infiltrating TAMs in human melanoma, and its secretion from macrophages was upregulated upon coculture with melanoma cells, or with melanoma cells conditioned media. Meanwhile, TAMs enhanced endothelial cell migration and tubule formation and also increased B16/F10 tumor growth. Neutralizing ADM antibody and ADM receptor antagonist, AMA, attenuated TAM-induced angiogenesis in vitro and melanoma growth in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, ADM promoted angiogenesis and melanoma growth via both the paracrine effect, mediated by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway, and the autocrine effect, which stimulated the polarization of macrophages toward an alternatively activated (M2) phenotype. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis on human melanomas showed that the expression of ADM in TAMs and its receptors was greatly increased compared with adjacent normal skins. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a novel mechanism that TAMs enhance angiogenesis and melanoma growth via ADM and provides potential targets for melanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Anti-tumor Protein Therapeutics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Lu Y, Xu Y, Tang C. Changes in Adrenomedullin in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:1047-52. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.594200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dumas EK, Cox PM, Fullenwider CO, Nguyen M, Centola M, Frank MB, Dozmorov I, James JA, Farris AD. Anthrax lethal toxin-induced gene expression changes in mouse lung. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:1111-30. [PMID: 22039574 PMCID: PMC3202878 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3091111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis is the anthrax Lethal Toxin (LeTx), a bipartite toxin composed of Protective Antigen and Lethal Factor. Systemic administration of LeTx to laboratory animals leads to death associated with vascular leakage and pulmonary edema. In this study, we investigated whether systemic exposure of mice to LeTx would induce gene expression changes associated with vascular/capillary leakage in lung tissue. We observed enhanced susceptibility of A/J mice to death by systemic LeTx administration compared to the C57BL/6 strain. LeTx-induced groups of both up- and down-regulated genes were observed in mouse lungs 6 h after systemic administration of wild type toxin compared to lungs of mice exposed to an inactive mutant form of the toxin. Lungs of the less susceptible C57BL/6 strain showed 80% fewer differentially expressed genes compared to lungs of the more sensitive A/J strain. Expression of genes known to regulate vascular permeability was modulated by LeTx in the lungs of the more susceptible A/J strain. Unexpectedly, the largest set of genes with altered expression was immune specific, characterized by the up-regulation of lymphoid genes and the down-regulation of myeloid genes. Transcripts encoding neutrophil chemoattractants, modulators of tumor regulation and angiogenesis were also differentially expressed in both mouse strains. These studies provide new directions for the investigation of vascular leakage and pulmonary edema induced by anthrax LeTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. Dumas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (E.K.D.); (M.N.); (J.A.J.)
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Philip M. Cox
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Charles O’Connor Fullenwider
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Melissa Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (E.K.D.); (M.N.); (J.A.J.)
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Michael Centola
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
- Microarray Research Facility, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mark Barton Frank
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
- Microarray Research Facility, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Judith A. James
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (E.K.D.); (M.N.); (J.A.J.)
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
| | - A. Darise Farris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N. Lindsay, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (E.K.D.); (M.N.); (J.A.J.)
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; 825 NE 13 Street, MS 53, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.M.C.); (C.O.F.); (M.C.); (M.B.K.); (I.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-405-271-7389; Fax: +1-405-271-706
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Maruo T, Ohara N, Yoshida S, Nakabayashi K, Sasaki H, Xu Q, Matsuo H, Sitruk-Ware R, Yamada H. Lessons learned from the preclinical drug discovery of asoprisnil and ulipristal for non-surgical treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:897-911. [PMID: 22646213 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.602670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor in women during the reproductive years. Menorrhagia is the common symptom and accounts for the most frequent indication for hysterectomy. Thus, development of a novel drug for non-surgical treatment of uterine leiomyoma is needed for the betterment of women's health. AREA COVERED This review introduces a translational research initiated by use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for contraceptive purposes. During follow-up, a patient informed that heavy menstrual bleeding caused by uterine myoma was strikingly reduced after the insertion of device. The patient's unexpected comment led the authors to perform clinical trials of LNG-IUS for the management of menorrhagia in women with uterine myomas and striking reduction in menorrhagia was obtained by the use of LNG-IUS. MRI examination, however, revealed that the volume of myomas decreased in some, but increased in the other instances. This unexpected finding with MRI directed the authors to characterize the effects of progesterone (P4) and progesterone receptor modulators (PRMs) on uterineleiomyoma cell growth in vitro. EXPERT OPINION In consistence with the in vitro data obtained, randomized controlled clinical trials of PRMs in patients with uterine leiomyomas at several institutions have demonstrated that oral administration of PRMs (asoprisnil and ulipristal) for 3 months reduced leiomyoma volume, resulting in a significant improvement of the associated symptoms. However, a novel pattern of PRM-associated endometrial changes was recognized in the endometrial pathology, demonstrating unusual epithelial types not seen in the normal menstrual cycle of a premenstrual woman. Thus, follow-up studies to determine whether the novel endometrial changes remain, disappear or progress to something else are needed for the possible long-term use of PRMs for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Maruo
- Kobe Children's Hospital and Feto-Maternal Medical Center, 1-1-1 Takakuradai, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0081 , Japan +81 78 732 0030 ; +81 78 732 0140 ;
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Hermansen SE, Lund T, Kalstad T, Ytrehus K, Myrmel T. Adrenomedullin augments the angiogenic potential of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 300:C783-91. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00044.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic utility of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cardiovascular disease is potentially hampered by their low numbers in the circulation, impaired functional activity, and inhibitory factors in the recipient. These obstacles can possibly be circumvented by the use of proangiogenic cytokines and peptides. We sought to examine the effect of the endogenous vasoactive peptide adrenomedullin (AM) on the angiogenic potential of late outgrowth EPCs and their release of proangiogenic and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured until the appearance of typical late outgrowth EPC colonies. The effect of AM on EPC proliferation was assessed using a colorimetric MTS proliferation assay while differentiation and formation of tubular structures in an EPC/fibroblast coculture or matrigel assay was used to assess the angiogenic potential of the cells. Finally, the release and mRNA transcripts of cytokines/chemokines were quantified in stimulated vs. nonstimulated EPCs using real-time PCR and a bead-based multiplex assay. The cultured EPCs possessed an endothelial phenotype and expressed the AM receptor (calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying protein-2). AM stimulation induced proliferation of EPCs compared with controls ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, AM produced a 36% and 80% increase in the formation of tubular networks in the EPC/fibroblast coculture and matrigel assay, respectively ( P < 0.05). These effects seemed to be mediated through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. AM did not seem to significantly influence the release or production of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, stromal cell-derived factor 1, or the expression of CXCR-4 or VEGF receptor 2. In conclusion, adrenomedullin augmented the growth and angiogenic properties of late outgrowth EPCs, but did not influence their paracrine properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Eggen Hermansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Health Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine Lund
- Department of Medical Biology, The Health Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; and
| | - Trine Kalstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Health Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, The Health Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; and
| | - Truls Myrmel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Health Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Protective effects of statin on cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis in adrenomedullin-knockout mice treated with angiotensin II and high salt loading. Hypertens Res 2010; 34:348-53. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deville JL, Salas S, Figarella-Branger D, Ouafik L, Daniel L. Adrenomedullin as a therapeutic target in angiogenesis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:1059-72. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.522328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gazzolo D, Abella R, Marinoni E, di Iorio R, Li Volti G, Galvano F, Frigiola A, Temporini F, Moresco L, Colivicchi M, Sabatini M, Ricotti A, Strozzi MC, Crivelli S, Risso FM, Sannia A, Florio P. New markers of neonatal neurology. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 22 Suppl 3:57-61. [PMID: 19718579 DOI: 10.1080/14767050903181468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) constitutes the main phenomenon responsible for brain-blood barrier permeability modifications leading to cerebral vascular auto-regulation loss in newborns. Hypotension, cerebral ischemia, and reperfusion are the main events involved in vascular auto-regulation loss leading to cell death and tissue damage. Reperfusion could be critical since organ damage, particularly of the brain, may be amplified during this period. An exaggerated activation of vasoactive agents, of calcium mediated effects could be responsible for reperfusion injury (R-I), which, in turns, leads to cerebral hemorrhage and damage. These phenomena represent a common repertoire in newborns complicated by perinatal acute or chronic hypoxia treated by risky procedures such as mechanical ventilation, nitric oxide supplementation, brain cooling, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Despite accurate monitoring, the post-insult period is crucial, as clinical symptoms and standard monitoring parameters may be silent at a time when brain damage is already occurring and the therapeutic window for pharmacological intervention is limited. Therefore, the measurement of circulating biochemical markers of brain damage, such as vasoactive agents and nervous tissue peptides is eagerly awaited in clinical practice to detect high risk newborns. The present review is aimed at investigating the role of biochemical markers such as adrenomedullin, a vasoactive peptide; S100B, a calcium binding protein, activin A, a glycoprotein, in the cascade of events leading to I-R injury in newborns complicated by perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gazzolo
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Adrenomedullin protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell death by suppression of reactive oxygen species via thiol redox systems. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:213-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ramachandran V, Arumugam T, Langley R, Hwang RF, Vivas-Mejia P, Sood AK, Lopez-Berestein G, Logsdon CD. The ADMR receptor mediates the effects of adrenomedullin on pancreatic cancer cells and on cells of the tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7502. [PMID: 19847298 PMCID: PMC2760778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenomedullin (AM) is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and stimulates pancreatic cancer cells leading to increased tumor growth and metastasis. The current study examines the role of specific AM receptors on tumor and cells resembling the tumor microenvironment (human pancreatic stellate - HPSC, human umbilical vein – HUVEC and mouse lung endothelial cells - MLEC). Methods and Findings AM receptors ADMR and CRLR were present in HPSC, HUVEC and MLECs while PDAC cells possessed only ADMR receptors as assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. All cell lines expressed and secreted AM as indicated by ELISA. The growth of each of the cell lines was stimulated by exogenous AM and inhibited by the antagonist AMA. AM also stimulated in vitro angiogenesis assessed by polygon formation of endothelial cell lines. SiRNA-mediated silencing of ADMR, but not CRLR, reduced basal growth of all cells examined and reduced polygon formation of endothelial cells in vitro. Orthotopic tumors developed with shADMR bearing cancer cells had dramatically reduced primary tumor volume (>90%) and lung and liver metastasis compared to shControl bearing cells. To validate ADMR as a potential therapeutic target, in vivo studies were conducted using neutral nanoliposomes to systemically deliver human siRNA to ADMR to silence human cancer cells and mouse siRNA to ADMR to silence mouse tumor stromal cells. Systemic silencing of both human and mouse ADMR had no obvious adverse effects but strongly reduced tumor development. Conclusion ADMR mediates the stimulatory effects of AM on cancer cells and on endothelial and stellate cells within the tumor microenvironment. These data support the further development of ADMR as a useful target treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Ramachandran
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thiruvengadam Arumugam
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert Langley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rosa F. Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pablo Vivas-Mejia
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Woodward HN, Anwar A, Riddle S, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Fragoso M, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. PI3K, Rho, and ROCK play a key role in hypoxia-induced ATP release and ATP-stimulated angiogenic responses in pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L954-64. [PMID: 19684203 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00038.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that vasa vasorum expansion occurs in the pulmonary artery (PA) adventitia of chronically hypoxic animals and that extracellular ATP is a pro-angiogenic factor for isolated vasa vasorum endothelial cells (VVEC). However, the sources of extracellular ATP in the PA vascular wall, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its release, remain elusive. Studies were undertaken to explore whether VVEC release ATP in response to hypoxia and to determine signaling pathways involved in this process. We found that hypoxia (1-3% O2) resulted in time- and O2-dependent ATP release from VVEC. Preincubation with the inhibitors of vesicular transport (monensin, brefeldin A, and N-ethylmaleimide) significantly decreased ATP accumulation in the VVEC conditioned media, suggesting that hypoxia-induced ATP release occurs through vesicular exocytosis. Additionally, both hypoxia and exogenously added ATP resulted in the activation of PI3K and accumulation of GTP-bound RhoA in a time-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K and ROCK or knockout of RhoA by small interfering RNA significantly abolished hypoxia-induced ATP release from VVEC. Moreover, RhoA and ROCK play a critical role in ATP-induced increases in VVEC DNA synthesis, migration, and tube formation, indicating a functional contribution of PI3K, Rho, and ROCK to both the autocrine mechanism of ATP release and ATP-mediated angiogenic activation of VVEC. Taken together, our findings provide novel evidence for the signaling mechanisms that link hypoxia-induced increases in extracellular ATP and vasa vasorum expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Woodward
- Department of Pediatrics, 12700 E. 19th Ave., University of Colorado Denver, Research Complex 2, Box B131, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Beck H, Plate KH. Angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 117:481-96. [PMID: 19142647 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Though the vascular system of the adult brain is extremely stable under normal baseline conditions, endothelial cells start to proliferate in response to brain ischemia. The induction of angiogenesis, primarily in the ischemic boundary zone, enhances oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected tissue. Additionally, the generation of new blood vessels facilitates highly coupled neurorestorative processes including neurogenesis and synaptogenesis which in turn lead to improved functional recovery. To take advantage of angiogenesis as a therapeutic concept for stroke treatment, the knowledge of the precise molecular mechanisms is mandatory. Especially, since a couple of growth factors involved in post-ischemic angiogenesis may have detrimental adverse effects in the brain by increasing vascular permeability. This article summarizes the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis following cerebral ischemia. Finally, experimental pharmacological and cellular approaches to stimulate and enhance post-ischemic angiogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Beck
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Nørregaard R, Bødker T, Jensen BL, Stødkilde L, Nielsen S, Frøkiær J. Increased renal adrenomedullin expression in rats with ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 296:R185-92. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00170.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ureteral obstruction is characterized by decreased renal blood flow that is associated with hypoxia within the kidney. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide hormone with tissue-protective capacity that is stimulated through hypoxia. We tested the hypothesis that ureteral obstruction stimulates expression of AM and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) in kidneys. Rats were exposed to bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h or sham operation and compared with unilateral obstruction (UUO). AM mRNA expression was measured by quantitative PCR in cortex and outer medulla (C+OM) and inner medulla (IM). AM and HIF-1α protein abundance and localization were determined in rats subjected to 24-h BUO. AM mRNA expression in C+OM increased significantly after 12-h BUO and further increased after 24 h. In IM, AM mRNA expression increased significantly in response to BUO for 6 h and further increased after 24 h. AM peptide abundance was enhanced in C+OM and IM after 24-h BUO. Immunohistochemical labeling of kidneys showed a wider distribution and more intense AM signal in 24-h BUO compared with Sham. In UUO rats, AM mRNA expression increased significantly in IM of the obstructed kidney compared with nonobstructed and Sham kidney whereas AM peptide increased in IM compared with Sham. HIF-1α protein abundance increased significantly in IM after 24-h BUO compared with Sham and HIF-1α immunoreactive protein colocalized with AM. In summary, AM and HIF-1α expression increases in response to ureteral obstruction in agreement with expected oxygen gradients. Hypoxia acting through HIF-1α accumulation may be an important pathway for the renal response to ureteral obstruction.
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Tixier E, Leconte C, Touzani O, Roussel S, Petit E, Bernaudin M. Adrenomedullin protects neurons against oxygen glucose deprivation stress in an autocrine and paracrine manner. J Neurochem 2008; 106:1388-403. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fritz-Six KL, Dunworth WP, Li M, Caron KM. Adrenomedullin signaling is necessary for murine lymphatic vascular development. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:40-50. [PMID: 18097475 DOI: 10.1172/jci33302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system mediates fluid homeostasis, immune defense, and tumor metastasis. Only a handful of genes are known to affect the development of the lymphatic vasculature, and even fewer represent therapeutic targets for lymphatic diseases. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide vasodilator that transduces its effects through the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (calcrl) when the receptor is associated with a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP2). Here we report on the involvement of these genes in lymphangiogenesis. AM-, calcrl-, or RAMP2-null mice died mid-gestation after development of interstitial lymphedema. This conserved phenotype provided in vivo evidence that these components were required for AM signaling during embryogenesis. A conditional knockout line with loss of calcrl in endothelial cells confirmed an essential role for AM signaling in vascular development. Loss of AM signaling resulted in abnormal jugular lymphatic vessels due to reduction in lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, AM caused enhanced activation of ERK signaling in human lymphatic versus blood endothelial cells, likely due to induction of CALCRL gene expression by the lymphatic transcriptional regulator Prox1. Collectively, our studies identify a class of genes involved in lymphangiogenesis that represent a pharmacologically tractable system for the treatment of lymphedema or inhibition of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Fritz-Six
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Uzan B, Villemin A, Garel JM, Cressent M. Adrenomedullin is anti-apoptotic in osteoblasts through CGRP1 receptors and MEK-ERK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:122-8. [PMID: 17941085 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been shown to mediate multifunctional responses in cell culture and animal system such as regulation of growth and apoptosis. ADM stimulates the proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro and promotes bone growth in vivo. The ability of ADM to influence osteoblastic cell number through inhibition of apoptosis has not yet been studied. To address this question we have investigated its effect on the apoptosis of serum-deprived osteoblastic cells using mouse MC3T3-E1 cells which express both ADM and ADM receptors. Treatment with ADM significantly blunted apoptosis, evaluated by caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation quantification and annexin V-FITC labeling. This effect was abolished by the subtype-1 CGRP receptor antagonist, CGRP(8-37). Both ADM and its specific receptor antagonist, the (22-52) ADM fragment exhibited a similar anti-apoptotic effect. Thus, our data suggest that ADM exerts anti-apoptotic effects through CGRP1 receptors. This was substantiated by a similar protective effect of CGRP on MC3T3-E1 cells apoptosis. Accordingly, neutralization of endogenous ADM by a specific antibody enhanced apoptosis. Finally, the selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK), PD98059, abolished the apoptosis protective effect of ADM and prevented ADM activation of ERK1/2. These data show that ADM acts as a survival factor in osteoblastic cells via a CGRP1 receptor-MEK-ERK pathway, which provides further understanding on the physiological function of ADM in osteoblasts.
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Gut hyperpermiability after ischemia and reperfusion: attenuation with adrenomedullin and its binding protein treatment. Int J Audiol 2008; 47 Suppl 1:S14-22. [PMID: 18787625 DOI: 10.1080/14992020802286202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia bowel remains a critical problem resulting in up to 80% mortality. The loss of gut barrier function plays an important role. Our previous studies have shown that administration of adrenomedullin (AM), a novel vasoactive peptide, and its binding protein (AMBP-1), reduces the systemic inflammatory response and organ injury after systemic ischemia induced by hemorrhagic shock. However, it remains unknown whether administration of AM/AMBP-1 preserves gut barrier function after gut ischemia reperfusion (I/R). We therefore hypothesized that AM/AMBP-1 prevents structural and functional damages to the intestinal mucosa after gut I/R. To test this, gut ischemia was induced by placing a microvascular clip across the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 90 min in male adult rats. After release of the SMA clamp, AM (12 mug/kg BW) and AMBP-1 (40 mug/kg BW) in combination or vehicle (1-ml normal saline) were administered intravenously over a period of 30 min. The mucosal barrier function in the small intestine was assessed in an isolated everted ileum sac using fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran (FD4) at 4 h after AM/AMBP-1 treatment. FD4 clearance was used as a measure of gut permeability. In additional groups of animals, blood and small intestine samples were collected at 4 h after the treatment. Morphological changes in the small intestine were assessed by H-E staining. Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase were also assessed. The gene expression and protein levels of TNF-alpha in the small intestine were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Our results showed that administration of AM/AMBP-1 significantly attenuated the development of intestinal mucosal hyperpermeability during the reperfusion. Treatment with AM/AMBP-1 dramatically improved I/R-induced intestinal mucosal damages, attenuated remote organ injury, and downregulated gene expression and protein levels of TNF-alpha in the small intestine. In conclusion, AM/AMBP-1 attenuates structural and functional damages to the intestinal mucosa, and it appears to be a novel treatment for reperfusion injury after gut ischemia. The beneficial effect of AM/AMBP-1 on gut barrier function after I/R is associated with downregulation of TNF-alpha.
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Buyukberber S, Sari I, Camci C, Buyukberber NM, Sevinc A, Turk HM. Adrenomedullin expression does not correlate with survival in lung cancer. Med Oncol 2007; 24:245-9. [PMID: 17848751 DOI: 10.1007/bf02698047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 12/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that adrenomedullin (AM) plays a role in lung carcinogenesis although, to confirm this suggestion, further clinical studies are needed to determine its relationship with prognosis in lung cancer. Archived 50 paraffin-embedded tumor samples of the lung were retrospectively evaluated for AM expression by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for a possible correlation with patient characteristics and survival. Quantitation of immunoreactivity was accomplished using an immunohistochemical scoring system. The pulmonary resection specimens contained 22 squamous cell carcinomas, 15 adenocarcinomas, and 13 small cell carcinomas. Non-small cell carcinomas of the lung were more likely to express AM than small cell carcinomas of the lung. Ninety-one percent of squamous cell carcinomas and 87% of adenocarcinomas expressed AM at a moderate to strong level and grade2-4 (30-100%), which were significantly higher from the non-neo-plastic lung tissue. Twenty-three percent of small cell carcinomas of lung expressed AM. Interestingly, AM immunoreactivity was essentially weak and grade 1 (<%30) in this group. AM expression is upregulated in non-small cell carcinomas of the lung, whereas it is downregulated in small cell carcinomas and non-neo-plastic lung tissues. AM expression did not show any correlation with the differentiation of the tumor, the stage of cancer, and the overall survival of patients. These results did not support the role of adrenomedullin as an independent survival factor for lung cancer. However, AM inhibition in conjunction with other anti-angiogenic agents may be useful in the prevention and treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Buyukberber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Medical Faculty, Gazi Hospital, Ankara, 06500.
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Nowicki M, Ostalska-Nowicka D, Kondraciuk B, Miskowiak B. The significance of substance P in physiological and malignant haematopoiesis. J Clin Pathol 2007; 60:749-55. [PMID: 17172475 PMCID: PMC1995773 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.041475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The role of substance P (SP) in physiological haematopoiesis is well established. However, it also seems to be important in the neoplastic transformation of bone marrow, leading to the development of acute leukaemia in children, and also metastases to bone marrow of solid tumours (particularly neuroblastoma and breast cancer) in early stages of these diseases. This review summarises the available data on SP involvement in both processes. In the future, SP antagonists may be used as anti-neoplastic drugs, for example by direct or indirect blocking of tumour cell proliferation through inhibition of growth factor production and interleukin-1b synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
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Keleg S, Kayed H, Jiang X, Penzel R, Giese T, Büchler MW, Friess H, Kleeff J. Adrenomedullin is induced by hypoxia and enhances pancreatic cancer cell invasion. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:21-32. [PMID: 17290391 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is synthesized by different types of cells and acts by binding calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and members of the receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) family. In this study, the expression and functional role of ADM and its signaling components were investigated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). By QRT-PCR, median mRNA levels of ADM and CRLR were 1.5- and 2.4-fold higher, respectively, in PDAC tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues. By immunohistochemistry, ADM, CRLR, RAMP1 and RAMP2, but not RAMP3, were expressed in pancreatic cancer cells. ADM serum levels were significantly increased in PDAC patients compared to healthy controls and chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 and 0.98, respectively. At a cut-off level of 30.6 ng/ml, the specificity of ADM to differentiate PDAC from controls and CP patients was 85.5 and 83.6%, with a sensitivity of 80 and 100%. All 5 evaluated pancreatic cancer cells lines expressed ADM, CRLR, RAMP1 and RAMP2, whereas RAMP3 was expressed in only 1/5 pancreatic cancer cell lines. ADM was strongly induced by hypoxia and significantly increased invasiveness in 3/5 human pancreatic cancer cells. Blocking of CRLR decreased invasiveness in 4/5 human pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, rADM slightly up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in 3/5 cell lines. In conclusion, ADM is induced by hypoxia and over-expressed in PDAC and might therefore serve as a potential tumor marker. Furthermore, ADM increases invasiveness of some pancreatic cancer cells and might influence angiogenesis, suggesting that blocking this pathway might have a therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Keleg
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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