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Zhao C, Wen Z, Gao Y, Xiao F, Yan J, Wang X, Meng T. Pantothenic Acid Alleviates Fat Deposition and Inflammation by Suppressing the JNK/P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Med Food 2024; 27:834-843. [PMID: 38949913 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat deposition leads to obesity and cardiovascular diseases with abnormal metabolism. Pantothenic acid (PA) is a major B vitamin required for energy metabolism. However, the effect of PA on lipid metabolism and obesity has not been explored. We investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of PA on fat accumulation as well as the influence of adipogenic marker genes in both adult male mice and primary adipocytes. First, we demonstrated that PA attenuates weight gain in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). Besides, PA supplementation substantially improved glucose tolerance and lipid metabolic disorder in obese mice. Furthermore, PA significantly inhibited white adipose tissue (WAT) deposition as well as fat droplets visualized by magnification in both chow and HFD group. More importantly, PA obviously suppressed the mRNA levels of CD36, IL-6, and TNF-α to alleviate inflammation and reduced the levels of PPARγ, aP2, and C/EBPα genes that are related to lipid metabolism in inguinal white adipose tissue (ing-WAT) and epididymal white adipose tissue (ei-WAT). In vitro, PA supplementation showed a lower lipid droplet aggregation as well as reduced expression levels of adipogentic genes. Finally, we identified that PA inhibits the phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK in murine primary adipocytes. Collectively, our data demonstrated for the first time that PA attenuates lipid metabolic disorder as well as fat deposition by JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunzhen Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Ziwei Wen
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yunfei Gao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Pingqiao District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development of Xinyang, Xinyang, China
| | - Jinzhao Yan
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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Gao YX, Kou C. The Associations of Vitamin D Level with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Adult Population: Evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:581-589. [PMID: 37843920 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Vitamin D can both stimulate and inhibit adipogenesis, indicating that associations of the vitamin D level with some metabolic disorders may be nonlinear. This cross-sectional study aims to explore potential nonlinear associations of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Methods: Adults without previously diagnosed specific noncommunicable disease were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (n = 870). Their demographic, physical, and laboratory data were obtained. The associations of serum 25(OH)D with MetS and its components were analyzed using logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline was applied to flexibly model the nonlinear association if the nonlinearity test was statistically significant. Results: The 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with risk of MetS [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.986; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.978-0.993] and most MetS components, but not with the risk of raised triglycerides (adjusted OR = 0.996; 95% CI = 0.988-1.005). The association of serum 25(OH)D with central obesity risk was significantly nonlinear (P for the nonlinearity test: 0.037). The OR for risk of central obesity decreased rapidly with increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration until the concentration reached 50 nmol/L, and then, the intensity of decrease in OR slowed down. Conclusions: Vitamin D is inversely associated with MetS, but not all MetS components. A nonlinear association between the vitamin D level and risk of central obesity has been found for the first time among the adult population, which reflects the complex roles of vitamin D in lipid metabolism. Although vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was defined to avoid abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, preventing its deficiency may also be beneficial for reduction of central obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Gao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Chen Kou
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Peking, China
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Wu J, Atkins A, Downes M, Wei Z. Vitamin D in Diabetes: Uncovering the Sunshine Hormone's Role in Glucose Metabolism and Beyond. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081997. [PMID: 37111216 PMCID: PMC10142687 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, epidemiology and functional studies have started to reveal a pivotal role of vitamin D in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D regulates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets and insulin sensitivity in multiple peripheral metabolic organs. In vitro studies and both T1D and T2D animal models showed that vitamin D can improve glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin secretion, reducing inflammation, reducing autoimmunity, preserving beta cell mass, and sensitizing insulin action. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency has been shown relevant in increasing T1D and T2D incidence. While clinical trials testing the hypothesis that vitamin D improves glycemia in T2D have shown conflicting results, subgroup and meta-analyses support the idea that raising serum vitamin D levels may reduce the progression from prediabetes to T2D. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and immunity, as well as the observational and interventional human studies investigating the use of vitamin D as a treatment for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Annette Atkins
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Liu L, Rosen CJ. New Insights into Calorie Restriction Induced Bone Loss. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:203-213. [PMID: 37150516 PMCID: PMC10164494 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is now a popular lifestyle choice due to its ability in experimental animals to improve lifespan, reduce body weight, and lessen oxidative stress. However, more and more emerging evidence suggests this treatment requires careful consideration because of its detrimental effects on the skeletal system. Experimental and clinical studies show that CR can suppress bone growth and raise the risk of fracture, but the specific mechanisms are poorly understood. Reduced mechanical loading has long been thought to be the primary cause of weight loss-induced bone loss from calorie restriction. Despite fat loss in peripheral depots with calorie restriction, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases, and this may play a significant role in this pathological process. Here, we update recent advances in our understanding of the effects of CR on the skeleton, the possible pathogenic role of BMAT in CR-induced bone loss, and some strategies to mitigate any potential side effects on the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Liu
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, USA
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Mukai T, Kusudo T. Bidirectional effect of vitamin D on brown adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 fibroblast-like cells. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14785. [PMID: 36815991 PMCID: PMC9934812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates caloric energy as heat and plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, augmentation and activation of BAT are the focus of new treatment strategies against obesity, a primary risk factor of metabolic syndrome. The vitamin D system plays a crucial role in mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism, and cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on brown adipocyte differentiation. Methods The mouse fibroblast-like cell line C3H10T1/2 was differentiated into brown adipocytes in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on brown adipocyte differentiation was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation, the expression of related genes, and cytotoxicity. The viability of C3H10T1/2 cells was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Gene expression was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was estimated using western blotting. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited adipocyte differentiation and exerted a cytotoxic effect at 1 nM. However, in the physiological concentration range (50-250 pM), 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in C3H10T1/2 cells. This effect was not observed when 1,25(OH)2D3 was added 48 h after the initiation of differentiation, suggesting that the vitamin D system acts in the early phase of the differentiation program. We showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of two key regulators of brown adipogenesis, PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc1α ). Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased Ucp1 expression in 3T3-L1 beige adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These data indicate the potential of vitamin D and its analogs as therapeutics for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Mukai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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Şengül Ayçiçek G, Aydoğan Bİ, Şahin M, Emral R, Erdoğan MF, Güllü S, Başkal N, Çorapçıoğlu D. The impact of vitamin D deficiency on clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in primary hyperparathyroidism. ENDOCRINOLOGIA, DIABETES Y NUTRICION 2023; 70:56-62. [PMID: 36764749 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse clinical outcomes in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in PHPT patients. METHODS A total of 128 patients with biochemically confirmed PHPT were included. Patients were categorized as vitamin D deficient if 25-OH vitamin D was <50nmol/L, or normal if vitamin D was ≥50nmol/L. Biochemical parameters, bone mineral densitometry (BMD), and urinary tract and neck ultrasonography were assessed. RESULTS In the study group, 66 (51.6%) patients had vitamin D deficiency and 60 (48.4%) had normal vitamin D levels. Nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis were found in 26.6% and 30.5% of subjects, respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2) and hypertension (HTN) were higher in the vitamin D deficient group when compared to the normal group (p=0.04, p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). There was no difference regarding the presence of nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis between the groups. The mean adenoma size was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, adenoma size or biochemical parameters in PHPT. However, vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for developing HTN and MetS in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Şengül Ayçiçek
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna İmge Aydoğan
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Emral
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Faik Erdoğan
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Güllü
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Başkal
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Çorapçıoğlu
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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The impact of vitamin D deficiency on clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in primary hyperparathyroidism. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Borojević A, Jauković A, Kukolj T, Mojsilović S, Obradović H, Trivanović D, Živanović M, Zečević Ž, Simić M, Gobeljić B, Vujić D, Bugarski D. Vitamin D3 Stimulates Proliferation Capacity, Expression of Pluripotency Markers, and Osteogenesis of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells, Partly through SIRT1 Signaling. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020323. [PMID: 35204824 PMCID: PMC8868595 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of vitamin D3 is well defined, as are the effects of its active metabolites on various cells, including mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). However, the biological potential of its precursor, cholecalciferol (VD3), has not been sufficiently investigated, although its significance in regenerative medicine—mainly in combination with various biomaterial matrices—has been recognized. Given that VD3 preconditioning might also contribute to the improvement of cellular regenerative potential, the aim of this study was to investigate its effects on bone marrow (BM) MSC functions and the signaling pathways involved. For that purpose, the influence of VD3 on BM-MSCs obtained from young human donors was determined via MTT test, flow cytometric analysis, immunocytochemistry, and qRT-PCR. Our results revealed that VD3, following a 5-day treatment, stimulated proliferation, expression of pluripotency markers (NANOG, SOX2, and Oct4), and osteogenic differentiation potential in BM-MSCs, while it reduced their senescence. Moreover, increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression was detected upon treatment with VD3, which mediated VD3-promoted osteogenesis and, partially, the stemness features through NANOG and SOX2 upregulation. In contrast, the effects of VD3 on proliferation, Oct4 expression, and senescence were SIRT1-independent. Altogether, these data indicate that VD3 has strong potential to modulate BM-MSCs’ features, partially through SIRT1 signaling, although the precise mechanisms merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Borojević
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘’Dr Vukan Čupić’’, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Ž.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (D.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-3108-175
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (D.T.); (M.Ž.); (D.B.)
| | - Tamara Kukolj
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (D.T.); (M.Ž.); (D.B.)
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (D.T.); (M.Ž.); (D.B.)
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (D.T.); (M.Ž.); (D.B.)
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (D.T.); (M.Ž.); (D.B.)
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Clinics, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Center for Locomotion Research, University Würzburg, Sanderring 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milena Živanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (D.T.); (M.Ž.); (D.B.)
| | - Željko Zečević
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘’Dr Vukan Čupić’’, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Ž.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (D.V.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Simić
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘’Dr Vukan Čupić’’, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Ž.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (D.V.)
| | - Borko Gobeljić
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘’Dr Vukan Čupić’’, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Ž.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (D.V.)
| | - Dragana Vujić
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia ‘’Dr Vukan Čupić’’, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (Ž.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.); (D.V.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (T.K.); (S.M.); (H.O.); (D.T.); (M.Ž.); (D.B.)
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Miazek K, Selmi A, Balcerczyk A, Śliwińska A. The Action of Vitamin D in Adipose Tissue: Is There the Link between Vitamin D Deficiency and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolic Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:956. [PMID: 35055140 PMCID: PMC8779075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic metabolism via the secretion of adipocytokines and storing and releasing energy. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional and characterized by hypertrophied adipocytes, increased inflammation, hypoxia, and decreased angiogenesis. Although adipose tissue is one of the major stores of vitamin D, its deficiency is detective in obese subjects. In the presented review, we show how vitamin D regulates numerous processes in adipose tissue and how their dysregulation leads to metabolic disorders. The molecular response to vitamin D in adipose tissue affects not only energy metabolism and adipokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via the regulation of gene expression but also genes participating in antioxidant defense, adipocytes differentiation, and apoptosis. Thus, its deficiency disturbs adipocytokines secretion, metabolism, lipid storage, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, the regulation of inflammation, and oxidative stress balance. Restoring the proper functionality of adipose tissue in overweight or obese subjects is of particular importance in order to reduce the risk of developing obesity-related complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Taking into account the results of experimental studies, it seemed that vitamin D may be a remedy for adipose tissue dysfunction, but the results of the clinical trials are not consistent, as some of them show improvement and others no effect of this vitamin on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters. Therefore, further studies are required to evaluate the beneficial effects of vitamin D, especially in overweight and obese subjects, due to the presence of a volumetric dilution of this vitamin among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krystian Miazek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 15 Wroblewskiego, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Selmi
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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Ali D, Tencerova M, Figeac F, Kassem M, Jafari A. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes in aging women and men: The mechanisms and roles of increased bone marrow adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:981487. [PMID: 36187112 PMCID: PMC9520254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.981487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis incidence increases with age in both post-menopausal women and aging men. Among other important contributing factors to bone fragility observed in osteoporosis, that also affect the elderly population, are metabolic disturbances observed in obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). These metabolic complications are associated with impaired bone homeostasis and a higher fracture risk. Expansion of the Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (BMAT), at the expense of decreased bone formation, is thought to be one of the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and bone fragility in obesity and T2D. Our review provides a summary of mechanisms behind increased Bone Marrow Adiposity (BMA) during aging and highlights the pre-clinical and clinical studies connecting obesity and T2D, to BMA and bone fragility in aging osteoporotic women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
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11
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Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Ghobadi S, Akhlaghi M, Faghih S. The effect of calcium supplement intake on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2093-2102. [PMID: 33226265 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1850414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential role of dietary calcium in fat excretion, the favorable effects of calcium supplements on lipid profile remains inconclusive. The current study aimed to review the effect of calcium supplement intake on lipid profile in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Central. RCTs which assessed the effects of calcium supplementation on lipid profile were included. All outcomes were recorded as continuous variables, and the effect size was measured. We classified studies according to dose of supplement, study duration, and dyslipidemia. Calcium supplement intake was associated with a significant reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (WMD:-0.08; 95%CI:-0.16,-0.01)(mmol/l), especially with intakes of at least 1000 mg/day (WMD:-0.13; 95%CI:-0.23,-0.03)(mmol/l), with intakes of at least 12 weeks (WMD:-0.08; 95%CI: -0.16,-0.00)(mmol/l), and in individuals without dyslipidemia (WMD:-0.15; 95%CI:-0.26,-0.04)(mmol/l). Also, in another subgroup analysis, consumption of less than 1000 mg/day calcium supplement caused a significant increase in Total Cholesterol (TC) level (WMD: 0.24; 95%CI: 0.05,0.42) (mmol/l). In other blood lipids or study subgroups we observed no significant effect. We concluded that calcium supplements had a favorable effect on LDL-C level, especially in individuals without dyslipidemia, higher calcium intakes, and longer period of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Ghobadi
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of community nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of community nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. The Regulation of Marrow Fat by Vitamin D: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:405-415. [PMID: 31749086 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the available literature regarding a possible relationship between vitamin D and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), and to identify future avenues of research that warrant attention. RECENT FINDINGS Results from in vivo animal and human studies all support the hypothesis that vitamin D can suppress BMAT expansion. This is achieved by antagonizing adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells, through inhibition of PPARγ2 activity and stimulation of pro-osteogenic Wnt signalling. However, our understanding of the functions of BMAT is still evolving, and studies on the role of vitamin D in modulating BMAT function are lacking. In addition, many diseases and chronic conditions are associated with low vitamin D status and low bone mineral density (BMD), but BMAT expansion has not been studied in these patient populations. Vitamin D suppresses BMAT expansion, but its role in modulating BMAT function is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanel Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Francie van Zijl Drive, PO Box 241, Parow, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
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13
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Mousa A, Naderpoor N, Wilson K, Plebanski M, de Courten MPJ, Scragg R, de Courten B. Vitamin D supplementation increases adipokine concentrations in overweight or obese adults. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:195-204. [PMID: 30649593 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D regulates adipokine production in vitro; however, clinical trials have been inconclusive. We conducted secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial to examine whether vitamin D supplementation improves adipokine concentrations in overweight/obese and vitamin D-deficient adults. METHODS Sixty-five individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≤ 50 nmol/L were randomized to oral cholecalciferol (100,000 IU single bolus followed by 4,000 IU daily) or matching placebo for 16 weeks. We measured BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, % body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry), serum 25(OH)D (chemiluminescent immunoassay) and total adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and adipsin concentrations (multiplex assay; flow cytometry). Sun exposure, physical activity, and diet were assessed using questionnaires. RESULTS Fifty-four participants completed the study (35M/19F; mean age = 31.9 ± 8.5 years; BMI = 30.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2). After 16 weeks, vitamin D supplementation increased 25(OH)D concentrations compared with placebo (57.0 ± 21.3 versus 1.9 ± 15.1 nmol/L, p < 0.001). There were no differences between groups for changes in adiponectin, leptin, resistin, or adipsin in unadjusted analyses (all p > 0.05). After adjustment for baseline values, season, sun exposure, and dietary vitamin D intake, there was a greater increase in adiponectin (β[95%CI] = 13.7[2.0, 25.5], p = 0.02) and leptin (β[95%CI] = 22.3[3.8, 40.9], p = 0.02) in the vitamin D group compared with placebo. Results remained significant after additional adjustment for age, sex, and % body fat (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D may increase adiponectin and leptin concentrations in overweight/obese and vitamin D-deficient adults. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular interactions between vitamin D and adipokines and the clinical implications of these interactions in the context of obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02112721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Maximilian P J de Courten
- Centre for Chronic Disease, Victoria University, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, 261 Morrin Road, Glen Innes, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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14
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Park JE, Pichiah PBT, Cha YS. Vitamin D and Metabolic Diseases: Growing Roles of Vitamin D. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:223-232. [PMID: 31089567 PMCID: PMC6513299 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a free sunshine vitamin available for mankind from nature, is capable to avert many health-related critical circumstances. Vitamin D is no more regarded as a nutrient involved in bone metabolism alone. The presence of vitamin D receptor in a number of tissues implies that vitamin D has various physiological roles apart from calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Low serum vitamin D has been found to be associated with various types of metabolic illness such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Various studies reported that vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in linked with metabolic syndrome risk. This review focuses on various metabolic diseases and its relationship with serum vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - P B Tirupathi Pichiah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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15
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Dietary calcium status during maternal pregnancy and lactation affects lipid metabolism in mouse offspring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16542. [PMID: 30410113 PMCID: PMC6224457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium plays important roles in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, but whether its status in early life affects later lipid profiles needs to be clarified. Three to four-week old C57BL/6J female mice were fed with three different reproductive diets containing normal, low (insufficient) and high (excessive) calcium concentrations respectively throughout pregnancy and lactation. At postnatal 21 days, the weaning male and female pups from each group were sacrificed for experiments and the remaining were fed with the normal chow diet for 16 weeks. Meanwhile, some of the weaning female pups from maternal low calcium diet group were fed with the normal calcium, low calcium and high calcium mature diets respectively for 8 weeks. Maternal insufficient or excessive calcium status during pregnancy and lactation programmed an abnormal expression of hepatic and adipose genes (PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, FABP4, Fasn, UCP2, PPAR-α, HMG-Red1, Acc1, and SREBP-1c) in the offspring and this may lead to dyslipidemia and accumulation of hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in later life. The effects of maternal calcium status on lipid metabolism were found only in the female adult offspring, but were similar between offspring males and females at postnatal 21 days. Additionally, the dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation caused by insufficient calcium status in early life may be reversed to some extent by dietary calcium supplementation in later life.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to summarize recent findings on marrow adipose tissue (MAT) function and to discuss the possibility of targeting MAT for therapeutic purposes. RECENT FINDINGS MAT is characterized with high heterogeneity which may suggest both that marrow adipocytes originate from multiple different progenitors and/or their phenotype is determined by skeletal location and environmental cues. Close relationship to osteoblasts and heterogeneity suggests that MAT consists of cells representing spectrum of phenotypes ranging from lipid-filled adipocytes to pre-osteoblasts. We propose a term of adiposteoblast for describing phenotypic spectrum of MAT. Manipulating with MAT activity in diseases where impairment in energy metabolism correlates with bone functional deficit, such as aging and diabetes, may be beneficial for both. Paracrine activities of MAT might be considered for treatment of bone diseases. MAT has unrecognized potential, either beneficial or detrimental, to regulate bone homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions. More research is required to harness this potential for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| | - Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Lance A Stechschulte
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Amit Sopan Chougule
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
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17
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Abstract
Vitamin D, a secosteroid predominately obtained by endogenous production, has in recent years been linked to obesity and its comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to draw conclusions from animal and human studies on the effects of vitamin D on adipogenesis to identify the molecular links between vitamin D and obesity. The information presented herein was obtained from 4 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus) using predefined search terms, as well as research literature and other reviews. The effects of vitamin D on adipogenesis have been researched in several animal models, and the majority of these studies suggest vitamin D plays an inhibitory role in adipogenesis. Studies into vitamin D status and obesity in humans are limited, with the majority being observational epidemiological studies that provide no conclusions on cause and effect or clear links on the molecular mechanisms. The few cell culture and supplementation studies that have investigated adipogenesis in human cells indicate that, in contrast to findings from rodent studies, vitamin D is proadipogenic. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether 1) vitamin D deficiency is associated with a lean or obese phenotype, 2) vitamin D deficiency is a consequence of obesity, or (3) the effects of vitamin D on fat tissue are due to interactions with calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare F Dix
- Centre for Dietetic Research, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Olivia R L Wright
- Centre for Dietetic Research, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Silvagno F, Pescarmona G. Spotlight on vitamin D receptor, lipid metabolism and mitochondria: Some preliminary emerging issues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 450:24-31. [PMID: 28414049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional control and modulation of calcium fluxes underpin the differentiating properties of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). In the latest years however few studies have pointed out the relevance of the mitochondrial effects of the hormone. It is now time to focus on the metabolic results of vitamin D receptor (VDR) action in mitochondria, which can explain the pleiotropic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and may elucidate few contrasting aspects of its activity. The perturbation of lipid metabolism described in VDR knockout mice and vitamin D deficient animals can be revisited based on the newly identified mechanism of action of 1,25(OH)2D3 in mitochondria. From the same point of view, the controversial role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in adipogenesis can be better interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Gianpiero Pescarmona
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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19
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Mota de Sá P, Richard AJ, Hang H, Stephens JM. Transcriptional Regulation of Adipogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:635-674. [PMID: 28333384 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are the defining cell type of adipose tissue. Once considered a passive participant in energy storage, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic organ that contributes to several important physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, systemic energy homeostasis, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in its development and function is of great importance. Adipocyte differentiation is a highly orchestrated process which can vary between different fat depots as well as between the sexes. While hormones, miRNAs, cytoskeletal proteins, and many other effectors can modulate adipocyte development, the best understood regulators of adipogenesis are the transcription factors that inhibit or promote this process. Ectopic expression and knockdown approaches in cultured cells have been widely used to understand the contribution of transcription factors to adipocyte development, providing a basis for more sophisticated in vivo strategies to examine adipogenesis. To date, over two dozen transcription factors have been shown to play important roles in adipocyte development. These transcription factors belong to several families with many different DNA-binding domains. While peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is undoubtedly the most important transcriptional modulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue, members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, Krüppel-like transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, GATA, early B cell factor, and interferon-regulatory factor families also regulate adipogenesis. The importance of PPARγ activity is underscored by several covalent modifications that modulate its activity and its ability to modulate adipocyte development. This review will primarily focus on the transcriptional control of adipogenesis in white fat cells and on the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:635-674, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mota de Sá
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Hardy Hang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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20
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Abbas MA. Physiological functions of Vitamin D in adipose tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:369-381. [PMID: 27520301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has long been identified as the major site of vitamin D storage. Recent studies have demonstrated that VDR and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in adipocytes. Furthermore, it has been shown that vitamin D regulates adipogenic gene expression as well as adipocyte apoptosis. Vitamin D is active in adipocytes at all levels. It interacts with membrane receptors, adaptor molecules, and nuclear coregulator proteins. Several functions of unliganded nVDR were discovered by studying human samples from patients having hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets, transgenic mice overexpressing the VDR and VDR knockout mice. Through its genomic action, vitamin D participates in the regulation of energy metabolism by controlling the expression of uncoupling proteins. In vitro, vitamin D stimulates lipogenesis and inhibits lipolysis by interacting with mVDR. mVDR is present in caveolae of the plasma membrane and is the same as the classic nVDR. In addition, vitamin D affects directly the expression of the appetite regulating hormone, leptin. Some researchers reported also that vitamin D regulates the expression of the insulin sensitizing hormone, adiponectin. Vitamin D reduced cytokine release and adipose tissue inflammation through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Scientific research investigating the role of adipose tissue resident immune cells in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated inflammation is scarce. Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency. However there is no scientific evidence to prove that vitamin D deficiency predispose to obesity. Vitamin D supplementation may prevent obesity but it does not lead to weight loss in obese subjects.
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21
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Liu C, Zhai H, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xu X, Tang R. Cells Recognize and Prefer Bone-like Hydroxyapatite: Biochemical Understanding of Ultrathin Mineral Platelets in Bone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29997-30004. [PMID: 27750425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystallites in all types of bones are distinguished by their ultrathin characteristics, which are uniaxially oriented with fibrillar collagen to uniquely expose the (100) faces. We speculate that living organisms prefer the specific crystal morphology and orientation of HAP because of the interactions between cells and crystals at the mineral-cell interface. Here, bone-like platy HAP (p-HAP) and two different rod-like HAPs were synthesized to investigate the ultrathin mineral modulating effect on cell bioactivity and bone generation. Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were significantly promoted by the platy HAP with (100) faces compared to rod-like HAPs with (001) faces as the dominant crystal orientation, which indicated that MSCs can recognize the crystal face and prefer the (100) HAP faces. This face-specific preference is dependent on the selective adsorption of fibronectin (FN), a plasma protein that plays a central role in cell adhesion, on the HAP surface. This selective adsorption is further confirmed by molecule dynamics (MD) simulation. Our results demonstrate that it is an intelligent choice for cells to use ultrathin HAP with a large (100) face as a basic building block in the hierarchical structure of bone, which is crucial to the promotion of MSCs osteoinductions during bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilian Liu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry and ‡Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Halei Zhai
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry and ‡Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry and ‡Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry and ‡Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Xurong Xu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry and ‡Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry and ‡Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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22
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Lucaciu O, Crisan B, Crisan L, Baciut M, Soritau O, Bran S, Biris AR, Hurubeanu L, Hedesiu M, Vacaras S, Kretschmer W, Dirzu N, Campian RS, Baciut G. In quest of optimal drug-supported and targeted bone regeneration in the cranio facial area: a review of techniques and methods. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 47:455-69. [PMID: 26689239 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1124889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial bone structures are frequently and extensively affected by trauma, tumors, bone infections and diseases, age-related degeneration and atrophy, as well as congenital malformations and developmental anomalies. Consequently, severe encumbrances are imposed on both patients and healthcare systems due to the complex and lengthy treatment duration. The search for alternative methods to bone transplantation, grafting and the use of homologous or heterologous bone thus responds to one of the most significant problems in human medicine. This review focuses on the current consensus of bone-tissue engineering in the craniofacial area with emphasis on drug-induced stem cell differentiation and induced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondine Lucaciu
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Bogdan Crisan
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Liana Crisan
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- b "Ion Chiricuta" Oncological Institute , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Simion Bran
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Alexandru Radu Biris
- c National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Lucia Hurubeanu
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Mihaela Hedesiu
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Sergiu Vacaras
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | | | - Noemi Dirzu
- e Technical University of Cluj-Napoca , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Grigore Baciut
- a Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology , "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
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Abstract
Background: Peroxisomes are small cellular organelles that were almost ignored for years because they were believed to play only a minor role in cellular functions. However, it is now known that peroxisomes play an important role in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation as well as in the modulation of inflammatory mediators. In addition, peroxisomes have broad effects on the metabolism of lipids, hormones, and xenobiotics. Through their effects on lipid metabolism, peroxisomes also affect cellular membranes and adipocyte formation, as well as insulin sensitivity, and peroxisomes play a role in aging and tumorigenesis through their effects on oxidative stress. Objective: To review genetically determined peroxisomal disorders, especially those that particularly affect the skin, and some recent information on the specific genetic defects that lead to some of these disorders. In addition, we present some of the emerging knowledge of peroxisomal proliferator activator receptors (PPARs) and how ligands for these receptors modulate different peroxisomal functions. We also present information on how the discovery of PPARs, and the broad and diverse group of ligands that activate these members of the superfamily of nuclear binding transcription factors, has led to development of new drugs that modulate the function of peroxisomes. Conclusion: PPAR expression and ligand modulation within the skin have shown potential uses for these ligands in a number of inflammatory cutaneous disorders, including acne vulgaris, cutaneous disorders with barrier dysfunction, cutaneous effects of aging, and poor wound healing associated with altered signal transduction, as well as for side effects induced by the metabolic dysregulation of other drugs.
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24
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Piszczatowski RT, Lents NH. Regulation of the CCN genes by vitamin D: A possible adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cancer and fibrosis. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1604-13. [PMID: 27460560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The CCN family is composed of six cysteine-rich, modular, and conserved proteins whose functions span a variety of tissues and include cell proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Roles for the CCN proteins throughout the entire body including the skin, kidney, brain, blood vessels, hematopoietic compartment and others, are continuously being elucidated. Likewise, an understanding of the regulation of this important gene family is constantly becoming clearer, through identification of transcription factors that directly activate, repress, or respond to upstream cell signaling pathways, as well as other forms of gene expression control. Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or calcitriol), a vitamin essential for numerous biological processes, acts as a potent gene expression modulator. The regulation of the CCN gene family members by calcitriol has been described in many contexts. Here, we provide a concise and thorough overview of what is known about calcitriol and its regulation of the CCN genes, and argue that its regulation is of physiological importance in a wide breadth of tissues in which CCN genes function. In addition, we highlight the effects of vitamin D on CCN gene expression in the setting of two common pathologic conditions, fibrosis and cancer, and propose that the therapeutic effects of vitamin D3 described in these disease states may in part be attributable to CCN gene modulation. As vitamin D is perfectly safe in a wide range of doses and already showing promise as an adjuvant therapeutic agent, a deeper understanding of its control of CCN gene expression may have profound implications in clinical management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan H Lents
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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Wang C, Meng H, Wang X, Zhao C, Peng J, Wang Y. Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoblasts and Adipocytes and its Role in Treatment of Osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:226-33. [PMID: 26795027 PMCID: PMC4727494 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and degradation of the bone microstructure, leaving bones that are fragile and prone to fracture. Most osteoporosis treatments improve symptoms, but to date there is no quick and effective therapy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have pluripotent potential. In adults, BMMSCs differentiate mainly into osteoblasts and adipocytes in the skeleton. However, if this differentiation is unbalanced, it may lead to a decrease in bone mass. If the number of adipocyte cells increases and that of osteoblast cells decreases, osteoporosis can result. A variety of hormones and cytokines play an important role in the regulation of BMMSCs bidirectional differentiation. Therefore, a greater understanding of the regulation mechanism of BMMSC differentiation may provide new methods to prevent and treat osteoporosis. In addition, autologous, allogeneic BMMSCs or genetically modified BMMSC transplantation can effectively increase bone mass and density, increase bone mechanical strength, correct the imbalance in bone metabolism, and increase bone formation, and is expected to provide a new strategy and method for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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26
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Ge K, Sun W, Zhang S, Wang S, Jia G, Zhang C, Zhang J. Europium-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles cause the necrosis of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells through lysosome damage. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of europium-doped NaYF4 (NaYF4:Eu3+) nanoparticles in biomedical fields will inevitably increase their exposure to humans, therefore, the assessment of toxicities must be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Wentong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Shaohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
- Baoding 071000
- P. R. China
| | - Guang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Cuimiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
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Zhang D, Liu L, Jia Z, Yao X, Yang M. Flavonoids of Herba Epimedii stimulate osteogenic differentiation and suppress adipogenic differentiation of primary mesenchymal stem cells via estrogen receptor pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:954-63. [PMID: 26453492 PMCID: PMC11132535 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1079224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Accumulating evidence indicates that Herba Epimedii [Epimedii folium (Berberidaceae)] has anti-osteoporotic effect by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and reducing osteoclastic bone resorption. However, the effect of Herba Epimedii in regulating the cross-talk between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effect of total flavonoids of Herba Epimedii (HETF) on the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of primary MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS HETF were prepared and identified by HPLC-fingerprinting, primary mouse MSCs in the presence of 0.006-6 μg/mL HETF for 2-10 d were subject to morphological, biochemical, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Sixteen chemical components were identified in HETF by HPLC-fingerprinting and account for over 95% of the total area of HPLC peaks. During osteogenesis of MSCs, 0.006-6 μg/mL HETF promoted the proliferation of MSCs from 17% to 22%, increased alkaline phosphatase activity up to 3.7-fold (0.6 μg/mL), and extracellular calcium deposits from 1.2- to 1.4-folds by up-regulating the expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Meanwhile, HETF suppressed the adipogenesis of MSCs by reducing the formation of adipocyte-like cells and accumulation of fat droplets by down-regulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). The above biological activities of HETF were mainly through estrogen receptor-mediated pathway, which were blocked by estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182,780. CONCLUSION HETF could regulate Runx-2-mediated osteogenesis and PPAR-γ-mediated adipogenesis in MSCs and thus exhibit beneficial effects to bone health, which suggests a new strategy for treating patients with osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, PR China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, and
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Zhenbin Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, and
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Gao B, Huang Q, Jie Q, Lu WG, Wang L, Li XJ, Sun Z, Hu YQ, Chen L, Liu BH, Liu J, Yang L, Luo ZJ. GPR120: A bi-potential mediator to modulate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14080. [PMID: 26365922 PMCID: PMC4568495 DOI: 10.1038/srep14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids display diverse effects as signalling molecules through GPCRs in addition to their involvement in cellular metabolism. GPR120, a G protein-coupled receptor for long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, has been reported to mediate adipogenesis in lipid metabolism. However, whether GPR120 also mediates osteogenesis and regulates BMMSCs remain unclear. In this study, we showed that GPR120 targeted the bi-potential differentiation of BMMSCs in a ligand dose-dependent manner. High concentrations of TUG-891 (a highly selective agonist of GPR120) promoted osteogenesis via the Ras-ERK1/2 cascade, while low concentrations elevated P38 and increased adipogenesis. The fine molecular regulation of GPR120 was implemented by up-regulating different integrin subunits (α1, α2 and β1; α5 and β3). The administration of high doses of TUG-891 rescued oestrogen-deficient bone loss in vivo, further supporting an essential role of GPR120 in bone metabolism. Our findings, for the first time, showed that GPR120-mediated cellular signalling determines the bi-potential differentiation of BMMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the induction of different integrin subunits was involved in the cytoplasmic regulation of a seesaw-like balance between ERK and p38 phosphorylation. These findings provide new hope for developing novel remedies to treat osteoporosis by adjusting the GPR120-mediated differentiation balance of BMMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Jie
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guang Lu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qian Hu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- KMEB, Molecular Endocrinology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bao-Hua Liu
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
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Girgis CM, Baldock PA, Downes M. Vitamin D, muscle and bone: Integrating effects in development, aging and injury. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:3-10. [PMID: 25837735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the established effects of muscle loading on bone, a complex network of hormones and growth factors integrates these adjacent tissues. One such hormone, vitamin D, exerts broad-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling, differentiation and development. Vitamin D also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones, potentially facilitating cross-talk between these tissues. In the clinical setting, vitamin D deficiency or mutations of the vitamin D receptor result in generalized atrophy of muscle and bone, suggesting coordinated effects of vitamin D at these sites. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts specific effects throughout the life of the musculoskeletal system - in development, aging and injury. From this holistic viewpoint, we offer new insights into an old debate: whether vitamin D's effects in the musculoskeletal system are direct via local VDR signals or indirect via its systemic effects in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Regulation of Adipogenesis and Key Adipogenic Gene Expression by 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in 3T3-L1 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126142. [PMID: 26030589 PMCID: PMC4451075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1, 25-(OH)2D3) in regulating adipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation and key adipogenic gene expression were studied in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Five concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100nM) of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 were studied and lipid accumulation measured by Oil Red O staining and expression of adipogenic genes quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. Adipogenic responses to 1, 25-(OH)2D3 were determined on 6, and 12 h, and days 1-10 after induction of adipogenesis by a hormonal cocktail with or without 1, 25-(OH)2D3. In response to 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (1, 10, and 100 nM), lipid accumulation and the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4 and SCD-1 were inhibited through day 10, and vitamin D receptor expression was inhibited in the early time points. The greatest inhibitory effect was upon expression of FABP4. Expression of SREBP-1c was only affected on day 2. The lowest concentrations of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 tested did not affect adipocyte differentiation or adipogenic gene expression. The C/EBPα promoter activity response to 1, 25-(OH)2D3 was also tested, with no effect detected. These results indicate that 1, 25-(OH)2D3 inhibited adipogenesis via suppressing adipogenic-specific genes, and is invoked either during PPARγ activation or immediately up-stream thereof. Gene expression down-stream of PPARγ especially FABP4 was strongly inhibited, and we suggest that the role of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 in regulating adipogenesis will be informed by further studies of adipogenic-specific gene promoter activity.
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31
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Gao B, Huang Q, Lin YS, Wei BY, Guo YS, Sun Z, Wang L, Fan J, Zhang HY, Han YH, Li XJ, Shi J, Liu J, Yang L, Luo ZJ. Dose-dependent effect of estrogen suppresses the osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts via canonical Wnt signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99137. [PMID: 24918446 PMCID: PMC4053448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat infiltration within marrow cavity is one of multitudinous features of estrogen deficiency, which leads to a decline in bone formation functionality. The origin of this fat is unclear, but one possibility is that it is derived from osteoblasts, which transdifferentiate into adipocytes that produce bone marrow fat. We examined the dose-dependent effect of 17β-estradiol on the ability of MC3T3-E1 cells and murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC)-derived osteoblasts to undergo osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation. We found that 17β-estradiol significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.05); calcium deposition; and Alp, Col1a1, Runx2, and Ocn expression levels dose-dependently. By contrast, 17β-estradiol significantly decreased the number and size of lipid droplets, and Fabp4 and PPARγ expression levels during osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of brown adipocyte markers (Myf5, Elovl3, and Cidea) and undifferentiated adipocyte markers (Dlk1, Gata2, and Wnt10b) were also affected by 17β-estradiol during osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation. Western blotting and immunostaining further showed that canonical Wnt signaling can be activated by estrogen to exert its inhibitory effect of osteo-adipogenesis. This is the first study to demonstrate the dose-dependent effect of 17β-estradiol on the osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and BMMSCs likely via canonical Wnt signaling. In summary, our results indicate that osteo-adipogenic transdifferentiation modulated by canonical Wnt signaling pathway in bone metabolism may be a new explanation for the gradually increased bone marrow fat in estrogen-inefficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Shui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yuan Wei
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Shan Guo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hu Han
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (LY); (JL)
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (LY); (JL)
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZJL); (LY); (JL)
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Bradamante S, Barenghi L, Maier JAM. Stem Cells toward the Future: The Space Challenge. Life (Basel) 2014; 4:267-80. [PMID: 25370198 PMCID: PMC4187162 DOI: 10.3390/life4020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts experience weightlessness-induced bone loss due to an unbalanced process of bone remodeling that involves bone mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs), as well as osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The effects of microgravity on osteo-cells have been extensively studied, but it is only recently that consideration has been given to the role of bone MSCs. These live in adult bone marrow niches, are characterized by their self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacities, and the published data indicate that they may lead to interesting returns in the biomedical/bioengineering fields. This review describes the published findings concerning bMSCs exposed to simulated/real microgravity, mainly concentrating on how mechanosignaling, mechanotransduction and oxygen influence their proliferation, senescence and differentiation. A comprehensive understanding of bMSC behavior in microgravity and their role in preventing bone loss will be essential for entering the future age of long-lasting, manned space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bradamante
- CNR-ISTM, Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Livia Barenghi
- CNR-ISTM, Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Jeanette A M Maier
- Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
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Nuttall ME, Shah F, Singh V, Thomas-Porch C, Frazier T, Gimble JM. Adipocytes and the regulation of bone remodeling: a balancing act. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:78-87. [PMID: 24101233 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Throughout life, a balance exists within the marrow cavity between adipose tissue and bone. Each tissue derives from a common progenitor cell known both as a "bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cell" and as a "mesenchymal stem cell" (BMSC). The majority of in vitro and in vivo data suggest that BMSCs differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts in a reciprocal manner. For example, while ligand induction of the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ initiates BMSC adipogenesis, it suppresses osteogenesis. Nevertheless, this hypothesis may oversimplify a complex regulatory paradigm. The picture may be further complicated by the systemic impact of extramedullary adipose depots on bone via the secretion of protein adipokines and lipid metabolites. This review focuses on past and current literature examining the mechanisms governing the adipose-bone interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Nuttall
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ, 08560, USA,
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Bethel M, Chitteti BR, Srour EF, Kacena MA. The changing balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in aging and its impact on hematopoiesis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2013; 11:99-106. [PMID: 23423562 PMCID: PMC3643998 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-013-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts (OBs) and adipocytes (APs) share a common mesenchymal ancestor. It is now clear that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) maturation along the OB lineage comes at the expense of adipogenesis and vice versa. During aging, this balance increasingly favors the formation of APs. Hematopoiesis also slowly declines during the aging process. The role of OB lineage cells in hematopoiesis has been studied, but less is known about how APs regulate hematopoiesis. A few studies have demonstrated a negative relationship between APs and hematopoiesis; however, there is also evidence that brown adipose tissue (BAT) may promote hematopoiesis. This review will examine the current knowledge of how adipogenesis and osteogenesis change with aging and the implications of this changing environment on hematopoeisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bethel
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 South Drive, FH 115, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-278-2804 (phone), 317-278-9568 (fax),
| | - Brahmananda R. Chitteti
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Medicine. Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3-C356, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-274-0352 (phone), 317-274-0396 (fax),
| | - Edward F. Srour
- Robert J. and Annie S. Rohn Professor of Leukemia Research, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology. Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3-C312, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-274-0343 (phone), 317-274-0396 (fax),
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 South Drive, FH 115H, Indianapolis, IN 46202, 317-2783482 (phone), 317-278-9568 (Fax),
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Yang K, Cao W, Hao X, Xue X, Zhao J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Meng J, Sun B, Zhang J, Liang XJ. Metallofullerene nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells through BMP signaling pathway. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1205-1212. [PMID: 23299786 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although endohedral metallofullerenol [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles have anti-tumor efficiency and mostly deposit in the bones of mice, how these nanoparticles act in bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) remains largely unknown. Herein, we observed that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles facilitated the differentiation of MSCs toward osteoblasts, as evidenced by the enhancement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation upon [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticle treatment. Mechanistically, the effect of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles on ALP activity was inhibited by the addition of noggin as an inhibitor of the BMP signaling pathway. Moreover, the in vivo results of the ovariectomized rats further indicated that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles effectively improved bone density and prevented osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Yang
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Division of Nanomedicine and Nanobiology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
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Nimitphong H, Holick MF, Fried SK, Lee MJ. 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ promote the differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23272223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052171.pubmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25(OH)(2)D(3) inhibits adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but little is known about its effects or local metabolism in human adipose tissue. We showed that vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), the enzyme that activates 25(OH)D(3) to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), were expressed in human adipose tissues, primary preadipocytes and newly-differentiated adipocytes. Preadipocytes and newly-differentiated adipocytes were responsive to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), as indicated by a markedly increased expression of CYP24A1, a primary VDR target. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) enhanced adipogenesis as determined by increased expression of adipogenic markers and triglyceride accumulation (50% to 150%). The magnitude of the effect was greater in the absence of thiazolidinediones. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was equally effective when added after the removal of differentiation cocktail on day 3, but it had no effect when added only during the induction period (day 0-3), suggesting that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) promoted maturation. 25(OH)D(3) also stimulated CYP24A1 expression and adipogenesis, most likely through its conversion to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Consistent with this possibility, incubation of preadipocytes with 25(OH)D(3) led to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) accumulation in the media. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also enhanced adipogenesis in primary mouse preadipocytes. We conclude that vitamin D status may regulate human adipose tissue growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataikarn Nimitphong
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nimitphong H, Holick MF, Fried SK, Lee MJ. 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ promote the differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52171. [PMID: 23272223 PMCID: PMC3525569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but little is known about its effects or local metabolism in human adipose tissue. We showed that vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), the enzyme that activates 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3, were expressed in human adipose tissues, primary preadipocytes and newly-differentiated adipocytes. Preadipocytes and newly-differentiated adipocytes were responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3, as indicated by a markedly increased expression of CYP24A1, a primary VDR target. 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced adipogenesis as determined by increased expression of adipogenic markers and triglyceride accumulation (50% to 150%). The magnitude of the effect was greater in the absence of thiazolidinediones. 1,25(OH)2D3 was equally effective when added after the removal of differentiation cocktail on day 3, but it had no effect when added only during the induction period (day 0–3), suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted maturation. 25(OH)D3 also stimulated CYP24A1 expression and adipogenesis, most likely through its conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3. Consistent with this possibility, incubation of preadipocytes with 25(OH)D3 led to 1,25(OH)2D3 accumulation in the media. 1,25(OH)2D3 also enhanced adipogenesis in primary mouse preadipocytes. We conclude that vitamin D status may regulate human adipose tissue growth and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataikarn Nimitphong
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Holick
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Effects of La3+ on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells. J RARE EARTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(10)60645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bone regeneration by stem cell and tissue engineering in oral and maxillofacial region. Front Med 2011; 5:401-13. [PMID: 22198752 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-011-0161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical imperatives for the reconstruction of jaw bone defects or resorbed alveolar ridge require new therapies or procedures instead of autologous/allogeneic bone grafts. Regenerative medicine, based on stem cell science and tissue engineering technology, is considered as an ideal alternative strategy for bone regeneration. In this paper, we review the current choices of cell source and strategies on directing the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The preclinical animal models for bone regeneration and the key translational points to clinical success in oral and maxillofacial region are also discussed. We propose comprehensive strategies based on stem cell and tissue engineering researches, allowing for clinical application in oral and maxillofacial region.
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Styner M, Sen B, Xie Z, Case N, Rubin J. Indomethacin promotes adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through a cyclooxygenase independent mechanism. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1042-50. [PMID: 20672310 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage selection is important for the generation of bone mass. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) may increase adipogenesis at the cost of decreasing osteoprogenitor output. Here we investigated the role of COX2 and its products during MSC differentiation. Indomethacin stimulated adipogenesis (increased aP2, adiponectin and lipid droplets) of CH310T1/2 stem cells as well as marrow-derived MSCs to a degree similar to the PPARγ2 ligand, rosiglitazone. Unlike rosiglitazone, indomethacin significantly upregulated PPARγ2 expression. Indomethacin and the COX2 specific inhibitor celecoxib suppressed PGE2 production, but celecoxib did not induce adipogenesis. As well, addition of PGE2 failed to reverse indomethacin induced adipogenesis, indicating that indomethacin's effects were prostaglandin independent. In MSCs over-expressing PPARγ2 and RXRα, indomethacin did not increase PPAR-induced transcription, while rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 did (1.7- and 1.3-fold, respectively, P < 0.001). We considered whether indomethacin might directly affect C/EBPβ proximally to PPARγ2 induction. Indomethacin significantly increased C/EBPβ expression and protein within 24 h of addition. These results indicate that indomethacin promotes adipogenesis by increasing C/EBPβ and PPARγ2 expression in a prostaglandin-independent fashion. This effect of indomethacin is pertinent to potential deleterious effects of this commonly used anti-inflammatory drug on bone remodeling and tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7170, USA.
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Yi C, Liu D, Fong CC, Zhang J, Yang M. Gold nanoparticles promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through p38 MAPK pathway. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6439-48. [PMID: 21028783 DOI: 10.1021/nn101373r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction mechanisms between nanomaterials and biological cells is important for the control and manipulation of these interactions for biomedical applications. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the associated molecular mechanisms. The results showed that AuNPs promoted the differentiation of MSCs toward osteoblast cells over adipocyte cells by inducing an enhanced osteogenic transcriptional profile and an attenuated adipogenic transcriptional profile. AuNPs exerted the effects by interacting with the cell membrane and binding with proteins in the cytoplasm, causing mechanical stress on the MSCs to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) signaling pathway, which regulates the expression of relevant genes to induce osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Liu D, Yi C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Yang M. Inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by carboxylated carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2010; 4:2185-95. [PMID: 20218664 DOI: 10.1021/nn901479w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted substantial attention in stem cell therapy and tissue engineering due to their ability to be cultured for successive passages and multilineage differentiation. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed to be used as potential biomedical structures for bone formation. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanisms of interaction between MSCs and CNTs. We demonstrated that carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) inhibited the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation, and mineralization of MSCs. Oxidative stress assay indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may not be responsible for the observed cytotoxicity of carboxylated CNTs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) experiments confirmed that the expression of osteoblast specific genes and adipocyte differentiation specific genes was greatly attenuated during the differentiation of MSCs in the presence of carboxylated CNTs. TEM images revealed that CNTs might interact with proteins located on the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm, which have a further impact on subsequent cellular signaling pathways. Q-PCR results and Western blot analysis together verified that the inhibition of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs may be modulated through a Smad-dependent bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Rajpathak SN, Xue X, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Van Horn L, Robinson JG, Liu S, Allison M, Martin LW, Ho GYF, Rohan TE. Effect of 5 y of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on change in circulating lipids: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:894-9. [PMID: 20181812 PMCID: PMC2844677 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes may be inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, possibly because of their potential beneficial effects on circulating lipids. Clinical trials that have evaluated the effect of calcium supplementation on lipids are limited by a short follow-up, and data on vitamin D are scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effect of a longer-term effect (over 5 y) of calcium and vitamin D (CaD) supplementation on changes in the concentrations of several lipids: LDL, HDL, non-HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. DESIGN The study was conducted in 1259 postmenopausal women in the Calcium plus Vitamin D Trial (1 g elemental Ca as carbonate plus 400 IU vitamin D(3)/d compared with placebo) of the Women's Health Initiative. Analyses were conducted by intention-to-treat. Repeated measurements on lipids during follow-up were analyzed by linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Overall, the change in lipids was relatively small [< or =5% except for Lp(a), which was 20-25%], and there was no significant difference in the mean change of any lipid variable between the active and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CaD supplementation is not associated with lipid changes over 5 y. Existing and future CaD trials should consider evaluating this association for different doses of supplements. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N Rajpathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Effect of cerium ion on the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization function of primary mouse osteoblasts in vitro. J RARE EARTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(09)60067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reid IR, Ames R, Mason B, Bolland MJ, Bacon CJ, Reid HE, Kyle C, Gamble GD, Grey A, Horne A. Effects of calcium supplementation on lipids, blood pressure, and body composition in healthy older men: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:131-9. [PMID: 19906800 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium supplementation has been suggested to have beneficial effects on serum lipids, blood pressure, and body weight, but these possibilities have not been rigorously assessed in men. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of calcium supplementation on the change in the ratio of HDL to LDL cholesterol (primary endpoint) and on changes in cholesterol fractions, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body composition (secondary endpoints). DESIGN We carried out a randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation in 323 generally healthy men over a period of 2 y. Subjects were randomly assigned to take placebo, 600 mg Ca/d, or 1200 mg Ca/d. RESULTS There was no significant treatment effect on the ratio of HDL to LDL cholesterol (P = 0.47) nor on weight, fat mass, lean mass, triglycerides, or total, LDL, or HDL cholesterol (P > 0.28 for all). There were downward trends in systolic and diastolic blood pressures within the calcium-supplemented groups, but there were no significant treatment effects over the whole trial period (P > 0.60). In a post hoc analysis of those with baseline calcium intakes below the median value (785 mg/d), blood pressures showed borderline treatment effects (P = 0.05-0.06 for changes at 2 y in those who received 1200 mg Ca/d compared with placebo: systolic, -4.2 mm Hg; diastolic, -3.3 mm Hg). Low magnesium intake showed a similar interaction. No treatment effects on weight or body composition were found. CONCLUSIONS These data do not show significant effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipids or body composition. Calcium supplementation in those with low dietary intakes may benefit blood pressure control. This trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN 012605000274673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Reid
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Effect of dexamethasone on differentiation of multipotent stromal cells from human adipose tissue. Bull Exp Biol Med 2009; 147:503-8. [PMID: 19704959 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-009-0548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Effect of dexamethasone on differentiation of multipotent stromal cells from human adipose tissue was evaluated. Addition of dexamethasone to growth medium resulted in active adipogenesis. Addition of dexamethasone to the osteogenic medium (containing active vitamin D3 form as the main inductor) led to simultaneous realization of the adipogenic and osteogenic potencies of multipotent stromal cells of the adipose tissue. Hence, the quality of the transplant on the basis of predifferentiated multipotent stromal cells from the adipose tissue for bone tissue repair can be deteriorated by dexamethasone directing some cells to adipogenic development.
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Effect of Dy3+on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytic trans-differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jeong YS, Kim EJ, Shim CK, Hou JH, Kim JM, Choi HG, Kim WK, Oh YK. Modulation of biodistribution and expression of plasmid DNA following mesenchymal progenitor cell-based delivery. J Drug Target 2008; 16:405-14. [PMID: 18569285 DOI: 10.1080/10611860802088713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although therapeutic applications of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) have been studied, the in vivo fate of genes delivered by the MPCs has received little attention. We report here the in vivo kinetics, tissue distribution, and duration of gene expression after systemic administration of plasmid DNA delivered by MPCs. Murine MPCs were isolated from bone marrow, cultured, and transfected with plasmid DNA using polyethylenimine. The gene-modified MPCs or naked plasmid DNA was administered intravenously to mice. Injected MPCs incorporating plasmid DNA yielded elevated serum concentrations when compared with the group treated with plasmid DNA alone, a 280-fold higher level measured at 5-min post-administration. Moreover, plasmid DNA delivered in MPCs was detected in several organs, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The highest levels of distribution were observed in the liver, followed by lung and spleen at 4 days post-dose. Similar to the distribution of DNA, significant expression levels of the exogenous gene were observed only after delivery of the DNA in MPCs, demonstrating the sustained expression at the liver, lung, and kidney for 4 days after tail vein injection. This study provides perspectives regarding the in vivo fate and target tissue distribution of genes following MPC-based delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sin Jeong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Effect of 17β-estradiol on the in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells into the osteogenic lineage. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:368-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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